title: Soluble urokinase receptor is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In various non-CKD populations, suPAR has been proposed as a prognostic marker for mortality and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not known whether suPAR holds prognostic information in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD. In a prospective observational study of 476 patients with mild-to-moderate kidney disease, we examined multivariate associations between suPAR, overall mortality, and cardiovascular events. After a mean follow-up of 57 months, 52 patients died and 76 patients had at least one fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular event. Higher suPAR was directly and significantly associated with both overall mortality (univariate hazard ratio 5.35) and cardiovascular events (univariate hazard ratio 5.06). In multivariate analysis, suPAR remained significantly associated with cardiovascular events (full model, hazard ratio 3.05). Thus, in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD, suPAR concentrations show a clear, direct, and graded association with a higher risk for new-onset cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meijers
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poesen
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bammens
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sprangers
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naesens
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storr
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.affiliation: 1] UZ Leuven, Department of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium [2] KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Evenepoel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator