title: Relationship between plasma apelin level and coronary collateral circulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary collaterals play a crucial role during an acute ischemic attack. Angiogenesis has an important role in the formation of coronary collateral vessels. Previously, it was shown that apelin is a potential angiogenetic factor. Thus, we aimed to investigate relationship between plasma apelin levels and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with stable angina pectoris, patients with a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop-Cohen classification. Patients with grade 2 or 3 collateral degree were included in good collateral group and patients with grade 0 or 1 collateral degree were included in poor collateral group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma apelin level was significantly higher in good collateral group (0.69 ± 0.2 vs 0.59 ± 0.2 ng/dl, p < 0.001). Serum nitric oxide levels were similar between two groups. In multivariate regression analysis apelin [6.95 (1.46-33.15), p = 0.015] and presence of total occlusion [4.40 (1.04-18.62), p = 0.044] remained as independent predictors for good coronary collateral development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher plasma apelin level was related to better coronary collateral development. Demonstration of favorable affects of apelin on good collateral development may lead to consider apelin in antiischemic treatment strategies in order to increase collateral development.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health Etimesgut State Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: mkakboga@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet Kadri
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Akboga
authors.affiliation: Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akyel
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asife
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahinarslan
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan Yilmaz
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Demirtas
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cagri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yayla
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boyaci
authors.affiliation: Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ridvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yalcin
mesh_terms: D000073861:Apelin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D015415:Biomarkers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Angiogenesis; Apelin; Collateral circulation; Coronary artery disease