title: Evaluation of circulating levels of inflammatory and bone formation markers in axial spondyloarthritis.
abstract: Studies have demonstrated the important role of bone remodelling and osteoimmunology in the progression of inflammatory lesions in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the inflammatory response by analysis of the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and new bone formation markers in patients with axial SpA who were treated or not treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) or non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) and to identify whether these drugs modify the activity and severity of the disease. The serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and osteoprotegerin (OP) were measured in 52 SpA patients who were treated or not with anti-TNF-α or NSAIDs and in 26 healthy controls using colourimetric and enzyme immunoassay tests. The activity and the severity of illness in patients with SpA were assessed using questionnaires (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)). A significant difference between the controls and the patients without medication was observed in relation to NOx, BAP, and OP (p<0.01). When the patients were compared with regard to their treatment, there were no clinically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, The NOx, BAP, and OP are emerging as important inflammatory pathways in axial SpA. Also the anti-TNF-α or non-steroidal drugs reduce the inflammation and destructions, however these treatments do not modify the serum levels of these biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Service, Professor Polydoro Ernani São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil. Electronic address: keniarod@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kenia Rodrigues
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, Irmã Benwarda street, 297, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88015-270, Brazil. Electronic address: castrogrwc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gláucio Ricardo Werner
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil. Electronic address: geisonvicente@grad.ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Geison
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil. Electronic address: julinha_sr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Julia Salvan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil. Electronic address: marinanaderr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Service, Professor Polydoro Ernani São Thiago University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil. Electronic address: ivanio.pereira@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Ivanio Alves
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil. Electronic address: Tania.frode@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Tânia Silvia
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Fröde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Axial spondyloarthritis; Bone alkaline phosphatase; DKK-1; Osteoprotegerin; Pro-inflammatory mediators