title: Multiple recognition of RXLR effectors is associated with nonhost resistance of pepper against Phytophthora infestans.
abstract: Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a plant immune response to resist most pathogens. The molecular basis of NHR is poorly understood, but recognition of pathogen effectors by immune receptors, a response known as effector-triggered immunity, has been proposed as a component of NHR. We performed transient expression of 54 Phytophthora infestansRXLR effectors in pepper (Capsicum annuum) accessions. We used optimized heterologous expression methods and analyzed the inheritance of effector-induced cell death in an F2 population derived from a cross between two pepper accessions. Pepper showed a localized cell death response upon inoculation with P. infestans, suggesting that recognition of effectors may contribute to NHR in this system. Pepper accessions recognized as many as 36 effectors. Among the effectors, PexRD8 and Avrblb2 induced cell death in a broad range of pepper accessions. Segregation of effector-induced cell death in an F2 population derived from a cross between two pepper accessions fit 15:1, 9:7 or 3:1 ratios, depending on the effector. Our genetic data suggest that a single or two independent/complementary dominant genes are involved in the recognition of RXLR effectors. Multiple loci recognizing a series of effectors may underpin NHR of pepper to P. infestans and confer resistance durability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shin-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seon-In
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Saet-Byul
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sophien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.forename: Doil
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D002212:Capsicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016923:Cell Death; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D060146:Ecotype; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014771:Virion / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: Phytophthora infestans; RXLR effectors; multiple interactions; nonhost resistance; pepper