title: New vanadium compounds in Venezuela heavy crude oil detected by positive-ion electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
abstract: Metalloporphyrins are ubiquitous in nature, particularly iron porphyrins (hemes) and magnesium dihydroporphyrins or chlorophylls. Oxovanadium (IV) complexes of alkyl porphyrins are widely distributed in petroleum, oil shales and maturing sedimentary bitumen. Here we identify new vanadium compounds in Venezuela Orinoco heavy crude oil detected by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). These compounds likely have the main structure of porphyrin, with the addition of more aromatic rings, thiophene and amino functional groups, corresponding to molecular series of C(n)H(2n-40)N(4)V(1)O(1) (36 ≤ n ≤ 58),C(n)H(2n-42)N(4)V(1)O(1) (37 ≤ n ≤ 57),C(n)H(2n-44)N(4)V(1)O(1) (38 ≤ n ≤ 59),C(n)H(2n-46)N(4)V(1)O(1) (43 ≤ n ≤ 54),C(n)H(2n-48)N(4)V(1)O(1) (45 ≤ n ≤ 55),C(n)H(2n-38)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (36 ≤ n ≤ 41),C(n)H(2n-40)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (35 ≤ n ≤ 51),C(n)H(2n-42)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (36 ≤ n ≤ 54),C(n)H(2n-44)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (41 ≤ n ≤ 55),C(n)H(2n-46)N(4)V(1)S(1)O(1) (39 ≤ n ≤ 55),C(n)H(2n-27)N(5)V(1)O(1) (29 ≤ n ≤ 40),C(n)H(2n-29)N(5)V(1)O(1) (34 ≤ n ≤ 42),C(n)H(2n-33)N(5)V(1)O(1) (31 ≤ n ≤ 38),C(n)H(2n-35)N(5)V(1)O(1) (32 ≤ n ≤ 41),C(n)H(2n-27)N(5)V(1)O(2) (32 ≤ n ≤ 41) and C(n)H(2n-29)N(5)V(1)O(2) (33 ≤ n ≤ 42). These findings are significant for the understanding of the existing form of vanadium species in nature, and are helpful for enhancing the amount of information on palaeoenvironments and improving the level of applied basic theory for the processing technologies of heavy oils.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing China 102249.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing China 102249.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2V4.
authors.forename: Murray R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing China 102249.
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu