title: Psychosis in frontotemporal dementia.
abstract: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, associated with a progressive decline in behavior caused by focal degeneration of the frontal lobes. Psychosis was an underestimated symptom of FTD, however, recent genetic research has revealed a high prevalence of psychosis in certain genetic groups. The primary objective of this work is to review the literature on psychosis in FTD and to propose directions for future research, with reference to findings on psychosis in schizophrenia. A search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Search terms included "frontotemporal dementia", "psychosis", "schizophreni*", "psychotic symptoms", "hallucinations", and "delusions", and it identified 122 articles. Results revealed: 1) prevalence is approximately 10%, 2) TDP-43 type B and FUS pathologies might have relatively high frequency of psychosis, 3) psychosis in FTD is higher with genetic mutations of C9ORF72 and GRN, 4) imaging researches did not achieve conclusive results, and 5) no treatment for psychosis in FTD is currently available. A limitation of this systematic review is that it includes a small number of studies specifically examining psychosis in FTD. It is suggested that a possible overlap exists between FTD and schizophrenia. This potential overlap indicates a vulnerability to psychosis due to brain systems and pathways shared by these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plitman
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graff-Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000073885:C9orf72 Protein; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000077153:Progranulins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000073885:C9orf72 Protein; C568651:C9orf72 protein, human; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Frontotemporal dementia; gene mutation; neuropathology; psychosis; schizophrenia