title: Assessment of combined electro-nanoremediation of molinate contaminated soil.
abstract: Molinate is a pesticide widely used, both in space and time, for weed control in rice paddies. Due to its water solubility and affinity to organic matter, it is a contaminant of concern in ground and surface waters, soils and sediments. Previous works have showed that molinate can be removed from soils through electrokinetic (EK) remediation. In this work, molinate degradation by zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) was tested in soils for the first time. Soil is a highly complex matrix, and pollutant partitioning between soil and water and its degradation rates in different matrices is quite challenging. A system combining nZVI and EK was also set up in order to study the nanoparticles and molinate transport, as well as molinate degradation. Results showed that molinate could be degraded by nZVI in soils, even though the process is more time demanding and degradation percentages are lower than in an aqueous solution. This shows the importance of testing contaminant degradation, not only in aqueous solutions, but also in the soil-sorbed fraction. It was also found that soil type was the most significant factor influencing iron and molinate transport. The main advantage of the simultaneous use of both methods is the molinate degradation instead of its accumulation in the catholyte.
authors.affiliation: CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: hrg@campus.fct.unl.pt.
authors.forename: Helena I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSCAS), East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Guangping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eduardo P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.affiliation: CERNAS - Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dias-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D001381:Azepines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C009821:molinate; D007501:Iron
keywords: Contaminated soil; Electrokinetics; Herbicide; Nanoremediation; Zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI)