title: Fractalkine levels are elevated early after PCI-treated ST-elevation myocardial infarction; no influence of autologous bone marrow derived stem cell injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine associated with atherosclerosis and inflammation. There is limited knowledge of fractalkine levels during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stem cell treatment. We aimed to investigate the time profile of circulating fractalkine and gene expression of its receptor CX3CR1 during AMI, and the influence of intracoronary autologous bone marrow stem cell (mBMC) transplantation (given 6 days after AMI) on fractalkine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined fractalkine levels at different time points by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 20 patients with AMI, and 10 patients with stable angina pectoris (AP) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and in 100 patients included in the randomized Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ASTAMI) trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AMI had significantly elevated levels 3- and 12 h after PCI compared to patients with stable AP. After 12 h levels were similar in the two groups. An inverse pattern was observed in gene expression levels. No correlation between fractalkine levels and myocardial injury or infarct size was seen. We could not demonstrate any influence of autologous mBMC transplantation on fractalkine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractalkine levels are elevated the first 12 h after PCI in patients with AMI, however, not correlated to infarct size. The inverse pattern in gene expression of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) might be a compensatory mechanism. No effect of autologous mBMC transplantation given 6 days after AMI on fractalkine levels was observed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: i.u.njerve@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Ida Unhammer
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Njerve
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ketil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lunde
authors.affiliation: Section for Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingebjørg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seljeflot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells (mBMC); CX3CR1; Fractalkine