title: Cell cycle regulation by the nutrient-sensing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
abstract: Cell division involves a series of ordered and controlled events that lead to cell proliferation. Cell cycle progression implies not only demanding amounts of cell mass, protein, lipid, and nucleic acid content but also a favorable energy state. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in response to the energy state, nutrient status, and growth factor stimulation of cells, plays a pivotal role in the coordination of cell growth and the cell cycle. Here, we review how the nutrient-sensing mTOR-signaling cascade molecularly integrates nutritional and mitogenic/anti-apoptotic cues to accurately coordinate cell growth and cell cycle. First, we briefly outline the structure, functions, and regulation of the mTOR complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2). Second, we concisely evaluate the best known ability of mTOR to control G1-phase progression. Third, we discuss in detail the recent evidence that indicates a new genome stability caretaker function of mTOR based on the specific ability of phosphorylated forms of several mTOR-signaling components (AMPK, raptor, TSC, mTOR, and S6K1), which spatially and temporally associate with essential mitotic regulators at the mitotic spindle and at the cytokinetic cleavage furrow.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism & Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona (ICO-Girona), Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona, Ctra. França s/n, E-17007, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cuyàs
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Corominas-Faja
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joven
authors.forename: Javier A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Menendez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases