title: Identification of new flavonols in hybrid grapes by combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches.
abstract: Grape flavonols are involved in the phenomenon of copigmentation in red wines. These compounds are characterised by nutraceutical properties, have antioxidant activity and are studied for chemotaxonomy of grapes. In general, hybrid grapes are characterised by presence of polyphenols often qualitatively and quantitatively different from Vitis vinifera varieties. In this work, flavonols of 34 hybrid grape varieties (22 red and 12 white) produced by crossing of V. vinifera, Vitis riparia, Vitis labrusca, Vitis lincecumii and Vitis rupestris species, were studied. Compounds were characterised by combining different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods: precursor-ion and neutral-loss multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM), and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Twenty-four glycoside flavonols were identified, including 4 quercetin, 5 myricetin, 4 kaempferol, 3 isorhamnetin, 2 laricitrin, 3 syringetin and 3 dihydroflavonol derivatives; myricetin hexoside-glucuronide, myricetin O-di-hexoside, syringetin O-di-hexoside, isorhamnetin rutinoside and kaempferol rutinoside were found in grape for the first time. Statistical analysis (PCA and cluster analysis) divided the samples in four groups on the basis of their flavonol profiles.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano (TV), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Rosso
authors.affiliation: FEM-IASMA, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonidandel
authors.affiliation: FEM-IASMA, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Larcher
authors.affiliation: FEM-IASMA, S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano (TV), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalla Vedova
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano (TV), Italy; Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agroforestali, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano (TV), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardiman
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano (TV), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giust
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano (TV), Italy. Electronic address: riccardo.flamini@entecra.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flamini
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D044948:Flavonols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Flavonols; High resolution; Hybrid grape; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Neutral loss; Precursor ion