title: Development of microsatellite markers for the rapid and reliable genotyping of Brettanomyces bruxellensis at strain level.
abstract: Although many yeasts are useful for food production and beverage, some species may cause spoilage with important economic loss. This is the case of Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis, a contaminant species that is mainly associated with fermented beverages (wine, beer, cider and traditional drinks). To better control Brettanomyces spoilage, rapid and reliable genotyping methods are necessary to determine the origins of the spoilage, to assess the effectiveness of preventive treatments and to develop new control strategies. Despite several previously published typing methods, ranging from classical molecular methods (RAPD, AFLP, REA-PFGE, mtDNA restriction analysis) to more engineered technologies (infrared spectroscopy), there is still a lack of a rapid, reliable and universal genotyping approach. In this work, we developed eight polymorphic microsatellites markers for the Brettanomyces/Dekkera bruxellensis species. Microsatellite typing was applied to the genetic analysis of wine and beer isolates from Europe, Australia and South Africa. Our results suggest that B. bruxellensis is a highly disseminated species, with some strains isolated from different continents being closely related at the genetic level. We also focused on strains isolated from two Bordeaux wineries on different substrates (grapes, red wines) and for different vintages (over half a century). We showed that all B. bruxellensis strains within a cellar are strongly related at the genetic level, suggesting that one clonal population may cause spoilage over decades. The microsatellite tool now paves the way for future population genetics research of the B. bruxellensis species.
authors.affiliation: Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Œnologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Electronic address: warren.albertin@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Albertin
authors.affiliation: Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Œnologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panfili
authors.affiliation: INRA, ISVV, USC 1219 OENOLOGIE, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miot-Sertier
authors.affiliation: CRB Œnologie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Oenologique, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goulielmakis
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR Biodiversité Gènes et Ecosystèmes, PlateForme Génomique, F-33600 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Adline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delcamp
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR Biodiversité Gènes et Ecosystèmes, PlateForme Génomique, F-33600 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salin
authors.affiliation: Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Œnologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonvaud-Funel
authors.affiliation: The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Curtin
authors.affiliation: Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Œnologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Electronic address: isabelle.masneuf@agro-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Masneuf-Pomarede
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D055168:Brettanomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: SSR; STR; Spoilage yeast; VNTR; Wine