title: Fire activity and severity in the western US vary along proxy gradients representing fuel amount and fuel moisture.
abstract: Numerous theoretical and empirical studies have shown that wildfire activity (e.g., area burned) at regional to global scales may be limited at the extremes of environmental gradients such as productivity or moisture. Fire activity, however, represents only one component of the fire regime, and no studies to date have characterized fire severity along such gradients. Given the importance of fire severity in dictating ecological response to fire, this is a considerable knowledge gap. For the western US, we quantify relationships between climate and the fire regime by empirically describing both fire activity and severity along two climatic water balance gradients, actual evapotranspiration (AET) and water deficit (WD), that can be considered proxies for fuel amount and fuel moisture, respectively. We also concurrently summarize fire activity and severity among ecoregions, providing an empirically based description of the geographic distribution of fire regimes. Our results show that fire activity in the western US increases with fuel amount (represented by AET) but has a unimodal (i.e., humped) relationship with fuel moisture (represented by WD); fire severity increases with fuel amount and fuel moisture. The explicit links between fire regime components and physical environmental gradients suggest that multivariable statistical models can be generated to produce an empirically based fire regime map for the western US. Such models will potentially enable researchers to anticipate climate-mediated changes in fire recurrence and its impacts based on gridded spatial data representing future climate scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sean A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parisien
authors.affiliation: Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Solomon Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Dobrowski
mesh_terms: D003889:Desert Climate; D005390:Fires; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D006813:Humidity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D014481:United States; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005579:Fossil Fuels; D014867:Water