title: Immunizations following solid-organ transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the latest evidence for the use of key vaccines that are recommended in organ transplant candidates and recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Influenza vaccine is the best studied vaccine; factors affecting immunogenicity of this vaccine include time from transplant, use of mycophenolate mofetil and type of transplant. Newer formulations of influenza vaccine are available, but data for these are limited. Updated recommendations include giving conjugated pneumococcal vaccine to adult transplant candidates and recipients followed by the polysaccharide vaccine to increase serotype coverage. Human papillomavirus vaccine should also be given to transplant recipients, although the immunogenicity may be suboptimal. Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine needs to be given in special circumstances such as to patients who are starting eculizumab therapy. Live vaccines in general are contraindicated, although increasing safety data are emerging for Varicella vaccine. Herpes Zoster vaccine may be offered prior to transplant, although the utility of this strategy regarding protection from shingles after transplant is not known. Newer vaccines such as inactivated zoster vaccine and vaccines for the prevention of cytomegalovirus are under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunization for organ transplant recipients is an important part of pretransplant evaluation and the long-term care of the transplant recipient.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Deepali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D066027:Transplant Recipients; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines