title: Impact of puberty on the evolution of cerebral perfusion during adolescence.
abstract: Puberty is the defining biological process of adolescent development, yet its effects on fundamental properties of brain physiology such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) have never been investigated. Capitalizing on a sample of 922 youths ages 8-22 y imaged using arterial spin labeled MRI as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we studied normative developmental differences in cerebral perfusion in males and females, as well as specific associations between puberty and CBF. Males and females had conspicuously divergent nonlinear trajectories in CBF evolution with development as modeled by penalized splines. Seventeen brain regions, including hubs of the executive and default mode networks, showed a robust nonlinear age-by-sex interaction that surpassed Bonferroni correction. Notably, within these regions the decline in CBF was similar between males and females in early puberty and only diverged in midpuberty, with CBF actually increasing in females. Taken together, these results delineate sex-specific growth curves for CBF during youth and for the first time to our knowledge link such differential patterns of development to the effects of puberty.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry,Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, sattertt@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Theodore D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Satterthwaite
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Russell T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry,Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hopson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics,Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, and.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Vandekar
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Kosha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruparel
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roalf
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Efstathios D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9280-3609
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gennatas
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics.
authors.forename: Guray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erus
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davatzikos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Detre
authors.affiliation: Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and.
authors.forename: Hakon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakonarson
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry,Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics,Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: Ruben C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Raquel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013113:Spin Labels; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels