title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lung cancer presenting as ground-glass opacity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of lung cancer patients presenting with ground-glass opacity (GGO) who received radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients (5 men and 11 women; mean age, 72.6 years) with 17 lung cancer lesions showing GGO (mean long axis diameter, 1.6 cm) underwent a total of 20 percutaneous computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided RFA sessions, including three repeated sessions for local progression. Lung cancer with GGO was defined as a histologically confirmed malignant pulmonary lesion with a GGO component accounting for >50 % of the lesion on high-resolution CT. Procedure outcomes were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major complications. Pneumothorax occurred in 15 of 20 treatment sessions: 14 were asymptomatic, and 1 required chest tube placement but resolved satisfactorily within 48 h. Minor pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in two and mild pneumonitis in one. The median tumor follow-up period was 61.5 (range 6.1-96.6) months. The effectiveness rates of the primary and secondary techniques were 100 and 100 % at 1 year, 93.3 and 100 % at 2 years, and 78.3 and 92.3 % at 3 years, respectively. The median patient follow-up period was 65.6 (range 6.1-96.6) months. One patient died owing to recurrent other cancer 11.7 months after RFA, whereas the other 15 remained alive. Overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 93.3 and 100 % at 1 year and 93.3 and 100 % at 5 years, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFA for lung cancer with GGO was safe and effective, and resulted in promising survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan, iguchi@ba2.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gobara
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiura
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome