title: Failure to replicate the structure of a Spanish-language brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives across three samples of Latino smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research in smoking is hindered by a lack of validated measures available in languages other than English. Availability of measures in languages other than English is vital to the inclusion of diverse groups in smoking research. To help address this gap, this study attempted to validate a Spanish-language version of the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (Brief WISDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 3 independent, diverse samples of Spanish-speaking Latino smokers seeking cessation counseling were utilized. Confirmatory factor analyses of 3 known structures of the Brief WISDM were examined for fit within each sample. A separate analysis was also conducted with the 3 samples combined. A post-hoc exploratory factor analyses with the combined sample was also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across 12 confirmatory factor analyses, none of the 3 structures demonstrated good fit in any of the samples independently or in the combined sample. Across the 3 samples, high intercorrelations (>.90) were found among the Loss of Control, Craving, Tolerance, and Cue Exposure scales, suggesting great redundancy among these scales. An exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) further supported these high intercorrelations. Some subscales remained intact in the EFA but accounted for little variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this study was unable to replicate the structure of a Spanish-language Brief WISDM in 3 independent samples of smokers. Possible explanations include inadequate translation of the measure and/or true and meaningful differences in the construct of dependence among Spanish-speaking Latino smokers. Both possibilities merit further research.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; ycastro@austin.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Yessenia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;
authors.forename: Virmarie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Correa-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;
authors.forename: Miguel Á
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: Memorial Brain and Behavior Center, Houston, TX;
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazas
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX;
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Damon J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Vidrine
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;
authors.forename: Jennifer I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Vidrine
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires