title: Impact of an undergraduate course on medical students' self-perceived nutrition intake and self-efficacy to improve their health behaviours and counselling practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Doctors are increasingly involved in the management of chronic disease and counsel patients about their lifestyle behaviours, including nutrition, to improve their health outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the impact of a medical undergraduate course containing nutrition content on medical students' self-perceived nutrition intake and self-efficacy to improve their health behaviours and counselling practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 239 medical students enrolled in a 12-week nutrition-related course at The University of Auckland were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire before and after the course. The questionnaire was adapted from a previous evaluation of a preventive medicine and nutrition course at Harvard Medical School.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one medical students completed both pre- and post-course questionnaires (25.5%). At baseline, medical students described their eating habits to be more healthy than non-medical students (p=0.0261). Post-course, medical students reported a higher frequency of whole-grain food intake (p=0.0229). Medical students also reported being less comfortable making nutrition recommendations to family and friends post-course (p=0.008). Most medical students (63.9%) perceived increased awareness of their own dietary choices, and some (15.3%) reported an increased likelihood to counsel patients on lifestyle behaviour post-course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students can increase awareness of their own nutrition behaviour after undertaking a course that includes nutrition in the initial phase of their medical degree. Further investigation of how medical students' confidence to provide nutrition advice evolves throughout their training and in future practice is required.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, PB 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. jcro057@aucklanduni.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: Griffith Health Institute, Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Leveritt
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arroll
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Dug Yeo
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003376:Counseling / Q000592:standards*; D003479:Curriculum; D004032:Diet; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult