title: Effect of different surface-cleaning techniques on the bond strength of composite resin restorations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different techniques have been suggested for cleaning dentin surfaces after the removal of an interim prosthesis and before the application of a bonding agent. How different surface-cleaning techniques affect the bond strength of the composite resin restorations is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different surface-cleaning techniques on the bond strength of composite resin restorations and the surface topography of the prepared tooth surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  The occlusal surfaces of 25 molars were ground until the dentin was exposed. A bonding agent and interim cement were applied on the teeth. The teeth were divided into 5 groups (n=5) according to the method used for surface-cleaning (microairborne-particle abrasion, alcohol, rubber-rotary instrument, desiccating agent, and control). Once the surfaces of the teeth had been cleaned, the same bonding material was applied to the teeth. A 5-mm-thick composite resin layer was built up. Each specimen was sectioned to microbars, and 6 centrally located beams were selected for microtensile testing (n=30) (1.10 ±0.10 mm). The data were statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA (1-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The Bonferroni test was used for significantly different groups (α=.05). One specimen from each group was observed under a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis also was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bond strength values were in the following descending order: microairborne-particle abrasion, desiccating agent, alcohol, rubber-rotary instrument, control. Differences between the microairborne-particle abrasion group and the remainder of the groups, desiccating agent--rubber-rotary instrument, desiccating agent-control, alcohol--rubber-rotary instrument, and alcohol-control groups, were statistically significant (P<.05). The microairborne-particle abrasion group displayed the roughest surface and a different surface topography from the remainder of the groups. Increased aluminum was observed in the microairborne-particle abrasion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface-cleaning techniques, except for the rubber-rotary instrument, increased the bond strength of composite resin. The roughest dentin surfaces and highest bond strength were achieved with the microairborne-particle abrasion technique.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erkut
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio. Electronic address: yilmaz.16@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bagis
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Küçükeşmen
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Fellow, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Acar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012408:Rubber / Q000737:chemistry; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D055815:Young Adult; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C449162:zinc oxide-non-eugenol cement; D000431:Ethanol; D012408:Rubber; D015034:Zinc Oxide