title: Distinct cytokine pattern in response to different bacterial pathogens in human brain abscess.
abstract: Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process. Host inflammatory response in Gram type and specific bacteria has not been studied in brain abscess. A total of 57 brain abscess patients with monomicrobial infections were studied for Th1 (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL1-β), Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-23) cytokine response by reverse-transcriptase PCR and ELISA. Th1 and Th17 cytokines were significantly elevated in Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus intermedius) and Th2 cytokine (IL-10) in Gram negative (Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli) infections (p<0.05). Cytokine levels were significantly higher in abscess than blood (p<0.001). Elevated levels of several inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL1-β, IL-17 and IL-23) were associated with the duration of symptoms; predisposing factors also influenced the levels of several cytokines. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in abscess was influenced by the bacterial pathogen, duration of symptoms and predisposing factors. Local milieu of brain plays significant role in secretion of various cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Anamika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajpai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. Electronic address: kashinprasad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kashi Nath
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Aloukick Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Bal Krishan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ojha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D001921:Brain / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Cytokines; Gram negative bacteria; Gram positive bacteria; Human brain abscess