title: Association of temporomandibular disorder symptoms with anxiety and depression in Portuguese college students.
abstract: We investigated the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and its association with anxiety and depression among 1,493 Portuguese college students (age 17-69 years) at Piaget Institute. The assessment instruments were the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. TMD was present in 633 (42.4%) students, and anxiety or depression was present in 456 (30.5%) students. Regarding the association of TMD with anxiety and depression, 280 of the 633 students (61.4%) with TMD symptoms also had signs of anxiety or depression (P < 0.001). As compared with men, women had an odds ratio of 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.53-2.46; P < 0.001) for TMD. As compared with students without signs of anxiety or depression, students with such signs had an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval: 2.42-3.84; P < 0.001) for TMD. College students from various fields of study and regions of Portugal had a high prevalence of TMD, which was significantly associated with anxiety and depression.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Minghelli
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgado
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult