title: Diverticulitis occurs early after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung transplantation recipients are at an increased risk for developing diverticulitis. However, the incidence and natural history of diverticulitis have not been well characterized. Our objective was to identify patient and transplant-related factors that may be associated with an increased risk of developing diverticulitis in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective single institution study. All patients who received a lung transplant between May 2008 and July 2013 were evaluated using an existing lung transplantation database. Patient-related factors, the incidence and timing of diverticulitis, and outcomes of medical and surgical management were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 314 patients who received a lung transplant, 14 patients (4.5%) developed diverticulitis. All episodes (100%) of diverticulitis occurred within the first 2 y after transplantation. Eight patients (57%) required surgery with a mortality rate of 12.5%. Six patients (43%) were managed medically and did not require surgery with a mean follow-up period of 442 d.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diverticulitis is common after lung transplantation and occurs with a higher incidence compared with the general population. Diverticulitis occurs early in the posttransplant period, and the majority of patients require surgery. Patients who respond promptly to medical treatment may not require elective resection. A greater awareness of the risk of diverticulitis in the early posttransplant period may allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Hassan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Anne Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardehali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. Electronic address: jyoo@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D004238:Diverticulitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Diverticulitis; Diverticulosis; Immunosuppression; Lung transplantation