title: Clinical therapeutic strategies for early stage of diabetic kidney disease.
abstract: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, leading to end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease. The overall number of patients with DKD will continue to increase in parallel with the increasing global pandemic of type 2 diabetes. Based on landmark clinical trials, DKD has become preventable by controlling conventional factors, including hyperglycemia and hypertension, with multifactorial therapy; however, the remaining risk of DKD progression is still high. In this review, we show the importance of targeting remission/regression of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients, which may protect against the progression of DKD and cardiovascular events. To achieve remission/regression of microalbuminuria, several steps are important, including the early detection of microalbuminuria with continuous screening, targeting HbA1c < 7.0% for glucose control, the use of renin angiotensin system inhibitors to control blood pressure, the use of statins or fibrates to control dyslipidemia, and multifactorial treatment. Reducing microalbuminuria is therefore an important therapeutic goal, and the absence of microalbuminuria could be a pivotal biomarker of therapeutic success in diabetic patients. Other therapies, including vitamin D receptor activation, uric acid-lowering drugs, and incretin-related drugs, may also be promising for the prevention of DKD progression.
authors.affiliation: Munehiro Kitada, Keizo Kanasaki, Daisuke Koya, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.affiliation: Munehiro Kitada, Keizo Kanasaki, Daisuke Koya, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanasaki
authors.affiliation: Munehiro Kitada, Keizo Kanasaki, Daisuke Koya, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koya
keywords: Diabetic kidney disease; Glycemic control; Multifactorial therapy; Remission and regression of albuminuria; Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor