title: The protective activity of noscapine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Wistar rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bradykinin is a part of the kinin-kallikrein system which is involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury via B1 and B2 receptors. Noscapine is a non-competitive antagonist of bradykinin receptors. Noscapine has been reported to to be able to protect some organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury but its effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIR) in rats is unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of noscapine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty four rats were randomly assigned to four groups; sham, RIR control, pre-and post-treatment with noscapine. To induce RIR injury, 20 days after right nephrectomy, animals underwent a midline laparotomy and the renal artery was clamped for 40 min to induce ischemia, and the clamp was then removed to allow reperfusion for 48 hr. Animals received noscapine or vehicle 1 hr before RIR or just prior to reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, animals were killed by cardiac exsanguination. Blood samples were collected to assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The kidneys were also removed for histopathlogical and western-blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Noscapine treatment 1 hr before RIR or just prior to reperfusion protects the renal tissue structure as compared with the control. The expression levels of the studied inflammatory mediators, TNF-α and MCP-1in pretreated-, and treated-noscapine groups decreased as compared with the control group. The levels of BUN and creatinine in pre-, and post-treated noscapine groups were significantly lower than in control animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noscapine protects renal tissue structure and function against RIR through down-regulation of the inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center and Phyiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrangiz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanmoradi
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali Mard
authors.affiliation: Physiology Research Center and Phyiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aboutaleb
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Malihe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nobakht
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudian
keywords: Creatinine; Noscapine; Rat; Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury