title: Can early myocardial infarction-related deaths be diagnosed using postmortem urotensin receptor expression levels?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most prevalent causes of sudden adult death. It is difficult to diagnose early MI postmortem because there are no typical or characteristic changes in morphology. In this study, changes in the level of the mRNA for the urotensin receptor (UR) were investigated postmortem to determine the suitability of UR as a biomarker for diagnosis of early MI after death.
  
  
  METHODS
  An MI rat model was developed by injecting rats with isoproterenol (ISO) (lethal dose 850 mg/kg) or normal saline (control group). The hearts of rats in the control and ISO-induced MI groups were harvested at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h (h) postmortem. The hearts were then immediately submerged in 1 mL of RNA stabilization solution and stored at 4 °C for <1 week before RNA extraction. Relative UR expression analysis was performed using the StepOne Plus Real Time PCR System with cDNA synthesized from rat heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postmortem UR mRNA expression was higher in the ISO-induced MI group than in the control group, at both 4 and 20 °C, at all of the time points examined except 72 h postmortem (p < 0.0001). The largest increases were observed at ambient temperature and 6 h postmortem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our findings, increased postmortem UR expression could serve as a biomarker to aid diagnosis of early MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey, talipsener@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa Talip
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.forename: Zekai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.forename: Ahmet Nezih
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000379:methods; D007545:Isoproterenol; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C524900:Plaur protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D007545:Isoproterenol