title: Stockinette application over a non-prepped foot risks proximal contamination.
abstract: This study sought to determine if there was an increased risk for surgical site contamination during stockinette application for a lower extremity surgery draping technique. Utilizing a simulated, sterile surgical field, stockinettes were applied over 10 cadaver lower extremities that were contaminated with non-pathogenic Escherichia coli on the foot. Of those, five specimens were then disinfected with Chloroprep and another 5 did not undergo any disinfection. All the specimens in which the stockinette was applied over a non-prepped foot showed proximal contamination. No contamination occurred in any of the specimens where the foot was disinfected. Stockinette can be a source of surgical site contamination when placed over a non-prepared foot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Marvil
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Nathan C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Tiedeken
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Simon C M
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Solomon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sweitzer
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001458:Bandages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D002102:Cadaver; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005528:Foot / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D058636:Surgical Drapes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: draping technique; knee arthroplasty; preoperative preparation; sterile technique; surgical site infection