title: Serum copper, zinc and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in community-living Japanese elderly women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Associations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) serum levels with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been extensively studied in elderly Asian people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationships to CVD risk factors were examined in 202 freely-living elderly Japanese women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By univariate analysis, log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and non-HDL cholesterol were associated with serum Cu concentrations. An independent predictor of Cu was log hsCRP. Serum Zn concentrations decreased with age. After adjustment for age, serum albumin, HDL cholesterol and red blood cell (RBC) were positively and serum insulin and log hsCRP were inversely associated with serum Zn. In stepwise multiple regression analysis (model 1), serum albumin and HDL cholesterol were associated with serum Zn. In analysis excluding albumin from model 1 (model 2), independent determinants were log hsCRP (inverse) and the total number of RBC. In analysis including serum creatinine in model 2, creatinine has emerged as a determinant in addition to log hsCRP and RBC number. In analysis including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) instead of creatinine and excluding age in model 2, eGFR has emerged as a determinant of serum Zn in addition to log hsCRP and RBC number.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic low-grade inflammation may contribute to elevated serum Cu and decreased serum Zn concentrations in the elderly, and may represent an important confounder of the relationship between the serum trace elements and mortality in this population.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6- 46, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan. kazumi@mukogawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terazawa Watanabe
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazumi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D012709:Serum Albumin; D003300:Copper; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine; D015032:Zinc