title: Effects of microwave exposure and Gemcitabine treatment on apoptotic activity in Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) cells.
abstract: We investigated the effects of 1.8 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)-modulated microwave (MW) radiation on apoptotic level and cell viability of Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) cells with or without Gemcitabine, which exhibits cell phase specificity, primarily killing cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase). Raji cells were exposed to 1.8 GHz GSM-modulated MW radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.350 W/kg in a CO2 incubator. The duration of the exposure was 24 h. The amount of apoptotic cells was analyzed using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining with flow cytometer. The apoptotic activity of MW exposed Raji cells was increased significantly. In addition, cell viability of exposed samples was significantly decreased. Combined exposure of MW and Gemcitabine increased the amount of apoptotic cells than MW radiation alone. Moreover, viability of MW + Gemcitabine exposed cells was lower than that of cells exposed only to MW. These results demonstrated that MW radiation exposure and Gemcitabine treatment have a synergistic effect on apoptotic activity of Raji cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biophysics and Division of Hematology and.
authors.forename: Ayşe G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Canseven
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biophysics and Division of Hematology and.
authors.forename: Meric Arda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esmekaya
authors.affiliation: b Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayhan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Zahid
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Tuysuz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biophysics and Division of Hematology and.
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyhan
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry; D017209:Apoptosis; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D011419:Propidium / Q000737:chemistry; D011840:Radiation, Nonionizing; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D011419:Propidium; D004247:DNA; D000093542:Gemcitabine
keywords: Apoptosis; cell viability; non-ionizing; radiofrequency