title: Effects of various toothpastes on remineralization of white spot lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of fluoridated, casein phosphopeptide.amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP)-containing, and functionalized β-tricalcium phosphate (fTCP)-containing toothpastes on remineralization of white spot lesions (WSLs) by using Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF-D) Biluminator™ 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons from 12 patients, with artificially induced WSLs were randomly and equally assigned to four treatment groups: fluoride (1,000 ppm), CPP-ACP, fTCP (with sodium fluoride), and control (deionized water) groups. Specimens were treated twice daily for 2 weeks and stored in saliva solution (1:1 mixture of artificial and human stimulated saliva) otherwise. QLF-D Biluminator™ 2 was used to measure changes in fluorescence, indicating alterations in the mineral contents of the WSLs, immediately before and after the 2 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescence greatly increased in the fTCP and CPP-ACP groups compared with the fluoride and control groups, which did not show significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  fTCP- and CPP-ACP-containing toothpastes seem to be more effective in reducing WSLs than 1,000-ppm fluoride-containing toothpastes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Dental Hospital, Sanbon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eon-Hwa
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Dental Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Moon
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Dental Hospital, Sanbon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Dental Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kang
keywords: Cariology; Remineralization; Tooth paste; Tricalcium phosphate; White spot lesions