title: Corticotomy-assisted maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and Class III elastics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the treatment effects of corticotomy-assisted maxillary protraction with skeletal anchorage and Class III elastics in patients with Class III malocclusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 19 patients with a mean age of 13.12 ± 1.28 years. Initially, patients were monitored for 5 months before treatment to evaluate growth changes. Changes during control, protraction and fixed orthodontic treatment periods were compared with the cephalometric radiographs taken initially, before protraction, after protraction, and after fixed orthodontic treatment. Treatment outcomes also were compared with the growth effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sagittal measurements of maxilla showed significant improvements (3.59 ± 1.32 mm) during the protraction period (3.85 ± 1.12 months) whereas no significant changes were seen during the control period. Upper and lower incisor inclinations were increased, and the upper occlusal plane angle showed significant counterclockwise rotation during protraction. Significant soft-tissue changes also reflected the underlying skeletal changes. Maxillary advancement was stable during fixed orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with control period of the patients, this protocol produced significant improvements in skeletal and soft-tissue structures.
authors.affiliation: a  Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hanife Nuray
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garip
authors.forename: Tulin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satilmis
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kucukkeles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods*; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D012399:Rotation; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014716:Vertical Dimension
keywords: Elastics; Maxillary protraction; Skeletal anchorage