title: Temporomandibular dysfunction post-craniotomy: evaluation between pre- and post-operative status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors associated with post-operative temporomandibular joint dysfunction after craniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included 24 patients, mean age of 37.3 ± 10 years; eligible for surgery for refractory epilepsy, evaluated according to RDC/TMD before and after surgery. The primary predictor was the time after the surgery. The primary outcome variable was maximal mouth opening. Other outcome variables were: disc displacement, bruxism, TMJ sound, TMJ pain, and pain associated to mandibular movements. Data analyses were performed using bivariate and multiple regression methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximal mouth opening was significantly reduced after surgery in all patients (p = 0.03). In the multiple regression model, time of evaluation and pre-operative bruxism were significantly (p < .05) associated with an increased risk for TMD post-surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant correlation between surgery follow-up time and maximal opening mouth was found. Pre-operative bruxism was associated with increased risk for temporomandibular joint dysfunction after craniotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, UNICID (University of São Paulo City), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: alfcosta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: André Luiz Ferreira
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarissa Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcondes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, UNICID (University of São Paulo City), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Fróes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cendes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013016:Sound; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000601:surgery; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Craniotomy; Risk factors; Temporal muscle atrophy; Temporomandibular joint