title: Lycopene modulates THP1 and Caco2 cells inflammatory state through transcriptional and nontranscriptional processes.
abstract: We revisited the action of a carotenoid, the lycopene, on the expression of proinflammatory genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and metalloprotease (MMP9) activity. THP1 and Caco2 cell lines were used as in vitro models for the two main cell types found in intestine tissue, that is, monocytes and epithelial cells. Proinflammatory condition was induced using either phorbol ester acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In THP1 cells, short term pretreatment (2 h) with a low concentration (2 μM) of lycopene reinforce proinflammatory gene expression. The extent of the effect of lycopene is dependent on the proinflammtory stimulus (PMA, LPS or TNF) used. Lycopene enhanced MMP9 secretion via a c-AMP-dependent process, and reduced ROS production at higher concentrations than 2 μM. Cell culture media, conditioned by PMA-treated monocytes and then transferred on CaCo-2 epithelial cells, induced a proinflammatory state in these cells. The extent of this inflammatory effect was reduced when cells has been pretreated (12 h) with lycopene. At low concentration (2 μM or less), lycopene appeared to promote an inflammatory state not correlated with ROS modulation. At higher concentration (5 μM-20 μM), an anti-inflammatory effect takes place as a decrease of ROS production was detected. So, both concentration and time have to be considered in order to define the exact issue of the effect of carotenoids present in meals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France ; Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, TMDT, Rm. 3-301, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7.
authors.forename: Njock
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makon-Sébastien
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Fouchier
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1260/1062 INSERM/AMU, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France ; Laboratoire de Génie Génétique, INRA 1260, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Seree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eric
authors.affiliation: IMBE-UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237, Mutagenèse Environnementale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Villard Pierre
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Henri
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1260/1062 INSERM/AMU, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Landrier Jean
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: François
authors.affiliation: Laboratoires YVERY, 134 rue Edmond Rostand, 13008 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pechere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Barra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yves
authors.affiliation: IMBE-UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237, Mutagenèse Environnementale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Champion
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serge
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D000077276:Lycopene; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000737:chemistry; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000737:chemistry; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002338:Carotenoids; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000077276:Lycopene