title: Prospective Randomized Comparison of Open versus Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy: Experience of a Single Center from Northern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective randomized study on transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (TPLU) versus open ureterolithotomy (OU) for treatment of large impacted ureteric stones (≥ 1.5 cm) and assessment of overall results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study between 2010 to 2012, 30 patients underwent TPLU and 30 OU based on 1:1 randomization. The operation was indicated primarily in 44 cases or after failed shock-wave lithotripsy/ureteroscopy in 16 cases. Two groups were compared for operative time, success rate, visual pain score, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS® version 16.0 using Fisher exact or Mann-Whitney U tests with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in visual pain score (6.2 in TPLU group vs 3.1 in OU group on day 1; 4.8 vs. 2.4 on day 2) and tramadol requirements (184.32 mg in TPLU group vs. 150.87 mg in OU group on day 1; 97.34 mg vs. 65.56 mg on day 2) were statistically significant and more in OU. Hospital stay and convalescence were significantly lower in the TPLU. However, stone removal in one attempt was similar in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although successful stone removal rates are equal in both groups, TPLU is associated significantly with less postoperative pain, less analgesic requirement, shorter hospital stay and short convalescence in comparison to OU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Vishwajeet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rahul J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Satya N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sankhwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Era Medical College, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandey
keywords: Laparoscopy; Ureteral calculus; Ureterolithotomy