title: Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases: relevance to Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Mitochondrial dysfunctions are supposed to be responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases dominating in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). A growing body of evidence suggests that defects in mitochondrial metabolism and particularly of electron transport chain may play a role in pathogenesis of AD. Structurally and functionally damaged mitochondria do not produce sufficient ATP and are more prominent in producing proapoptotic factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and this can be an early stage of several mitochondrial disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunctions may be caused by both mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA that code mitochondrial components and by environmental causes. In the following review, common aspects of mitochondrial impairment concerned about neurodegenerative diseases are summarized including ROS production, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis. Also, damaged function of electron transport chain complexes and interactions between pathological proteins and mitochondria are described for AD particularly and marginally for PD and HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5448-1717
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hroudová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4628-7137
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdeněk
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3389-0287
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fišar
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species