title: Facial tremor in dystonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tremor of the upper/middle part of the face, including the perinasal region and the forehead has been very rarely described in some patients with Parkinson's disease or Essential Tremor. It has not yet been reported in patients with idiopathic dystonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe here a series of 8 patients with common forms of idiopathic focal/segmental dystonia with tremor involving the upper/middle part of the face, along with demonstrative videos and electrophysiological recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of the tremor was confined to the face in two patients, whereas in six patients tremor was also evident either in the head/lower part of the face or in their upper limbs. Electrophysiological recordings disclosed a slightly irregular tremor with a frequency at about 3-5 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of patients with classical forms of dystonia can show a tremor involving the upper/middle part of the face.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento, Università di Verona, Italy. Electronic address: erro.roberto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erro
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Second Department of Neurology, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Neurology Clinic, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stamelou
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tabish A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Saifee
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Neurology, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Paediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganos
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antelmi
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balint
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordivari
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kailash P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004421:Dystonia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005145:Face / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Dystonia; Dystonic tremor; Facial tremor; Jaw tremor; Tremor of the face