title: Systemic treatments for brain metastases from breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and renal cell carcinoma: an overview of the literature.
abstract: The frequency of metastatic brain tumors has increased over recent years; the primary tumors most involved are breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. While radiation therapy and surgery remain the mainstay treatment in selected patients, new molecular drugs have been developed for brain metastases. Studies so far report interesting results. This review focuses on systemic cytotoxic drugs and, in particular, on new targeted therapies and their clinically relevant activities in brain metastases from solid tumors in adults.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology 1 Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.lombardi@ioveneto.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris 75013, France; National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, University of Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology 1 Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology 1 Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zagonel
authors.affiliation: APHM, Timone Hospital, Neuro-Oncology, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, CRO2, UMR911, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tabouret
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Brain metastases; Breast cancer; Lung cancer; Melanoma; Renal cell carcinoma