title: RGD-conjugated rod-like viral nanoparticles on 2D scaffold improve bone differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Viral nanoparticles have uniform and well-defined nano-structures and can be produced in large quantities. Several plant viral nanoparticles have been tested in biomedical applications due to the lack of mammalian cell infectivity. We are particularly interested in using Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which has been demonstrated to enhance bone tissue regeneration, as a tunable nanoscale building block for biomaterials development. Unmodified TMV particles have been shown to accelerate osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells by synergistically upregulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and integrin-binding bone sialoprotein (IBSP) expression with dexamethasone. However, their lack of affinity to mammalian cell surface resulted in low initial cell adhesion. In this study, to increase cell binding capacity of TMV based material the chemical functionalization of TMV with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide was explored. An azide-derivatized RGD peptide was "clicked" to tyrosine residues on TMV outer surface via an efficient copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The ligand spacing is calculated to be 2-4 nm, which could offer a polyvalent ligand clustering effect for enhanced cell receptor signaling, further promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Pongkwan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sitasuwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: L Andrew
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Weifang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quanrantine Bureau Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA ; Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Catalysis for Energy Processes, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Huong Giang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: RGD peptide; bone mesenchymal stem cells; click chemistry; osteogenesis; viral nanoparticles