title: Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy.
abstract: Temporal profile distortions reduce excitation efficiency and image quality in temporal focusing-based multiphoton microscopy. In order to compensate the distortions, a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system (AOS) was integrated into the microscope. The feedback control signal of the AOS was acquired from local image intensity maximization via a hill-climbing algorithm. The control signal was then utilized to drive a deformable mirror in such a way as to eliminate the distortions. With the AOS correction, not only is the axial excitation symmetrically refocused, but the axial resolution with full two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) intensity is also maintained. Hence, the contrast of the TPEF image of a R6G-doped PMMA thin film is enhanced along with a 3.7-fold increase in intensity. Furthermore, the TPEF image quality of 1μm fluorescent beads sealed in agarose gel at different depths is improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chung
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yvonne Yuling
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keng-Chi
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Material & Electro-Optics Research Division, Chung-Shan Institute of Science Technology, Tao-Yuan 325, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan ; cydong@phys.ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chen Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan ; Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan ; Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shean-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: (110.1080) Active or adaptive optics; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (180.4315) Nonlinear microscopy