title: Endodontic and clinical considerations in the management of variable anatomy in mandibular premolars: a literature review.
abstract: Mandibular premolars are known to have numerous anatomic variations of their roots and root canals, which are a challenge to treat endodontically. The paper reviews literature to detail the various clinically relevant anatomic considerations with detailed techniques and methods to successfully manage these anomalies. An emphasis and detailed description of every step of treatment including preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative identification and management, and surgical endodontic considerations for the successful management of these complex cases have been included.
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Speciality Practice, Orlem, Malad, Mumbai 400064, India.
authors.forename: Denzil
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3676-6983
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala 686691, India.
authors.forename: Jojo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4479-0238
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kottoor
authors.affiliation: Hammo Endodontic Speciality Clinic, Amman 11110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammo
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery