title: Osteoarthritis in young, active, and athletic individuals.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most devastating chronic conditions that affect people around the world. Although the usual population associated with the condition is the elderly, who are mostly inactive, athletes and younger individuals are also susceptible. Depending on the population, the etiology may differ; injuries, occupational activities, and obesity appear to be the most common causes of OA in young and athletic populations. Diagnosing OA in athletes and young individuals is sometimes challenging because of their increased pain tolerance. However, the treatment of OA in these populations does not differ from its management in the general population. Several considerations need to be taken into account when choosing a treatment modality. The purpose of this review is to address OA in athletes and younger individuals and to discuss its presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Adae O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Amoako
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: George Guntur A
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Pujalte
keywords: arthritis; athletes; cartilage; joints; osteoarthritis