title: Number word use in toddlerhood is associated with number recall performance at seven years of age.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that verbal working memory and vocabulary acquisition are linked in early childhood. However, it is unclear whether acquisition of a narrow range of words during toddlerhood may be particularly related to recall of the same words later in life. Here we asked whether vocabulary acquisition of number words, location and quantifier terms over the first three years of life are associated with verbal and visuospatial working memory at seven years. Our results demonstrate that children who produced more number words between 20-26 months and started to produce the number words 1-10 earlier showed greater number recall at 7 years of age. This link was specific to numbers and neither extended to quantifier and location terms nor verbal and visuospatial working memory performance with other stimuli. These findings suggest a category-specific link between the mental lexicon of number words and working memory for numbers at an early age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Melissa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Libertus
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Developmental Physiology and Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Marschik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Developmental Physiology and Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Einspieler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014825:Vocabulary