title: Hybridization quality and bond strength of adhesive systems according to interaction with dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hybridization quality and bond strength of adhesives to dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten human molars were ground to expose the dentin and then sectioned in four tooth-quarters. They were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the adhesive used: Two single-step self-etch adhesives - Adper Prompt (ADP) and Xeno III (XE), two two-step self-etching primer systems - Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and Adhe SE (ADSE), and one one-step etch-and-rinse system - Adper Single Bond (SB). Resin composite (Filtek Z250) crown buildups were made on the bonded surfaces and incrementally light-cured for 20 s. The restored tooth-quarters were stored in water at 37°C for 24 h and then sectioned into beams (0.8 mm(2) in cross-section). Maximal microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS) was recorded (0.5 mm/min in crosshead speed). The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Thirty additional teeth were used to investigate the hybridization quality by SEM using silver methenamine or ammoniacal silver nitrate dyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SE reached significantly higher μ-TBS (P < 0.05); no significance was found between ADSE and XE (P > 0.05), and between SB and ADP (P > 0.05); ADSE and XE were significantly higher than SB and ADP (P < 0.05). The bonding interface of SB showed the most intense silver uptake. SE and ADSE showed more favorable hybridization quality than that observed for ADP and XE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bond strength and hybridization quality were affected by the interaction form of the adhesives with dentin. The hybridization quality was essential to improve the immediate μ-TBS to dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Andrea
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salvio
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Group, School of Dentistry, Bandeirante University of São Paulo, Anhanguera-Uniban, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Hipólito
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Luis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario Fernando
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Goes
keywords: Adhesive systems; ammoniacal silver nitrate; bond strength; hybrid layer; silver methenamine