title: Histopathologic, biochemical and genotoxic investigations on chronic sodium nitrite toxicity in mice.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long term Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) consumption. Swiss albino mice were given NaNO2 (0, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day) as mixed in feed for 8 months. At the end of treatments, animals were sacrificed and selected organs were processed for histopathologic, imunohistochemical, biochemical and genotoxic investigations. Mild to moderate degenerative changes were observed in liver, kidney, intestine, lung and spleen of NaNO2-given mice. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine activities increased in liver and kidney of NaNO2-given mice. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen activity increased in liver. Apoptotic cell death was observed in livers of the treatment groups. Liver malondialdehyde level was higher in the treatment groups while no change was seen in kidney. Nitric oxide levels in both liver and kidney of the treatment groups were lower than those of the control group. In genotoxic investigations, the number of chromosome and chromatid breaks, chromatid association, and polyploidy increased while mitotic index decreased in NaNO2-given mice. The results showed that NaNO2 would cause histopathologic changes, nitrosative tissue damage, and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney, as well as induce chromosomal aberrations even if it was given at low levels for long time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Electronic address: hasanozen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kamber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Science, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gül
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atakişi
authors.affiliation: School of Health, University of Uşak, Uşak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Atakişi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives; D012977:Sodium Nitrite
keywords: Apoptosis; Genotoxicity; Malondialdehyde; Nitrite toxicity; Nitrotyrosine; iNOS