title: Dietary changes in Vietnamese marriage immigrant women: The KoGES follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The immigrant population has grown considerably in South Korea since the early 1990s due to international marriages. Dietary changes in immigrants are an important issue, because they are related to health and disease patterns. This study was conducted to compare changes in dietary intake between baseline and follow-up periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundreds thirty three Vietnamese female married immigrants. Baseline data were collected during 2006-2009, and the follow-up data were collected during 2008 and 2010. Food consumption was assessed using a 1-day 24-hour recall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of the total food consumed (P < 0.001) including that of cereals (P = 0.004), vegetables (P = 0.003), and fruits (P = 0.002) decreased at follow-up compared to that at baseline, whereas consumption of milk and dairy products increased (P = 0.004). Accordingly, the overall energy and nutrient intake decreased at follow-up, including carbohydrates (P = 0.012), protein (P = 0.021), fiber (P = 0.008), iron (P = 0.009), zinc (P = 0.006), and folate (P = 0.002). Among various anthropometric and biochemical variables, mean skeletal muscle mass decreased (P = 0.012), plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased, (P = 0.020) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased at follow-up (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long-term follow-up study is needed to investigate the association between changes in food and nutrient intake and anthropometric and biochemical variables in these Vietnamese female marriage immigrants.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: Hakim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: Ahra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: Namsoo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: Vietnamese marriage immigrant women; dietary changes; follow-up study