title: A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for the simultaneous detection of four triazolone herbicides in cereals combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: This paper describes a novel, rapid, and sensitive analytical method for monitoring four triazolone herbicides in cereals (wheat, rice, corn, and soybean), using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample extraction procedure followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The four triazolone herbicides (amicarbazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, sulfentrazone, and thiencarbazone-methyl) were extracted using acidified acetonitrile (containing 1% v/v formic acid) and subsequently purified with octadecylsilane (C18 ) prior to sample analysis. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was operated in positive and negative ionization switching mode. Amicarbazone and carfentrazone-ethyl were detected in the positive mode (ESI+), while sulfentrazone and thiencarbazone-methyl were detected in the negative mode (ESI-). All compounds were successfully separated in less than 3.0 min. Further optimization achieved desired recoveries ranging from 74.5 to 102.1% for all analytes with relative standard deviation values ≤17.2% in all tested matrices at three levels (10, 100, and 500 μg/kg). The limits of detection for all compounds were ≤2.3 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation did not exceed 7.1 μg/kg. The developed method showed excellent linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.994) and was proven to be highly efficient and reliable for the routine monitoring of triazolone herbicides in cereals.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Youpu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zenglong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fengshou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yonguan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014230:Triazoles
keywords: Cereals; Herbicides; Residues; Triazolone; Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography