title: Antiadherent activity of Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana extracts on in vitro biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiadherent property of crude, methanol and acetate methanol extract fractions from Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana in hydroalcoholic (HA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvents on in vitro biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  The minimal concentration of adherence (MICA) was determined to evaluate the antiadherent potential of extracts on the in vitro biofilm formation. The extracts of plants were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to detect what class of compounds was responsible for the antiadherent activity. Data were estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Tukey test level of significance set at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both plants demonstrated inhibition of S. mutans and C. albicans on in vitro biofilm formation. The biofilms of C. albicans were more efficiently inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius fraction of acetate-methanol and methanol in hydroalcoholic solvents (p<0.05). The S. mutans biofilms adherence was best inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius crude extract and its methanolic fraction, both in hydroalcoholic solvent (p<0.05). TLC of crude extracts and fractions of S. terebinthifolius detected the presence of several active compounds, including phenolic compounds, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and alkaloids. C. urucurana extracts confirmed activity for both microorganisms (p<0.05). However, higher concentrations were needed to achieve antiadherent activity, mainly to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation of C. albicans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antiadherent potential of both plants on in vitro biofilms formed by C. albicans and S. mutans were confirmed, suggesting the importance of studies about these extracts for therapeutic prevention of oral diseases associated with oral biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dicler S V
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tonial
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Institute, Assunção, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Patricia V A
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz H L N
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sales Maia
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Germana D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Biological Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: cglienke@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Chirlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glienke
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: vaniava63@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vania A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vicente
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D029802:Croton / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Adherence; Biofilm; Candida albicans; Plant extracts; Streptococcus mutans