title: Under-use of radiotherapy in stage III bronchioaveolar lung cancer and socio-economic disparities in cause specific survival: a population study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End RESULTS (SEER) bronchioaveolar carcinoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Socio-economic, staging and treatment factors were assessed. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict cause specific survival. The area under the ROC was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate modeling errors. Risk of cause specific death was computed for the predictors for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7,309 patients included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 24.2 (20) months. Female patients outnumbered male ones 3:2. The mean (S.D.) age was 70.1 (10.6) years. Stage was the most predictive factor of outcome (ROC area of 0.76). After optimization, several strata were fused, with a comparable ROC area of 0.75. There was a 4% additional risk of death associated with lower county family income, African American race, rural residency and lower than 25% county college graduate. Radiotherapy had not been used in 2/3 of patients with stage III disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are socio-economic disparities in cause specific survival. Under-use of radiotherapy may have contributed to poor outcome. Improving education, access and rates of radiotherapy use may improve outcome.
authors.affiliation: New York Cyberknife Center, 40-20 Main Street, 4th floor, Flushing, NY 11354, USA E-mail : cheung.r100@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min Rex
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012372:ROC Curve; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012306:Risk; D018426:SEER Program; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors