title: Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery from Left Coronary Sinus: Surgical Management and Clinical Result.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anomalous aortic origin of coronary artery is a rare congenital condition in which the coronary artery arises from the opposite sinus of Valsalva. Although many patients are asymptomatic at the time of presentation or diagnosis, surgical correction is recommended due to the risk of ischemic sudden death. We describe seven cases of right coronary artery (RCA) arising from the left sinus of Valsalva, causing the hypoperfusion through RCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent preoperative coronary angiography, echocardiography, and cardiac stress test (treadmill test [TMT], n = 4; technetium-99m sestamibi [MIBI], n = 3). In four patients, coronary computed tomography (CT) was performed. On the basis of preoperative test results, unroofing of the coronary artery (n = 3) or off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB; n = 4; patients with coronary arterial occlusive disease) was performed. In two patients, intraoperative flow meter was performed and showed the improvement of flow rate through RCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative CT angiography after OPCAB confirmed good graft patency (n = 4); CT angiography after unroofing demonstrated widely patent neo-orifice (n = 3). All patients underwent postoperative cardiac stress tests including TMT and MIBI, which revealed no evidence of ischemia. All patients were asymptomatic and returned to normal activities (mean follow-up, 41 months; 32-49 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate surgical procedure based on specific anatomical details, perioperative evaluation, and follow-up by focusing on the ischemia may lead to successful surgical outcomes of this coronary anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chel
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Nam
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Youn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult