title: Biodegradation of cyanide by a new isolated strain under alkaline conditions and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biodegradation of free cyanide from industrial wastewaters has been proven as a viable and robust method for treatment of wastewaters containing cyanide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyanide degrading bacteria were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant for coke-oven-gas condensate by enrichment culture technique. Five strains were able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source under alkaline conditions and among them; one strain (C2) was selected for further studies on the basis of the higher efficiency of cyanide degradation. The bacterium was able to tolerate free cyanide at concentrations of up to 500 ppm which makes it a good potentially candidate for the biological treatment of cyanide contaminated residues. Cyanide degradation corresponded with growth and reached a maximum level 96% during the exponential phase. The highest growth rate (1.23 × 10(8)) was obtained on day 4 of the incubation time. Both glucose and fructose were suitable carbon sources for cyanotrophic growth. No growth was detected in media with cyanide as the sole carbon source. Four control factors including, pH, temperature, agitation speed and glucose concentration were optimized according to central composite design in response surface method. Cyanide degradation was optimum at 34.2°C, pH 10.3 and glucose concentration 0.44 (g/l).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial species degrade cyanide into less toxic products as they are able to use the cyanide as a nitrogen source, forming ammonia and carbon dioxide as end products. Alkaliphilic bacterial strains screened in this study evidentially showed the potential to possess degradative activities that can be harnessed to remediate cyanide wastes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaghmaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghobadi Nejad
keywords: Alkaline conditions; Biodegradation; Cyanide; Response surface methodology