title: Quantitative measurement of organic acids in tissues from gastric cancer patients indicates increased glucose metabolism in gastric cancer.
abstract: The levels of organic acids representing metabolic pathway end products are important indicators of physiological status, and may be associated with metabolic changes in cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the levels of organic acids in cancerous and normal tissues from gastric cancer patients and to confirm the role of metabolic alterations in gastric carcinogenesis. Organic acids in normal and cancerous tissues from forty-five patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode as methoxime/tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. We analysed the significant differences in the levels of organic acids in normal and cancer tissues and investigated the correlation of these levels in cancer tissues with clinicopathological features. The levels of Krebs cycle components, including α-ketoglutaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and oxaloacetic acid, were significantly increased in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. In addition, the levels of glycolytic products, including pyruvic acid and lactic acid, as well as the levels of ketone bodies, including 3-hydroxybutyric acid, were also significantly increased in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. The levels of ketone bodies in cancer tissues with differentiated histology and in intestinal-type cancer tissues were significantly increased. The organic acid profiling analysis described here may be a generally useful clinical tool for understanding the complexity of metabolic events in gastric adenocarcinoma, and organic acids may have potential as metabolic markers for the future discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Man Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Duc-Toan
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jisoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Kwan
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D005947:Glucose