title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced HIV-1 infected Thai adults.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS), a group of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, has been increasingly reported among HIV-infected patients. Data on the prevalence and risk factors for MS among HIV-1 infected Thai adults are limited. The study collected cross-sectional data from 580 HIV-1 infected adults-46.2% were men and 71% were antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced. The majority (78.8%) of them used non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. Data on lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, CD4 count, HIV RNA, antiretroviral therapy (ART), anthropometry, food intake, and exercise were recorded. MS was defined using American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute criteria. Overall prevalence of MS was 22.2%; 15.9% in ART-naïve group vs. 24.9% in ART-experienced group, p = 0.018. Significant risk factors for MS in multivariate analyses included age ≥35 years (odds ratio, OR, 4.2, 95%CI 1.6-11.0, p = 0.004), high cholesterol (OR 4.7, 95%CI 1.7-12.9, p = 0.002), and living outside Bangkok (OR 4.2, 95%CI 1.6-10.8, p = 0.003) in the ART-naïve group, and female gender (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.8, p = 0.05), lipodystrophy (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.0-3.0, p = 0.032), high cholesterol (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.1, p = 0.015), and food insecurity (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.0-3.3, p = 0.05) in the ART-experienced group. All variables, except for female gender in the ART-experienced group, remained significantly associated with MS in a model where lipodystrophy was excluded. We concluded that MS was common among HIV-1-infected Thai adults. As HIV-infected patients get older, early screening and intervention, such as ART modification to avoid lipodystrophy, may reduce MS and CVD-related morbidities and mortalities in long-term care.
authors.affiliation: 1 Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok, Thailand .
authors.forename: Jureeporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jantarapakde
authors.forename: Nittaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Phanuphak
authors.forename: Chintana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaturawit
authors.forename: Supabhorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pengnonyang
authors.forename: Pornpen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathajittiphan
authors.forename: Piyaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Takamtha
authors.forename: Narunat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dungjun
authors.forename: Suteeraporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinyakorn
authors.forename: Warabhorn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pima
authors.forename: Wisit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Prasithsirikul
authors.forename: Praphan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phanuphak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents