title: Plant host and soil origin influence fungal and bacterial assemblages in the roots of woody plants.
abstract: Microbial communities in plant roots provide critical links between above- and belowground processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Variation in root communities has been attributed to plant host effects and microbial host preferences, as well as to factors pertaining to soil conditions, microbial biogeography and the presence of viable microbial propagules. To address hypotheses regarding the influence of plant host and soil biogeography on root fungal and bacterial communities, we designed a trap-plant bioassay experiment. Replicate Populus, Quercus and Pinus plants were grown in three soils originating from alternate field sites. Fungal and bacterial community profiles in the root of each replicate were assessed through multiplex 454 amplicon sequencing of four loci (i.e., 16S, SSU, ITS, LSU rDNA). Soil origin had a larger effect on fungal community composition than did host species, but the opposite was true for bacterial communities. Populus hosted the highest diversity of rhizospheric fungi and bacteria. Root communities on Quercus and Pinus were more similar to each other than to Populus. Overall, fungal root symbionts appear to be more constrained by dispersal and biogeography than by host availability.
authors.affiliation: Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, VIC., 3141, Australia; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonito
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Robeson
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Brendan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hodkinson
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tuskan
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Schadt
authors.forename: Rytas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vilgalys
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D064307:Microbiota; D028223:Pinus / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D032107:Populus / Q000382:microbiology; D029963:Quercus / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000145:classification*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil
keywords: 454 pyrosequencing; Glomeromycota; Pinus; Populus; Quercus; bacterial communities; fungal communities; phylotyping; root endophytes