title: Adaptive approaches to licensing, health technology assessment, and introduction of drugs and devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adaptive approaches to the introduction of drugs and medical devices involve the use of an evolving evidence base rather than conventional single-point-in-time evaluations as a proposed means to promote patient access to innovation, reduce clinical uncertainty, ensure effectiveness, and improve the health technology development process.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report summarizes a Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Policy Forum discussion, drawing on presentations from invited experts, discussions among attendees about real-world case examples, and background paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For adaptive approaches to be understood, accepted, and implemented, the Forum identified several key issues that must be addressed. These include the need to define the goals of and to set priorities for adaptive approaches; to examine evidence collection approaches; to clarify the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders; to understand the implications of adaptive approaches on current legal and ethical standards; to determine costs of such approaches and how they will be met; and to identify differences in applying adaptive approaches to drugs versus medical devices. The Forum also explored the different implications of adaptive approaches for various stakeholders, including patients, regulators, HTA/coverage bodies, health systems, clinicians, and industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A key outcome of the meeting was a clearer understanding of the opportunities and challenges adaptive approaches present. Furthermore, the Forum brought to light the critical importance of recognizing and including a full range of stakeholders as contributors to a shared decision-making model implicit in adaptive pathways in future discussions on, and implementation of, adaptive approaches.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Economics;Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine,University of Ottawa;University for Health Sciences,Medical Informatics, and Technology.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husereau
authors.affiliation: Economics Research Group,Brunel University;Health Technology Assessment International Policy Forum.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henshall
authors.affiliation: Health Technology Assessment International.
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jivraj
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D003657:Decision Making; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D018795:Device Approval; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D018973:Intellectual Property; D040541:Marketing; D011050:Policy Making; D012107:Research Design; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014481:United States