title: Evaluation of patient preference and willingness to pay for attributes of maintenance medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD is characterized by poor treatment adherence, and patient medication preferences may contribute to adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A discrete choice experiment with an internet panel drawn from the USA was used to evaluate preference and willingness to pay (WTP) of COPD patients for long-acting maintenance medications. Key attributes derived from earlier qualitative research (brief literature review and focus groups) with COPD patients on maintenance therapy included symptom relief, speed of feeling medication start to work, inhaler ease of use, rescue medication use, side effects, and monthly out-of-pocket co-pay. Patients were presented with hypothetical medications with different profiles and asked which they preferred. Utilities and marginal WTP in monthly co-pay dollars were estimated for all patients and by severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Utilities for 515 participants were in the expected direction and highest for the most favorable attribute levels. Each attribute evaluated was important, and participants were willing to pay a premium to obtain each benefit. On average, WTP was as high as $US64 for complete symptom relief, $US59 for no side effects, $US32 to rarely use rescue medication, $US16 for a quick and easy to use inhaler, and $US13 for feeling medication work quickly (within 5 min; average WTP $US18/month for patients with severe/very severe COPD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As expected, efficacy and safety were most valued by patients; however, this study showed that other COPD medication attributes, such as rescue medication, ease of use, and feeling medication work quickly, are also important in patient preferences.
authors.affiliation: Evidera, 7101 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 600, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA, ariane.kawata@evidera.com.
authors.forename: Ariane K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Gale
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Sulabha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D057240:Patient Preference; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents