title: Do glucose containing beverages play a role in thermoregulation, thermal sensation, and mood state?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dehydration limits the appropriate delivery of oxygen and substrates to the working muscle. Further, the brain's ability to function may also be compromised whereby thermal sensation and mood state may be altered.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the thermoregulatory, perceptual, and negative mood state profile in glucose (GLU) vs. non-glucose beverage (NON-GLU) condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy men volunteered and were counterbalanced either a GLU or NON-GLU containing beverage on separate mornings. In each condition, they were exposed to 37°C, 50% relative humidity (RH) for baseline, exercise, rehydration, and recovery periods. The exercise period elicited the desired level of dehydration (mean of 2.6 ± 0.3% body weight losses). Upon completion of the protracted exercise, participants were administered either a GLU or NON-GLU containing electrolyte based sports drink ad libitum for 30 min, followed by a recovery period of 15 min in 37°C, 50% RH. Rectal (Tre) and mean skin temperatures (Tsk) were continuously monitored. Gagge (TS) and heated thermal sensation (HTS), profile of mood state (POMS) were measure at the end of each period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During recovery after rehydration, Tre was not significantly different between conditions (GLU vs. NON-GLU) (37.4 ± 0.8 vs. 37.0 ± 1.2°C); Tsk was also not affected by rehydration in both conditions (36.0 ± 0.5 vs. 36.0 ± 0.6°C) and, TS and HTS did not differ between conditions (0.9 ± 1.3 vs.1.3 ± 0.7) and (1.0 ± 0.8 vs.0.8 ± 0.3). Total mood disturbance (TMD) score for the POMS was utilized for overall negative mood state and demonstrated a main effect for time (p < 0.05). TMD during recovery was decreased compared to before hydration in both conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The non-glucose containing beverage maintained plasma volume and was effective at maintaining body temperature homeostasis in a similar fashion compared to the glucose containing beverage. Furthermore, negative mood state was not different between the two conditions. The non-glucose beverages can serve a valuable role in the exercise environment depending upon the sport, the ambient temperature, the individual, duration of the exercise, the age and training states of the individual.
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Yongsuk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Corey A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunstad
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Glickman