title: Body composition changes after 12 months of FES cycling: case report of a 60-year-old female with paraplegia.
abstract: METHODS
  Single-subject (female, 60 years of age) case.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case report is to document body composition changes in a 60-year-old female with chronic paraplegia after 12 months of home-based functional electrical stimulation lower extremities cycling (FES-LEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Home-based FES-LEC with internet connection. Southeastern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  FES-LEC three sessions per week for 12 months in participant's home and monitored by the research staff via internet connection. Pre- and post-exercise program testing for body composition including percent body fat, fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 7.7% increase in total body LM and a 4.1% increase in legs LM. There was a 1.2% decrease in total body FM and a 9.9% decrease in legs FM. Percent body fat decreased from 48.4 to 46.3 and whole-body BMD was increased from 0.934 to 1.023, which resulted in an improvement in the DXA T-score from -2.4 to -1.3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive body compositional changes during this study support the idea that long-term FES-LEC can help restore healthier ratios of LM and FM and possibly decrease the risk of associated diseases. Increased whole-body BMD provides hope that long-term FES-LEC may be beneficial regarding bone health.
authors.affiliation: 1] Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Richmond, VA, USA [2] Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dolbow
authors.affiliation: 1] Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Richmond, VA, USA [2] Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gorgey
authors.affiliation: 1] Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Richmond, VA, USA [2] Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gater
authors.affiliation: Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy