title: Carotid artery intima-media thickness in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the carotid artery intima-media thickness in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients with that in healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty diabetic patients and forty-five control subjects were enrolled into this observational, cross-sectional, controlled study. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid stiffness index were measured by using a carotid Doppler and real-time ultrasound. Student's t, chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the groups for age, sex, height, weight, BMI and waist circumference (mean age 12.10 ± 2.02 vs. 11.49 ± 1.90 years, weight 41.14 ± 11.28 vs. 40.88 ± 11.68 kg, height 149.78 ± 20.3 vs. 145.62 ± 20.14 cm, BMI 18.49 ± 2.64 vs. 18.26 ± 2.59 kg/m2, waist circumference 69.72 ± 8.6 vs. 66.05 ± 7.47 cm, respectively). A significantly higher cIMT was found in the patients with type 1 diabetes (0.49 ± 0.05 vs. 0.44 ± 0.03 mm; p<0.001). A higher carotid stiffness index was found in the diabetic group when compared with control group (3.11 ± 0.46 vs. 2.6 ± 0.29 mm; p<0.001). Carotid IMT was not affected by mean HbA1c level and median HbA1c level (r=0.112, p=0.437 and r=0.249, p=0.082).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 diabetes is associated with higher cIMT and carotid stiffness index in a pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital; İzmir-Turkey. drkorkmazanil@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bayır
authors.forename: Hüseyin Anıl
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Ceyhun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dizdarer
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meşe
authors.forename: Vedide
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tavlı
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D059289:Vascular Stiffness