title: Spatial and temporal patterns of apparent electrical conductivity: DUALEM vs. Veris sensors for monitoring soil properties.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to compare two apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors (Veris 2000 XA and DUALEM 1S) for mapping variability of soil properties in a Mediterranean shallow soil. This study also aims at studying the effect of soil cover vegetation on the ECa measurement by the two types of sensors. The study was based on two surveys carried out under two very different situations: in February of 2012, with low soil moisture content (SMC) and with high and differentiated vegetation development (non grazed pasture), and in February of 2013, with high SMC and with short and relatively homogeneous vegetation development (grazed pasture). The greater temporal stability of Veris sensor, despite the wide variation in the SMC and vegetation ground cover indicates the suitability of using this sensor for monitoring soil properties in permanent pastures. The survey carried out with the DUALEM sensor in 2012 might have been affected by the presence of a 0.20 m vegetation layer at the soil surface, masking the soil properties. These differences should be considered in the selection of ECa sensing systems for a particular application.
authors.affiliation: University of Évora, ICAAM, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal. jmrs@uevora.pt.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: University of Évora, ICAAM, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal. shakib@uevora.pt.
authors.forename: Shakib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahidian
authors.affiliation: University of Évora, ICAAM, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal. jmsilva@uevora.pt.
authors.forename: José Marques da
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil