title: In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease.
abstract: Periodontal disease is a common disease of dogs and cats often requiring antimicrobial treatment as an adjunct to mechanical debridement. However, correct compliance with oral antimicrobial therapy in companion animals is often difficult. Cefovecin is a recently introduced veterinary cephalosporin that has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days. Subgingival samples were collected from the oral cavity of 29 dogs and eight cats exhibiting grade 2 or grade 3 periodontal disease. Samples were cultivated on Wilkin Chalgrens agar and incubated in an anaerobic chamber for seven days. Selected anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for cefovecin and six additional antimicrobials using the agar dilution methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The 65 clinical isolates were identified as Porphyromonas gulae (n = 45), Porphyromonas crevioricanis (n = 12), Porphyromonas macacae (n = 1), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (n = 1) Fusobacterium nucleatum (n = 2), Fusobacterium russii (n = 1) and Solobacterium moorei (n = 3). This is the first report of S. moorei being isolated from companion animals with periodontal disease. All isolates were highly susceptible to cefovecin, with a MIC90 of ≤0.125 μg/ml. Conversely, different resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin between isolates were detected. Cefovecin is thus shown to be effective in vitro against anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy 5371, Australia. Electronic address: Manouchehr.khazandi@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazandi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Trott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D002415:Cats; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C516253:cefovecin
keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Cefovecin; Periodontal disease; Porphyromonas; Solobacterium