title: In-vivo bone response to titanium screw implants anodized in sodium sulfate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), using a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) - machined implants and group 2 (Test) - nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Alexandre Lima
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.affiliation: UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vitor Senna
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meirelles
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schanaider
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D007368:Interferometry; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; C012036:sodium sulfate; D014025:Titanium