title: Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus.
abstract: Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. Molecular weights of the four exo-polysaccharides were determined to be 6.3, 120, 150 and 11 kDa respectively. Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. Their immunomodulating activities may, at least partly, explain the health benefits of the mushroom.
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai Campus, 264209 Weihai, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511458 Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Zhao
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kari T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Inngjerdingen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Yuan-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Frode
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rise
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Terje E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai Campus, 264209 Weihai, China. Electronic address: psyan6@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pei-Sheng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Berit S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Complement fixating; Hypsizigus marmoreus; Macrophage stimulating; Molecular structures; Polysaccharides