title: The influence of aripiprazole, olanzapine and enriched environment on depressant-like behavior, spatial memory dysfunction and hippocampal level of BDNF in prenatally stressed rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive function deficits caused by impaired neurogenesis of the brain structures are considered an important pathogenic factor in many neurological and mental diseases such as schizophrenia and depression. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the enriched environment on cognitive functions and antidepressant-like effect of prenatally stressed rats. It was important to determine the effect of aripiprazole ARI and olanzapine OLA and clarify whether the enriched environment induces increases in brain derived neurothropic factor BDNF in the hippocampus in the prenatally stressed group (PSG) and non-stressed control group (NSCG).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of chronic stress applied to pregnant rats and the use of ARI (1.5mg/kg ip) and OLA (0.5mg/kg ip) were studied in the Morris water maze (MWM), Porsolt Forced swimming test (FST) and by determining BDNF levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that enriched environment improved spatial memory and also had an antidepressant-like effect on prenatally stressed rats. ARI improved spatial memory both in the NSCG and PSG, while OLA caused memory improvement only in the PSG. Moreover, both ARI and OLA reduced immobility time in the NSCG and PSG. In PSG rats, BDNF decrease was observed while chronic treatment with ARI and OLA increased BDNF levels in the hippocampi of NSCG and PSG rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been confirmed that enriched environment improves spatial memory of animals, removes symptoms of stress, has an antidepressant-like effect, and that new neuroleptics, such as ARI or OLA, modulate these functions (increased BDNF).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: elapharm@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cichocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woźniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D000077152:Olanzapine
keywords: Aripiprazole; BDNF; Enriched environment; Olanzapine; Prenatally stressed rats