title: The roles of cohesins in mitosis, meiosis, and human health and disease.
abstract: Mitosis and meiosis are essential processes that occur during development. Throughout these processes, cohesion is required to keep the sister chromatids together until their separation at anaphase. Cohesion is created by multiprotein subunit complexes called cohesins. Although the subunits differ slightly in mitosis and meiosis, the canonical cohesin complex is composed of four subunits that are quite diverse. The cohesin complexes are also important for DNA repair, gene expression, development, and genome integrity. Here we provide an overview of the roles of cohesins during these different events as well as their roles in human health and disease, including the cohesinopathies. Although the exact roles and mechanisms of these proteins are still being elucidated, this review serves as a guide for the current knowledge of cohesins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brooker
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002842:Chromatids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003635:De Lange Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008540:Meiosis; D038901:X-Linked Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008938:Mitosis; D017085:alpha-Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D000097722:Cohesins