title: Sublethal toxic effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate and nonylphenol to Moina macrocopa.
abstract: The aim of this paper was to examine the sublethal toxic effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP10EO), its primary degradation product nonylphenol (NP), and their mixture on Moina macrocopa. Chronic toxicity tests were carried out by using sublethal chemical concentrations. Results showed that all treatments reduced the survivorship, body length, and reproduction of M. macrocopa with NP being 10 %-20 % more toxic to M. macrocopa than NP10EO. Results also indicated that the toxic effects of NP10EO and NP mixture on M. macrocopa were more severe than that of any single chemical alone. At the highest concentration in this experiment, 0.337 mg L(-1) NP10EO plus 0.0154 mg L(-1) NP treatment caused the survivorship of M. macrocopa to zero, neonates number of reproductions to zero, 45.5 % reduction in the body length, and 88 % reduction in the total neonates number.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xue-lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhi-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jing-jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Shun-shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D010636:Phenols; C021754:terics; C025256:nonylphenol