title: Controversies and challenges in research on urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer.
abstract: Urogenital schistosomiasis, infection with Schistosoma haematobium, is linked to increased risk for the development of bladder cancer, but the importance of various mechanisms responsible for this association remains unclear, in part, owing to lack of sufficient and appropriate animal models. New advances in the study of this parasite, bladder regenerative processes, and human schistosomal bladder cancers may shed new light on the complex biological processes that connect S. haematobium infection to bladder carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Immunology Program and Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honeycutt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Olfat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hammam
authors.affiliation: Stanford Immunology Program and Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Stanford Immunology Program and Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: perforin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000502:physiology; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Schistosoma haematobium; bladder cancer; schistosomiasis haematobia; urinary schistosomiasis; urogenital schistosomiasis