title: Wolbachia translation initiation factor-1 is copiously expressed by the adult, microfilariae and infective larvae of Brugia malayi and competitively inhibited by tetracycline.
abstract: The intracellular alphaproteobacteria, Wolbachia, is considered to be a future antimacrofilarial drug target as it is obligatory for filarial endurance. Characterizing wolbachial proteins is necessary to understand wolbachial mechanisms and also for discovering new drug entities. Translation initiation factor-1 (Tl IF-1) is an indispensable prokaryotic factor concerned with bacterial viability. This factor is prioritized as one of the most potent antibacterial drug target. To investigate its role in filarial biology, recombinant Wol Tl IF-1 was purified on metal ion column. The factor was found folded in its monomeric native conformation, and contained a buried fluorophore. Molecular modeling revealed that the factor belonged to the Oligomer Binding family, and consisted of the highly conserved S1 domain with 81.6% of the amino acids occupying the allowed regions in Ramachandran plot. In addition, Wol Tl IF-1 exhibited selective binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which declined progressively with tetracycline addition. Tetracycline perturbs interaction of Thr18 and Asn32 of the factor with ribosomal protein S4. The factor was immune-localized in adult, microfilariae (Mf) and infective larvae (L3) of Brugia malayi by immunoblotting. High expression was also observed in Wolbachia within B. malayi Mf, L3 and female adult parasite along the gravid uteri by the confocal microscopy. Therefore, Wol Tl IF-1 appears to be an essential Wolbachia factor whose inhibition leads to extensive cell apoptosis and premature killing of adult worms, validating the antifilarial potential of the factor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Jeetendra Kumar
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.affiliation: Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, UP, India.
authors.forename: Chhedi lal
authors.initials: Cl
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, UP, India.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bajpai
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
authors.forename: Dhanvantri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chahar
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. Electronic address: shailja_cdri@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Shailja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misra-Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008958:Models, Molecular; D039861:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054680:Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D039861:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-1; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C031798:ribosomal protein S4; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: Brugia; Initiation factor; Protein–protein docking; Tetracycline; Translation; Wolbachia