title: High expression levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 predict recurrence of adamanti-nomatous craniopharyngiomas in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a benign but maldevelopmental tumor with a high recurrence rate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Theaim of this study was to investigate the dysregulated biological molecules that play important roles in the recurrence of ACP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first performed microarray analysis on tumor samples from two pediatric patients with recurrent ACP and from two pediatric ACP patients without recurrence after a one-year follow-up. The expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in 45 specimens of pediatric ACP was further evaluated by immunohistochemistry. These results were correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and survival of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four downregulated genes (APC, ITGA, MCAM, and TIMP4) and 16 upregulated genes (CST7, CTSK, CTSL1, CXCL12, CXCR4, FN1, FXYD5, ITGB3, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9, NR4A3, PLAUR, TIMP2, and VEGFA) were found in the recurrent patients. CXCL12 and CXCR4 were highly expressed in 13 patients (28.9%) and 14 patients (31.1%), respectively. High levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression were significantly associated with a poor recurrence-free survival and were the prognostic factors for ACP recurrence in pediatric patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression were associated with ACP recurrence. The role of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the development of brain tumors requires further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei United University, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Haili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei United University, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Shushan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei United University, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Wanning
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4
keywords: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma; CXCL12; CXCR4; Ki-67; recurrence