title: Robotic surgery for rectal cancer: A systematic review of current practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To give a comprehensive review of current literature on robotic rectal cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of current literature via PubMed and Embase search engines was performed to identify relevant articles from january 2007 to november 2013. The keywords used were: "robotic surgery", "surgical robotics", "laparoscopic computer-assisted surgery", "colectomy" and "rectal resection".
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the initial screen of 380 articles, 20 papers were selected for review. A total of 1062 patients (male 64.0%) with a mean age of 61.1 years and body mass index of 24.9 kg/m(2) were included in the review. Out of 1062 robotic-assisted operations, 831 (78.2%) anterior and low anterior resections, 132 (12.4%) intersphincteric resection with coloanal anastomosis, 98 (9.3%) abdominoperineal resections and 1 (0.1%) Hartmann's operation were included in the review. Robotic rectal surgery was associated with longer operative time but with comparable oncological results and anastomotic leak rate when compared with laparoscopic rectal surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotic colorectal surgery has continued to evolve to its current state with promising results; feasible surgical option with low conversion rate and comparable short-term oncological results. The challenges faced with robotic surgery are for more high quality studies to justify its cost.
authors.affiliation: Tony Wing Chung Mak, Janet Fung Yee Lee, Sophie Sok Fei Hon, Dennis Kwok Yu Ngo, Simon Siu Man Ng, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Tony Wing Chung
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: Tony Wing Chung Mak, Janet Fung Yee Lee, Sophie Sok Fei Hon, Dennis Kwok Yu Ngo, Simon Siu Man Ng, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Janet Fung Yee
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Tony Wing Chung Mak, Janet Fung Yee Lee, Sophie Sok Fei Hon, Dennis Kwok Yu Ngo, Simon Siu Man Ng, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Futaba
authors.affiliation: Tony Wing Chung Mak, Janet Fung Yee Lee, Sophie Sok Fei Hon, Dennis Kwok Yu Ngo, Simon Siu Man Ng, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Sophie Sok Fei
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.affiliation: Tony Wing Chung Mak, Janet Fung Yee Lee, Sophie Sok Fei Hon, Dennis Kwok Yu Ngo, Simon Siu Man Ng, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Dennis Kwok Yu
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Tony Wing Chung Mak, Janet Fung Yee Lee, Sophie Sok Fei Hon, Dennis Kwok Yu Ngo, Simon Siu Man Ng, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Simon Siu Man
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ng
keywords: Minimal invasive surgery; Rectal cancer; Rectal surgery; Robotics; Systematic review