title: Where is lupus hidden?
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypic but heterogeneous autoimmune disease. The major clinical symptoms and signs are reviewed, as well as the main immunological abnormalities. Emphasis is put on the role of long-lived autoimmune plasma cells, not affected by current immunosuppressants and biologics, which are responsible for refractoriness and relapses.
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; German Rheumatism Research Center - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: falk.hiepe@charite.de.
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hiepe
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001688:Biological Products; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents