title: Experience with OxyELITE pro and acute liver injury in active duty service members.
abstract: 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a common additive in sport supplements that was banned by the FDA in 2013. Specifically, this additive received much publication for its role in causing adverse cardiovascular events, particularly sudden cardiac death. However, it has been our experience that products containing this additive may also lead to acute liver injury and liver failure. We present a series of seven cases encountered by a military treatment facility in Southern California which involved the use of OxyELITE Pro, a sport supplement containing DMAA, that all resulted in acute liver injury with two cases requiring transplant for acute liver failure. To our knowledge, this is the first case series reported involving OxyELITE Pro or other DMAA-containing supplements with a specific focus on acute liver injury. This review is limited by the paucity of clinical studies and trials based on OxyElite Pro and its effect on the liver. The presented cases are notably observation, and no standardized diagnostic or treatment protocol was utilized. This series is important to the general population as a whole due to the prevalence of sport supplement use, and is particularly important for practitioners who work with the military or athletic populations due to the high use in these demographics. These cases are followed by a brief discussion regarding DMAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr., San Diego, CA, 92134, USA, sean.foley@med.navy.mil.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Butlin
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001378:Azasteroids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001378:Azasteroids; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; C031563:17-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one