title: Measuring spasticity and fine motor control (pinch) change in the hand after botulinum toxin-A injection using dynamic computerized hand dynamometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate change in fine motor hand performance and to investigate the relationship between existing clinical measures and dynamic computerized dynamometry (DCD) after botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injections for adults with upper limb spasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretest/posttest clinical intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital outpatient spasticity clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of adults (N=28; mean age, 51y) with upper limb spasticity after acquired brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  BTX-A injections for upper limb spasticity management.
  
  
  METHODS
  DCD protocol using a piezoelectric pinch meter (termed DCD[pinch]); current clinical upper limb measures: Modified Ashworth Scale, Tardieu Scale, Action Research Arm Test, Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, and Goal Attainment Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BTX-A produced a significant change on DCD(pinch) and some current clinical measures, with correlations observed between DCD(pinch) and current clinical measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCD(pinch) sensitively and objectively assessed the effects of BTX-A on upper limb spasticity during a simulated functionally based pinch and release task.
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Westmead Hospital, Wentworthville, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: hbar1204@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Hannah L Holman
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Barden
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Westmead Hospital, Wentworthville, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian James
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Baguley
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Westmead Hospital, Wentworthville, NSW, Australia; School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa Therese
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nott
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chapparo
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052581:Pinch Strength / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Adult; Muscle spasticity; Muscle strength dynamometer; Pinch strength; Rehabilitation; Upper Extremity