title: Staggered and tapered antibiotic withdrawal with administration of kefir for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.
abstract: Daily administration of the probiotic kefir given in combination with a staggered and tapered antibiotic withdrawal regimen may resolve recurrent Clostridium difficile infection as effectively as fecal microbiota transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Disease, St Luke's Hospital, Duluth, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Johan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bakken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D043302:Cultured Milk Products; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Clostridium difficile; antibiotic withdrawal; diarrhea; kefir; recurrent