title: Depressive symptomatology in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate cancer patients who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) often experience many physical and psychological side effects. ADT may be associated with increased risk for depression, but the relationship between ADT and depression is not fully understood. This study used a longitudinal design to assess depressive symptomatology in patients receiving ADT compared with two groups of matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were men initiating ADT treatment (ADT+ group; n = 61) and their matched controls: prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy (ADT- group; n = 61), and no-cancer controls (CA- group; n = 61). Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at ADT initiation and again 6 months later. Differences in depressive symptomatology and rates of clinically significant depressive symptomatology were analyzed between groups at each time point and within groups over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between baseline and follow-up, ADT+ participants demonstrated increased depressive symptomatology and increased rates of clinically significant depressive symptomatology (ps < 0.05). ADT+ participants also reported greater depressive symptomatology than both control groups at follow-up (ps < 0.001). Rates of clinically significant depressive symptomatology were higher in the ADT+ group than the ADT- and CA- groups at both time points (baseline: 28%, 5%, 12%; follow-up: 39%, 9%, 11%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the hypothesis that ADT administration yields increases in depression and suggest that the mechanism behind ADT's association with depression should be explored and that prostate cancer patients treated with ADT should receive particular focus in depression screening and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Heather S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jim
authors.forename: Mayer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heysek
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biagioli
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin; D016729:Leuprolide
keywords: androgen deprivation therapy; depression; oncology; prostate cancer; quality of life