title: Suicide prevention e-learning modules designed for gatekeepers: a descriptive review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  E-learning modules can be a useful method for educating gatekeepers in suicide prevention and awareness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review and provide an overview of e-learning modules on suicide prevention designed for gatekeepers and assess their effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two strategies were used. First, articles were systematically searched in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Second, Google search was used to find e-learning modules on the Web.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature search resulted in 448 papers, of which none met the inclusion criteria of this study. The Google search resulted in 130 hits, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria of this review. Organizations that owned the modules were contacted, of which 13 responded and nine were included in this study. The effectiveness of two e-learning modules is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), one organization is planning to test the effectiveness of their module, and one organization has compared their face-to-face training with their online training. Furthermore, the included modules have different characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for RCTs to study the effectiveness of online modules in this area and to understand which characteristics are essential to create effective e-learning modules to educate gatekeepers in suicide prevention.
authors.affiliation: <location>Department of Developmental Psychology and the EMGO+ institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands</location> <location>Department of Clinical Psychology and the EMGO+ institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands</location>
authors.forename: Rezvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghoncheh
authors.affiliation: <location>Department of Developmental Psychology and the EMGO+ institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands</location>
authors.forename: Hans M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Koot
authors.affiliation: <location>Department of Clinical Psychology and the EMGO+ institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands</location>
authors.forename: Ad J F M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kerkhof
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
keywords: e-learning; gatekeepers; modules; review; suicide