title: Antiretroviral treatment associated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia among HIV infected patients at Burayu Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on glucose and lipid metabolism among sub-Saharan Africans, for whom access to antiretroviral therapy is expanding, remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess antiretroviral treatment associated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia among HIV infected patients at Burayu health center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among HIV infected adults at Burayu Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from September, 2011 to May, 2012. Equal number of HAART naïve and HAART initiated patients (n = 126 each) were included in the study. Demographic data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose were determined. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 252 study participants, 72.2% were females; mean age was 35.3 years; mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 21.4(kg/m2); mean time living with the virus was 20.6 months and 15.5% were TB-HIV co-infected. The prevalence of hyperglycemia, increased LDL-C hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL-C were 7.9%, 23%, 42.1%, 46.8% and 50.8% in HAART and 5.6%, 7.1%, 11.1%, 31% and 73% in non-HAART groups, respectively. First line antiretrovirals were drugs containing 2 nucleoside backbones (from Zidovudine/Stavudine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir) with either Nevirapine or Efavirenz. There was statistically significant increase in serum lipid profile levels among HAART initiated patients than HAART naïve individuals (p =0.01 for TG and <0.001 for others).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-line HAART is associated with potentially atherogenic lipid profile levels in patients with HIV infection compared to untreated patients. This indicates glucose and lipid profile levels need to be monitored regularly in HIV infected patients taking antiretroviral treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. mollish77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Molla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abebe
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinde
authors.forename: Getachew
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belay
authors.forename: Atsbeha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gebreegziabxier
authors.forename: Feyissa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.forename: Tefera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gebeyehu
authors.forename: Paulos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nigussie
authors.forename: Belete
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tegbaru
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol