title: Generation of 1:1 Carbamazepine:Nicotinamide cocrystals by spray drying.
abstract: The present study investigates the potential of spray drying as a technique for generation of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Carbamazepine-Nicotinamide cocrystal (CNC) was chosen as model cocrystal system for this study. Firstly, CNC was generated using liquid assisted grinding and used for generation of phase solubility diagram (PSD) and ternary phase diagram (TPD). Both PSD and TPD were carefully evaluated for phase behavior of CNC when equilibrated with solvent. The undersaturated region with respect to CNC, as depicted by TPD, was selected as target region to initiate cocrystallization experiments. Various points in this region, representative of different compositions of Carbamazepine, Nicotinamide and CNC, were selected and spray drying was carried out. The spray dried product was characterized for solid state properties and was compared with CNC generated by liquid assisted grinding. Spray drying successfully generated CNC of similar quality as those generated by liquid assisted grinding. Moreover, there was no significant impact of process variables on formation of CNC. Spray drying, owing to its simplicity and industrial scalability, can be a promising method for large scale cocrystal generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
authors.forename: Shashank P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
authors.forename: Sameer R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India. Electronic address: akbansal@niper.ac.in.
authors.forename: Arvind K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D003890:Desiccation; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D012995:Solubility; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D009536:Niacinamide; D002220:Carbamazepine
keywords: Carbamazepine; Cocrystal; Liquid assisted grinding; Phase solubility diagram; Spray drying; Ternary phase diagram