title: Content validity of the Toronto Pain Management Inventory-Acute Coronary Syndrome Version.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac pain and/or discomfort arising from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) can often be severe and anxiety-provoking. Cardiac pain, a symptom of impaired myocardial perfusion, if left untreated, may lead to further myocardial hypoxia, which can potentiate myocardial damage. Evidence suggests that once ACS patients are stabilized, their pain may not be adequately assessed. Lack of knowledge and problematic beliefs about pain may contribute to this problem. To date, no standardized tools are available to examine nurses' specific knowledge and beliefs about ACS pain that could inform future educational initiatives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the content validity of the Toronto Pain Management Inventory-ACS Version (TPMI-ACS), a 24-item tool designed to assess nurses' knowledge and beliefs about ACS pain assessment and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight clinical and scientific experts rated the relevance of each item using a four-point scale. A content validity index was computed for each item (I-CVI), as well as the total scale, expressed as the mean item CVI (S-CVI/AVE). Items with an I-CVI > or = 0.7 were retained, items with an I-CVI ranging from 0.5-0.7 were revised and clarified, and items with an I-CVI < or = 0.5 were discarded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I-CVIs ranged from 0.5-1.0 and the S-CVI/AVE was 0.90, reflecting high inter-rater agreement across items. The least relevant item was eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary content validity was established on the TPMI-ACS version. All items retained in the TPMI-ACS version met requirements for content validity. Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the TPMI-ACS is needed to establish criterion and construct validity, as well as reliability indicators.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Keefe-McCarthy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGillion
authors.forename: Sioban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McFetridge-Durdle
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watt-Watson
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing*; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results