title: Imaging and interpretation of axial spondylarthritis: the radiologist's perspective--consensus of the Arthritis Subcommittee of the ESSR.
abstract: This article reflects the radiologist's perspective on the imaging and interpretation of axial spondylarthritis (SpA). The arthritis subcommittee of the European Society of Skeletal Radiology provides a consensus for the following questions: When and how should we image? How should we analyze the images? How should we interpret the imaging findings? To answer these questions, we address the indications in imaging axial SpA and the different imaging techniques, with a special focus on magnetic resonance imaging protocols. The value of different imaging modalities is discussed. For adequate image analysis, knowledge of the anatomy and the pathologic changes in chronic and acute inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and the spine is mandatory. Differential diagnoses of inflammatory lesions of the sacroiliac joints and the spine are addressed due to their importance in image interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schueller-Weidekamm
authors.affiliation: Hospital da Luz, ESS, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vasco V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sudol-Szopinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille and Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boutry
authors.affiliation: Radiologist, Private Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plagou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Section Rheumatology and Sports Imaging, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Platzgummer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Beligium.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jans
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kainberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aström
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medical, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eshed
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015299:Discitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis; D010000:Osteitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D055013:Osteoarthritis, Spine / Q000175:diagnosis; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000473:pathology; D058566:Sacroiliitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis; D055035:Spinal Osteochondrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media