title: Negative Urgency Mediates the Relationship between Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex Activation to Negative Emotional Stimuli and General Risk-Taking.
abstract: The tendency toward impulsive behavior under emotional duress (negative and positive urgency) predicts a wide range of maladaptive risk-taking and behavioral disorders. However, it remains unclear how urgency relates to limbic system activity as induced from emotional provocation. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the relationship between brain responses to visual emotional stimuli and urgency traits. Twenty-seven social drinkers (mean age = 25.2, 14 males) viewed negative (Neg), neutral (Neu), and positive (Pos) images during 6 fMRI scans. Brain activation was extracted from a priori limbic regions previously identified in studies of emotional provocation. The right posterior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and left amygdala were activated in the [Neg>Neu] contrast, whereas the left posterior OFC was activated in the [Pos>Neu] contrast. Negative urgency was related to the right lateral OFC (r = 0.43, P = 0.03) and the left amygdala (r = 0.39, P = 0.04) [Neg>Neu] activation. Negative urgency also mediated the relationship between [Neg>Neu] activation and general risk-taking (regression weights = 3.42 for right OFC and 2.75 for the left amygdala). Emotional cue-induced activation in right lateral OFC and left amygdala might relate to emotion-based risk-taking through negative urgency.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cyders
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzemidzic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Eiler
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Ayca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coskunpinar
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Kenny A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Karyadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kareken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D066272:Basolateral Nuclear Complex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: emotion; externalizing; fMRI imaging; impulsivity; risky behaviors