title: Is T-stage the only significant factor determining the extent of surgery for gallbladder cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T-stage is currently the only factor determining the extent of surgery of gallbladder cancer (GBCA). We hypothesized that perineural invasion could be another predictive factor determining the extent of surgery because it is very powerful prognostic factor for GBCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was carried out of patients who underwent operation for gallbladder cancer between February 1991 and November 2011. The data were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed and the microscopic findings were checked by a pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simple and extended cholecystectomy was performed in 82 patients during the study period. In univariate analysis, CA 19-9 level, gross type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, perineural invasion, lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion were associated with survival (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, perineural invasion and vascular invasion had an impact on survival (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T and N stage are powerful prognostic factor for GBCA, but perineural invasion and vascular invasion are also significant prognostic factors. To improve survival radical resection should be considered in early GBCA with perineural and vascular invasion.
authors.forename: Yong Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Kyeong Geun
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010524:Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D012189:Retrospective Studies