title: Rate of manual leukocyte differentials in dog, cat and horse blood samples using ADVIA 120 cytograms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern automated haematology instruments are capable of performing leukocyte differentials faster, cheaper and with a higher precision than the traditional 100-cell manual differential count. Thus, in human laboratories, criteria are defined for performing a manual review of the blood smear resulting in a marked reduction of manual differential counts. While common in human laboratories, this approach to reducing the number of manual differentials in veterinary laboratories is still not commonly performed. Thus, our aim was to determine the rate and causes of manual leukocyte differentials in a university clinical pathology laboratory using the automated laser-based haematology analyser ADVIA 120. Overall, 14,953 complete blood cell counts from dogs, cats and horses were reviewed. Manual leukocyte differentials were requested if abnormal ADVIA peroxidase and baso cytograms were detected (i.e. suspicion of left shift or atypical lymphocytes/blasts, inappropriate separation of cell populations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 21% of canine, 32% of feline and 20% of equine samples, a manual differential was requested. Indistinct separation of the cell population was present in 10% to 15% of the cases. Depending on the species, atypical lymphocytes were suspected in 2% to 12%, left shift in 13% to 25% and suspicion of blasts was present in less than 0.4% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results are comparable to those published for human medicine and the rate of manual differentiation could be markedly reduced in veterinary laboratories if microscopic examination was used as a validation procedure rather than as a reflexive substitute for automated differentiation.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stirn
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurterstr, 126, Giessen 35392, Germany. natali.bauer@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Natali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001331:Automation; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000145:classification*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity