title: Assessment of renal functional maturation and injury in preterm neonates during the first month of life.
abstract: Worldwide, approximately 10% of neonates are born preterm. The majority of preterm neonates are born when the kidneys are still developing; therefore, during the early postnatal period renal function is likely reflective of renal immaturity and/or injury. This study evaluated glomerular and tubular function and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; a marker of renal injury) in preterm neonates during the first month of life. Preterm and term infants were recruited from Monash Newborn (neonatal intensive care unit at Monash Medical Centre) and Jesse McPherson Private Hospital, respectively. Infants were grouped according to gestational age at birth: ≤28 wk (n = 33), 29-31 wk (n = 44), 32-36 wk (n = 32), and term (≥37 wk (n = 22)). Measures of glomerular and tubular function were assessed on postnatal days 3-7, 14, 21, and 28. Glomerular and tubular function was significantly affected by gestational age at birth, as well as by postnatal age. By postnatal day 28, creatinine clearance remained significantly lower among preterm neonates compared with term infants; however, sodium excretion was not significantly different. Pathological proteinuria and high urinary NGAL levels were observed in a number of neonates, which may be indicative of renal injury; however, there was no correlation between the two markers. Findings suggest that neonatal renal function is predominantly influenced by renal maturity, and there was high capacity for postnatal tubular maturation among preterm neonates. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that urinary NGAL is a useful marker of renal injury in the preterm neonate.
authors.affiliation: Preventative Health, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gubhaju
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.affiliation: Ritchie Centre for Baby Health Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Rosemary S C
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.affiliation: Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medhurst
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Canberra Hospital, and the Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.affiliation: Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, South Australia Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research and the Royal Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Gurmeet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chronic Disease, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Jane.Black@monash.edu.
authors.forename: M Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005865:Gestational Age; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008954:Models, Biological; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D014739:Victoria
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: preterm birth; proteinuria; renal development; renal injury