title: Outcome of proximal femoral fractures caused by cycling in the young and mid-aged.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cycling is gaining more popularity both as a sport, on and off-road and also as a means of commute. Cycling accidents harbour significant injury risks including fractures. Proximal femoral fractures are uncommonly associated with cycling in the young adult population. The purpose of this study is to describe this unique pattern of injury as well as the outcome of proximal femoral fractures caused by cycling in the young to mid age population.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  retrospective cohort study. 23 fractures in 22 patients were available for analysis. 11 were femoral neck fractures, with six displaced ones, and the rest trochanteric fractures. 21 patients were male patients, and the average age was 42 (range 27-60). All patients but two were operated within 24 h from admission. Radiographic analysis included reduction quality, fracture classification and arthritic changes. Clinical outcome was measured using SF-12 and Oxford hip scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All fractures healed. Two patients with displaced femoral neck fractures developed avascular necrosis requiring arthroplasty. One patient developed an AVN 2 years after a stable trochanteric fracture but did not require an arthroplasty as of yet. Eight patients required hardware removal due to symptoms. 77% of patients had resumed cycling at the pre-injury level. Mean SF-12 score was 47.1 ± 11.7 for the physical component and 53.7 ± 6.3 for the mental component. Mean oxford hip score as was 40.1 ± 12.2. Radiographic analysis revealed good to acceptable reduction quality. Fracture type, age, cycling type and reduction were not significantly associated with outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal femoral fractures caused by cycling in young to mid-aged adults are an emerging pattern of injury. Overall favourable result can be expected in the majority of cases, with displaced femoral neck fractures having a risk for AVN. Further delineation of the exact cause for this phenomenon is required with possible intervention for injury prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: weily@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Yoram A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosheiff
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebergall
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cycling; Hip fractures; Proximal femoral fractures