title: [Indwelling position and bacterial colonization of peripheral venous indwelling needles in patients with cardiovascular diseases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the characteristics of infections associated with peripheral venous indwelling needles and to explore the best indwelling position in patients with cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of bacteriology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 240 hospitalized patients from the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between November 2009 to July 2010 were randomly selected, and were divided into 3 groups according to the indwelling position and the indwelling time: a back of hand group (n=80), a forearm group (n=80) and a foot group (n=80). The above 3 groups were also divided into 4 subgroups according to the indwelling time (T1: 48 h ≤ t < 72 h; T2: 72 h ≤ t ≤ 96 h; T3: 96 h < t ≤ 120 h; and T4: 120 h < t ≤ 168 h) (20 patients in each subgroup). The bacteria of samples from puncture position of the skin were respectively cultured and identified after skin disinfection, needle pulling out and sample puncture from the indwelling needle catheters, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) After the skin disinfection, there was no bacterium in the skin samples of puncture position. 2) When the needles were pulled out, there was bacterial growth in the skin samples of puncture position in 41 patients in the 3 groups, and the bacterium was not detected in samples of the 3 groups at T1 and T2 period. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture in the 3 groups at T3 and T4 period (P<0.05). 3) When the needles were pulled out. There was bacterial growth in the samples of indwelling needle catheters in 10 patients in the 3 groups; no bacterium was detected in the back of hand group and the forearm group at T1, T2, T3 and T4 period. In the foot group, there was no bacterium growth in the samples of indwelling needle catheters at T1 and T2 period, but there was bacterial growth in 4 patients at T3 period and in 6 patients at T4 period. There was significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture in the samples of indwelling needle catheters in the 3 groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best indwelling position for peripheral venous indwelling needles is the forearm in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008,China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yinglan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005528:Foot / Q000382:microbiology; D005542:Forearm / Q000382:microbiology; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D014680:Veins / Q000382:microbiology*