title: Validation and Analysis of Numerical Results for a Two-Pass Trapezoidal Channel With Different Cooling Configurations of Trailing Edge.
abstract: High inlet temperatures in a gas turbine lead to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine. This results in the requirement of cooling of gas turbine blades/vanes. Internal cooling of the gas turbine blade/vanes with the help of two-pass channels is one of the effective methods to reduce the metal temperatures. In particular, the trailing edge of a turbine vane is a critical area, where effective cooling is required. The trailing edge can be modeled as a trapezoidal channel. This paper describes the numerical validation of the heat transfer and pressure drop in a trapezoidal channel with and without orthogonal ribs at the bottom surface. A new concept of ribbed trailing edge has been introduced in this paper which presents a numerical study of several trailing edge cooling configurations based on the placement of ribs at different walls. The baseline geometries are two-pass trapezoidal channels with and without orthogonal ribs at the bottom surface of the channel. Ribs induce secondary flow which results in enhancement of heat transfer; therefore, for enhancement of heat transfer at the trailing edge, ribs are placed at the trailing edge surface in three different configurations: first without ribs at the bottom surface, then ribs at the trailing edge surface in-line with the ribs at the bottom surface, and finally staggered ribs. Heat transfer and pressure drop is calculated at Reynolds number equal to 9400 for all configurations. Different turbulent models are used for the validation of the numerical results. For the smooth channel low-Re k-ɛ model, realizable k-ɛ model, the RNG k-ω model, low-Re k-ω model, and SST k-ω models are compared, whereas for ribbed channel, low-Re k-ɛ model and SST k-ω models are compared. The results show that the low-Re k-ɛ model, which predicts the heat transfer in outlet pass of the smooth channels with difference of +7%, underpredicts the heat transfer by -17% in case of ribbed channel compared to experimental data. Using the same turbulence model shows that the height of ribs used in the study is not suitable for inducing secondary flow. Also, the orthogonal rib does not strengthen the secondary flow rotational momentum. The comparison between the new designs for trailing edge shows that if pressure drop is acceptable, staggered arrangement is suitable for the outlet pass heat transfer. For the trailing edge wall, the thermal performance for the ribbed trailing edge only was found about 8% better than other configurations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SE 10044, Sweden; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan e-mail:  Waseem.Siddique@energy.kth.se.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University in Cairo (AUC) , Cairo 11835 , Egypt.
authors.forename: Lamyaa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El-Gabry
authors.affiliation: MBtech Powertrain GmbH and Company , KgaA Salierstr. 38, Fellbach-Schmiden 70736 , Germany.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Shevchuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , Stockholm, SE 10044 , Sweden.
authors.forename: Torsten H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Fransson