title: IMA901 for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of new approaches to immunotherapy.
abstract: The promising option of immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma has evolved from rather unspecific approaches to a specific activation of an anti-tumor T-cell response. The latest step is a synthetic peptide vaccine called IMA901, which demonstrated a clear association between a provoked T-cell response and a prolonged overall survival. The results of IMA901 for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma are discussed together with new approaches to immunotherapy, such as local and systemic immunomodulation with adjuvants, checkpoint inhibitors, classical chemotherapeutics, such as cyclophosphamide or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The capability of theses substances to modulate leukocytes subsets, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Tregs or Th17 cells, are outlined together with the possibility to combine them with tumor vaccination strategies to achieve a higher cancer specificity and immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rausch
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kruck
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bedke
mesh_terms: D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C583867:IMA901 vaccine; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
keywords: CTLA-4; GM-CSF; IMA901; PD-1; cyclophosphamide; immune therapy; renal cell carcinoma; tumor microenvironment; tumor-associated antigen; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vaccination