title: Role of the VDR Bsm I and Apa I polymorphisms in the risk of colorectal cancer in Kashmir.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A case-control study aiming to evaluate the relationship between Bsm I and Apa I restriction fragment gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) was carried out in Kashmir, including a total of 368 subjects (180 cases and 188 controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples extracted from the blood of the subjects were analyzed for 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) Apa I and Bsm I polymorphisms using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant 2.7-fold increased risk was observed in individuals found homozygous for the presence of the 'b' allele, in comparison to subjects homozygous for the 'B' allele (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-4.86 (Bsm I)), and a statistically insignificant 2-fold increased risk was found among individuals with the 'aa' genotype, as compared to subjects with the 'AA' genotype (OR 2.017, 95% CI 0.86-4.7). Our study also yielded statistically significant results when the Apa I polymorphism was stratified by age (≤ 50 years) and dwelling area (rural area), and the Bsm I polymorphism by gender (male gender), suggesting a possible role of Apa I and Bsm I polymorphisms in the etiology of CRC in Kashmir.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Apa I and Bsm I single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) might be associated with susceptibility to CRC among Kashmiris.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Kashmir, India.
authors.forename: Sabha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: Showkat A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kadla
authors.forename: Vamiq
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: Falak
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.forename: Tanzeela
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nisar A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Bashir A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ganai
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol