title: Replacing with whole grains and legumes reduces Lp-PLA2 activities in plasma and PBMCs in patients with prediabetes or T2D.
abstract: To determine dietary effects on circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and enzyme activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 99 patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly-diagnosed T2D were randomly assigned to either a control group (usual diet with refined rice) or the whole grain and legume group. Substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice was associated with the replacement of 7% of energy from carbohydrates with energy from protein (about 4%) and fat. After 12 weeks, the whole grain and legume group showed a significant decrease in fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, malondialdehyde, plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and an increase in LDL particle size. The changes (Δs) in these variables in the whole grain and legume group were significantly different from those in controls after adjustment for the baseline levels. When all subjects were considered, Δ plasma Lp-PLA2 positively correlated with Δ glucose, Δ PBMC Lp-PLA2, Δ ox-LDL, and Δ urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α after being adjusted for confounding factors. The Δ PBMC Lp-PLA2 correlated positively with Δ glucose and Δ ox-LDL, and negatively with Δ LDL particle size and baseline PBMC Lp-PLA2 The substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice resulted in a reduction in Lp-PLA2 activities in plasma and PBMCs partly through improved glycemic control, increased consumption of protein relative to carbohydrate, and reduced lipid peroxides.
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Minjoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Ri
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jeung
authors.affiliation: National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Sook
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea College of Human Ecology, and Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D000067348:Whole Grains
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; C526684:PLA2G7 protein, human
keywords: lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; type 2 diabetes