title: IL-8 secretion in primary cultures of prostate cells is associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation is believed to be a major factor in prostate cancer initiation and promotion and has been studied using prostate cancer cells and immortalized cell lines. However, little is known about the contribution of normal cells to the prostatic microenvironment and inflammation. We aim to study the contribution of normal prostate epithelial cells to prostate inflammation and to link the inflammatory status of normal cells to prostate cancer aggressiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Short-term primary cell cultures of normal epithelial prostate cells were derived from prostate biopsies from 25 men undergoing radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy, or organ donation. Cells were treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a mimic of double-stranded viral RNA and a potent inducer of the inflammatory response. Secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 in the cell culture medium by untreated and treated cells was measured and we determined the association between IL-8 levels in these primary cell cultures and prostate cancer characteristics. The Fligner-Policello test was used to compare the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline and induced IL-8 secretion were highly variable between cultured cells from different patients. This variation was not related to drug use, past medical history, age, or preoperative prostate-specific antigen value. Nonetheless, an elevated secretion of IL-8 from normal cultured epithelial cells was associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness (P=0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The baseline secretion of IL-8 from normal prostate epithelial cells in culture is strongly correlated with cancer aggressiveness and may drive prostate cancer carcinogenesis. A better characterization of individual prostate microenvironment may provide a basis for personalized treatment and for monitoring the effects of strategies aimed at preventing aggressive prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neveu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Moreel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Pier
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Deschênes-Rompré
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: LaRue
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Cherifa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ayari
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fradet
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laval University Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fradet
keywords: cancer aggressiveness; inflammation; interleukin 8; primary cell culture