title: Pattern of somatostatin receptors expression in normal and bladder cancer tissue samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Known risks factors for bladder cancer progression and recurrence are limited regarding their prognostic ability. Therefore identification of molecular determinants of disease progression could provide with more specific prognostic information and could be translated into new approaches for biomarker development. In the present study we evaluated, the expression patterns of somatostatin receptors 1-5 (SSTRs) in normal and tumor bladder tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of SSTR1-5 was characterized in 45 normal and bladder cancer tissue samples using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSTR1 was expressed in 24 samples, SSTR2 in 15, SSTR3 in 23, SSTR4 in 16 and SSTR5 in all but one sample. Bladder cancer tissue samples expressed lower levels of SSTR3. Co-expression of SSTRs was associated with superficial disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that there is expression of SSTR in normal and bladder cancer urothelium. Further studies are required to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic significance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Markos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karavitakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Msaouel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Michalopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistian University of Athens, Athens, Greece mkoutsil@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsilieris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C574734:SSTR2 protein, human; C103631:somatostatin receptor 3; C098681:somatostatin receptor subtype-4; C101130:somatostatin receptor type 1; C094573:somatostatin receptor 5
keywords: Bladder cancer; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; somatostatin receptors