title: Sulfobetaine-based polymer brushes in marine environment: is there an effect of the polymerizable group on the antifouling performance?
abstract: Three different zwitterionic polymer brush coatings for marine biofouling control were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of sulfobetaine-based monomers including methacrylamide (SBMAm), vinylbenzene (SBVB) and vinylimidazolium (SBVI). None of these brush systems have been assessed regarding marine antifouling performance. Antifouling tests performed indicate that surfaces featuring these three brush systems substantially reduce the adhesion of the marine microalgae, Amphora coffeaeformis, and the settlement of cyprid larvae of the barnacle, Amphibalanus amphitrite, in a similar way, displaying comparable performance. Thus, it appears that the chemical structure of the polymerizable group has no substantial influence on marine antifouling performance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Electronic address: quintanavicenter@imre.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Electronic address: janczewskid@imre.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jańczewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. Electronic address: vivek_vasantha@ices.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Vivek Arjunan
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vasantha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. Electronic address: satyasankar_jana@ices.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Satyasankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore. Electronic address: tmslscs@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Serina Siew Chen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore. Electronic address: tmsfjp@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Fernando Jose
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Parra-Velandia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Electronic address: guos@imre.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Shifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore. Electronic address: a_parthiban@ices.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Anbanandam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parthiban
authors.affiliation: Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore. Electronic address: tmsteolm@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Serena Lay-Ming
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, PO Box 217 Enschede, 7500 AE The Netherlands. Electronic address: G.J.Vancso@utwente.nl.
authors.forename: G Julius
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vancso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001622:Betaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002384:Catalysis / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058086:Microalgae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D058105:Polymerization / Q000187:drug effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D001622:Betaine; D003300:Copper; C483727:sulfobetaine
keywords: ATRP; Amphora; Barnacle; Hydrolysis; Marine anti-fouling; Polymer brush; Sulfobetaine