title: [Pharmacology of Raynaud's phenomenon].
abstract: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is characterised by transient ischaemia in the extremities in response to cold or emotions. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to an underlying disease. The pathophysiology of RP is multifactorial and complex. Microvascular impairment is a hallmark of the disease. The objective of this work is to review the different pharmacological treatments currently used in the management of RP, from their mechanism of action to the available evidence regarding their efficacy. We also propose to discuss potential pharmacological targets such as the potentiation of the nitric oxide pathway, or the inhibition of the RhoA-Rho kinase pathway. The last part of this review deals with drug-induced RP. Among various medications, beta-blockers, interferons, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors or cytotoxic agents such as bleomycin are involved.
authors.affiliation: UMR 1042, Inserm &amp; Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France - Unité de pharmacologie clinique, Centre d'Investigation clinique, Inserm CIC003, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roustit
authors.affiliation: Centre régional de Pharmacovigilance, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khouri
authors.affiliation: UMR 1042, Inserm &amp; Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France - Clinique universitaire de Médecine vasculaire, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.affiliation: Centre régional de Pharmacovigilance, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villier
authors.affiliation: Clinique universitaire de Médecine vasculaire, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.affiliation: UMR 1042, Inserm &amp; Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France - Unité de pharmacologie clinique, Centre d'Investigation clinique, Inserm CIC003, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cracowski
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000188:drug therapy; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D006801:Humans; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins