title: THE CRIMINAL PSYCHOPATH: HISTORY, NEUROSCIENCE, TREATMENT, AND ECONOMICS.
abstract: The manuscript surveys the history of psychopathic personality, from its origins in psychiatric folklore to its modern assessment in the forensic arena. Individuals with psychopathic personality, or psychopaths, have a disproportionate impact on the criminal justice system. Psychopaths are twenty to twenty-five times more likely than non-psychopaths to be in prison, four to eight times more likely to violently recidivate compared to non-psychopaths, and are resistant to most forms of treatment. This article presents the most current clinical efforts and neuroscience research in the field of psychopathy. Given psychopathy's enormous impact on society in general and on the criminal justice system in particular, there are significant benefits to increasing awareness of the condition. This review also highlights a recent, compelling and cost-effective treatment program that has shown a significant reduction in violent recidivism in youth on a putative trajectory to psychopathic personality.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico; Director, Mobile Imaging Core and Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network for Neurodiagnostic Discovery; Member, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation's Law and Neuroscience Project. The author would like to thank Daniel Valenti, Prashanth Nyalakanti, and Eyal Aharoni for their assistance with editing figures and Whitney Schulte for her help with citations.
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kiehl
authors.affiliation: District Judge, Second Judicial District (Denver), State of Colorado; Research Fellow, Gruter Institute for Law and Behavioral Research; Member, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation's Law and Neuroscience Project. The author would like to thank his law clerk, Cameron Munier, and a former intern, Ethan Ice, for their research and editorial help. Both authors are indebted to the following people for their comments on earlier drafts: Albert Alschuler, Stephanos Bibas, Michael Canges, Joshua Dressler, Joshua Greene, Marc Hauser, Stephen Morse and William Pizzi.
authors.forename: Morris B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hoffman