title: Ageing phenomenon in acrylic polymer dental materials detected by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymer materials based on acrylic monomers are commonly used in dentistry. It is important to research the structure of dental filling materials towards the material ageing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study has been conducted in order to determine the presence of free volume gaps in the structure of polymer materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brand new, acrylic polymer based samples of dental Dipol materials were used as a research material. The study was conducted by means of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of the conducted measurements, curves describing numbers of counts of the acts of annihilation in the time function were obtained. The conducted studies revealed the existence of four components τ1, τ2, τ3 and τ4. The τ3 and τ4 components are attributed to the pick-off annihilation of o-Ps orthopositronium trapping by free volume gaps and provide information about geometrical parameters of the volumes. LT 9 computer program was used to calculate components. Free volume holes were determined from empirical relationship between the radius of free volume and the long lifetime components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conducted studies indicate the presence of free volume holes in the research materials. It has been noted that a new long lifetime component is assigned to a new kind of free volumes that exist in the structure of material related to the material ageing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Research and Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Filipecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Research and Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Kordian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chamerski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olha
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Research and Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotynia
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003764:Dental Materials