title: Polyluminol/hydrogel composites as new electrochemiluminescent-active sensing layers.
abstract: This paper reports on electrochemiluminescent sensors and biosensors based on polyluminol/hydrogel composite sensing layers using chemical or biological membranes as hydrogel matrices. In this work, luminol is electropolymerized under near-neutral conditions onto screen-printed electrode (SPE)-supported hydrogel films. The working electrode coated with a hydrogel film is soaked in a solution containing monomeric luminol units, allowing the monomeric luminol units to diffuse inside the porous matrix to the electrode surface where they are electropolymerized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Sensors and enzymatic biosensors for H2O2 and choline detection, respectively, have been developed, using choline oxidase (ChOD) as a model enzyme. In this case, hydrogel is used both as the enzymatic immobilization matrix and as a template for the electrosynthesis of polyluminol. The enzyme was immobilized by entrapment in the gel matrix during its formation before electropolymerization of the monomer. Several parameters have been optimized in terms of polymerization conditions, enzyme loading, and average pore size. Using calcium alginate or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)-based silica as porous matrix, H2O2 and choline detection are reported down to micromolar concentrations with three orders of magnitude wide dynamic ranges starting from 4 × 10(-7) M. Polyluminol/hydrogel composites appear as suitable electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-active sensing layers for the design of new reagentless and disposable easy-to-use optical sensors and biosensors, using conventional TMOS-based silica gel or the more original and easier to handle calcium alginate, reported here for the first time in such a configuration, as the biocompatible hydrogel matrix.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5246, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France, leca@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: Béatrice D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Leca-Bouvier
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassolas
authors.forename: Loïc J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Blum
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011108:Polymers; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D008165:Luminol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C019888:choline oxidase