title: HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of weekly albiglutide with daily sitagliptin, daily glimepiride, and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin were randomized to albiglutide (30 mg), sitagliptin (100 mg), glimepiride (2 mg), or placebo. Blinded dose titration for albiglutide (to 50 mg) and glimepiride (to 4 mg) was based on predefined hyperglycemia criteria. The primary end point was change in HbA1c from baseline at week 104. Secondary end points included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), weight, and time to hyperglycemic rescue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar among the albiglutide (n = 302), glimepiride (n = 307), sitagliptin (n = 302), and placebo (n = 101) groups. Baseline HbA1c was 8.1% (65.0 mmol/mol); mean age was 54.5 years. The mean doses for albiglutide and glimepiride at week 104 were 40.5 and 3.1 mg, respectively. At week 104, albiglutide significantly reduced HbA1c compared with placebo (-0.9% [-9.8 mmol/mol]; P < 0.0001), sitagliptin (-0.4% [-4.4 mmol/mol]; P = 0.0001), and glimepiride (-0.3% [-3.3 mmol/mol]; P = 0.0033). Outcomes for FPG and HbA1c were similar. Weight change from baseline for each were as follows: albiglutide -1.21 kg (95% CI -1.68 to -0.74), placebo -1.00 kg (95% CI -1.81 to -0.20), sitagliptin -0.86 kg (95% CI -1.32 to -0.39), glimepiride 1.17 kg (95% CI 0.70-1.63). The difference between albiglutide and glimepiride was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Hyperglycemic rescue rate at week 104 was 25.8% for albiglutide compared with 59.2% (P < 0.0001), 36.4% (P = 0.0118), and 32.7% (P = 0.1504) for placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride, respectively. Rates of serious adverse events in the albiglutide group were similar to comparison groups. Diarrhea (albiglutide 12.9%, other groups 8.6-10.9%) and nausea (albiglutide 10.3%, other groups 6.2-10.9%) were generally the most frequently reported gastrointestinal events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Added to metformin, albiglutide was well tolerated; produced superior reductions in HbA1c and FPG at week 104 compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride; and resulted in weight loss compared with glimepiride.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahrén
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, PA.
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: RD Projects Clinical Platforms & Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, U.K.
authors.forename: Deborah T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Cirkel
authors.affiliation: Alternate Development Program, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, PA.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Alternate Development Program, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, PA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC mark.feinglos@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Mark N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Feinglos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D011719:Pyrazines; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014230:Triazoles; C534611:rGLP-1 protein; C057619:glimepiride