title: Trainee and program director perceptions of quality improvement and patient safety education: preparing for the next accreditation system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the current state of quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) education at a large teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed 429 trainees (138 residents, 291 clinical fellows) and 38 program directors (PDs; 2 were PDs of >1 program) from 39 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited training programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine PDs (76.3%) and 259 trainees (60.3%) responded. Most trainees (68.8%) reported participation in projects culminating in scholarly products (39.9%) or clinical innovations (44%). Most PDs reported that teaching (88.9%) and project supervision (83.3%) are performed by expert faculty. Nearly half of the PDs (45.8%) and trainees (49.6%) perceived project-based learning to be of equal value to formal curricula. Compared with trainees, a greater proportion of PDs reported needs for funding for projects, teaching faculty to provide mentorship, and faculty development (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing additional financial, administrative, and operational support could enhance the value of curricula and projects. Developing expert teaching faculty is paramount.
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ian.zenlea@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Zenlea
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Billett
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hazen
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Herrick
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mari M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kesselheim
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D000328:Adult; D003479:Curriculum; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061214:Patient Safety; D058996:Quality Improvement
keywords: medical education; patient safety; program director; quality improvement; trainee