title: Gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated effects of gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy (GEM) on prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of 36 patients who underwent radical resection for gallbladder cancer from 2001 through to 2012, using χ(2) for prognostic factors and Kaplan-Meier estimator and log-rank tests for survival data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GEM group had higher rates of lymph node positivity and distant metastasis, higher UICC stage and fewer R0 resections; their 5-year survival rate (60%) did not significantly differ from that of the controls (70.0%), nor was GEM a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis. However, among patients who underwent R1 and R2 resections, GEM significantly improved prognosis in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Median survival of the R1/2 GEM group (66.4 months) was significantly better than that of controls (5.4 months) (p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GEM improved prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer after R1/R2 resections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan mnakamura@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ensako
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D000093542:Gemcitabine
keywords: Gallbladder cancer; adjuvant chemotherapy; curability; gemcitabine (GEM)