title: Combined subchronic toxicity of dichlorvos with malathion or pirimicarb in mice liver and serum: a metabonomic study.
abstract: Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides are widely used in agriculture. These pesticides are highly toxic to humans and their residues in food pose potential threat to human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of subchronic low-level exposure of OPs (dichlorvos, DDVP; malathion, MAL), CM pirimicarb (PI), or their mixtures (DDVP+MAL, DDVP+PI) on mice liver. Metabonomic analysis based on (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was carried out in combination with biochemical assays. Serum metabonomic analysis showed that levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, lactate, acetone, very low- and low-density lipoprotein and 3-hydroxybutyrate changed after exposure to the pesticides. In the liver extracts, lactate, glucose, choline, glutathione, alanine, glutamine and isoleucine levels changed after the treatment by pesticides. Our results indicated that exposure to low dose DDVP, MAL and PI, either alone or in combination lead to alteration of liver glucose, fat and protein metabolism, energy metabolism and oxidative balance. This study also showed that metabonomics is of potential use in food toxicity study.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, PR China. Electronic address: wuyj@ioz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008294:Malathion / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010575:Pesticides; D011743:Pyrimidines; C011994:pirimicarb; D004006:Dichlorvos; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D008294:Malathion
keywords: Carbamate; Joint toxicity; Metabonomics; Mixture; Organophosphorus pesticide