title: Deciphering the genetic blueprint behind Holstein milk proteins and production.
abstract: Holstein is known to provide higher milk yields than most other cattle breeds, and the dominant position of Holstein today is the result of various selection pressures. Holstein cattle have undergone intensive selection for milk production in recent decades, which has left genome-wide footprints of domestication. To further characterize the bovine genome, we performed whole-genome resequencing analysis of 10 Holstein and 11 Hanwoo cattle to identify regions containing genes as outliers in Holstein, including CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, and KIT whose products are likely involved in the yield and proteins of milk and their distinctive black-and-white markings. In addition, genes indicative of positive selection were associated with cardiovascular disease, which is related to simultaneous propagation of genetic defects, also known as inbreeding depression in Holstein.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Population Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaCHO&KIM Genomics, SNU Research Park, Seoul National University Mt.4-2, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaemin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Population Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taeheon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Baek
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Tai
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Breeding & Genetics, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwanghyeon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Dairy Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eung Gi
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Population Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungrye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: CHO&KIM Genomics, SNU Research Park, Seoul National University Mt.4-2, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woori
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: CHO&KIM Genomics, SNU Research Park, Seoul National University Mt.4-2, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seoae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Population Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea heebal@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Heebal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle; D016678:Genome; D005838:Genotype; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: Hanwoo; Holstein; domestication; milk production; milk protein; positive selection