title: The effects of erythropoietin on bacterial translocation and inflammation in rats with obstructive jaundice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstruction of the common bile duct is associated with hepatic paranchymal damage and increased susceptibility to subsequent bacterial infections. Erythropoietin has antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects and it induces antiinflammatory cytokines and suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Erythropoietin on bacterial translocation, inflammation and tissue damage in rats with obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group 1 (Sham); only hepatoduodenal ligament dissection, Group 2 (Erythropoietin); hepatoduodenal ligament dissection and given 500 IU/kg Erythropoietin subcutaneously, Group 3 (Obstructive jaundice); complete hepatoduodenal ligament ligation, Group 4 (Obstructive jaundice + Erythropoietin); complete hepatoduodenal ligament ligation and given 500 IU/kg Erythropoietin subcutaneously. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed by taking blood from the heart for biochemical analyses. Peritoneal swab culture, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and ileum were collected for microbiological and histopathological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythropoietin reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative damage and bacterial translocation, prevent the formation of inflammatory changes in intestine and liver after obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of EPO in rats with OJ reduces bacterial translocation, inflammation and tissue damage.
authors.forename: Akin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapan
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Ayşerur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kele
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Evliyaoglu
authors.forename: Zulfu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arikanoglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D003137:Common Bile Duct Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C554270:EPO protein, human; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine