title: Hemodynamic responses in rat brain during transcranial direct current stimulation: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.
abstract: In the present study, we monitored hemodynamic responses in rat brains during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Seven rats received transcranial anodal stimulation with 200 μA direct current (DC) on their right barrel cortex for 10 min. The concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were continuously monitored during stimulation (10 min) and after stimulation (20 min). The trend of hemodynamic response changes was modeled using linear regression, and the relationship between incremental and decremental rates of oxy-Hb was investigated by correlation analysis. Our results showed that the oxy-Hb concentration was almost linearly increased and decreased during and after stimulation, respectively. In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the rate of increase of oxy-Hb during stimulation and the rate of decrease of oxy-Hb after stimulation, indicating that the recovery time after tDCS may not depend on the total amount of hemodynamic changes in the stimulated brain area. Our results also demonstrated considerable individual variability in the rate of change of hemodynamic responses even with the same direct current dose to identical brain regions. This suggests that individual differences in tDCS after-effects may originate from intrinsic differences in the speed of DC stimulation "uptake" rather than differences in the total capacity of DC uptake, and thus the stimulation parameters may need to be customized for each individual in order to maximize tDCS after-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea ; contributed equally.
authors.forename: Chang-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Jeongneung 3-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-703, South Korea ; contributed equally.
authors.forename: Hyuna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Jeongneung 3-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-703, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Guk
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Jeongneung 3-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-703, South Korea ; bmk515@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Beop-Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Im
keywords: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.2655) Functional monitoring and imaging; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics