title: A modified technique for real time ultrasound guided pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy: the angled tangential approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric renal biopsy may result in serious hemorrhagic complications, requiring additional diagnostic procedures, blood transfusion, vascular interventions, and prolongation of hospitalization. The aim of the present study was to propose the angled tangential approach technique for real-time ultrasound-guided pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 166 percutaneous biopsies from June 2004 to May 2009 was performed. Patients' medical records, pathology results, and complications were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major complications were seen in the study group. The most frequently occurring minor complication was macroscopic hematuria, which occurred at the rate of 9.6%. Hematoma was detected in three cases and regressed spontaneously in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The angled tangential approach is a safe technique and an alternative option in pediatric percutaneous renal biopsies.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cakmakci
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kosti Can
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem Kolcak
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Turkoglu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakmakci
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozcelik
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sebnem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozagari
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2 Department of Radiology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kaçkar Government Hospital, Rize, Turkey ; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 6 Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, 7 Department of Pathology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; 8 Department of Radiology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ucan
keywords: Percutaneous biopsy; renal biopsy; ultrasound guided interventions