title: Exploring how nurses and managers perceive shared governance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nurse managers have a pivotal role in the success of unit-based councils, which include direct care nurses. These councils establish shared governance to provide innovative, quality-based, and cost-effective nursing care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explored differences between direct care nurses' and nurse managers' perceptions of factors affecting direct care nurses' participation in unit-based and general shared governance activities and nurse engagement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a survey research study, 425 direct care RNs and nurse managers were asked to complete a 26-item research survey addressing 16 shared governance factors; 144 participated (response rate = 33.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most nurse participants provided direct care (N = 129, 89.6%; nurse managers = 15, 10.4%), were older than 35 (75.6%), had more than 5 years of experience (76.4%), and worked more than 35 hours per week (72.9%). Direct care nurses' and managers' perceptions showed a few significant differences. Factors ranked as very important by direct care nurses and managers included direct care nurses perceiving support from unit manager to participate in shared governance activities (84.0%); unit nurses working as a team (79.0%); direct care nurses participating in shared governance activities won't disrupt patient care (76.9%); and direct care nurses will be paid for participating beyond scheduled shifts (71.3%). Overall, 79.2% had some level of engagement in shared governance activities. Managers reported more engagement than direct care nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers and unit-based councils should evaluate nurses' perceptions of manager support, teamwork, lack of disruption to patient care, and payment for participation in shared governance-related activities. These research findings can be used to evaluate hospital practices for direct care nurse participation in unit-based shared governance activities.
authors.affiliation: At Shore Health System in Easton, Md., Janet Wilson is the chair of nursing shared leadership and faculty for Critical Care and Graduate University (a hospital-based nurse residency program); Karen Gabel Speroni is chair of the nursing research council; Ruth Ann Jones is director of acute care; and Marlon G. Daniel is a statistician and faculty for Critical Care and Graduate University.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Karen Gabel
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Speroni
authors.forename: Ruth Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Marlon G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D054976:Clinical Governance / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support