title: Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to determine the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamins C and E) in aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, aqueous humor of POAG (n = 30) and PACG (n = 30) patients was obtained. For control, aqueous humor of 30 age-matched cataract patients (n = 30) was collected. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were measured spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities was found in aqueous humor of POAG and PACG patients as compared to cataract patients (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in catalase activity. The levels of vitamins C and E were significantly lower in the aqueous humor of POAG and PACG as compared to cataract patients (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a significant increase in oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of POAG and PACG. Determination of oxidative stress in aqueous humor may help in understanding the course of this disease, and oxidative damage might be a relevant target for both prevention and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India and.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Arpna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Ramanjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sihota
authors.forename: Jasbir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaur
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000378:metabolism*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; cataract; glaucoma; vitamin C; vitamin E