title: NMR approaches for structural analysis of multidomain proteins and complexes in solution.
abstract: NMR spectroscopy is a key method for studying the structure and dynamics of (large) multidomain proteins and complexes in solution. It plays a unique role in integrated structural biology approaches as especially information about conformational dynamics can be readily obtained at residue resolution. Here, we review NMR techniques for such studies focusing on state-of-the-art tools and practical aspects. An efficient approach for determining the quaternary structure of multidomain complexes starts from the structures of individual domains or subunits. The arrangement of the domains/subunits within the complex is then defined based on NMR measurements that provide information about the domain interfaces combined with (long-range) distance and orientational restraints. Aspects discussed include sample preparation, specific isotope labeling and spin labeling; determination of binding interfaces and domain/subunit arrangements from chemical shift perturbations (CSP), nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs), isotope editing/filtering, cross-saturation, and differential line broadening; and based on paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PRE) using covalent and soluble spin labels. Finally, the utility of complementary methods such as small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or fluorescence spectroscopy techniques is discussed. The applications of NMR techniques are illustrated with studies of challenging (high molecular weight) protein complexes.
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Göbl
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Electronic address: t.madl@tum.de.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madl
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: sattler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sattler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011506:Proteins; D012996:Solutions
keywords: Integrated structural biology; Multidomain proteins; NMR methods; Paramagnetic relaxation enhancements; Protein complexes