title: Molecular surveillance of Dengue in Sukabumi, West Java province, Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dengue is endemic and affects people in all Indonesian provinces. Increasing dengue cases have been observed every year in Sukabumi in West Java province. Despite the endemicity, limited data is available on the genetic of dengue viruses (DENV) circulating in the country. To understand the dynamics of dengue disease, we performed molecular and serological surveillance of dengue in Sukabumi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 113 patients were recruited for this study. Serological data were obtained using anti-dengue IgM and IgG tests plus dengue NS1 antigen detection. Dengue detection and serotyping were performed using real-time RT-PCR. Viruses were isolated and the envelope genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses were performed to determine the genotype of the viruses and their evolutionary rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time RT-PCR detected DENV in 25 (22%) of 113 samples. Serotyping revealed the predominance of DENV-2 (16 isolates, 64%), followed by DENV-1 (5 isolates, 20%), and DENV-4 (4 isolates, 16%). No DENV-3 was detected in the samples. Co-circulation of genotype I and IV of DENV-1 was observed. The DENV-2 isolates all belonged to the Cosmopolitan genotype, while DENV-4 isolates were grouped into genotype II. Overall, their evolutionary rates were similar to DENV from other countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We revealed the distribution of DENV serotypes and genotypes in Sukabumi. Compared to data obtained from other cities in Indonesia, we observed the differing predominance of DENV serotypes but similar genotype distribution, where the infecting viruses were closely related with Indonesian endemic viruses isolated previously.
authors.affiliation: Vector Borne Disease Control, Research and Development Council, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia. roynres@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nusa
authors.forename: Heni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prasetyowati
authors.forename: Febrina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meutiawati
authors.forename: Benediktus
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yohan
authors.forename: Hidayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trimarsanto
authors.forename: Tri Yuli
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Setianingsih
authors.forename: R Tedjo
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Sasmono
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003906:Developing Countries; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012703:Serotyping; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral