title: Easy measurement of diffusion coefficients of EGFP-tagged plasma membrane proteins using k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy.
abstract: Lateral diffusion and compartmentalization of plasma membrane proteins are tightly regulated in cells and thus, studying these processes will reveal new insights to plasma membrane protein function and regulation. Recently, k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy (kICS)(1) was developed to enable routine measurements of diffusion coefficients directly from images of fluorescently tagged plasma membrane proteins, that avoided systematic biases introduced by probe photophysics. Although the theoretical basis for the analysis is complex, the method can be implemented by nonexperts using a freely available code to measure diffusion coefficients of proteins. kICS calculates a time correlation function from a fluorescence microscopy image stack after Fourier transformation of each image to reciprocal (k-) space. Subsequently, circular averaging, natural logarithm transform and linear fits to the correlation function yields the diffusion coefficient. This paper provides a step-by-step guide to the image analysis and measurement of diffusion coefficients via kICS. First, a high frame rate image sequence of a fluorescently labeled plasma membrane protein is acquired using a fluorescence microscope. Then, a region of interest (ROI) avoiding intracellular organelles, moving vesicles or protruding membrane regions is selected. The ROI stack is imported into a freely available code and several defined parameters (see Method section) are set for kICS analysis. The program then generates a "slope of slopes" plot from the k-space time correlation functions, and the diffusion coefficient is calculated from the slope of the plot. Below is a step-by-step kICS procedure to measure the diffusion coefficient of a membrane protein using the renal water channel aquaporin-3 tagged with EGFP as a canonical example.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University; arnspang@mb.au.dk.
authors.forename: Eva C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Arnspang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koffman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University.
authors.forename: Saw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marlar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Physics, McGill University.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University; nejsum@mb.au.dk.
authors.forename: Lene N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Nejsum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051400:Aquaporin 3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004285:Dogs; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D051400:Aquaporin 3