title: Immunohistochemical distribution of cocaine and amphetamine regulatory peptide-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve fibers in the circular muscle layer and their relationship to other peptides in the human caecum.
abstract: Motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract is extensively controlled by the enteric nervous system (ENS). Numerous neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are responsible for this regulation. One of them is cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART). So far, there are few reports available concerning the distribution, functions, and co-localization of CART in the human gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present investigation was to study the distribution and degree of co-localization of CART with substances taking part in conducting sensory stimuli, such as: substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and Leu 5 enkephalin (L-ENK) in the circular muscle layer of the human caecum. CART-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve fibers formed a very dense meshwork in the circular muscle layer of the caecum in all patients studied. Moreover, all neuronal substances tested during the present investigation were observed in CART-LI processes, but the degree of co-localization depended on the type of substance. The highest number of CART-positive nerves also contained L-ENK. A slightly lower level of co-localization was observed in the case of CART and SP or NKA, while only single nerve fibers were simultaneously CART- and CGRP-positive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland. Electronic address: michal.bulc@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulc
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Całka
mesh_terms: D001338:Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D021381:Protein Transport; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein
keywords: Caecum; Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART); Human; Immunohistochemistry