title: Phases in development of an interactive mobile phone-based system to support self-management of hypertension.
abstract: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke worldwide. Effective treatment regimens exist; however, treatment adherence rates are poor (30%-50%). Improving self-management may be a way to increase adherence to treatment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the phases in the development and preliminary evaluation of an interactive mobile phone-based system aimed at supporting patients in self-managing their hypertension. A person-centered and participatory framework emphasizing patient involvement was used. An interdisciplinary group of researchers, patients with hypertension, and health care professionals who were specialized in hypertension care designed and developed a set of questions and motivational messages for use in an interactive mobile phone-based system. Guided by the US Food and Drug Administration framework for the development of patient-reported outcome measures, the development and evaluation process comprised three major development phases (1, defining; 2, adjusting; 3, confirming the conceptual framework and delivery system) and two evaluation and refinement phases (4, collecting, analyzing, interpreting data; 5, evaluating the self-management system in clinical practice). Evaluation of new mobile health systems in a structured manner is important to understand how various factors affect the development process from both a technical and human perspective. Forthcoming analyses will evaluate the effectiveness and utility of the mobile phone-based system in supporting the self-management of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Linköping, Sweden ; Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Linköping, Sweden ; Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taft
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Linköping, Sweden ; Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranerup
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Linköping, Sweden ; Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.affiliation: The NEPI Foundation, Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Höfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kasperowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Communication and Learning, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mäkitalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Communication and Learning, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University ; Department of Use of Medical Products, Medical Products Agency, Uppsala.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Specialist and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Motala.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rosenqvist
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping ; Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kjellgren
keywords: adherence; blood pressure; cellular phone; communication; devices; person-centered care