title: [Influence of polymer type on the physical properties and the release study of papaverine hydrochloride from tablets].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymers are widely used in drug manufacturing. Researchers studied their impact on the bioavailability of active substances or on physical properties of tablets for many years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of polymer excipients, such as microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102), croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone or polyvinylpyrrolidone, on the release profile of papaverine hydrochloride from tablets and on the physical properties of tablets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six series of uncoated tablets were prepared by indirect method, with previous wet granulation. Tablets contained papaverine hydrochloride and various excipients. The physical properties of the prepared granules, tablets and the release profile of papaverine hydrochloride from tablets were examined. The content of papaverine hydrochloride from the release study were determined spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tablets met the pharmacopoeia requirements during following tests: the disintegration time of tablets, uncoated tablets resistance to abrasion, the weight uniformity and dose formulations, their dimensions, the resistance to crushing of tablets and the drug substance content in the tablet. In four cases more than 80% of papaverine was released up to 2 min, in one formula it was up to 5 min, and in last one up to 10 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tablets containing crospovidone disintegrated faster than tablets with croscarmellose sodium. Adding gelatinized starch to the tablet composition increased the disintegration time, hardness and delayed the release of papaverine. During the wet granulation process, granules containing polyvinylpyrrolidone were characterized by a suitable flow properties and slightly prolonged disintegration time. Tablets containing Avicel PH 102 compared to tablets with Avicel PH 101 had less weight loss during the test of mechanical resistance, improved hardness and faster release profile of papaverine from tablets.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Farmacji Stosowanej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasperek
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Farmacji Stosowanej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polski
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Chemii Organicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobótka-Polska
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Farmacji Stosowanej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poleszak
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification*; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005079:Excipients; D011108:Polymers; D013607:Tablets; D010208:Papaverine; D011205:Povidone