title: Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic diseases--part 1: phakomatoses, hematologic malignancies, metastases, and histiocytosis.
abstract: The orbit can be secondarily involved in various systemic conditions. The ophthalmic involvement is often the first clue to the presence of an underlying systemic condition. The ophthalmic involvement in systemic diseases can be either ocular or extraocular. The extent of involvement can be well delineated by imaging modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the first part of the article, we provide an overview of systemic diseases affecting the orbit, briefly discuss the modalities for orbital imaging, and discuss the imaging appearances of ophthalmic involvement in (1) phakomatoses, (2) hematologic malignancies, (3) metastases, and (4) histiocytosis. At the end of the 2-part article, we discuss a pattern-based approach and differential diagnosis of orbital lesions in systemic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: drssharma@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ananya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Arundeep
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Shefali K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015614:Histiocytosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020752:Neurocutaneous Syndromes / Q000473:pathology*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed