title: Multiplanar breast kinematics during different exercise modalities.
abstract: Multiplanar breast movement reduction is crucial to increasing physical activity participation amongst women. To date, research has focused on breast movement during running, but until breast movement is understood during different exercise modalities, the breast support requirements for specific activities are unknown. To understand breast support requirements during different exercise modalities, this study aimed to determine multiplanar breast kinematics during running, jumping and agility tasks. Sixteen 32D participants had markers attached to their right nipple and torso. Relative multiplanar breast displacement was calculated during bare-breasted treadmill running (10 kph), maximum countermovement jumping and an agility t-test. Exercise modality influenced the magnitude and direction of breast displacement, velocity and acceleration (p < .05). Jumping produced greater vertical breast displacement (.09 m) but less mediolateral breast displacement (.05 m) than running or the agility task, but agility tasks produced the highest multiplanar breast velocities and acceleration. Breast movement during jumping was predominantly in the vertical direction, whereas the agility task produced a greater percentage of mediolateral breast acceleration than running or jumping. Exercise modality impacted upon the magnitude and distribution of bare-breasted multiplanar breast kinematics in this homogenous 32D cohort. Therefore, to reduce breast movement in women of a 32D bra size, manufacturers may wish to design sport-specific products, with greater vertical support for exercise modalities incorporating jumping and greater mediolateral support for agility tasks.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Risius
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scurr
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001940:Breast; D003020:Clothing; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D012420:Running; D060726:Torso; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics; exercise; health; performance