title: Nuclear CSPP1 expression defined subtypes of basal-like breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The multi-exon CSPP1 gene, encoding for centrosome and microtubule-associated proteins involved in ciliogenesis and cell division, is a candidate oncogene in luminal breast cancer but expression of CSPP1 proteins remained unexplored.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSPP1 gene and protein expression was examined in normal mammary tissue, human breast cancer cell lines, and primary breast cancer biopsies from two patient cohorts. Cell type and epitope-dependent subcellular-specific CSPP1 staining pattern in normal mammary gland epithelium and cancer biopsies were correlated to molecular and clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A novel, nuclear localised CSPP1 isoform was exclusively detected in luminal epithelial cells, whereas cytoplasmic CSPP-L was generally expressed in normal mammary epithelium. Luminal cell-related nuclear CSPP1 expression was preserved in type-matched cell lines and carcinomas, and correlated to gene copy number and mRNA expression. In contrast, basal-like carcinomas displayed generally lower CSPP1 mRNA expression. Yet, a subgroup of basal-like breast carcinomas depicted nuclear CSPP1 expression, displayed luminal traits, and differed from nuclear CSPP1 devoid counterparts in expression of eight genes. Eight-gene signature defined groups of basal-like tumours from an independent cohort showed significant differences in survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential expression of a nuclear CSPP1 isoform identified biologically and clinically distinct subgroups of basal-like breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sternemalm
authors.affiliation: 1] Departments of Genetics, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway [2] Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway [3] K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Russnes
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway [2] Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Risberg
authors.affiliation: 1] Departments of Genetics, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway [2] K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nord
authors.affiliation: 1] Breast Cancer Functional Genomics, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Li Ka-Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK [3] Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital and Cambridge National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.affiliation: 1] Departments of Genetics, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway [2] K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Børresen-Dale
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stokke
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospitals - Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patzke
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018295:Neoplasms, Basal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C514207:CSPP1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins