title: A preliminary study: effects of football training on glucose control, body composition, and performance in men with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The effects of regular football training on glycemic control, body composition, and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) were investigated in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-one middle-aged men (49.8 ± 1.7 years ± SEM) with T2DM were divided into a football training group (FG; n = 12) and an inactive control group (CG; n = 9) during a 24-week intervention period (IP). During a 1-h football training session, the distance covered was 4.7 ± 0.2 km, mean heart rate (HR) was 83 ± 2% of HRmax, and blood lactate levels increased (P < 0.001) from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 8.2 ± 1.3 mmol/L. In FG, VO₂ peak was 11% higher (P < 0.01), and total fat mass and android fat mass were 1.7 kg and 12.8% lower (P < 0.001), respectively, after IP. After IP, the reduction in plasma glucose was greater (P = 0.02) in FG than the increase in CG, and in FG, GLUT-4 tended to be higher (P = 0.072) after IP. For glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), an overall time effect (P < 0.01) was detected after 24 weeks. After IP, the number of capillaries around type I fibers was 7% higher (P < 0.05) in FG and 5% lower (P < 0.05) in CG. Thus, in men with T2DM, regular football training improves VO₂ peak, reduces fat mass, and may positively influence glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomassen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hornstrup
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Randers
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krustrup
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bangsbo
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: FGF-21; Soccer; health; high-intensity training; oxidative capacity; team sport