title: Epilepsy, energy deficiency and new therapeutic approaches including diet.
abstract: Metabolic dysfunction leading to epilepsy is well recognised. Dietary therapy, in particular the ketogenic diet, is now considered an effective option. Recent genetic studies have highlighted the central role that metabolism can play in setting seizure susceptibility. Here we discuss various metabolic disorders implicated in epilepsy focusing on energy deficiency due to genetic and environmental causes. We argue that low, uncompensated brain glucose levels can precipitate seizures. We will also explore mechanisms of disease and therapy in an attempt to identify common metabolic pathways involved in modulating seizure susceptibility. Finally, newer therapeutic approaches based on diet manipulation in the context of energy deficiency are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. Electronic address: careid@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Tae Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrou
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000172:deficiency; D055423:Diet, Ketogenic / Q000379:methods*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000172:deficiency; D006801:Humans; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D054086:KATP Channels; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D005947:Glucose; D003401:Creatine
keywords: Epilepsy; GLUT1-deficiency; Glucose; Ketogenic diet; Metabolism