title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Aconitum gymnandrum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aconitum gymnandrum is a Chinese traditional herb used as carminative and analgesic. In this study, A. gymnandrum was used as an experimental matrix.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optimized ultrasonic extraction technology of total flavonoids from the A. gymnandrum Maxim was studied by using the methodology of single factor and orthogonal design to study the effects of operation conditions, such as ethanol content, ultrasonic wave power, temperature, ultrasonic wave radiation time, and the ratio of sample weight to solvent volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  THROUGH THE ORTHOGONAL EXPERIMENT, THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION CONDITIONS WERE DETERMINED AS FOLLOWS: Ultrasonic power 100 W, ultrasonic temperature 45°C, 60% ethyl alcohol, extraction time 30 min, and solid-liquid ratio 1:20.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the optimum parameters, the extraction ratio of total flavonoids from the A. gymnandrum Maxim is about 1.278%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Middle Section, Baoguang Road, Xindu Region, Chengdu 610 500, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Traditional Herbal, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road, Wenjiang Region, Chengdu 611 130, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Traditional Herbal, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road, Wenjiang Region, Chengdu 611 130, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Traditional Herbal, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road, Wenjiang Region, Chengdu 611 130, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Middle Section, Baoguang Road, Xindu Region, Chengdu 610 500, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Traditional Herbal, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road, Wenjiang Region, Chengdu 611 130, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: Aconitum gymnandrum; orthogonal design; total flavonoids; ultrasound-assisted extraction