title: Studying the Therapeutic Process by Observing Clinicians' In-Session Behaviour.
abstract: This paper presents a further step in the use and validation of a systematic, functional-analytic method of describing psychologists' verbal behaviour during therapy. We observed recordings from 92 clinical sessions of 19 adults (14 women and 5 men of Caucasian origin, with ages ranging from 19 to 51 years) treated by nine cognitive-behavioural therapists (eight women and one man, Caucasian as well, with ages ranging from 25 to 48 years). The therapists' verbal behaviour was codified and then classified according to its possible functionality. A cluster analysis of the data, followed by a discriminant analysis, showed that the therapists' verbal behaviour tended to aggregate around four types of session differentiated by their clinical objective (assessment, explanation, treatment and consolidation). These results confirm the validity of our method and enable us to further describe clinical phenomena by distinguishing psychologists' classes of clinically relevant activities. Specific learning mechanisms may be responsible for clinical change within each class. These issues should be analysed more closely when explaining therapeutic phenomena and when developing more effective forms of clinical intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We described therapists' verbal behaviour in a focused fashion so as to develop new research methods that evaluate psychological work moment by moment. We performed a cluster analysis in order to evaluate how the therapists' verbal behaviour was distributed throughout the intervention. A discriminant analysis gave us further information about the statistical significance and possible nature of the clusters we observed. The therapists' verbal behaviour depended on current clinical objectives and could be classified into four classes of clinically relevant activities: evaluation, explanation, treatment and consolidation. Some of the therapist's verbalizations were more important than others when carrying out these clinically relevant activities. The distribution of the therapists' verbal behaviour across classes may provide us with clues regarding the functionality of their in-session verbal behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montaño-Fidalgo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calero-Elvira
authors.forename: María Xesús
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Froján-Parga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Clinical Activities; Observation; Process Research; Verbal Behaviour; cognitive-Behavioural Therapy