title: The incidence of genitourinary and gastrointestinal complications in open and endoscopic gynecologic cancer surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of genitourinary and intestinal tract injuries in an effort to identify which factors might predispose a patient to developing one of these surgical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the charts of gynecologic cancer patients who were treated at a single medical institution from January 2002 to February 2011. The following study variables were noted for evaluation: age, BMI, cancer origin, disease recurrence, a history of pelvic surgery, surgery type, operative approach and injury classification (genitourinary or gastrointestinal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our group of 1,618 patients, a total of 47 (2.9%) gastrointestinal and 18 (1.1%) genitourinary tract injuries were encountered. There were no intraoperative-related deaths but 2 patients expired 1 month after surgery. Logistic regression indicated that surgery type, undergoing an open procedure, cancerous involvement of the bowel or genitourinary tract and a history of pelvic surgery were significant predictors of operative injury occurrence [χ(2) (28) = 167.22; p < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We ascertained a relatively low incidence of gastrointestinal and genitourinary complications. Nevertheless, undergoing an open procedure, a history of pelvic surgery and surgical involvement of the bowel or genitourinary tract were predictive of an increased risk for these aforementioned injuries.
authors.affiliation: The Nancy Yeary Women's Cancer Research Foundation, Newport Beach, Calif., USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rettenmaier
authors.forename: Nicholas B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Rettenmaier
authors.forename: Lisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Abaid
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Micha
authors.forename: Alberto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mendivil
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.forename: Bram H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Maurie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies