title: Long-term stability of dentoalveolar, skeletal, and soft tissue changes after non-extraction treatment with a self-ligating system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term effects of self-ligating brackets (SLBs) on transverse dimensions of arches and skeletal and soft tissues and to quantitatively evaluate the treatment outcome after non-extraction treatment with SLBs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 24 (18 female and six male) subjects, with a mean age of 14.23 ± 2.19 years, who received treatment with the Damon®3 appliances. Complete records including cephalometric radiographs and plaster models were obtained before treatment (T1), immediately after treatment (T2), six months after treatment (T3), and two years (T4) after treatment. Digital study models were generated. Twenty lateral cephalometric, six frontal cephalometric, and eight dental cast measurements were examined. The Peer Assessment Rating index was used to measure the treatment outcome. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analysis of the changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant increases in all transverse dental cast measurements with active treatment. There was some significant relapse in the long term, particularly in maxillary width (p < 0.05). Statistically significant increases were found in nasal (p < 0.001), maxillary base, upper molar, lower intercanine, and antigonial (p < 0.05) widths in T1-T2. Lower incisors were proclined and protruded in T1-T2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLBs correct crowding by mechanisms involving incisor proclination and protrusion and expansion of the dental arches, without induction of clinically significant changes in hard and soft tissues of the face.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faruk Ayhan
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Basciftci
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ileri
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayram
keywords: Bracket; Extraction vs. nonextraction; Stability