title: Small airway-centered granulomatosis caused by long-term exposure to polytetrafluoroethylene.
abstract: To date, there have been no reports of chronic pulmonary granulomatosis associated with exposure to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Here, we report three cases of small airway-centered granulomatous lesions in workers employed at facilities that apply coatings to pans and other utensils. The workers were repeatedly exposed to PTFE particles that were probably generated by the drying process when PTFE coatings are dried in a convection oven at high temperatures (380-420 °C). The duration of inhalational PTFE exposure was between 7 and 20 years. We found granulomatous lung lesions around the small airways in lung biopsy specimens obtained from the workers. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis was performed focusing on areas where the PTFE particles were suspected to be located in macrophages. The scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed fluorine in the particles. Lung tissue samples from all cases were analyzed using a fully automated Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Analysis of the spectrum extracted from the position of the foreign particles enabled precise identification of the foreign bodies as PTFE. Fourier transform infrared revealed that all of the lung tissue samples had bands at 1,202 to 1,148 cm(-1) and 1,202 to 1,146 cm(-1), which are characteristic of the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the C-F bonds of PTFE. These cases suggest that recurrent inhalational exposure to PTFE particles causes chronic pulmonary granulomatosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Durres, Durres, Albania.
authors.forename: Hye Ra
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Durres, Durres, Albania; Department of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shehu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Hak
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Electronic address: mylee@dsmc.or.kr.
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Durres, Durres, Albania.
authors.forename: Kun Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D015769:Granuloma, Respiratory Tract / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene