title: Degradation of estrone in water and wastewater by various advanced oxidation processes.
abstract: A comprehensive study was conducted to determine the relative efficacy of various advanced oxidation processes such as O3, H2O2, UV, and combinations of UV/O3, UV/H2O2 for the removal of estrone (E1) from pure water and secondary effluent. In addition to the parent compound (E1) removal, performance of the advanced oxidation processes was characterized using removal of total organic carbon (TOC), and estrogenicity of the effluent. Although E1 removal was high for all the AOPs, intermediates formed were more difficult to degrade leading to slow TOC removal. Energy calculations and cost analysis indicated that, although UV processes have low electricity cost, ozonation is the least cost option ($ 0.34/1000 gallons) when both capital and operating costs were taken into account. Ozonation also is superior to the other tested AOPs due to higher removal of TOC and estrogenicity. The rate of E1 removal decreased linearly with the background TOC in water, however, E1 degradation in the secondary effluent from a local wastewater treatment plant was not affected significantly due to the low COD values in the effluent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada.
authors.forename: Shubhajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada.
authors.forename: Sura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rehmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakhla
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada. Electronic address: mray@eng.uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Madhumita B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D004970:Estrone / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D060766:Drinking Water; D004970:Estrone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D016877:Oxidants; D010126:Ozone; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: AOP; Estrone (E1); Secondary effluent; Total organic carbon; Yeast estrogen screen assay