title: A Novel de novo Balanced Reciprocal Translocation t(18;22) Associated with Recurrent Miscarriages: A Case Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent miscarriage is a major concern in the couples with reproductive problems. The chromosomal abnormalities, mainly balanced rearrangements are reported in variable phenotypes and the prevalence of them is 2-8% in such couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic evaluations were performed on a couple with RM. The cytogenetic analysis of the husband revealed a balanced reciprocal translocation of t(18;22)(q21.1;q12) whereas wife had a normal karyotype of 46,XX. Further spectral karyotyping was performed to rule out the involvement of any other chromosomal aberrations present in the genome. Additional whole chromosome paint FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) with paint probes 18 and 22 confirmed the translocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of a novel (18;22) translocation with unique breakpoints and their association with RM. The reciprocal translocations provide a good opportunity for the identification of disease associated genes. However, in recurrent miscarriages, most of them do not disrupt any gene at the breakpoint but can lead to unbalanced gametes and hence poor reproductive outcome like RM or birth of a child with malformations and intellectual disability. The translocation breakpoints might be risk factors for RM. Moreover, the impact of the balanced translocations in association with RM is discussed in this report.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Tuljaguda complex, Andhra-Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Usha R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Tuljaguda complex, Andhra-Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rajitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ponnala
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics Division, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Tuljaguda complex, Andhra-Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalal
keywords: Balanced translocation; FISH; GTG banding; Recurrent miscarriages; SKY