title: [Influence of primers ' chemical composition on shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resin cements establish a strong durable bond between zirconia ceramic and hard tissues of teeth. It is essential to use primers with proper chemical composition before cementation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the influence of primer's chemical composition on the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic to resin cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  132 zirconia specimens were randomly assigned to four groups. There were four resin systems used. They included resin cement and respective primer, dedicated to zirconia: Clearfil Ceramic Primer/Panavia F2.0, Monobond Plus/Multilink Automix, AZ - Primer/ResiCem, Z - Prime Plus/Duo-Link. In each group the protocol of cementation was as follows: application of primer to the zirconia surface and application of the respective resin cement in cylindric mold (dimensions: 3.0 mm height and 3.0 mm diameter). Then, the shear bond strength was evaluated and the failure type was assessed in lupes (×2.5 magnification), also random specimens under SEM. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the data, the level of significance was α = 0.05. Finally, the known chemical composition of each primer was analysed in reference to probable chemical bonds, which may occure between primers and zirconia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean shear bond strength between resin cements and zirconia was the highest for Z-Prime Plus/Duo-Link (8.24 ± 3,21 MPa) and lowest for Clearfil Ceramic Primer/Panavia F 2.0 (4.60 ± 2.21 MPa). The analysis revealed significant difference between all groups, except pair Clearfil Ceramic Primer/Panavia F 2.0 and AZ-Primer/ResiCem. The failure type in groups of Clearfil Ceramic Primer/Panavia F 2.0 and AZ-Primer/ResiCem was mainly adhesive, in groups Monobond Plus/ /Multilink Automix and Z-Prime Plus/Duo-Link mainly mixed. The chemical composition of primers affects different bond mechanisms between resin cements and zirconia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia can be obtained for the primer composed of 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and carboxylic monomer - Biphenyl dimethacrylate (BPDM).
authors.affiliation: Zakład Protetyki Stomatologicznej Katedry Stomatologii Odtwórczej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Łagodzińska
authors.affiliation: Uczelniane Laboratorium Badań Materiałowych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bociong
authors.affiliation: Zakład Protetyki Stomatologicznej Katedry Stomatologii Odtwórczej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dejak
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; C431350:Duo-Link; D008689:Methacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D019279:Resin Cements; C086115:Clearfil F2; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide