title: Anti-sRAGE autoimmunity in obesity: downturn after bariatric surgery is independent of previous diabetic status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Morbid obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is implicated in proinflammatory processes that underlie CVD. Its soluble form (sRAGE) has been proposed as a vascular biomarker. Recently, anti-sRAGE autoantibodies were described and found to be increased in diseases where RAGE is overexpressed. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of anti-sRAGE autoantibodies in morbidly obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  After exclusion based on specific criteria, 150 subjects (50 normoglycemics, 50 glucose-intolerants and 50 diabetics) were randomly recruited from a cohort of 750 obese patients (ABOS). Serum sRAGE and anti-sRAGE autoantibodies were measured before bariatric surgery. Sixty-nine patients were followed for up to 1year after gastric bypass, and their levels of sRAGE and anti-sRAGE autoantibodies measured. The control group consisted of healthy blood donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, baseline levels of sRAGE and anti-sRAGE autoantibodies were significantly higher in all obese patients independently of glucose regulation (P<0.001). At 1year after gastric bypass, sRAGE and anti-sRAGE were decreased (P<0.001). The decrease in anti-sRAGE autoantibodies was correlated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independently of previous diabetic status, morbid obesity increases sRAGE and anti-sRAGE levels. Weight loss after gastric bypass is followed by a decrease in both titres. The decrease in anti-sRAGE correlates with an increase in HDL.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, EA2693, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Lille Regional University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pattou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, EA2694, CERIM, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Beuscart
authors.affiliation: Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, EA2693, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grossin
authors.affiliation: Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, EA2693, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes, Lille Regional University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Lille Regional University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caiazzo
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Lille Regional University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pigeyre
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Lille Regional University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patrice
authors.affiliation: Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, EA2693, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France; Department of Nephrology, Duchenne Hospital, 62321 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daroux
authors.affiliation: Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, EA2693, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France. Electronic address: eric.boulanger@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Homeostasis and Deregulation Unit, EA2686, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubucquoi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic
keywords: Anti-sRAGE; Bariatric surgery; Biomarker; Diabetes; Obesity