title: Interference of flavonoids with fluorescent intracellular probes: methodological implications in the evaluation of the oxidative burst by flow cytometry.
abstract: The evaluation of oxidative burst is particularly relevant in many pathological and subclinical conditions. Flow cytometry provides quick and accurate measures of the reactive oxygen species production by leukocytes in most situations. However, spurious results, related to probes' efflux may be observed in several instances. Many factors affect the evaluation of the oxidative burst with fluorescent probes that require intracellular deacetylation and could be substrate of the multidrug resistance proteins (MDR). After discussing the implications of the efflux of fluorophores in the normalization strategies in flow cytometry assays, we have pointed out the possible interference of flavonoids with fluorescet probes' staining and signal. We have also reviewed the results from human intervention studies regarding the evaluation of oxidative burst with these probes. In vitro, at concentrations close to post-ingestion circulating levels, some flavonoids and their metabolites could interfere with probes' staining and fluorescence signal through different mechanisms, such as the inhibition of esterases, the modulation of the MDR-mediate efflux of probe and the inhibition of the oxidation of probe. These effects may explain the contrasting results obtained by human intervention studies. Finally, also inflammatory state or the use of drugs substrate of MDR proteins could affect the evaluation of the oxidative burst with intracellular probes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.forename: Husseen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Manafikhi
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reggi
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmery
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry*; D016897:Respiratory Burst
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: flavonoids; flow cytometry; fluorescent intracellular probes; oxidative burst