title: Postoperative radiotherapy for glioma: improved delineation of the clinical target volume using the geodesic distance calculation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a new method for generating the clinical target volume (CTV) from gross tumor volume (GTV) using the geodesic distance calculation for glioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  One glioblastoma patient was enrolled. The GTV and natural barriers were contoured on each slice of the computer tomography (CT) simulation images. Then, a graphic processing unit based on a parallel Euclidean distance transform was used to generate the CTV considering natural barriers. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization technique was applied to show the delineation results. Speed of operation and precision were compared between this new delineation method and the traditional method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In considering spatial barriers, the shortest distance from the point sheltered from these barriers equals the sum of the distance along the shortest path between the two points; this consists of several segments and evades the spatial barriers, rather than being the direct Euclidean distance between two points. The CTV was generated irregularly rather than as a spherical shape. The time required to generate the CTV was greatly reduced. Moreover, this new method improved inter- and intra-observer variability in defining the CTV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the traditional CTV delineation, this new method using geodesic distance calculation not only greatly shortens the time to modify the CTV, but also has better reproducibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: DanFang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: SenXiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: ZhongJie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of CAD & CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of CAD & CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of CAD & CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Haogang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: LingYan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015588:Observer Variation; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D047368:Tumor Burden