title: No evidence for an association of vitamin D deficiency and migraine: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a number of human disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, frailty, and infections. Since an association between vitamin D and migraine has also been recently speculated, we performed an electronic search on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords "migraine" and "vitamin D," "25OH-D" "cholecalciferol," "ergocalciferol," with no language or date restriction. The electronic search allowed identifying seven studies (3 observational, 2 cross-sectional, and 2 case reports). The two case reports, including four women, showed favourable effects of vitamin D supplementation on migraine severity, but these studies were small and not placebo controlled. As regards the three observational studies, vitamin D deficiency was observed in 13.2 to 14.8% of migraine patients, and these rates do not differ from those reported in the general population (i.e., vitamin D deficiency between 22 and 42%). The results of the two cross-sectional studies are even more controversial, since no association was found between vitamin D status and migraine in both trials. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that the association between migraine and vitamin D lacks reliable scientific support.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Academic Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy ; U.O. Diagnostica Ematochimica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 14 Via Gramsci, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9523-9054
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Academic Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cervellin
authors.affiliation: Service of Clinical Governance, General Hospital of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mattiuzzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications