title: Recent advances in OCT imaging of the lamina cribrosa.
abstract: The lamina cribrosa (LC) is believed to be the site of injury to retinal ganglion cell axons in glaucoma. The ability to visualise this structure has the potential to help increase our understanding of the disease and be useful in the early detection of glaucoma. While for many years the research on the LC was essentially dependent on histology and modelling, a number of recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have dramatically improved the ability to visualise the LC, such that it is now possible to image the LC in vivo in humans and animals. In this review, we highlight recent advances in OCT imaging of the LC, in the technology, processing and analysis, and discuss the impact that these will have on the ability to diagnose and monitor glaucoma, as well as to expand our understanding of its pathophysiology. With this manuscript, we aspire to share our excitement on the achievements and potential of recent developments as well as advise caution regarding the challenges that remain before imaging of the LC and optic nerve can be used routinely in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Strouthidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore In vivo Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Michael J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Girard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Anatomy; Glaucoma; Imaging; Intraocular Pressure; Optic Nerve