title: Sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for early stage gastric cancer.
abstract: We attempted to evaluate the history of sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS), technical aspects, tracers, and clinical applications of SNNS using Infrared Ray Electronic Endoscopes (IREE) combined with Indocyanine Green (ICG). The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is defined as a first lymph node (LN) which receives cancer cells from a primary tumor. Reports on clinical application of SNNS for gastric cancers started to appear since early 2000s. Two prospective multicenter trials of SNNS for gastric cancer have also been accomplished in Japan. Kitagawa et al reported that the endoscopic dual (dye and radioisotope) tracer method for SN biopsy was confirmed acceptable and effective when applied to the early-stage gastric cancer (EGC). We have previously reported the usefulness of SNNS in gastrointestinal cancer using ICG as a tracer, combined with IREE (Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan) to detect SLN. LN metastasis rate of EGC is low. Hence, clinical application of SNNS for EGC might lead us to avoid unnecessary LN dissection, which could preserve the patient's quality of life after operation. The most ideal method of SNNS should allow secure and accurate detection of SLN, and real time observation of lymphatic flow during operation.
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nimura
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.affiliation: Norio Mitsumori, Hiroshi Nimura, Naoto Takahashi, Masahiko Kawamura, Hiroaki Aoki, Atsuo Shida, Nobuo Omura, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Department of surgery, the Jikei University School of Medicine, Nisi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaga
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011788:Quality of Life; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Gastric cancer; Indocyanine Green; Infrared Ray Electronic Endoscopes; Sentinel node navigation surgery