title: Antioxidant effects of the highly-substituted carbazole alkaloids and their related carbazoles.
abstract: Antioxidant activities of 3-oxygenated and 3,4-dioxygenated carbazole alkaloids and their related carbazoles were comprehensively evaluated. In all assay systems, the 3,8-dihydroxycarbazoles carbazomadurin A (2) and B (3), and their synthetic precursors 2a and 3a exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the 3-monohydroxycarbazoles carazostatin (1), and the synthetic precursors 4a and 4b of carquinostatin A (4). In particular, 2a and 3a exhibited strong scavenging activities due to the reducing ability of formyl group at the C-5 position of carbazoles. The results suggest that these compounds could serve as useful clues for designing and developing novel antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuhzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hieda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anraku
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Tominari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Choshi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomida
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatae
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan. Electronic address: hibino@fupharm.fukuyama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hibino
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000975:Antioxidants; D002227:Carbazoles
keywords: ABTS(+) radical; Antioxidant activity; Carbazole alkaloid; DPPH radical; PAO-SO