title: Improvement of facial scar appearance and microcirculation by autologous lipofilling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autologous lipofilling has become a standard procedure for many indications in plastic surgery. Single-case studies have reported improvements in scars, especially in burn patients, after autologous lipofilling. Despite its widespread use, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for this improvement. It is hypothesized that the mesenchymal stem cells and numerous growth factors contained in the lipoaspirate contribute to the skin and scar remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2008 and 2012, 35 facial scars (n=35) on 26 patients (n=26) were treated by autologous lipofilling. The preoperative examinations and postoperative follow-up included use of the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS), photo documentation, and laser Doppler spectrometry (O2C) measurements of tissue oxygen saturation, hemoglobin levels, and microcirculation on the second, seventh, and ninetieth postoperative days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scar quality improved in all cases, leading to a high patient satisfaction rate at the final follow-up examination. The POSAS scores were significantly increased for pain (p=0.0331), color (p=0.0007), stiffness (p=0.0030), irregularity (p=0.0039), pigmentation (p=0.0282), and pliability (p=0.0404). In addition, we observed increased hemoglobin levels in the early postoperative period (second day) and a reduction in the microcirculation, which normalized to the preoperative values after 7-90 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that autologous lipofilling represents a valuable technique for the treatment of facial scars. Further prospective observational studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms leading to scar enhancement and to make this procedure more reliable and predictable for patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: npallua@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallua
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baroncini
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stromps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000628:therapy*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D015187:Lipectomy; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Autologous lipofilling; Laser Doppler spectrometry; Minimally invasive surgery; Scar correction; Tissue microcirculation