title: Utility of hand-held echocardiography in outpatient pediatric cardiology management.
abstract: Adult patient series have shown hand-held echocardiography (echo) units (HHE) to be accurate for rapid diagnosis and triage. This is the first study to evaluate the ability of HHE to inform decision making in outpatient pediatric cardiology. New pediatric cardiology patients in outpatient clinics staffed by six pediatric cardiologists (experience 1-17 years) were prospectively enrolled if an echocardiogram (echo) was ordered during their initial visit. After history and physical examination and before a standard echo, the cardiologists performed a bedside HHE examination (GE Vscan 1.7-3.8 MHz), documented findings, and made a clinical decision. Diagnoses and decisions based on HHE were compared with final management after the standard echo. The study enrolled 101 subjects (ages 9 days to 19 years). The cardiologists considered HHE imaging adequate for decision making for 80 of the 101 subjects. For 77 of the 80 subjects with acceptable HHE imaging (68/68 normal and 9/12 abnormal standard echoes), the HHE-based primary diagnoses and decisions agreed with the final management. The sensitivity of HHE was 75 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 43-94 %) and the positive predictive value 100 % (95 % CI 66-100 %) for pediatric heart disease. The agreement between standard echocardiography and HHE imaging was substantial (κ = 0.82). Excluding one of the least experienced cardiologists, HHE provided the basis for correct cardiac diagnoses and management for all the subjects with acceptable HHE imaging (58/58 normal and 9/9 abnormal echoes). In outpatient pediatric cardiology, HHE has potential as a tool to complement physical examination. Further investigation is needed to evaluate how value improves with clinical experience.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA, afriley@texaschildrens.org.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sable
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spurney
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harahsheh
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clauss
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colyer
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gierdalski
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Gail D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002309:Cardiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D055815:Young Adult