title: Influence of ultrasonic activation of 4 root canal sealers on the filling quality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic activation on the filling quality (intratubular sealer penetration, interfacial adaptation, and presence of voids) of 4 epoxy resin-based sealers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four extracted human canines were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) according to the sealer used to obturate the root canals instrumented with F5 ProTaper instruments (50/05) (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The canals were filled by the lateral compaction technique. Previously, the sealers were labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow analysis under a confocal microscope. At the time of obturation, the specimens were divided again into 2 groups (n = 10) according to the ultrasonic activation of the sealers: ultrasonically activated and nonultrasonically activated groups. All samples were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex. The percentages of voids, gaps, and dentinal sealer penetration segments of the canal were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the sealer penetration segments, there was a significant increase for the AH Plus (Dentsply Maillefer), Acroseal (Specialités Septodont, Saint Maur-des-Fossés, France), and Sealer 26 (Dentsply Maillefer) at the 4-mm level and the AH Plus and Sealer 26 at the 6-mm level with ultrasonic activation (P < .05). Concerning the gaps, the ultrasonic activation promoted a smaller presence for all sealers at the 4- and 6-mm levels (P < .05). No statistical significant differences were found for the percentages of voids (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ultrasonic activation of an epoxy resin-based sealer promoted greater dentinal sealer penetration and less presence of gaps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: brunomgui@usp.br.
authors.forename: Bruno Martini
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pablo Andrés
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Amoroso-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo Priori
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Alcalde
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flaviana Bombarda
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016062:Porosity; D012235:Rhodamines; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation; D013499:Surface Properties; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: C477053:Acroseal; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C080620:Sealer 26; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C029773:rhodamine B; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Confocal microscopy; epoxy resin sealers; root canal filling; ultrasound