title: Evaluating ear cartilage piercing practices in London, UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ear cartilage piercing is increasingly popular and has a significant complication rate. Contrary to popular belief, there are no minimum qualifications required to practice ear piercing. This study evaluated ear cartilage piercing practices in London, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practitioners at 25 piercing parlours completed a telephone questionnaire assessing piercing practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six per cent of practitioners were aware of the risk of infection post-piercing. Four per cent, 12 per cent and 0 per cent of practitioners were aware of keloid scarring, hypertrophic scarring and cauliflower ear respectively. No practitioners were aware of any other complications. Their consent forms did not document any ear cartilage complications. Twenty-eight per cent of participants advised clients to seek medical attention following a complication. Forty per cent did not provide written post-piercing guidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Piercing practitioners were insufficiently aware of ear cartilage piercing complications. It is unlikely that informed consent was obtained prior to piercing. The post-piercing practice of the majority of parlours did not follow published national guidance.
authors.affiliation: Academic Surgery,Northwest Thames Foundation School,London,UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mandavia
authors.affiliation: ENT Department,Guy's Hospital,London,UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London,School of Medicine,London,UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: North Middlesex University Hospital,London,UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osmani
mesh_terms: D001505:Beauty Culture / Q000592:standards*; D046288:Body Piercing / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004425:Ear Cartilage; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires