title: Dysphonia and vocal fold telangiectasia in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This case report is the first documentation of dysphonia and vocal fold telangiectasia as a complication of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of a 40-year-old man with HHT presenting with 2 years of worsening hoarseness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hoarseness corresponded with a period of anticoagulation. Endoscopy revealed vocal fold scarring, vocal fold telangiectasias, and plica ventricular is suggestive of previous submucosal vocal fold hemorrhage and subsequent counterproductive compensation with ventricular phonation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may present as dysphonia with vocal fold telangiectasias and place patients at risk of vocal fold hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA kyung@ohns.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000209:etiology*; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000098:blood supply*
keywords: HHT; dysphonia; hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; telangiectasia; vocal fold hemorrhage