title: Effects of High-concentration contrast material and low-voltage CT on contrast for multiphasic CT of the upper abdomen: comparison using the simulation with virtual monochromatic imaging obtained by fast-switch kVp dual-energy CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high-concentration contrast material and low-voltage CT simulated by virtual monochromatic (VM) imaging on contrast enhancement at multiphasic CT of the upper abdomen.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 72 patients who underwent CT during early arterial (EAP), late arterial and portal venous phases after 300-mgI/ml (Group A; 34 patients) or 350-mg/ml (Group B; 38 patients) contrast-material injection at the same volumetric rate (0.067 mL/sec/kg). VM images were generated at 50 and 65 keV. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of aorta, portal vein, and liver parenchyma were calculated and statistically compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean CNRs for 50-keV VM images were significantly higher than 65-keV VM images of each organ at any phases (p < 0.05), except for hepatic parenchyma in EAP. Aortic CNRs in EAP on 65- and 50-keV images of Group B were significantly higher than Group A (p <0.05, respectively). Aortic CNR on 50-keV images of Group A and on 65-keV images of Group B were 11% and 21% higher than 65-keV images of Group A, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-voltage CT simulated by VM image improved contrast enhancement through any phases, while high-concentration contrast material increased only arterial contrast in EAP more effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Tonsok
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D1, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
keywords: Fast-switch kVp Dual-energy CT; High-concentration contrast material; Low-voltage CT; Virtual monochromatic imaging