title: Microbial response to repeated treatments of manure containing sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline in soil.
abstract: Substantive addition of antibiotic-contaminated manure to agricultural soil may lead to "persistent" residues of antibiotics and may affect soil health. Therefore, this study examines the effects of repeated manure treatments containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues, both individually and combined, on the functional diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in the soils under laboratory conditions. The average well color development (AWCD), Simpson diversity index (1/D, dominant populations), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H', richness), and McIntosh diversity index (U, evenness) in the antibiotics-treated soils decreased in the first 60-day treatment and then gradually recovered or even exceeded the initial level in the unamended soils with increasing treatment frequency. A total of 11 specific bands in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiles were observed and sequence analyzed for five repeated treatments, and most of them belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. These results indicate that repeated treatments of manure containing SDZ and CTC residues can alter soil microbial community structure, although they have a temporary suppression effect on soil microbial functional diversity.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yu L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yuan M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiang X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shao Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yun L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008372:Manure; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D002751:Chlortetracycline
keywords: Sulfadiazine; chlortetracycline; community structure; functional diversity; repeated treatment