title: In vitro detection of DNA damage in human leukocytes induced by combined effect of resin composites and adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To simultaneously evaluate the genotoxicity of dental composites and adhesive systems in vitro using a cytogenetic assay, with respect to the influence of composite shade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotoxicity assessment was carried out in human peripheral blood leukocytes using the comet assay. Three resin composite materials, two microhybrids and one nano-hybrid, in shade A1 and A3.5 were used with manufacturer-recommended four adhesive systems. Cultures were treated for 48 hours with samples after elusion for 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days or 30 days, in two different concentrations (4.16 mg/mL, 8.33 mg/mL). Kruskall-Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For combinations of micro-hybrid composite (A3.5) with two self-etch adhesives (16.1 +/- 5.50 and 16.2 +/- 9.52) after exposure to samples eluted for 1 day, the incidence of primary DNA damage was significantly higher than for the corresponding negative control (14.7 +/- 2.85). Genotoxicity was also higher after treatment with samples eluted for 1 hour (15.3 +/- 4.70) and 1 day (15.3 +/- 9.10), comprised of nano-hybrid composite (A1) with self-etch adhesive in relation to the control (13.1 +/- 1.70). There was no clear trend of increased DNA damage in material combinations with darker shades of composites. Material composition and higher material concentrations showed greater influence on the genotoxicity.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marovic
authors.forename: Antonija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tadin
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mladinic
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juric-Kacunic
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galic
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D000328:Adult; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003116:Color; D020552:Comet Assay; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000633:toxicity; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C489662:AdheSE cement; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C498353:G-Bond; C470230:Gradia; D008689:Methacrylates; D009153:Mutagens; D019279:Resin Cements; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C407402:Unifil Bond; C533204:filtek Z350; C115612:single bond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate