title: Self-efficacy moderates but collective efficacy mediates between motivational climate and athletes' well-being.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between perceived motivational climate and athletes' well-being may depend on personal resource factors such as self-efficacy beliefs which are expected to shield individuals from negative outcomes when environmental factors may not suffice to secure positive outcomes. We explored the roles of self-efficacy and collective efficacy by investigating whether they operated either as moderators or as mediators within this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1 was carried out among 56 athletes (basketball, volleyball, or soccer players), with a two-week follow-up, whereas Study 2 was conducted among 113 soccer players, with three measurement points (baseline, two-month follow-up, and nine-month follow-up). Their satisfaction with sport skills and performance served as an index of well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of Study 1 indicated that general self-efficacy moderated the relationship between task-oriented motivational climate and satisfaction. Task-oriented climate predicted satisfaction only among athletes with low self-efficacy. Study 2 showed that self-efficacy moderated the link between task-oriented motivational climate and satisfaction at nine-month follow-up. In contrast, collective efficacy at two-month follow-up mediated the relationship between perceived motivational climate at baseline and satisfaction at nine-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Athletes are at risk for lower well-being if they perceive a negative task-involving climate and if they harbor either low general self-efficacy or low personal-barrier self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blecharz
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luszczynska
authors.forename: Gershon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.forename: Urte
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cieslak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D001490:Basketball; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012916:Soccer; D054798:Volleyball; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: collective efficacy; motivational climate; performance satisfaction; self-efficacy; sport; well-being