title: Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995-2010: an update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous study showed Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) rates to be higher among Latinos in Texas and highest among South Texas Latinos compared to other non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and other Latinos in the United States (U.S.). We used more recent data to assess trends in HCC among Texas Latinos and to reassess the elevated HCC incidence rate in Texas Latinos.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the U.S. SEER Program and the Texas Cancer Registry to calculate annual and 3-year moving average age-specific and age-adjusted HCC incidence rates, annual percent changes (APCs), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for Latinos and NHW in the U.S., Texas and South Texas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Texas Latino male and female incidence rates were 3.1 and 4.0 times higher than their NHW counterparts in SEER regions. Latino males and females in South Texas had the highest rates of HCC incidence overall; rate ratios were 3.6 and 4.2 among South Texas Latino males and females compared to SEER NHW counterparts. There are statistically significant increases in HCC incidence rates in all groups (Texas and South Texas Latinos and NHW groups) and across all age groups. The elevated HCC rates in Texas Latinos are consistent over the 1995-2010 period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of HCC among Latinos in South Texas remains higher than elsewhere in the U.S. and warrants closer investigation of potential risk factors related to prevailing conditions unique to the population including higher obesity and diabetes rates, environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors and possibly genetic predisposition.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion Research and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amelie G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion Research and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alan E C
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rebecca T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Adeigbe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lucina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suarez
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D018426:SEER Program; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology