title: [Intrathecal baclofen treatment for spasticity in childhood . initial report of long-term follow up in Japan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Initial outcome of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) treatment in Japan is being reported on.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronological change of the Ashworth scale and complications after surgery were analyzed. Data were obtained from 71 children with severe spasticity who had received ITB screening tests by the end of March 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pump implantations for ITB treatment were performed in 43 children out of 62 whose spasticity reduced after baclofen injection at the screening tests. Postoperative evaluations of ITB treatment were carried out within one year and, in some cases, more than 2 years after surgery. Complications related to baclofen were reported on 19 occasions in 12 children within one year of ITB pump implantation, and on 9 occasions in 4 children of the 21 who were followed for more than 2 years. Main complications were hypertonia of muscle, liver dysfunction, and low blood pressure. The frequency of complications was lower than that reported previously. There was no apparent evidence to indicate that complications developed more in children than in adults in this study. The postoperative values of Ashworth scale in the upper and lower extremities were reduced markedly when compared with preoperative levels, and the improvements were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of outcome of ITB for severely disabled children with spasticity in Japan. It was confirmed that ITB for children with severe spasticity is a safe and effective treatment.
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morota
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013035:Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen