title: The effect of a bioglass paste on enamel exposed to erosive challenge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study is evaluating the effect of using a 45S5 bioglass paste and topical fluoride application on the cross sectional micro-hardness and the chemical surface changes of eroded enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enamel discs were obtained from the buccal surface of one hundred extracted human non-carious third molars. The enamel surfaces were ground flat and each disc was coated with two layers of acid resistant nail varnish except for an exposed treatment window (3mm×2mm) on the buccal surface of the tooth. All specimens were challenged for 60 min by orange juice (Tropicana, Chicago, USA) pH 3.85+0.5. The specimens were divided into four groups: the 45S5 bioglass paste group, fluoride gel group (5 min application), fluoride gel group (24h application) while the rest of specimens served as control. The cross-sectional micro-hardness of 20 specimens from each group was measured. Five specimens from each group had their top eroded enamel surfaces examined by SEM-EDS. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the cross-sectional micro-hardness of the three groups p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  45S5 bioglass paste application significantly improved the sub-surface eroded enamel when compared to fluoride and control specimens (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  45S5 bioglass paste can efficiently improve the micro-hardness of the sub-surface eroded enamel surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the 45S5 Bioglass paste can be used efficiently as a potent remineralizing agent for the sub-surface enamel lesions resulting from erosive challenges.
authors.affiliation: Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. Electronic address: drahmedbakry@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed Samir
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bakry
authors.affiliation: Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia.
authors.forename: Hanadi Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Marghalani
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Omayma A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Global Center of Excellence Program, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D003461:Crystallography; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C510984:NovaMin; D019279:Resin Cements; C425330:bioactive glass 45S5
keywords: 45S5 bioglass; Erosion; Micro-indentation; Remineralization