title: The prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes in eyes with inactive extramacular CMV retinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in eyes with inactive extramacular cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control report from a longitudinal multicenter observational study by the Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) Research Group. A total of 357 eyes of 270 patients with inactive CMV retinitis and 1084 eyes of 552 patients with no ocular opportunistic infection (OOI) were studied. Stereoscopic views of the posterior pole from fundus photographs were assessed at baseline and year 5 visits for the presence of macular ERM. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence and 5-year incidence of ERM in eyes with and without CMV retinitis at enrollment. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was performed adjusting for possible confounders. Main outcome measures included the prevalence, incidence, estimated prevalence, and incidence odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ERM at enrollment was 14.8% (53/357) in eyes with CMV retinitis versus 1.8% (19/1084) in eyes with no OOI. The incidence of ERM at 5 years was 18.6% (16/86) in eyes with CMV retinitis versus 2.4% (6/253) in eyes with no OOI. The crude odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI) for prevalence was 9.8 (5.5-17.5) (P < 0.01). The crude OR (95% CI) for incidence was 9.4 (3.2-27.9) (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of extramacular CMV retinitis is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of ERM formation compared to what is seen in eyes without ocular opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
authors.affiliation: King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Vitreoretinal Division, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia University of California-San Diego, Jacobs Retina Center, La Jolla, California, United States.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Van Natta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
authors.forename: Jeong W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: K Patrick
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thorne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008266:Macula Lutea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: AIDS; CMV retinitis; epiretinal membrane; incidence; prevalence