title: Current and emerging biomarkers of cell death in human disease.
abstract: Cell death is a critical biological process, serving many important functions within multicellular organisms. Aberrations in cell death can contribute to the pathology of human diseases. Significant progress made in the research area enormously speeds up our understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell death. According to the distinct morphological and biochemical characteristics, cell death can be triggered by extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death, and mitotic catastrophe. Nevertheless, the realization that all of these efforts seek to pursue an effective treatment and cure for the disease has spurred a significant interest in the development of promising biomarkers of cell death to early diagnose disease and accurately predict disease progression and outcome. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about cell death, survey current and emerging biomarkers of cell death, and discuss the relationship with human diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Kongning
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Deng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Zhengqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoman
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0697-9075
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis; D009336:Necrosis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers