title: Estimating ON and OFF contributions to the photopic hill: normative data and clinical applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With progressively brighter stimuli, the amplitude of the b-wave of the human photopic electroretinogram (ERG) first increases to a maximal value (Vmax) and then decreases to finally reach a plateau, a phenomenon known as the photopic hill (PH). A mathematical model combining a Gaussian (G) and a logistic (L) growth function was previously proposed to fit this unusual luminance-response curve, where the G and L functions were suggested to represent, respectively, the OFF and ON retinal pathway contributions to the building of the PH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PHs of patients presenting stationary diseases affecting specifically the ON (3 CSNB-1) or OFF (4 CPCPA) retinal pathways as well as patients affected with retinitis pigmentosa (14 RP) of different stages or etiology were analyzed using this mathematical model and compared to the PHs of a group of 28 normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PH of the CSNB-1 patients had a much larger contribution from the G function compared to normal subjects, whereas the opposite was observed for the CPCPA patients. On the other hand, analysis of data from RP patients revealed variable G-L contributions to the building of their PH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we confirm the previous claim that the luminance-response function of the photopic ERG b-wave can be decomposed into a Gaussian function and a logistic growth function representing, respectively, the OFF and ON retinal pathways. Furthermore, our findings suggest that this mathematical decomposition could be useful to further segregate and potentially follow the progression of retinopathies such as RP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology (D-164), McGill University - Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, 2300 Tupper Street, Montreal, QC, H3H 1P3, Canada.
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Garon
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dorfman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Racine
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Koenekoop
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lachapelle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055253:Color Vision / Q000502:physiology*; D004596:Electroretinography; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000503:physiopathology*