title: Management of peri-implant disease: a current appraisal.
abstract: While the clinical science of managing peri-implant diseases is progressing, careful monitoring and preventive care of peri-implant tissue health during maintenance is paramount.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Implants have become a routine treatment option for missing dentition. The biological complications of restored dental implants and associated supra-structures share similarities with the biofilm infections of natural dentition. Our existing paradigms of periodontal disease treatment can partially be applied to management of peri-implant disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A critical analysis of the peri-implant disease literature was conducted, anchored by a search on the MEDLINE database (2005 to present) by way of Ovid Medline(®). Search terms peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implant diseases were utilized. Select references within bibliographies of review articles were sought.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dental team must play a critical role in educating patients to control plaque-biofilm associated with peri-implant tissues and associated restorations. Routine assessments at maintenance appointments allow early treatment intervention to prevent escalation of peri-implant disease. Given the infancy of clinical science surrounding peri-implantitis treatment, further, high-quality evidence based studies are expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Oksana P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Mishler
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: hshiau@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Harlan J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shiau
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Peri-implantitis; peri-implant