title: The effectiveness of electronic screening and brief intervention for reducing levels of alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electronic screening and brief intervention (eSBI) has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption, but its effectiveness over time has not been subject to meta-analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to determine the effectiveness of eSBI over time in nontreatment-seeking hazardous/harmful drinkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies identified through searching the electronic databases PsychINFO, Medline, and EMBASE in May 2013. Two members of the study team independently screened studies for inclusion criteria and extracted data. Studies reporting data that could be transformed into grams of ethanol per week were included in the meta-analysis. The mean difference in grams of ethanol per week between eSBI and control groups was weighted using the random-effects method based on the inverse-variance approach to control for differences in sample size between studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant mean difference in grams of ethanol consumed per week between those receiving an eSBI versus controls at up to 3 months (mean difference -32.74, 95% CI -56.80 to -8.68, z=2.67, P=.01), 3 to less than 6 months (mean difference -17.33, 95% CI -31.82 to -2.84, z=2.34, P=.02), and from 6 months to less than 12 months follow-up (mean difference -14.91, 95% CI -25.56 to -4.26, z=2.74, P=.01). No statistically significant difference was found at a follow-up period of 12 months or greater (mean difference -7.46, 95% CI -25.34 to 10.43, z=0.82, P=.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant reduction in weekly alcohol consumption between intervention and control conditions was demonstrated between 3 months and less than 12 months follow-up indicating eSBI is an effective intervention.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Addictions Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. kim.donoghue@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deluca
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D017216:Telemedicine
keywords: Internet; alcohol drinking; computers; intervention studies; meta-analysis