title: Distinct diversity of the czcA gene in two sedimentary horizons from a contaminated estuarine core.
abstract: In estuarine ecosystems, trace metals are mainly associated with fine grain sediments which settle on mudflats. Over time, the layers of sediments accumulate and are then transformed by diagenetic processes, recording the history of the estuary's chemical contamination. In such a specific environment, we investigated to what extent a chronic exposure to contaminants could affect metal-resistant sedimentary bacteria in subsurface sediments. The occurrence and diversity of cadmium resistance genes (cadA, czcA) was investigated in 5- and 33-year-old sediments from a highly contaminated estuary (Seine France). Primers were designed to detect a 252-bp fragment of the czcA gene, specifically targeting a transmembrane helice domain (TMH IV) involved in the proton substrate antiport of this efflux pump. Although the cadA gene was not detected, the highest diversity of the sequence of the czcA gene was observed in the 5-year-old sediment. According to the percentage of identity at the amino acid level, the closest CzcA relatives were identified among Proteobacteria (α, β, γ, and δ), Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae, and Bacteroidetes. The most abundant sequences were affiliated with Stenotrophomonas. In contrast, in the 33-year-old sediment, CzcA sequences were mainly related to Rhodanobacter thiooxydans and Stenotrophomonas, suggesting a shaping of the metal-resistant microbial communities over time by both diagenetic processes and trace metal contamination.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 6143 M2C, Universités de Rouen-Caen, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Assia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaci
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lesueur
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boust
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vrel
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berthe
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017920:Antiporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D017753:Ecosystem; D063366:Estuaries; D005602:France; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D017931:DNA Primers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium