title: Synergistic effect of the combination of gallic acid and famotidine in protection of rat gastric mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antioxidant supplements with existing drugs may confer better therapeutic efficacy in oxidative stress related diseases. The purpose of the present work was to characterize the interaction and investigate the protective effect of H2 blocker famotidine and gallic acid in combination against experimentally induced peptic ulcer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preventive effect of gallic acid and famotidine in different combinations was investigated against aspirin plus pyloric ligation induced ulcer in rat. Ulcer index, gastric juice volume, pH, other biochemical parameters of gastric juice and antioxidant activity using stomach tissue were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with gallic acid and famotidine in combinations for 7 days, protected the gastric mucosa significantly (p<0.05, 0.01), which was evidenced by decrease in ulcer index, gastric juice volume, free and total acidity, total protein, pepsin and DNA content, and increase in pH, carbohydrates concentration in gastric juice. Combination treatment increases levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and decreases lipid peroxidation, myloperoxidase in stomach tissue. Along with higher dose combination, lower dose combinations like gallic acid (50mg/kg) plus famotidine (10mg/kg) also offered better antiulcer activity than their individual effect. Histopathological studies confirmed their antiulcer activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination treatments confer synergistic protective effect against peptic ulcer in rats, which was related to the gastroprotective, antisecratory and antioxidant activity of combination treatment. Results proved that use of gallic acid with existing antiulcer drug will be more useful in the prevention/management of peptic ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asokkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmacy, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India. Electronic address: saikat.pharm@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Saikat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umamaheswari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sivashanmugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subhadradevi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015738:Famotidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D015738:Famotidine; D005707:Gallic Acid
keywords: Anti-ulcer; Antioxidant; Famotidine; Gallic acid; Synergistic