title: Psychological characteristics of Korean children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the behavioral and emotional characteristics of Korean children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as compared to healthy controls, and examines whether their psychological status is associated with glycemic control, insulin regimens, or disease duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 37 Korean children and adolescents with T1DM, aged 6-17 years, and 38 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Psychological distress was assessed using the Korean child behavior checklist (K-CBCL) and children's depression inventory (CDI) after the subjects and their parents were interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CDI and K-CBCL scores were significantly higher in T1DM subjects compared to normal controls. The T1DM subjects with "poorly controlled" blood glucose (glycosylated hemoglobin ≥8%) and "old patients" (disease duration ≥1 year) had a tendency to show higher CDI and K-CBCL scores. There were no significant differences in CDI and K-CBCL scores between the intensive and conventional insulin therapy groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with T1DM seem to have inferior psychological adjustment to their normal counterparts, which might be associated with glycemic control and disease duration. Psychological evaluation and intervention should be considered in the management of T1DM in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunhe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kee-Hyoung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Rhie
keywords: CDI; Diabetes; K-CBCL; Psychosocial; Type 1 diabetes mellitus