title: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α shows predictive value as a risk marker for subjects and sites vulnerable to bone loss in a longitudinal model of aggressive periodontitis.
abstract: Improved diagnostics remains a fundamental goal of biomedical research. This study was designed to assess cytokine biomarkers that could predict bone loss (BL) in localized aggressive periodontitis. 2,058 adolescents were screened. Two groups of 50 periodontally healthy adolescents were enrolled in the longitudinal study. One group had Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), the putative pathogen, while the matched cohort did not. Cytokine levels were assessed in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Participants were sampled, examined, and radiographed every 6 months for 2-3 years. Disease was defined as radiographic evidence of BL. Saliva and GCF was collected at each visit, frozen, and then tested retrospectively after detection of BL. Sixteen subjects with Aa developed BL. Saliva from Aa-positive and Aa-negative healthy subjects was compared to subjects who developed BL. GCF was collected from 16 subjects with BL and from another 38 subjects who remained healthy. GCF from BL sites in the 16 subjects was compared to healthy sites in these same subjects and to healthy sites in subjects who remained healthy. Results showed that cytokines in saliva associated with acute inflammation were elevated in subjects who developed BL (i.e., MIP-1α MIP-1β IL-α, IL-1β and IL-8; p<0.01). MIP-1α was elevated 13-fold, 6 months prior to BL. When MIP-1α levels were set at 40 pg/ml, 98% of healthy sites were below that level (Specificity); whereas, 93% of sites with BL were higher (Sensitivity), with comparable Predictive Values of 98%; p<0.0001; 95% C.I. = 42.5-52.7). MIP-1α consistently showed elevated levels as a biomarker for BL in both saliva and GCF, 6 months prior to BL. MIP-1α continues to demonstrate its strong candidacy as a diagnostic biomarker for both subject and site vulnerability to BL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fairlie
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tischio-Bereski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrandiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dipti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Godboley
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Furgang
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunsolley
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Al
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Best
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D016207:Cytokines