title: Preliminary study of the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure for Children and its reliability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) is currently used in the adult population for evaluating the functionality of impaired or prosthetic hands. The SHAP cannot be used for children because of the relatively larger size of the objects used to perform SHAP tasks and unknown clinimetric properties. The aims of this study were to adapt the SHAP for use in children (SHAP-C), to determine norm values for the SHAP-C, and to analyze the reliability of the SHAP-C.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SHAP-C was adapted based on the SHAP protocol. Some objects were downsized, and the timing of tasks was performed by the rater instead of the participant. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed in 24 children (5 [0.54] y/o) with unimpaired hands. The repeatability coefficients (RCs) were calculated. An RC ≤ 75% of the mean SHAP-C task values was considered good reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were able to perform all SHAP-C tasks. The means of the SHAP-C tasks ranged from 0.75 to 1.21 seconds for abstract objects and from 0.64-19.13 seconds for activities of daily living. The RCs of a single assessor did not exceed 75% in 17/26 SHAP-C tasks, displaying a relatively good intra-rater reliability, whereas the RCs for the inter-rater reliability exceeded 75% in 22/26 SHAP-C tasks, thus displaying poor reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this first study that adjusted the SHAP for pediatric use, we found that all SHAP-C objects and tasks could be performed by children. The intra-rater reliability was better than the inter-rater reliability. Although the SHAP-C appears to be a promising instrument, the protocol requires further modifications to provide reliable measurements in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. e.golea.vasluian@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Ecaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vasluian
authors.forename: Raoul M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: Heleen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Reinders-Messelink
authors.forename: Pieter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: Corry K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
mesh_terms: D001186:Artificial Limbs; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006227:Hand Deformities, Acquired / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D063189:Symptom Assessment