title: Development and psychometric evaluation of the urgency questionnaire for evaluating severity and health-related quality of life impact of urinary urgency in overactive bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary urgency is the cardinal symptom of overactive bladder (OAB). However, there is no single instrument that assesses the context, severity, intensity, and daily life impact of urinary urgency. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the methods and results of the qualitative and quantitative research conducted to develop a new tool for this purpose, the Urgency Questionnaire (UQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative data from interviews with patients with urinary urgency were used to develop and refine the items and response options of the UQ. Three studies were used to evaluate psychometric properties: a clinical trial of tolterodine (Detrol; n = 974); a psychometric validation study (n = 163); and a test-retest validation study (n = 47). Item and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed to assess the subscale structure, and the psychometric performance of the resulting scales was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen Likert-scale items and four VAS questions were retained. A four-factor solution was shown to best fit the data, with the subscales: Impact on Daily Activities, Time to Control Urgency, Nocturia, and Fear of Incontinence. All subscales and VAS items demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α 0.79-0.94), convergent and discriminant validity, and responsiveness to change. The UQ differentiated between OAB patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide quantitative evidence that urinary urgency, as assessed by the UQ, is a pathological sensation distinctive from the normal urge to void and suggest that the UQ might be a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument for evaluating the severity and HRQL impact of urinary urgency in OAB.
authors.affiliation: Evidera, 7101 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 600, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA, karin.coyne@evidera.com.
authors.forename: Karin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Coyne
authors.forename: Chris C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bavendam
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brubaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate