title: Effectiveness of lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program on improving glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, there is an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the elderly. To minimize adverse effects on glycemic control, prevention and management of general and oral complications in diabetic patients is essential. The purpose of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of a Lifestyle Change plus Dental Care (LCDC) program to improve glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Health Centers 54 (intervention) and 59 (control) from October 2013 to January 2014. 66 diabetic patients per health center were included. At baseline, the intervention group attended a 20 minute lifestyle and oral health education program, individual lifestyle counseling using motivational interviewing (MI), application of self regulation manual, and individual oral hygiene instruction. The intervention group received booster education every visit by viewing a 15 minute educational video. The control group received a routine program. Participants were assessed at baseline and 3 month follow up for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), periodontal status, knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health and diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the 3 month follow up, a multiple linear regression analysis showed that the intervention group was significantly negatively correlated in both glycemic and periodontal status. Participants in the intervention group had significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plaque index score, gingival index score, pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) when compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of lifestyle change and dental care in one program improved both glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.in.th: TCTR20140602001.
authors.affiliation: Health center 54, Bangkok, Thailand. saruta79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saruta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saengtipbovorn
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneepanichskul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003376:Counseling; D003729:Dental Care; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006267:Health Education, Dental; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin