title: Epitope-specific antibody levels in tuberculosis: biomarkers of protection, disease, and response to treatment.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies restricted to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can measure epitope-specific antibody levels in a competition assay. Immunodominant epitopes were defined from clinical samples and related to the clinical spectrum of disease. Antibody to the immunodominant epitopes was associated with HLA-DR15. Occupational exposure showed a different response and was consistent with recognition of dormancy-related proteins and protection despite exposure to tuberculosis (TB). Studies in leprosy revealed the importance of immune deviation and the relationships between T and B cell epitopes. During treatment, antibody levels increased, epitope spreading occurred, but the affinity constants remained the same after further antigen exposure, suggesting constraints on the process of epitope selection. Epitope-specific antibody levels have a potential role as biomarkers for new vaccines which might prevent the progression of latent to active TB and as tools to measure treatment effects on subpopulations of tubercle bacilli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Homerton University Hospital , London , UK.
authors.forename: Graham H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bothamley
keywords: B-lymphocyte; antibodies; antibody specificity; biomarkers; epitopes; monoclonal; tuberculosis