title: Glutamine supplementation attenuates expressions of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on T cells in a murine model of acute colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Migration of T cells into the colon plays a major role in the pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules expressed by T cells in mice with dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet or a Gln diet replacing 25% of the total nitrogen. After being fed the diets for 5 days, half of the mice from both groups were given 1.5% DSS in drinking water to induce colitis. Mice were killed after 5 days of DSS exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSS colitis resulted in higher expression levels of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand- (PSGL-) 1, leukocyte function-associated antigen- (LFA-) 1, and C-C chemokine receptor type 9 (CCR9) by T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, and mRNA levels of endothelial adhesion molecules in colons were upregulated. Gln supplementation decreased expressions of PSGL-1, LFA-1, and CCR9 by Th cells. Colonic gene expressions of endothelial adhesion molecules were also lower in Gln-colitis mice. Histological finding showed that colon infiltrating Th cells were less in the DSS group with Gln administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gln supplementation may ameliorate the inflammation of colitis possibly via suppression of T cell migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Ming
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1821-239X
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuen-Yuan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sung-Ling
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8958-226X
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan ; Department of Primary Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Tsan
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement; D003092:Colitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005973:Glutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D054388:Receptors, CCR / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C119309:CC chemokine receptor 9; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D011134:Polysaccharides; D054388:Receptors, CCR; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D005973:Glutamine; D006493:Heparin