title: CD14 polymorphisms, microbial exposure and allergic diseases: a systematic review of gene-environment interactions.
abstract: Asthma and allergy may develop as a result of interactions between environmental factors and the genetic characteristics of an individual. This review aims to summarize the available evidence for, and potential effects of, an interaction between polymorphisms of the CD14 gene and exposure to microbes on the risk of asthma and allergic diseases. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and Global Health databases, finding 12 articles which met inclusion criteria. Most studies reported a significant interaction between CD14 polymorphisms and microbial exposure. When stratified by age at microbial exposure (early life vs adult life), there was evidence of a protective effect of gene-environment interaction against atopy in children, but not adults. We also found different effects of interaction depending on the type of microbial exposures. There was no strong evidence for asthma and eczema. Future studies should consider a three-way interaction between CD14 gene polymorphisms, microbial exposures and the age of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: M Y Z
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dharmage
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lodge
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Matheson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D004731:Endotoxins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
keywords: CD14; asthma; atopy; endotoxin; gene-environment interaction