title: Two-dimensional imaging detectors for structural biology with X-ray lasers.
abstract: Our ability to harness the advances in microelectronics over the past decade(s) for X-ray detection has resulted in significant improvements in the state of the art. Biology with X-ray free-electron lasers present daunting detector challenges: all of the photons arrive at the same time, and individual high peak power pulses must be read out shot-by-shot. Direct X-ray detection in silicon pixel detectors--monolithic or hybrid--are the standard for XFELs today. For structural biology, improvements are needed for today's 10-100 Hz XFELs, and further improvements are required for tomorrow's 10+ kHz XFELs. This article will discuss detector challenges, why they arise and ways to overcome them, along with the current state of the art.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA pdenes@lbl.gov.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denes
mesh_terms: D001695:Biology / Q000379:methods*; D004583:Electrons; D007834:Lasers; D017785:Photons; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: X-ray detectors; X-ray lasers; structural biology