title: Isolation of the sapogenin from defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera and its neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons.
abstract: Sasanqua saponin is a major active compound in the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera but is always discarded without effective utilization. The sapogenin from hydrolysis of sasanqua saponin was purified, and its amination derivative was investigated on its neuroprotective effects, which were evaluated by animal models of Parkinson disease in mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The results showed that the sapogenin and its derivative increased dopamine content in striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells in substantia nigra and relieved inflammation and behavioral disorder, but the effect on movement was reversed by dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol and was not intervened by adenosine receptor antagonist CGS 15943. Molecular simulation showed the interaction between dopamine receptor and the sapogenin or its derivative. It is proven that the sapogenin can protect dopamine neurons through antineuroinflammation and activation of dopamine receptor rather than adenosine receptor, and its amination improves the effects. This research provides the prospective prodrugs for Parkinson disease and a new medicinal application of sasanqua saponin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021461:Animals, Outbred Strains; D028244:Camellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012502:Sapogenins
keywords: Camellia oleifera; Parkinson disease; amination; dopaminergic neuron; neurodegeneration; sasanqua saponin