title: Dietary and nutraceutical approach to type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Nutritional medical treatment is the first step to achieve adequate glycemic control and prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle changes include moderate weight loss (7%) and regular physical activity (150 min/week). The appropriate diet composition is < 30% total fat, < 10% saturated fats, > 15 g/1000 kcal fiber, half soluble, 45-60% of carbohydrates with amoderate intake of sugar (50 g/day) and protein intake of 15-20% of the total calories a day. Patients need to limit the intake of saturated fats to < 7% of the daily calorie intake. Monounsaturated fatty acids such as olive oil and other vegetable oils are recommended. L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, berberine and ω-3 fatty acids can be useful supplements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department of the School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Celina Preciado
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Limas
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department of the School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Pilar Ceballos
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department of the School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Aceves
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estrella
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
keywords: L-carnitine; berberine; diabetes; diet; ω-3