title: Hydraulic pressures generated in magnetic ionic liquids by paramagnetic fluid/air interfaces inside of uniform tangential magnetic fields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnetic Ionic Liquid (MILs), novel magnetic molecules that form "pure magnetic liquids," will follow the Ferrohydrodynamic Bernoulli Relationship. Based on recent literature, the modeling of this fluid system is an open issue and potentially controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We imposed uniform magnetic fields parallel to MIL/air interfaces where the capillary forces were negligible, the Quincke Problem. The size and location of the bulk fluid as well as the size and location of the fluid/air interface inside of the magnetic field were varied. MIL properties varied included the density, magnetic susceptibility, chemical structure, and magnetic element.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uniform tangential magnetic fields pulled the MILs up counter to gravity. The forces per area were not a function of the volume, the surface area inside of the magnetic field, or the volume displacement. However, the presence of fluid/air interfaces was necessary for the phenomena. The Ferrohydrodynamic Bernoulli Relationship predicted the phenomena with the forces being directly related to the fluid's volumetric magnetic susceptibility and the square of the magnetic field strength. [emim][FeCl4] generated the greatest hydraulic head (64-mm or 910 Pa at 1.627 Tesla). This work could aid in experimental design, when free surfaces are involved, and in the development of MIL applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA. Electronic address: scovazzo@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scovazzo
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE-CQFB, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. Electronic address: cmp@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: Carla A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Portugal
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMED.UL), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: rosatella@ff.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Andreia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rosatella
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMED.UL), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: carlosafonso@ff.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Carlos A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE-CQFB, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. Electronic address: jgc@fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: João G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Crespo
keywords: Magnetic Ionic Liquid; Magnetic energy density; Magnetic force density; Magnetic surface force; Room temperature ionic liquid; The Ferrohydrodynamic Bernoulli Relationship