title: State Responses to Alcohol Use and Pregnancy: Findings From the Alcohol Policy Information System (APIS).
abstract: This article describes U.S. state policies related to alcohol use during pregnancy, using data from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol Policy Information System (APIS). Specifically, this study examines trends in policies enacted by states over time and types of policies enacted across states in the U.S., with a focus on whether laws were supportive or punitive toward women. Findings revealed substantial variability in characteristics of policies (19 primarily supportive, 12 primarily punitive, 12 with a mixed approach, and 8 with no policies). Findings underscore the need to examine possible consequences of policies, especially of punitive policies and "mixed" approaches.
authors.affiliation: Professor, San Jose State University Social Work, San Jose, California, USA.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drabble
authors.affiliation: Director, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Education Liaison, The National Center for Youth Law, Oakland, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Social Scientist, University of California, San Francisco - Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah Cm
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roberts
keywords: alcohol consumption; fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; policy; pregnancy; prevention; women