title: Impact of age and metabolic syndrome on the adipokine profile in childhood and adult obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity triggers an inflammatory response characterized by elevated circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines that predisposes to T2DM and cardiovascular disease. The objective of our study was to determine a potential association of adipokine plasma profile and the presence of a MetS in obese children and adolescents compared to adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined serum levels of the adipokines soluble CD163 (sCD163), fetuin-A, osteopontin (OPN) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) in 30 pediatric and 36 adult obese patients in a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of all tested adipokines except sCD163 were significantly elevated in the pediatric cohort compared to adults. Patients with MetS showed increased serum levels of sCD163, fetuin-A and IL-1 Ra levels compared to those without MetS. Fetuin-A and sCD163 remained significantly elevated by MetS within the juvenile group and borderline significant in the adults when tested separately. In the pediatric cohort we found correlations between sCD163 and fetuin-A as well as OPN and IL-1 Ra whereas correlations of sCD163 and both fetuin-A and IL-1 Ra were found in the adult group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that adipokine profiles related to the presence of MetS significantly differ between pediatric and adult patients which may point to different underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weghuber
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Research, Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-associated Risk Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mangge
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hochbrugger
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Stulnig
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines