title: The clock drawing test, mortality, incident cardiovascular events and dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to examine the association of the clock drawing test (CDT) with incident dementia, cardiovascular events and mortality in very elderly hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were hypertensive and aged 80 years and over. The CDT was administered at baseline and annually thereafter. Data on incident cardiovascular, fatal events and dementia were collected over follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 3845 participants recruited and followed up for a mean of 2.1 years. Of these, 2701 completed a CDT with 2259 available at baseline. Of this group, 6.6% had a cardiovascular event, 6.1% died, and 10% were diagnosed with dementia. There was no relationship between baseline CDT score and subsequent cardiovascular events or mortality. For incident dementia, the hazard ratio was 0.88 (95% confidence intervals 0.83-0.94) suggesting that better performance on the baseline CDT was associated with a lower risk of dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide tentative support for the CDT alongside other cognitive screening tools in a hypertensive elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulter
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dumitrascu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrowdale
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulpitt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: aged; clock drawing test; dementia; hypertension