title: Targeting macrophage subsets for infarct repair.
abstract: Macrophages are involved in every cardiovascular disease and are an attractive therapeutic target. Macrophage activation is complex and can be either beneficial or deleterious, depending upon its mode of action, its timing, and its duration. An important macrophage characteristic is its plasticity, which enables it to switch from one subset to another. Macrophages, which regulate healing and repair after myocardial infarction, have become a major target for both treatment and diagnosis (theranostic). The aim of the present review is to describe the recent discoveries related to targeting and modulating of macrophage function to improve infarct repair. We will briefly review macrophage polarization, plasticity, heterogeneity, their role in infarct repair, regeneration, and cross talk with mesenchymal cells. Particularly, we will focus on the potential of macrophage targeting in situ by liposomes. The ability to modulate macrophage function could delineate pathways to reactivate the endogenous programs of myocardial regeneration. This will eventually lead to development of small molecules or biologics to enhance the endogenous programs of regeneration and repair.
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-hashomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben-Mordechai
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-hashomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palevski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yifat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Glucksam-Galnoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Inbar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elron-Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Rimona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margalit
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-hashomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel-Hashomer, Israel leorj@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products
keywords: heart; liposomes; macrophage; monocyte; myocardial infarction; nanomedicine; theranostic