title: Adaptation and validation of the patient assessment of chronic illness care in the French context.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic diseases are major causes of disability worldwide with rising prevalence. Most patients suffering from chronic conditions do not always receive optimal care. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) has been developed to help general practitioners making quality improvements. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) questionnaire was increasingly used in several countries to appraise the implementation of the CCM from the patients' perspective. The objective of this study was to adapt the PACIC questionnaire in the French context and to test the validity of this adaptation in a sample of patients with multiple chronic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PACIC was translated into French language using a forward/backward procedure. The French version was validated using a sample of 150 patients treated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and having multiple chronic co-morbidities. Several forms of validity were analysed: content; face; construct; and internal consistency. The construct validity was investigated with an exploratory factorial analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The French-version of the PACIC consisted in 18 items, after merging two pairs of items due to redundancy. The high number of items exhibiting floor/ceiling effects and the non-normality of the ratings suggested that a 5-points rating scale was somewhat inappropriate to assess the patients' experience of care. The construct validity of the French-PACIC was verified and resulted in a bi-dimensional structure. Overall this structure showed a high level of internal consistency. The PACIC score appeared to be significantly related to the age and self-reported health of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A French-version of the PACIC questionnaire is now available to evaluate the patients' experience of care and to monitor the quality improvements realised by the medical structures. This study also pointed out some methodological issues about the PACIC questionnaire, related to the format of the rating scale and to the structure of the questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: HERU, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. nicolas.krucien@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krucien
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Vaillant
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pelletier-Fleury
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D058006:General Practice / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058996:Quality Improvement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating