title: Self-efficacy moderation and mediation roles on BPSD and social support influences on subjective caregiver burden in Chinese spouse caregivers of dementia patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to explore moderation and mediation roles of caregiver self-efficacy between subjective caregiver burden and (a) behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) of dementia; and (b) social support.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study with 137 spouse caregivers of dementia patients was conducted in Shanghai. We collected demographic information for the caregiver-patient dyads, as well as information associated with dementia-related impairments, caregiver social support, caregiver self-efficacy, and SF-36.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis showed that caregiver self-efficacy was a moderator both between BPSD and subjective caregiver burden, and social support and subjective caregiver burden. Results also showed a partial mediation effect of caregiver self-efficacy on the impact of BPSD on subjective caregiver burden, and a mediation effect of social support on subjective caregiver burden. Caregiver self-efficacy and subjective burden significantly influenced BPSD and social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregiver self-efficacy played an important role in the paths by which the two factors influenced subjective burden. Enhancing caregiver self-efficacy for symptom management (particularly BPSD) can be an essential strategy for determining interventions to support dementia caregivers in China, and possibly in other countries.
authors.affiliation: Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qihao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Patsy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chunbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology / Q000451:nursing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002681:China; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D000084802:Caregiver Burden / Q000523:psychology; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000095225:East Asian People
keywords: BPSD; caregiver self-efficacy; dementia; family caregiver; social support; subjective caregiver burden