title: Neuropsychological performance, brain imaging, and driving violations in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between third ventricular width, a measure of thalamic brain atrophy, and motor vehicle violation type and frequency in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five individuals with clinically confirmed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 35 age-, sex-, and education-matched community-dwelling healthy comparisons (N=70). Participants were aged between 25 and 65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on motor vehicle violations were obtained from an online database (Iowa Courts Online). The violations were categorized as follows: (1) speeding, (2) nonmoving safety, (3) administrative, (4) alcohol-related offense, (5) moving safety, and (6) total violations. Neuropsychological performance in all major cognitive domains was obtained. Thalamic atrophy for the patients with MS was determined via third ventricular width measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MS group had a greater number of overall violations, administrative violations, and nonmoving safety violations. The groups differed on neuropsychological tasks measuring visuospatial skills, speeded language, learning, and executive functioning, after controlling for affective symptoms. Third ventricular width was associated with total violations as well as moving safety violations. Finally, third ventricular width accounted for a significant variance in driving violation frequency above and beyond demographic variables and neuropsychological factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increased frequency of motor vehicle violations among patients with multiple sclerosis, and the number of violations can be predicted by thalamic brain atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehning
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Jinsuh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Ezzatollah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shivapour
authors.affiliation: Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address: natalie-denburg@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Natalie L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Denburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013028:Space Perception; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Automobile driving; Multiple sclerosis; Neuropsychology; Rehabilitation