title: The walking environment in Lima, Peru and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions: an exploratory analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pedestrians comprise 78% of the road fatalities in Peru. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the walking environment and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A matched case-control study was used to detect the odds of a pedestrian-motor vehicle collision at a pedestrian crossing location. Data were collected from 11 sampled police commissaries in Lima, Peru.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariable model adjusting for vehicle and pedestrian flow, pedestrian collisions were less likely in the presence of a curb and sidewalk on both roadway sides (odds ratio [OR] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.33) or a pedestrian barricade (OR = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.01-0.81). There was a greater risk of collisions for each street vendor present (OR = 2.82, 95% CI, 1.59-5.00) or whether any parked vehicles (OR = 3.67, 95% CI, 1.18-11.4) were present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving or addressing these potentially modifiable features of the walking environment could improve pedestrian safety in Lima and in similar urban settings in low- and middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: a Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington.
authors.forename: D Alex
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Quistberg
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Koepsell
authors.forename: J Jaime
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ng Boyle
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ebel
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010568:Peru; D016495:Police; D011996:Records; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: Peru; built environment; less motorized countries; matched case-control study; pedestrian injury