title: SLC23A2-05 (rs4987219) and KRAS-LCS6 (rs61764370) polymorphisms in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: Cancer is a genetic disease that is highly influenced by environmental factors. To determine the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, two polymorphisms, solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2-05 [rs4987219]) and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-LCS6 (rs61764370), and environmental factors, including smoking and alcohol consumption, were studied in a population. The present study included 165 males diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The control group consisted of 230 healthy male subjects without cancer or a family history of cancer. The SLC23A2-05 and KRAS-LCS6 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion. All patients and healthy subjects were assessed with regard to their smoking habit and alcohol consumption as these are considered to be risk factors for cancer. The statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression, Fisher's exact and χ2tests. Additional analyses were performed using the programs, multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR; version 2.0) and MDR permutation test (version 0.4.7), which consider all variables as risk factors simultaneously. The results of the present study demonstrate that the SLC23A2-05 and KRAS-LCS6 polymorphisms are not a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In the same samples, the association of alcohol consumption (P<0.001) and smoking habit (P<0.001) with cancer presence was positive when each variable was considered individually. Concerning the environmental factors, a positive association of smoking habit and alcohol consumption with cancer, although not with ethnicity (ratio, 1.0244; testing balance accuracy, 0.8733; P<0.001) was identified using the MDR tool, which analyzed the variables and polymorphism genotypes simultaneously. In conclusion, in the present study, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was highly affected by environmental factors when compared with the affect of SLC23A2-05 and KRAS-LCS6 polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília Bueno
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil ; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: DE Lima Marson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Secolin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Dirceu
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen Sílvia Passos
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Pediatrics Research, CIPED, University of Campinas, University City Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carmen Silvia
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bertuzzo
keywords: head and neck cancer; modifier genes; multifactor dimensionality reduction; permutation test; polymorphisms; solute carrier family 23 member 2; v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog