title: Antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects of the Mongolian medicinal plant Leptopyrum fumarioides (L): an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptopyrum fumarioides has been used in the traditional medicine of Mongolia for the treatment of various diseases, including drug intoxications. However, since there is only sparse information about its chemistry, active components, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, the major aim of the present study employing mouse lymphoma cells was to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic/antioxidative effects of extracts and components isolated from this plant.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crude methanol extract was separated into three different sub-extracts: dichloromethane, n-butanol, and water. The major constituent of the n-butanol extract, i.e., the flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside and a mixture of the most abundant compounds in the dichloromethane sub-extract were then isolated. DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay; the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude methanol extract, the dichloromethane sub-extract and the mixture of compounds isolated from the latter fraction, increased the level of DNA damage after three hours of exposure. In contrast, no increase in DNA damage was observed in the cells that had been exposed to the n-butanol and water sub-extracts, or to the pure flavone. When non-DNA damaging concentrations of extracts and compounds were tested together with the DNA damaging agent catechol, all sub-extracts were found to reduce the catechol-induced DNA damage (the flavone was then found to be the most effective protective agent). The n-butanol sub-extract and the flavone were also found to have the most prominent antioxidative effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results from the present study, components in Leptopyrum fumarioides were found to protect the DNA damage induced by catechol, probably by acting as potent antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Delgerbat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boldbaatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hesham R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: El-Seedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 591, SE-741 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Meriana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Findakly
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 591, SE-741 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Safa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jabri
authors.affiliation: School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Batkhuu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Javzan
authors.affiliation: School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 46, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Battsetseg
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choidash
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Göransson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Box 591, SE-741 24 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: bjorn.hellman@farmbio.uu.se.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hellman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism; D056785:Medicine, Mongolian Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008986:Mongolia; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029626:Ranunculaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents
keywords: A mixture of long-chained alcohols and hydrocarbons; Comet assay; DNA-damage; DPPH scavenging assay; Luteolin-7-O-glucoside; Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 5373-11-5); Mouse lymphoma cells