title: Uniform cross-linked cellulase aggregates prepared in millifluidic reactors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uniform cross-linked cellulase aggregate (XCA) can be prepared by using a millifluidic reactor which consists of two inlets and a Y-junction, because mixing pattern and spatial distribution of reactants can be controlled precisely.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous cellulase solution is mixed with acetonitrile (as a precipitant) and 20 mM of glutaraldehyde (as a cross-linker) at the Y-junction. XCA is collected from the outlet of the reactor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uniform XCA, with an average size between 200 nm and 400 nm, can be formed inside the reactor. Unlike free cellulase, XCA is insoluble such that it can be filtered out from the solution. It can be used alone or absorb on silica gel (XCA-Si) as a catalyst for hydrolyzing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Interestingly, XCA-Si shows highest activity at pH 4.8 and 50°C, which is similar to the optimal condition of free cellulase. Moreover, XCA-Si is more stable than free cellulase at high temperature (>60°C). It precipitates naturally and can be recycled at least 5 times after the hydrolysis of CMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Le Truc
authors.initials: le T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Electronic address: cheyk@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Kun-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D002480:Cellulase; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Cellulase; Cross-linked enzyme aggregate; Millifluidic