title: Comprehensive clinical and pathological analysis of aggressive renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma: report of three cases.
abstract: Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is recognized as a benign hamartomatous lesion arising in the kidney with no obvious malignant potential. However, epithelioid AML (EAML), a rare variant of AML, is potentially malignant, with aggressive clinical features. It can occur in patients with or without tuberous sclerosis. Because EAML may mimic renal cell carcinoma in imaging studies, differentiation of this tumor from renal cell carcinoma preoperatively is difficult. At times, the lesions may extend into the renal vein and inferior vena cava or metastasize to other organs such as the lung and liver. To clarify the biological nature of EAML, three specific cases that we encountered in clinical practice are analyzed and reported in detail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jindan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: inferior vena cava; kidney; malignant