title: Pancreatic head carcinoma and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) concentration in portal blood: its association with cancer grade, tumor size and probably poor prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. Although VEGF has been shown to be a probable marker for poor prognosis, the VEGF concentration in portal blood has not yet been clinically reported in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of the study was to measure VEGF-A portal blood concentration in patients with PDAC and to evaluate its performance as a prognostic marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six consecutive patients out of 57 operated on for pancreatic head lesion with pathologically verified diagnosis of PDAC were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the VEGF concentration in portal blood samples obtained intraoperatively and associated their values with tumor size, stage, grade and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The portal VEGF-A concentration was associated with tumor grade (G1: 80.52 ±43.05 vs. G2: 185.39 ±134.98, p = 0.006, G2: 185.39 ±134.98 vs. G3: 356.46 ±229.12, p = 0.08), and there was a positive correlation with tumor size (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis high levels of VEGF-A were not correlated with poor survival (HR = 5.22, 95% CI = -0.6457 to 3.9513, p = 0.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The portal VEGF-A concentration is associated with tumor grade and size. The correlation of portal VEGF-A with poor survival is not clear and needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogendorf
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durczyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumor
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strzelczyk
keywords: grade; pancreatic cancer; surgery; survival; vascular endothelial growth factor