title: Serum fractalkine and interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 concentrations are early detection markers for acute renal allograft rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine if characterization of serum concentrations of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10), fractalkine, and their receptors (CXCR3 and CX3CR1) were predictive of acute allograft rejection in kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kidney transplant recipients (n = 52) were enrolled in this study and divide into either the acute rejection (AR, n = 15) or non-acute rejection (NAR, n = 35) groups. Serum samples from recipients were collected 1 day prior to transplantation and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 post-transplantation. The accuracy of chemokine concentrations for predicting acute rejection episodes was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AR was diagnosed in 15 patients based on histologic changes to renal biopsies. AR patients had significantly higher serum fractalkine, CXCR1, IP-10, and CXCR3 levels compared to levels observed in the NAR group and healthy controls. Fractalkine and IP-10 had the largest area under the ROC curve at 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.96). Following steroid therapy, chemokine levels decreased, which may serve to predict the therapeutic response to steroid therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measuring serum levels of fractalkine, IP-10, and their receptors (especially the fractalkine/IP-10 combination) may serve as a noninvasive approach for the early diagnosis of renal allograft rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: suz2008@126.com.
authors.forename: Z-X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: L-P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urinary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000097:blood*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10