title: Cytoskeletal reorganization evoked by Rho-associated kinase- and protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of cofilin and heat shock protein 27, respectively, contributes to myogenic constriction of rat cerebral arteries.
abstract: Our understanding of the molecular events contributing to myogenic control of diameter in cerebral resistance arteries in response to changes in intravascular pressure, a fundamental mechanism regulating blood flow to the brain, is incomplete. Myosin light chain kinase and phosphatase activities are known to be increased and decreased, respectively, to augment phosphorylation of the 20-kDa regulatory light chain subunits (LC20) of myosin II, which permits cross-bridge cycling and force development. Here, we assessed the contribution of dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and thin filament regulation to the myogenic response and serotonin-evoked constriction of pressurized rat middle cerebral arteries. Arterial diameter and the levels of phosphorylated LC(20), calponin, caldesmon, cofilin, and HSP27, as well as G-actin content, were determined. A decline in G-actin content was observed following pressurization from 10 mm Hg to between 40 and 120 mm Hg and in three conditions in which myogenic or agonist-evoked constriction occurred in the absence of a detectable change in LC20 phosphorylation. No changes in thin filament protein phosphorylation were evident. Pressurization reduced G-actin content and elevated the levels of cofilin and HSP27 phosphorylation. Inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase and PKC prevented the decline in G-actin; reduced cofilin and HSP27 phosphoprotein content, respectively; and blocked the myogenic response. Furthermore, phosphorylation modulators of HSP27 and cofilin induced significant changes in arterial diameter and G-actin content of myogenically active arteries. Taken together, our findings suggest that dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton involving increased actin polymerization in response to Rho-associated kinase and PKC signaling contributes significantly to force generation in myogenic constriction of cerebral resistance arteries.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno-Domínguez
authors.forename: Ahmed F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: El-Yazbi
authors.forename: Hai-Lei
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Olaia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Colinas
authors.forename: X Zoë
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Dylan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kargacin
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051339:Actin Depolymerizing Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002539:Cerebral Arterial Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051606:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000096985:Calponins
chemical_list: D051339:Actin Depolymerizing Factors; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D051606:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000096985:Calponins; C486114:Hspb1 protein, rat; C496765:Grk1 protein, rat