title: Beneficial effects of phlorizin on diabetic nephropathy in diabetic db/db mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study observes the effects of phlorizin on diabetic nephrology in db/db diabetic mice and explores possible underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen diabetic db/db mice and eight age-matched db/m mice were divided into three groups: vehicle-treated diabetic group (DM group), diabetic group treated with phlorizin (DMT group) and normal control group (CC group). Phlorizin was given in normal saline solution by intragastric administration for 10 weeks. Differentially expressed proteins in three groups were identified using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics and the data were further analyzed with ingenuity pathway analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The body weight and serum concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and 24-h urine albumin were increased in the DM group compared to those of the CC group (P<0.05), and they were decreased by treatment with phlorizin (P<0.05). Morphologic observations showed phlorizin markedly attenuated renal injury. Phlorizin prevented diabetic nephropathy by regulating the expression of a series of proteins involved in renal and urological disease, molecular transport, free radical scavenging, and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phlorizin protects mice from diabetic nephrology and thus may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic nephrology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bao-Ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-da
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: silverstar40@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D003404:Creatinine; D010695:Phlorhizin
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic nephropathy; Oxidative stress; Phlorizin; db/db mice