title: Short term exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
abstract: The potential impact of Multiwalled Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNTs) was investigated on Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10mg/L. Oxidative stress was measured in entire larvae exposed and DNA damage (Comet assay) was carried out in erythrocytes of circulating blood from 2h to 24h according to standardized recommendations. Results showed significant H2O2 production when larvae were exposed to 1mg/L and 10mg/L of MWCNTs after 4h and 2h of exposure, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed significant induction of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from only 2h of exposure to 10mg/L of MWCNTs. In presence of 1mg/L of MWCNTs, only GR and CAT activities were significantly induced at 4h. Enzyme activities do not follow a simple dose-effect relation, but the time of induction is shortened in relation with the tested concentration. The Comet assay results showed significant DNA damages with a dose dependent response. The profiles of DNA damages show fluctuations, in course of time, which are characteristics of oxidative stress response in relation with the continuous balance between damage and compensation process.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Rayenne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saria
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: florence.mouchet@ensat.fr.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouchet
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perrault
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d׳Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l׳Agrobiopole, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flahaut
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laplanche
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France; Toxicology & Environment Department, 420 rue d׳Estienne d׳Orves, F-92705 Colombes Cedex, Arkema, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Boutonnet
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinelli
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Laury
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gauthier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
keywords: Amphibian; Catalase; Comet assay; Glutathione reductase; Nanoparticles; Superoxide dismutase