title: Milk and dairy consumption and risk of dementia in an elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of milk and dairy intake on the development of all-cause dementia and its subtypes in an elderly Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Hisayama Study, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals aged 60 and older without dementia (N = 1,081).
  
  
  METHODS
  Milk and dairy intake was estimated using a 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire grouped into quartiles. The risk estimates of milk and dairy intake on the development of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 17 years of follow-up, 303 subjects developed all-cause dementia; 166 had AD, and 98 had VaD. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD significantly decreased as milk and dairy intake level increased (P for trend = .03 for all-cause dementia, .04 for AD, .01 for VaD). After adjusting for potential confounders, the linear relationship between milk and dairy intake and development of AD remained significant (P for trend = .03), whereas the relationships with all-cause dementia and VaD were not significant. The risk of AD was significantly lower in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of milk and dairy intake than in the first quartile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater milk and dairy intake reduced the risk of dementia, especially AD, in the general Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirota
authors.forename: Takanari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitazono
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D044466:Asian People; D003611:Dairy Products; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; dementia; milk and dairy; vascular dementia