title: Evaluation of the photoprotective effect of β-cyclodextrin on the emission of volatile degradation products of ranitidine.
abstract: The process of the photo-excitation of ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) in a solid state makes visible changes to its colour and generates an unpleasant odour. The purpose of the present study was to observe the protective effects of β-cyclodextrin (CD) complexation as well as the effect of the mixture of two stoichiometries 1:1 and 1:2 (RAN:CD, IC) on the photostability of samples in a solid state. Samples of inclusion complexes (IC) and physical mixtures (PM) were prepared and irradiated for 48h in a Suntest CPS+ chamber. Irradiated samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Volatiles were monitored with the use of headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The protective effect of CD was noticed with respect to IC, and also PM. Achieved photostabilization of complexed RAN against photodegradation could be explained due to either the inclusion of the furan part of RAN into the CD cavity as shown by the (1)H NMR ROESY (rotation frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) spectrum or the screening effect of CD. FT-IR spectra, DSC curves and microscope images of irradiated samples of protected RAN did not indicate any physical changes, such as phase transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: majam@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamrógiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wielgomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strankowski
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D010782:Photolysis; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013818:Thermogravimetry / Q000379:methods; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D011899:Ranitidine; C031215:betadex
keywords: (1)H NMR ROESY; Cyclodextrins; HS-SPME-GC–MS; Photoprotection; Ranitidine