title: Enhanced MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast response and bone formation on the addition of nano-needle and nano-porous features to microtopographical titanium surfaces.
abstract: Micro/nanotopographical modifications on titanium surfaces constitute a new process to increase osteoblast response to enhance bone formation. In this study, we utilized alkali heat treatment at high (SB-AH1) and low temperatures (SB-AH2) to nano-modify sandblasted titanium with microtopographical surfaces. Then, we evaluated the surface properties, biocompatibility and osteogenic capability of SB-AH1 and SB-AH2 in vitro and in vivo, and compared these with conventional sandblast-acid etching (SLA) and Ti control surfaces. SB-AH1 and SB-AH2 surfaces exhibited micro/nanotopographical modifications of nano-needle structures and nano-porous network layers, respectively, compared with the sole microtopographical surface of macro and micro pits on the SLA surface and the relatively smooth surface on the Ti control. SB-AH1 and SB-AH2 showed different roughness and elemental components, but similar wettability. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts anchored closely on the nanostructures of SB-AH1 and SB-AH2 surfaces, and these two surfaces more significantly enhanced cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than others, while the SB-AH2 surface exhibited better cell proliferation and higher ALP activity than SB-AH1. All four groups of titanium domes with self-tapping screws were implanted in rabbit calvarial bone models, and these indicated that SB-AH1 and SB-AH2 surfaces achieved better peri-implant bone formation and implant stability, while the SB-AH2 surface achieved the best percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC%). Our study demonstrated that the micro/nanotopographical surface generated by sandblasting and alkali heat treatment significantly enhanced preosteoblast proliferation, ALP activity and bone formation in vitro and in vivo, and nano-porous network topography may further induce better preosteoblast proliferation, ALP activity and BIC%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincal Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X-M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F-L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D014025:Titanium