title: Heart and lung, a dangerous liaison-Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy and respiratory diseases: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible association between Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC)-a reversible clinical condition mimicking an acute myocardial infarction characterized by multifactorial pathophysiologic mechanisms- and respiratory system diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE medical information sources, to identify the different triggering causes, limiting our search to articles in English. The search keywords were: "tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy", "takotsubo", "takotsubo cardiomyopathy", "broken heart syndrome", "stress-induced cardiomyopathy", "apical ballooning syndrome", and "ampulla cardiomyopathy in combination with respiratory diseases, lung, pulmonary disease. For each kind of disease, we registered: author, year and country of study, patient sex, age, concurring situation, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of a total of 1725 articles found, we selected 37 papers reporting a total of 38 patients. As expected, most patients were women (81.6%), mean age was 65 ± 10 years. Outcome was favorable in 100% of cases, and all the patients have been discharged uneventfully in a few days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An association between respiratory diseases and TTC is likely to exist. Patients with severe respiratory diseases, due to the high dosages of β2-agonists used or to the need of invasive procedures, are highly exposed to the risk of developing TTC.
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbian
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo De
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra Mallozzi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Menegatti
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Misurati
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Ruana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiseo
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallerani
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.affiliation: Roberto Manfredini , Fabio Fabbian, Alfredo De Giorgi, Marco Pala, Alessandra Mallozzi Menegatti, Claudia Parisi, Elisa Misurati, Ruana Tiseo, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bossone
keywords: Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Lung; Respiratory diseases; Stress cardiomyopathy; Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy