title: Effects of diallyl trisulfide on induction of apoptotic death in murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro and alterations of the immune responses in normal and leukemic mice in vivo.
abstract: Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a chemopreventive dietary constituent and extracted from garlic, has been shown to against cultured many types of human cancer cell liens but the fate of apoptosis in murine leukemia cells in vitro and immune responses in leukemic mice remain elusive. Herein, we clarified the actions of DATS on growth inhibition of murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro and used WEHI-3 cells to generate leukemic mice in vivo, following to investigate the effects of DATS in animal model. In in vitro study, DATS induced apoptosis of WEHI-3 cells through the G0/G1 phase arrest and induction of caspase-3 activation. In in vivo study DATS decreased the weight of spleen of leukemia mice but did not affect the spleen weight of normal mice. DATS promoted the immune responses such as promotions of the macrophage phagocytosis and NK cell activities in WEHI-3 leukemic and normal mice. However, DATS only promotes NK cell activities in normal mice. DATS increases the surface markers of CD11b and Mac-3 in leukemia mice but only promoted CD3 in normal mice. In conclusion, the present study indicates that DATS induces cell death through induction of apoptosis in mice leukemia WHEI-3 cells. DATS also promotes immune responses in leukemia and normal mice in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, 220, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fang-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nou-Ying
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.|Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Jyh
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kung-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jing-Pin
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yang-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hai-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Chi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.|Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsu-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D013440:Sulfides; C036763:monocyte-macrophage differentiation antigen; C042577:diallyl trisulfide; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: DATS; WEHI-3 leukemia cells; apoptosis; caspase-3; immune responses; leukemic mice