title: Morphogen and proinflammatory cytokine release kinetics from PRGF-Endoret fibrin scaffolds: evaluation of the effect of leukocyte inclusion.
abstract: The potential influence of leukocyte incorporation in the kinetic release of growth factors from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may explain the conflicting efficiency of leukocyte platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) scaffolds in tissue regeneration. To assess this hypothesis, leukocyte-free (PRGF-Endoret) and L-PRP fibrin scaffolds were prepared, and both morphogen and proinflammatory cytokine release kinetics were analyzed. Clots were incubated with culture medium to monitor protein release over 8 days. Furthermore, the different fibrin scaffolds were morphologically characterized. Results show that leukocyte-free fibrin matrices were homogenous while leukocyte-containing ones were heterogeneous, loose and cellular. Leukocyte incorporation produced a significant increase in the contents of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-16 but not in the platelet-derived growth factors release (<1.5-fold). Surprisingly, the availability of vascular endothelial growth factor suffered an important decrease after 3 days of incubation in the case of L-PRP matrices. While the release of proinflammatory cytokines was almost absent or very low from PRGF-Endoret, the inclusion of leukocytes induced a major increase in these cytokines, which was characterized by the presence of a latent period. The PRGF-Endoret matrices were stable during the 8 days of incubation. The inclusion of leukocytes alters the growth factors release profile and also increased the dose of proinflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Foundation Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anitua
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zalduendo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Alkhraisat
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orive
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020100:Hydrogels; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019410:Interleukin-16; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C095477:platelet-derived growth factor AB; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005337:Fibrin
keywords: fibrin scaffold; growth factors; inflammation; leukocytes; platelet-rich plasma