title: Emergence of HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer in Black patients over time: University of Maryland 1992-2007.
abstract: While we previously reported a striking racial difference in the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC), less is known about differences in outcomes and trends over time in OPSCC by HPV status and race. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 467 patients with OPSCC treated at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center (Baltimore, MD) between 1992 and 2007, of which 200 had tissue available for HPV16 testing. HPV16-positive patients were significantly more likely to be white, with 45.5% of whites and 15.5% of blacks testing positive for HPV16. There was a significant increase in HPV16-positive OPSCC for all patients over time from 15.6% in 1992 to 1995 to 43.3% in 2004 to 2007 (P = 0.01). From 1992 to 1995, 33% of white patients were HPV16-positive, with no black patients positive. From 2004 to 2007, 17.7% of black patients and 54% of white patients were HPV16-positive. White and black patients with HPV16-positive tumors had an identical and favorable overall survival (OS; median, 8.1 and 8.1 years, respectively). However, among HPV16-negative patients, whites had an improved OS compared with blacks (median, 2.3 vs. 0.9 years, respectively; P = 0.02), including when analyzed in a multivariable Cox regression model. From 1992 to 2007, the percentage of HPV16-positive OPSCC increased for white patients and was seen for the first time in black patients. While survival for HPV-positive black and white patients was similar and favorable, outcomes for HPV-negative patients were poor, with blacks having worse survival even after controlling for baseline characteristics.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Dan P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zandberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Olga G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Goloubeva
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schumaker
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. kcullen@umm.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People