title: Design and straightforward synthesis of novel galloyl phytosterols with excellent antioxidant activity.
abstract: Novel galloyl phytosterols were rationally designed by incorporation of gallic acid into phytosterols through straightforward esterification. The esterification was successfully achieved by coupling of gallic acid and phytosterols through a mild chemical Steglich esterification reaction that is more straightforward than the enzymatic method. The identity of the newly synthesized galloyl phytosterols was confirmed by NMR, HPLC-MS and IR spectroscopies. Further evaluation of the novel galloyl phytosterols with radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, and Rancimat methods revealed its excellent antioxidant activities that are comparable to the most potent fat-soluble antioxidants. This novel antioxidant offers an intriguing solution for naturally derived antioxidants and will have great potential application as antioxidant in food industry. The methods developed in this study will be valuable for development of other phenolic phytosterols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yuanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center of Technology, Tianyou Dairy Industrial Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: duoli@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: songbailiu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Songbai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010840:Phytosterols; D005707:Gallic Acid
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Gallic acid; Galloyl phytosterol; Phenolic phytosterol; Phytosterol; Steglich esterification