title: The clinical impact of different coagulometers on patient outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term anticoagulation therapy using vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is used in millions of patients worldwide to reduce the risk of thrombotic or thromboembolic events. Control and monitoring of VKA therapy is improved by the regular self-measurement of international normalized ratio (INR) using a home monitoring device. This retrospective analysis of a large cohort of patients in the Netherlands seeks to determine whether the choice of INR monitor could have a clinical impact on patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Thrombosis Service provides medical supervision, training and support to anticoagulant patients eligible for home-monitoring of INR in the Netherlands. Two INR monitors (CoaguChek XS and INRatio2) have been distributed at random to patients since June 2011, and patient self-testing data (INR measurements and other clinical parameters) have been recorded to measure and improve treatment outcomes. The data have been retrospectively analyzed to determine any effect of the choice of monitor. Univariate and multivariate statistical tests are used to assess any differences between groups in terms of efficacy and safety parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 4,326 patients were collated, and 156,507 INR values were included in the analysis. Over half the patients (54.3%) were being treated for atrial fibrillation, and 77.6% were prescribed acenocoumarol. There were few differences between the patient populations using the two different monitors. Anticoagulant control overall was good, with high percentage of time (87.9%) in the appropriate INR range and low incidence of excessively high or low INR values (0.085/month). Minor clinical events related to safety were low (0.78 per patient-year) and showed few differences between monitors. Mortality rates were similar [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-1.70].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-testing data from a large cohort of patients in the Netherlands suggest that there is no clinically relevant effect of the choice of coagulation monitor (CoaguChek XS or INRatio2) on the time in therapeutic range (TTR), minor or fatal outcomes of long-term anticoagulation management.
authors.affiliation: De Nationale Trombose Dienst (The National Thrombosis Service), Zonneoordlaan 17, 6718 TK, Ede, The Netherlands, janleendert.brouwer@ntd.nl.
authors.forename: Jan Leendert Pouwel
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoevelaar
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sucker
mesh_terms: D000074:Acenocoumarol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D019719:Diagnostic Equipment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019468:Disease Management; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000074:Acenocoumarol