title: Citrus fruit intake and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have investigated the association between citrus fruit and bladder cancer risk; however, the results are inconsistent. To assess these issues, we conducted a meta-analysis of currently available studies. We identified relevant articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random effect model. We included eight case-control studies and six cohort studies in the meta-analysis. There was a significant inverse association between citrus fruit intake and bladder cancer risk in all pooled studies (RR: 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94) and case-control studies (RR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92), but not in the cohort studies (RR: 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07). Our results suggest that citrus fruit intake is related to decreased bladder cancer risk. Subsequent well-designed, large prospective studies are needed to obtain better understanding of this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gaoyou People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu , China and.
authors.forename: Sudong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Gaofei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Weikai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jingqun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Bladder cancer; citrus fruits; meta-analysis; risk