title: Clinical, Functional, and Morphological Evaluations of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Remnant Preservation: Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction techniques have evolved and have revealed satisfactory outcomes; however, the optimal operative method for PCL reconstruction remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Transtibial PCL reconstruction with a remnant preservation technique would result in successful clinical, radiological, functional, and morphological outcomes. In addition, it was hypothesized that the results of combined PCL and posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction would be comparable with those of isolated PCL reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 168 patients who underwent arthroscopic PCL reconstruction with or without reconstruction of the PLC between March 2006 and June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety-two patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and 47 of 92 patients who underwent combined PCL and PLC reconstruction were evaluated as a subgroup. The PLC was reconstructed using the single fibular sling method. The patients were assessed by means of the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, and Tegner activity score. Stability was evaluated using a KT-2000 arthrometer and Telos device. Proprioception was assessed using the Biodex System. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 34 patients, and second-look arthroscopic surgery was conducted in 36 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minimum follow-up duration was 24 months in all patients. Clinical outcomes and posterior instability improved significantly. The mean Lysholm score improved from 56.7 ± 7.1 to 89.3 ± 7.3, the mean IKDC subjective knee score improved from 53.3 ± 9.6 to 86.2 ± 6.1, and the mean Tegner activity score was 2.5 ± 0.8 preoperatively and 5.1 ± 1.3 postoperatively (all P < .001). The mean side-to-side difference on posterior stress radiography with the Telos device improved significantly, decreasing from 12.1 ± 2.5 mm to 2.7 ± 1.3 mm (P < .001). The mean side-to-side difference on varus stress radiography was reduced from 5.9 ± 0.8 mm preoperatively to 1.3 ± 1.0 mm after combined PCL and PLC reconstruction (P < .001). Postoperative proprioception recovered to a level similar to that of the uninvolved side, and MRI and second-look arthroscopic surgery showed a high rate of complete healing and synovialization in patients who underwent either isolated PCL reconstruction or combined PLC and PCL reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transtibial PCL reconstruction with remnant preservation resulted in satisfactory clinical, functional, radiological, and morphological outcomes. The results of combined posterolateral rotatory instability were comparable with those for isolated PCL reconstruction with adequate PLC reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dhong Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Seuk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Eui
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea boram107@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jin Goo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D065466:Lysholm Knee Score; D008297:Male; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D024162:Second-Look Surgery / Q000379:methods
keywords: posterior cruciate ligament; posterolateral corner; preservation of PCL fibers; trans-septal portal