title: Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi methanol extracts inhibits metastasis via the Forkhead Box M1 activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, commonly known as skullcaps, and it has been widely used as traditional therapeutic herb in several eastern Asia including Korea, China and Japan because of its remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Our study focuses on the anti-metastatic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Methanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was examined for identification of its composition by HPLC-MS/MS. The extract was evaluated for the anti-metastasis activity using HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells via immunoblotting and RT-PCR. For mechanical study, specific Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) vector was transfected to HepG2 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi potentially inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells dose dependently. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi decreased metastasis through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and FOXM1 activities at the transcription and translation levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a potent chemotherapeutic agent against HCC. Its clinical use guarantee for further study and individual flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi should also be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Kwang Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeong Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Arulkumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagappan
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju 660-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Sup
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: On Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Kil
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gonskim@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: GonSup
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D031364:Scutellaria baicalensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: Anti-metastasis; Flavonoids; Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1); Human hepatocellular carcinoma; Korean Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi