title: Are bladder neoplasms more aggresive in patients with a smoking-related second malignancy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relationships between smoking and bladder neoplasms, one of the common malignancies, are well-known. Different smoking-related malignancies may occur together. In this study, we evaluated the stage and grade of bladder neoplasms in patients also featuring lung or larynx cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2006 to February 2012, patients who underwent surgery for bladder neoplasms in our clinic were screened retrospectively. In the evaluation, 5 patients had larynx cancer and 20 patients have lung cancer in addition, all having been smoking for a long time. The bladder tumor stage and grade were investigated in these 25 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 66.8 (49-78). In the evaulation, all of 5 patients who had larnyx cancer also had high grade urothelial cancer. One had T2 urothelial, and 3 T1 urothelial cancer. In the same way, all of the 20 patients with lung cancer also have high grade urothelial cancer, three T2, and 13 T1. Bladder cancer stage and grade were determined to be significantly increased in patients with concomitant bladder and lung or larynx cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the patients who have smoking releated second malignancy, bladder cancer prognosis appears more aggressive. We now need a larger series and multi-center studies for understanding relevant pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail : alperotunctemur@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otunctemur
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koklu
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Besiroglu
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkoc
authors.forename: Eyyup
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.forename: Muammer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000009:adverse effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology