title: Prevalence, incidence and progression of peripheral arterial disease in Asian Indian type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence, incidence, etiology and factors related to progression of peripheral arterial disease [PAD] in Asian Indian type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with multiple Doppler studies done between 2001 and 2011 at a tertiary diabetes center in south India, were included. Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics and ankle brachial index [ABI] measurements were abstracted from the electronic medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2512 T2DM patients were followed for an average of 7years. 7.6% of the study population had PAD in 2001 [women, 11.8%; men, 5.1%] with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.09 [confidence interval (CI): 1.9-4.9] for women. Prevalent PAD was associated with increased mortality [hazards ratio (HR) 3.3, CI: 1.4-7.7]. 280 new patients of PAD were identified - crude incidence, 17/1000 patient years with higher rates in females [HR 1.94, CI: 1.4-2.7]. Age and duration of diabetes were the other predictors of incident PAD. Progression of PAD was seen in 16.5% of patients, with age (p=0.002) and HbA1c (p=0.022) being the predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women had a higher prevalence of PAD. Older age, female gender and duration of diabetes were related to an increased incidence of PAD. An elevated HbA1c being associated with progression of PAD stresses the need for strict control of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Jayasheel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eshcol
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jebarani
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India. Electronic address: http://www.drmohansdiabetes.com.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeepa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Diabetes; Incidence; India; Peripheral arterial disease; Prevalence; South Asians