title: Comparative study on effects of nebulized and oral salbutamol on a cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to compare the effects of different routes of salbutamol administration (oral and nebulized) at different doses in a cecal ligation and puncture-induced (CLP-induced) sepsis model of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were separated into 8 groups: 1) sham, 2) sham+4 mg/kg oral salbutamol, 3) sham+6 min 2 mg/ml nebulized salbutamol, 4) CLP, 5) CLP+2 mg/kg oral salbutamol, 6) CLP+4 mg/kg oral salbutamol, 7) CLP+3 min 2 mg/ml nebulized salbutamol, 8) CLP+6 min 2 mg/ml nebulized salbutamol. Subsequently, sepsis was induced by CLP through 16 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CLP-induced sepsis increased serum cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), increased tissue oxidative stress (8-Isoprosraglandin F2α), decreased antioxidant parameters (SOD, GSH), and increased lung injury by inflammatory cell accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed for the first time that oral administration of salbutamol exerted protective effects on CLP-induced sepsis and related lung injury in rats. We conclude that despite the greater side effects of oral salbutamol, it should be considered for administration in oral form due to its systemic effectiveness during septic conditions in emergency settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozogul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadirci
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical School, Haydarpasa Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bayraktutan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yayla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Atamanalp
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Emriology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamese
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D000420:Albuterol