title: Novel strategies for effective transdermal drug delivery: a review.
abstract: Skin is the largest and easily accessible organ of the body and therefore can be extensively used as a prominent route of delivery for local and systemic effects. Though it presents a multifunctional barrier between body and surrounding particles, there are chances to deliver therapeutic nanocarrier, particularly in diseased skin. Both for dermal and transdermal drug delivery, the horny layer, i.e., the uppermost layer of the skin serve as the most resistant layer to be crossed and for this purpose, different perforation techniques are used that relatively widen the skin opening and allow the passage of drug (≤ 10 mg) and micromolecules, but this amateur disruption of the skin can be avoided in order to preserve this barrier against cutaneous microbiota by using deformable nanocarriers. In this review, we discuss the nanosized aggregates and microneedle technology for the advanced delivery of vaccines, protein, peptides, nucleic acid, and hormone across the skin.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Ankita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurmi
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Darshana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Roshni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Silky
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandel
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Anamika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Nishi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mody
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upadhaya
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), 470002 India.
authors.forename: Aviral
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009339:Needles; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations