title: Evaluation of anticonvulsant actions of dibromophenyl enaminones using in vitro and in vivo seizure models.
abstract: Epilepsy and other seizure disorders are not adequately managed with currently available drugs. We recently synthesized a series of dibromophenyl enaminones and demonstrated that AK6 and E249 were equipotent to previous analogs but more efficacious in suppressing neuronal excitation. Here we examined the actions of these lead compounds on in vitro and in vivo seizure models. In vitro seizures were induced in the hippocampal slice chemically (zero Mg2+ buffer and picrotoxin) and electrically using patterned high frequency stimulation (HFS) of afferents. In vivo seizures were induced in rats using the 6 Hz and the maximal electroshock models. AK6 (10 µM) and E249 (10 µM) depressed the amplitude of population spikes recorded in area CA1 of the hippocampus by -50.5±4.3% and -40.1±3.1% respectively, with partial recovery after washout. In the zero Mg2+ model, AK6 (10 µM) depressed multiple population spiking (mPS) by -59.3±6.9% and spontaneous bursts (SBs) by -65.9±7.2% and in the picrotoxin-model by -43.3±7.2% and -50.0±8.3%, respectively. Likewise, E249 (10 µM) depressed the zero-Mg2+-induced mPS by -48.8±9.5% and SBs by -55.8±15.5%, and in the picrotoxin model by -37.1±5.5% and -56.5±11.4%, respectively. They both suppressed post-HFS induced afterdischarges and SBs. AK6 and E249 dose-dependently protected rats in maximal electroshock and 6 Hz models of in vivo seizures after 30 min pretreatment. Their level of protection in both models was similar to that obtained with phenytoin Finally, while AK6 had no effect on locomotion in rats, phenytoin significantly decreased locomotion. AK6 and E249, suppressed in vitro and in vivo seizures to a similar extent. Their in vivo activities are comparable with but not superior to phenytoin. The most efficacious, AK6 produced no locomotor suppression while phenytoin did. Thus, AK6 and E249 may be excellent candidates for further investigation as potential agents for the treatment of epilepsy syndromes with possibly less CNS side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Mohamed G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Qaddoumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Kethireddy V V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Ananthalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Oludotun A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ivan O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Edafiogho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Samuel B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kombian
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003512:Cyclohexanones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003514:Cyclohexylamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004597:Electroshock; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008867:Microtomy; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003470:Culture Media; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D003514:Cyclohexylamines; D008274:Magnesium; D010672:Phenytoin; D010852:Picrotoxin