title: Short-term renal support in postoperative repair of tetralogy of Fallot in the paediatric intensive care unit: can we predict those who need it?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluid balance and renal function can be difficult to manage in the postoperative infant with tetralogy of Fallot. High fluid volumes are often needed to maintain cardiac output. Aims To stratify patients at risk for advanced renal support following tetralogy of Fallot repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of all consecutive tetralogy of Fallot cases operated at a single centre in a 3-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 41 children were identified. All cases had loop diuretics administered. Of the cases, 17% required support with a peritoneal dialysis catheter, with only one complication of peritoneal dialysis catheter blockage. The mean length of paediatric intensive care unit stay in those receiving peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion was prolonged by an additional mean of 6 days (p<0.001). No statistical significance was found between those children requiring peritoneal dialysis and those who did not when considering patient age and weight at time of repair, cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp times, the presence of a transannular patch, or junctional ectopic tachycardia. However, volume requirement of more than 35 ml/kg in the first 12 hours following repair did increase the likelihood to need peritoneal dialysis (p<0.0001). Furthermore, the higher the peak creatinine, the longer the stay on intensive care (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peritoneal dialysis is an effective method of dealing with fluid balance in children after tetralogy of Fallot repair, with minimal complications. Early consideration should be given to peritoneal dialysis when it is clear that high fluid volumes are required postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Child Health,Paediatric Intensive Care,University Hospital Southampton,SouthamptonUnited Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Griksaitis
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Child Health,Paediatric Intensive Care,University Hospital Southampton,SouthamptonUnited Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rebekah R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Mathematics,Manchester University,ManchesterUnited Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Paediatric Cardiology,University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gnanapragasam
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,University Hospital Southampton,Southampton,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Child Health,Paediatric Intensive Care,University Hospital Southampton,SouthamptonUnited Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Macintosh
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Child Health,Paediatric Intensive Care,University Hospital Southampton,SouthamptonUnited Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: fluid resuscitation