title: Integration of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) postpartum services with other HIV care and treatment services within the maternal and child health setting in Zimbabwe, 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the integration of PMTCT services during the postpartum period including early infant diagnosis of HIV (EID) and adult and pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) in maternal and child health (MCH) facilities in Zimbabwe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From August to December 2012 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 151 MCH facilities. A questionnaire was used to survey each site about staff training, dried blood spot sample (DBS) collection, turnaround time (TAT) for test results, PMTCT services, and HIV care and treatment linkages for HIV-infected mothers and children and HIV-exposed infants. Descriptive analyses were used. Of the facilities surveyed, all facilities were trained on DBS collection and 92% responded. Approximately, 99% of responding facilities reported providing DBS collection and a basic HIV-exposed infant service package including EID, extended nevirapine prophylaxis, and use of cotrimoxazole. DBS collection was integrated with immunisations at 83% of facilities, CD4 testing with point-of-care machines was available at 37% of facilities, and ART for both mothers and children was provided at 27% of facilities. More than 80% of facilities reported that DBS test results take >4 weeks to return; TAT did not have a direct association with any specific type of transport, distance to the lab, or intermediate stops for data to travel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zimbabwe has successfully scaled up and integrated the national EID and PMTCT programs into the existing MCH setting. The long TAT of infant DBS test results and the lack of integrated ART programs in the MCH setting could reduce effectiveness of the national PMTCT and ART programs. Addressing these important gaps will support successful implementation of the 2014 Zimbabwe's PMTCT guidelines under which all HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women will be offered life-long ART and decentralized ART care.
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -Hubert Global Health Fellow, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiegert
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thu-Ha
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.affiliation: AIDS & TB Unit, Ministry of Health & Child Care of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mushavi
authors.affiliation: AIDS & TB Unit, Ministry of Health & Child Care of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mugurungi
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kilmarx
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006268:Health Facilities / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D056990:Post-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D049590:Postpartum Period; D015030:Zimbabwe