title: Peptic ulcer disease in liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis: impact of portal hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in liver cirrhosis (LC) and chronic hepatitis has not been established. The aim of this study was to assess the role of portal hypertension from PUD in patients with LC and chronic hepatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the medical records of 455 hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy patients who had LC or chronic hepatitis in a single tertiary hospital. The association of PUD with LC and chronic hepatitis was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 72 PUD cases were detected. PUD was associated with LC more than with chronic hepatitis (odds ratio [OR]: 4.13, p = 0.03). In the univariate analysis, taking an ulcerogenic medication was associated with PUD in patients with LC (OR: 4.34, p = 0.04) and smoking was associated with PUD in patients with chronic hepatitis (OR: 3.61, p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, taking an ulcerogenic medication was associated with PUD in patients with LC (OR: 2.93, p = 0.04). However, HVPG was not related to PUD in patients with LC or chronic hepatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the present study, patients with LC have a higher risk of PUD than those with chronic hepatitis. The risk factor was taking ulcerogenic medication. However, HVPG reflecting portal hypertension was not associated with PUD in LC or chronic hepatitis (Clinicaltrial number NCT01944878).
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon , Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Seok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Gwang Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: Jong Hyeok
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Bong
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: Jai Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yeon Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
keywords: cirrhosis; peptic ulcer disease; portal hypertension; viral hepatitis