title: Longitudinal examination of decision-making performance in anorexia nervosa: before and after weight restoration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to extend previous work on decision-making deficits in anorexia nervosa (AN) by using a longitudinal design to examine decision-making before and after weight restoration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 22 women with AN and 20 healthy comparison participants who completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Decision-making was assessed both before and after weight restoration in a subset of 14 AN patients. Self-report and interview assessments were used to measure psychological correlates of decision-making performance including depression, anxiety, and eating disorder symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were conducted to explore associations between brain volume in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and decision-making in individuals with AN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Currently ill AN patients performed worse on the IGT compared to the control group. Although decision-making performance did not improve significantly with weight restoration in the full AN sample, AN patients who were poor performers at baseline did improve task performance with weight-restoration. When actively ill, lower body mass index (BMI) and decreased left medial OFC volume were significantly associated with worse IGT performance, and these associations were no longer significant after weight restoration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that decision-making deficits in AN in the acute phase of illness are associated with low weight and decreased left medial OFC volume, but increases in brain volume and BMI may not have been sufficient to improve decision-making in all patients. Findings contribute to a model for understanding how some patients may sustain self-starvation, and future work should examine whether decision-making deficits predict relapse.
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Department of Psychology, United States. Electronic address: bodell@psy.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Lindsay P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bodell
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, Department of Psychology, United States.
authors.forename: Pamela K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Keel
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brumm
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Department of Neuroscience, United States.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akubuiro
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, United States; University of Iowa, Department of Psychology, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tranel
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hodis
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States; University of the Virgin Islands, United States; Roy Lester Schneider Hospital, United States. Electronic address: laurie-mccormick@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Laurie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D057566:Self Report; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Cognitive impairment; Decision-making; Iowa Gambling Task; Neuropsychology; Orbitofrontal cortex