title: SOD3 acts as a tumor suppressor in PC-3 prostate cancer cells via hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The functions of superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3), which acts on the cell surface and protects cells from oxidative stress, remain uncertain in the progression of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  To verify SOD3 expression in human prostate tissue, immunohistochemistry was performed using tissue microarrays. To investigate the effects of SOD3 on proliferation, migration, and invasion, SOD3 was overexpressed and recombinant SOD3 was employed in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. H2O2 levels, reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, catalase activity, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were estimated in SOD3-overexpressing PC-3 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced expression of SOD3 in prostate cancer tissue. SOD3 overexpression in PC-3 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Recombinant SOD3 had the same effect. H2O2 accumulation was increased by SOD3 overexpression, GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased, and catalase activity was decreased. DNA damage in SOD3-overexpressing cells was confirmed by 8-OHdG elevation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since SOD3 acts as a tumor suppressor, SOD3 overexpression and recombinant SOD3 might lead to treatment for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Jungim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan mizokami@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Minkyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadono
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Evan T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namiki
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C441642:SOD3 protein, human; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: DNA damage; SOD3; hydrogen peroxide; migration; proliferation; prostate cancer