title: The cost of blood collection in Greece: an economic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to estimate the cost of production of 1 unit of blood from a National Health Service perspective in Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  In agreement with guidelines, the cost of blood production in this study accounted only for the resources expended for collection, processing, laboratory testing, and storage. Hence, the costs associated with donor recruitment, pretransfusion preparation, transfusion administration, follow-up management of adverse events, and other long-term relevant costs were not taken into consideration. The indirect cost of blood donations for donors (productivity loss) was also considered. A questionnaire was used to collect data regarding personnel time, annual blood quantities collected, percentage of wastage, utilization of consumables, institutional overhead, information technology expenditure, medical equipment utilized, nuclear acid tests, and other factors. Data gathered by 53 hospitals across the country were assessed. A model was constructed with economic data collected by the National School of Public Health and the Ministry of Health. All data refer to the year 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weighted mean direct cost of producing 1 unit of blood was estimated at €131.49 (SD, €22.12; minimum/maximum, €94.96-€239.20). The mean total indirect cost was estimated at €34 per unit of blood. The cost distribution was positively skewed (skewness, 1.642 [0.327]). The major cost component was the cost of personnel, accounting for 32.5% of total costs, and the average of blood unit wastage was estimated at 4.90%. There were no differences between the cost of producing 1 unit of blood in Athens compared with the rest of the country (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.341).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the cost of producing 1 unit of blood is not insignificant. These figures need to be complemented with those concerning the cost of transfusion to have a complete picture of producing and using 1 unit of blood locally.
authors.affiliation: National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: vfragoulakis@esdy.edu.com.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fragoulakis
authors.affiliation: National Blood Centre (EKEA), Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stamoulis
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Service of (")Agios Savvas" Regional Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grouzi
authors.affiliation: National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maniadakis
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000191:economics*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006115:Greece; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic
keywords: blood; blood unit; cost of blood