title: Effects of NAA and BAP, double-layered media, and light distance on in vitro regeneration of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus), an aquatic edible plant.
abstract: In vitro direct regeneration of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. was successfully achieved from immature explants (yellow plumule) cultured on a solid MS media supplemented with combinations of 0.5 mg/L BAP and 1.5 mg/L NAA which resulted in 16.00 ± 0.30 number of shoots per explant and exhibited a new characteristic of layered multiple shoots, while normal roots formed on the solid MS basal media. The double-layered media gave the highest number of shoots per explant with a ratio of 2 : 1 (liquid to solid) with a mean number of 16.67 ± 0.23 shoots per explant with the formation of primary and secondary roots from immature explants. In the study involving light distance, the tallest shoot (16.67 ± 0.23 mm) obtained from the immature explants was at a light distance of 200 mm from the source of inflorescent light (1000 lux). The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in clay loam soil after 8 months being maintained under in vitro conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noraini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahmad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosna Mat
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Herbarium Unit, Department of Landscape Architecture (KAED), International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rashidi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Faculty of Applied Science, MARA University of Technology, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture Sciences, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Azlina
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hasbullah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hashimah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009284:Naphthols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009284:Naphthols; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D019342:Acetic Acid