title: Association of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2 and -9 during periapical lesion development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its correlation with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -2 and -9 during the development of periapical lesion in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periapical lesions were induced in the lower first molars of mice and after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days the mandibles were removed. The periapical lesions were measured by micro-computed tomography. The expression of EMMPRIN, MMPs-1, -2, and -9 genes were determined by real-time RT-PCR. The location and expression of EMMPRIN and MMPs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 14 days, the periapical lesion area was higher than at 7 days. At 21 and 42 days no statistically significant bone loss was observed in comparison to 14 days. The control group showed discrete and occasional EMMPRIM, MMP-1, -2 and -9 immunostaining in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts. At 7, 14, 21 and 42 days intense immunoexpression was observed for EMMPRIN, MMPs-1, -2 and -9 in the region adjacent to the apical foramen. The EMMPRIN immunoexpression was higher at 7, 14, 21 and 42 days compared with the control. There was a positive correlation between gene expression of EMMPRIN and MMPs in the active phase of periapical lesion development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high expression of EMMPRIM mainly by the inflammatory infiltrate in the region adjacent to the apical foramen during periapical lesion development. Furthermore, the positive correlation with MMP-1, -2, and -9 during the first days after periapical lesion induction indicates that EMMPRIM may be involved in the active phase of periapical lesions development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália Guimarães Kalatzis
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Ribeiro de Barros
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus Universitário, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Satana da
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: giselefaria@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051926:Basigin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008963:Molar; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C497887:Bsg protein, mouse; D051926:Basigin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: EMMPRIN; Endodontics; Matrix metalloproteinases; Periapical lesion