title: Visual presentation of statistical concepts in diagnostic testing: the 2 × 2 diagram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to present a visual conceptual framework for important statistical concepts in radiology, and to provide an online application to facilitate this visualization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical measures such as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are ubiquitous in medical literature, yet thinking fluidly about these concepts is not always easy. The 2 × 2 diagram is a helpful guide.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 55 Lock St, New Haven, CT 06511.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003626:Data Display; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: contingency table; diagnostic testing; predictive values; sensitivity; specificity; statistics