title: Perceived stress latent factors and the burnout subtypes: a structural model in dental students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Students of health-professions suffer high levels of stress and burnout. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between perceived stress latent factors ('tenseness' and 'frustration') and the features ('overload', 'lack of development' and 'neglect') of the three burnout subtypes ('frenetic', 'under-challenged' and 'worn-out', respectively), in a sample of Spanish dental students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a cross-sectional design. A sample of Spanish dental students (n = 314) completed the 'Perceived Stress Questionnaire' and the 'Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire Student Survey'. The associations among variables were observed by means of structural equation modelling using the unweighted least squares method from polychoric correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong associations among perceived stress factors and the burnout characteristics were observed, although a distinct pattern of relations was observed for each burnout subtype. The 'overload' was moderately and positively associated with both 'tenseness' (0.45), and 'frustration' (0.38) dimensions of perceived stress; the 'lack of development' was positively associated with the 'frustration' dimension (0.72), but negatively associated with 'tenseness' (-0.69); the 'neglect' showed a weaker positive associated with 'frustration' (0.41), and a small negative association with 'tenseness' (-0.20). The model was a very good fit to the data (GFI  =  0.96; RSMR  =  0.07; AGFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.95; RFI = 0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stress factors of 'frustration' and 'tenseness' seems to be related in a distinct way to the burnout subtypes in Spanish dental students. This finding suggests that intervention programs specifically tailored to these subtypes may be a promising future direction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montero-Marín
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Marcos
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Piva Demarzo
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Sustance Use, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia.
authors.forename: Lexine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stapinski
authors.affiliation: Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gili
authors.affiliation: Miguel Servet University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Campayo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013335:Students, Dental / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult