title: Comparison of isokinetic hip abduction and adduction peak torques and ratio between sexes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate hip abductor and adductor peak torque outputs and compare their ratios between sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional laboratory-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants visited a laboratory and performed an isokinetic hip abductor and adductor test. All participants performed 2 sets of 5 repetitions of concentric hip abduction and adduction in a standing position at 60 degrees per second. Gravity was determined as a function of joint angle relative to the horizontal plane and was corrected by normalizing the weight of the limb on an individual basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 collegiate athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sex (20 females and 16 males).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral peak hip abductor and adductor torques were measured. The 3 highest peak torque values were averaged for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent t tests were used to compare sex differences in hip abductor and adductor peak torques and the abductor:adductor peak torque ratios. Males demonstrated significantly greater hip abductor peak torque compared with females (males 1.29 ± 0.24 Nm/kg, females 1.13 ± 0.20 Nm/kg; P = 0.03). Neither hip adductor peak torque nor their ratios differed between sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex differences in hip abductor strength were observed. The role of weaker hip abductors in females deserves further attention and may be a factor for higher risk of knee pathologies.
authors.affiliation: *The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts; †Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ‡Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center and Human Performance Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio; §Rehabilitation Science Doctoral Program, College of Health Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; ¶School of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom; ‖Athletic Training Program, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; **Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Sports Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, and Departments of Physiology & Cell Biology, Family Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mattacola
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mullineaux
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hewett
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013848:Thigh; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult