title: Chromatographic fingerprint analysis and effects of the medicinal plant species Mitracarpus frigidus on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms.
abstract: The aims of this work were to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal properties of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and to determine its HPLC profile. For the in vitro experiment, four pairs of adult worms, obtained from infected mice, were exposed to different concentrations of MFM (100 to 400 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h and analyzed under an inverted microscope. For the in vivo experiment, mice were inoculated with cercariae and, 20 days after infection, MFM (100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for the following 25 days. Mice were euthanized after 60 days. MFM showed in vitro schistosomicidal activity, exhibiting the opening of the gynaecophoral canal of some male schistosomes, the presence of contorted muscles, vesicles, and the darkening of the paired worms skin. In vivo experiments showed that MFM treatments significantly reduced total worm count, as praziquantel, showing a decrease in liver and spleen weight. Also, a significant reduction in granuloma density was observed. MFM treatment did not cause alterations in the liver function of either infected or noninfected mice. The HPLC chromatogram profile showed the presence of kaempferol-O-rutinoside, rutin, kaempferol, psychorubrin, and ursolic acid.
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Luiz
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Fabri
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Maria de Oliveira
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Aragão
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jônatas Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Florêncio
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nícolas de Castro Campos
authors.initials: Nde C
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, 30190 002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Alves
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.affiliation: Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, 30190 002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Marcos Zech
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Christina Marques Nogueira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Castañon
authors.affiliation: Protein Structure and Function Study Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eveline Gomes
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Protein Structure and Function Study Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila de Faria
authors.initials: Pde F
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D019666:Rubiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D044949:Kaempferols; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012431:Rutin; D012556:Schistosomicides; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097245:Ursolic Acid; C054001:psychorubrin; C006552:kaempferol