title: To sense or not to sense viral RNA--essentials of coronavirus innate immune evasion.
abstract: An essential function of innate immunity is to distinguish self from non-self and receptors have evolved to specifically recognize viral components and initiate the expression of antiviral proteins to restrict viral replication. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that replicate in the host cytoplasm and evade innate immune sensing in most cell types, either passively by hiding their viral signatures and limiting exposure to sensors or actively, by encoding viral antagonists to counteract the effects of interferons. Since many cytoplasmic viruses exploit similar mechanisms of innate immune evasion, mechanistic insight into the direct interplay between viral RNA, viral RNA-processing enzymes, cellular sensors and antiviral proteins will be highly relevant to develop novel antiviral targets and to restrict important animal and human infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Bern, and Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kindler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Bern, and Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: Volker.Thiel@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thiel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic