title: Flavobacterium faecale sp. nov., an agarase-producing species isolated from stools of Antarctic penguins.
abstract: Taxonomic studies were performed on an agarase-producing strain, designated WV33(T), isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain WV33(T) were Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, orange and rod-shaped. Strain WV33(T) displayed agarase activity and was able to utilize galactose as a sole carbon source. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WV33(T) was closely related to Flavobacterium algicola TC2(T) (98.0% similarity), F. frigidarium ATCC 700810(T) (96.9%) and F. frigoris LMG 21922(T) (96.1%). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 1) G, iso-C(15 : 0), C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the sole quinone identified, and the major pigment was zeaxanthin. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain WV33(T) with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 25% for F. algicola NBRC 102673(T), 23% for F. frigidarium DSM 17623(T) and 21% for F. frigoris DSM 15719(T). The DNA G+C content of strain WV33(T) was 37±0.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain WV33(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium faecale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WV33(T) ( = KCTC 32457(T) = CECT 8384(T)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 500-185, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Gwanhangno, Yusong-gu, Taejon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pyung Cheon
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005417:Flavobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D046429:Spheniscidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; C042455:menaquinone 6; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C019624:agarase