title: Field vaccinated chickens with low antibody titres show equally insufficient protection against matching and non-matching genotypes of virulent Newcastle disease virus.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is a severe threat to the poultry industry and is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Many countries maintain a vaccination policy, but NDV is rapidly evolving as shown by the discovery of several new genotypes in the last decades. We tested the efficacy of the currently used classical commercial ND vaccine based on the genotype II strain VG/GA, applied under standard field conditions, against outbreak strains. Field vaccinated broilers were challenged with four different viruses belonging to genotype II, V or VII. A large proportion of field vaccinated broilers showed suboptimal immunity and the protection level against early and recent NDV isolates was dramatically low. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in protection afforded by a genotype II vaccine against a genotype II virus challenge compared to a challenge with viruses belonging to the other genotypes. This study suggests that the susceptibility of vaccinated poultry to NDV infection is not the result of vaccine mismatch, but rather of poor vaccination practices.
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.dortmans@gddiergezondheid.nl.
authors.forename: J C F M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dortmans
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venema-Kemper
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B P H
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005838:Genotype; D007110:Immunity, Active; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Avian paramyxovirus type I; Newcastle disease virus; Poultry; Vaccination