title: The Effectiveness of the Tupiq Program for Inuit Sex Offenders.
abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of the Tupiq program, a culturally specific program for Inuit sex offenders that incorporates cognitive behavioural methods with traditional Inuit knowledge and culture led by Inuit healers and facilitators. Outcomes of 61 offenders who participated in the Tupiq program and were released were compared with outcomes of a cohort of 114 released Inuit sex offenders incarcerated during the same time period who had taken alternative sex offender treatment programs, or had not attended any sex offender program. On release, Tupiq participants had significantly lower rates of general reoffending and violent reoffending than those in the combined comparison group. The hazard of reoffending for the comparison group was almost twice that of the Tupiq group. Although the sexual reoffending rate for the Tupiq participants was less than half of that of the comparison group, the difference between the two groups was not significant because of reduced statistical power. Survival analysis controlling for covariates confirmed significantly lower rates of general reoffending for the Tupiq group. Further analyses comparing the outcomes of the subgroup of offenders in the comparison group who participated in alternative sex offender treatment programs with those who participated in Tupiq indicated that Tupiq participants had significantly lower rates of both general and sexual reoffending. These positive results for this culturally specific program suggest that similarly designed interventions have a probability of contributing to the reduction of sexual offending within Inuit communities and, potentially, other jurisdictions that work with cultural minority sex offender groups from relatively isolated communities.
authors.affiliation: Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Lynn.Stewart@csc-scc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Lynn A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Nunavut Arctic College, Iqaluit, Canada.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.affiliation: Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cousineau
authors.affiliation: Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Varrette
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D015331:Cohort Studies; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Aboriginal offenders; Inuit offenders; correctional program; culturally specific correctional programs; program evaluation; sex offenders