title: Immunogen design for HIV-1 and influenza.
abstract: Vaccines provide the most cost effective defense against pathogens. Although vaccines have been designed for a number of viral diseases, a vaccine against HIV-1 still remains elusive. In contrast, while there are excellent influenza vaccines, these need to be changed every few years because of antigenic drift and shift. The recent discovery of a large number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and structural characterization of the conserved epitopes targeted by them presents an opportunity for structure based HIV-1 and influenza A vaccine design. We discuss strategies to design immunogens either targeting a particular antigenic region or focusing on native structure stabilization. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Ujjwal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sannula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesavardhana
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: V Vamsee Aditya
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mallajosyula
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India. Electronic address: varadar@mbu.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Raghavan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varadarajan
keywords: Glycosylation; Native trimer; Protein minimization; Stability; Vaccine