title: Group psychoeducative cognitive-behaviour therapy for mixed anxiety and depression with older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a dearth of older adult evidence regarding the group treatment for co-morbid anxiety and depression. This research evaluated the effectiveness of a low-intensity group psychoeducational approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients attended six sessions of a manualised cognitive-behavioural group. Validated measures of anxiety, depression and psychological well-being were taken at assessment, termination and six-week follow-up from patients, who also rated the alliance and their anxiety/depression at each group session. Staff rated patients regarding their functioning at assessment, termination and six-week follow-up. Outcomes were categorised according to whether patients had recovered, improved, deteriorated or been harmed. Effect sizes were compared to extant group interventions for anxiety and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight groups were completed with 34 patients, with a drop-out rate of 17%. Staff and patient rated outcome measures showed significant improvements (with small effect sizes) in assessment to termination and assessment to follow-up comparisons. Over one quarter (26.47%) of patients met the recovery criteria at follow-up and no patients were harmed. Outcomes for anxiety were better than for depression with the alliance in groups stable over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention evaluated shows clinical and organisational promise. The group approach needs to be further developed and tested in research with greater methodological control.
authors.affiliation: a Older Adults Psychology , Sheffield Health & Social Care NHS Trust , Sheffield , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Manreesh Kaur
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.forename: Shonagh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kellett
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saxon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CBT; anxiety; co-morbid; depression; group