title: The use of galantamine in the treatment of post-traumatic oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the suitability of galantamine for the symptomatic treatment of post-traumatic oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV) nerve palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The routine ophthalmic and strabological examination was performed in five patients (4 females and 1 male) at the age of 31 to 57 years (mean 40.7) with the post-traumatic ophthalmic complications. Due to the unilateral oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsy, which had not resolved within 2-6 (mean duration of 4 months) months following traffic accident, galantamine was used. Nivalin and Reminyl were administered in iontophoresis and orally, respectively, for 10-18 months (mean duration of 14 months). The ocular muscle motion exercises and prism correction were also used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increased range of ocular motion (100%), reducing of the angle of strabismus horizontally (40%) and vertically (60%), statistically significant extension of palpebral fissure (60%), and regression of diplopia (80% total without correction) were observed. The binocular vision after treatment in the free- and instrument-space environment were also improved (100% simultaneous perception, fusion 80%, stereopsis 60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early galantamine administration in patient with n. III and n. IV post-traumatic palsy accelerates the resolution of post-traumatic ophthalmic symptoms. It is an effective treatment which offers the elimination of strabismus, diplopia and ptosis, at the same time improvings ocular movements and binocular vision. galantamine, post-traumatic nerve palsy, oculomotor and trochlear nerves.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tokarz-Sawińska
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lachowicz
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gosławski
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D004172:Diplopia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005702:Galantamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015840:Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000187:drug effects; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D005702:Galantamine