title: Treating enuresis in a patient with ADHD: application of a novel behavioural modification therapy.
abstract: We report the case of a 6-year-old patient diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid enuresis disorder, who was treated with methylphenidate for the past 3 months and a novel behavioural modification therapy by using an application called 'Enuresis Trainer'. This therapeutic application is basically an interactive 'Bedwetting Calendar', based on traditional cognitive behavioural modification therapies and positive reinforcement systems. Enuresis is defined as the failure of voluntary control of the urethral sphincter. The prevalence of enuresis is 15-20% in the child population; however, children with ADHD had a 2.7 times higher incidence of nocturnal enuresis. Bedwetting is a common cause of isolation in children as well as loss of self-esteem and other psychological distress for the child and the family.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima-Pozo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Manrique
authors.affiliation: Hospital Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montañes
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D063731:Mobile Applications; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate