title: Ineffectiveness of intrastromal voriconazole for filamentous fungal keratitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to describe the ineffectiveness of intrastromal voriconazole injection for filamentous fungal keratitis by contrasting the effectiveness for yeast keratitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined seven fungal keratitis patients prospectively. All yeast was identified by molecular phylogenetic analyses of the chromosomal regions coding for the D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit 26S ribosomal RNA gene. All filamentous fungi were identified by the sequencing of internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA gene regions. Approximately 0.1 mL of voriconazole diluted with saline to 1.0% was injected with a 30-gauge needle inserted obliquely into the three to five clear cornea sites around the abscess. All subjects were administered natamycin ointment and oral itraconazole. When needed, intravenous micafungin, voriconazole, and/or intracameral voriconazole were added. Clinical courses were observed by the slit lamp microscope. Histopathology was examined when the corneas were removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases that were caused by yeast healed quickly after injections. Two cases of keratitis caused by Fusarium, and one case caused by Aspergillus, did not heal completely. In the Fusarium cases, additional antifungal medications (3.0% topical voriconazole and intravenous injection of micafungin) were needed. After optical penetrating keratoplasty in one of the cases, fungi were found in the deep stroma of the removed cornea. In the case of Aspergillus keratitis, pathological findings also showed fungi deep in the stroma of the removed cornea and the keratitis recurred after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrastromal voriconazole injection is successful in treating yeast keratitis. However this is not the case for filamentous fungal keratitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitamura
keywords: filamentous fungal keratitis; intrastromal injection; voriconazole