title: Effect of continuous positive airway pressure and upper airway surgery on exhaled breath condensate and serum biomarkers in patients with sleep apnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on inflammation biomarkers in serum and in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have shown conflicting results. The objective of this study is to assess EBC and serum biomarkers in OSA patients at baseline and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or upper airway surgery (UAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine OSA patients referred for UAS were matched for anthropometric characteristics and apnea-hypopnea index with 20 patients receiving CPAP. pH, nitrite (NO2(-)), nitrate and interleukin 6 in EBC and NO2(-), nitrate, leukotriene B4 and interleukin 6 in serum were determined. EBC and serum samples were collected at baseline and 3 months after CPAP or UAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' mean body mass index was 30 (range 24.9-40) kg/m(2). EBC biomarker levels at baseline were within normal range and did not differ significantly after CPAP or UAS. No significant changes were observed in the serum concentration of the biomarkers determined after CPAP but the serum concentration of NO2(-) increased significantly at 3 months after UAS (P=.0078).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In mildly obese OSA patients, EBC biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress were normal at baseline and remained unchanged 3 months after UAS or CPAP. Although UAS was not effective in terms of reducing OSA severity, it was associated with an increase in serum NO2(-).
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Unidad del Sueño, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España. Electronic address: plloberes@vhebron.net.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lloberes
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vidaurre
authors.affiliation: Unidad del Sueño, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Àlex
authors.initials: À
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Servei de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lorente
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Unidad del Sueño, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sampol
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morell
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Calos III, Madrid, España; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia e Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001944:Breath Tests; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Apnea del sueño; Biomarcadores exhalados; Condensado de respiración exhalada; Continuous positive airway pressure; Exhaled biomarkers; Exhaled breath condensate; Inflamación; Inflammation; Presión positiva continua de vías aéreas; Sleep apnea