title: Innovative Application of Cerebral rSO2 Monitoring During Shunt Tap in Pediatric Ventricular Malfunctioning Shunts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the reliability and potential application of cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) monitoring in malfunctioning ventricular shunts during tap.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective case series using convenience sample in subjects with confirmed malfunctioning shunt who had left and right cerebral rSO2 monitoring every 5 seconds before, during, and 1 hour after shunt tap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four subjects had cerebral rSO2 monitoring. Sixty-three subjects had proximal malfunctions, and 31 subjects had distal shunt malfunctions. The intrasubject's cerebral rSO2 trend and variability at pretap, during, and posttap times were highly correlated. Overall, the average rSO2 is lower in pretap as compared with posttap. Left cerebral rSO2 had lower means and larger SD as compared with right cerebral rSO2. Left pretap and posttap cerebral rSO2 variability was significantly associated with the location of shunt malfunction regardless of pretap, during, or posttap periods (P < 0.001), whereas right rSO2 variability was not predictive for malfunction location. Left cerebral rSO2 variability showed utility for identifying the location of malfunction with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve equal to 0.8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reliable cerebral rSO2 readings before, during, and after shunt tap were demonstrated. Left cerebral rSO2 changes from before to after shunt tap were more predictive for shunt malfunction location than right cerebral rSO2 changes. Observing cerebral rSO2 changes in relationship to shunt tap represents a potential surrogate in measuring cerebral pressures and blood flow changes after cerebral spinal fluid drainage. Significantly greater cerebral rSO2 changes occur for distal malfunction versus proximal malfunction after shunt tap, indicating its potential as an adjunct tool for detecting shunt malfunction type.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; †Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; and ‡Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and §Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Abramo
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tulipan
authors.forename: Abby
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen