title: Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: Hydrogen is considered to be a novel antioxidant as it inhibits inflammation, removes oxygen-derived free radicals and reduces oxidative damage. This study investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS). The UHS model was induced by arterial bleeding and tail amputation. The rats were randomly divided into: Group A (sham-operated group), Group B [shock + intravenously (IV) injected saline], Group C (shock + IV-injected hydrogen-rich saline), Group D [shock + intraperitoneally (IP) injected saline] and Group E (shock + IP-injected hydrogen-rich saline). The survival rate 24 h after successful resuscitation was calculated. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at 0, 30, 90 and 210 min. The plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, SOD and MDA were measured at 0, 90 and 210 min. The survival rate of each group was 100% and the hemodynamics among the experimental groups were not significantly different. At 90 and 210 min, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in Groups C and E were lower than those of Groups B and D, while the SOD levels were higher than those of Groups B and D (P<0.01). At 90 min, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in Groups B and C were lower than those of Groups D and E, respectively (P<0.01). Hydrogen-rich saline has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in UHS. In conclusion, the results showed that itravenous injection of hydrogen-rich saline is more effective than intraperitonal injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The 88th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zunmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: DU
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The 88th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The 88th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Institute of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Institute of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
keywords: antioxidant; hydrogen-rich saline; inflammation factor; malondialdehyde; oxidative damage; superoxide dismutase; uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock