title: 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria: enhanced applicability for detecting potentially inappropriate medications in European older adults? A comparison with the Screening Tool of Older Person's Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and related factors through a comparative analysis of the Screening Tool of Older Person's Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP), the 2003 Beers criteria, and the 2012 AGS update of the Beers criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling persons aged 65 and older who live on the island of Lanzarote, Spain (N = 407).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic characteristics; independence in activities of daily living; cognitive function; Geriatric Depression Scale; clinical diagnoses; and complete data on indication, dosage, and length of drug treatments. One thousand eight hundred seventh-two prescriptions were examined, and the rate of PIMs was assessed with the three criteria. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants receiving at least one PIM. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to PIMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potentially inappropriate medications were present in 24.3%, 35.4%, and 44% of participants, according to the 2003 Beers criteria, STOPP, and 2012 Beers criteria, respectively. The profile of PIMs was also different (the most frequent being benzodiazepines in both Beers criteria lists and aspirin in the STOPP). The number of drugs was associated with risk of prescribing PIMs in all three models, as was the presence of a psychological disorder in the 2003 Beers criteria (odds ratio (OR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-3.40) and the 2012 Beers criteria (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.83-4.66). The kappa for degree of agreement between STOPP and the 2012 Beers criteria was 0.35 (95% CI = 0.25-0.44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2012 Beers criteria detected the highest number of PIMs, and given the scant overlapping with the STOPP criteria, the use of both tools may be seen as complementary.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Medical School, Málaga Biomedical Institute, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Encarnación
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanco-Reina
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ariza-Zafra
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ocaña-Riola
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: León-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: Beers criteria; Screening Tool of Older Person's Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions; older adults; potentially inappropriate medications