title: Material-induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is material-dependent.
abstract: Certain materials may mimic natural cartilage to provide an amenable cellular microenvironment for the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been demonstrated to be induced by collagen-based hydrogelsin vivo, but whether the induction is material-driven or self-differentiation has not been elucidated. In the present study, BMSCs were encapsulated in porous materials, namely, a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP), silk fibroin protein matrix (SFP) and collagen sponge (CS), to further study the chondrogenic effects of various materials. Diffusion chambers that allow the body fluid to permeate and deter the host cells from invasion were also loaded with the cell-scaffold constructs. Chambers containing the scaffold-BMSC composites were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsa of rabbits. The specimens in the chamber were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical analyses eight weeks after implantation. The results showed that no chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs occurred when the BMSCs were encapsulated in BCP, SFP and CS, indicating that chondrogenesis induced by materials is material-dependent and that these particular porous materials are not suitable for inducing chondrogenesis. However, the diffusion chamber was effective in preventing host immune rejection, host cell invasion and vascular invasion. The results are likely to serve as a valuable clinical reference when selecting an appropriate scaffold for cartilage repair.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Osteopathy Ward of The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongsong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xingdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic; chondrogenic differentiation; collagen sponge; mesenchymal stem cells; porous materials; silk fibroin protein matrix