title: Anticancer properties of peptide fragments of hair proteins.
abstract: The primary function of hair and fur covering mammalian skin is to provide mechanical and thermal protection for the body. The proteins that constitute hair are extremely resistant to degradation by environmental factors. However, even durable materials can be slowly broken down by mechanical stresses, biodegradation mediated by endogenous enzymes in the skin or host microbes. We hypothesised that the biodegradation products of hair may possess bioprotective properties, which supplement their physical protective properties. Although evolutionary processes have led to a reduction in the amount of hair on the human body, it is possible that the bioprotective properties of hair biodegradation products have persisted. The human skin is exposed to various environmental carcinogenic factors. Therefore, we hypothesised that the potential bioprotective mechanisms of hair degradation products affect melanoma growth. We used pepsin to partially digest hair enzymatically, and this process produced a water-soluble lysate containing a mixture of peptides, including fragments of keratin and keratin-associated proteins. We found out that the mixtures of soluble peptides obtained from human hair inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro. Moreover, the hair-derived peptide mixtures also inhibited the proliferation of B lymphoma cells and urinary bladder cancer cells. Normal human cells varied in their susceptibility to the effects of the lysate; the hair-derived peptide mixtures modulated the proliferation of normal human fibroblasts but did not inhibit the proliferation of human mesenchymal cells derived from umbilical cord stromal cells. These results suggest that hair-derived peptides may represent a new class of anti-proliferative factors derived from basically structural proteins. Identification of active regulatory compounds and recognition of the mechanism of their action might pave the way to elaboration of new anticancer drugs.
authors.affiliation: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Sergiusz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markowicz
authors.affiliation: Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matalinska
authors.affiliation: Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurzepa
authors.affiliation: Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bochynska
authors.affiliation: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biernacka
authors.affiliation: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samluk
authors.affiliation: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skurzak
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Production Development, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrzej W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lipkowski
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D053564:Keratins, Hair-Specific / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053564:Keratins, Hair-Specific; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates