title: Bond strength and interfacial morphology of different dentin adhesives in primary teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interfacial morphology and the bond strength produced by the three-step, two-step and single-step bonding systems in primary teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occlusal surfaces of 72 extracted human deciduous teeth were ground to expose the dentin. The teeth were divided into four groups: (a) Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M, ESPE), (b) Adh Se (Vivadent), (d) OptiBond All-in-One (Kerr) and (e)Futurabond NR (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany). The adhesives were applied to each group following the manufacturer's instructions. Then, teeth from each group were divided into two groups: (A) For viewing interfacial morphology (32 teeth), with 8 teeth in each group, and (B) For measurement of bond strength (40 teeth), with 10 teeth in each group. All the samples were prepared for viewing under SEM. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observational measurement of tag length in different adhesives revealed that Scotchbond had the most widely spread values with a range from 12.20 to 89.10μm while OptiBond AIO had the narrowest range (0 to 22.50). The bond strength of Scotchbond Multipurpose was significantly higher (7.4744±1.88763) (p<0.001) as compared to Futurabond NR (3.8070±1.61345), Adhe SE (4.4478 ± 1.3820) and OptiBond-all-in-one (4.4856±1.07925).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three-step bonding system showed better results as compared to simplified studied bonding systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vashisth
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, UP, India.
authors.forename: Mudit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pedodontics, ITS Dental College, Greater Noida, UP, India.
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, UP, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, UP, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
keywords: Bond strength; Primary teeth; SEM, Bonding systems