title: Prevalence, harm perceptions, and reasons for using noncombustible tobacco products among current and former smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We provided estimates of noncombustible tobacco product (electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]; snus; chewing tobacco, dip, or snuff; and dissolvables) use among current and former smokers and examined harm perceptions of noncombustible tobacco products and reasons for their use.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed awareness of, prevalence of, purchase of, harm perceptions of, and reasons for using noncombustible tobacco products among 1487 current and former smokers from 8 US designated market areas. We used adjusted logistic regression to identify correlates of noncombustible tobacco product use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sample, 96% were aware of at least 1 noncombustible tobacco product, but only 33% had used and 21% had purchased one. Noncombustible tobacco product use was associated with being male, non-Hispanic White, younger, and more nicotine dependent. Respondents used noncombustible tobacco products to cut down or quit cigarettes, but only snus was associated with a higher likelihood of making a quit attempt. Users of noncombustible tobacco products, particularly ENDS, were most likely to endorse the product as less harmful than cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers may use noncombustible tobacco products to cut down or quit smoking. However, noncombustible tobacco product use was not associated with a reduction in cigarettes per day or cessation.
authors.affiliation: Amanda Richardson and Jennifer Pearson are with the Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, and the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Haijun Xiao, Carolyn Stalgaitis, and Donna Vallone are with the Department of Research, Legacy, Washington, DC. Donna Vallone is also with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stalgaitis
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vallone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult