title: Pituitary apoplexy during pregnancy: a rare, but dangerous headache.
abstract: Pituitary apoplexy is a rare endocrine emergency that occurs in a small number of patients with a pituitary tumor. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of headache, nausea, vomiting, visual impairment, and decreased consciousness, caused by hemorrhage and/or infarction of the pituitary gland. Pituitary apoplexy has very rarely been described during pregnancy, when it is potentially life-threatening to both the mother and the fetus, if unrecognized. Only a few cases have been published to date. The review of the existing literature underlines that pituitary apoplexy, although rare, should be borne in mind when a pregnant woman presents with severe headache and visual defects of sudden onset. After initial management, which includes intravenous glucocorticoid therapy, fluid and electrolyte replacement, the final selection of medical or surgical treatment should result from a multidisciplinary approach involving expert specialists, keeping into account both severity of clinical presentation and gestational week.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Endocrine Unit, Ospedale di Circolo, viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy, eliana.piantanida@uninsubria.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piantanida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tanda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minotto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Azzolini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balbi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baruzzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartalena
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010899:Pituitary Apoplexy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy