title: The prevalence and risk factors for depression symptoms in a rural Chinese sample population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is essential to understand how we can prevent and treat the epidemic of depression. Several studies have reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the urban population in China, but there is a lack of information regarding the prevalence of depression in rural populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand the prevalence of depression in a rural Chinese population and to analyze the risk factors for depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a cross-sectional approach. A total of 11,473 subjects were surveyed and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief scales. Living conditions, per capita income, marital status, and information about dietary health and chronic disease status were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the population was 5.9%. The prevalence in women (8.1%) was higher compared with men (3.5%) and also increased with age. The per capita income level, amount of sleep obtained per day, education level, weekly consumption of meat and beans or bean products, salt intake, and chronic disease status were associated with depressive symptoms. The quality of life of individuals with a score less than 10 points on the PHQ-9 was significantly better compared with individuals with a score greater than 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms among rural population is higher than some southern cities in China. Dietary patterns may be an important risk factor linked to this disorder in the Chinese rural population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Xinghu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang city, Liaoning province, China.
authors.forename: Yingxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012924:Social Conditions; D014944:World Health Organization