title: Nutrigenomics and Cancer Prevention.
abstract: Mounting evidence continues to point to dietary habits as a modifier of cancer risk and tumor behavior; although it is clear that considerable variability occurs across studies. While genetic public health messages can be developed, the use of mean values may result in underexposure to some essential and nonessential food components, yet precipitate overexposure to nutrients. Undeniably, inconsistencies in the literature may reflect variation in timing of exposures to specific dietary constituents, interactions with the food matrix, processing technologies, or the genomic variation among individuals, which can influence absorption, metabolism, and/or the molecular target. Inter-individual variability in genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, or microbiomics can influence the magnitude and direction of response to bioactive food components, as briefly reviewed in this article. Unquestionably, understanding nutrigenomics holds promise to reveal those who will benefit most from dietary interventions plus identify any who might be placed at risk due to overexposures.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Center for Cancer Training, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7328, Bethesda, MD 20892-7328, USA.
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Nicastro
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7328, Bethesda, MD 20892-7328, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7328, Bethesda, MD 20892-7328, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Milner
keywords: Bioactive food components; Cancer; Cancer prevention; Diet; Epigenetics; Metabolomics; Microbiomics; Nutrigenomics; Proteomics; Transcriptomics