title: Detection and prevalence of drug use in arrested drivers using the Dräger Drug Test 5000 and Affiniton DrugWipe oral fluid drug screening devices.
abstract: The use of oral fluid (OF) drug testing devices offers the ability to rapidly obtain a drug screening result at the time of a traffic stop. We describe an evaluation of two such devices, the Dräger Drug Test 5000 and the Affiniton DrugWipe, to detect drug use in a cohort of drivers arrested from an investigation of drug impaired driving (n = 92). Overall, 41% of these drivers were ultimately confirmed positive by mass spectrometry for the presence of one or more drugs. The most frequently detected drugs were cannabinoids (30%), benzodiazepines (11%) and cocaine (10%). Thirty-nine percent of drivers with blood alcohol concentrations >0.08 g/100 mL were found to be drug positive. Field test results obtained from OF samples were compared with collected OF and urine samples subsequently analyzed in the laboratory by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Dräger Drug Test 5000 (DDT5000) and DrugWipe returned overall sensitivities of 51 and 53%, and positive predictive values of 93 and 63%, respectively. The most notable difference in performance was the DDT5000's better sensitivity in detecting marijuana use. Both devices failed to detect benzodiazepine use. Oral fluid proved to be a more effective confirmatory specimen, with more drugs being confirmed in OF than urine.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Willow Grove, PA, USA NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA Barry.Logan@nmslabs.com.
authors.forename: Barry K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda L A
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavior and Health Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Talpins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003415:Crime; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs