title: Ammonium carbonate is more attractive than apple and hawthorn fruit volatile lures to Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State.
abstract: The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is an introduced, quarantine pest of apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen) in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. In the eastern United States where the fly is native, fruit volatiles have been reported to be more attractive than ammonia compounds to R. pomonella. However, the opposite may be true in the western United States. Here, we determined whether newly identified western apple and western hawthorn fruit volatiles are more attractive than ammonium carbonate (AC) to R. pomonella in apple, black hawthorn, and ornamental hawthorn trees in western Washington State. In all three host trees, sticky red sphere or yellow panel traps baited with AC generally caught more flies than traps baited with lures containing the four newly developed fruit blends (modified eastern apple, western apple, western ornamental hawthorn, and western black hawthorn) or two older blends (eastern apple and eastern downy hawthorn). Fruit volatiles also displayed more variation among trapping studies conducted at different sites, in different host trees, and across years than AC. The results imply that traps baited with AC represent the best approach to monitoring R. pomonella in Washington State.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA.
authors.forename: Wee L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Meralee J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Goughnour
authors.forename: Dong H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Feder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002254:Carbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C040502:ammonium carbonate