title: Long-term results of hepatic hydatid disease managed using palanivelu hydatid system: Indian experience in tertiary center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incidence of hepatic hydatid disease is increasing due to globalization. Surgery is the gold standard treatment. Laparoscopy has gained enough evidence regarding its safety and efficacy. Complete evacuation of hydatid contents without spillage remains a challenge. We aimed to determine long-term results of hepatic hydatid disease managed laparoscopically using palanivelu hydatid system (PHS) at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five patients underwent laparoscopic surgical management using the PHS at our institute from May 1997 to May 2013. Clinical presentations, surgical strategy, postoperative morbidity, and long-term recurrence rate were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 105 patients, 76 were male and 29 female with a mean age of 32 years (range 14-71 years). The most common presentation was abdominal pain in 61 patients (58%). Sixteen patients had multiple cysts of which nine had involvement of both lobes. Seventy-seven (73.3%) cysts were uncomplicated. Nineteen (18.09%) had a cyst-biliary communication, two were ruptured cysts, and seven were recurrent cysts. All patients underwent successful laparoscopic management where conservative surgery was performed in 94 patients and radical surgery in 11 patients. Post-operative morbidity was seen in 18 (17.14 %) patients, which included deep cavity infection in two cases, post-operative bile leak in 13 cases, and duodenal injury in one case without any mortality. Mean long-term follow-up was 36 months (range 6 months-5 years) with recurrence in two cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our long-term results with PHS showed good outcomes in the laparoscopic management of hepatic hydatid disease with conservative surgery as the preferred approach reserving radical surgery only in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: HPB Department, GEM Hospital and Research Center, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramnathpuram, Coimbatore, 641045, Tamil Nadu, India, senthilnathan94@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senthilnathan
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inamdar
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Nalankilli
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajapandian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parthsarathi
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palanivelu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000517:prevention & control; D004444:Echinococcosis, Hepatic / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D055815:Young Adult