title: DNA photoprotection conveyed by sunscreen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin photoaging is the consequence of solar UV exposure, and DNA damage is an important part of this process. The objective of the current work was to demonstrate that in vitro skin models can be utilized to confirm that DNA damage protection is provided by sunscreens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin equivalents were exposed to full-spectrum UV light administered with a standard research solar simulator with and without pre-application of sunscreen. Cyclopyrimidine dimer (CPD) and sunburn cell (SBC) formation as well as CPD quantitation were evaluated to determine DNA damage protection provided by the sunscreen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked decreases in both CPDs and SBCs were observed when sunscreen was applied prior to UV exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sunscreen application prior to full-spectrum solar UV exposure protects DNA from photodamage measured by CPD and SBC formation. This can be expected to lessen the risk of photoaging and malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Innovative Skincare, Burbank, California, USA.
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeHaven
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armento
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldach
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013471:Sunburn / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA damage; apoptosis; cyclopyrimidine dimer; photoaging; sunburn cell; sunscreens