title: Craniofacial anthropometry in newborns of Sikkimese origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Head and face dimensions vary according to race and geographical zone. Hereditary factors also greatly affect the size and shape of the head. There are important medical applications of craniofacial data specific to different racial and ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various cranial and facial anthropometric parameters were assessed in singleton, healthy, full-term newborns of Sikkimese origin in a tertiary care hospital in Sikkim, India. The data were then analysed to determine statistically significant differences between sexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five newborns were included in the study. Both male and female newborns were observed to be hyperbrachycephalic and hyperleptoprosopic. The only significant difference between the sexes was in commissural length, which was observed to be greater in male newborns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniofacial parameters in Sikkimese newborns vary in comparison with those of other newborns from around the world. Larger studies are needed in order to reveal sex-related variations. Similar studies on various racial groups in North-East India are needed to establish standards for populations with East Asian features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy,Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences,Gangtok,India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy,Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences,Gangtok,India.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tamang
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT,Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences,Gangtok,India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012015:Reference Standards; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012819:Sikkim / Q000208:ethnology; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*