title: The potential for the Farman entrainer to be used with a pediatric t-piece: a bench study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the limits of performance of the Farman Entrainer used with the t-piece for pediatric anesthesia in areas with limited oxygen supplies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bench tests were conducted with different system configurations, normal and 'emergency situation' ventilation patterns were replicated to reproduce a range of circumstances the anesthetist may encounter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that Fi0(2) rises and flow decreases with increasing CPAP, but probably within safe limits. A one way valve is essential to avoid high concentration of volatile agent. Very high ventilation rates reduce flow significantly. Increasing oxygen input from an oxygen concentrator increases the flow output but does not increase Fi0(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The basic characteristics of the system are within normally accepted parameters for t-piece anesthesia, safety in practice requires to be demonstrated by a clinical study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Graham T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapatuka
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: anesthesia; developing countries; equipment safety; inhalation; pediatric