title: Punctuated equilibrium based on a locally ambiguous niche.
abstract: Punctuated equilibrium, recently regarded as the power law distribution of lifespan, is estimated with respect to self-organized criticality. Previous explanations were based on a global property, such as the selection of species depending on their fitness, however a particular entity defined through such global property cannot be relevant to the notion of "self". Here, we introduce local ambiguity of a niche with respect to function and define a function network by using two types of maps. Due to the local complex structure of the function network, motif and lateral connections, some species are easily replaced by others, and other species have long lives. Punctuated equilibrium can, therefore, be explained by local ambiguous interaction, which suggests the notion of self and supports the idea of self-organized criticality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intermedia Art and Science, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo3-4-1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan. Electronic address: yukio@waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Yukio-Pegio
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.affiliation: Department of Planetology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Planetology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic
keywords: Lateral connection; Network motif; Power law distribution; Punctuated equilibrium; Self-organized criticality