title: Pulmonary Nocardia nova infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: We herein report the case of a 68-year-old man with a history of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myelocytic leukemia in whom graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed in the gastrointestinal tract and liver five months after transplantation. In that same period, chest computed tomography showed infiltration in both upper lungs. We performed bronchoscopy to clarify the GVHD and pulmonary infection. Nocardia nova was identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and we diagnosed the patient as having pulmonary nocardiosis. Because the differential diagnosis is important for the medical management of GVHD and pulmonary infection, performing bronchoscopy is essential for making an appropriate and rapid diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Kaichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwano
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aiba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology