title: Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus.
abstract: We describe the isolation and sequencing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) obtained from a dromedary camel and from a patient who died of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection after close contact with camels that had rhinorrhea. Nasal swabs collected from the patient and from one of his nine camels were positive for MERS-CoV RNA. In addition, MERS-CoV was isolated from the patient and the camel. The full genome sequences of the two isolates were identical. Serologic data indicated that MERS-CoV was circulating in the camels but not in the patient before the human infection occurred. These data suggest that this fatal case of human MERS-CoV infection was transmitted through close contact with an infected camel.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (E.I.A.), Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center (E.I.A., S.A.E., S.A.F., A.M. Hassan, M.S.A., A.M. Hashem), and the Departments of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (A.M. Hashem) and Medicine (T.A.M.), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Esam I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.forename: Sherif A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: El-Kafrawy
authors.forename: Suha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Farraj
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Muneera S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Saeed
authors.forename: Anwar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hashem
authors.forename: Tariq A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Madani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus / Q000821:virology*; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East; D009666:Nose / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral