title: Electrical properties of human skin as aging biomarkers.
abstract: A non-invasive bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and Cole-Cole impedance model parameters (R0, R∞, τ and α) were used to analyze electrical properties of intact and stripped human skin for both gender subjects divided into younger and older age groups. R0, R∞ and τ significantly increased while α significantly decreased with age in stripped skin for both genders (p<0.031). Using pooled data with respect to age, gender and skin stripping, R0, R∞ and τ values were shown to increase with age (p<0.0034), R0, τ and α were different between genders (p<0.024) and R0, R∞ and τ decreased with skin stripping (p<0.000008). All of four Cole-Cole parameters were age dependent with specific differences observed for genders and intact and stripped skin layers. Therefore, Cole-Cole parameters, obtained by non-invasive BIS measurements, are a new type of age dependent biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, KraljiceMarije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Simić-Krstić
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department for Life Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kalauzi
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automatic Control, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Srdjan N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ribar
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automatic Control, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Lidija R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Matija
authors.affiliation: Gimmune GmbH, R&D, Baarerstrasse 12, 6301 Zug, Switzerland. Electronic address: gradimir@gimmune.com.
authors.forename: Gradimir N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Misevic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D017097:Electric Impedance; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Age and gender; Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS); Cole–Cole parameters; Human skin