title: Thyroid disease and the cardiovascular system.
abstract: Thyroid hormones, specifically triiodothyronine (T3), have significant effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, subclinical thyroid disease, and low T3 syndrome each cause cardiac and cardiovascular abnormalities through both genomic and nongenomic effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. In compromised health, such as occurs in heart disease, alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism may further impair cardiac and cardiovascular function. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease may benefit from including analysis of thyroid hormone status, including serum total T3 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Geology, Queensborough Community College, 222-05 56th Avenue, Bayside, NY 11364, USA. Electronic address: saradanzi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Private Office, 935 Northern Boulevard, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA.
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: Cardiac myocyte; Heart; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Subclinical; Thyroid hormone; Triiodothyronine