title: Toll-like receptor 3 inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication through activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the type-1 interferon pathway.
abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that can selectively replicate in and destroy human tumor cells. In this report, we demonstrate that NDV infection in HeLa cells leads to the activation of the pattern recognition Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Overexpression of TLR3 enhanced the activity of the IFN-β promoter and the transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-κB), thereby decreasing viral protein synthesis and the virus titer. In addition, the reduction of endogenous TLR3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased NDV replication. Similar anti-NDV effects were observed in DF-1 chicken fibroblast cells with the exogenous expression of chicken TLR3 (cTLR3). Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells indicated that the dsRNA generated during NDV replication colocalized with TLR3 in punctate subcellular structures. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that TLR3 actively participates in the recognition of the innate pro-inflammatory response after NDV infection and leads to the consequent antiviral cytokine/interferon secretion.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fanqing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shilei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shengqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xusheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yantao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D016899:Interferon-beta