title: Solitary schwannoma of the gallbladder: a case report and literature review.
abstract: Schwannomas occurring in the gallbladder are extremely rare. Preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder schwannomas appears to be very difficult because they are normally asymptomatic and are often found incidentally. Until now, only five cases have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of gallbladder schwannomas have not been reported before in other studies. We treated a 55-year-old male patient with gallbladder schwannoma in China. He had no symptoms, and the lesion was incidentally found by conventional ultrasound (US) when performing a health examination. The patient had normal liver function; moreover, serum carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein were within the normal ranges. The lesion showed no blood flow signals on color Doppler US, and the wall beneath the lesion was intact on CEUS. The lesion was believed to be a benign entity; in addition, gallbladder adenomyomatosis was suspected. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed to remove the mass. Pathological examination revealed that the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells; neither atypical cells nor signs of malignancy were found. Immunohistochemical staining showed a strong positive S-100 protein reaction. Vimentin and CD56 staining were also positive, whereas CD34 and CD117 were negative. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed as schwannoma. Herein, we report the case; the associated literature is also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Lin-Na Liu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Shu-Guang Zheng, Li-Ping Sun, Le-Hang Guo, Jian Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Lin-Na Liu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Shu-Guang Zheng, Li-Ping Sun, Le-Hang Guo, Jian Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Xiong
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Lin-Na Liu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Shu-Guang Zheng, Li-Ping Sun, Le-Hang Guo, Jian Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Lin-Na Liu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Shu-Guang Zheng, Li-Ping Sun, Le-Hang Guo, Jian Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Lin-Na Liu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Shu-Guang Zheng, Li-Ping Sun, Le-Hang Guo, Jian Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Le-Hang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Lin-Na Liu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Shu-Guang Zheng, Li-Ping Sun, Le-Hang Guo, Jian Wu, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002681:China; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D003287:Contrast Media; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
keywords: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Gallbladder; Schwannoma; Ultrasound