title: Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus by free-living wild animals in Spain.
abstract: The presence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was analyzed in different free-living wild animals to assess the genetic diversity and predominant genotypes on each animal species. Samples were taken from the skin and/or nares, and isolates were characterized by spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The proportion of MSSA carriers were 5.00, 22.93, 19.78, and 17.67% in Eurasian griffon vulture, Iberian ibex, red deer, and wild boar, respectively (P = 0.057). A higher proportion of isolates (P = 0.000) were recovered from nasal samples (78.51%) than skin samples (21.49%), but the 9.26% of red deer and 18.25% of wild boar would have been undetected if only nasal samples had been tested. Sixty-three different spa types were identified, including 25 new spa types. The most common were t528 (43.59%) in Iberian ibex, t548 and t11212 (15.79% and 14.04%) in red deer, and t3750 (36.11%) in wild boar. By MLST, 27 STs were detected, of which 12 had not been described previously. The most frequent were ST581 for Iberian ibex (48.72%), ST425 for red deer (29.82%), and ST2328 for wild boar (42.36%). Isolates from Eurasian griffon vulture belong to ST133. Host specificity has been observed for the most frequent spa types and STs (P = 0.000). The highest resistance percentage was found against benzylpenicillin (average, 22.2%), although most of the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial tested. Basically, MSSA isolates were different from those MRSA isolates previously detected in the same animal species.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain cporrero@visavet.ucm.es.
authors.forename: M Concepción
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Porrero
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Wildlife Diseases Research Group, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mentaberre
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Red de Recursos Faunísticos, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández-Llario
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Wildlife Diseases Research Group, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Encarna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casas-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Wildlife Diseases Research Group, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavín
authors.affiliation: Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José-Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fernández-Garayzábal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D003670:Deer / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013030:Spain; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents