title: High proportion of CD5+ B cells in infants predicts development of allergic disease.
abstract: Delayed maturation of the immune system has been proposed to be a risk factor for development of allergy, but B cell maturation in relation to allergic disease has not been examined. B cells lose CD5 and acquire CD27 during maturation from immature via mature/naive to Ig-secreting cells and memory cells. We sought to investigate B cell maturation in relation to development of allergic disease and sensitization in the FARMFLORA birth cohort including 65 Swedish children. Total B cell numbers, proportions of CD5(+) and CD27(+) B cells, and levels of IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE were measured in blood on repeated occasions from birth to 36 mo of age, and related to allergic disease and sensitization at 18 and 36 mo of age with multivariate discriminant analysis. We also compared the expression of CD24 and CD38 within CD5(+) and CD5(neg) B cells in children and in adults. We found that infants with a high proportion of CD5(+) B cells at birth and at 1 mo of age had an increased risk for having allergic disease at 18 and 36 mo of life. Further, the proportions of CD5(+) B cells at 1 mo of age were inversely correlated with total IgG levels at 18 and 36 mo of age. The majority of the CD5(+) B cells were of a CD24(hi/+)CD38(hi/+) immature/naive phenotype at birth (97%), 7 y of age (95%), and in adults (86%). These results suggest that development of allergic disease is preceded by an immaturity in neonatal B cell phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden; anna-carin.lundell@rheuma.gu.se.
authors.forename: Anna-Carin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lundell
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinic, Skaraborg Hospital, Lidköping, Lidköping 531 85, Sweden;
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden; and.
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adlerberth
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden; and.
authors.forename: Agnes E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wold
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 416 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hesselmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden;
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudin
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018956:CD5 Antigens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051927:CD24 Antigen; D018956:CD5 Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1