title: Mechanomyogram amplitude correlates with human gastrocnemius medialis muscle and tendon stiffness both before and after acute passive stretching.
abstract: The study aimed to assess the level of correlation between muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness and mechanomyogram (MMG) signal amplitude of the human gastrocnemius medialis muscle, both before and after acute passive stretching. The passive torque (Tpass), electrically evoked peak torque (pT) and myotendinous junction displacement were determined at different angles of dorsiflexion (0, 10 and 20 deg), while maximum voluntary isometric torque (Tmax) was assessed only at 0 deg. Measurements were repeated after a bout of passive stretching. From the MMG signal, the root mean square (RMS) and peak to peak (p-p) were calculated. The MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness were determined by ultrasound and Tpass measurements. Before stretching, correlations between MMG RMS and MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness were found (R(2) = 0.22-0.46). After stretching, Tpass, Tmax, pT and MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness decreased by 25 ± 7, 16 ± 2, 9 ± 2, 22 ± 7, 23 ± 8 and 28 ± 5%, respectively (P < 0.05). During voluntary and electrically evoked contractions, MMG p-p decreased by 9 ± 2 and 5 ± 1%, while MMG RMS increased by 48 ± 7 and 50 ± 8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Correlations between MMG RMS and MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness were still present after stretching (R(2) = 0.44-0.60). In conclusion, correlations between MMG RMS and stiffness exist both before and after stretching, suggesting that a slacker MTU leads to larger muscle fibre oscillations. However, care must be taken in using MMG amplitude as an indirect index to estimate stiffness owing to the relatively small R(2) values of the investigated correlations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cè
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy Center of Sport Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rampichini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Limonta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy fabio.esposito@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult