title: Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of wheezing and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Major bibliographic databases were searched for studies examining the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of wheezing and asthma. Random-effects models were used to pool study results. Subgroup analyses were conducted by fruit and vegetable categories, study design, and age group. Twelve cohorts, 4 population-based case-control studies, and 26 cross-sectional studies published between January 1990 and July 2013 were identified. For the meta-analysis of adults and children, the relative risk (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) when comparing the highest intake group with the lowest intake group were 0.78 (95%CI, 0.70-0.87) for fruit and 0.86 (95%CI, 0.75-0.98) for vegetables. High intake of fruit and vegetables (RR = 0.76; 95%CI, 0.68-0.86 and RR = 0.83; 95%CI, 0.72-0.96) reduced the risk of childhood wheezing. Total intake of fruit and vegetables had a negative association with risk of asthma in adults and children (RR = 0.54; 95%CI, 0.41-0.69). Consuming fruit and vegetables during pregnancy had no association with the risk of asthma in offspring. High intake of fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of asthma and wheezing in adults and children.
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis and Lung Research Disease Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ensiyeh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seyedrezazadeh
authors.forename: Masoud Pour
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ansarin
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vafa
authors.forename: Sangita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kolahdooz
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000178:diet therapy; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: asthma; fruit; vegetables; wheezing