title: Targeting IL-34 in chronic inflammation.
abstract: A second ligand for colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) with distinct biologic activities had long been implicated but not appreciated until the recent discovery of interleukin (IL)-34. IL-34 and CSF-1 signal through this common receptor to mediate the biology of mononuclear phagocytic cells. Aberrant macrophage activation by CSF-1 and/or IL-34 is associated with numerous diseases, and clinical therapies targeting this pathway are being tested. Although IL-34 and CSF-1 have distinct activities under physiologic conditions, they appear functionally redundant in various disease states. Thus, blocking the activity of both might be necessary for maximal efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Five Prime Therapeutics, 2 Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Electronic address: emma.masteller@fiveprime.com.
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Masteller
authors.affiliation: Five Prime Therapeutics, 2 Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007378:Interleukins; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor