title: Symplocos cochinchinensis attenuates streptozotocin-diabetes induced pathophysiological alterations of liver, kidney, pancreas and eye lens in rats.
abstract: The beneficial effects of hydroethanol extract of Symplocos cochinchinensis (SCE) has been explored against hyperglycemia associated secondary complications in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. The experimental groups consist of normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), DC + metformin 100 mg kg(-1) bwd, DC + SCE 250 and DC + SCE 500. SCEs and metformin were administered daily for 21 days and sacrificed on day 22. Oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin, % HbA1c, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, total protein etc. were analysed. Aldose reductase (AR) activity in the eye lens was also checked. On day 21, DC rats showed significantly abnormal glucose response, HOMA-IR, % HbA1c, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and GSH, elevated AR activity, hepatic and renal oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls compared to NC. DC rats also exhibited increased level of plasma urea and creatinine. Treatment with SCE protected from the deleterious alterations of biochemical parameters in a dose dependent manner including histopathological alterations in pancreas. SCE 500 exhibited 46.28% of glucose lowering effect and decreased HOMA-IR (2.47), % HbA1c (6.61), lens AR activity (15.99%), and hepatic, renal oxidative stress and function markers compared to DC group. Considerable amount of liver and muscle glycogen was replenished by SCE treatment in diabetic animals. Although metformin showed better effect, the activity of SCE was very much comparable with this drug.
authors.affiliation: Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Kalathookunnel Antony
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Antu
authors.affiliation: Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Mariam Philip
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Riya
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Arvind K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India. Electronic address: raghukgopal2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kozhiparambil Gopalan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Raghu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: % HbA1c; Aldose reductase; Aspartate aminotransferase; Carbonyl content; Creatinine; Diabetes; Insulin; Pancreas; Streptozotocin; Symplocos cochinchinensis