title: Global perspectives on trace element requirements.
abstract: Trace elements are inorganic constituents of the human body present in concentrations less than 50mg/kg body weight. An exception is iron that is found in slightly higher amounts, 60 mg/kg body weight, but it is classified within this category due to its physiological roles. Requirements of trace elements can vary according to age, gender, growth, body composition, genetics, pregnancy, lactation, wound healing and burns, alcohol abuse, infections, and diseases (anemia, coronary artery, Keshan, Kashin-Beck). Additionally, interactions may occur with dietary factors, such as other minerals (iron versus copper), phytates (zinc), oxalates (iron), fiber (manganese), and polyphenolic compounds (molybdenum). On a global basis, requirements can vary according to soil and geographical location, food preparation and processing, food accessibility, cultural practices (geophagia) and pollution. Furthermore, global differences exist in body composition, ethnicity, and age of menarche.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, United States. Electronic address: jfreelandg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jeanne H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Freeland-Graves
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, United States.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanjeevi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, United States.
authors.forename: Jane J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014943:Global Health; D048788:Growth and Development; D006801:Humans; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Bioavailability; Dietary requirements; Diseases; Nutrients; Trace elements