title: [Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of leukemia KG1-α cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on leukemia KG1-α cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  KG1-α cells were cultured in 96-well plate and harvested in the exponential phase. The cells were induced in the presence of different concentrations of Rg1, Rb1, Rh2 respectively for 24, 48, 72 hours. The conventional culture was performed in blank control group, and cytarabine hydrochloride as the positive control. The inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1, Rh2 on the growth of KG1-α cells were tested by CCK-8 assay. Then the most efficient ginsenoside was chosen for the further study by IC50. The effects of the ginsenoside Rh2 on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) combined with PI staining and annexin V-FITC/PI, respectively. The expressions of P53, P21, cyclin D1 and cleaved-caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCK-8 assay results showed that IC50 of ginsenoside Rh2, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1 and cytarabine were 75, 207, 268, 1058 μmol/L, respectively. Compared with those in blank control group, the KG1-α cells after treated with 75 μmol/L ginsenoside Rh2 showed up-regulated apoptosis rates from (5.37±0.02)% to (8.37±0.015)% at 24 hours and to (33.22±1.67)% at 48 hours (P<0.05). In addition, the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase increased significantly from (26.78±3.14)% to (29.26±2.31)% at 24 hours and to (44.77±2.26)% at 48 hours, and the percentage in S phase decreased significantly from (65.43±2.22)% to (51.46±0.57)% and (48.29±1.80)%, respectively. The expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3, P53 and P21 proteins went up significantly when the cells were treated with 75 μmol/L Rh2(P<0.05), meanwhile cyclin D1 protein dropped significantly (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ginsenoside Rh2 could inhibit the proliferation of KG1-α cell and prompt its apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Dilong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Danyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2