title: A genome-wide association study of serum levels of prostate-specific antigen in the Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful marker for prostate cancer (PCa) and is widely used for screening of PCa. Previous studies have shown that genetic components influence the levels of PSA, and some of these genetic components would lead to better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to PCa. However, genetic studies for PSA from Asian countries are limited. Our aim was to identify genetic components influencing PSA levels in the Japanese population using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and to analyse whether genetic components would lead to better screening abilities of PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a GWAS comprising 1086 male subjects using 303 283 single nucleotide proteins, followed by a replication study of 1302 subjects. PSA levels were quantified by chemiluminescence immunoassay method. Quantitative linear regression analysis was performed to assess genetic components of PSA levels. A total of 413 subjects with prostate biopsies were analysed to examine whether genetic determinants would improve diagnostic ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rs16856139 in SLC45A3, the same region as the previous Chinese study, showed an overall significant association with PSA levels (p=2.4×10(-11)) along with rs1058205 in KLK3. In silico analysis revealed significant association between rs16856139 and expression of SLC45A3. Genetic scores of PSA showed a dose-dependent decrease of area under curve (AUC) of PCa and successfully subgrouped the individuals with significantly different AUC (p≤0.0097).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rs16856139, associated with the expression of SLC45A3, is significantly associated with the levels of PSA in the Japanese population. Classification of subjects based on PSA genetic determinants would improve screening ability of PSA to detect PCa.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikashi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Meiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotoura
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Cancer: prostate; Epidemiology; Genome-wide; Screening