title: From aerosol-limited to invigoration of warm convective clouds.
abstract: Among all cloud-aerosol interactions, the invigoration effect is the most elusive. Most of the studies that do suggest this effect link it to deep convective clouds with a warm base and cold top. Here, we provide evidence from observations and numerical modeling of a dramatic aerosol effect on warm clouds. We propose that convective-cloud invigoration by aerosols can be viewed as an extension of the concept of aerosol-limited clouds, where cloud development is limited by the availability of cloud-condensation nuclei. A transition from pristine to slightly polluted atmosphere yields estimated negative forcing of ~15 watts per square meter (cooling), suggesting that a substantial part of this anthropogenic forcing over the oceans occurred at the beginning of the industrial era, when the marine atmosphere experienced such transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Altaratz
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D057231:Climate Change; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D006358:Hot Temperature
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols