title: Macroscopic electrical propagation in the guinea pig urinary bladder.
abstract: There is little knowledge about macroscopic electrical propagation in the wall of the urinary bladder. Recording simultaneously from a large number of extracellular electrodes is one technology that could be used to study the patterns of macroscopic electrical propagations. The urinary bladders from 14 guinea pigs were isolated and placed in an organ bath. A 16 × 4-electrode array was positioned at various sites on the serosal bladder surface, and recordings were performed at different intravesical volumes. In four experiments, carbachol (CCH; 10(-6) M), nifedipine (10 mM), or tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10(-6) M) was added to the superfusing fluid. After the experiments, the extracellular signals were analyzed and propagation maps were constructed. Electrical waves were detected at all sites on the bladder surface and propagated for a limited distance before terminating spontaneously. The majority of waves (>90%) propagated in the axial direction (i.e., from dome to base or vice versa). An increase in vesicle volume significantly decreased the conduction velocity (from 4.9 ± 1.5 to 2.7 ± 0.7 cm/s; P < 0.05). CCH increased, nifedipine decreased, while TTX had little effect on electrical activities. In addition, a new electrical phenomenon, termed a "patch," was discovered whereby a simultaneous electrical deflection was detected across an area of the bladder surface. Two types of electrical activities were detected on the bladder surface: 1) electrical waves propagating preferentially in the axial direction and 2) electrical patches. The propagating electrical waves could form the basis for local spontaneous contractions in the bladder during the filling phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and.
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lubbad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: J F B
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates wlammers@smoothmap.org.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004576:Electromyography; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D002217:Carbachol; D009543:Nifedipine
keywords: electrical impulse; electrical propagation; urinary bladder