title: A six-week motor-driven functional electronic stimulation rowing program improves muscle strength and body composition in people with spinal cord injury: a pilot study.
abstract: METHODS
  Preclinical and postclinical intervention and outcomes measure design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of six weeks of motor-driven functional electronic stimulation (FES) rowing exercise intervention on cardiopulmonary fitness, upper body strength and body composition in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Rehabilitation Center in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 people with SCI (ten males, two females) participated in 42.5-minute training sessions on motor-driven FES rowing machine, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Peak oxygen consumption, body mass index, percent body fat, waist circumference, shoulder abduction and adduction, shoulder flexion and extension and elbow flexion and extension were measured at baseline and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The six weeks of training with a motor-driven FES rowing machine significantly decreased percent body fat (Pre: 23.9±8.5 vs. Post: 20.4±7.9, P=0.028) and increased lean body mass (Pre: 50.4±9.4 vs. Post: 53.3±10.0, P=0.001), muscular strength of the shoulder flexors (Pre: 147.5±68.5 vs. Post: 180.9±71.8, P=0.002), extensors (Pre: 132.7±51.8 vs. Post: 160.6±67.9, P=0.010), abductors (Pre: 126.1±52.6 vs. Post: 163.7±77.8, P=0.002) and adductors (Pre: 172.3±69.0 vs. Post: 215.2±95.7, P=0.003), as well as elbow flexors (Pre: 212.7±66.6 vs. Post: 256.6±76.1, P=0.004) and extensors (Pre: 190.6±65.0 vs. Post: 221.9±63.9, P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise using a motor-driven FES rowing machine may be used as a new exercise modality to improve body composition and upper body muscle strength in people with SCI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This research was supported by a grant (code# 08-B-03, #10-B-01) from the National Rehabilitation Research Institute.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: D-I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: D-S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult