title: Metabolic variation and antioxidant potential of Malus prunifolia (wild apple) compared with high flavon-3-ol containing fruits (apple, grapes) and beverage (black tea).
abstract: Secondary metabolic variation of wild apple (Malus prunifolia) was compared with fruits that contained high flavan-3-ol like grapes (GR), apple (App) and the beverage, black tea (BT). The polyphenol contents in wild apple was higher than in GR and App but less than BT. The identified phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids) and flavonoids (quercetin and myricetin) indicate that wild apple was higher than that of App. Among all the samples, BT had highest antioxidant potential in terms of 2,2'-Azinobis (3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (95.36%), metal chelating (45.36%) and phosphomolybdenum activity (95.8 mg/g) because of the high flavan-3-ol content. The gallic acid and epigallocatechin gallate were highly correlated with antioxidant potential and these metabolites levels are higher in wild apple than that of App. Wild apples being a non-commercial natural source, a detailed study of this plant will be helpful for the food additive and preservative industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Maria John
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gansukh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enkhtaivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea. Electronic address: kimdh02@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Doo Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D027845:Malus / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; C404987:flavan-3-ol
keywords: Catechin; Flavan-3-ol; HPLC; Secondary metabolites