title: NAT2, XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate associations between polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) genes and risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study involving 117 cases and 224 controls was undertaken. The NAT2 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by automated sequencing and XRCC1 Arg399Gln and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slow metabolization phenotype was significantly associated as a risk factor for the development of UADT cancer (p=0.038). Furthermore, haplotype of slow metabolization was also associated with UADT cancer (p=0.014). The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism (CG or GG vs. CC genotypes) was shown as a protective factor against UADT cancer in moderate smokers (p=0.031). The XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism (GA or AA vs. GG genotypes), in turn, was a protective factor against UADT cancer only among never-drinkers (p=0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interactions involving NAT2, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms may modulate the risk of UADT cancer in this population.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Genetic Epidemiology (LAFEM), Department of Health, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cintia Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biology, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Brazil thiago@uesb.edu.br.
authors.forename: Thiago Magalhães
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dulcineia Martins
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: De Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Genetic Epidemiology (LAFEM), Department of Health, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meiryane Santos
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Genetic Epidemiology (LAFEM), Department of Health, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcilio Ferreira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Marques Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Genetic Epidemiology (LAFEM), Department of Health, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jamille Silva
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Mara Bispo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aguinaldo Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rios-Santos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D004247:DNA; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C479058:oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human
keywords: DNA repair; UADT cancer; alcohol drinking; genetic epidemiology; smoking