title: Prospective neurobiological effects of the aerial and root extracts and some pure compounds of randomly selected Scorzonera species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scorzonera L. species (Asteraceae) are edible and as medicinal plants are used for various purposed in folk medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The methanol extracts of the aerial parts and roots from 27 Scorzonera taxa were investigated for their possible neurobiological effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inhibitory potential of the Scorzonera species was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYRO) at 100 µg mL(-1) using ELISA microtiter assay. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested with radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity, ferric- (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, and scorzotomentosin-4-O-β-glucoside were also screened in the same manner. Total phenol and flavonoid quantification in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aerial parts of Scorzonera pisidica (40.25 ± 0.74%) and chlorogenic acid (46.97 ± 0.82%) displayed the highest TYRO inhibition, while the remaining samples showed only trivial inhibition against cholinesterases (2.08 ± 1.35%-25.32 ± 1.37%). The same extract of S. pisidica was revealed to be the most potent in scavenging of all three radicals and FRAP assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Out of 27 taxa, S. pisidica, in particular, may deserve further investigation for its neuroprotective potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: F Sezer
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: Ozlem Bahadir
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Acikara
authors.forename: Gulcin Saltan
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Citoglu
authors.forename: Ilkay Erdogan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dall' Acqua
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozgökce
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049934:Isocoumarins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D031186:Scorzonera / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005960:Glucosides; D049934:Isocoumarins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D012431:Rutin; C021304:hyperoside; D011794:Quercetin; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Asteraceae; Scorzonera; cholinesterase; neuroprotection; tyrosinase