title: Imaging and nanomedicine in inflammatory atherosclerosis.
abstract: Bioengineering provides unique opportunities to better understand and manage atherosclerotic disease. The field is entering a new era that merges the latest biological insights into inflammatory disease processes with targeted imaging and nanomedicine. Preclinical cardiovascular molecular imaging allows the in vivo study of targeted nanotherapeutics specifically directed toward immune system components that drive atherosclerotic plaque development and complication. The first multicenter trials highlight the potential contribution of multimodality imaging to more efficient drug development. This review describes how the integration of engineering, nanotechnology, and cardiovascular immunology may yield precision diagnostics and efficient therapeutics for atherosclerosis and its ischemic complications.
authors.affiliation: Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands. willem.mulder@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Willem J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Farouc A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jaffer
authors.affiliation: Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Zahi A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.affiliation: Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nahrendorf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical