title: Identification of primary and secondary metabolites with phosphorus status-dependent abundance in Arabidopsis, and of the transcription factor PHR1 as a major regulator of metabolic changes during phosphorus limitation.
abstract: Massive changes in gene expression occur when plants are subjected to phosphorus (P) limitation, but the breadth of metabolic changes in these conditions and their regulation is barely investigated. Nearly 350 primary and secondary metabolites were profiled in shoots and roots of P-replete and P-deprived Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and mutants of the central P-signalling components PHR1 and PHO2, and microRNA399 overexpresser. In the wild type, the levels of 87 primary metabolites, including phosphorylated metabolites but not 3-phosphoglycerate, decreased, whereas the concentrations of most organic acids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, polyhydroxy acids and sugars increased. Furthermore, the levels of 35 secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates, benzoides, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, were altered during P limitation. Observed changes indicated P-saving strategies, increased photorespiration and crosstalk between P limitation and sulphur and nitrogen metabolism. The phr1 mutation had a remarkably pronounced effect on the metabolic P-limitation response, providing evidence that PHR1 is a key factor for metabolic reprogramming during P limitation. The effects of pho2 or microRNA399 overexpression were comparatively minor. In addition, positive correlations between metabolites and gene transcripts encoding pathway enzymes were revealed. This study provides an unprecedented metabolic phenotype during P limitation in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
authors.forename: Bikram-Datt
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erban
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huhman
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopka
authors.forename: Wolf-Rüdiger
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Scheible
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005988:Glyceric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055442:Metabolome; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005988:Glyceric Acids; C000601386:MIRN399 microRNA, Arabidopsis; D035683:MicroRNAs; C514695:PHR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D018749:RNA, Plant; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010758:Phosphorus; C005156:3-phosphoglycerate; C514696:UBC24 protein, Arabidopsis; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes
keywords: metabolite profiling; microRNA; pho2; phosphate; phr1 mutant; roots; shoots