title: Comparison of the solution of histidine-tryptophan-alfacetoglutarate with histidine-tryptophan-glutamate as cardioplegic agents in isolated rat hearts: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac arrest during heart surgery is a common procedure and allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures in an environment free of blood and movement. Using a model of isolated rat heart, the authors compare a new cardioplegic solution containing histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (group 2) with the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate (group 1) routinely used by some cardiac surgeons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess caspase, IL-8 and KI-67 in isolated rat hearts using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 Wistar male rats were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened, cardioctomy was performed and 40 ml/kg of the appropriate cardioplegic solution was infused. The hearts were kept for 2 hours at 4ºC in the same solution, and thereafter, placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30 minutes with Ringer-Locke solution. Immunohistochemistry analysis of caspase, IL-8, and KI-67 were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of caspase was lower in group 2 and Ki-67 was higher in group 2, both P<0.05. There was no statistical difference between the values of IL-8 between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was better than histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate solution because it reduced caspase (apoptosis), increased KI-67 (cell proliferation), and showed no difference in IL-8 levels compared to group 1. This suggests that the histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was more efficient than the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate for the preservation of hearts of rat cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcos Aurélio Barboza de
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lívia Carvalho
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Débora Aparecida Pires de Campos
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zuccari
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Antônio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto dos
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Husseni
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Petrucci
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Domingo Marcolino
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Braile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005977:Glutarates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006639:Histidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D005977:Glutarates; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006639:Histidine; D014364:Tryptophan; D020169:Caspases