title: Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for high grade renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by impaired fasting blood glucose that leads to disturbances in various organs. In this study, we evaluated relationships between tumor size and grade in a population of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007-2013, in our clinic radical nephrectomy performed to 310 patients for renal tumors and pathology reported renal cell carcinoma cases were enrolled in the study. Patients with and without a history of diabetes regarding fasting glucose and HgA1c levels were evaluated during surgery for tumor size and Fuhrman grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes was found in 95 patients. The mean age of the patients with and without diabetes mellitus was 64.3 (40-79) and 58.4 (31-87) years, respectively. In the diabetes group 51% of patients had a tumor size over 7 cm and 54% a tumor grade over Fuhrman 3. The respective figures in the non-diabetes group were 35% and 30% (p<0.05 in both cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal cancer appears more aggressive in patients with diabetes. In this study lifestyle and risk factors with diabetes regulation were observed to be important for renal cancer patients. Multicenter studies are needed in larger series for more accurate results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail : mrt_drsn@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otunctemur
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Besiroglu
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koklu
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkoc
authors.forename: Eyyup
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.forename: Muammer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human