title: A Review of Signal Transduction of Endothelin-1 and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-related Pain for Nanophysiotherapy.
abstract: [Purpose] An understanding of pain is very important in the study of nanophysiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of endothelin-1 (ET-1)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related pain, and suggest their applications in pain physiotherapy. [Method] This review focuses on the signal transduction of pain and its mechanisms. [Results] Our reviews show that mechanisms of ET-1- and MAPK-related pain exist. [Conclusions] In this review article, we carefully discuss the signal transduction in ET-1- and MAPK-related pain with reference to pain nanophysiotherapy from the perspective of nanoparticle-associated signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lim-Kyu
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mee-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Uk
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Deok
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Science and Nanophysiotherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Taekwondo Instructor Education, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taek-Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Judo, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Combative Martial Arts Training, College of Martial Arts, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Genomics, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bokyung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Welfare, Yongin University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junghwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Endothelin-1; Pain; Signal transduction