title: Dietary intakes in the nutritional management of gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes were examined in energy intakes and percentage of energy from macronutrients in response to nutritional intervention in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 17 women with GDM and 27 women with normal glucose tolerance (controls). Women with GDM were followed by a multidisciplinary team; they received dietary counselling by a registered dietitian, and were prescribed diets with 40% to 45% energy from carbohydrate (CHO), 20% to 25% from protein, and 30% to 35% from fat. Dietary intakes were assessed with food frequency questionnaires before the intervention (26.9 ± 3.8 weeks) and after the intervention (32.6 ± 0.6 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the intervention, women with GDM reduced their total energy intake to reach lower values than did controls (P value for time-group interaction =0.05). A concomitant reduction in total CHO and glucose intakes in women with GDM led to significantly lower values compared with intakes in controls (P values for time-group interaction =0.001 for all). The post-intervention rate of weight gain in women with GDM was within the Institute of Medicine (IOM)-recommended values, while the post-intervention rate of weight gain in controls was above IOM-recommended values (0.30 ± 0.27 versus 0.61 ± 0.50 kg/week, P≤0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that this multidisciplinary medical and nutritional intervention was effective in the achievement of prescribed macronutrient distribution and controlling gestational weight gain in Canadian women with GDM.
authors.affiliation: UniversitÉ Laval.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Morisset
authors.affiliation: UniversitÉ Laval.
authors.forename: Julie Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.affiliation: UniversitÉ Laval.
authors.forename: Andréanne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.affiliation: UniversitÉ Laval.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robitaille
authors.affiliation: UniversitÉ Laval.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchernof
authors.affiliation: CHU de QuÉbec Research Centre.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.affiliation: CHU de QuÉbec Research Centre.
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veillette
authors.affiliation: CHU de QuÉbec Research Centre.
authors.forename: S John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weisnagel
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011792:Quebec; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain