title: Effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen and ozone applications in tissue healing in generated soft tissue trauma model in rats: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue trauma is a type of acute traumatic ischemia. We investigated in this study whether the edema, inflammation and ischemia caused by the trauma could be affected positively by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and ozone therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Soft tissue trauma was generated in a total of 63 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Subsequently, rats were divided into three groups. The first group was treated with ozone, the second group with HBO, and the third group served as controls. Tissue and blood samples were taken at the end of the procedures. Tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 levels were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the inflammation and edema histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We also detected HIF-1 activity, which decreases when the oxygen concentration increases, HO-1 activity, which has anti-inflammatory effects, and iNOS activity, which releases in any type of acute case. We determined a statistically significant reduction in iNOS and LPO levels in both the HBO and Ozone groups. A significant decrease in inflammation was detected in both the Ozone and HBO groups compared with the Control group, and a significant decrease in edema was detected in all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We think that HBO and Ozone therapy have beneficial effects on biochemical and histopathological findings. Related clinical trials will be helpful in clarifying the effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, GATA, Haydarpasa Military Hosital, İstanbul, Turkey. draliosmanyildirim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali Osman
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eryılmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hakkari Military Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf Emrah
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Eyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Salim Kemal
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, GATA, Haydarpasa Military Hosital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eroğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durusu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Elazığ Military Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dilmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, GATA, Haydarpaşa Military Hosital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilgiç
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, GATA School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serdar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004487:Edema / Q000628:therapy; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000628:therapy; D007511:Ischemia / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone