title: Emergence of the primary pediatric stroke center: impact of the thrombolysis in pediatric stroke trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In adult stroke, the advent of thrombolytic therapy led to the development of primary stroke centers capable to diagnose and treat patients with acute stroke rapidly. We describe the development of primary pediatric stroke centers through preparation of participating centers in the Thrombolysis in Pediatric Stroke (TIPS) trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data from the 17 enrolling TIPS centers regarding the process of becoming an acute pediatric stroke center with capability to diagnose, evaluate, and treat pediatric stroke rapidly, including use of thrombolytic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before 2004, <25% of TIPS sites had continuous 24-hour availability of acute stroke teams, MRI capability, or stroke order sets, despite significant pediatric stroke expertise. After TIPS preparation, >80% of sites now have these systems in place, and all sites reported increased readiness to treat a child with acute stroke. Use of a 1- to 10-Likert scale on which 10 represented complete readiness, median center readiness increased from 6.2 before site preparation to 8.7 at the time of site activation (P≤0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Before preparing for TIPS, centers interested in pediatric stroke had not developed systematic strategies to diagnose and treat acute pediatric stroke. TIPS trial preparation has resulted in establishment of pediatric acute stroke centers with clinical and system preparedness for evaluation and care of children with acute stroke, including use of a standardized protocol for evaluation and treatment of acute arterial stroke in children that includes use of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01591096.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rivkin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: deVeber
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirton
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Joan Cox
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Anthony K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Collin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hovinga
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Rebecca N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ichord
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grotta
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Lori C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Jorina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elbers
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Dana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Eric F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Hugh J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.).
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beslow
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (T.J.B.); Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (M.J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.d.V.), Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (A.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and BloodCenter of Wisconsin (J.C.G.); Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.K.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX (C.A.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.N.I.); Department of Neurology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.); Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.); Department of Neurology, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT (S.B.); Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, OH (N.R.F.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX (M.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA (J.E.); Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX (M.T.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (S.S.); Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (D.D.C.); Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.F.G.); Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.J.M.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital, CT (L.A.B.); Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA (K.S., C.A.-L.); and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (C.A.-L.). Calefond@uw.ed
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amlie-Lefond
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: child; stroke; thrombolytic therapy