title: Incidence and risk of diabetes mellitus associated with depressive symptoms in adults: evidence from longitudinal studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We estimated the incidence and risk of diabetes associated with depressive symptoms using data from longitudinal studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Incidence of diabetes is presented as cumulative incident proportion (CIP). Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects model. The data were reconstructed to compute relative risk (RR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 16 studies selected for review generated 16 datasets of which 8 studies reporting binary estimates (RR) and 8 studies reporting time-to-event estimates (hazard ratio (HR)). Both RR and HR were significant at 1.67 (95% CI: 1.30-2.15) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.12-1.87) for incident diabetes associated with depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations revealed greater cumulative incidence of diabetes in depressed than in non depressed groups. Depression should be included among risk factors that required regular screening for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: shahzad.syed@uqconnect.edu.au.
authors.forename: Syed Shahzad
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: a.clavarino@sph.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clavarino
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: mamun@sph.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mamun
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: t.kairuz@pharmacy.uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kairuz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Adults; Depression; Diabetes; Incidence; Longitudinal