title: 124 Iodine: a longer-life positron emitter isotope-new opportunities in molecular imaging.
abstract: (124)Iodine ((124)I) with its 4.2 d half-life is particularly attractive for in vivo detection and quantification of longer-term biological and physiological processes; the long half-life of (124)I is especially suited for prolonged time in vivo studies of high molecular weight compounds uptake. Numerous small molecules and larger compounds like proteins and antibodies have been successfully labeled with (124)I. Advances in radionuclide production allow the effective availability of sufficient quantities of (124)I on small biomedical cyclotrons for molecular imaging purposes. Radioiodination chemistry with (124)I relies on well-established radioiodine labeling methods, which consists mainly in nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions. The physical characteristics of (124)I permit taking advantages of the higher PET image quality. The availability of new molecules that may be targeted with (124)I represents one of the more interesting reasons for the attention in nuclear medicine. We aim to discuss all iodine radioisotopes application focusing on (124)I, which seems to be the most promising for its half-life, radiation emissions, and stability, allowing several applications in oncological and nononcological fields.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, Localita Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Lucio
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cascini
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, No. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Artor
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1227-029X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niccoli Asabella
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, No. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Notaristefano
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, Localita Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Restuccia
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, No. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, No. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, No. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Altini
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, No. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1972-3308
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes