title: The effects of maternal haemoglobin as an indicator of maternal nutritional status on, maternal measles antibodies of mother-infant pairs at birth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal measles antibodies (MMA) are actively transferred through the placenta from mother to foetus. A relationship could exist between MMA of mother-infant pairs and maternal nutritional indicator (haemoglobin).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reviewed the effects of maternal haemoglobin (Hb) on MMA of mother-infant pairs at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty three mother-infant pairs were enrolled in this study using the systematic random sampling method. Means of maternal Hb and MMA of mother-infant pairs were compared using the Student t test. Correlation coefficients of maternal Hb and MMA of mother-infant pairs were also determined. Multivariate analysis of variable (MANOVA) and covariates (MANCOVA) was used to investigate the effects of maternal Hb (fixed factor), gestational age, maternal age, birth weight (covariates) on combined MMA of mother-infant pairs (dependent factors). Benferroni adjusted Univariate linear regression was used to investigate the dependent variables separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 78 (51%) males and 75 (49%) females. The (mean ± SD) MMA of mother-infant pairs at birth were 134.66 ± 93.31 (95% CI, 119.76 - 149.56) U/ml, and 187.49 ± 85.01 (95% CI, 173.91 - 201.07) U/ml, and their correlation was significant (p = 0.025). Ninety one (59.5 %) mothers had low Hb, 62 (40.5 %) had acceptable Hb levels. The overall mean maternal Hb was 11.01 ± 1.00 (95% CI, 10.85 - 11.17) g/dl . A positive significant correlation was observed between maternal Hb and MMA of the newborn-infant (p = 0.031). The MANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between maternal Hb on the combined dependent variables (p =0.033); however, results for the dependent variables using the Benferroni adjusted Univariate analysis was significant for only MMA of the infants, (p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant association between aacceptable levels of maternal Hb and high MMA of the newborn-infants. Therefore, these newborn infants start out with higher MMA that could give them better protection against measles during infancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria; formerly, Department of Paediatrics University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, UMTH, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ashir
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Bengham University, Jos, Plateau state Nigeria; formerly, Department of Paediatrics, UMTH, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mava
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, UMTH, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gimba
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, UMTH, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, UMTH, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ambe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009549:Nigeria; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Maiduguri; Maternal haemoglobin; Nigeria; maternal measles antibodies