title: The diagnosis and management of common sleep disorders in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep problems in adolescents are very common and negatively impact the quality of their health and lives, yet often go undiagnosed. This review is meant to familiarize pediatricians with some of the more commonly encountered sleep disorders in this age group, and to review their diagnosis and management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent findings reinforce the ubiquity of insufficient and poor-quality sleep in teens and their consequences on physical and mental health, cognition, and behavior. Increasing use of technology by teens, especially at night, plays a growing role in this. Parentally set bedtimes can be effective in increasing the sleep duration, thereby diminishing the consequences of insufficient sleep. Parasomnias, common in early childhood, usually diminish with the transition into adolescence. An almost 10-fold increase in the incidence of narcolepsy has been reported following the use of one type of vaccination against influenza H1N1 in Europe. Recent guidelines for the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea are reviewed, as are recent guidelines pertaining to the management of sleep disorders of children on the autism spectrum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disorders in adolescents are both very common and underdiagnosed, adversely affecting their overall well being.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School bCenter for Pediatric Sleep Disorders cDivision of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011788:Quality of Life; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines