title: The membrane proteome of Medicago truncatula roots displays qualitative and quantitative changes in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis that associates roots of most land plants with soil-borne fungi (Glomeromycota), is characterized by reciprocal nutritional benefits. Fungal colonization of plant roots induces massive changes in cortical cells where the fungus differentiates an arbuscule, which drives proliferation of the plasma membrane. Despite the recognized importance of membrane proteins in sustaining AM symbiosis, the root microsomal proteome elicited upon mycorrhiza still remains to be explored. In this study, we first examined the qualitative composition of the root membrane proteome of Medicago truncatula after microsome enrichment and subsequent in depth analysis by GeLC-MS/MS. The results obtained highlighted the identification of 1226 root membrane protein candidates whose cellular and functional classifications predispose plastids and protein synthesis as prevalent organelle and function, respectively. Changes at the protein abundance level between the membrane proteomes of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots were further monitored by spectral counting, which retrieved a total of 96 proteins that displayed a differential accumulation upon AM symbiosis. Besides the canonical markers of the periarbuscular membrane, new candidates supporting the importance of membrane trafficking events during mycorrhiza establishment/functioning were identified, including flotillin-like proteins. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000875.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, one of the most widespread mutualistic associations in nature, the endomembrane system of plant roots is believed to undergo qualitative and quantitative changes in order to sustain both the accommodation process of the AM fungus within cortical cells and the exchange of nutrients between symbionts. Large-scale GeLC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the membrane fractions from mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of M. truncatula coupled to spectral counting retrieved around one hundred proteins that displayed changes in abundance upon mycorrhizal establishment. The symbiosis-related membrane proteins that were identified mostly function in signaling/membrane trafficking and nutrient uptake regulation. Besides extending the coverage of the root membrane proteome of M. truncatula, new candidates involved in the symbiotic program emerged from the current study, which pointed out a dynamic reorganization of microsomal proteins during the accommodation of AM fungi within cortical cells.
authors.affiliation: UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France; Environmental and Agro-Biotechnologies Department, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg. Electronic address: cosette_a@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cosette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: UMR de Génétique Végétale, PAPPSO, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: valot@moulon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valot
authors.affiliation: UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. Electronic address: cguillier@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guillier
authors.affiliation: UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. Electronic address: amounier@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mounier
authors.affiliation: UMR de Génétique Végétale, PAPPSO, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: balliau@moulon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balliau
authors.affiliation: UMR de Génétique Végétale, PAPPSO, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: zivy@moulon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zivy
authors.affiliation: UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. Electronic address: tuinen@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Diederik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Tuinen
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Agro-Biotechnologies Department, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg. Electronic address: renaut@lippmann.lu.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Renaut
authors.affiliation: UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. Electronic address: daniel.wipf@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wipf
authors.affiliation: UMR Agroécologie INRA 1347/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. Electronic address: dumasgaudot@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dumas-Gaudot
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Agro-Biotechnologies Department, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg. Electronic address: recorbet@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Recorbet
mesh_terms: D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza; GeLC–MS/MS; Rhizophagus irregularis; Root membrane proteome; Spectral counting