title: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to adapt the English version of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score for use in a Turkish population and to evaluate its validity, reliability and cultural adaptation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard forward-back translation of the HSS knee score was performed and the Turkish version was applied in 73 patients. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Mini-Mental State Examination and sit-to-stand test were also performed and analyzed. Internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to calculate the test-retest reliability at one-week intervals. Validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation between the HSS, WOMAC and sit-to-stand test scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ICC ranged from 0.98 to 0.99 with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87). The WOMAC score correlated with total HSS score (r: -0.80, p<0.001) and sit-to-stand score (r: 0.12, p: 0.312).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Turkish version of the HSS knee score is reliable and valid in evaluating the total knee arthroplasty in Turkish patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Physiotherapy, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey. selnur62@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Selnur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Physiotherapy, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Unver
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health, İzmir University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakırhan
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Gediz University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bozan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vasfi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karatosun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D014193:Trauma Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey