title: Involvement of the circadian rhythm and inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Among the symptoms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), joint stiffness is influenced by diurnal rhythm and reaches peak in the morning, which is a common complaint and reflects the circadian nature of disease manifestation. In addition, inflammatory cytokines, which reach peak secretion early in the morning are major players causing the morning stiffness. In this review, we explore the link between the circadian clock and inflammation, focusing on the interactions of various clock genes with the immune-pathways underlying the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitada
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan ; Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashiramoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007596:Joints / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017440:Photoperiod; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D056925:Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D008550:Melatonin