title: Yoga as an adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study explores the feasibility of yoga as part of a treatment program for alcohol dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen alcohol dependent patients were randomized to receive either treatment as usual or treatment as usual plus yoga. Assessments were taken at baseline and six month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  'Riddargatan 1': an outpatient alcohol treatment clinic located in Stockholm, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment as usual consisted of psychological and pharmacological interventions for alcohol dependence. The 10-week yoga intervention included a weekly group yoga session. Participants were encouraged to practice the yoga movements at home once per day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol consumption (timeline follow-back method, DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence, and the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire), affective symptoms (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life (Sheehan Disability Scale) and stress (the Perceived Stress Scale and saliva cortisol).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Yoga was found to be a feasible and well accepted adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence. Alcohol consumption reduced more in the treatment as usual plus yoga group (from 6.32 to 3.36 drinks per day) compared to the treatment as usual only group (from 3.42 to 3.08 drinks per day). The difference was, however, not statistically significant (p = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger studies are needed to adequately assess the efficacy and long-term effectiveness of yoga as an adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Section of Epidemiology and Public Health Intervention Research (EPHIR), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Mats.hallgren@ki.se.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallgren
authors.affiliation: Riddargatan 1: Alcohol Treatment Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Karin.romberg@sll.se.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Romberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Ann-Sofie.Bakshi@ki.se.
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bakshi
authors.affiliation: Riddargatan 1: Alcohol Treatment Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Sven.andreasson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andréasson
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D013548:Sweden; D015013:Yoga
keywords: Alcohol dependence; Physical exercise; Substance abuse; Treatment; Yoga