title: Economic review of immunization information systems to increase vaccination rates: a community guide systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent systematic review found that use of an immunization information system (IIS) is an effective intervention to increase vaccination rates. The purpose of this review was to evaluate costs and benefits associated with implementing, operating, and participating with an IIS. The speed of technology change has had an effect on costs and benefits of IIS and is considered in this review.
  
  
  METHODS
  An economic evaluation for IIS was conducted using methods developed for Community Guide systematic reviews. The literature search covered the period from January 1994 to March 2012 and identified 12 published articles and 2 government reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most studies involving cost data evaluated (1) system costs of building an IIS and (2) cost of exchanging immunization data; most economic benefits focused on administrative efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A major challenge to evaluating a technology-based intervention is the evolution that comes with technology improvements and advancements. Although the cost and benefit data may be less applicable today due to changes in system technology, data exchange methods, availability of vendor support, system functionalities, and scope of IIS, it is likely that more up-to-date estimates and comprehensive estimates of benefits would support the findings of cost savings in this review. More research is needed to update and address limitations in the available evidence and to enable assessment of economic costs and benefits of present-day IIS.
authors.affiliation: Community Guide Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Analysis, and Library Services (Mss Patel and Murphy Morgan and Drs Chattopadhyay and Hopkins), and Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (Ms Pabst and Mr Myerburg), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research (Ms Groom), Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: Sajal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groom
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Myerburg
authors.forename: Jennifer Murphy
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics*; D007256:Information Systems / Q000191:economics*; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000191:economics*; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines