title: Associations of sexually transmitted infections with condom problems among young men who have sex with men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are disproportionately infected with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condom use is the most widely available means of preventing the transmission of STIs, but effectiveness depends on correct use. Condom errors such as using an oil-based lubricant have been associated with condom failures such as breakage. Little research has been done on the impact of condom problems on the likelihood of contracting an STI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from Crew 450, a longitudinal study of HIV risk among YMSM (N = 450). All self-report data were collected using computer-assisted self-interview technology, and clinical testing was done for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly all participants made at least 1 error, with high rates of using oil-based lubricant and incomplete use. No differences were found in rates of condom problems during anal sex with a man versus vaginal sex with a woman. Black YMSM reported significantly higher use of oil-based lubricants than white and Hispanic YMSM, an error significantly associated with HIV status (adjusted odds ratio, 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-6.51). Participants who reported a condom failure were significantly more likely to have an STI (adjusted odds ratio, 3.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-8.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young men who have sex with men report high rates of condom problems, and condom failures were significantly associated with STIs after controlling for unprotected sex. Educational programs are needed to enhance correct condom use among YMSM. Further research is needed on the role of oil-based lubricants in explaining racial disparities in STIs and HIV.
authors.affiliation: From the *Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and †Anne and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mustanski
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garofalo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004868:Equipment Failure; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D054327:Lubricants / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex; D012736:Sex Education; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D054327:Lubricants