title: Evaluation of the adverse effect of low concentration of cadmium on interleukin-4 induced class switch recombination in Burkett's lymphoma Raji cell line.
abstract: Affinity maturation of B lymphocytes, a process that includes somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination, initiates global DNA rearrangements. The interruption of this process has an adverse effect on human health and results in immunodeficiency and autoimmune disease. Class switch recombination is a fundamental factor of the human adaptive immunity. Evaluation of the class switch recombination efficiency is an important component of laboratory diagnostic of immunotoxic components. Here, we describe a method for testing the efficiency of the class switch recombination. Cultivation of Raji Burkett's lymphoma cell line with anti-CD40 antibodies and recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4) triggers a cascade of signal transduction network events that lead to switching the immunoglobulin isotopes from IgM to IgE. This chapter describes the methodology of class switch recombination assay for assessment of the effect of the environmental pollutants in toxicological laboratory diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA, vancuroi@stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poltoratsky
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D002104:Cadmium; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E