title: Keyhole concept in cerebral aneurysm clipping and tumor removal by the supraciliary lateral supraorbital approach.
abstract: The keyhole concept in neurosurgery is designed to minimize the craniotomy needed for the access route to deep intracranial pathologies. Such keyhole surgeries cause less trauma and can be less invasive than conventional surgical techniques. Among the various types of keyhole mini-craniotomy, supraorbital or lateral supraorbital mini-craniotomy is the standard and basic keyhole approaches. The lateral supraorbital keyhole provides adequate working space in the suprasellar to parasellar areas and planum sphenoidale area including the anterior communicating artery complex. Despite the development of neuro-endoscopic techniques and intra-operative assistant methods, the limited working angle to manipulate and observe deeply situated pathologies is a major disadvantage of the keyhole approaches. Neurosurgeons should understand that keyhole mini-craniotomy surgeries aim at "minimally invasive neurosurgery" but still carry the risks of malpractice unless we understand the advantages and disadvantages of these keyhole concepts and strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
keywords: Lateral supraorbital keyhole; neurosurgery; pterional keyhole; supraorbital keyhole