title: Dissolved organic carbon ameliorates the effects of UV radiation on a freshwater fish.
abstract: Anthropogenic activities over the past several decades have depleted stratospheric ozone, resulting in a global increase in ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Much of the negative effects of UVR in aquatic systems is minimized by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which is known to attenuate UVR across the water column. The skin of many fishes contains large epidermal club cells (ECCs) that are known to play a role in innate immune responses and also release chemical alarm cues that warn other fishes of danger. This study investigated the effects of in vivo UVR exposure to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), under the influence of two sources of DOC: Sigma Aldrich humic acid, a coal based commercial source of DOC and Luther Marsh natural organic matter, a terrigenous source of DOC. Specifically, we examined ECC investment and physiological stress responses and found that fish exposed to high UVR, in the presence of either source of DOC, had higher ECC investment than fish exposed to high UVR only. Similarly, exposure to high UVR under either source of DOC, reduced cortisol levels relative to that in the high UVR only treatment. This indicates that DOC protects fish from physiological stress associated with UVR exposure and helps maintain production of ECC under conditions of UVR exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 SK, Canada. Electronic address: aditya.manek@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Aditya K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Manek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4 SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Maud C O
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Chivers
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Som
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niyogi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006812:Humic Substances; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Cortisol; DOC; Epidermal club cells; Humic substance; UV radiation