title: Catheter-based renal denervation for treatment of patients with treatment-resistant hypertension: 36 month results from the SYMPLICITY HTN-2 randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine long-term results of renal artery denervation for treatment of treatment-resistant hypertension in the SYMPLICITY HTN-2 study.
  
  
  METHODS
  SYMPLICITY HTN-2 randomized 106 subjects with treatment-resistant hypertension to renal denervation or medical therapy alone. At 6 months, 37 control subjects crossed over to renal denervation. Office blood pressure measurements, antihypertensive medication use, and safety events were followed every 6 months through 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up was available at 36 months in 40 of 52 subjects in the initial renal denervation group and at 30 months in 30 of 37 subjects who crossed over and received renal denervation at 6 months. Baseline blood pressure was 184 ± 19/99 ± 16 mmHg in all treated subjects. At 30-month post-procedure, systolic blood pressure decreased 34 mmHg (95% CI: -40, -27, P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure decreased 13 mmHg (95% CI: -16, -10, P < 0.01). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction at 36 months for the initial renal denervation group was -33 mmHg (95% CI: -40, -25, P < 0.01) and -14 mmHg (95% CI: -17, -10, P < 0.01), respectively. Procedural complications included one haematoma, and one renal artery dissection before energy delivery that was treated successfully. Later complications included two cases of acute renal failure, which fully resolved, 15 hypertensive events requiring hospitalization, and three deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal denervation resulted in sustained lowering of blood pressure at 3 years in a selected population of subjects with severe, treatment-resistant hypertension without serious safety concerns.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00888433.
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Monash University, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia murray.esler@bakeridi.edu.au.
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Esler
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinium des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.affiliation: CardioVaskuläres Centrum, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rump
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hypertension of the University Hospital, Clinical Research Competence Center of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schmieder
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinium des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahfoud
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Monash University, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
authors.forename: Markus P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Schlaich
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Renal denervation; Resistant hypertension; Symplicity