title: Variable correlation of grid coordinates to core location in template prostate biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transperineal template prostate biopsy has been proposed to facilitate systematic biopsy in patients undergoing repeat biopsy who are at high risk for cancer. Advocates tout the reliability of the grid to define biopsy location compared to hand-held transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy. However, accuracy of the biopsy needle depends on bevel position, tissue deformity, and technique. Due to this potential for error, we sought to determine whether the use of transperineal template biopsy would assure reproducibly accurate needle placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard 0.5 cm brachytherapy grid was utilized for transperineal biopsy. A single grid hole was used to obtain biopsies. The bevel of the needle was rotated to a different position with each biopsy, and the angle of the needle was varied to test the ability of the grid to "map" the prostate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed wide variation of needle location through a single brachytherapy grid hole. We are able to show that at 5 cm depth, an area of 2.47 mm(2) is possible to biopsy and at a depth of 25 cm; approximately 7.56 mm(2) is possible to biopsy. This gives a precision of biopsy of at the most shallow depth 22% and at the deepest 7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is potential for technical and equipment associated error with transperineal template guided prostate biopsy. The grid alone can account for substantial sources of error, so technique remains critical if the grid coordinates are to be used to predict presence or extent of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brede
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Douville
authors.affiliation: Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jones
keywords: Focal therapy; Prostate biopsy; Prostate cancer; Template