title: [Breeding management of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in Magdeburg Zoo].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The African black rhino is an endangered species. In Germany there are only five zoos where this species is kept and breeding has not been successful in all of them. In Magdeburg Zoo the last birth occurred in December 2005, and during the following years, no matings could be observed. During the construction of a new enclosure to enable a more natural mating behaviour, the reproduction status of the rhino cows was evaluated and a hormonal treatment was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 2009, faecal samples from two rhino cows (Diceros bicornis michaeli; "Mana", 30 years old, and "Maleika", 17 years old) were collected periodically, and the pregnanediol-glucuronide (PdG) and oestradiol concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Following evaluation of the results, both cows were treated for 12 days with Regumate® Equine, a synthetic progesterone, during the period of PdG-dominance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Mana" accepted the bull 11 days after completion of the hormonal treatment, and in December 2011 gave birth to a healthy calf. "Maleika" had her first ever oestrus 13 days after completion of the medication and also accepted the bull. Thereafter, she had two regular oestrus cycles with normal mating behaviour. Her first calf was born in July 2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The causal treatment of both cows, following a long period of infertility, with synthetic progesterone led to their pregnancy and the birth of healthy calves. The commercial product Regumate® Equine is appropriate to stimulate the sexual cycle in temporarily infertile black rhinos. Attention should be paid to the timing of the medication and the required dose.
authors.affiliation: Cornelia Schwarz, Veterinär-Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, der Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, E-Mail: cornelia2schwarz@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grothmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eulenberger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Einspanier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000502:physiology*; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D056727:Endangered Species; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010527:Perissodactyla / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Gestagens; Regumate® Equine; oestradiol; pregnancy; rhinoceros; sexual cycle