title: A cresyl violet-based fluorescent off-on probe for the detection and imaging of hypoxia and nitroreductase in living organisms.
abstract: A new cresyl violet-based fluorescent off-on probe has been developed through a one-step synthesis for the detection of nitroreductase (NTR) and hypoxia. The detection mechanism is based on the NTR-catalyzed reduction of the probe to cresyl violet, accompanied with a large fluorescence enhancement at a long wavelength of 625 nm. The probe can detect NTR in aqueous solution with high selectivity and sensitivity, and the detection limit is 1 ng mL(-1) NTR. Most importantly, the probe has been successfully used to image not only NTR and hypoxia in living cells, but also the distribution of NTR in zebrafish in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China).
authors.forename: Qiong-Qiong
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Xing-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xin-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Su-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Qiu-Yu
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009601:Nitroreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D048588:Benzoxazines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C028911:cresyl violet; D009601:Nitroreductases
keywords: amines; fluorescence imaging; fluorescent probe; hypoxic tumor cells; reduction