title: Analysis by high throughput sequencing of Specific Pathogen Free eggs.
abstract: Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) embryonated eggs are used for the production of many veterinary and human vaccines. We have used High Throughput Sequencing to screen allantoic fluids and embryos for the presence of encapsidated viral genomes and viral transcripts, respectively. SPF eggs from two different producers were tested. We evidenced sequences corresponding to known endogenous retroviruses and sequences of Avian Leukosis Virus, but no sequence that might suggest a productive infection of eggs with a virus even distant from known viruses. Our results strongly suggest that SPF eggs such as those used for this study represent a safe substrate for the production of vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Department of Virology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Léa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagnieur
authors.affiliation: PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheval
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cochet
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Breard
authors.affiliation: PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gratigny
authors.affiliation: PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.affiliation: PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muth
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viarouge
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Department of Virology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumarest
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coulpier
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery, Department of Virology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris, France; PathoQuest, Bâtiment François Jacob, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie ENVA, INRA, ANSES, 7 Avenue Général de Gaulle, F-94704 Maisons Alfort, France. Electronic address: marc.eloit@pasteur.fr.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eloit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000235:genetics; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000821:virology*; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000235:genetics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014612:Vaccines / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Chicken; Egg; High throughput sequencing; Specific Pathogen Free; Vaccines; Virus safety