title: Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells: a review of clinical applications and manufacturing practices.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently generated great interest in the fields of regenerative medicine and immunotherapy due to their unique biologic properties. In this review we attempt to provide an overview of the current clinical status of MSC therapy, primarily focusing on immunomodulatory and regenerative or tissue repair applications of MSCs. In addition, current manufacturing is reviewed with attention to variation in practices (e.g., starting material, approach to culture and product testing). There is considerable variation among the 218 clinical trials assessed here; variations include proposed mechanisms of action, optimal dosing strategy, and route of administration. To ensure the greatest likelihood of success in clinical trials as the field progresses, attention must be given to the optimization of MSC culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandīgarh, India.
authors.forename: Ratti Ram
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hubel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D011786:Quality Control; D012038:Regeneration