title: Multidisciplinary analysis of a nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile strain with stable resistance to metronidazole.
abstract: Stable resistance to metronidazole in a nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile strain was investigated at both the genomic and proteomic levels. Alterations in the metabolic pathway involving the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase were found, suggesting that reduction of metronidazole, required for its activity, may be less efficient in this strain. Proteomic studies also showed a cellular response to oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monot
authors.affiliation: Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy patrizia.spigaglia@iss.it.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spigaglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbanti
authors.affiliation: Structural Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Norais
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dupuy
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mastrantonio
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010802:Phylogeny; D040901:Proteomics; D050743:Pyruvate Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021521:Ribotyping
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008795:Metronidazole; D050743:Pyruvate Synthase