title: Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of people with type 2 diabetes as related to self-management practices: Results of a cross-sectional study conducted in Luzon, Philippines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study measured factors that could be associated with self-management practices of people with type 2 diabetes from two different health systems in the Philippines in terms of diabetes knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of support and self-efficacy, and obesity/adiposity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, obesity/adiposity measures, adherence to medications, diabetes diet, and exercise and the number of diabetes consultations of people with type 2 diabetes utilizing services of two different health systems were collected. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, obesity/adiposity, and demographic characteristics according to: proper/under-utilization of services; adherence/non-adherence to medications, diet and exercise; high/low perceived self-efficacy; and the health systems. Logistic regression was done to identify any associations with obesity/adiposity, self-management practices, and perceived self-efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 549 respondents. Differences in knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and some demographic characteristics between the two health systems and between those with high/low self-efficacy perceptions were significant. Perceived self-efficacy was significantly associated with all four self-management practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People consulting at the health service with a more supportive system had better perceived self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Higher knowledge, attitude, and perception scores were noted among those with better self-efficacy perceptions, which was associated with better self-care behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium gracemariekumd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Grace Marie V
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kegels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D010679:Philippines; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2; attitudes and perceptions; diabetes knowledge; low-to-middle income country (Philippines); self-efficacy; self-management practices