title: Antioxidants and human diseases.
abstract: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that includes hydrogen peroxide, hyphochlorus acid, superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, lipid peroxides, hypochlorite and hydroxyl radical are involved in growth, differentiation, progression and death of the cell. They can react with membrane lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes and other small molecules. Low concentrations of ROS has an indispensable role in intracellular signalling and defence against pathogens, while, higher amounts of ROS play a role in number of human diseases, including arthritis, cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemia, failures in immunity and endocrine functions. Antioxidants presumably act as safeguard against the accumulation of ROS and their elimination from the system. The aim of this review is to highlight advances in understanding of the ROS and also to summarize the detailed impact and involvement of antioxidants in selected human diseases.
authors.affiliation: NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan.
authors.forename: Peramaiyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.affiliation: Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
authors.forename: Natarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nandakumar
authors.affiliation: NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan.
authors.forename: Thamaraiselvan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rengarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Zoology and Biotechnology, Vivekananda College (A Gurukula Institute of Life Training), Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Thiruvedakam West, Madurai 625234, India.
authors.forename: Rajendran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palaniswami
authors.affiliation: Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Edwinoliver Nesamony
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Gnanadhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Uppalapati
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lakshminarasaiah
authors.affiliation: Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Oncology Department Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gopas
authors.affiliation: NPO-International Laboratory of Biochemistry, 1-166, Uchide, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0926, Japan. Electronic address: nishigaki@se.starcat.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004194:Disease; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Antioxidant; Cancer; Diabetes; Oxidative stress