title: High-definition vs. standard-definition endoscopy with indigo carmine for the in vivo diagnosis of colonic polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing evidence that indigo carmine chromoendoscopy is effective for the in vivo diagnosis of colonic polyps. However, the impact of colonoscope resolution on diagnostic accuracy has not been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare the effectiveness of in vivo diagnosis of small colonic polyps using indigo carmine dye spray with standard-definition and high-definition colonoscopes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedures were performed using Fujinon colonoscopes and EPX 4400 processor. Fujinon standard-definition (SD) and high-definition (HD) colonoscopes were used, with the endoscopist blinded to colonoscope definition. Polyps <10 mm were assessed using 0.2% indigo carmine dye spray, with the predicted diagnosis recorded. In each case the kind of colonoscope (SD or HD) was recorded. Polyps were removed and sent for histological analysis, with the pathologist blinded to the diagnosis made by the endoscopist. The predicted diagnosis was compared with the true histology to calculate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of in vivo assessment using either SD or HD scopes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 237 polyps <10 mm in size were examined. There was no statistically significant difference for any of the measured parameters between SD and HD assessments, with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 89%, 91% and 87% with SD colonoscopes and 92%, 96% and 84% with HD colonoscopes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of in vivo assessment of small colonic polyps with indigo carmine dye spray is excellent with standard-definition colonoscopes and is not improved with high-definition colonoscopes.
authors.affiliation: Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK ; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Gaius
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Longcroft-Wheaton
authors.affiliation: University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cowlishaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics (Biostatistics) Research Area, Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK ; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhandari
keywords: Colonic polyp; indigo carmine; in vivo diagnosis