title: Increasing the repeating units of ethylene glycol-based dimethacrylates directed toward reduced oxidative stress and co-stimulatory factors expression in human monocytic cells.
abstract: The ethylene glycol-based dimethacrylates are commonly used in biomaterials and dental restorative materials as a cross-linking agent. In this study, toxic effect of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEG-DMAs) with various ethylene glycol repeating units was investigated in terms of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the expression of co-stimulatory factors in human leukemia cell line (THP-1 cells) to verify the effect of ethylene glycol repeating units. Note that the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient of PEG-based dimethacrylates decreased with increasing the ethylene glycol repeating units, indicating that the hydrophilicity of PEG-DMAs increased with ethylene glycol repeating units. The toxic effect of PEG-DMAs such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the expression of CD86 in treated THP-1 cells are reduced with increasing the ethylene glycol repeating units in PEG-DMAs. However, the expression of CD54 in treated THP-1 cells was not influenced with the ethylene glycol repeating units and the maximal expression level of CD54 was observed at the concentration range of 2-4 mM for all samples. Accordingly, hydrophilic character of PEG-DMAs with long ethylene glycol chains definitely alleviates the some toxic aspect of PEG-based DMAs. This finding would provide important insight into the design of new biomaterials and dental materials with superior biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yui
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C421283:poly(ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: co-stimulatory factor; dental resins; oxidative stress; poly(ethylene glycol); triethylene glycol dimethacrylate