title: Antimicrobial megaprostheses supported with iodine.
abstract: Deep infection associated with implants remains a serious complication of orthopedic surgery. We developed iodine coating for titanium implants. In this study, we performed a clinical trial of iodine-coated megaprostheses to evaluate its safety and antibacterial effects. Forty-seven patients with malignant bone tumor or pyogenic arthritis were treated using iodine-supported titanium megaprostheses between July 2008 and May 2013. The mean age was 53.6 years (range, 15-85 years). Twenty-six patients were males and 21 were females. The diagnoses included malignant bone tumor in 29 cases, infected total knee arthroplasty in 11 cases, chronic osteomyelitis due to pyogenic arthritis in six cases and loosening of total knee arthroplasty in one case. The iodine-supported implants used were 42 Kyocera Limb Salvage System and five KOBELCO K-MAX K-3. These megaprostheses were used to prevent infection in 21 patients, treat active infections in 26 patients. The mean follow-up period was 30.1 months (range, 8-50). Infection was prevented in 20 out of 21 patients. Only one patient had surgical site infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was cured by intravenous administration of antibiotics alone without removal of the implant. In 26 treatment cases involving one- or two-stage revision surgery, infection subsided without any additional surgery. In all cases, there were no signs of infection at the time of the last follow-up. White blood cell and C-reactive protein levels returned to normal within four weeks after surgery. To confirm systemic effects of iodine, thyroid hormone levels in the blood were examined. Abnormalities of thyroid gland function were not detected. Loosening of the implants was not observed. Excellent bone ingrowth and ongrowth were found around iodine-supported megaprostheses. The iodine-supported titanium megaprostheses are highly effective and show promise for the prevention and treatment of infections in large bone defects. No cytotoxicity or adverse effects were detected with this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan tsuchi@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Junsuke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakase
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000601:surgery; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007455:Iodine; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Iodine; antimicrobial; implant; infection; megaprosthesis