title: β2-Adrenoceptor involved in smoking-induced airway mucus hypersecretion through β-arrestin-dependent signaling.
abstract: Progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with small airway obstruction by accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudates. However, the mechanism of mucin hypersecretion after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is still not clear. In this study, we explored the contribution of β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) signaling to CS extract (CSE)-induced mucus hypersecretion in vitro and examined the effect of a β-blocker on airway mucin hypersecretion in vivo. NCI-H292 epithelial cell line was used to determine the contribution of β2-AR signaling to CSE-induced MUC5AC production by treatment with β2-AR antagonists propranolol and ICI118551 and β2-AR-targeted small interfering RNA. The effect of propranolol on airway mucus hypersecretion was examined in a rat model exposed to CS. MUC5AC expression was assayed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. β2-AR and its downstream signaling were detected by western blot analysis. We found that pretreating NCI-H292 cells with propranolol, ICI118551 for 30 min or β2AR-targeted siRNA for 48 h reduced MUC5AC mRNA and protein levels stimulated by CSE. However,inhibiting the classical β2AR-cAMP-PKA pathway didn't attenuate CSE-induced MUC5AC production, while silencing β-arretin2 expression significantly decreased ERK and p38MAPK phosphorylation, thus reduced the CSE-stimulated MUC5AC production. In vivo, we found that administration of propranolol (25 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) for 28 days significantly attenuated the airway goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion and MUC5AC expression of rats exposed to CS. From the study, β2-AR-β-arrestin2-ERK1/2 signaling was required for CS-induced airway MUC5AC expression. Chronic propranolol administration ameliorated airway mucus hypersecretion and MUC5AC expression in smoking rats. The exploration of these mechanisms may contribute to the optimization of β2-AR target therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yujiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changji Renmin Hospital, Changji, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D055271:Mucin 5AC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D019390:Arrestins; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D011412:Propanolamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; C026777:ICI 118551; D011433:Propranolol