title: Disseminated nocardiosis during systemic steroid therapy for the prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection.
abstract: An 85-year-old man underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for a large superficial esophageal epithelial neoplasm, which required removal of 95% of the circumference of the esophageal mucosa. Steroids were given orally to prevent esophageal stricture starting on day 3 postoperatively. In the 6th week of steroid treatment, he developed high fever without other symptoms. Chest computed tomography revealed a nodular lesion in the lung. Sputum sample showed Gram-positive, branching, filamentous bacteria, and a diagnosis of nocardiosis was suspected. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple focal lesions which indicated dissemination of nocardiosis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was immediately started, which led to the disappearance of pulmonary and cerebral nocardiosis with alleviation of fever. Recently, oral steroid treatment has been widely used for the prevention of esophageal stricture. However, the present case indicates the risk of life-threatening infection and the importance of close monitoring of this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Namiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawara
authors.forename: Sinwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyonaga
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D011239:Prednisolone
keywords: Nocardia; endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); esophageal stricture; nocardiosis; steroid