title: Unexplained syncope: implications of age and gender on patient characteristics and evaluation, the diagnostic yield of an implantable loop recorder, and the subsequent treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Syncope is a common clinical problem with a variety of underlying mechanisms, some of which occur more frequently in 1 of the sexes or at a certain age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  There may be clinically significant age- and gender-related differences in patients with unexplained syncope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred seventy patients (54% women) with unexplained syncope received an implantable loop recorder (ILR) and were followed until diagnosis or for at least 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were older and more prone to severe trauma during syncope (40.8% vs 29.9%, P = 0.007), and hospitalization was more common at ≥65 years (P = 0.003) without gender difference. Muscle spasms or grand mal seizures were more common in men and at <65 years old. Carotid sinus pressure, exercise testing, coronary angiography and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography scans were more commonly performed in men, whereas no test was more common in women. Tilt testing, exercise test, electroencephalography, and neurological or psychiatric evaluation were more common at ≥65 years. There were no age- or gender-related differences in the diagnostic yield of the ILR, whereas patients ≥65 years old more often received specific treatment based on ILR data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender and/or age had relevance for the clinical evaluation, rate of recurrence, and subsequent specific treatment but not for the diagnostic yield of the ILR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Edvardsson
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garutti
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Linker
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*