title: Allopurinol as a kidney-protective, cardioprotective, and antihypertensive agent: hype or reality?
abstract: Numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest that uric acid might have pathobiologic implications in the development and progression of hypertension, kidney disease, and coronary heart disease, among others, resulting in renewed interest in uric acid as a potential pathogenic mediator in these clinical conditions. Despite encouraging animal studies showing beneficial roles of allopurinol, clinical studies and randomized controlled trials remain scarce, and, despite available clinical evidence supporting a therapeutic role for allopurinol, multiple issues remain before routine use of allopurinol can be recommended for use in patients with hyperuricemia and hypertension, kidney disease, or coronary heart disease. These include a need for more robust clinical trial data that evaluate efficacy on hard clinical outcomes, optimal dose, duration of treatment, and the potential for serious allergic reactions. In this article we review the current available evidence describing the effects of allopurinol in hypertension, kidney disease, and coronary heart disease, highlighting unresolved issues surrounding allopurinol use for uric acid lowering in individuals without gout.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanbay
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: Abduzhappar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaipov
authors.forename: Mumtaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takir
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D014527:Uric Acid; D000493:Allopurinol