title: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with diabetes and emotional problems: long-term follow-up findings from the DiaMind randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The DiaMind trial showed beneficial immediate effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on emotional distress, but not on diabetes distress and HbA1c. The aim of the present report was to examine if the effects would be sustained after six month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the DiaMind trial, 139 outpatients with diabetes (type-I or type-II) and a lowered level of emotional well-being were randomized into MBCT (n=70) or a waiting list with treatment as usual (TAU: n=69). Primary outcomes were perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and diabetes distress. Secondary outcomes were, among others, health status, and glycemic control (HbA1c).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to TAU, MBCT showed sustained reductions at follow-up in perceived stress (p<.001, d=.76), anxiety (p<.001, assessed by HADS d=.83; assessed by POMS d=.92), and HADS depressive symptoms (p=.004, d=.51), but not POMS depressive symptoms when using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p=.016, d=.48). No significant between-group effect was found on diabetes distress and HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed sustained benefits of MBCT six months after the intervention on emotional distress in people with diabetes and a lowered level of emotional well-being.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dutch Trial Register NTR2145, http://www.trialregister.nl.
authors.affiliation: Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Son
authors.affiliation: Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands. Electronic address: I.Nyklicek@tilburguniversity.edu.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nyklíček
authors.affiliation: Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Blonk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Erdtsieck
authors.affiliation: Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouwer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D010045:Outpatients; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy; D014850:Waiting Lists; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
keywords: Anxiety; Comorbidity; Depressive symptoms; Diabetes; Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; Randomized controlled trial