title: Choroidal Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness measurement using 3-dimensional 1060-nm optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the feasibility of automatically segmented choroidal vessels in three-dimensional (3D) 1060-nmOCT by testing repeatability in healthy and AMD eyes and by mapping Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness in healthy eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five eyes (from 45 healthy subjects and 10 with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) subjects) were imaged by 3D-1060-nmOCT over a 36°x36° field of view. Haller's and Sattler's layer were automatically segmented, mapped and averaged across the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. For ten AMD eyes and ten healthy eyes, imaging was repeated within the same session and on another day. Outcomes were the repeatability agreement of Haller's and Sattler's layer thicknesses in healthy and AMD eyes, the validation with ICGA and the statistical analysis of the effect of age and axial eye length (AL) on both healthy choroidal sublayers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coefficients of repeatability for Sattler's and Haller's layers were 35% and 21% in healthy eyes and 44% and 31% in AMD eyes, respectively. The mean±SD healthy central submacular field thickness for Sattler's and Haller's was 87±56 µm and 141±50 µm, respectively, with a significant relationship for AL (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated Sattler's and Haller's thickness segmentation generates rapid 3D measurements with a repeatability corresponding to reported manual segmentation. Sublayers in healthy eyes thinned significantly with increasing AL. In the presence of the thinned Sattler's layer in AMD, careful measurement interpretation is needed. Automatic choroidal vascular layer mapping may help to explain if pathological choroidal thinning affects medium and large choroidal vasculature in addition to choriocapillaris loss.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esmaeelpour
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kajic
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zabihian
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Richu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Othara
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansari-Shahrezaei
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: OptikNemetz, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemetz
authors.affiliation: Pattern Recognition Lab and School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Pattern Recognition Lab and School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornegger
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Binder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult