title: Combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor using sufentanil epidurally versus intrathecally: a retrospective study on the influence on fetal heart trace.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively compared a protocol using sufentanil and ropivacaine intrathecally with a protocol in which only ropivacaine was administered intrathecally and sufentanil was used epidurally to evaluate whether banning sufentanil from the intrathecal space results in a decreased incidence of adverse fetal heart rate changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 520 cardiotocographic tracings were examined for changes in fetal heart rate and uterine activity following two different protocols of combined spinal epidural analgesia. Charts were consulted for neonatal and labor outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When sufentanil was used epidurally instead of intrathecally, the incidence of adverse changes in fetal heart trace was less, demonstrated by a higher percentage of normal reassuring tracings (74.5% vs. 60.4% when sufentanil was used intrathecally; P=0.007), less tracings showing bradycardia (7.5% vs. 14.1%; P=0.035), and more tracings displaying 3 or more accelerations in fetal heart rate in 45 min (93.5% vs. 83.9%; P=0.003) together with less episodes of tachycardia (3.5% vs. 11.4%; P=0.005). There were no differences in labor and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on fetal heart tracing, it seems favorable to ban sufentanil from the intrathecal compartment.
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Everaert
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coppens
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vlerick
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Braems
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Hert
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015148:Cardiotocography; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017409:Sufentanil