title: Study of the effects of proline, phenylalanine, and urea foliar application to Tempranillo vineyards on grape amino acid content. Comparison with commercial nitrogen fertilisers.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the influence of foliar application of different nitrogen sources on grape amino acid content. The nitrogen sources applied to Tempranillo grapevines were proline, phenylalanine, urea, and two commercial nitrogen fertilisers, both without and with amino acids in their formulations. All treatments were applied at veraison and one week later. Proline treatment did not affect the must nitrogen composition. However, phenylalanine and urea foliar application enhanced the plants' synthesis of most of the amino acids, producing similar effects. In addition, the spray of commercial nitrogen fertilisers over leaves also induced a rise in grape amino acid concentrations regardless of the presence or absence of amino acids in their formulation. The most effective treatments were phenylalanine and urea followed by nitrogen fertilisers. This finding is of oenological interest for improved must nitrogen composition, ensuring better fermentation kinetics and most likely enhancing wine quality.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. Electronic address: Teresa.GardeCerdan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garde-Cerdán
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portu
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Arenzana
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López-Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. Electronic address: psantamaria@larioja.org.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santamaría
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005308:Fertilizers; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000032:analysis; D011392:Proline / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005308:Fertilizers; D010649:Phenylalanine; D014508:Urea; D011392:Proline; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Amino acids; Fertilisation; Foliar application; Grapevine; Vitis vinifera