title: A population-based study of associations between preeclampsia and later cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women with a history of preeclampsia are at increased lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease. Their offspring may carry similar risks. The aim was to study cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors 11 years after the delivery among women who were diagnosed with mild, moderate, or severe preeclampsia, and their offspring, compared with women without preeclampsia and their offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a follow-up 11 years after a nested case-control study at birth, we studied 611 mother-offspring dyads, including 228 dyads with preeclampsia in the index pregnancy and 383 dyads without preeclampsia. Cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles were assessed by serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol), insulin-related factors (glucose, insulin, and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance) and blood pressure in mothers and children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among mothers with mild or moderate preeclampsia, levels of glucose, insulin, and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance were higher than in the nonpreeclampsia group and also higher compared with mothers with severe preeclampsia (all P < .05). HDL cholesterol was lower in mothers with mild or moderate preeclampsia (all P < .05), but other lipids did not substantially differ between the groups. Body mass index and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) were also higher in the mild and moderate preeclampsia group compared with mothers without preeclampsia (all P < .05). Among the offspring, we found no clear differences in any blood analytes between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with a previous diagnosis of mild or moderate, but not severe, preeclampsia may have an adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile 11 years after the delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: ingvild.vatten.alsnes@sus.no.
authors.forename: Ingvild V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Alsnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Vatten
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Økland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk factors; epidemiology; insulin resistance; preeclampsia