title: Age-related changes in anatomic bases for the insertion of zygomatic implants.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to verify whether Chinese patients are well-suited for zygomatic implantation and to observe age-related changes in the linear and angular anatomic bases of the maxilla and zygoma. Using three-dimensional images selected from maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans generated by SimPlant, linear and angular measurements were obtained by simulating zygomatic implantation. The edentulous group comprised 40 subjects aged between 62 and 65 years. A total of 120 dentate cases were divided into three groups based on age: the established occlusion group (n=40; 12-15 years old), the adult group (n=40; 37-40 years old), and the elderly group (n=40; 62-65 years old). The mean potential insertion length of the ordinary and additional zygomatic implants became longer with age in the dentate groups. For both zygomatic implant insertion areas, the anteroposterior lengths of the maxilla and zygoma were thicker in the older dentate groups (P<0.05). Significant differences were verified in the installation direction among the dentate groups. Gender was not a significant factor. The zygomatic skeleton changes with age, which results in linear and angular variations in the zygomatic implant insertion area. Therefore, the anatomic bases in Chinese adults are suitable for zygomatic implants.
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China; Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: L-F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Prosthodontics and Implants, Jiangsu Provincial Stomatology Hospital, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: C-B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Stomatology, Gaoyou People's Hospital, Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: W-B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: D-M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y-Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Radiology, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Radiology, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: W-Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: yunongwu@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Y-N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015050:Zygoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: age-related changes; anatomy; bone thickness; cone beam computed tomography (CBCT); installing direction; zygomatic implants