title: Depressive symptoms and career-related goal appraisals: genetic and environmental correlations and interactions.
abstract: In order to further understand why depressive symptoms are associated with negative goal appraisals, the present study examined the genetic and environmental correlations and interactions between depressive symptoms and career-related goal appraisals. A total of 1,240 Finnish twins aged 21-26 years completed a questionnaire containing items on the appraisal of their career goals along five dimensions: importance, progress, effort, strain, and self-efficacy. In the same questionnaire, the 10-item General Behavior Inventory assessed depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the genetic and environmental correlations and gene-environment interactions between the career-goal appraisals and depressive symptoms. Associations were identified, and were attributed to environmental factors. Of the career-related goal appraisals, the shared environmental component was of a higher magnitude for the dimension of strain among the depressed compared with non-depressed subjects. The results indicate that the interplay between depressive symptoms and negative career-related goal appraisals is significantly affected by environmental factors, and thus possibly susceptible to targeted interventions.
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä,Jyväskylä,Finland.
authors.forename: Katariina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salmela-Aro
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä,Jyväskylä,Finland.
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health,Hjelt Institute,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vuoksimaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health,Hjelt Institute,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
authors.forename: Tellervo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.affiliation: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics,Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,USA.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health,Hjelt Institute,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Indiana University,Bloomington,IN,USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult