title: Estimating free-living human energy expenditure: Practical aspects of the doubly labeled water method and its applications.
abstract: The accuracy and noninvasive nature of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method makes it ideal for the study of human energy metabolism in free-living conditions. However, the DLW method is not always practical in many developing and Asian countries because of the high costs of isotopes and equipment for isotope analysis as well as the expertise required for analysis. This review provides information about the theoretical background and practical aspects of the DLW method, including optimal dose, basic protocols of two- and multiple-point approaches, experimental procedures, and isotopic analysis. We also introduce applications of DLW data, such as determining the equations of estimated energy requirement and validation studies of energy intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jonghoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
authors.forename: Ishikawa-Takata
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Kazuko
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunkyung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Home Economics Education, Pai-Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinsook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
keywords: Doubly labeled water; energy intake; estimated energy requirement