title: Synthesis of a novel acrylated abietic acid-g-bacterial cellulose hydrogel by gamma irradiation.
abstract: Acrylated abietic acid (acrylated AbA) and acrylated abietic acid-grafted bacterial cellulose pH sensitive hydrogel (acrylated AbA-g-BC) were prepared by a one-pot synthesis. The successful dimerization of acrylic acid (AA) and abietic acid (AbA) and grafting of the dimer onto bacterial cellulose (BC) was confirmed by 13C solid state NMR as well as FT-IR. X-ray diffraction analysis showed characteristic peaks for AbA and BC; further, there was no effect of increasing amorphous AA content on the overall crystallinity of the hydrogel. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a glass transition temperature of 80°C. Gel fraction and swelling studies gave insight into the features of the hydrogel, suggesting that it was suitable for future applications such as drug delivery. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed an interesting interpenetrating network within the walls of hydrogel samples with the lowest levels of AA and gamma radiation doses. Cell viability test revealed that the synthesized hydrogel is safe for future use in biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Mustafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abeer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: mciamin@pharmacy.ukm.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azwan Mat
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lazim
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000091:Acetobacter / Q000737:chemistry*; D000179:Acrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D003059:Cocos / Q000382:microbiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D019281:Dimerization; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000179:Acrylates; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D002482:Cellulose; C023710:abietic acid
keywords: Abietic acid; Bacterial cellulose; Gamma radiation; Hydrogel; Polymer