title: Movement Forms: A Graph-Dynamic Perspective.
abstract: The focus of this paper is on characterizing the physical movement forms (e.g., walk, crawl, roll, etc.) that can be used to actualize abstract, functionally-specified behavioral goals (e.g., locomotion). Emphasis is placed on how such forms are distinguished from one another, in part, by the set of topological patterns of physical contact between agent and environment (i.e., the set ofphysical graphsassociated with each form) and the transitions among these patterns displayed over the course of performance (i.e., the form'sphysical graph dynamics). Crucial in this regard is the creation and dissolution of loops in these graphs, which can be related to the distinction between open and closed kinematic chains. Formal similarities are described within the theoretical framework oftask-dynamicsbetween physically-closed kinematic chains (physical loops) that are created during various movement forms and functionally-closed kinematic chains (functional loops) that are associated with task-space control of end-effectors; it is argued that both types of loop must be flexibly incorporated into the coordinative structures that govern skilled action. Final speculation is focused on the role of graphs and their dynamics, not only in processes of coordination and control for individual agents, but also in processes of inter-agent coordination and the coupling of agents with (non-sentient) environmental objects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Haskins Laboratories.
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holt