title: Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are elevated in the Guillain-Barré syndrome and downregulated by IVIg treatments.
abstract: The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is considered a T helper 1 (Th1) cells-mediated acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. However, some changes in GBS could not be explained completely by Th1 cells pathogenic role. Recently, Th17 cells have been identified and can mediate tissue inflammation and autoimmune response. Therefore, a study on the role of Th17 and Th22 cells and their cytokines in GBS is necessary for exploring the pathogenesis of GBS. Here, we detected the frequency of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells by using 4-color flow cytometry and we detected the plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 by ELISA in GBS patients, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients at the acute phase of relapse, viral encephalitis or meningitis patients and healthy controls. Our data showed that the frequency of circulating Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells was significantly increased in GBS patients. The plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in GBS and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at the acute phase of relapse were also markedly elevated. Enhanced circulating Th22 cells were correlated with GBS severity. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy downregulated Th17, and Th22 cells and the plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in GBS patients. Th17 and Th22 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS, and intravenous immunoglobulin mediates therapeutic effects by downregulating these cells and their cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; Department of Neurology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8282-7500
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Fanhua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hernan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Concha Quezada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China ; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult; D000097043:Interleukin-22
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007378:Interleukins; D000097043:Interleukin-22