title: Antibodies to single glycolipids and glycolipid complexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comprehensively investigate the relationship between antibodies to single glycolipids and their complexes and Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes and clinical features.
  
  
  METHODS
  In acute sera from 199 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to glycolipids and ganglioside complexes were tested using ELISA against individual antigens from single glycolipids including gangliosides (LM1, GM1, GM1b, GD1a, GalNAc-GD1a, GD1b, GT1a, GT1b, GQ1b) and a neutral glycolipid, asialo-GM1 (GA1), and antigens from the combination of 2 different glycolipids. Based on serial nerve conduction studies, the electrodiagnoses were as follows: 69 demyelinating subtype, 85 axonal subtypes, and 45 unclassified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant associations were detected between acute motor axonal neuropathy subtype and IgG antibodies to GM1, GalNAc-GD1a, GA1, or LM1/GA1 complex. Reversible conduction failure was significantly associated with IgG antibodies to GM1, GalNAc-GD1a, GD1b, or complex of LM1/GA1. No significant association was demonstrated between acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and any of the glycolipids or ganglioside complexes. Anti-ganglioside complex antibodies alone were detected in 7 patients (5 axonal subtype).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrates that antibodies to single glycolipids and ganglioside complexes are associated with acute motor axonal neuropathy or acute motor conduction block neuropathy but not acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study provides Class II evidence that antibodies to glycolipids are increased in patients with acute motor axonal neuropathy and acute motor conduction block neuropathy but not acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Nortina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shahrizaila
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Norito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokubun
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Setsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Thirugnanam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umapathi
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Yee-Cheun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: From the Faculty of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dokkyo Medical University (N.K., K.H.), Tochigi, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine (S.S., S.K.), Chiba University, Japan; National Neurosciences Institute (T.U.), Singapore; and National University Singapore (Y.-C.C., N.Y.), Singapore. mdcyuki@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuki
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000276:immunology*; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D008296:Malaysia; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000276:immunology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D012846:Singapore
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005732:Gangliosides; D006017:Glycolipids; D007074:Immunoglobulin G