title: [The Belgian and French medicine and the "Ordres" facing the "jewish question" during the Second World War].
abstract: The attitude of the medical community and the "Ordres" to the "jewish question" differs in Belgium and France. This difference originates before the Second World War. Xenophobia and antisemitism were stronger in France. In addition, the Belgian capitulation of May 1940 and the armistice of June 22 in France do not represent the same situation. In France, a legal government, under the direction of Marshal Pétain, took a series of xenophobic measures of which the Jews were the first victims. In Belgium, in the absence of any government, the General Secretaries in Ministries were the ones who had to apply the antijewish measures dictated by the German occupant. By law, they could not legislate on the political level. The "Ordre", of French physicians was created in late 1940 by the Vichy government. In Belgium, the "Ordre " had existed since 1938 but had been unable to meet in the absence of implement decrees. An "Ordre bis" was created in late 1941, the legality of which was questioned by many lawyers and physicians. The French "Ordre" was to apply the antijewish measures by taking responsibility for the selection of Jewish physicians entitled to practice. In Belgium, the "Ordre" frowned upon by the physicians, played no official role in this regard. It simply applied the antijewish measures dictated by the Germans without protesting. After the conflict, the leaders of the "Ordres" had a different fate in both countries. In France, they escaped sentences. In Belgium, they were heavily condemned.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noterman
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D005602:France; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews / Q000266:history; D010820:Physicians / Q000266:history / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D011287:Prejudice / Q000266:history; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history; D047789:World War II