title: The role of exclusive breastfeeding and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on preschool children's weight gain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and breastfeeding practices have been recognized as important factors linked to children's weight status. However, no other studies have simultaneously investigated the role of each factor on children's conditional weight gain (CWG).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) and the SSBs consumption on CWG from birth to the survey date among Brazilian preschool children (24-59 months old).
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally represented cross-sectional survey with complex probability sampling (n = 2421) was conducted. The outcome variable - CWG - represents how much an individual has deviated from its expected weight gain, given his or her prior weight. The multivariate linear regression to analyse the effects of EB and the consumption of SSBs on CWG were adjusted for economic status and maternal variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly protective effect of EB duration during the first year of life on CWG from birth to the survey date (-0.02 [-0.03; 0.00 95% confidence interval]); however, the SSBs intake promoted an effect on the weight gain that was 2.5-fold higher (0.05 [0.02; 0.08 95% confidence interval]) than the EB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As hypothesized, the exposure variables acted in opposite directions, but the harmful effect of SSBs intake had greater magnitude than the beneficial effect of EB on children's CWG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: F A B
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Colugnati
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Poblacion
authors.forename: J A A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Taddei
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016487:Parenting; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: exclusive breastfeeding; preschool children; sugar-sweetened beverages; weight gain