title: Increasing protein intake modulates lipid metabolism in healthy young men and women consuming a high-fat hypercaloric diet.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing protein intake, at the expense of carbohydrates, on intrahepatic lipids (IHLs), circulating triglycerides (TGs), and body composition in healthy humans consuming a high-fat, hypercaloric diet. A crossover randomized trial with a parallel control group was performed. After a 2-wk run-in period, participants were assigned to either the control diet [n = 10; 27.8 energy percent (en%) fat, 16.9 en% protein, 55.3 en% carbohydrates] for 4 wk or a high-fat, hypercaloric diet (n = 17; >2 MJ/d) crossover trial with 2 periods of 2 wk, with either high-protein (HP) (37.7 en% fat, 25.7 en% protein, 36.6 en% carbohydrates) or normal-protein (NP) (39.4 en% fat, 15.4 en% protein, 45.2 en% carbohydrates) content. Measurements were performed after 2 wk of run-in (baseline), 2 wk of intervention (period 1), and 4 wk of intervention (period 2). A trend toward lower IHL and plasma TG concentrations during the HP condition compared with the NP condition was observed (IHL: 0.35 ± 0.04% vs. 0.51 ± 0.08%, P = 0.08; TG: 0.65 ± 0.03 vs. 0.77 ± 0.05 mmol/L, P = 0.07, for HP and NP, respectively). Fat mass was significantly lower (10.6 ± 1.72 vs. 10.9 ± 1.73 kg; P = 0.02) with the HP diet than with the NP diet, whereas fat-free mass was higher (55.7 ± 2.79 vs. 55.2 ± 2.80 kg; P = 0.003). This study indicated that an HP, high-fat, hypercaloric diet affects lipid metabolism. It tends to lower the IHL and circulating TG concentrations and significantly lowers fat mass and increases fat-free mass compared with an NP, high-fat, hypercaloric diet. This trail was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01354626.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and annemarierietman@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rietman
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Britt A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Blokker
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Siebelink
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Frans J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Afman
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, INRA, Joint Research Unit 914, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mensink
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides