title: Comparison between several methods of total lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris biomass.
abstract: The use of lipids obtained from microalgae biomass has been described as a promising alternative for production of biodiesel to replace petro-diesel. It involves steps such as the cultivation of microalgae, biomass harvesting, extraction and transesterification of lipids. The purpose of the present study was to compare different methods of extracting total lipids. These methods were tested in biomass of Chlorella vulgaris with the solvents ethanol, hexane and a mixture of chloroform:methanol in ratios 1:2 and 2:1. The solvents were associated with other mechanisms of cell disruption such as use of a Potter homogenizer and ultrasound treatment. The percentage of triglycerides in the total lipids was determinated by the glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase-p-chlorophenol method (triglycerides monoreagent K117; Bioclin). Among the tested methods, the mixture of chloroform:methanol (2:1) assisted by ultrasound was most efficient, extracting an average of 19% of total lipids, of which 55% were triglycerides. The gas chromatographic analysis did not show differences in methyl ester profiles of oils extracted under the different methods.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microalgas, Divisão de Energia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, CEP: 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: raquel.c.rezende@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raquel Rezende
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microalgas, Divisão de Energia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, CEP: 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: dm-moreira@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniel Mendonça
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Análise Orgânica Instrumental, Divisão de Química Analítica, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, CEP: 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: claudete.kunigami@int.gov.br.
authors.forename: Claudete Norie
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kunigami
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia Verde, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: donato@eq.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Donato Alexandre Gomes
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microalgas, Divisão de Energia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, CEP: 20081-312, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: claudia.teixeira@int.gov.br.
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Luz Lapa
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Biodiesel; Lipid extraction; Microalgae; Potter homogenizer; Solvent; Ultrasound