title: Bioluminescent sensor proteins for point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring.
abstract: For many drugs, finding the balance between efficacy and toxicity requires monitoring their concentrations in the patient's blood. Quantifying drug levels at the bedside or at home would have advantages in terms of therapeutic outcome and convenience, but current techniques require the setting of a diagnostic laboratory. We have developed semisynthetic bioluminescent sensors that permit precise measurements of drug concentrations in patient samples by spotting minimal volumes on paper and recording the signal using a simple point-and-shoot camera. Our sensors have a modular design consisting of a protein-based and a synthetic part and can be engineered to selectively recognize a wide range of drugs, including immunosuppressants, antiepileptics, anticancer agents and antiarrhythmics. This low-cost point-of-care method could make therapies safer, increase the convenience of doctors and patients and make therapeutic drug monitoring available in regions with poor infrastructure.
authors.affiliation: 1] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [2] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [3] National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Griss
authors.affiliation: 1] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [2] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [3] National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schena
authors.affiliation: 1] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [2] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [3] National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reymond
authors.affiliation: cole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patiny
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Service of Biomedicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Biochemistry, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Tinberg
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Biochemistry, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: 1] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [2] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. [3] National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnsson
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000097:blood; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010781:Photography; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins