title: Prediction of glaucomatous visual field progression: pointwise analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether pointwise regression analysis of serial measures of retinal sensitivity can predict future visual field (VF) loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 158 patients with glaucomatous eyes with at least 6 years follow-up and 10 reliable VF exams were retrospectively analyzed. The entire follow-up period was divided into two, roughly corresponding to the first (early period) and second (late period) half of follow-up. Retinal sensitivity data obtained from the Swedish interactive threshold algorithm standard or full-threshold VF tests were analyzed, and linear and first-order exponential regression analyses of retinal sensitivity against time were performed to obtain the slope of regression analysis in each VF test location. Paired t tests were used to compare the slopes of the early and late period in each regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When assessed by linear regression analysis, inferior nasal location showed highest rate of change (-0.52 dB/year) in early period. Late period showed generally faster rate of progression compared to early period. Superior arcuate and superior and inferior nasal locations showed that early and late slopes did not show significant difference (p value, 0.19 ∼ 0.49). Central and edged locations showed significant difference between the two slopes (p value  < 0.05). First-order exponential regression analysis showed similar result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior arcuate and superior and inferior nasal areas in VF had a consistent rate of change of retinal sensitivity, indicating that these locations may have the higher capability for prediction of future deterioration. These results suggest that location should be considered when predicting glaucomatous VF progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea and.
authors.forename: Kilhwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shon
authors.forename: Gadi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollstein
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: Kyung Rim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012607:Scotoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disease progression; GPA; glaucoma; prediction; visual field tests