title: Preparation and functional studies of hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with anti-human death receptor 5 single-chain antibody.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prepare hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with anti-human death receptor 5 single-chain antibody, and study their characteristics, functions, and mechanisms of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-human death receptor 5 single-chain antibody was constructed and expressed. Protein-loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles were prepared, and their size, morphology, particle-size distribution and surface zeta potential were measured by scanning electron microscopy and laser particle-size analysis. Mouse H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells were cultured, and growth inhibition was examined using the CellTiter-Blue cell-viability assay. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 were employed to measure cell apoptosis. Kunming mice with H22 tumor models were treated with protein-loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles, and their body weight and tumor size were measured, while hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect antitumor effects in vivo and side effects from tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein-loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles had good stability; the zeta potential was -24.2±0.205, and the dispersion index was 0.203. The inhibition of the protein-loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles on H22 growth was both time- and dose-dependent. Increased expressions of active caspase 8, active caspase 3, and BAX were detected following treatment. The average weight gain, tumor weight, and mean tumor volume of the protein and protein-loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticle groups were significantly different (P<0.05) compared with the phosphate-buffered saline group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protein-loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan nanoparticles effectively suppressed tumor growth, indicating that nanotechnology has the potential for broad application in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China ; Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China ; Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fanghong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lianna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China ; Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruyi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China ; Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Fujian, People's Republic of China ; Organ transplantation institution, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
keywords: DR5; GCS-aDR5ScFv; H22; anticancer effect