title: Differences in risk perception and quit rates among hospitalized veteran pipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and dual users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined differences in perception of risk, hospitalization quit rates, and 6-month quit rates between pipe smokers, cigarettes smokers, and those who smoke both in the Department of Veterans Affairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before implementing the Tobacco Tactics intervention (among 811 smokers), smoking quit rates were determined (among N = 465 patients with 6-month follow-up data available) in three Midwestern hospitals during 2006-2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pipe smokers were less likely to believe that they needed to quit tobacco, that quitting would be difficult, and that quitting tobacco was important to their health. Eighty-five percent of pipe smokers remained tobacco free throughout their hospital stay compared with 59% of dual smokers and 60% of cigarette smokers (p < .10). Twenty-three percent of pipe smokers remained tobacco free at 6 months compared with 19% of dual users and 7% of cigarette smokers (p < .10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although pipe smokers had higher spontaneous quit rates than dual smokers and cigarette smokers, the perception of the risk of smoking was less among pipe smokers suggesting a need to expel the myths surrounding pipe smoking and increase cessation efforts.
authors.affiliation: Devon Noonan, PhD, MPH, FNP-BC, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina. Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez, MPH, Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Sonia A. Duffy, PhD, RN, FAAN, Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research (152), and Departments of Psychiatry and Otolaryngology, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Devon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Karvonen-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Sonia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology