title: The first population-based national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Ethiopia, 2010-2011.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of pulmonary TB among the general adult population aged ≥15 years in 2010-2011. METHOD A nationwide, cluster-sampled, stratified (urban/rural/pastoralist), cross-sectional survey was conducted in 85 selected clusters. All consenting participants were screened for TB using: 1) chest X-ray (CXR) and 2) an interview to screen for symptoms suggestive of TB disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 51,667 eligible individuals, 46,697 (90%) participated in the survey and completed at least the screening interview. CXR was performed among 46,548 (99.7%) participants. A total of 6080 (13%) participants were eligible for sputum examination. From the survey, it was estimated that in the national adult population 1) the prevalence of smear-positive TB was 108/100,000 (95%CI 73-143), and 2) that of bacteriologically confirmed TB was 277/100,000 (95%CI 208-347).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the TB burden was lower than previously thought, which may indicate better programme performance. However, a high proportion of TB among young persons suggests that TB is circulating in the community and that there is a need for more efforts to limit the spread of TB disease.
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kebede
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alebachew
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsegaye
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemma
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abebe
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agonafir
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kebede
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demissie
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Girmachew
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yaregal
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dana
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Getahun
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fiseha
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meaza
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dirse
authors.affiliation: Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Timimi
authors.affiliation: Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sismanidis
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadolini
authors.affiliation: Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Onozaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult