title: Skeletal myogenic differentiation of human urine-derived cells as a potential source for skeletal muscle regeneration.
abstract: Stem cells are regarded as possible cell therapy candidates for skeletal muscle regeneration. However, invasive harvesting of those cells can cause potential harvest-site morbidity. The goal of this study was to assess whether human urine-derived stem cells (USCs), obtained through non-invasive procedures, can differentiate into skeletal muscle linage cells (Sk-MCs) and potentially be used for skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study, USCs were harvested from six healthy individuals aged 25-55. Expression profiles of cell-surface markers were assessed by flow cytometry. To optimize the myogenic differentiation medium, we selected two from four different types of myogenic differentiation media to induce the USCs. Differentiated USCs were identified with myogenic markers by gene and protein expression. USCs were implanted into the tibialis anterior muscles of nude mice for 1 month. The results showed that USCs displayed surface markers with positive staining for CD24, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD117, CD133, CD146, SSEA-4 and STRO-1, and negative staining for CD14, CD31, CD34 and CD45. After myogenic differentiation, a change in morphology was observed from 'rice-grain'-like cells to spindle-shaped cells. The USCs expressed specific Sk-MC transcripts and protein markers (myf5, myoD, myosin, and desmin) after being induced with different myogenic culture media. Implanted cells expressed Sk-MC markers stably in vivo. Our findings suggest that USCs are able to differentiate into the Sk-MC lineage in vitro and after being implanted in vivo. Thus, they might be a potential source for cell injection therapy in the use of skeletal muscle regeneration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.|Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.|Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Minkai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.|Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Shantaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.|Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.|Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lujie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atala
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA
keywords: cell therapy; differentiation; myogenic regeneration; stem cells; tissue engineering; urine-derived stem cells