title: Flex-rigid pleuroscopy under local anesthesia in patients with dry pleural dissemination on radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical thoracoscopy using a flex-rigid pleuroscope under local anesthesia is a recent diagnostic procedure for malignant pleural disease. Although most previous studies have reported its usefulness, especially in wet pleural dissemination, the feasibility of flex-rigid pleuroscopy in patients with dry pleural dissemination is not well established.We assessed the diagnostic performance of flex-rigid pleuroscopy under local anesthesia in patients suspected of dry pleural dissemination on radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pleuroscopic parameters of all patients (n = 56) who underwent flex-rigid pleuroscopy at the National Cancer Center Hospital from October 2011 to September 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with computed tomography findings of asymmetric pleural thickening or pleural nodules without pleural effusion (dry group, n = 16) were compared with the remaining patients with pleural effusion (wet group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dry group consisted of eight men and eight women, with a median age of 61 years (range, 48-79 years). The definitive diagnoses were adenocarcinoma (n = 10), mesothelioma (n = 2) and chronic inflammation (n = 3). The diagnostic accuracy was 93.8% (15/16). Only two minor complications were observed: mild chest pain (n = 1) and transient hypoxia (n = 1). No major complications such as pneumothorax were observed. The mean duration of post-operative chest tube drainage in the dry group was 2.31 ± 2.26 days. Complications, operation duration and diagnostic accuracy did not statistically differ between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flex-rigid pleuroscopy under local anesthesia can be a well-tolerated diagnostic procedure for radiographic dry pleural dissemination with respect to diagnostic yield and complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ssasada@ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasada
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000592:standards*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: dry pleural dissemination; flex-rigid pleuroscopy; local anesthesia; pleural effusion