title: Positive regulations of adipogenesis by Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum] in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intramuscular fat deposition in the meat animal is relatively new strategy for developing the meat quality. Fat deposition is largely depending on the adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of chloroform extract of L. multiflorum [CELM] on cell proliferation, lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and body weight of mouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 6,9-Octadecatrienoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, butane-2,3-diol and hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol in CELM. L. multiflorum extract increased the cell viability, lipid accumulation, cell cycle progression and key transcriptional and secretory factors like PPRAγ2, C/CEBP-α, adiponectin, aP2, GLUT-4, FAS and SREBP-1 mRNA expression as compared with control cells. For in-vivo, mice administered with CELM significantly increased body weight throughout the experiment periods. Further, the identified fatty acids like 3, 6, 9-Octadecatrienoic acid and Hexadecanoic acid was docked with target protein [PPRAγ2] using HEX 6.12. The least binding energy considered as high affinity with target protein. The maximum affinity with the target protein was observed in the Hexadecanoic acid followed by 3, 6, 9-Octadecatrienoic acid. The binding efficacy of Hexadecanoic acid and 3, 6, 9-Octadecatrienoic acid to the active site of PPAR-γ2 may be enhanced the adipocyte differentiations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that CELM stimulates adipogenesis via activating the PPARγ-mediated signaling pathway in adipocyte which could be useful for the development of meat quality in animals.
authors.forename: Soundarrajan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilavenil
authors.forename: Mariadhas Valan
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Arasu
authors.forename: Jeong-Chae
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Da Hye
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mayakrishnan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.forename: Kyung Dong
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Grassland and forage division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Korea. choiwh@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Ki Choon
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008129:Lolium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger