title: Osteointegration of a bisphenol-a-glycidyl-dimethacrylate composite and its use in anterior skull base defects: an experimental study in an experimental design model of cerebrospinal fluid leak.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Promising clinical results were reported in watertight closure of anterior skull base defects (ASBDs) with bisphenol-a-glycidyl-dimethacrylate (bis-GMA)-based materials to prevent the cerebrospinal fluid leaks. However, interrelation of these materials with surrounding bones in histologic level, referred to as the osteointegration, has not been reported in the anterior skull base. In addition, an illustrative case with an ASBD that was repaired using a bis-GMA composite has been presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups: control and sham groups consisted of 2 and 6 rabbits, respectively. The "skull base defect" group (n = 6) underwent a unifrontal craniectomy and an iatrogenic ASBD followed by creating a dural defect to obtain a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Similar bony and dural defects were acquired in the "repair with bis-GMA based allograft" group (n = 6), but the bony defect was closed with bis-GMA-based allograft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals in the "skull base defect" group died in 3 weeks after surgery. There were no animal losses in the "repair with bis-GMA based allograft" group at the sixth month. Histologic evaluation revealed complete osteointegration of bis-GMA composite with surrounding bones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bis-GMA based allograft achieved a watertight repair of the ASBD. Histologic findings of this study showed that bis-GMA composite is a reliable material to be used in the closure of anterior skull base bony defects.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; †Department of Neurosurgery, State Hospital of Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey; ‡Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; §Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey; and ∥Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Galip Zihni
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Sanus
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kucukyuruk
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Biceroglu
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isler
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.forename: Sait
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albayram
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurkcu
authors.forename: Buge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000293:injuries; D011817:Rabbits; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; C475778:CORTOSS; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate