title: Solving the puzzle of Parkinson's disease using induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: The prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing due to a prolonged life expectancy. This highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding and new therapeutic approaches. However, traditional in vitro and in vivo experimental models to study PD are suboptimal, thus hampering the progress in the field. The epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a unique way to overcome this problem, as these cells share many properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) including the potential to be transformed into different lineages. PD modeling with iPSCs is nowadays facilitated by the growing availability of high-efficiency neural-specific differentiation protocols and the possibility to correct or induce mutations as well as creating marker cell lines using designer nucleases. These technologies, together with steady advances in human genetics, will likely introduce profound changes in the way we interpret PD and develop new treatments. Here, we summarize the different PD iPSCs reported so far and discuss the challenges for disease modeling using these cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Pipeline Group, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Micky D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tortorella
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China Guangdong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China miguel@gibh.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin and Human Disease, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China.
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; disease modeling; dopaminergic neurons; induced pluripotent stem cells; reprogramming