title: Overweight, high blood pressure and impaired fasting glucose in Uyghur, Han, and Kazakh Chinese children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the levels of blood pressure and fasting glucose differ among Chinese children of three different ethnicities (i.e., Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and Hans) and whether the differences are explained by childhood obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a large three ethnic pediatric population (n = 6633), whose ages ranged from 7 to 18 years. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured using standard protocols. Fasting glucose was measured in a subset of children (n = 2295) who were randomly selected based on ethnicity and age. The age-sex stratified Chinese national cut-offs were used to define obesity and high blood pressure (HBP). The prevalence of HBP, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), mean levels of blood pressure, and glucose were compared among three ethnic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2142 Uyghurs, 2078 Han, and 1997 Kazakhs were analyzed. After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), the mean blood pressure for Uyghurs was on average, 2-4 mm Hg lower than those for Hans and Kazakhs. Kazakhs had the lowest mean fasting glucose compared with Hans and Uyghurs (4.5 vs. 5.0 vs. 4.8 mmol/L, respectively). The differences in blood pressure and fasting glucose persisted even after adjusting for age and BMI, and the differences among ethnic groups in blood pressure levels and fasting glucose levels were observed as early as 7-9 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HBP and IFG differed significantly among Uyghurs, Hans, and Kazakhs, and the ethnic differences observed in childhood were consistent with those observed in adults from the same region. While childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for hypertension and elevated glucose, the differences among ethnic groups were not explained by obesity alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.|Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 830011 (where study were carried out).
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The No.5 Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Ruili Road, Minhang District. Shanghai, China 200240.
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 830011 (where study were carried out).
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 830011 (where study were carried out).
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 830011 (where study were carried out).
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 830011 (where study were carried out).
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 830011 (where study were carried out).
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute, and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: children and adolescents; diabetes; ethnic difference; hypertension; obesity