title: The role of dopamine in schizophrenia from a neurobiological and evolutionary perspective: old fashioned, but still in vogue.
abstract: Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. The revised dopamine hypothesis states that dopamine abnormalities in the mesolimbic and prefrontal brain regions exist in schizophrenia. However, recent research has indicated that glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, and serotonin alterations are also involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. This review provides an in-depth analysis of dopamine in animal models of schizophrenia and also focuses on dopamine and cognition. Furthermore, this review provides not only an overview of dopamine receptors and the antipsychotic effects of treatments targeting them but also an outline of dopamine and its interaction with other neurochemical models of schizophrenia. The roles of dopamine in the evolution of the human brain and human mental abilities, which are affected in schizophrenia patients, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brisch
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA , Australia ; Centre for Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saniotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bielau
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Gert
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bogerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Anna Katharina
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.affiliation: Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA , Australia.
authors.forename: Jaliya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumaratilake
authors.forename: Jaliya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumaritlake
authors.affiliation: Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA , Australia.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henneberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gos
keywords: animal models of schizophrenia; cannabis; cognition; dopamine; dopamine receptors; evolution of the human brain; glutamate; schizophrenia