title: Effects of a new piezoelectric device on periosteal microcirculation after subperiosteal preparation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subperiosteal preparation using a periosteal elevator leads to disturbances of local periosteal microcirculation. Soft-tissue damage can usually be considerably reduced using piezoelectric technology. For this reason, we investigated the effects of a novel piezoelectric device on local periosteal microcirculation and compared this approach with the conventional preparation of the periosteum using a periosteal elevator.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 Lewis rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Subperiosteal preparation was performed using either a piezoelectric device or a periosteal elevator. Intravital microscopy was performed immediately after the procedure as well as three and eight days postoperatively. Statistical analysis of microcirculatory parameters was performed offline using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on ranks (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all time points investigated, intravital microscopy demonstrated significantly higher levels of periosteal perfusion in the group of rats that underwent piezosurgery than in the group of rats that underwent treatment with a periosteal elevator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a piezoelectric device for subperiosteal preparation is associated with better periosteal microcirculation than the use of a conventional periosteal elevator. As a result, piezoelectric devices can be expected to have a positive effect on bone metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: marcus_stoetzer@web.de.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoetzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Dörthe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Felgenträger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rücker
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils-Claudius
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von See
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D004560:Electricity; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D023421:Models, Animal; D010521:Periosteum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Bone healing; Bone remodeling; Intravital fluorescence microscopy; Intravital microscopy; New piezoelectric device; Periosteal; Periosteal damage; Piezoelectric preparation; Soft tissue surgery; Subperiosteal preparation