title: Mass spectrometric analysis of protein tyrosine nitration in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: This review highlights the significance of protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) in signal transduction pathways, the progress achieved in analytical methods, and the implication of nitration in the cellular pathophysiology of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Although mass spectrometry of nitrated peptides has become a powerful tool for the characterization of nitrated peptides, the low stoichiometry of this modification clearly necessitates the use of affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides. Analysis of nitropeptides involves identification of endogenous, intact modification as well as chemical conversion of the nitro group to a chemically reactive amine group and further modifications that enable affinity capture and enhance detectability by altering molecular properties. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in chemical derivatization of nitropeptides for enrichment and mass analysis, and for detection and quantification using various analytical tools. PTN participates in physiological processes, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine has been found to occur during the aging process; this was identified through mass spectrometry. Further, there are several studies implicating the presence of nitrated tyrosine in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woon-Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mohammad Humayun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Jeong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahsan-Ul-Bari
authors.forename: Kwang Pyo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: 3-nitrotyrosine; aging; neurodegeneration; protein tyrosine nitration; reactive nitrogen species