title: Periodontal pathogens and atherosclerosis: implications of inflammation and oxidative modification of LDL.
abstract: Inflammation is well accepted to play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and recent studies have demonstrated an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, causative agents of destructive chronic inflammation in the periodontium, can accelerate atheroma deposition in animal models. Emerging evidence suggests that vaccination against virulence factors of these pathogens and anti-inflammatory therapy may confer disease resistance. In this review, we focus on the role of inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative modification in the formation and activation of atherosclerotic plaques accelerated by P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans in an ApoE-deficient mouse model and high-fat-diet-fed mice. Furthermore, we examine whether mucosal vaccination with a periodontal pathogen or the anti-inflammatory activity of catechins can reduce periodontal pathogen-accelerated atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurita-Ochiai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002392:Catechin