title: LC-MS/MS analysis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue proteomes in young goats with focus on innate immunity and inflammation related proteins.
abstract: The endocrine role of adipose tissue and its involvement in several physiological and pathological processes are well recognized. Studies on human, mouse and rat adipose tissues have made clear that subcutaneous and visceral deposits play different roles, which is also reflected by different protein and gene expression patterns. In ruminants, fat tissues play important biological roles not only for animal health, but also for quality and gain in meat and milk production. Yet very few studies have explored the ruminant adipose tissue proteomes. The aim of our study was to compare subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of goat, focusing on proteins involved in immune and inflammatory response. A 2-D LC-MS/MS approach followed by cluster analysis shows a clear distinction between subcutaneous and visceral fat tissue proteomes, and qualitative RT-PCR based analysis of 30 potential adipokines further confirmed the individual expression patterns of 26 of these, including 7 whose mRNA expression was observed for the first time in adipose tissues. This study provides a first description of adipose tissue proteomes in goat, and presents observations on novel proteins related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways. The mass spectrometry data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD000564.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proteomic analysis of different subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue deposits showed tissue specific differences in protein expressions of well known as well as novel adipokines. This highlights the importance of sampling site when studying adipose tissue's metabolic roles. The protein expression characteristics of adipose tissues was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, and confirmed that adipose tissues play a central role in controlling inflammation, detoxification and coagulation pathways, as well as regulation of body fat mobilization in dairy animals. These findings are of particular interest in farm animals where health and production traits are important for animal welfare and for economic gains.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: laura.restelli@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Restelli
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marius Cosmin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Codrea
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; CISMA, Interdepartmental Center for Studies on the MAmmary gland, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savoini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; CISMA, Interdepartmental Center for Studies on the MAmmary gland, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceciliani
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Emoke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bendixen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D030562:Databases, Protein; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D020543:Proteome / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: Adipokines; Goat; LC-MS/MS; Subcutaneous adipose tissue; Visceral adipose tissue