title: Characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells originating from the bilateral inferior turbinate in humans with nasal septal deviation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is often associated with overgrowth of the unilateral inferior turbinate. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into multiple cell types, including osteoblasts. We tested the hypothesis that turbinate size affects human turbinate-derived MSC (hTMSCs) quantity, proliferation, and differentiation into osteogenic lineages, and that hypertrophic turbinates may predispose to NSD on the contralateral side.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hypertrophic and contralateral inferior turbinate tissues used in our study were obtained and cultured from the tissue discarded from 10 patients who underwent septoplasty and partial turbinectomy. After isolating the hTMSCs from both turbinates, the cells were enumerated using an automated cell counter. The expression of surface markers for MSCs over four passages was assessed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis (FACS), and cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit (CCK)-8 according to turbinate size. In addition, osteogenic differentiation of hTMSCs was identified using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining, after which osteoblastic gene expression was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the number of hTMSCs. FACS analysis revealed that the hTMSCs were negative for CD14, CD19, CD34, and HLA-DR, and positive for CD29, CD73, and CD90, representing a characteristic MSC phenotype, with no significant difference between the two groups. The cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of the hTMSCs were also not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that turbinate size does not affect the characterization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation potential of hTMSCs in vitro test, and therefore should not affect the clinical decision of whether to use autologous or allogenic hTMSCs. However, more experiments are required to definitively state the relationship of hTMSCs with turbinate size or the process NSD in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Chang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D014420:Turbinates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*