title: Analysis of gastrin-releasing peptide gene and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene in patients with agoraphobia.
abstract: A gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) knock-out mouse model provided evidence that the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its neural circuitry operate as a negative feedback-loop regulating fear, suggesting a novel candidate mechanism contributing to individual differences in fear-conditioning and associated psychiatric disorders such as agoraphobia with/without panic disorder. Studies in humans, however, provided inconclusive evidence on the association of GRP and GRPR variations in agoraphobia with/without panic disorder. Based on these findings, we investigated whether GRP and GRPR variants are associated with agoraphobia. Mental disorders were assessed via the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) in 95 patients with agoraphobia with/without panic disorder and 119 controls without any mental disorders. A complete sequence analysis of GRP and GRPR was performed in all participants. We found no association of 16 GRP and 7 GRPR variants with agoraphobia with/without panic disorder.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aPsychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine bSurgical Research cConservative Dentistry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus dInstitute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy eInstitute of Psychology II, Technische Universität Dresden fDepartment of Psychiatry, Städtisches Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden gBliestal Clinics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Blieskastel hInstitute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein iCenter for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Görgens
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Einsle
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Kannen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grossmann
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Köllner
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hemmelmann
authors.forename: Hans K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Schackert
mesh_terms: D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018004:Receptors, Bombesin; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide