title: Regeneration of Solanum nigrum by somatic embryogenesis, involving frog egg-like body, a novel structure.
abstract: A new protocol was established for the regeneration of Solanum nigrum by frog egg-like bodies (FELBs), which are novel somatic embryogenesis (SE) structures induced from the root, stem, and leaf explants. The root, stem, and leaf explants (93.33%, 85.10%, and 100.00%, respectively) were induced to form special embryonic calli on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, under dark condition. Further, special embryonic calli from the root, stem, and leaf explants (86.97%, 83.30%, and 99.47%, respectively) were developed into FELBs. Plantlets of FELBs from the three explants were induced in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 100.00% plantlet induction rates were noted. However, plantlet induction in vivo on MS medium supplemented with 20 mg/L thidiazuron showed rates of 38.63%, 15.63%, and 61.30% for the root, stem, and leaf explants, respectively, which were lower than those of the in vitro culture. Morphological and histological analyses of FELBs at different development stages revealed that they are a novel type of SE structure that developed from the mesophyll (leaf) or cortex (stem and root) cells of S. nigrum.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kedong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feige
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fuli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuzhao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hengchang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangxuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D032324:Solanum nigrum / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators