title: Improving 2-phenylethanol and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone production with fungi by microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC).
abstract: Trichoderma atroviride IMI 206040 synthesizes the coconut lactone 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PAP) de novo and Aspergillus niger DSM 821 produces the rose-like flavour compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) from the precursor l-phenylalanine. Here, microparticles of different chemical composition and nominal particle diameter in the range 5-250 µm were added to shake-flask cultures of both fungi to investigate the particles' effect on product formation. Maximum 2-PE concentration increased by a factor of 1.3 to 1430 mg/l with the addition of 2% w/v talc (40 µm diameter). Maximum 6-PAP concentration increased by a factor of 2 to 40 mg/l with the addition of 2% w/v iron (II, III) oxide. The influence of ions leaching out of the particles was investigated by cultivating the fungi in leached particle medium. For the first time, the positive effect of the microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) technique on the microbial production of volatile metabolites, here flavour compounds from submerged fungal cultures, is demonstrated. The effect is strain- and particle-specific.
authors.affiliation: DECHEMA Research Institute, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany.
authors.forename: M M W
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Etschmann
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walisko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krull
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holtmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrader
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000378:metabolism*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000378:metabolism*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011753:Pyrones; D010649:Phenylalanine; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Aspergillus; Trichoderma; flavour; morphology engineering; particle screening; talc