title: [Clinical anatomic study of Pitanguy ligament of the nose].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the origins and insertions of Pitanguy ligament,in order to find the anatomically theoretical basis for the treatment of nasal deformity such as drooping nose, short columella, gingival show.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 cadaveric heads fixed by 10% formalin were used. 12 specimens underwent nasal anatomic study. The skin was incised, along the nasal midline to expose the Pitanguy ligament. The origin of Pitanguy ligament and its relationship with surrounding tissue were studied. Then the Pitanguy ligament was taken out for HE staining. Longitudinal section along the ligament was observed. 3 specimens underwent harvesting of full-thickness nasal tissue from skin to periosteal membrane. Then the samples were used for HE staining to show histologic study of ligament at horizontal section.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pitanguy ligament originates in the midline of lower third of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system, extends down to the tip along the midline of the nasal dorsum and then turns backwards at the nasal tip, and runs between the medial crura of the lower lateral cartilages, inserts into the base of columella. Its muscle is connected with the orbicularis oris muscle and the depressor septi nasi muscle. HE staining showed the ligament consists of fibrous connective tissue, muscle tissue and other ingredients, but without cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pitanguy ligament exists with complex histological composition, so its name is still controversial. Because it has multiple connection with the orbicularis oris muscle and the depressor septi nasi muscle, so cutting or shortened the Pitanguy ligament can treat deformity of nose and lip by adjustment of nasolabial angles and the nasal length.
authors.forename: Ja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hegeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002356:Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology