title: Associations of objectively and subjectively measured sleep quality with subsequent cognitive decline in older community-dwelling men: the MrOS sleep study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations of objectively and subjectively measured sleep with subsequent cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six centers in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 2,822 cognitively intact community-dwelling older men (mean age 76.0 ± 5.3 y) followed over 3.4 ± 0.5 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OBJECTIVELY MEASURED SLEEP PREDICTORS FROM WRIST ACTIGRAPHY: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), number of long wake episodes (LWEP). Self-reported sleep predictors: sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), TST. Clinically significant cognitive decline: five-point decline on the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS), change score for the Trails B test time in the worse decile. Associations of sleep predictors and cognitive decline were examined with logistic regression and linear mixed models. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of WASO and LWEP and lower SE were associated with an 1.4 to 1.5-fold increase in odds of clinically significant decline (odds ratio 95% confidence interval) Trails B test: SE < 70% versus SE ≥ 70%: 1.53 (1.07, 2.18); WASO ≥ 90 min versus WASO < 90 min: 1.47 (1.09, 1.98); eight or more LWEP versus fewer than eight: 1.38 (1.02, 1.86). 3MS: eight or more LWEP versus fewer than eight: 1.36 (1.09, 1.71), with modest relationships to linear change in cognition over time. PSQI was related to decline in Trails B performance (3 sec/y per standard deviation increase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among older community-dwelling men, reduced sleep efficiency, greater nighttime wakefulness, greater number of long wake episodes, and poor self-reported sleep quality were associated with subsequent cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaffe
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laffan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA and the Veterans Affairs San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ancoli-Israel
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redline
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Kristine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ensrud
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Yeonsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Katie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017286:Polysomnography; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Aging; cognitive function; disturbed sleep; total sleep time