title: Comparison of cardioprotective effects of labeled and unlabeled oleanoic acids with new BOPIM dye on primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that fluorescent labeling has recently become a major research tool in molecular and cellular biology for demonstrating therapeutic mechanisms and metabolic pathways. However, few studies have reported the use of fluorescent labeling of natural products.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recently explored the boron 2-(2'-pyridyl) imidazole (BOPIM) derivative analogs, which are highly fluorescent, non-aggregated, and nontoxic. In the present study, the natural product oleanolic acid (OA) was functionalized and labeled with BOPIM, thus yielding a highly fluorescent probe, the comparison of cardioprotective effects of labeled and unlabeled OAs with BOPIM on primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with OA and BOPIM-OA significantly prevented the H/R induced cell death in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. However, BOPIM exhibited no improvements on the H/R injury cardiomyocytes, and which were similar to those of the H/R group. The results of comparison of cardioprotective effects between labeled and unlabeled OAs with BOPIM showed that introducing the BOPIM chromophore did not make a difference with H/R injury cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BOPIM chromophore is a suitable probe for investigating the pharmacological mechanisms of natural products.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China. Electronic address: haibohe2001@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hai-bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shu-zhang
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jun-zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Cai-hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China. Electronic address: kzou@ctgu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D045304:Cytochromes c; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Boron 2-(2′-pyridyl) imidazole derivatives; Cardiomyocytes; Hypoxia/reoxygenation; Oleanolic acid