title: Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV & HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in Tripoli-Libya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1998 Libya experienced a major outbreak of multiple blood borne viral hepatitis and HIV infections. Since then, no studies have been done on the epidemic features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection among the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was carried out using a multi-centre clustering method to collect samples from the general population. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. This information was correlated with the risk factors involved in the transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV using enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9,170 participants from the nine districts of Tripoli were enrolled. The average prevalence of HBsAg was 3.7%, anti-HCV 0.9%, anti-HIV 0.15% and co-infection 0.02%. The prevalence varied from one district to another. HBV was more prevalent among those aged over 50 years and was associated with family history. Anti-HCV and anti-HIV were more prevalent among those aged 20-40 years. Intravenous drug use and blood transfusion were the main risk factors for HCV and HIV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection are relatively common in Libya. High prevalence was associated with geographic, ethnic and socioeconomic variability within the community. HCV and HIV infections among the younger age groups are becoming an alarming issue. Regulations and health care education need to be implemented and longer term follow-up should be planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli, Libya; Department of Surgery, Tripoli Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Daw
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabash
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Biotechnology, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Abdallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Bouzedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tripoli Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Aghnya A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060085:Coinfection / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008002:Libya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral