title: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 rescues the oxidative stress induced by di-N-butylphthalate in testicular Leydig cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 antagonized the oxidative stress induced by di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) in testicular Leydig cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse TM3 testicular Leydig cells were treated with Nrf2 knockdown (KD) or overexpression in the presence and absence of DBP. Oxidative profiles were examined. Nrf2 target antioxidant genes were studied, and the effects of Nrf2 inducer sulphoraphane (SFN) were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DBP induced intracellular oxidative stress to a similar extent with Nrf2 KD. Expression and protein levels of Nrf2 were increased together with its target genes, namely heme oxygenase 1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase 1 and peroxiredoxin 6, following DBP stimulation. Use of SFN not only restored the intracellular oxidative toxicity but also cell proliferation and testosterone secretion in response to DBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased Nrf2 activity, for example, by SFN can effectively antagonize the oxidative stress in testicular Leydig cells caused by DBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China dravanti@163.com wzq@nmu.edu.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D013739:Testosterone; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Di-N-butylphthalate; Nrf2; oxidative stress; testicular Leydig cells