title: Analyzing risk factors for early postoperative bile leakage based on Clavien classification in bile duct stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the risk factors of bile leakage, with different severity, based on Clavien-Dindo complication classification system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 943 eligible patients was performed. Sixty-eight patients, with bile leakage, were divided into 2 groups: mild bile leakage (grades I, II, n = 41) and severe bile leakage (grades III, IV, V, n = 27). Twenty-five potential factors were analyzed, by multivariate regression analyses, to identify independent risk factors of bile leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The independent risk factors of bile leakage, for the entire cohort, included attacks of acute cholangitis within 1 month, associated biliary-enteric anastomosis (BEA), associated hepatectomy and previous biliary surgery. The independent risk factors for patients with mild bile leakage were attacks of acute cholangitis within 1 month, associated hepatectomy, and a history of previous biliary surgery. Similarly, the independent risk factors for patients with severe bile leakage were attacks of acute cholangitis within 1 month, associated hepatectomy, and associated BEA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for mild and severe postoperative bile leakage, in bile duct stones, were different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address: guoweizhang77@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000145:classification* / Q000601:surgery*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Bile duct stones; Bile leakage; Clavien classification; Complications; Hepatectomy; Risk factors