title: Microswitch-aided programs to support physical exercise or adequate ambulation in persons with multiple disabilities.
abstract: Three microswitch-aided programs were assessed in three single-case studies to enhance physical exercise or ambulation in participants with multiple disabilities. Study I was aimed at helping a woman who tended to have the head bending forward and the arms down to exercise a combination of appropriate head and arms movements. Study II was aimed at promoting ambulation continuity with a man who tended to have ambulation breaks. Study III was aimed at promoting ambulation with appropriate foot position in a girl who usually showed toe walking. The experimental designs of the studies consisted of a multiple probe across responses (Study I), an ABAB sequence (Study II), and an ABABB(1) sequence (Study III). The last phase of each study was followed by a post-intervention check. The microswitches monitored the target responses selected for the participants and triggered a computer system to provide preferred stimuli contingent on those responses during the intervention phases of the studies. Data showed that the programs were effective with each of the participants who learned to exercise head and arms movements, increased ambulation continuity, and acquired high levels of appropriate foot position during ambulation, respectively. The positive performance levels were retained during the post-intervention checks. The discussion focused on (a) the potential of technology-aided programs for persons with multiple disabilities and (b) the need of replication studies to extend the evidence available in the area.
authors.affiliation: University of Bari, Italy. Electronic address: giulio.lancioni@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Giulio E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lancioni
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA.
authors.forename: Nirbhay N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sigafoos
authors.affiliation: Lega F. D'Oro Research Center, Osimo and Lesmo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.affiliation: Lega F. D'Oro Research Center, Osimo and Lesmo, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perilli
authors.affiliation: Lega F. D'Oro Research Center, Osimo and Lesmo, Italy.
authors.forename: Doretta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: IRCCS 'Oasi' Troina, Italy.
authors.forename: Serafino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001766:Blindness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ambulation; Arms movements; Head movements; Microswitch-aided programs; Multiple disabilities; Toe walking