title: Three transcription factors and the way immune cells affected by different plasma change in opposite ways in the development of the syndrome of pre-eclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  How the transcriptional factors regulated the innate and adaptive immune system in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia are less understood. Nevertheless, what the plasma work in the development of this disease was not sure. The present study was design to evaluate what the transcriptional factors change in innate and adaptive immune system and what the plasma do in this filed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-pregnant women (n = 18), women with clinically normal pregnancies (n = 23) and women with pre-eclampsia (n = 20) were separated from peripheral blood to isolate monocytes and T cells. The purity of monocytes and T cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Monocytes and T cells were stimulated in either lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), respectively. Transcription Factor Arrays were used to screen the transcription factors of interest in comparing of different groups. PBMC were isolated from another 8 non-pregnant samples were co-incubated with different groups of plasma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using whole cell extractions of the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear factor of activated T-cells-1 (NFAT-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 (STAT-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) are up-regulated in monocytes in pregnancy and more so in pre-eclampsia. On the the contrary, NFAT-1, STAT-1 and AP-1 are down-regulated in T cells in pregnancy and more so in pre-eclampsia. A reduction was observed in interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 expression in T cells incubated with pre-eclamptic plasma. An elevation was observed in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1 and IL-12 expression in monocytes incubated with pre-eclamptic plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Innate immunity is over activated and adaptive immunity is over suppressed in the development of pre-eclampsia. NFAT-1, STAT-1 and AP-1 might be the central transcription factors in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. They induced some changes in plasma and "educate" the monocytes and T cells for relevant cytokine production. Successful completion of this study will enhance our understanding of pre-eclampsia and will discover new knowledge beyond pregnancy. The work will inform future therapies for the treatment of a wide range of condition such as transplantation immunology and a wide range of immune and inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai 200127, China. Email: diwen163@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Di
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma