title: Immunization information systems to increase vaccination rates: a community guide systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunizations are the most effective way to reduce incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Immunization information systems (IISs) are confidential, population-based, computerized databases that record all vaccination doses administered by participating providers to people residing within a given geopolitical area. They facilitate consolidation of vaccination histories for use by health care providers in determining appropriate client vaccinations. Immunization information systems also provide aggregate data on immunizations for use in monitoring coverage and program operations and to guide public health action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods for conducting systematic reviews for the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to assess the effectiveness of IISs. Reviewed evidence examined changes in vaccination rates in client populations or described expanded IIS capabilities related to improving vaccinations. The literature search identified 108 published articles and 132 conference abstracts describing or evaluating the use of IISs in different assessment categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies described or evaluated IIS capabilities to (1) create or support effective interventions to increase vaccination rates, such as client reminder and recall, provider assessment and feedback, and provider reminders; (2) determine client vaccination status to inform decisions by clinicians, health care systems, and schools; (3) guide public health responses to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease; (4) inform assessments of vaccination coverage, missed vaccination opportunities, invalid dose administration, and disparities; and (5) facilitate vaccine management and accountability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from 240 articles and abstracts demonstrate IIS capabilities and actions in increasing vaccination rates with the goal of reducing vaccine-preventable disease.
authors.affiliation: Community Guide Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Analysis, and Library Services (Dr Hopkins and Mss Murphy Morgan and Patel), Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases (Mss Groom, Pabst, Shefer, and Town and Dr Zucker), Office for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Support (Dr Rasulnia), and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (Dr Wortley), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; The Colorado Trust, Denver, Colorado (Dr Calonge); American Immunization Registry Association (AIRA), Washington, District of Columbia (Ms Coyle); Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Dombkowski); and Oregon Immunization Program, Portland, Oregon (Ms Kurilo). Ms Groom is now with Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groom
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy Morgan
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Ned
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Calonge
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dombkowski
authors.forename: Amy V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Groom
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kurilo
authors.forename: Bobby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rasulnia
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shefer
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Town
authors.forename: Pascale M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wortley
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zucker
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000379:methods*; D007256:Information Systems; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines