title: Impact of fluid balance on outcome of adult patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between early daily fluid balance (FB) and 90-day outcome in adult patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral centre for ECMO.
  
  
  METHODS
  115 patients treated with ECMO for refractory heart failure and 57 patients treated with ECMO for refractory respiratory failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the association between early daily FB versus hospital and 90-day mortality using multivariable logistic regression model, Cox proportional-hazards model and propensity score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained detailed demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, daily FB, and continuous renal replacement days. Fifty-seven per cent of patients had acute kidney injury (AKI) at ECMO initiation, and 60 % (n = 103) of patients received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) during ECMO course, beginning at a median of 1 (0-3.5) days after ECMO initiation. Overall 90-day mortality was 24 %. Survivors exhibited lower daily FB from day 3 to day 5. After adjustments, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III, CRRT during the first 3 days, major bleeding event at day 1 and positive FB on day 3 were independent predictors of 90-day mortality. Positive FB at ECMO day 3 remained an independent predictor of hospital and 90-day mortality, regardless of the statistical model used or the inclusion of a propensity score to have positive FB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive FB at ECMO day 3 is an independent predictor of 90-day mortality. Further interventional studies aimed at testing the value of strategy of tight control of FB during the early ECMO period are now warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6. The Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia, matthieuschmidt@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: D James
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheinkestel
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilcher
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance