title: Use of noninvasive high-frequency ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit: a retrospective review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the article is to review the effectiveness of neonatal noninvasive high-frequency ventilation (NIHFV) in preventing endotracheal mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series including all 79 instances of NIHFV use at four participating centers between July 2010 and September 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 73% of cases, NIHFV was used as rescue after another noninvasive mode, and prophylactically (postextubation) in the remainder. In 58% of cases, infants transitioned to another noninvasive mode, without requiring intubation. There were significant reductions in the mean (SD) number of apneas, bradycardias, or desaturations (over 6 hours) (3.2 [0.4] vs. 1.2 [0.3]; p < 0.001), FiO2 (48 [3] vs. 40 [2]%; p < 0.001) and CO2 levels (74 [6] vs. 62 [4] mm Hg; p = 0.025] with NIHFV. No NIHFV-related complications were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NIHFV is a promising NIV mode that may help prevent or delay intubation and deserves further clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukerji
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Balpreet
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Salhab El
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Helou
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fusch
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belik
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vibhuti
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055397:Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / Q000517:prevention & control