title: Biochemical and functional characterization of Parawixia bistriata spider venom with potential proteolytic and larvicidal activities.
abstract: Toxins purified from the venom of spiders have high potential to be studied pharmacologically and biochemically. These biomolecules may have biotechnological and therapeutic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the protein content of Parawixia bistriata venom and functionally characterize its proteins that have potential for biotechnological applications. The crude venom showed no phospholipase, hemorrhagic, or anti-Leishmania activities attesting to low genotoxicity and discrete antifungal activity for C. albicans. However the following activities were observed: anticoagulation, edema, myotoxicity and proteolysis on casein, azo-collagen, and fibrinogen. The chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles of the proteins revealed a predominance of acidic, neutral, and polar proteins, highlighting the presence of proteins with high molecular masses. Five fractions were collected using cation exchange chromatography, with the P4 fraction standing out as that of the highest purity. All fractions showed proteolytic activity. The crude venom and fractions P1, P2, and P3 showed larvicidal effects on A. aegypti. Fraction P4 showed the presence of a possible metalloprotease (60 kDa) that has high proteolytic activity on azo-collagen and was inhibited by EDTA. The results presented in this study demonstrate the presence of proteins in the venom of P. bistriata with potential for biotechnological applications.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gizeli S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gimenez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coutinho-Neto
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kayano
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simões-Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Laboratório de Bioecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Laboratório de Bioecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Almeida e Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidades Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcussi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, UFSJ, Campus Altoparaopeba, 36420-000 Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla F C
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreimar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stábeli
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D013112:Spiders / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D007306:Insecticides; D013111:Spider Venoms; D005340:Fibrinogen