title: Relationship between leptin and adiponectin concentrations in plasma and femoral and spinal bone mineral density in spinal cord-injured individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, the associations between leptin and adiponectin levels with bone mineral density (BMD) have been reported in different populations, and occasionally, controversial results have been demonstrated. Until now, these relationships in spinal cord-injured individuals have not yet been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tried to investigate the correlation between leptin and adiponectin concentrations in plasma and BMD in Iranian patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referred patients with SCI who did not meet our exclusion criteria such as pregnancy, lactation, amputation, history of diabetes, cancer, endocrinology disease, and use of special medications entered the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone mineral density of femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric zone, total hip, and lumbar vertebrae assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum leptin and adiponectin levels measured by blood sample analysis using immunoassay techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient demographic characteristics were measured during face-to-face visits. Injury level and Spinal cord Injury Association (ASIA) score were assessed by clinical examination and were confirmed by imaging aids. Measured levels of leptin and adiponectin and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results were analyzed with partial correlation analysis method after adjustment for weight, body mass index (BMI), and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total of 104 patients (19 females and 85 males) entered this investigation. Higher leptin concentration was significantly associated with higher BMD in femoral neck (p=.006, r=0.73), femoral intertrochanteric zone (p=.001, r=0.83), and hip (p=.001, r=0.81) only in female patients, whereas no such association was detected in male participants after adjusting for BMI and age. Leptin and adiponectin levels were not associated with lumbar spine BMD in both genders. Neither injury level nor ASIA score and plegia type (paraplegia or tetraplegia) influenced on leptin and adiponectin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no association between leptin concentration and BMD in male individuals, whereas a positive correlation between leptin and BMD of femoral neck, intertrochanter, and hip was observed in female patients that shows a sexual polymorphism in this relationship. However, by considering the low number of female participants, these results should be interpreted cautiously. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with neither leptin nor adiponectin level in both genders.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sabour
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norouzi Javidan
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Latifi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shidfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vafa
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed-Hassan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Emami Razavi
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St, North Karegar, Tehran 14579-65597, Iran. Electronic address: rheshmat@razi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heshmat
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Adiponectin; Bone mineral density; Femur; Leptin; Spinal cord injury; Spine