title: The use of botulinum toxin in otorhinolaryngology: an updated review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of botulinum toxin in Otorhinolaryngology has rapidly expanded over the last decade. Current observation is that the use of botulinum toxin in Otorhinolaryngology is relatively poorly acknowledged by Otorhinolaryngologists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarise the non-cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin in Otorhinolaryngology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative.
  A literature search was performed using the Medline and Embase databases. Combinations of 'botulinum toxin' with each indication were searched. A citation was included if it evaluated a non-cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in Otorhinolaryngology. Eligibility of studies was assessed by two reviewers. A total of 1187 abstracts were reviewed and 97 articles identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin provides an effective and minimally invasive treatment option in a wide range of non-cosmetic indications. Side-effects are few and transient with an excellent safety profile. Ongoing research is required to fully critically appraise its uses.
authors.affiliation: Academic Surgery, Northwest Thames Foundation School, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mandavia
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dessouky
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods*; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D001905:Botulinum Toxins