title: Discrimination and substance use disorders among Latinos: the role of gender, nativity, and ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders among a diverse sample of Latinos. We also investigated whether the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders varied by gender, nativity, and ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our analyses focused on 6294 Latinos who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions from 2004 to 2005. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between discrimination and substance use disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of alcohol and drug use disorders among Latinos. However, the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders varied by gender, nativity, and ethnicity. Discrimination was associated with increased odds of alcohol and drug use disorders for certain groups, such as women, US-born Latinos, and Mexicans, but this relationship did not follow the same pattern for other subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to determine which subgroups among Latinos may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of discrimination to address their needs.
authors.affiliation: Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo and Christine E. Grella are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles Integrated Substance Abuse Programs. Hortensia Amaro is with the Office of the Provost, School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Gilbert C. Gee is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Angie Denisse
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Otiniano Verissimo
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grella
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.forename: Gilbert C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063505:Racism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult