title: Characteristics of eyes with inner retinal cleavage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inner retinal cleavage can be misdiagnosed as a glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect. This study was performed to characterize eyes with inner retinal cleavage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner retinal cleavage is defined as the appearance of a dark spindle-shaped space between the nerve fibers. Patients who presented at our institution with inner retinal cleavage were enrolled in the study. All participants were evaluated by fundus examination, visual field testing with standard automated perimetry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 15 eyes of 11 subjects with inner retinal cleavage were included in the study. The median age of the subjects was 57 years (age range, 30-67 years). In each case, inner retinal cleavage was located adjacent to retinal blood vessels. Tissue bridging the cleavage area was observed in ten eyes. Six eyes had epiretinal membranes (ERMs), two eyes had glaucoma, and one eye had ERM in addition to glaucoma. Six eyes with inner retinal cleavage without combined ocular abnormalities had highly myopic refractive error (-6.50 to -8.50 diopters). Cross-sectional OCT images of the areas of inner retinal cleavage demonstrated defects with irregular margins and empty spaces in the inner layers of the retina. During the follow-up period, no eye showed changes in inner retinal layer cleavage or visual field sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inner retinal cleavage was found in eyes with high myopia or ERMs. Inner retinal cleavage was associated with structural changes distinct from those associated with glaucomatous RNFL defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, #156 Youngdeungpo-dong 4ga, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 150-034, South Korea, brainh@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yong Yeon
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwang Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000175:diagnosis; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology