title: Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital (CI) and perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (PI) can be linked to maternal CMV seropositivity, with fatal consequences in preterm newborns. GB genotyping has been used to analyze genotypic similarity in mothers and infants. The frequency of CMV infection in the context of maternal seropositivity and the viral gB genotypes as well as the genotypic similarity in mothers and preterm infants were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva samples and dry blood spots (DBS) were taken weekly from preterm newborns  from birth until the first month of life, and breast milk samples were taken from their mothers weekly during the first month of lactation. CMV IgG seroprevalence of the mothers and CI or PI in the infants were established. The gB status and genotypic similarities were established retrospectively in DBS and in the breast milk samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 387 neonates and 375 mothers were enrolled. The maternal CMV-positive IgG serology was 97.3% (365/375). Neonatal CMV was found in 5.1% (20/387) of newborns, and one infant presented with CMV-compatible symptoms. CI was 2.5% and PI in the first month after birth was 11.8%. GB2 was the most prevalent genotype and was also the genotype preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMV PI and CI in preterm infants from highly seropositive mothers was high, but the rate of symptomatic infection was low. The prevalent genotype was gB2, and this genotype was preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Dr. Márquez, México D.F., Mexico. jose.arellano@salud.gob.mx.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arellano-Galindo
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Villanueva-García
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cruz-Ramirez
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yalaupari-Mejìa
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uribe-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Velazquez-Guadarrama
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nava-Frias
authors.forename: Onofre
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Munoz-Hernández
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mejía-Arangure
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C040495:glycoprotein B, Simplexvirus