title: Knowledge and skills retention following Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission course for final year medical students in Rwanda: a longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether, after the Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission (ETAT+) course, a comprehensive paediatric life support course, final year medical undergraduates in Rwanda would achieve a high level of knowledge and practical skills and if these were retained. To guide further course development, student feedback was obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal cohort study of knowledge and skills of all final year medical undergraduates at the University of Rwanda in academic year 2011-2012 who attended a 5-day ETAT+ course. Students completed a precourse knowledge test. Knowledge and clinical skills assessments, using standardised marking, were performed immediately postcourse and 3-9 months later. Feedback was obtained using printed questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  84 students attended the course and re-evaluation. Knowledge test showed a significant improvement, from median 47% to 71% correct answers (p<0.001). For two clinical skills scenarios, 98% passed both scenarios, 37% after a retake, 2% failed both scenarios. Three to nine months later, students were re-evaluated, median score for knowledge test 67%, not significantly different from postcourse (p>0.1). For clinical skills, 74% passed, with 32% requiring a retake, 8% failed after retake, 18% failed both scenarios, a significant deterioration (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students performed well on knowledge and skills immediately after a comprehensive ETAT+ course. Knowledge was maintained 3-9 months later. Clinical skills, which require detailed sequential steps, declined, but most were able to perform them satisfactorily after feedback. The course was highly valued, but several short courses and more practical teaching were advocated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Kigali, Rwanda.
authors.forename: Lisine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuyisenge
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kyamanya
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ambroise Pare University Hospital, Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Hinchingbrooke, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: English
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lissauer
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012432:Rwanda; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Accident & Emergency; Low income populations; Medical Education; Resuscitation; Rwanda