title: Household passive smoking and acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Kanti Children's Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Worldwide, children are more heavily exposed to passive smoking than any other age group where majority of these occur in child's house.Children's passive smoking and risk of developing respiratory diseases has been well established in several studies. However, such studies are limited in Nepal. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine association between household passive smoking and acute respiratory infection among under- five children attending Kanti Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, cross-sectional study using quantitative method was carried out in Kanti Children's Hospital. Data was collected by face-to-face interview from 198 parents.Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to see association between household passive smoking and acute respiratory infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 198 children, 79(39.9%)were passive smokers. Among the total passive smokers, 31(39.2%) were exposed to paternal smoking, 18(22.8%) to parental smoking, 18(22.8%) to other member's smoking and 12(15.2%) to maternal smoking. Among 36 daily passive smokers, 18(50.0%) were exposed to high amount and 18(50.0%) to low amount of passive smoking. Household passive smoking had a slight risk of developing acute respiratory infection where adjusted odds ratio was 1.35;however it was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children exposed to passive smoking had a slight risk of developing acute respiratory infection than non-passive smokers however, it was not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Nakkhu, Lalitpur, Nepal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Basel
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wagle
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amatya
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution