title: Assessment of anthropometric indices among residents of Calabar, South-East Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus which may be addressed by application of intensive lifestyle interventions. Thus, establishing normative values of anthropometric indices in our environment is crucial. This study aimed to determine normative values of anthropometric indices of nutrition among residents of Calabar.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional observational study recruited residents of Calabar aged between 15-79 years using a multistage sampling method. Trained research assistants collected socio-demographic data and did anthropometric measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 645 (56.5%) males and 489 (43.1%) females. Males had significantly lower general adiposity and hip circumference (HC) than females while females had significantly lower waist circumference (WC) and waist hip ratio (WHR) than males. The WHR increased with age particularly among males. Body mass index (BMI) also increased with age in both males and females with a peak in the middle age bracket, followed by a decline among the elderly. The mean (SD) BMI was 27.7 (5.0) kg/m(2). Males had a mean (SD) BMI of 27.0 (4.4) kg/m(2), while females had a mean (SD) BMI of 28.5 (5.5) kg/m(2) respectively. WC correlated positively and significantly with BMI and WHR in males and females. WHR correlated positively and significantly with BMI in males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are positive linear inter relationships between the indices of nutrition which is strongest between WC and BMI. In view of the strong independent association of DM with indices of nutrition, it is appropriate to derive normal cut-off values for WC, WHR and BMI nationally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Enang Ofem
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Egbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Otu Akaninyene
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Asuquo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Essien Okon
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ekwere
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Fasanmade
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olufemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ohwovoriole
keywords: Anthropometric indices; Calabar; body mass index; dysglycaemia; normative values