title: A preliminary risk assessment of potential exposure to naturally occurring estrogens from Beijing (China) market milk products.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of the natural steroid hormones estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (αE2), 17β-estradiol (βE2) and estriol (E3) in 38 commercial milk samples obtained from markets in Beijing, China. Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to determine estrogens levels. The concentrations of E1, αE2, βE2 and E3 in different milk products varied from 0-146.12 ng/L, 0-70.12 ng/L, 0-31.85 ng/L to 0-2.18 ng/L, respectively. We compared exposures to estrogens through milk consumption with acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and threshold for toxicological concern (TTC) to determine whether estrogen intakes from milk consumption are larger or smaller than the toxicity-based benchmarks. The combined margin of safety MOS (MOST) for total estrogens are about 72-99, 118-161, 539-1104, for 2-4, 4-7 year-old residential children, and adults, respectively. The lowest MOST for children of 2-4 years old result from comparing total of estrogens with the lowest TTC value (0.15 μg/person/day) (MOS=3.5). The MOS values suggest that the individual and total estrogens that may present in milk are not causing a health risk for the local residents, including young children.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China. Electronic address: chengang01@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Air Force General Hospital, 100142 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kaiqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yongzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Dietary intakes; Estrogens; LC–MS/MS; Milk products; Risk assessment