title: Social class mobility in first episode psychosis and the association with depression, hopelessness and suicidality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychotic disorders are associated with a significant impairment in occupational functioning that can begin in the prodromal phase of the disorder. As a result, individuals with a psychotic disorder may not maintain their social class at birth. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of the social classes of individuals presenting with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) compared to the general population and to their family of origin. We evaluated whether social drift was associated with depression, hopelessness and suicidality at first presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All individuals with a FEP presenting to a community mental health service between 1995 and 1999 and to an early intervention service between 2005 and 2011were included. Diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV diagnoses and clinical evaluations included the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Suicidal Intent Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  330 individuals were included in the study and by the time of presentation, individuals with a FEP were more likely to be represented in the lower social classes compared to the general population. 43% experienced a social drift and this was associated with a diagnosis of a non-affective disorder, co-morbid cannabis abuse and a longer DUP. Individuals who did not experience a social drift had a higher risk of hopelessness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social drift is common in psychotic disorders; however, individuals who either maintain their social class or experience upward social class mobility are more susceptible to hopelessness.
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: briannoelodonoghue@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: john.paul.lyne@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lyne
authors.affiliation: DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: felicity.fanning@sjog.ie.
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.affiliation: DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: AKinsella@rcsi.ie.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: abbielane0@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abbie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: niall.turner@sjog.ie.
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eadbhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.affiliation: University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Avila House, Blackrock Business Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; St John of God Hospitaller Services, Stillorgan, Co Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: mary.clarke@sjog.ie.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012937:Social Mobility; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Hopelessness; Psychosis; Social mobility; Suicide