title: Subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee: review of imaging findings.
abstract: Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee (SIFK) is a potentially devastating disorder that may progress rapidly to osteoarthritis with articular surface collapse. It should be suspected in the appropriate clinical setting, as in early stages it is usually indistinct on initial plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging is required for a definitive diagnosis. Outcome of SIFK depends on several factors, including the initial subchondral fracture size, patient BMI, degree of osteopenia, as well as early diagnosis and initial treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, image findings, complications and outcome of SIFK.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Department of Radiology, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.affiliation: University of Padova, Istituto di Radiologia, Padova, Italy gpasquotti@libero.it.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasquotti
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Department of Radiology, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Department of Radiology, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Akhil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bryson P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lesniak
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Lee D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
keywords: Joint diseases; bone fractures; knee; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); osteopenia