title: TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines and their association with TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism and postoperative sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early prediction of postoperative sepsis remains an enormous clinical challenge. Association of TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism with sepsis remains controversial. We, therefore, investigated this polymorphism with serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in relation to development of sepsis following major gastrointestinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty-nine patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery were enrolled. Polymorphism was studied through the analysis of restriction fragments of Nco1-digested DNA with the polymerase chain reaction. All patients were followed for 1 month following surgery for evidence of sepsis. Levels of serum cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured preoperatively and postoperatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven (19.66 %) patients developed postoperative sepsis. Patients with postoperative sepsis were significantly (p = 0.002) more likely to possess AA homozygous genotype with higher capacity to produce cytokines TNF-α (p < 0.0001), IL-6 (p < 0.0001), and IL-8 (p < 0.0001) as compared to other genotypes. When compared with patients carrying at least one G allele, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly higher probability (odds ratio (OR) = 4.17; p = 0.003; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-11.48) of developing sepsis. Compared with the GG genotype, AA was associated with a significantly higher probability (OR = 5.18; p = 0.0008; 95 % CI = 1.82-14.76) of sepsis development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism is significantly associated with the development of postoperative sepsis and with increased expression of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India, kavita.baghel08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baghel
authors.forename: Rajeshwar Nath
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Sudhir K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Hasan Raza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kazmi
authors.forename: Saloni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha