title: Diabetes education and care in a developing country: observations from Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the kind of care being received by a sample of middle income group subjects with diabetes in Karachi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raana Liaquat Ali Khan College of Home Economics, Karachi from January 2009 to September 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was collected from 105 type 2 diabetics through a structured, pre-tested, self administered questionnaire distributed in two colleges only to those students who had any adult onset diabetic in their family. SPSS version 16 was used for data entry and analysis (e.g., chi-square tests).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of diabetes was 8.9 years. Random blood sugar, blood pressure check and urine test for sugar were the most frequently performed tests. Many important diabetes related tests had not been performed even on subjects with duration of diabetes of 10 years or more such as HbA1c had never been performed for 74% of subjects in this class. Test for circulation had never been performed for 93% of subjects with 1 year's diabetes duration and for 62% of subjects with duration of 10 years or more. More than 90% subjects received information about diet and causes of diabetes; >70% had been informed about diabetes complications, foot care, dental care, self monitoring of blood glucose and testing sugar in urine and only 48% had been educated about insulin injections. Physician was the source of this information for more than 70% of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has explored insufficient clinical monitoring of diabetes complications and provision of casual diabetes education. These observations highlight the need for provision of appropriate diabetes education, both to health care team and professionals.
authors.affiliation: Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: m.adil.shaikh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Adil
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Food and Nutrition, Raana Liaquat Ali Khan College of Home Economics, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: rubina.hakeem@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hakeem
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Raana Liaquat Ali Khan College of Home Economics, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: humaasar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Farzana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asar
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: abdulhakeemshaikh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul Hakeem
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shaikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003906:Developing Countries; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Developing countries; Diabetes care; Diabetes education