title: Evaluation physical characteristics and comparison antimicrobial and anti-inflammation potentials of dental root canal sealers containing hinokitiol in vitro.
abstract: Hinokitiol displays potent antimicrobial activity. It has been used in toothpaste and oral-care gel to improve the oral lichen planus and reduce halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 3 different dental root canal sealers with hinokitiol (sealers+H) and their physical and biological effects. AH Plus (epoxy amine resin-based, AH), Apexit Plus (calcium-hydroxide-based, AP), and Canals (zinc-oxide-eugenol-based, CA), were used in this study. The original AH and CA exhibited strong anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity, but AP did not. The setting time, working time, flowability, film thickness, and solubility of each sealer+0.2%H complied with ISO 6876:2001. CA+0.2%H exhibited high cytotoxicity, but the others sealers+0.2%H did not. Because hinokitiol combined with Zn2+ in CA creates a synergistic effect. The physical tests of AP+0.5%-1%H complied with ISO 6876:2001, improved antimicrobial activity, inhibited inflammation genes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA in MG-63 cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), and down-regulated lysyl oxidase (LOX) mRNA of HGF. In summary, AH and CA demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, but AP did not. Application of hinokitiol increases AH anti-MRSA activity should less than 0.2% for keep well flowability. AP+0.5%-1% hinokitiol exhibited strong physical, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation potentials, and inhibited S. aureus abscess formation. Applying an appreciable proportion of hinokitiol to epoxy-amine-resin-based and calcium-hydroxide-based root canal sealers is warranted, but the enhanced cytotoxicity and synergistic effect must be considered.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yin-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Dan-Jae
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Yao
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyh-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shui-Sang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hsue
authors.affiliation: Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tong-Hong
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzong-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shieh
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D014334:Tropolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D014334:Tropolone; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase; C009479:beta-thujaplicin