title: In vivo optical imaging of cancer metastasis using multiphoton microscopy: a short review.
abstract: Intravital (in vivo) microscopy using fluorescently-tagged proteins is a valuable tool for imaging the expression of a specific protein, its subcellular location and the dynamics of specific cell populations in living animals. Recently, multiphoton microscopy including two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) has been used in the field of tumor biology due to its ability to image target organs at higher magnification and at deeper depths from the tissue surface for longer time periods. We developed a method of in vivo real-time imaging for tumor metastasis using TPLSM with an organ stabilizing system, which allow us to observe not only a single tumor cell and its microenvironment for a long time, but also to observe the same organ of the same mouse at multiple time points in preclinical models. Here, we presented in vivo real-time images of 1) tumor cell arrest, 2) tumor cell-platelet interaction, 3) tumor cell-leukocyte interaction, and 4) metastatic colonization at the secondary organs as representative steps of metastatic process of experimental liver metastasis models using TPLSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinaga
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okigami
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
keywords: Cancer; metastasis; multiphoton microscopy