title: Antioxidative effects of Panax notoginseng saponins in brain cells.
abstract: Oxidative stress resulting from accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in cell death associated with neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. Antioxidant compounds that improve endogenous antioxidant defenses have been proposed for neural protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of total saponin in leaves of Panax notoginseng (LPNS) on oxidative stress and cell death in brain cells in vitro. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay indicated that LPNS (5 μg/ml) reduced H2O2-induced cell death in primary rat cortical astrocytes (23±8% reduction in LDH release vs. control). Similar protection was found in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation induced SH-SY5Y (a human neuroblastoma cell line) cell damage (78±7% reduction vs. control). The protective effects of LPNS in astrocytes were associated with attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. These effects involved activation of Nrf2 (nuclear translocation) and upregulation of downstream antioxidant systems including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1). These results demonstrate for the first time that LPNS has antioxidative effects which may be neuroprotective in neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ningna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: jmxxdrnx@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D053723:Panax notoginseng / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012503:Saponins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Astrocytes; Oxidative stress; SH-SY5Y cells; Total saponins of Panax notoginseng leaves