title: En bloc transurethral resection with 2-micron continuous-wave laser for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the practicability of en bloc transurethral resection with 2-micron continuous-wave laser as treatment for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-center, randomized, controlled trial involving 142 patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC. All patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either laser treatment or conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). All patients received intravesical chemotherapy. Follow-up was performed in 18 months. Primary outcome measure was difference of tumor recurrence rate at the end of study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics did not differ between patients in two groups. Operation time was longer in laser group than in TURBT group (56.5 ± 37.4 vs. 41.0 ± 29.4 min, P = 0.017). Obturator nerve reflection was noted during TURBT in 18 patients, whereas none was noted during laser resection. Number of T1 tumors was higher in the laser group (25 vs. 15, P = 0.047). According to Kaplan-Meier survival curves, there was no statistical difference in the rate of recurrence in 18 months (P = 0.383). All recurrences were out of the site of first resection, and there was no progression in tumor grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-micron continuous-wave laser did not diminish tumor recurrence rate in primary NMIBC for 18-months observation. However, T1 tumors were significantly higher among laser group. Clear and complete tumor bases were easily conserved by laser resection, which may enable pathologists to distinguish the T stages of bladder cancer more easily. Further studies need to be done in future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Lingwu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shaopeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Chengqiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yuanzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shiying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Junxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*