title: HIV-1 superinfection with a triple-class drug-resistant strain in a patient successfully controlled with antiretroviral treatment.
abstract: We report a case of HIV-1 superinfection (HSI) with a clade B, triple-class resistant virus in a patient successfully controlling viremia with continuous combination antiretroviral therapy started 8 years earlier during primary HIV infection. The course of HIV infection prior to HSI was monitored in both the source partner and recipient (8 and 11 years, respectively) and 4 years following HSI. This case report demonstrates re-infection with HIV-1 despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: aService of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland bDepartments of Microbiology, Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA cLaboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Service of Immunology and Allergy dService of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavassini
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: Pierre-Alexandre
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bart
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015163:Superinfection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents