title: Disease burden of urinary tract infections among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the U.S.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes is a reported risk factor for more frequent and severe urinary tract infections (UTI). We sought to quantify the annual healthcare cost burden of UTI in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were identified in MarketScan administrative claims data. UTI occurrence and costs were assessed during a 1-year period. We examined UTI-related visit and antibiotic costs among patients diagnosed with UTI, comparing those with versus without a history of UTI in the previous year (prevalent vs. incident UTI cases). We estimated the total incremental cost of UTI by comparing all-cause healthcare costs in patients with versus without UTI, using propensity score-matched samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the year, 8.2% (6,014/73,151) of subjects had ≥1 UTI, of whom 33.8% had a history of UTI. UTI-related costs among prevalent versus incident cases were, respectively, $603 versus $447 (p=0.033) for outpatient services, $1,607 versus $1,819 (p=NS) for hospitalizations, and $61 versus $35 (p<0.0001) for antibiotics. UTI was associated with a total all-cause incremental cost of $7,045 (95% CI: 4,130, 13,051) per patient with UTI per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UTI is common and may impose a substantial direct medical cost burden among patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889. Electronic address: shengsheng.yu@merck.com.
authors.forename: Shengsheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street NW, Suite 4100 - Milton Harris Bldg. Washington, DC 20007. Electronic address: zf54@georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Alex Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.
authors.forename: Kimberly G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Brodovicz
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.
authors.forename: Swapnil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajpathak
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., 1 Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radican
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Healthcare costs; Type 2 diabetes; Urinary tract infection