title: Surgical treatment of congenital hallux varus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of congenital hallux varus deformity after surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated ten feet of eight patients with a congenital hallux varus deformity, including four feet combined with a longitudinal epiphyseal bracket (LEB). There were seven male patients and one female patient with a mean age of 33 months (range, 7 to 103 months) at the time of surgery. Two patients were bilaterally involved. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.9 years (range, 2.3 to 13.8 years). Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the criteria of Phelps and Grogan. Surgical procedures included the Farmer procedure, the McElvenny procedure or an osteotomy at the first metatarsal or proximal phalanx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical results were excellent in two feet, good in six and poor in two feet. The LEB was associated with hallux varus in four feet and were treated by osteotomy alone or in conjunction with soft tissue procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital hallux varus was successfully corrected by surgery with overall favorable outcome. Preoperatively, a LEB should be considered as a possible cause of the deformity in order to prevent recurrent or residual varus after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kang
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D050488:Hallux Varus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy; D011859:Radiography
keywords: Congenital hallux varus; Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket; Surgical treatment