title: The joint effects on Photobacterium phosphoreum of metal oxide nanoparticles and their most likely coexisting chemicals in the environment.
abstract: Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been used increasingly and are likely to accumulate in natural water bodies, where they encounter and interact with other environmental chemicals. These interactions result in joint effects on biological systems and the environment. However, compared with the intensive research examining the toxicities of individual NPs, the toxicities of NP mixtures remain relatively unexplored. In this work, we studied the joint effects of NPs and their most likely coexisting chemicals in the environment, including NPs with different compositions, humic substances, and surfactants. Our results indicate that the joint effects of NP mixtures were usually simple addition, which is commonly adopted in real risk assessment. However, the joint effects obtained for mixtures that contained ZnO were exclusively associated with antagonism. In addition, the mixtures of NPs and surfactants resulted in complex joint effects, i.e., antagonistic, additive, and synergistic effects were found for the mixtures with ZnO, NiO, and Fe-oxide, respectively. Our study suggests that the assessments of the ecological risk of NPs, particularly ZnO NPs, should consider the impact of their coexisting chemicals in the environment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China>
authors.forename: Dali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China>
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China>; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China. Electronic address: lzhifen@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhifen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China>
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China>
authors.forename: Weixian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D004336:Drug Antagonism; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000633:toxicity; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000633:toxicity*; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010087:Oxides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Humic acid; Mixture toxicity; Nanoparticle; Surfactant