title: Central nervous system infection after Onyx embolisation of arterio-venous malformations in two paediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasingly, Onyx is used for endovascular embolization of aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations. Although reports in the literature on the use of Onyx are favourable, there have been so far no reports on the central nervous system (CNS) infection rate after embolisation with Onyx and no recommendations as to the management of these infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present two cases of paediatric patients who acquired CNS infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Onyx embolisation of AVMs and describe their subsequent management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of established infection after Onyx embolisation should be dealt with by removal of infected material, administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK, armadillo@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pulhorn
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanmuganathan
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harkness
authors.forename: D N P
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: C450660:Onyx copolymer; D011145:Polyvinyls; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide