title: Medical errors and uncertainty in primary healthcare: a comparative study of coping strategies among young and experienced GPs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study coping differences between young and experienced GPs in primary care who experience medical errors and uncertainty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire-based survey (self-assessment) conducted in 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finnish primary practice offices in Southern Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finnish GPs engaged in primary health care from two different respondent groups: young (working experience ≤ 5 years, n = 85) and experienced (working experience > 5 years, n = 80).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures included experiences and attitudes expressed by the included participants towards medical errors and tolerance of uncertainty, their coping strategies, and factors that may influence (positively or negatively) sources of errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 165/244 GPs responded (response rate: 68%). Young GPs expressed significantly more often fear of committing a medical error (70.2% vs. 48.1%, p = 0.004) and admitted more often than experienced GPs that they had committed a medical error during the past year (83.5% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.026). Young GPs were less prone to apologize to a patient for an error (44.7% vs. 65.0%, p = 0.009) and found, more often than their more experienced colleagues, on-site consultations and electronic databases useful for avoiding mistakes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experienced GPs seem to better tolerate uncertainty and also seem to fear medical errors less than their young colleagues. Young and more experienced GPs use different coping strategies for dealing with medical errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When GPs become more experienced, they seem to get better at coping with medical errors. Means to support these skills should be studied in future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuikka
authors.forename: Kaisu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pitkälä
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D058006:General Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035501:Uncertainty
keywords: Coping; Finland; GPs; general practice; medical error; primary care; uncertainty