title: Fe(II) uptake on natural montmorillonites. I. Macroscopic and spectroscopic characterization.
abstract: Iron is an important redox-active element that is ubiquitous in both engineered and natural environments. In this study, the retention mechanism of Fe(II) on clay minerals was investigated using macroscopic sorption experiments combined with Mössbauer and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Sorption edges and isotherms were measured under anoxic conditions on natural Fe-bearing montmorillonites (STx, SWy, and SWa) having different structural Fe contents ranging from 0.5 to 15.4 wt % and different initial Fe redox states. Batch experiments indicated that, in the case of low Fe-bearing (STx) and dithionite-reduced clays, the Fe(II) uptake follows the sorption behavior of other divalent transition metals, whereas Fe(II) sorption increased by up to 2 orders of magnitude on the unreduced, Fe(III)-rich montmorillonites (SWy and SWa). Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis revealed that nearly all the sorbed Fe(II) was oxidized to surface-bound Fe(III) and secondary Fe(III) precipitates were formed on the Fe(III)-rich montmorillonite, while sorbed Fe is predominantly present as Fe(II) on Fe-low and dithionite-reduced clays. The results provide compelling evidence that Fe(II) uptake characteristics on clay minerals are strongly correlated to the redox properties of the structural Fe(III). The improved understanding of the interfacial redox interactions between sorbed Fe(II) and clay minerals gained in this study is essential for future studies developing Fe(II) sorption models on natural montmorillonites.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soltermann
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marques Fernandes
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baeyens
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dähn
authors.forename: Prachi A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Andreas C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Scheinost
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gorski
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077215:Clay; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015204:Spectroscopy, Mossbauer; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D008903:Minerals; D001546:Bentonite; D007501:Iron; D000077215:Clay