title: Effects of liposomes with polyisoprenoids, potential drug carriers, on the cardiovascular and excretory system in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The unpredictable side effects of a majority currently used drugs are the substantial issue, in which patients and physicians are forced to deal with. Augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of drugs may prove more fruitful than searching for the new ones. Since recent studies show that new cationic derivatives of polyisoprenoid alcohols (APrens) might exhibit augmenting properties, we intend to use them as a component of liposomal drug carriers. In this study we investigate if these compounds do not per se cause untoward effects on the living organism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats received for four weeks daily injections (0.5 ml sc) of liposomes built of dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), liposomes built of DOPE and APren-7 (ratio 10:1) or water solvent. Weekly, rats were observed in metabolic cages (24h); blood and urine were sampled for analysis; body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were determined. After chronic experiment, kidneys and heart were harvested for histological and morphometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4-week BW increments were in the range of 97 ± 4 to 102 ± 4%, intergroup differences were not significant. Microalbuminuria was the lowest in the group receiving liposomes with APren-7 (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/day). Water and food intake, plasma and urine parameters were similar in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newly designed liposomes containing APren-7 did not affect functions of the excretory and cardiovascular systems, and renal morphology; therefore we find them suitable as a component of liposomal drug carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gawrys
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Malwina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roszkowska-Chojecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gawarecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chojnacki
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swiezewska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masnyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chmielewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rafałowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: ellakomp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kompanowska-Jezierska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C410262:1,2-dioleoyl-glycero-3-phosphatidyl ethanolamine; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D013729:Terpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Drug delivery; Liposomes; Polyisoprenoid alcohols; Renal morphology; Renal toxicity