title: Role of genomics in translational research for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Research on Parkinson's disease (PD) has made remarkable progress in recent decades, due largely to new genomic technologies, such as high throughput sequencing and microarray analyses. Since the discovery of a linkage of a missense mutation of the α-synuclein (αS) gene to a rare familial dominant form of PD in 1996, positional cloning and characterization of a number of familial PD risk factors have established a hypothesis that aggregation of αS may play a major role in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, dozens of sensitizing alleles related to the disease have been identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-GWAS, contributing to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of sporadic PD. Thus, the knowledge obtained from the association studies will be valuable for "the personal genome" of PD. Besides summarizing such progress, this paper focuses on the role of microRNAs in the field of PD research, since microRNAs might be promising as a biomarker and as a therapeutic reagent for PD. We further refer to a recent view that neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, coexist with metabolic disorders and are stimulated by type II diabetes, the most common disease among elderly populations. The development of genomic approaches may potentially contribute to therapeutic intervention for PD.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waragai
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan. Electronic address: hashimoto-mk@igakuken.or.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017209:Apoptosis; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D051843:Synucleins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D051843:Synucleins
keywords: Genome wide association studies (GWAS); Genomics; Parkinson’s disease (PD); Synuclein; microRNA (miRNA)