title: Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of the Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cupressus sempervirens is a medicinal plant traditional, its dried leaves are used in treatment of stomach pain, diabetes, inflammation, toothache, laryngitis and as contraceptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm and determination chemical contents of the essential oil (Eo) and methanol extract from Mediterranean C. sempervirens L. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled Eo of C. sempervirens was analyzed by a GC and GC/MS system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 constituents representing 98.1% of the oil were identified: α-pinene (48.6%), δ-3-carene (22.1%), limonene (4.6%) and α-terpinolene (4.5%) were the main components comprising 79.8% of the oil. The antimicrobial test results showed that the methanol extract of C. sempervirens strongly inhibited the growth of the test bacteria studied, except for yeast species while the Eo had moderate antibacterial, but no anti-candida activity. Klebsiella pneumoniae was proven to be the most susceptible against methanol extract. The exposure time of Eo and methanol extract for complete inhibition of cell viability of K. pneumoniae was found to be 250 μg at 30 min and 500 μg at 120 min, respectively. The antibiofilm potential of the samples was evaluated using methods of PVC microtiter and eradication on biomaterial. Visual results showed visible biofilm eradication from the surface of intravenous infusion tube at 500 μg of Eo and methanol extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented here may suggest that the Eo and extracts of C. sempervirens possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, and therefore, can be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, P,O, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. sadomm2003@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Samy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.forename: Mohammed E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Sherif M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Abdulrhman R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Albalawi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D029781:Cupressus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000432:Methanol; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; C030218:3-carene; C005451:alpha-pinene; D000432:Methanol