title: Prevalence of xerostomia and the salivary flow rate in diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from relative or absolute insulin deficiency. One of the first oral symptoms of diabetes is xerostomia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the xerostomia symptoms and salivary flow rate in diabetic patients according to the type of diabetes, the level of metabolic control and the duration of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 156 adult patients of both sexes including 34 patients with diabetes type 1 (group C1), 59 with diabetes type 2 (group C2), and 63 generally healthy individuals as two control groups, sex- and age-matched to the diabetic group. The patients suffering from both types of diabetes were additionally subdivided according to the level of metabolic control and the duration of the disease. Xerostomia was diagnosed with the use of a specially prepared questionnaire and Fox's test. Moreover, the salivary flow rate of resting mixed saliva was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In type 1 diabetics, a significantly lower salivary flow rate in comparison to the age-matched control group (0.38 ± 0.19 mL/min vs. 0.53 ± 0.20 mL/min, p < 0.01) was found. However in type 2 diabetics, a slight lower salivary flow rate was noticed (on average, 20% lower). Dry mouth was far more frequently diagnosed in type 1 diabetics than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In type 1 diabetics, in comparison to healthy subjects, a significantly lower resting flow rate of saliva and significantly higher prevalence of xerosomia were observed, but in type 2 diabetics, only a trend of such variability was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skośkiewicz-Malinowska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology*; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000453:epidemiology*