title: Successful reconstruction of irradiated anterior skull base defect using the dual flap technique involving local pericranial flap and radial forearm free flap.
abstract: Skull base reconstruction presents a challenging therapeutic problem requiring a multispecialty surgical approach and close cooperation between the neurosurgeon, head and neck surgeon, as well as plastic and reconstructive surgeon during all stages of treatment. The principal goal of skull base reconstruction is to separate the intracranial space from the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cavities, creating support for the brain and providing a water-tight barrier against cerebrospinal fluid leakage and ascending infection. We present a case involving a 58-year-old man with anterior skull base defects (2.5 cm × 3 cm) secondary to the removal of olfactory neuroblastoma. The patient received conventional radiation therapy at 6000 cGy in 30 fractions approximately a month before tumor removal. The patient had radiation therapy before surgery and was planned to have postoperative radiation therapy, which would lead to a higher complication rate of reconstruction. Artificial dura was used for the packing of the dural defect, which was also suspected to increase the complication rate of reconstruction. For these reasons, we chose to apply the dual flap technique, which uses both local pericranial flap and de-epithelized radial forearm free flap for anterior skull base defect to promote wound healing. During 28 months of follow-up after coverage of the anterior skull base defect, the dual flap survived completely, as confirmed through follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was free of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis, and abscess, and there was minimal donor-site morbidity of the radial forearm free flap. Reconstruction of anterior skull base defects using the dual flap technique is safe, reliable, and associated with low morbidity, and it is ideal for irradiated wounds and low-volume defects.
authors.affiliation: From the *Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and †Neurosurgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon; ‡Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang; §Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Se-Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myong Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyoseob
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Joo Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Il Jae
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000517:prevention & control; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak / Q000517:prevention & control; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011884:Radius / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D060053:Transplant Donor Site / Q000601:surgery