title: Prediagnostic intake of dairy products and dietary calcium and colorectal cancer survival--results from the EPIC cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated whether prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium is associated with colorectal cancer survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 3,859 subjects with colorectal cancer (42.1% male; mean age at diagnosis, 64.2 ± 8.1 years) in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were analyzed. Intake of dairy products and dietary calcium was assessed at baseline (1992-2000) using validated, country-specific dietary questionnaires. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate HR and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer-specific death (n = 1,028) and all-cause death (n = 1,525) for different quartiles of intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consumption of total dairy products was not statistically significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer-specific death (adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.43) nor that of all-cause death (Q4 vs. Q1, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.98-1.36). Multivariable-adjusted HRs for colorectal cancer-specific death (Q4 vs. Q1) were 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99-1.48) for milk, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.88-1.34) for yoghurt, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76-1.14) for cheese. The intake of dietary calcium was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer-specific death (adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81-1.26) nor that of all-cause death (Q4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium is not associated with disease-specific or all-cause risk of death in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of diet on cancer survival is largely unknown. This study shows that despite its inverse association with colorectal cancer risk, the prediagnostic intake of dairy and dietary calcium does not affect colorectal cancer survival.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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mesh_terms: D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary