title: Effects of PEMF exposure at different pulses on osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) were considered to be a factor which may affect osteogenesis of osteoblasts, but the effects were diverse with different PEMF parameters. The aim of the current study is to explore the effects of exposure to PEMFs at different pulse number on osteogenesis of osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to 0, 400 or 2800 pulses 400kV/m PEMF and the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of cells were observed after PEMF exposure by the methods of MTT, biochemical measurement, real-time PCR and Alizarin Red assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with 0 pulses groups, the growth curve, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mRNA level of osteocalcin (OCN) and mineralized nodule formation of MC3T3-E1 cells did not change after 400 pulses PEMF exposure, but decreased after 2800 pulses PEMF exposure. It suggested that under our experimental conditions, only 2800 pulses 400kV/m PEMF exposure can suppress the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, but 400 pulses 400kV/m PEMF exposure cannot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulse number is another involved parameter which may influence the effects of PEMF on osteogenesis of osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Kangchu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Shirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yurong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Guirong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Zenghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Junye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: malei1996@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: kangchu@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guozhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Electromagnetic field; Osteoblast; Osteogenesis; Pulse number