title: Hepatitis B virus infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a devastating malignant tumor arising from the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. The incidence and mortality of ICC is markedly increasing over the past two decades worldwide, though the cause for this rise in incidence is unclear, thus intensifying the search for alternative etiological agents and pathogenetic mechanisms. Hepatolithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, parasitic infection (Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis), fibropolycystic liver disease, and chemical carcinogen exposure are thought to be the risk factors for ICC. Nevertheless, the majority of ICC patients do not have any of these risk factors, and none of the established risk factors can explain the recent increasing trend of ICC. Therefore, identifying other risk factors may lead to the prevention and early detection of ICC. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the predominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV-endemic areas. This review discusses the evidence implicating chronic HBV infection as a likely etiology of ICC and the pathogenetic mechanisms that might be involved.
authors.affiliation: Hua-Bang Zhou, He-Ping Hu, Department I of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Bang
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Hua-Bang Zhou, He-Ping Hu, Department I of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Hua-Bang Zhou, He-Ping Hu, Department I of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: He-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000821:virology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D015534:Trans-Activators; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein
keywords: Epidemiology; Etiopathogenesis; Hepatitis B virus; Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma