title: Comparison of nephron-protective effects of enalapril and GLP analogues (exenatide) in diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the major concerns is a nephropathy in diabetes, which applies many different kinds of medicines. However, required level of the treatment of renal disease has not been achieved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and compare the effect of the enalapril and the exenatide on diabetic nephropathy in rats developed diabetes by streptozosin.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) Control, (2) Diabetic (DM), (3) DM+ Enalapril, and (4) DM+ exenatide groups. Then, the animals were euthanized and their blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for blood glucose; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinin, and nephrectomy were performed for histopathologic examination, and urine samples were taken on stick for proteinuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of the enalapril or the exenatide in diabetic rats resulted in a significant reduction both fibronectin, induced nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) expression in glomerular area and urine protein levels. It was shown that both of enalapril and exenatide protected the renal glomerulus more than diabetic group in the nephropathy histopathologically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial effects of enalapril and exenatide which reduces fibronectin, i-NOS expression and urine protein levels or increases recovery of glomerules, might be used for preventing the harmful effects of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege -University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Çavusoglu
authors.affiliation: Medicine Faculty, Department of Physiology, University of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medicalpark Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medicalpark Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Acikgoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sifa University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Tuglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege -University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ates
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077270:Exenatide; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009399:Nephrons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D004656:Enalapril; D000077270:Exenatide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat