title: Prospective evaluation of the routine use of a nasopharyngeal airway (Wendl Tube) during endoscopic propofol-based sedation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) during endoscopic sedation is only recommended in the event of respiratory problems. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of routine insertion of an NPA during sedation in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2009 and April 2012, patients with colonoscopy or expected longer-lasting or therapeutic upper GI endoscopy were pseudo-randomized in a weekly alternating fashion to perform sedation (midazolam in combination with propofol) with or without NPA insertion. The primary outcome measure was respiratory depression (oxygen saturation <90%). Secondary measures included hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg), bradycardia (heart rate <40 beats/min) or nasopharyngeal damage after NPA insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  216 (106 females, mean age 60.7 ± 9.65 years) were enrolled. Colonoscopy was performed in 131 patients and upper endoscopy in 85 patients. In 105 patients an NPA was used (intervention group). Five (4.7%) of those patients showed minor nasopharyngeal injury. Respiratory depression (13.5 vs. 1.9%, p = 0.002) and hypotension (11 vs. 5%, p = 0.09) occurred more frequently in the control than in the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The routine placement of an NPA can reduce the frequency of hypoxemic events during endoscopic sedation with minor risks for nasopharyngeal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, German Diagnostic Clinic, Wiesbaden, Germany.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wehrmann
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Eckardt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058109:Airway Management / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D054810:Deep Sedation; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol