title: Seroprevalence, genotypic distribution and potential risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults in Siem Reap, Cambodia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among adults in Siem Reap, Cambodia, to consider the prevention strategy in cooperation with the Ministry of Health in Cambodia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serological tests for determining HBV and HCV infections and questionnaires were performed from 2010 to 2012 among the general population in the province of Siem Reap. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the factors related to HBV and HCV infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 483 participants, comprising 194 men and 289 women (age range, 18-89 years). The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was not very high at 4.6%, while anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) was high at 38.5%. All HBV DNA samples were classified as genotype C. Anti-HBc showed the trend that the older the age, the higher the positive rate (P = 0.0002). The prevalence of HCV RNA and anti-HCV were 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively. HCV RNA was detected in 39.3% of anti-HCV positive samples and most of them were classified as genotype 6 (54.5%) and 1 (27.3%). Remarkably, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, history of operation and blood transfusion were significantly associated with the positivity for HBV infection and HCV RNA, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that operation and blood transfusion were potential risk factors for HBV and HCV infection, respectively, and supposed that horizontal HBV transmission may be frequent in adults in Cambodia. Hence, for reducing HBV and HCV infections, it is necessary to improve the safety of blood and medical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Somana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svay
authors.forename: Olline
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sirany
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hok
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohisa
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Son Huy
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
keywords: Cambodia; adults; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; seroepidemiology