title: Prevalence of herpesviruses at onset of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is likely a primary immune disorder, but viruses might also be involved in the mechanisms of the disease. Here, we investigate the link between herpesvirus infection and the first manifestation of INS in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, multicentre, and population-based case-control study called NEPHROVIR included 164 patients, aged 6 months to 15 years old, newly diagnosed with INS, and 233 controls matched for gender, age, and period of sample. The analysis was done on 124 patients and 196 controls. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) DNA prevalence at diagnosis were assessed from whole peripheral blood samples, as well as EBV and CMV viral load and seroprevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBV DNA was significantly more prevalent in cases than in controls (50.8 vs 29.1 %; OR = 2.6; p = 0.0002), with no difference in viral load. A significant difference was also found for CMV (11.3 vs 3.6 %; p = 0.02) and HHV-7 (83 vs 72 %; p = 0.02) DNA prevalence between cases and controls. There were significantly more EBV and CMV recent infections or reactivations based on VCA-IgM and CMV IgM in cases than controls, while there were no differences in IgG seroprevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of positive EBV DNA detection and recent infection or reactivation is higher in children at onset of INS compared to a population matched for age, gender, and time of sampling.
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48Bd Serurier, Paris, 75935 Cedex 19, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dossier
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sellier-Leclerc
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: Yanne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautheret-Dejean
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Englender
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madhi
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charbit
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulinski
authors.forename: Tabassome
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacqz-Aigrain
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deschênes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral