title: Effects of breeder feeding restriction programs and incubation temperatures on progeny footpad development.
abstract: Footpad dermatitis begins early in life, and there is evidence of individual susceptibility. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the carryover effects of breeder feed restriction programs and incubation temperatures (TEM) on progeny footpad development at hatch, and 7 and 22 d. Cobb 500 fast feathering breeders were subjected to 2 dietary feed restriction programs during rearing: skip-a-day (SAD) and every-day feeding (EDF). At 60 wk of age, eggs from each group were collected and incubated according to 2 TEM, standard (S) eggshell temperature (38.1°C) and early-low late-high (LH). This second profile had low (36.9°C) eggshell temperature for the first 3 d, and standard temperature until the last 3 d when eggs were subjected to elevated (38.9°C) eggshell temperature. At hatch, 15 chicks from each treatment combination were sampled to obtain footpads for histological analysis. Seventy-two chicks per treatment were placed in 48 cages (6/cage), and raised to 22 d. At 7 and 22 d, 1 and 2 chickens, respectively, were sampled for footpads. The BW and group feed intake were recorded to obtain BW gain and feed conversion ratio at 7 and 21 d. Histological analysis assessed thickness and total area of stratus corneum (SC), epidermis, and dermis, and total papillae height. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. There was a negative effect of LH TEM on performance at both ages. An interaction effect on SC area and papillae height was observed at hatch. Additionally, SAD treatment increased thickness and area of footpad dermis. At 7 d, the SC parameters of the SAD progeny were increased. Epidermis thickness was affected by treatment interaction. Furthermore, LH TEM decreased epidermis thickness and dermis area. At 22 d, interaction effects were observed in thickness and area of SC and epidermis. Incubation S TEM increased thickness and area of dermis. It was concluded that breeder feed restriction programs and incubation TEM profiles may have carryover effects on histomorphological traits of footpads.
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Da Costa
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695 edgar_oviedo@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Oviedo-Rondón
authors.affiliation: Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wineland
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602 Merial Select, Gainesville, GA 30501.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montiel
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000662:veterinary*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D013696:Temperature
keywords: breeder; broiler; feed restriction; footpad development; incubation