title: Pharmacoresistant epilepsy and nanotechnology.
abstract: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders. Furthermore, it is associated to diminished health-related quality of life and is thus considered a major public health problem. In spite of the large number of available and ongoing development of several new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), a high percentage of patients with epilepsy (35-40%) are resistant to pharmacotherapy. A hypothesis to explain pharmacoresistance in epilepsy suggests that overexpression of multidrug resistance proteins, such as P-glycoprotein, on the endothelium of the blood brain barrier represents a challenge for effective AED delivery and concentration levels in the brain. Proven therapeutic strategies to control pharmacoresistant epilepsy include epilepsy surgery and neuromodulation. Unfortunately, not all patients are candidates for these therapies. Nanotechnology represents an attractive strategy to overcome the limited brain access of AEDs in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. This manuscript presents a review of evidences supporting this idea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Argelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosillo-de la Torre
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luna-Bárcenas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orozco-Suárez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hermelinda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salgado-Ceballos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Perla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazarowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research , Advanced Studies, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins