title: Enhanced proliferation in colorectal epithelium of patients with type 2 diabetes correlates with β-catenin accumulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  β-Catenin accumulation promotes proliferation. However, the correlation between proliferation of colorectal epithelium and β-catenin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colorectal epithelium samples from distal ends of colorectal adenocarcinomas without histological aberrances were divided into two groups: DM patients with type 2 DM for more than 1year (n=27) and non-DM patients without hyperglycemia (n=20). Samples from patients without colorectal epithelial disease or hyperglycemia served as a control group (n=6). Proliferative index was calculated as the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was assessed immunohistochemically and phosphorylation of β-catenin was assessed by immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the non-DM or control group, the proliferative index and expression of lactate dehydrogenase A and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were significantly higher in the DM group (all p<0.01). The proliferative index correlated positively with β-catenin expression (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.55; p<0.01). Reduced phosphorylation at serine 33/37 and increased phosphorylation at serine 675 of β-catenin were detected in the DM group (all p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced proliferation, accompanied by increased aerobic glycolysis, was detected in colorectal epithelium of patients with diabetes. β-Catenin accumulation with altered phosphorylation correlated with the proliferative changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guang-Cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: qikuichen@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qi-Kui
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000080864:Lactate Dehydrogenase 5; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D007527:Isoenzymes; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D051176:beta Catenin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000080864:Lactate Dehydrogenase 5
keywords: Colorectal epithelium; Diabetes; Phosphorylation; Proliferation; β-Catenin