title: Seasonal migration of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over the Bohai Sea in northern China.
abstract: The rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is a serious insect pest of rice with a strong migratory ability. Previous studies on the migration of C. medinalis were mostly carried out in tropical or subtropical regions, however, and what the pattern of seasonal movements this species exhibits in temperate regions (i.e. Northern China, where they cannot overwinter) remains unknown. Here we present data from an 11-year study of this species made by searchlight trapping on Beihuang Island (BH, 38°24'N; 120°55'E) in the centre of the Bohai Strait, which provides direct evidence that C. medinalis regularly migrates across this sea into northeastern agricultural region of China, and to take advantage of the abundant food resources there during the summer season. There was considerable seasonal variation in number of C. medinalis trapped on BH, and the migration period during 2003-2013 ranged from 72 to 122 days. Some females trapped in June and July showed a relatively higher proportion of mated and a degree of ovarian development suggesting that the migration of this species is not completely bound by the 'oogenesis-flight syndrome'. These findings revealed a new route for C. medinalis movements to and from Northeastern China, which will help us develop more effective management strategies against this pest.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X-W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H-Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030032,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z-F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-Ecology,Rothamsted Research,Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ,UK.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-Ecology,Rothamsted Research,Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ,UK.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: K-M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012741:Sexual Maturation