title: Parents who wish no further treatment for their child.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the ethical and clinical literature, cases of parents who want treatment for their child to be withdrawn against the views of the medical team have not received much attention. Yet resolution of such conflicts demands much effort of both the medical team and parents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To discuss who can best protect a child's interests, which often becomes a central issue, putting considerable pressure on mutual trust and partnership.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the case of a 3-year-old boy with acquired brain damage due to autoimmune-mediated encephalitis whose parents wanted to stop treatment. By comparing this case with relevant literature, we systematically explored the pros and cons of sharing end-of-life decisions with parents in cases where treatment is considered futile by parents and not (yet) by physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sharing end-of-life decisions with parents is a more important duty for physicians than protecting parents from guilt or doubt. Moreover, a request from parents on behalf of their child to discontinue treatment is, and should be, hard to over-rule in cases with significant prognostic uncertainty and/or in cases with divergent opinions within the medical team.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Ethics, Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antje A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Seeber
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Law, Division of Public Health & Epidemiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjef K M
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.affiliation: Egmond, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ferry
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Ethics, Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dick L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D033282:Parental Consent / Q000941:ethics* / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000941:ethics*
keywords: Allowing Minors to Die; End of Life Care; Family; Minors/Parental Consent; Right to Refuse Treatment