title: Factors delaying recovery after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the factors influencing delayed functional recovery in patients with a distal radius fracture treated by volar plate fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 122 patients with a distal radius fracture treated by volar locking plate were enrolled. The wrist range of motion, grip strength, and functional outcome by the Michigan hand score were assessed 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The factors assessed for their influence on delayed functional recovery include age, sex, bone mineral density (BMD), hand dominance, the type of fracture, the energy of trauma, the time to surgery, and the duration of immobilization. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of delayed functional recovery in terms of the Michigan hand score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in the wrist range of motion in patients with a high-energy trauma, severe type fracture, or increase in duration of immobilization at month 3, whereas only a severe fracture type was associated with a decreased range of motion after 6 and 12 months. An increase in age, a decrease in BMD, and high-energy trauma reduced grip strength at months 3 and 6, whereas only an increase in age and a decrease in BMD reduced grip strength at month 12. According to the multivariate regression analysis, severe type fracture and high-energy trauma reduced functional outcomes at months 3 and 6. Conversely, at month 12, an increase in age and a decrease in BMD reduced functional outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in age and a decrease in BMD were important risk factors influencing delayed functional recovery up to 12 months after distal radius fracture surgery, whereas fracture severity and high-energy trauma were associated with decreased functional outcomes up to 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prognostic II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Beom Koo
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: bestknee@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Goo Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D017102:Fracture Healing; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053401:Palmar Plate / Q000601:surgery*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Distal radius fractures; functional recovery; risk factors; volar plate fixation