title: Gene expression profile of LPS-stimulated dendritic cells induced by a recombinant Sj16 (rSj16) derived from Schistosoma japonicum.
abstract: Sj16, a 16-kDa protein secreted from Schistosoma japonicum, has been demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo, but its mechanism is still not clear. In this study, microarray analysis was performed to investigate the effects of recombinant Sj16 (rSj16) on the gene expression of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs). Immature DCs were treated with LPS, LPS + recombinant Sj16 (rSj16), or rSj16 alone for 24 h, and the gene expression profiles were examined using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays. With the cutoff value of 2-fold change in the expression, 509 genes were affected, 226 genes upregulated, and 283 genes downregulated after adding rSj16. Analysis by functional annotation clustering tool showed that rSj16-affected genes mainly associated with inflammatory response, defense response, regulation of immune system process, apoptosis, and cell migration. The results revealed that rSj16 reduced the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory genes such as cytokines (e.g., IL6, IL18, IFN-γ, IL12a, IL1b), chemokines, and receptors (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL9, CCL5, CCR5, CCR1, CCR2, CXCR3) and increased the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10. Further data mining of these genes by pathway analysis showed that genes regulated by rSj16 were significantly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis showed that rSj16 downregulated the expression of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-β kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) and nuclear factor-kappa β p65 (NF-κβ) messenger RNA (mRNA) and inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKβ and the NF-κB p65 protein, which implied that rSj16 exerting immunomodulatory effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway. These results provide useful information in further understanding of the immunoregulation mechanisms of Sj16, and it is indicated that Sj16 could be as a potential molecule for the immunosuppressant drug development.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lifu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiyue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Mingchiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Zhongdao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins