title: Oxidative stress and genotoxicity of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have a great reputation due to their negligible volatility, designability, good stability, and ability to be recycled. They are considered to be "green" solvents and have great promise in many fields. In recent years, the toxicities of ILs have garnered increasing attention as reported by a number of studies. However, previous studies have primarily focused on their lethal toxicities, and data were limited on their toxic effects at nonlethal doses. We performed a study on the toxic effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Omim]Br) on zebrafish. During a 28-day period, male and female zebrafish were separately exposed to sequential concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) of [Omim]Br. Fishes were sampled after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage in fish livers were measured. ROS, LPO, and DNA damage were all induced by the ionic liquid, and antioxidant enzyme activities increased at the beginning and then decreased. These phenomena demonstrate that [Omim]Br can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongkun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001965:Bromides / Q000633:toxicity; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: C528768:1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium; D001965:Bromides; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase