title: Prevalence of low bone mineral density in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of low bone mass density in cystic fibrosis patients as well as to evaluate the factors associated with bone mass in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mass density was measured by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry of lumbar spine (L1-L4), in patients ≤19 years old, or lumbar spine and femur (total and neck) in patients ≥20 years old. Evaluations of nutritional status, biochemical parameters, and lung function were performed. Medication data were obtained from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight patients were included in the study (25 males/ 33 females), mean age 23.9 years (16-53 years). The prevalence of bone mass below the expected range for age at any site was 20.7%. None of the subjects had history of fracture. Lumbar spine Z-score in cystic fibrosis patients correlated positively with body mass index (r= 0.3, p=0.001), and forced expiratory volume in the first second (% predicted) (r=0.415, p=0.022). Mean lumbar spine Z-score was higher in women (p=0.001), in patients with no pancreatic insufficiency (p=0.032), and in patients with no hospitalization in the last 3 months (p=0.02). After multivariate analysis, body mass index (p= 0.001) and sex (p=0.001) were independently associated with Z-score in lumbar spine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low bone mass is a frequent problem in patients with CF, being independently associated with body mass index, and male sex.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Medicine, Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanacor
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Medicine, Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Raimundo
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Medicine, Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Marcondes
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ascoli
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Z de
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Azambuja
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scopel
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia V Dos
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Pneumology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo T R
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Dalcin
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo A M
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Faulhaber
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tânia W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Furlanetto
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult