title: Advantages of binaural amplification to acceptable noise level of directional hearing aid users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to examine whether Acceptable Noise Levels (ANLs) would be lower (greater acceptance of noise) in binaural listening than in monaural listening condition and also whether meaningfulness of background speech noise would affect ANLs for directional microphone hearing aid users. In addition, any relationships between the individual binaural benefits on ANLs and the individuals' demographic information were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen hearing aid users (mean age, 64 years) participated for experimental testing. For the ANL calculation, listeners' most comfortable listening levels and background noise level were measured. Using Korean ANL material, ANLs of all participants were evaluated under monaural and binaural amplification with a counterbalanced order. The ANLs were also compared across five types of competing speech noises, consisting of 1- through 8-talker background speech maskers. Seven young normal-hearing listeners (mean age, 27 years) participated for the same measurements as a pilot testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that directional hearing aid users accepted more noise (lower ANLs) with binaural amplification than with monaural amplification, regardless of the type of competing speech. When the background speech noise became more meaningful, hearing-impaired listeners accepted less amount of noise (higher ANLs), revealing that ANL is dependent on the intelligibility of the competing speech. The individuals' binaural advantages in ANLs were significantly greater for the listeners with longer experience of hearing aids, yet not related to their age or hearing thresholds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binaural directional microphone processing allowed hearing aid users to accept a greater amount of background noise, which may in turn improve listeners' hearing aid success. Informational masking substantially influenced background noise acceptance. Given a significant association between ANLs and duration of hearing aid usage, ANL measurement can be useful for clinical counseling of binaural hearing aid candidates or unsuccessful users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. ; Department of Audiology, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ja-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Soree Ear Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Acceptable noise level; Binaural amplification; Directional microphone hearing aids