title: Environmental and stressful factors affecting the occurrence of kidney stones and the kidney colic.
abstract: The first renal disease described from Hippocrates is nephrolithiasis with renal colic, which is the pain of stone passage and is also a common renal problem with easily recognizable characteristics. There has been much written about dietary factors, which have unequivocally been proved to play an important role in the formation of kidney stones. In this regard, it is of interest that the contribution of factors such as stressful events, life style, or occupation in the formation of kidney stones has not been well studied. This review examines the clinical evidence of the stressful events and other environmental factors affecting the occurrence of kidney stones.
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Renal and Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Rigas G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kalaitzidis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Damigos
authors.forename: Kostas C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Siamopoulos
mesh_terms: D003085:Colic / Q000209:etiology*; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D053040:Nephrolithiasis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*