title: A functional network perspective on response inhibition and attentional control.
abstract: Inferior frontal cortex (IFC) modules that inhibit dominant behaviours are a popular feature in theories of cognitive dysfunction. However, the paradigms on which these theories are based fail to distinguish between inhibitory and non-inhibitory cognitive demands. Here we use four novel fMRI variants of the classic stop-signal task to test whether the IFC houses unique inhibitory modules. Our results demonstrate that IFC sub-regions are not functionally unique in their sensitivities to inhibitory cognitive demands, but instead form components of spatially distributed networks. These networks are most strongly activated when infrequent stimuli are being processed, regardless of behavioural inhibitory demands, and when novel tasks are being acquired, as opposed to when routine responses must be suppressed. We propose that there are no inhibitory modules within the frontal lobes and that behavioural inhibition is an emergent property of spatially distributed functional networks, each of which supports a broader class of cognitive demands.
authors.affiliation: The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B7.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erika-Florence
authors.affiliation: The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neurosciences Lab, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leech
authors.affiliation: 1] The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B7 [2] The Cognitive, Computational and Clinical Neurosciences Lab, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hampshire
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans