title: Effects of bone drilling on local temperature and bone regeneration: an in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the influence of bone drilling on local bone temperature and bone regeneration and determine optimal drilling speed and pressure in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 12 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits, weighing between 2.8 to 3.2 kg. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups and euthanized at the end of Day 21 (Group A) and Day 42 (Group B). The same drilling protocol was used in both groups. Three drill holes with different pressure (5, 10 and 20 N) were made in each rabbit tibias using 3 different rotational drill speeds (230, 370 and 570 rpm). During drilling, local temperature was recorded. Rabbit tibia underwent histopathological exam for bone regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone temperature was affected by drilling time and depth. Lower drill speeds reduced the bone temperature and revealed better bone regeneration when compared to the drilled bones at higher drill speeds. Titanium boron nitride coating on the drill bits had no significant effects on bone temperature and structure. Bone regeneration was superior in Group B rabbits that had drilling at 230 rpm and 20 N.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that lower drilling speed with higher pressure is necessary for better bone regeneration. The optimal drilling speed is 230 rpm and optimal drilling pressure 20 N.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Education, Faculty of Technical Education, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bünyamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aksakal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery