title: Do gender differences in primary PCI mortality represent a different adherence to guideline recommended therapy? a multicenter observation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is uncertain whether gender differences in outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are only attributable to different baseline characteristics or additional factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases of two German myocardial infarction network registries were combined with a total of 1104 consecutive patients admitted with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and treated according to standardized protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 25% of patients were females. Mean age (69 vs 61 years), incidence of diabetes (28% vs 20%), hypertension (68 vs 58%) and renal insufficiency (26% vs 19%) was significantly higher compared to males. Mean prehospital delay was numerically longer in females (227 vs 209 min) as was in hospital delay (35 vs 30 min). PCI was finally performed in 92% of females and 95% of males with comparable procedural success (95% vs 97%). Use of drug eluting stents (55% vs 68%) and application of GP 2b 3a blockers (75% vs 89%) was significantly less frequent in women. At discharge, prescription of beta blockers and lipid lowering drugs was also significantly lower in females (84% vs 90% and 71% vs 84%). Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in females (10% vs 5%) without attenuation after 12 months. Adjusted mortality however did not differ significantly between genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher unadjusted mortality in females after primary PCI was accompanied by significant differences in baseline characteristics, interventional approach and secondary prophylaxis in spite of the same standard of care. Lower guideline adherence seems to be less gender specific but rather a manifestation of the risk-treatment paradox.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Rostock, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str, 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany. rbirkemeyer@t-online.de.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birkemeyer
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rillig
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kische
authors.forename: Liliya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paranskaya
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hueseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000592:standards; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality* / Q000592:standards; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors