title: The social determinants of health for people with type 1 diabetes that progress to end-stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-management of type 1 diabetes over a lifetime is complex and challenging even in the best of circumstances, and the social environment can be a powerful determinant of health behaviours and outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify how social determinants of health can impact on the capacity of young people to manage their glycaemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings emerged from a constructivist grounded theory approach through an in-depth examination of life course events that were recounted through qualitative interviews. The rich descriptive detail obtained from this enquiry locates common experiences and the context in which concordance with therapies occurs and health behaviours develop.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This qualitative study of young people with type 1 diabetes who have developed end-stage renal disease demonstrates that there are many factors beyond individual control that can contribute to health outcomes. The social determinants of childhood environment, education, socio-economic status, gender and the culture of public health can contribute to disengagement from treatment regimens and the health-care system and to the development of microvascular complications at a comparatively young age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings challenge the assumptions of health-care practitioners about individual responsibility and highlight the importance of considering how social determinants can shape lives, behaviours and health.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gleadle
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Public Health, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Mariastella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pulvirenti
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Public Health, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Darlene A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McNaughton
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D066296:Grounded Theory; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care; D012923:Social Class; D064890:Social Determinants of Health; D012944:Social Support
keywords: end-stage renal disease; social determinant; type 1 diabetes mellitus