title: Skeletal muscle and organ masses differ in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Whether lean body mass (LBM) composition, especially skeletal muscle and abdominal organs, differs in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared with nondiabetic healthy controls has not been investigated. A subset of African-American and Caucasian participants with T2DM from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial had body composition assessed and compared with a sample of healthy controls. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM), liver, kidneys, and spleen mass were quantified using a contiguous slice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Cardiac mass was quantified by either a cardiac gated MRI protocol or by echocardiography. MRI volumes were converted to mass using assumed densities. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed LBM. Using general linear models adjusted for height, weight, sex, age, race, and interactions of diabetes status with race or sex, persons with T2DM (n = 95) had less LBM (49.7 vs. 51.6 kg) and SMM (24.1 vs. 25.4 kg) and larger kidneys (0.40 vs. 0.36 kg) than controls (n = 76) (all P < 0.01). Caucasians with T2DM had larger livers (1.90 vs. 1.60 kg, P < 0.0001) and spleens (0.29 vs. 0.22 kg, P < 0.01), and T2DM men had less cardiac mass than controls (0.25 vs. 0.30 kg, P < 0.001). In this sample, T2DM is characterized by less relative skeletal muscle and cardiac mass in conjunction with larger kidneys, liver, and spleen. Further investigation is needed to establish the causes and metabolic consequences of these race- and sex-specific organ mass differences in T2DM.
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York;
authors.forename: Lance E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York;
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heshka
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York;
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York;
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Pi-Sunyer
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; and.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boxt
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balasubramanyam
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York; dg108@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Dympna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: African American; Caucasian; kidneys; liver; magnetic resonance imaging; spleen