title: Correlation between Microalbuminuria and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is commonly found in patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Microalbuminuria is the first clinical sign of involvement of kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes. Uncontrolled hypertension induces a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including death, increasing proteinuria and progression to kidney disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between microalbuminuria and hypertension and their association with other risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic of Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan were screened for microalbuminuria and raised blood pressure. The study was conducted from November 2012 to June 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1, those with normoalbuminuria (n=63) and Group 2, those having microalbuminuria (n=50). Group 2 patients showed higher blood pressure values as compared to Group 1. The results were statistically significant and showed poor glycemic control as a contributing risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that there is high frequency of hypertension among type 2 diabetics but still much higher among those having microalbuminuria. So, early recognition of renal dysfunction through detection of microalbuminuria and to start treatment without any delay will confer future protection from end stage renal disease as well as hypertension and its complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Alia Ali, FCPS, Senior Registrar, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Dr. Azeem Taj, FCPS, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taj
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Joher Amin, FCPS, Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Joher
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Prof. Farrukh Iqbal, FRCP, Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farrukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Prof. Zafar Iqbal, FRCP, Professor & Chairman, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
keywords: Diabetic kidney disease; Hypertension; Microalbuminuria; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus