title: Highlighting the ratio of sodium to potassium in population-level dietary assessments: cross-sectional data from New York City, USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To contrast mean values of Na:K with Na and K mean intakes by demographic factors, and to calculate the prevalence of New York City (NYC) adults meeting the WHO guideline for optimal Na:K (<1 mmol/mmol, i.e. <0·59 mg/mg) using 24 h urinary values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the 2010 Community Health Survey Heart Follow-Up Study, a population-based, representative study including data from 24 h urine collections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were interviewed using a dual-frame sample design consisting of random-digit dial telephone exchanges that cover NYC. Data were weighted to be representative of NYC adults as a whole.
  
  
  METHODS
  The final sample of 1656 adults provided 24 h urine collections and self-reported health data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean Na:K in NYC adults was 1·7 mg/mg. Elevated Na:K was observed in young, minority, low-education and high-poverty adults. Only 5·2 % of NYC adults had Na:K in the optimal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Na intake is high and K intake is low in NYC adults, leading to high Na:K. Na:K is a useful marker and its inclusion for nutrition surveillance in populations, in addition to Na and K intakes, is indicated.
authors.affiliation: 1New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control,2 Gotham Center,42-09 28th Street,9th Floor,CN-46,Long Island City,NY 11101,USA.
authors.forename: Stella S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: 1New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control,2 Gotham Center,42-09 28th Street,9th Floor,CN-46,Long Island City,NY 11101,USA.
authors.forename: Christine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: 1New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control,2 Gotham Center,42-09 28th Street,9th Floor,CN-46,Long Island City,NY 11101,USA.
authors.forename: Sonia Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Angell
authors.affiliation: 2University of California,San Diego School of Medicine,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine,La Jolla,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl Am
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: 3Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health,New York,NY,USA.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 1New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control,2 Gotham Center,42-09 28th Street,9th Floor,CN-46,Long Island City,NY 11101,USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kansagra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009519:New York City; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000032:analysis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000032:analysis*; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary