title: CD98 as a novel prognostic indicator for patients with stage III/IV hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and CD98 are strongly expressed in primary human cancer and play essential roles in tumor growth. We studied the clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and CD98 expression in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 70 patients with stage III/IV disease were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections was used to examine LAT1, CD98, Ki-67, CD34, and p53.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High LAT1 and CD98 expression were noted in 60.0% and 47.1%, respectively (p = .174). A statistically significant correlation was recognized between LAT1 and CD98 expression and both expressions were closely associated with tumor cell proliferation. Although LAT1 expression was not significantly associated with poor survival, multivariate analysis revealed high CD98 expression to be an independent prognostic factor for predicting a poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD98 is a promising prognostic marker for predicting outcomes after surgical treatment in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Miroru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.|Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaira
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shino
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Imaging, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oriuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.|Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nikkuni
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shushi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagamori
authors.affiliation: Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsunari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine and Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chikamatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D027261:Fusion Regulatory Protein-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D027283:Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D027261:Fusion Regulatory Protein-1; D027283:Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1
keywords: CD98; L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1); hypopharynx; immunohistochemistry; prognostic factor