title: Advanced thyroid cancers: new era of treatment.
abstract: Since chemotherapy has been shown to be unsuccessful in case of advanced thyroid carcinomas, the research for new therapies is fundamental. Clinical trials of many tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as anti-angiogenic inhibitors suggest that patients with thyroid cancer could have an advantage with new target therapy. Recently, Food and Drug Administration approved two targeted therapies, vandetanib and cabozantinib for the treatment of metastatic thyroid carcinomas with acceptable outcome. We summarized the results and the toxic effects associated with these treatments reported in clinical trials. Future trials should aim at combinations of targeted agents with or without other treatment modalities to obtain a more effective result in thyroid carcinoma treatment.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City-Holy Capital, Muzdallifa Streat, P.O. Box 57657, Makkah, 21995, Saudi Arabia, amrallaabdelmoneem@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amrallah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Shentenawy
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D011725:Pyridines; D011799:Quinazolines; D013267:Stilbenes; C558660:cabozantinib; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D008094:Lithium; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C058728:fosbretabulin; C452423:vandetanib