title: Bariatric endocrinology: principles of medical practice.
abstract: Obesity, is a chronic, biological, preventable, and treatable disease. The accumulation of fat mass causes physical changes (adiposity), metabolic and hormonal changes due to adipose tissue dysfunction (adiposopathy), and psychological changes. Bariatric endocrinology was conceived from the need to address the neuro-endocrinological derangements that are associated with adiposopathy, and from the need to broaden the scope of the management of its complications. In addition to the well-established metabolic complications of overweight and obesity, adiposopathy leads to hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia, dysregulation of gut peptides including GLP-1 and ghrelin, the development of an inflammatory milieu, and the strong risk of vascular disease. Therapy for adiposopathy hinges on effectively lowering the ratio of orexigenic to anorexigenic signals reaching the the hypothalamus and other relevant brain regions, favoring a lower caloric intake. Adiposopathy, overweight and obesity should be treated indefinitely with the specific aims to reduce fat mass for the adiposity complications, and to normalize adipose tissue function for the adiposopathic complications. This paper defines the principles of medical practice in bariatric endocrinology-the treatment of overweight and obesity as means to treat adiposopathy and its accompanying metabolic and hormonal derangements.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Campoy
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Conor
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4415-5659
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Cameron
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Tiphani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ransom
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quinonez-Weislow
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Center for Obesity, Metabolism and Endocrinology (MNCOME), 1185 Town Centre Drive, Suite 220, Eagan, MN 55123, USA.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Ahumada