title: Bond strength of composite resin to enamel: assessment of two ethanol wet-bonding techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethanol wet-bonding (EWB) technique has been stated to decrease degradation of resin-dentin bond. This study evaluated the effect of two EWB techniques on composite resin-to-enamel bond strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silicon carbide papers were used to produce flat enamel surfaces on the buccal faces of forty-five molars. OptiBond FL (OFL) adhesive was applied on enamel surfaces in three groups of 15 namely: Enamel surface and OFL (control);Protocol 1 of the EWB technique: absolute ethanol was applied to water-saturated acid-etched enamel surfaces for 1 minute before the application of ethanol-solvated hydrophobic adhesive resin of OFL 3 times;Protocol 2: progressive ethanol replacement; water was gradually removed from the enamel matrix using ascending ethanol concentrations before OFL application. Composite build-ups were made and the specimens were stored for 24 hours at 37°C and 100% relative humidity. Shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Fracture patterns were evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in bond strength between the groups (P=0.73). However, regarding failure patterns, the highest cohesive enamel fractures were recorded in groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, although both methods of EWB did not influence immediate bond strength of composite resin to enamel, the majority of failure patterns occurred cohesively in enamel.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khoroushi
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafizadeh
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Pouran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samimi
keywords: Bond strength; Composite resin; Enamel; Ethanol wet-bonding