title: Phenotype standardization for statin-induced myotoxicity.
abstract: Statins are widely used lipid-lowering drugs that are effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Although they are generally well tolerated, they can cause muscle toxicity, which can lead to severe rhabdomyolysis. Research in this area has been hampered to some extent by the lack of standardized nomenclature and phenotypic definitions. We have used numerical and descriptive classifications and developed an algorithm to define statin-related myotoxicity phenotypes, including myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, TheWolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alfirevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neely
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.affiliation: Centre for Musculoskeletal Research/NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chinoy
authors.affiliation: MRC/ARUK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Zora Biosciences Ltd, Tieotie 2, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laaksonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, TheWolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, TheWolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, TheWolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahy
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, TheWolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: The Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Q-Y
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wadelius
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maitland-van Der Zee
authors.affiliation: Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voora
authors.affiliation: 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: C N A
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, TheWolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirmohamed
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification; D063806:Myalgia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification; D009220:Myositis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification; D010641:Phenotype; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification; D012307:Risk Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors