title: Enantioseparation of benzofurys and other novel psychoactive compounds by CE and sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector added to the BGE.
abstract: The illicit drug market of psychoactive substances for human abuse is continuously expanding and developing. Besides already known substance classes like cathinones, amphetamines or synthetic cannabinoids, further derivatives such as benzofurys, thiophenes, and structural analogues of methylphenidate entered the global market recently. As many of these new compounds contain a stereogenic centre it is supposed that their isomers may differ in their pharmacological effects as it is the case with amphetamines or several chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients, for instance. In the course of this study, a method for the chiral separation of a set of 16 recreational drugs by CE was developed. The aim was to separate the analytes into their enantiomers at equal conditions within short time. Sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin served as chiral selector in an aqueous ammonium acetate solution containing ACN. For method optimization, methedrone and ethylphenidate were used as model compounds to find the appropriate concentration of chiral selector. Moreover, the influence of the pH value on enantioseparation was tested. Fourteen or 16 mM sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin, 50 mM ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.5) with 10% ACN were found to be optimal for enantioseparation of seven benzofurys, four cathinones, two diphenidines, ethylphenidate, methiopropamine, and thiothinone. Most of them were baseline resolved at migration times below 25 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taschwer
authors.forename: Manfred G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011437:Propylamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D001572:Benzofurans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011437:Propylamines; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D008774:Methylphenidate; C587038:6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; C093196:SBE4-beta-cyclodextrin; C042400:ethylphenidate; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Benzofury; CE; Chiral separation; Legal highs; Sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin