title: Complete coverage of phantom limb and stump pain with constant current SCS system: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord stimulator (SCS) technology has advanced over the past several years. However, our literature review revealed a lack of well-documented cases of successful treatment of phantom limb pain with percutaneous revision of previously placed systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of a patient who suffered from debilitating bilateral lower extremity phantom limb pain despite having a SCS with a constant voltage system. We used fluoroscopy to successfully guide a percutaneous octapolar paddle lead to the right of the existing surgical paddle lead and a cylindrical quadrapolar lead in between. Finally, the older paddle lead was connected to an extension to make it compatible with the updated constant current system. The revised constant current SCS system provided bilateral coverage of the patient's pain, and at 1-year postoperative, the patient reported he had sustained coverage from his bilateral phantom limb pain. Our patient had complete coverage of his phantom limb pain after his previously placed SCS was changed from a constant voltage to a constant current system, and percutaneous leads were connected to his system. Adding percutaneous leads or switching generator types may benefit patients whose pain patterns have expanded since original SCS system placement. This case reports the complete coverage of phantom limb pain with a change from a constant voltage to a constant current SCS system and the addition of percutaneous leads to an existing SCS system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bunch
authors.forename: Heidi V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000628:therapy*; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: constant current spinal cord stimulation; neuralgia; percutaneous spinal cord stimulator placement; phantom limb pain treatment; recurrent low back pain; spinal cord stimulator; stump