title: Characterization and standardization of allergen extracts.
abstract: This paper summarizes the development of the extraction and characterization of allergens responsible for the induction of immunoglobulin (lg) E-induced allergies from the beginning of the 20th century, including the nomenclature of allergens. The majority of papers characterizing allergens and allergen extracts state that the lack of standardization of allergen extracts is the reason for the paper, and so it has been for more than 100 years. A natural part of that process might be the isolation of an allergen molecule and this starts the speculation of 'what makes that allergen an allergen?' To achieve the perfect standardization is a desirable end that is still awaited. So far none of these problems have been finally solved. I started in allergy shortly after the discovery of IgE in 1967. Since that time the history as I remember it is based on the literature, my interpretation of it, and of course may be a little biased due to personal prejudice! The history of the last 10-15 years has still not matured and it might be a little early to draw conclusions. However, at the end of this chapter I do dare to make a few conclusions after having followed the development in this field for 40 years. As this is history it is not meant to be either comprehensive or technically and scientifically precise in all aspects, but rather draws on some thoughts as to what in my mind have been important developments until now. Specific techniques are only mentioned by name and not intended to be discussed in depth. This activity has, however, pushed me to reflect on my hopes and speculations at the time of my introduction to the field of allergen chemistry. To my surprise I realize that far more than I ever expected at that time has been fulfilled. It has been extremely exciting to be a part of that development.
authors.affiliation: Nødebo, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Løwenstein
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism*; D031164:Ambrosia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D029662:Betula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E