title: The association between campylobacteriosis, agriculture and drinking water: a case-case study in a region of British Columbia, Canada, 2005-2009.
abstract: We studied the association between drinking water, agriculture and sporadic human campylobacteriosis in one region of British Columbia (BC), Canada. We compared 2992 cases of campylobacteriosis to 4816 cases of other reportable enteric diseases in 2005-2009 using multivariate regression. Cases were geocoded and assigned drinking water source, rural/urban environment and socioeconomic status (SES) according to the location of their residence using geographical information systems analysis methods. The odds of campylobacteriosis compared to enteric disease controls were higher for individuals serviced by private wells than municipal surface water systems (odds ratio 1·4, 95% confidence interval 1·1-1·8). In rural settings, the odds of campylobacteriosis were higher in November (P = 0·014). The odds of campylobacteriosis were higher in individuals aged ⩾15 years, especially in those with higher SES. In this region of BC, campylobacteriosis risk, compared to other enteric diseases, seems to be mediated by vulnerable drinking water sources and rural factors. Consideration should be given to further support well-water users and to further study the microbiological impact of agriculture on water.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control,Vancouver, BC,Canada.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galanis
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control,Vancouver, BC,Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control,Vancouver, BC,Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otterstatter
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control,Vancouver, BC,Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Fraser Health Authority,Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zubel
authors.affiliation: Simon Fraser University,Canada.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Takaro
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control,Vancouver, BC,Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Public Health Agency of Canada,Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000562:Amebiasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D021866:Cyclosporiasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D060766:Drinking Water; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology; D004751:Enteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water