title: Luminescent threat: toxicity of light stick attractors used in pelagic fishery.
abstract: Light sticks (LS) are sources of chemiluminescence commonly used in pelagic fishery, where hundreds are discarded and reach the shores. Residents from fishing villages report an improper use of LS contents on the skin. Given the scarce information regarding LS toxicity, the effects of LS solutions in cell cultures were evaluated herein. Loss of viability, cell cycle changes and DNA fragmentation were observed in HepG2 cell line and skin fibroblasts. A non-cytotoxic LS concentration increased the occurrence of the mutagenic lesion 1,N(6)-εdAdo in HepG2 DNA by three-fold. Additionally, in vitro incubations of spent LS contents with DNA generated dGuo-LS adducts, whose structure elucidation revealed the presence of a reactive chlorinated product. In conclusion, the LS contents were found to be highly cyto- and genotoxic. Our data indicate an urgent need for LS waste management guidelines and for adequate information regarding toxic outcomes that may arise from human exposure.
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil [2].
authors.forename: Tiago Franco
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil [2].
authors.forename: Amanda Lucila Medeiros
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagattini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Anax Falcão
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa Helena Gennari
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Mascio
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan Pérsio
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: de Arruda Campos
authors.affiliation: Global Garbage, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabiano Prado
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Barretto
authors.affiliation: 1] Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil [2] Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Etelvino José Henriques
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula de Melo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Loureiro
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005398:Fisheries / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D049449:Luminescence; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D018736:DNA Adducts; D009153:Mutagens; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010070:Oxalates; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C024629:dimethyl phthalate; C036521:bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; C046961:9,10-diphenylanthracene