title: Elevated O₃ enhances the attraction of whitefly-infested tomato plants to Encarsia formosa.
abstract: We experimentally examined the effects of elevated O₃ and whitefly herbivory on tomato volatiles, feeding and oviposition preferences of whiteflies and behavioural responses of Encarsia formosa to these emissions on two tomato genotypes, a wild-type (Wt) and a jasmonic acid (JA) defence-enhanced genotype (JA-OE, 35S). The O₃ level and whitefly herbivory significantly increased the total amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), monoterpenes, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), and aldehyde volatiles produced by tomato plants. The 35S plants released higher amount of total VOCs and monoterpene volatiles than Wt plants under O₃+herbivory treatments. The feeding and oviposition bioassays showed that control plants were preferred by adult whiteflies whereas the 35S plants were not preferred by whiteflies. In the Y-tube tests, O₃+herbivory treatment genotypes were preferred by adult E. Formosa. The 35S plants were preferred by adult E. formosa under O₃, herbivory and O₃+herbivory treatments. Our results demonstrated that elevated O₃ and whitefly herbivory significantly increased tomato volatiles, which attracted E. formosa and reduced whitefly feeding. The 35S plants had a higher resistance to B. tabaci than Wt plant. Such changes suggest that the direct and indirect defences of resistant genotypes, such as 35S, could strengthen as the atmospheric O₃ concentration increases.
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China [2] College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Hubei 434023, PR of China.
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China.
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan 450002, PR of China.
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D010126:Ozone; C011006:jasmonic acid