title: Meta-analysis of prospective studies on the effects of nut consumption on hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inconclusive reports have been published on the consumption of nuts and the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We performed a meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the effects of nut consumption on hypertension and T2DM risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PUBMED and EMBASE database search was performed. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Q and I2 statistics were used to examine between-study heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of eight articles with nine prospective cohort studies (three hypertension studies and six T2DM studies) were selected. Using random effects models, we found that compared with never/rare consumers of nuts, those consuming >2 servings per week had an 8% lower risk of hypertension (SRR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97, P(heterogeneity)  = 0.590, I2  = 0%), while consumption of nuts at one serving per week had similar risk (SRR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83-1.13). In addition, nuts consumption was not associated with risk of T2DM (SRRs = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.15; P(heterogeneity)  = 0.008, I2  = 67.7%) on the basis of the highest versus lowest analysis. This null association was also shown in the dose-response analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that consumption of nuts (>2 servings/week) may be inversely associated with hypertension risk, but not with T2DM risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yigang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015994:Incidence; D009754:Nuts; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
keywords: hypertension; meta-analysis; nut consumption; type 2 diabetes mellitus; 关键词：高血压，meta分析，食用坚果，2型糖尿病