title: Fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics in soil.
abstract: Large amounts of veterinary antibiotics are applied worldwide to farm animals and reach agricultural fields by manure fertilization, where they might lead to an increased abundance and transferability of antibiotic-resistance determinants. In this review we discuss recent advances, limitations, and research needs in determining the fate of veterinary antibiotics and resistant bacteria applied with manure to soil, and their effects on the structure and function of soil microbial communities in bulk soils and the rhizosphere. The increased abundance and mobilization of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) might contribute to the emergence of multi-resistant human pathogens that increasingly threaten the successful antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jechalke
authors.affiliation: Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heuer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siemens
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Wulf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Amelung
authors.affiliation: Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany. Electronic address: kornelia.smalla@jki.bund.de.
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smalla
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008372:Manure; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: antibiotic-resistance genes; horizontal gene transfer; rhizosphere