title: Radiosynthesis of 3-indolyl[1-¹¹C]acetic acid for phyto-PET-imaging: an improved production procedure and formulation method.
abstract: An improved production procedure and formulation method for the carbon-11 radiolabeled phytohormone, 3-indolyl-[l-(11)C]acetic acid ([(11)C]IAA), was developed by modifying selected original reaction parameters. This updated procedure both doubled the yield (from 25.9±6.7% (n=12) to 61.0±0.3% (n=10)) and increased the concentration (0.2-0.4 GBq/0.15-0.3 mL), enabling us to provide the radiotracer [(11)C]IAA suitable for in vivo phyto-PET-imaging studies. The specific activity was improved by more than a factor of three (26.7±5.6 GBq/µmol to 82.5±36.1 GBq/µmol). The total synthesis time for both production and formulation was 81.8±3.0 min (n=10). In addition, a streamlined semi-remote controlled production system, containing five processing modules, was designed and built for routine [(11)C]IAA production. This integrated system facilitated routine high radiation level production of [(11)C]IAA while minimizing radiation exposure to the production chemists.
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: youwen@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Youwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: alexoff@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Alexoff
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: akunert@students.uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Anna T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kunert
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: wqu@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: dohkim@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Dohyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: m.paven@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paven
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: bbabst@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Babst
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: ferrieri@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ferrieri
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: mschueller@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schueller
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Electronic address: fowler@bnl.gov.
authors.forename: Joanna S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation / Q000379:methods; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C030737:indoleacetic acid
keywords: 3-Indolyl[1-(11)C]acetic acid; Formulation; Phyto-PET-imaging; Radiochemical yield; Specific activity