title: Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates diabetes-induced renal damage through the advanced glycation end product-related pathway in db/db mice.
abstract: This study was conducted to examine whether oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced alterations, such as advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation or apoptosis in the kidneys of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes. Oligonol [10 or 20 mg/(kg body weight · d), orally] was administered every day for 8 wk to prediabetic db/db mice, and its effect was compared with vehicle-treated db/db and normal control mice (m/m). The administration of oligonol decreased the elevated renal glucose concentrations and reactive oxygen species in db/db mice (P < 0.05). The increased serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, which reflect renal dysfunction in db/db mice, were substantially lowered by oligonol. Oligonol reduced renal protein expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22 phagocytic oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase-4), AGEs (except for pentosidine), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase B-targeting proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05). Oligonol improved the expressions of antiapoptotic [B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and survivin] and proapoptotic [Bcl-2-associated X protein, cytochrome c, and caspase-3] proteins in the kidneys of db/db mice (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results provide important evidence that oligonol exhibits a pleiotropic effect on AGE formation and apoptosis-related variables, representing renoprotective effects against the development of diabetic complications in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Hum
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan; and yokozawa@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp jsnoh2013@tu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Nam-gu, Korea yokozawa@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp jsnoh2013@tu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeong Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Noh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077022:Survivin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494827:Bax protein, mouse; C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C514283:oligonol; D002392:Catechin; D003404:Creatinine; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C422943:Nox4 protein, mouse; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3