title: Long-term treatment patterns of testosterone replacement medications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is prescribed to men diagnosed with hypogonadism to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and improve overall health. However, most men use TRT for only a short duration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term treatment patterns in hypogonadal men using topical TRT or short-lasting TRT injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Truven MarketScan(®) Database, 15,435 men who received their first (index) topical TRT prescription and 517 men who received their short-lasting TRT injection index prescription in 2009 were followed from 12 to 30 months after treatment initiation. Treatment interruption was defined as a medication gap of >30 days. Patients who remained off treatment were classified as having discontinued treatment. Patients who restarted therapy after 30 days were classified as cyclic users. Patients were required to have continuous insurance coverage during 1 year prior to treatment initiation and at least 1 year afterward.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcome measures were length of therapy, discontinuation, and restarts of topical TRT or short-lasting TRT injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient characteristics were similar for patients who received topical TRT or short-lasting TRT injections. Of the patients who discontinued therapy during the follow-up period, the percentages of patients who were still on therapy after 3 months were 52% and 31% for topical TRT and short-lasting TRT users, respectively. For cyclic users, there was an attrition rate of approximately 40% to 50% of patients in each cycle. For both topical TRT and short-lasting TRT injections, the gap between stopping and restarting therapy tended to decrease over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this analysis, high discontinuation rates were observed. The treatment pattern of TRT may be related to the disease state rather than dosing, daily use, or mode of administration.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donatucci
authors.forename: Zhanglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muram
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007267:Injections; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Hypogonadism; Intermittent Medication; Testosterone; Utilization Patterns