title: Nutritional status of breast-fed and non-exclusively breast-fed infants from birth to age 5 months in 8 Chinese cities.
abstract: This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of infants aged 0 to 5 months by different feeding approaches. A cross-sectional study on infant nutrition was performed in eight cities in China. A total of 622 infants from birth to 2 months of age and 456 infants from 3 months to 5 months of age were included in this study. Mix-fed infants received breast milk and complementary foods from birth to 2 months of age. Approximately 38.2% of mix-fed infants received excessive vitamin A, and 15.6% of infants exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) of zinc. For artificially fed infants who received only complementary foods, approximately 20% and 12.5% infants received inadequate dietary vitamin A and zinc intakes, respectively. The vitamin A and zinc intakes of half of the infants exceeded the ULs. Results showed that the usual intake distribution of the infants from 3 months to 5 months of age were similar to that of the infants from birth to 2 months of age. The common vitamin A and zinc intakes were also severely imbalanced. In addition, higher disease prevalence and lower Z scores of length-forage, weight-for-age, and weight-for-length were found in artificially fed infants and mix-fed infants compared with those in breast-fed infants. In conclusion, the usual nutrient intakes were adequate for the majority of Chinese infants, except for an important number of infants at risk for imbalance of vitamin A and zinc intakes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. zhangyumei111@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Defu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yibing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Hongchong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Junkuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yingdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peiyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc