title: Postmortem distribution of α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone in body fluids and solid tissues of a human cadaver.
abstract: We experienced an autopsy case of a 21-year-old male Caucasian, in which the direct cause of his death was judged as subarachnoid hemorrhage. There was cerebral arteriovenous malformation, which seemed related to the subarachnoid hemorrhage. The postmortem interval was estimated to be about 2days. By our drug screening test using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we could identify α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) in his urine specimen, which led us to investigate the postmortem distribution of α-PBP in this deceased. The specimens dealt with were right heart blood, left heart blood, femoral vein blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stomach contents and five solid tissues. The extraction of α-PBP and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP, internal standard) was performed by a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method, followed by the analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Because this study included various kinds of human matrices, we used the standard addition method to overcome the matrix effects. The highest concentration was found in urine, followed by stomach contents, the kidney, lung, spleen, pancreas and liver. The blood concentrations were about halves of those of the solid tissues. The high concentrations of α-PBP in urine and the kidney suggest that the drug tends to be rapidly excreted into urine via the kidney after its absorption into the blood stream. The urine specimen is of the best choice for analysis. This is the first report describing the postmortem distribution of α-PBP in a human to our knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wurita
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan. Electronic address: 07484771@hama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gonmori
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002102:Cadaver; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000032:analysis*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011759:Pyrrolidines; C542924:alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone
keywords: LC–MS–MS; Matrix effect; Postmortem distribution in a human; QuEChERS method; Standard addition method; α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP)