title: Dynamics of quinolone resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of finishing pigs after ciprofloxacin administration.
abstract: Escherichia coli resistance to quinolones has now become a serious issue in large-scale pig farms of China. It is necessary to study the dynamics of quinolone resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of pigs after antimicrobial administration. Here, we present the hypothesis that the emergence of resistance in pigs requires drug accumulation for 7 days or more. To test this hypothesis, 26 pigs (90 days old, about 30 kg) not fed any antimicrobial after weaning were selected and divided into 2 equal groups: the experimental (EP) group and control (CP) group. Pigs in the EP group were orally treated daily with 5 mg ciprofloxacin/kg of body weight for 30 days, and pigs in the CP group were fed a normal diet. Fresh feces were collected at 16 time points from day 0 to day 61. At each time point, ten E. coli clones were tested for susceptibility to quinolones and mutations of gyrA and parC. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ciprofloxacin increased 16-fold compared with the initial MIC (0.5 µg/ml) after ciprofloxacin administration for 3 days and decreased 256-fold compared with the initial MIC (0.5 µg/ml) after ciprofloxacin withdrawal for 26 days. GyrA (S83L, D87N/ D87Y) and parC (S80I) substitutions were observed in all quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) clones with an MIC ≥8 µg/ml. This study provides scientific theoretical guidance for the rational use of antimicrobials and the control of bacterial resistance.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chang-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Qing-Qing
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: An-Yun
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chang-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Zhong-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hong-Ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002681:China; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D002939:Ciprofloxacin