title: Inactivated vaccine with adjuvants consisting of pattern recognition receptor agonists confers protection against avian influenza viruses in chickens.
abstract: Use of adjuvant containing pathogen pattern recognition receptor agonists is one of the effective strategies to enhance the efficacy of licensed vaccines. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of avian influenza vaccines containing an adjuvant (CVCVA5) which was composed of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic, resiquimod, imiquimod, muramyl dipeptide and levomisole. Avian influenza vaccines adjuvanted with CVCVA5 were found to induce significantly higher titers of hemagglutiniton inhibition antibodies (P≤0.01) than those of commercial vaccines at 2-, 3- and 4-week post vaccination in both specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and field application. Furthermore, virus shedding was reduced in SPF chickens immunized with H9-CVCVA5 vaccine after H9 subtype heterologous virus challenge. The ratios of both CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) lymphocytes were slowly elevated in chickens immunized with H9-CVCVA5 vaccine. Lymphocytes adoptive transfer study indicates that CD8(+) T lymphocyte subpopulation might have contributed to improved protection against heterologous virus challenge. Results of this study suggest that the adjuvant CVCVA5 was capable of enhancing the potency of existing avian influenza vaccines by increasing humoral and cellular immune response.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jihu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Guofei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qiaochu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoxiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Fengxiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Scicences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Moo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: houjibo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jibo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D056738:Cross Protection; D007110:Immunity, Active; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Adjuvants; Agonist; Avian influenza virus; Inactivated vaccine; Pattern recognition receptor; Toll-like receptor