title: Analysis of touch used by occupational therapy practitioners in skilled nursing facilities.
abstract: Instrumental touch is identified as having purposeful physical contact in order to complete a task. Expressive touch is identified as warm, friendly physical contact and is not solely for performing a task. Expressive touch has been associated with improved client status, increased rapport and greater gains made during therapy. The purpose of the study was to observe the frequency of expressive and instrumental touch utilized by an occupational therapist during an occupational therapy session. Thirty-three occupational therapy professionals, including occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants, employed at skilled nursing facilities in southwest Florida were observed. Data were collected on the Occupational Therapy Interaction Assessment. The results of the data analysis showed a positive relationship between the gender of the therapist and the frequency of expressive touch. The data also showed that a large majority of touches were instrumental touch and pertained to functional mobility. The results of the study can contribute to a better understanding of the holistic aspects of occupational therapy. By the use of more expressive touch, occupational therapy practitioners may have a positive, beneficial effect on both the client and the therapy process as a whole. Further research is needed to determine the effect an occupational therapy setting has on the frequency of instrumental and expressive touch. A larger sample size and a distinction between evaluation and treatment sessions would benefit future studies.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henegar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oberle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thacker
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities; D014110:Touch
keywords: expressive touch; instrumental touch; occupational therapy; skilled nursing facilities