title: Photoisomerization among ring-open merocyanines. I. Reaction dynamics and wave-packet oscillations induced by tunable femtosecond pulses.
abstract: Upon ultraviolet excitation, photochromic spiropyran compounds can be converted by a ring-opening reaction into merocyanine molecules, which in turn can form several isomers differing by cis and trans configurations in the methine bridge. Whereas the spiropyran-merocyanine conversion reaction of the nitro-substituted indolinobenzopyran 6-nitro-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (6-nitro BIPS) has been studied extensively in theory and experiments, little is known about photoisomerization among the merocyanine isomers. In this article, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with variable excitation wavelengths to investigate the excited-state dynamics of the merocyanine in acetonitrile at room temperature, where exclusively the trans-trans-cis (TTC) and trans-trans-trans (TTT) isomers contribute. No photochemical ring-closure pathways exist for the two isomers. Instead, we found that (18±4)% of excited TTC isomers undergo an ultrafast excited-state cis→trans photoisomerization to TTT within 200 fs, while the excited-state lifetime of TTC molecules that do not isomerize is 35 ps. No photoisomerization was detected for the TTT isomer, which relaxes to the ground state with a lifetime of roughly 160 ps. Moreover, signal oscillations at 170 cm(-1) and 360 cm(-1) were observed, which can be ascribed to excited-state wave-packet dynamics occurring in the course of the TTC→TTT isomerization. The results of high-level time-dependent density functional theory in conjunction with polarizable continuum models are presented in the subsequent article [C. Walter, S. Ruetzel, M. Diekmann, P. Nuernberger, T. Brixner, and B. Engels, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 224311 (2014)].
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruetzel
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diekmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuernberger
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brixner
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D007536:Isomerism; D008027:Light; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011674:Pulse; D011789:Quantum Theory; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D007211:Indoles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012997:Solvents; C548873:merocyanine; C088184:spiropyran; C057812:indoline