title: Sounding the death knell for microbes?
abstract: Over the past 5 years, several studies showed that ultrasound, which is sound with a frequency>20 kHz, is able to kill bacteria by activating molecules termed sonosensitizers (SS) to produce reactive oxygen species, which are toxic to microbes. It is our opinion that this work opens up the potential for the development of a novel form of ultrasound-mediated antimicrobial therapy. Termed sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (SACT), we define this therapy as a regime where a SS is selectively delivered to target microbial cells and activated by ultrasound to induce the death of those microbial cells. Here, we review recent work on SACT, current understanding of its mechanisms, and future prospects for SACT as a therapeutically viable antimicrobial regime.
authors.affiliation: School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.affiliation: Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK. Electronic address: phoenixd@lsbu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Phoenix
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: bacteria; reactive oxygen species; sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy; sonoluminescence; sonosensitizer; ultrasound