title: Colonic immune suppression, barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis by gastrointestinal bacillus anthracis Infection.
abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax results from the ingestion of Bacillus anthracis. Herein, we investigated the pathogenesis of GI anthrax in animals orally infected with toxigenic non-encapsulated B. anthracis Sterne strain (pXO1+ pXO2-) spores that resulted in rapid animal death. B. anthracis Sterne induced significant breakdown of intestinal barrier function and led to gut dysbiosis, resulting in systemic dissemination of not only B. anthracis, but also of commensals. Disease progression significantly correlated with the deterioration of innate and T cell functions. Our studies provide critical immunologic and physiologic insights into the pathogenesis of GI anthrax infection, whereupon cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in immune cells may play a central role in promoting dysfunctional immune responses against this deadly pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yaíma L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bikash
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadeh
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sam X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamadzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000276:immunology*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases