title: A multidisciplinary, multifaceted improvement initiative to eliminate mislabelled laboratory specimens at a large tertiary care hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To sustainably reduce the rate of mislabelled laboratory specimens through implementation of a series of interventions as led and coordinated by a multidisciplinary performance improvement team.
  
  
  METHODS
  The quality improvement project was performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, an academic care tertiary care hospital. Phlebotomy services are provided by unit-based nursing and dedicated laboratory-based phlebotomists. Baseline mislabelled specimen rate was obtained for a 6-month period prior to the first improvement intervention. Included in the rate of mislabelled specimens were inpatient blood and body fluid specimens. Anatomic pathology and cytological specimens and outpatient specimens were excluded. Mislabelled specimens were identified preanalytically, analytically or postanalytically. A specimen was considered mislabelled under the following circumstances: (1) specimen/requisition mismatch; (2) incorrect patient identifiers and (3) unlabelled specimen. Specimen mislabels were identified and validated monthly by a multidisciplinary team composed of personnel from nursing, laboratory and performance improvement. Performance improvement initiatives were implemented over a 2-year period with control charts used to assess improvement over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of mislabelled specimens varied by clinical area and decreased significantly over a 24-month time period during the initiative from 4.39 per 10,000 specimens to 1.97 per 10,000 specimens. All clinical areas achieved a significant decrease in the rate of mislabelled specimens except for the operating room and labour and delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multidisciplinary unit specific approach using performance improvement methodologies focusing on human factors can reliably and sustainably reduce the rate of mislabelled laboratory specimens in a large tertiary care hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medical Affairs, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Seferian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Affairs-Performance Improvement, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Salima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirricione
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burnes-Bolton
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mahul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Affairs, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Romanoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klapper
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D015141:Los Angeles; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061214:Patient Safety; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: Human Factors; Laboratory Medicine; Patient Safety; Quality Improvement; Teams