title: Evaluation of ceftiofur-PHBV microparticles in rats.
abstract: Despite the high number of antibiotics used for the treatment of infectious disease in animals, the development of slow release formulations presents a significant challenge, particularly in using novel biomaterials with low cost. In this report, we studied the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and therapeutic activity of ceftiofur-PHBV (ceftiofur-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) in rats. The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated a sustained release of ceftiofur into the bloodstream, with detectable levels over the minimum inhibitory concentration for at least 17 days after a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur-PHBV (10 mg/kg weight). In addition, the toxicological evaluation of biochemical, hematological, and coagulation blood parameters at the therapeutic dose demonstrated the safety of ceftiofur-PHBV, with no adverse effects. In addition, ceftiofur-PHBV exhibited a therapeutic effect for a longer time period than the nonencapsulated ceftiofur in rats challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. The slow release of ceftiofur from the ceftiofur-PHBV, its low toxicity in the blood parameters evaluated, and the efficacy in the rats infected with Salmonella Typhimurium make ceftiofur-PHBV a strong candidate for biotechnological applications in the veterinary industry.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Constandil
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Paula I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Rodas
authors.affiliation: CIMA, Department of Integral Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantin
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zepeda
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago ; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ecuador, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Velasquez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011091:Polyesters / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D011091:Polyesters; C052620:poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate); D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates; C053503:ceftiofur
keywords: Salmonella Typhimurium; blood parameters; drug delivery; microparticles; rat infection model