title: Separation anxiety disorder in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and clinical correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to present higher morbidity than do those with OCD alone. However, the relationship between OCD and SAD has yet to be fully explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study using multiple logistic regression to identify differences between OCD patients with SAD (OCD+SAD, n=260) and without SAD (OCD, n=695), in terms of clinical and socio-demographic variables. Data were extracted from those collected between 2005 and 2009 via the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAD was currently present in only 42 (4.4%) of the patients, although 260 (27.2%) had a lifetime diagnosis of the disorder. In comparison with the OCD group patients, patients with SAD+OCD showed higher chance to present sensory phenomena, to undergo psychotherapy, and to have more psychiatric comorbidities, mainly bulimia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with primary OCD, comorbid SAD might be related to greater personal dysfunction and a poorer response to treatment, since sensory phenomena may be a confounding aspect on diagnosis and therapeutics. Patients with OCD+SAD might be more prone to developing specific psychiatric comorbidities, especially bulimia. Our results suggest that SAD symptom assessment should be included in the management and prognostic evaluation of OCD, although the psychobiological role that such symptoms play in OCD merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, sala 109, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, sala 109, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rateke
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, sala 109, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Brazil.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Butler Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 45, Prospect Street, Providence, RI, 02912 United States.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Avenue Prof. Montenegro Bairro, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970 Brazil.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Sena Madureira, 1.500, 1° Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04021-001 Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: do Rosário
authors.affiliation: Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, SP, 05403-903 Brazil.
authors.forename: E C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, sala 109, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Brazil. Electronic address: ygoraf@ufcspa.edu.br.
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Ferrão
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Anxiety; Comorbidity; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Separation anxiety disorder