title: Laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal neural tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retroperitoneal neural tumor (RNT) is rarely excised laparoscopically, and the laparoscopic management of RNT remains controversial. We herein report 4 cases of laparoscopic excision of RNT that resulted in diverse clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2005 and January 2011, we performed laparoscopic excision of RNT in 4 patients. The mean tumor size was 4.5 cm. The mean operative time was 297 minutes and the mean amount of blood loss was 55 ml. The surgeries were uneventful, with no operative complications or evidence of intra-abdominal bleeding. However, 2 patients required reoperation for delayed hemorrhage and urinoma formation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative pathological diagnoses were schwannoma in 3 patients and ganglioneuroblastoma in 1 patient. All patients were well with no signs of peripheral neuropathy or radiculopathy, and CT and/or (18)F-FDG PET/CT performed during follow-up indicated no evidence of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obtaining extensive preoperative knowledge of the source neural and vascular anatomy of the tumor is important for the surgical planning of laparoscopic resection of RNT. When a great deal of care is taken to divide the tumor and the source nerves and vital vessels, safe execution of RNT can be achieved for minimal postoperative mortality and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morii
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuse
keywords: Ganglioneuroblastoma; Laparoscopy; Retroperitoneal neural tumor; Schwannoma