title: Proportional evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament footprint size and knee bony morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to reveal the correlation in size between the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) footprint and the femoral intercondylar notch and the tibia plateau, and to calculate the proportion in size between the ACL footprint and knee bony morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six non-paired human cadaver knees were used. All soft tissues around the knee were resected except the ACL. The ACL was cut in the middle, and the femoral bone was cut at the most proximal point of the femoral notch. The ACL was carefully dissected, and the periphery of the ACL insertion site was outlined on both the femoral and tibial sides. An accurate lateral view of the femoral condyle and an axial view of the tibial plateau were photographed with a digital camera, and the images were downloaded to a personal computer. The size of the femoral and tibial ACL footprints and the area of the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch and the tibia plateau were measured with Image J software (National Institution of Health).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sizes of the native femoral and tibial ACL footprints were 69.8 ± 25 and 133.8 ± 31.3 mm(2), respectively. The areas of the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch and the tibia plateau were 390.5 ± 70.5 and 2,281.7 ± 377.3 mm(2), respectively. The femoral ACL footprint area and the area of the lateral wall of the femoral intercondylar notch (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.603, p = 0.001), and the tibial ACL footprint area and the area of the tibia plateau (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.452, p = 0.02) both showed significant correlation. The femoral ACL footprint was 17.8 ± 4.9 %, the size of the lateral wall of the femoral intercondylar notch, and the tibial ACL footprint was 5.9 ± 1.3 %, the size of the tibia plateau.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For clinical relevance, the femoral ACL footprint is approximately 18 %, the size of the intercondylar notch, and the tibial ACL footprint is approximately 6 %, the size of the tibia plateau. It might be possible to predict the size of the ACL measuring these parameters preoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kamimoku Hot Springs Hospital, Minakami, Japan. sekaiwoseisu@yahoo.co.jp.|Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. sekaiwoseisu@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iriuchishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keinosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Freddie H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Anatomy; Anterior cruciate ligament; Double bundle; Prediction