title: Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis show distinct patterns of brain glucose metabolism in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathogenic autoantibodies targeting the recently identified leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein and the subunit 1 of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induce autoimmune encephalitis. A comparison of brain metabolic patterns in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography of anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients has not been performed yet and shall be helpful in differentiating these two most common forms of autoimmune encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The brain 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake from whole-body positron emission tomography of six anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients and four patients with anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein encephalitis admitted to Hannover Medical School between 2008 and 2012 was retrospectively analyzed and compared to matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group analysis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis patients demonstrated regionally limited hypermetabolism in frontotemporal areas contrasting an extensive hypometabolism in parietal lobes, whereas the anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein syndrome was characterized by hypermetabolism in cerebellar, basal ganglia, occipital and precentral areas and minor frontomesial hypometabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography study provides novel evidence for distinct brain metabolic patterns in patients with anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. wegner.florian@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Said Ben
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tayeb
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boeck
authors.forename: Cathleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haense
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trebst
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Logemann
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: Rea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Raecke
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dengler
authors.forename: Lilli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geworski
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bengel
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berding
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stangel
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nabavi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C116499:LGI1 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose