title: Mortality of tuberculosis patients during treatment in Israel, 2000-2010.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in Israel is similar to that reported from other industrialised countries where most patients are foreign-born.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess TB case fatality rate (CFR) and mortality trends during treatment and to identify risk factors associated with mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of all TB patients in Israel diagnosed between 2000 and 2010. Cause of death was classified by TB-specific and non-TB-specific causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 451 TB patients died during treatment, representing a CFR of 9.9%. Of these, 72.5% died due to TB-related causes, giving a TB-related CFR of 7.2%. Both the overall and TB-related CFR decreased over the study period. Risk factors for death included male sex, older age, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, culture positivity and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Patients aged ≥65 years comprised 70% of the TB-related deaths, and more than half of these (54.9%) were born in the former Soviet Union, Europe (excluding the former Soviet Union) or the USA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the overall and TB-related CFR decreased over the study period. Physicians who treat older male TB patients with MDR-TB or HIV should increase the index of suspicion to include the possibility of a higher risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: <label>*</label>Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Braun Hebrew University, Jerusalem.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuldiner
authors.affiliation: <label>*</label>Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Braun Hebrew University, Jerusalem.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.affiliation: <label><sup>‡</sup></label>Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chemtob
authors.affiliation: <label><sup>‡</sup></label>Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents