title: Airway and systemic oxidant-antioxidant dysregulation in asthma: a possible scenario of oxidants spill over from lung into blood.
abstract: Asthma is characterized by repeated episodes of airway obstruction and an ongoing cycle of airway inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by inflammatory cells in the lung play a key role in the pathogenesis as well as amplification of inflammation in asthmatic airways. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are available in the lung and systemic circulation to counteract ROS-mediated damage on various biomolecules such as lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA; however during asthmatic inflammation these defenses are overwhelmed due to excessive production of ROS thereby leading to inflammatory events in the airways/systemic circulation. ROS-mediated damage may result in increased vascular permeability, mucus hypersecretion, smooth muscle contraction, epithelial shedding and impairment in the responsiveness of β-adrenergic receptors. Strategies aimed to boost the endogenous antioxidants either through dietary or pharmacological intervention to redress oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthma is the current area of research in many laboratories throughout the world. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the available literature on oxidative stress and antioxidants imbalance in asthma with a focus both on lung and blood components and bring forth correlations between lung/blood oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters and lung function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: anadeem@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alharbi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Antioxidant; Asthma; Blood; Inflammation; Lung; Oxidative stress