title: SOX2+ cell population from normal human brain white matter is able to generate mature oligodendrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of neurodegenerative diseases progress with a loss of myelin, which makes them candidate diseases for the development of cell-replacement therapies based on mobilisation or isolation of the endogenous neural/glial progenitor cells, in vitro expansion, and further implantation. Cells expressing A2B5 or PDGFRA/CNP have been isolated within the pool of glial progenitor cells in the subcortical white matter of the normal adult human brain, all of which demonstrate glial progenitor features. However, the heterogeneity and differentiation potential of this pool of cells is not yet well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used diffusion tensor images, histopathology, and immunostaining analysis to demonstrate normal cytoarchitecture and the absence of abnormalities in human temporal lobe samples from patients with mesial temporal sclerosis. These samples were used to isolate and enrich glial progenitor cells in vitro, and later to detect such cells in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have identified a subpopulation of SOX2+ cells, most of them co-localising with OLIG2, in the white matter of the normal adult human brain in vivo. These cells can be isolated and enriched in vitro, where they proliferate and generate immature (O4+) and mature (MBP+) oligodendrocytes and, to a lesser extent, astrocytes (GFAP+).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the existence of a new glial progenitor cell subpopulation that expresses SOX2 in the white matter of the normal adult human brain. These cells might be of use for tissue regeneration procedures.
authors.affiliation: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliver-De La Cruz
authors.affiliation: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrión-Navarro
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Laboratory, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados IMDEA nanoscience, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Romero
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario la Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Martín
authors.affiliation: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Division of Biopharmaceuticals and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lázaro-Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopharmaceuticals and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escobedo-Lucea
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perona
authors.affiliation: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados IMDEA nanoscience, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristobal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belda-Iniesta
authors.affiliation: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) and Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Hospital de Madrid Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Division of Biopharmaceuticals and Pharmacokinetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados IMDEA nanoscience, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayuso-Sacido
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D066127:White Matter / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C499048:MBP protein, human; C405708:OLIG2 protein, human; C527782:SOX2 protein, human