title: Lack of BCG vaccination and other risk factors for bacteraemia in severely malnourished children with pneumonia.
abstract: We sought to examine the factors associated with bacteraemia and their outcome in children with pneumonia and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). All SAM children of either sex, aged 0-59 months, admitted to the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh with radiologically confirmed pneumonia from April 2011 to July 2012 were enrolled (n = 405). Comparison was made between pneumonic SAM children with (cases = 18), and without (controls = 387) bacteraemia. The death rate was significantly higher in cases than controls (28% vs. 8%, P < 0·01). In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, the SAM children with pneumonia and bacteraemia more often had a history of lack of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination (odds ratio 7·39, 95% confidence interval 1·67-32·73, P < 0·01). The results indicate the importance of continuation of BCG vaccination which may provide benefit beyond its primary purpose.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chisti
authors.affiliation: Research & Clinical Administration and Strategy,ICDDR,B.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: A S M S B
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shahunja
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: A S G
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Faruque
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bardhan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shahrin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Food and Waterborne Diseases,ICDDR,B.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.affiliation: Centre for Communicable Diseases,ICDDR,B.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka,Bangladesh.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashraf
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine
keywords: severe acute malnutrition