title: An Informational Algorithm as the Basis for Perception-Action Control of the Instantaneous Axes of the Knee.
abstract: Traditional locomotion studies emphasize an optimization of the desired movement trajectories while ignoring sensory feedback. We propose an information based theory that locomotion is neither triggered nor commanded but controlled. The basis for this control is the information derived from perceiving oneself in the world. Control therefore lies in the human-environment system. In order to test this hypothesis, we derived a mathematical foundation characterizing the energy that is required to perform a rotational twist, with small amplitude, of the instantaneous axes of the knee (IAK). We have found that the joint's perception of the ground reaction force may be replaced by the co-perception of muscle activation with appropriate intensities. This approach generated an accurate comparison with known joint forces and appears appropriate in so far as predicting the effect on the knee when it is free to twist about the IAK.
authors.affiliation: Univ Tecn Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, SPERTLAB, Estrada da Costa, P-1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Wangdo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Univ Tecn Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, SPERTLAB, Estrada da Costa, P-1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Espanha
authors.affiliation: Univ Tecn Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, SPERTLAB, Estrada da Costa, P-1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: António P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.affiliation: Univ Tecn Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, SPERTLAB, Estrada da Costa, P-1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Duarte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Univ Tecn Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, SPERTLAB, Estrada da Costa, P-1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: João
authors.affiliation: Univ Tecn Lisboa, Fac Motricidade Humana, CIPER, LBMF, SPERTLAB, Estrada da Costa, P-1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrão
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Bioengineering Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Sean S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kohles
keywords: Ball-Disteli diagram; Ball’s screw theory; Bellman’s principle of optimality; Gibson’s theory of affordance; Muscle synergies; Perception-action coupling manifold; minimum information principle