title: Effect of annealing on the structural, morphological and photoluminescence properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spin coating.
abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by a sol-gel method using the spin coating technique. The ZnO films were annealed at 700°C in an oxygen environment using different annealing times ranging from 1 to 4 h. It was observed that all the annealed films exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The particle size increased from 65 to 160 nm with the increase in annealing time, while the roughness of the films increased from 2.3 to 10.6 nm with the increase in the annealing time. Si diffusion from the substrate into the ZnO layer occurred during the annealing process. It is likely that the Si and O2 influenced the emission of the ZnO by reducing the amount of Zn defects and the creation of new oxygen related defects during annealing in the O2 atmosphere. The emission intensity was found to be dependent on the reflectance of the thin films.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300, South Africa. Electronic address: vinod.phy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Som
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yousif
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Science, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110 021, India; Department of Electronics, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 034, India.
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ntwaeaborwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Science, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110 021, India.
authors.forename: Avinashi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300, South Africa. Electronic address: swarthc@ufs.ac.za.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Swart
keywords: Annealing time; Auger electron spectroscopy; Sol–gel; Spin coating; ZnO thin films