title: Reference interval determination for anabasine: a biomarker of active tobacco use.
abstract: Laboratory detection of nicotine exposure is important for establishing eligibility for organ transplant and elective surgery. Nicotine testing is also used to verify compliance with nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), smoking cessation programs and for life insurance purposes. Nicotine metabolites, such as cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, are used as biomarkers of nicotine exposure. For some clinical applications, it is important to distinguish between active use of tobacco products versus NRT. Anabasine is a tobacco alkaloid that has been used as a biomarker of active tobacco use. However, the use of anabasine as an insecticide, and its presence in consumables other than nicotine products, suggests that anabasine may not be specific to tobacco use/exposure. Here, we determine the reference interval for anabasine in the urine of nonsmokers and compare it to the range of anabasine concentrations observed in the presence or absence of nicotine metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Suh-Lailam
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Haglock-Adler
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Carlisle
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA gwen.mcmillin@aruplab.com.
authors.forename: Gwendolyn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: McMillin
mesh_terms: D000691:Anabasine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009538:Nicotine; D000691:Anabasine