title: PM2: a partitioning-mining-measuring method for identifying progressive changes in older adults' sleeping activity.
abstract: As people age, their health typically declines, resulting in difficulty in performing daily activities. Sleep-related problems are common issues with older adults, including shifts in circadian rhythms. A detection method is proposed to identify progressive changes in sleeping activity using a three-step process: partitioning, mining, and measuring. Specifically, the original spatiotemporal representation of each sleeping activity instance was first transformed into a sequence of equal-sized segments, or symbols, via a partitioning process. A data-mining-based algorithm was proposed to find symbols that are not present in all instances of a sleeping activity. Finally, a measuring process was responsible for evaluating the changes in these symbols. Experimental evaluation conducted on a group of datasets of older adults showed that the proposed method is able to identify progressive changes in sleeping activity.
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Lab of Embedded System Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PRC.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Lab of Embedded System Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PRC Network & Services Department, Institut Mines-Télécom/Télécom SudPais, Evry Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, USA.
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Lab of Embedded System Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PRC.
authors.forename: Xingshe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Key Lab of Embedded System Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PRC.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: change identification; daily routine; older adults; progressive change; sleeping