title: Depression and self-concept in girls with perception of pubertal onset.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early pubertal timing in girls is associated with psychological and behavioral problems. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological features of girls who perceived breast development beginning by analyzing their depression levels and self-concept.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2007 to December 2012, 93 girls were enrolled and assigned to a pre-8 (younger than 8 years, n=43) or post-8 (8 years and older, n=50) group according to the age at onset of perceived breast development, and their height, body weight, body mass index, bone age (BA), Tanner stage, and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were examined. We investigated their psychological state with the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC) to evaluate depression levels and self-concept, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pre-8 group had a significantly greater height standard deviation score, (0.5±1.01 vs. 0.11±0.86, P = 0.048) and more advanced BA (2.07±1.02 years vs. 1.40±0.98 years, P = 0.004) compared to the post-8 group. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences for the CDI and PHCSC scores; however, the pre-8 group scored higher than the post-8 group in the physical appearance and attributes domain of the PHCSC (9.93±2.57 vs. 8.52±3.03, P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The timing of perceived breast development among girls who thought puberty to begin did not affect depression levels and self-concept. There was no correlation between Tanner stage and depression levels and self-concept despite the perception of pubertal onset. The pre-8 group had a more positive view of their physical appearance than the post-8 group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Wha Su
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Koo
keywords: Depression; Puberty; Self concept; Sexual development