title: Prospective study of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and sentinel node biopsy in the staging of clinically negative T1 and T2 oral cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for preoperative evaluation of the N0 neck in T1 to T2 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one consecutive patients with T1 to T2 N0 oral cavity SCC were included in this study. Preoperative ultrasound was performed in all patients. Ultrasound-guided FNAC was performed in patients in whom the ultrasound result was reported as indeterminate or positive. SNB was done in all patients followed by elective neck dissection (END). Histopathology of END was considered as the gold standard for all statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of occult metastasis was 26.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 71.4%, 100%, 100%, and 90.2% for SNB and 14.3%, 100%, 100%, and 76.5% for ultrasound-guided FNAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided FNAC lacked sufficient accuracy to detect occult metastases. SNB is a reliable method to detect occult metastasis that has potential to replace END.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Supreeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rangarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Shubhada V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Devendra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chaukar
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Prathamesh S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Gouri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantvaidya
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Anuja D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Archi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: clinically negative neck; oral cancer; sentinel node biopsy; ultrasound; ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology