title: A histopathologic analysis of 50 eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma in a tertiary cancer center in Jordan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the histopathologic features of the eyes with intraocular retinoblastoma primarily treated by enucleation in a tertiary cancer center in Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series of 50 eyes for 49 patients who had pathologically confirmed retinoblastoma after enucleation as primary therapy. The main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, international classification of intraocular retinoblastoma, choroid invasion, optic nerve invasion, anterior chamber invasion, and tumor differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at enucleation was 30 months. Twenty-seven (55%) patients were males, and 19 (39%) patients had bilateral retinoblastoma. High risk pathological features were seen as massive choroid invasion in 9 (18%) eyes, post-laminar optic nerve invasion in 7 (14%) eyes, and anterior chamber, iris or ciliary body invasion in 7 (14%) eyes. Thirty-seven (74%) tumors were well/moderately differentiated, and 13 (26%) were poorly differentiated. Poorly differentiated tumors presented later (median 31 months) than well/ moderately differentiated tumors (26 months) and were associated with a higher incidence of high-risk pathological features. No single ICRB group C eye had high-risk pathological features, while 17% and 4% of group D eyes and 28% and 33% of group E eyes had massive choroid invasion and post-laminar optic nerve invasion, respectively. Eighteen (36%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk pathological features, and at median follow up of 40 months, no single case had metastasis or was dead.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our pathologic findings were similar to the developed world. They were supportive of the predictive power of the international classification of retinoblastoma staging system for the likelihood of high risk pathological features. Poorly differentiated tumors were associated with a higher incidence of high risk pathological features than well/moderately differentiated tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King Hussein Cancer Center, AMMAN, JORDAN.
authors.forename: Yacoub A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Yousef
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hajja
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nawaiseh
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehyar
authors.forename: Iyad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deebajah
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rawashdeh
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khurma
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaradat
authors.forename: Maysa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Hussaini
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers