title: Assessment of agro-industrial and composted organic wastes for reducing the potential leaching of triazine herbicide residues through the soil.
abstract: In this study, we examined the effect of four different organic wastes--composted sheep manure (CSM), spent coffee grounds (SCG), composted pine bark (CPB) and coir (CR)--on the sorption, persistence and mobility of eight symmetrical and two asymmetrical-triazine herbicides: atrazine, propazine, simazine, terbuthylazine (chlorotriazines), prometon (methoxytriazine), prometryn, simetryn, terbutryn (methylthiotriazines), metamitron and metribuzin (triazinones). The downward movement of herbicides was monitored using disturbed soil columns packed with a clay loam soil (Hipercalcic calcisol) under laboratory conditions. For unamended and amended soils, the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) was calculated for each herbicide on the basis of its persistence (as t½) and mobility (as KOC). All herbicides showed medium/high leachability through the unamended soils. The addition of agro-industrial and composted organic wastes at a rate of 10% (w:w) strongly decreased the mobility of herbicides. Sorption coefficients normalized to the total soil organic carbon (KOC) increased in the amended soils. These results suggest that used organic wastes could be used to enhance the retention and reduce the mobility of the studied herbicides in soil.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Calidad y Garantía Alimentaria, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fenoll
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de Los Jerónimos, s/n, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ginés
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Lucas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: snavarro@um.es.
authors.forename: Simón
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D014227:Triazines
keywords: Aqueous/soil environment; GUS indexes; Half-life; Herbicide mobility; Soil sorption constant