title: Impact of texting on young drivers' behavior and safety on urban and rural roads through a simulation experiment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research aims to investigate the impact of texting on the behavior and safety of young drivers on urban and rural roads.
  
  
  METHODS
  A driving simulator experiment was carried out in which 34 young participants drove in different driving scenarios; specifically, driving in good weather, in raining conditions, in daylight and in night were examined. Lognormal regression methods were used to investigate the influence of texting as well as various other parameters on the mean speed and mean reaction time. Binary logistic methods were used to investigate the influence of texting use as well as various other parameters in the probability of an accident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It appears that texting leads to statistically significant decrease of the mean speed and increase of the mean reaction time in urban and rural road environment. Simultaneously, it leads to an increased accident probability due to driver distraction and delayed reaction at the moment of the incident. It appeared that drivers using mobile phones with a touch screen present different driving behavior with respect to their speed, however, they had an even higher probability of being involved in an accident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of the distracted driving performance of drivers who are texting while driving may allow for the identification of measures for the improvement of driving performance (e.g., restrictive measures, training and licensing, information campaigns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of some of the parameters that have an impact on the behavior and safety of young drivers concerning texting and the consequent results can be exploited by policy decision makers in future efforts for the improvement of road safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Planning Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5, Iroon Polytechniou str, 15773, Zografou Campus, Greece. Electronic address: geyannis@central.ntua.gr.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yannis
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Planning Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5, Iroon Polytechniou str, 15773, Zografou Campus, Greece. Electronic address: alaiou@central.ntua.gr.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Planning Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5, Iroon Polytechniou str, 15773, Zografou Campus, Greece. Electronic address: ppapant@central.ntua.gr.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papantoniou
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Planning Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5, Iroon Polytechniou str, 15773, Zografou Campus, Greece. Electronic address: pambos20@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christoforou
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving; D040421:Cell Phone; D002947:Cities; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012424:Rural Population; D012449:Safety; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D060145:Text Messaging; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Reaction time; Regression; Road accidents; Speed; Texting