title: Protective effects of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn against fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study the effects of alcohol extract of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn (AESM) on the metabolism of blood fat, morphology of fenestrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), and the ultrastructure of liver cells of the rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Divide SD rats into control group, model group, simvastatin (7.2 mg/kg) group, and S.mukorossi Gaertn group with high dosage (0.5 g/kg), moderate dosage (0.1 g/kg), and low dosage (0.05 g/kg). After feeding with fat-rich nutrients for 3 weeks and establishing the model of hepatic adipose, conduct intragastric administration and provide the rats with fat-rich nutrients at the same time. At the 43rd day, take blood sample and measure aminotransferase and different indexes of blood fat; take hepatic tissue for pathological section, and observe the hepatic morphological patterns under light microscope; obtain and fix the hepatic tissue after injecting perfusate into the body, and observe the changes of fenestrated LSEC under scanning electron microscope; observe the ultrastructure of liver cells under transmission electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-dosage alcohol extracts of S.mukorossi Gaertn can alleviate the AST, ALT, TC, TG, LDL, γ-GT, and ALP level, as well as raise the HDL and APN level in the serum of NAFLD-rat model. In addition, through the observation from light microscope and electron microscopes, the morphology of the hepatic tissue and liver cells as well as the recovery of the fenestrated LSEC in the treatment group has become normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol extracts of S.mukorossi Gaertn can regulate the level of blood fat and improve the pathological changes of the hepatic tissues in NAFLD-rat model, which demonstrates the effects of down-regulating fat level and protecting liver.
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Qiuxian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yukai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenxue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhixian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: chbing2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000097:blood*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D032127:Sapindus / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Blood fat; Fenestrated LSEC; Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD); Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn