title: Selenium supplementation shows protective effects against patulin-induced brain damage in mice via increases in GSH-related enzyme activity and expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of selenium supplementation on patulin-induced neurotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were subjected to patulin for 8 weeks. Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and selenium-methionine (Se-Met) were supplemented with the diet, and we investigated the effects of selenium on patulin-induced neurotoxicity. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups containing 6-8 mice each. The first group was used as a control, and only physiological saline (0.9%) was injected. The second group was treated with patulin (1mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The third group was treated with patulin (1mg/kg) along with a dietary supplementation of Na2SeO3 (0.2mg Se/kg of diet). The fourth group was treated with patulin (1mg/kg) plus Se-Met (0.2mg Se/kg of diet).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patulin treatment increased oxidative damage in the brain, as evidenced by a decrease in non-protein thiol and total thiol groups, along with significant increases in GSSG, reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels. Moreover, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase were inhibited with patulin treatment. Selenium supplementation significantly ameliorated these biological parameter changes. In addition, selenium treatments significantly increased the mRNA levels of GPx-1, GPx-4 and thioredoxin reductase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that selenium supplementation increases the activity and expression of glutathione-related enzymes and offers significant protection against brain damage induced by patulin.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Erqun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuanyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juanli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Siyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Congxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiyin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanmei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: songyangwenrong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010365:Patulin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012645:Selenomethionine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014131:Trace Elements; D010365:Patulin; D012645:Selenomethionine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D018038:Sodium Selenite
keywords: Antioxidant; Brain; Glutathione peroxidase; Oxidative damage; Patulin; Selenium