title: Arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and smoke exposure in wildland firefighters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between exposure, oxidative stress, symptoms, and cardiorespiratory function in wildland firefighters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied two Interagency Hotshot Crews with questionnaires, pulse wave analysis for arterial stiffness, spirometry, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the smoke exposure marker (urinary levoglucosan). Arterial stiffness was assessed by examining levels of the aortic augmentation index, expressed as a percentage. An oxidative stress score comprising the average of z-scores created for 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean augmentation index % was higher for participants with higher oxidative stress scores after adjusting for smoking status. Specifically for every one unit increase in oxidative stress score the augmentation index % increased 10.5% (95% CI: 2.5, 18.5%). Higher mean lower respiratory symptom score was associated with lower percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomarkers of oxidative stress may serve as indicators of arterial stiffness in wildland firefighters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and the Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Environmental Health (Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gaughan
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Chiung-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Brandon F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Corey R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Stefanos F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kales
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chertok
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kobzik
authors.forename: Phuong-son
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D061388:Firefighters; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D012906:Smoke
keywords: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; levoglucosan; spirometry; vascular stiffness