title: Blood flow restricted resistance training attenuates myostatin gene expression in a patient with inclusion body myositis.
abstract: Inclusion body myositis is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that produces extreme muscle weakness. Blood flow restricted resistance training has been shown to improve muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy in inclusion body myositis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a resistance training programme on the expression of genes related to myostatin (MSTN) signalling in one inclusion body myositis patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 65-year-old man with inclusion body myositis underwent blood flow restricted resistance training for 12 weeks. The gene expression of MSTN, follistatin, follistatin-like 3, activin II B receptor, SMAD-7, MyoD, FOXO-3, and MURF-2 was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks of training, a decrease (25%) in MSTN mRNA level was observed, whereas follistatin and follistatin-like 3 gene expression increased by 40% and 70%, respectively. SMAD-7 mRNA level was augmented (20%). FOXO-3 and MURF-2 gene expression increased by 40% and 20%, respectively. No change was observed in activin II B receptor or MyoD gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood flow restricted resistance training attenuated MSTN gene expression and also increased expression of myostatin endogenous inhibitors. Blood flow restricted resistance training evoked changes in the expression of genes related to MSTN signalling pathway that could in part explain the muscle hypertrophy previously observed in a patient with inclusion body myositis.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Both authors contributed equally to this paper.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Both authors contributed equally to this paper.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gualano
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Laurentino
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lancha
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ugrinowitsch
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aoki
keywords: GDF-8; mRNA; muscle hypertrophy; real-time PCR