title: Association between low serum magnesium level and major adverse cardiac events in patients treated with drug-eluting stents for acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association of serum magnesium (Mg) levels and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mg depletion plays a key role in the pathphysiologic features of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thrombosis, arrhythmias and coronary artery disease. Whether the depletion is related to the long-term prognosis of DES implantation is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2011, we enrolled 414 consecutive patients <50 years old who underwent DES implantation for acute coronary syndrome. Serum Mg level was analyzed and patients were followed up for a median of 24 months (interquartile range 14-32 months) for the occurrence of MACEs defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and any revascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For patients with unstable angina, no significant association between serum Mg level and MACEs was found in the multivariate model. For patients with myocardial infarction, after adjusting for age, positive family history, smoking status, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes at baseline, the risk was 8.11-fold higher for patients with quartile 1 than 4 Mg level (95% confidence interval 1.7-38.75; P<0.01). In addition, when tested as a continuous variable, serum magnesium was a significant predictor for MACEs of acute myocardial infarction (HR [per 0.1 mM increase], 0.35 [95% CI, 0.19-0.63], p< 0.01), after adjustment for other confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low serum level of Mg may be an important predictor of MACEs with DES implantation for acute myocardial infarction. Further research into the effectiveness of Mg supplementation for these patients is warranted.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Guipeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhongqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jifu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fengshuang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Fine Arts School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium