title: Contamination of diuron in coastal waters around Malaysian Peninsular.
abstract: The use of antifouling paints to the boats and ships is one among the threats facing coastal resources including coral reefs in recent decades. This study reports the current contamination status of diuron and its behaviour in the coastal waters of Malaysia. The maximum concentration of diuron was 285 ng/L detected at Johor port. All samples from Redang and Bidong coral reef islands were contaminated with diuron. Temporal variation showed relatively high concentrations but no significant difference (P>0.05) during November and January (North-East monsoon) in Klang ports (North, South and West), while higher levels of diuron were detected during April, 2012 (Inter monsoon) in Kemaman, and Johor port. Although no site has shown concentration above maximum permissible concentration (430 ng/L) as restricted by the Dutch Authorities, however, long term exposure studies for environmental relevance levels of diuron around coastal areas should be given a priority in the future.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Tropical Research Centre for Oceanography, Environment and Natural Resources, The State University of Zanzibar, P.O. Box 146, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Electronic address: hassanrashidali@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hassan Rashid
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Marinah Mohd
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Arifin
authors.affiliation: Tropical Research Centre for Oceanography, Environment and Natural Resources, The State University of Zanzibar, P.O. Box 146, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Mohammed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Azhar Mohamed
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shazili
authors.affiliation: Tropical Research Centre for Oceanography, Environment and Natural Resources, The State University of Zanzibar, P.O. Box 146, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Said Suleiman
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bakari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zainudin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bachok
mesh_terms: D057894:Coral Reefs; D004237:Diuron / Q000032:analysis*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D008296:Malaysia; D010150:Paint; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012767:Ships; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004237:Diuron
keywords: Booster biocides; Coral reefs; Diuron; Malaysia; Marine resources; Ports