title: Active-treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device during comprehensive Class II correction in growing patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the active-treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device (Forsus) during comprehensive correction of Class II malocclusion in growing patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients (mean age, 12.5 ± 1.2 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion were consecutively treated with fixed app-liances in combination with Forsus. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning of the fixed treatment (T1), Forsus insertion (T2), its removal (T3), and end of the comprehensive therapy (T4). Statistical comparisons were carried out by repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall therapeutic effects were mainly dentoalveolar and occurred mostly during the active treatment with Forsus (T2-T3, mean duration = 0.5 ± 0.1 years). The overjet and overbite decreased significantly (-3.5 and -1.5 mm, respectively) and the molar relationship improved by 4.3 mm. These changes were associated with significant retroclination of the maxillary incisors (-3.1°), proclination and intrusion of the mandibular incisors (+5.0° and -1.5 mm, respectively), and mesialization of the mandibular molars (+2.0 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forsus had mainly dentoalveolar effects and contributed largely to the overall therapeutic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Morphology and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvetro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Efisio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Defraia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luis Tomas Huanc
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ghislanzoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
keywords: Cephalometrics; Class II malocclusion; Fixed functional appliance