title: Bladder muscular wall regeneration with autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cells on three-dimensional collagen-based tissue-engineered prepuce and biocompatible nanofibrillar scaffold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue-engineered prepuce scaffold (TEPS) is a collagen-rich matrix with marvelous mechanical properties, promoting in vivo and in vitro tissue regeneration. In this study, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were used to seed TEPS for bladder wall regeneration. Its potential in comparison with other materials such as polyglycolic acid (PGA) and nanofibrous scaffolds were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat ADMSCs were cultured and seeded into prepared TEPS. A synthetic matrix of electrospun nanofibrous polyamide was also prepared. Sprague Dawley rats (n=32) underwent bladder wall regeneration using (a) TEPS, (b) TEPS+PGA, (c) TEPS+nanofibrous scaffold, and (d) ADMSC-seeded TEPS, between bladder mucosa and seromuscular layer. Animals were followed for 30 and 90 days post implantation for evaluation of bladder wall regeneration by determining CD31/34 and SMC α-actin. Cystometric evaluation was also performed in all groups and in four separate rats as sham controls 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological analysis showed well-organized muscular wall generation in ADMSC-seeded TEPS and TEPS+three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffold without significant fibrosis after 90 days, while mild to severe fibrosis was detected in groups receiving TEPS and TEPS+PGA. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed the maintenance of CD34+, CD31+, and α-SMA in ADMSC-seeded TEPS and TEPS+3D nanofibrous scaffold with significantly higher density of CD34+ and CD31+ progenitor cells in ADMSC-seeded TEPS and TEPS+3D nanofibrous scaffold, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work has crucial functional and clinical implications, as it demonstrates the feasibility of ADMSC-seeded TEPS in enhancing the properties of TEPS in terms of bladder wall regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Electronic address: kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
authors.affiliation: Robert D Jeffs Division of Pediatric Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourchi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Amir-Abbas
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mousavian
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rouhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tavangar
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D052816:Foreskin / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019459:Urothelium
keywords: Adipose; Bladder augmentation; Extracellular matrix; Neovascularization; Prepuce scaffold; Stem cell