title: Design, implementation, and evaluation of a knowledge translation intervention to increase organ donation after cardiocirculatory death in Canada: a study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A shortage of transplantable organs is a global problem. There are two types of organ donation: living and deceased. Deceased organ donation can occur following neurological determination of death (NDD) or cardiocirculatory death. Donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD) accounts for the largest increments in deceased organ donation worldwide. Variations in the use of DCD exist, however, within Canada and worldwide. Reasons for these discrepancies are largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to develop, implement, and evaluate a theory-based knowledge translation intervention to provide practical guidance about how to increase the numbers of DCD organ donors without reducing the numbers of standard NDD donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We will use a mixed method three-step approach. In step one, we will conduct semi-structured interviews, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, to identify and describe stakeholders' beliefs and attitudes about DCD and their perceptions of the multi-level factors that influence DCD. We will identify: determinants of the evidence-practice gap; specific behavioural changes and/or process changes needed to increase DCD; specific group(s) of clinicians or organizations (e.g., provincial donor organizations) in need of behaviour change; and specific targets for interventions. In step two, using the principles of intervention mapping, we will develop a theory-based knowledge translation intervention that encompasses behavior change techniques to overcome the identified barriers and enhance the enablers to DCD. In step three, we will roll out the intervention in hospitals across the 10 Canadian provinces and evaluate its effectiveness using a multiple interrupted time series design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We will adopt a behavioural approach to define and test novel, theory-based, and ethically-acceptable knowledge translation strategies to increase the numbers of available DCD organ donors in Canada. If successful, this study will ultimately lead to more transplantations, reducing patient morbidity and mortality at a population-level.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, 501 Smyth Road, Room 1282, Box 711, Ottawa, ON K1H 8 L6, Canada. jasquires@ohri.ca.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Squires
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grimshaw
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taljaard
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linklater
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chassé
authors.forename: Sam D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shemie
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Knoll
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D002170:Canada; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004644:Emotions; D004777:Environment; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D012107:Research Design; D012931:Social Environment; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000458:organization & administration*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical