title: Usefulness of Integrated PET/MRI in Head and Neck Cancer: A Preliminary Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The new modality of an integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has recently been introduced but not validated. Our objective was to evaluate clinical performance of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/MRI in patients with head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted between January 2013 and February 2013. Ten patients (eight men, two women; mean age, 61.4 ± 13.4 years) with histologically proven head and neck tumors were enrolled. Whole-body PET/MRI and regional positron emission tomography (PET) with dedicated MRI were sequentially obtained. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis and contrast enhancement were analyzed. A total of ten whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), ten regional positron emission tomography (PET), ten dedicated MRI and ten regional PET/gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (Gd)-MRI images were analyzed for initial staging. Two nuclear medicine physicians analyzed positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/MRI with a consensus. One radiologist analyzed dedicated MRI. The primary lesions and number of metastatic lymph nodes analyzed from each image were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients were diagnosed with head and neck cancer (one tongue cancer, four tonsillar cancers, one nasopharyngeal cancer and two hypopharyngeal cancers) by histological diagnosis. Two benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor) were diagnosed with surgical operation. Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) and regional positron emission tomography (PET) attenuated by MRI showed good image quality for the lesion detection. Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) and regional positron emission tomography (PET) detected ten primary sites and compensated for a missed lesion on dedicated MRI. A discordant number of suspicious lymph node metastases was noted according to the different images; 22, 16, 39 and 40 in the whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) only, dedicated MR, regional positron emission tomography (PET) only and regional PET/Gd-MRI, respectively. There was no distant metastasis based on analysis of whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) and whole-body PET/Dixon-volume interpolated breathhold examination (VIBE) MRI. Regional PET/Gd-MRI combined with whole-body PET/MRI modified staging in three patients. Lesions of primary tumor and suspicious metastasis were well detected on both value of SUVmax and visual analysis. The regional PET/Gd-MRI combined with whole-body PET/MRI showed convenient clinical staging performance compared with positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary study, PET attenuated by MRI showed good image quality to detect lesions. And whole-body PET/MRI as a single modality was feasible for staging in a clinical setting. Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), regional positron emission tomography (PET), dedicated MRI and regional PET/Gd-MRI showed discordant results in lesion detection. These discordant results might be synergistic effect for accurate staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, WCU Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Jeong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, WCU Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Radiological Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
authors.forename: E Edmund
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Keon Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Paeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: June-Key
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, WCU Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Head and neck cancer; Integrated PET/MRI; MRI; Oncology; PET