title: One-year changes in bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in premenopausal amateur runners: a prospective study.
abstract: A prospective study was conducted to clarify the 1-year changes in lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in premenopausal amateur runners and to determine whether jumping and muscle-strengthening exercises have additive effects on the bone parameters in these runners. Thirty-six premenopausal amateur runners were recruited and were divided into the following two groups: a jumping plus muscle-strengthening exercise group (n =21) and a control group (n =15). All participants continued their running practice for 1 year, and the lumbar spine and total hip BMD and bone turnover markers were monitored. For all participants, the lumbar spine and total hip BMD increased modestly after 1 year (1.31% and 1.54%, respectively) in addition to increases in the bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels (13.2%-27.8%), indicating mild effects of running activity on bone turnover and BMD at clinically relevant skeletal sites. Jumping plus muscle-strengthening exercises did not significantly influence any bone parameters; however, it was difficult to draw definite conclusions because compliance was poor. These results suggest that long-distance running at the recreational level may be useful in maintaining bone health in premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017697:Premenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012420:Running
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase