title: Regulation of cell-based therapeutic products intended for human applications in the EU.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent developments in the field of cell-based therapeutic products (CBTPs) have forced the EU to revise its legislation on therapeutic products by enacting several new legal instruments. In this study, we investigate how CBTPs are regulated and what determines their regulatory classification. Furthermore, we compare the regulatory burden between CBTPs in different product categories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Product categories covering CBTPs were identified and characteristics critical for the regulatory classification of a CBTP were determined in each category. The effect of the critical characteristics on the classification was evaluated by constructing a decision tree that covers all possible combinations of the critical characteristics. Differences in the regulatory burden between CBTPs were evaluated by comparing regulations crucial for placing a therapeutic product on the EU market between the product categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regulation of CBTPs has been divided between the main product categories of the EU legal framework for therapeutic products on the basis of the characteristics of the cells that the CBTPs contain. The regulatory burden is lowest for CBTPs regulated as blood, cells or tissues, and highest for CBTPs regulated as medicinal products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBTPs exist in all product categories of the EU legal framework for therapeutic products. However, the current framework does not cover all possible CBTPs. Furthermore, our results indicate that the regulatory burden of a CBTP is related to the risk it may pose to the health and safety of recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology & Chemical Technology, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Närhi
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordström
mesh_terms: D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D005062:European Union; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods
keywords: advanced therapy medicinal products; blood; cells; regulation; regulatory burden; tissues