title: The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the bipolar depression rating scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unipolar depression and bipolar depression differ in their clinical presentations, and the conventional depression rating scales fail to capture these differences. Recently, a new scale to rate the severity of depression in bipolar disorder was developed, and this study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of this scale in a Turkish clinical sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 patients (30 males, 51 females) diagnosed with bipolar depression according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria at three different sites in Turkey were interviewed with the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Depression and Excitement subscales. Internal consistency, interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the BDRS were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Turkish version of the BDRS had an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.786). Moderate to strong correlations between the BDRS, and the MADRS (r=0.808), and the PANSS-D (r=0.426) were observed, and the BDRS correlated weakly to moderately with the PANSS-E (r=0.297), and the YMRS (r=0.368). The mixed symptom cluster score of the BDRS significantly correlated with the YMRS (r=0.755), and the PANSS-E (r=0.712). Exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution. These factors corresponded to somatic depression, psychological depression, and mixed symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the Turkish version of the BDRS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptomatology in bipolar disorder. The scale has good internal validity, strong interrater reliability, and moderate to strong correlations with other depression rating scales.
authors.affiliation: Mersin State Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Mersin, Turkey. Electronic address: sedat.batmaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batmaz
authors.affiliation: Diskapi YB Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozdel
authors.affiliation: Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocbiyik
authors.affiliation: Diskapi YB Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karadag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014177:Translations; D014421:Turkey