title: Outcomes of strabismus surgery with or without trainee participation as surgeon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare success rates of strabismus surgery that involves trainees versus those performed solely by staff surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing eye muscle surgery for primarily horizontal deviations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative case series of 543 patients (921 eyes) undergoing eye muscle surgery, with or without trainee participation, for horizontal deviations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Success in surgery defined as residual horizontal deviations of 10 prism diopters or less.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trainees were involved in surgeries on 396 patients (672 eyes), whereas only staff surgeons operated on 147 patients (249 eyes). After minimum follow-up of 8 weeks, there was no overall significant difference between the success rates of procedures that involved trainees as surgeons and those that did not (P = 0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The involvement of trainees as operators in surgeries on horizontal eye muscles does not result in a worse outcome than surgeries exclusively performed by staff. With a shift toward competency-based education and more scrutiny of patient outcomes, these data further support the quality of surgical care provided by trainees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Viraj Jayesh
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Virginia Miraldi
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Utz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Elias I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Traboulsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Executive Administration, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: rychwalski@me.com.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rychwalski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*