title: Sepsis severity score: an internationally derived scoring system from the surviving sepsis campaign database*.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As the Surviving Sepsis Campaign was assessing patient-level data over multiple countries, we sought to evaluate the use of a pragmatic and parsimonious severity-of-illness scoring system for patients with sepsis in an attempt to provide appropriate comparisons with practical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 23,438 patients with suspected or confirmed sepsis from 218 hospitals in 18 countries were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis was conducted on prospective data submitted to a database from January 2005 through March 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum likelihood logistic regression was used to estimate model coefficients, and these were then used to develop a Sepsis Severity Score. The probability of hospital mortality was estimated using the Sepsis Severity Score as the sole variable in a logistic regression model. Univariable logistic regression determined which variables were included in the multivariable predictor model. The scale of continuous variables was assessed using fractional polynomials. Two-way interactions between variables were considered for model inclusion if the interaction p value is less than 0.05. The prediction model was developed based on randomly selecting 90% of available patients and was validated on the remaining 10%, as well as by using a bootstrapping technique. The p values for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodnessof-fit statistic in the developmental and validation datasets were considerably greater than 0.05, suggesting good calibration. Development and validation areas under the receiver operator curve curves were 0.736 and 0.748, respectively. Observed and estimated probabilities of hospital mortality for the total population were both 0.334. The validation and the developmental datasets were gradually compared over deciles of predicted mortality and found to be very similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Sepsis Severity Score accurately estimated the probability of hospital mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. It performed well with respect to calibration and discrimination, which remained consistent over deciles. It functioned well over international geographic regions. This robust, population-specific evaluation of international severe sepsis patients provides an effective and accurate mortality estimate allowing for appropriate quality comparisons with practical clinical and research application.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Surgery, Barnes Jewish Hospital/Washington University, St. Louis, MO. 2The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics, Columbus, OH. 3The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH. 4Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. 5Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. 6Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Tiffany M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemeshow
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Christa A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schorr
authors.forename: Mitchell M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: R Phillip
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dellinger
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis