title: Three different ophthalmic presentations of juvenile xanthogranuloma.
abstract: Three cases of juvenile xanthogranuloma from two ophthalmology departments were reviewed. Clinical histories, ophthalmic examination, physical examination, investigations, and treatment of these cases are described. A 4-month-old boy presented with spontaneous hyphema and secondary glaucoma. He was treated with intensive topical steroid and anti-glaucomatous eye drops. The hyphema gradually resolved and the intra-ocular pressure reverted to 11 mm Hg without any other medication. Biopsy of his scalp mass confirmed the diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. A 31-month-old boy presented with a limbal mass. Excisional biopsy of the mass was performed and confirmed it was a juvenile xanthogranuloma. A 20-month-old boy was regularly followed up for epiblepharon and astigmatism. He presented to a paediatrician with a skin nodule over his back. Skin biopsy confirmed juvenile xanthogranuloma. He had no other ocular signs. Presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma can be very different, about which ophthalmologists should be aware of. Biopsy of the suspected lesion is essential to confirm the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Henry H W
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wilson W K
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Allie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Dorothy S P
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000002:abnormalities; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006988:Hyphema / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014972:Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Glaucoma; Steroids; Xanthogranuloma, juvenile