title: Metabolic degradation of imidacloprid in paddy field soil.
abstract: The metabolic degradation and persistence of imidacloprid in paddy field soil were investigated following two applications of imidacloprid at 20 and 80 g a.i. ha(-1) at an interval of 10 days. The soil samples were collected at various time intervals. The limit of quantification for the analysis of imidacloprid and its metabolites was obtained at the concentration of 0.01 mg kg(-1). The initial deposits of total imidacloprid were found to be 0.44 and 1.61 mg kg(-1) following second applications. These residues could not be detected after 60 and 90 days following second applications of imidacloprid at lower and higher dosages, respectively. In soil, urea metabolite was found to be the maximum, followed by olefine, nitrosimine, 6-chloronicotinic acid, 5-hydroxy and nitroguanidine. The half-life values (t₁/₂) of imidacloprid were worked out to be 12.04 and 11.14 days, respectively, when applied at lower and higher doses, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India, romi.ak9@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Romila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akoijam
authors.forename: Balwinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006207:Half-Life; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C082359:imidacloprid; C035953:6-chloronicotinic acid