title: MRI segmentation analysis in temporal lobe and idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients have each been associated with extensive brain atrophy findings, yet to date there are no reports of head to head comparison of both patient groups. Our aim was to assess and compare between tissue-specific and structural brain atrophy findings in TLE to IGE patients and to healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  TLE patients were classified in TLE lesional (L-TLE) or non-lesional (NL-TLE) based on presence or absence of MRI temporal structural abnormalities. High resolution 3 T MRI with automated segmentation by SIENAX and FIRST tools were performed in a group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (11 L-TLE and 15 NL-TLE) and in15 IGE as well as in 26 HC. Normal brain volume (NBV), normal grey matter volume (NGMV), normal white matter volume (NWMV), and volumes of subcortical deep grey matter structures were quantified. Using regression analyses, differences between the groups in both volume and left/right asymmetry were evaluated. Additionally, laterality of results was also evaluated to separately quantify ipsilateral and contralateral effects in the TLE group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All epilepsy groups had significantly lower NBV and NWMV compared to HC (p < 0.001). L-TLE had lower hippocampal volume than HC and IGE (p = 0.001), and all epilepsy groups had significantly lower amygdala volume than HC (p < = 0.004). In L-TLE, there was evidence of atrophy in both ipsilateral and contralateral structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that TLE and IGE patients demonstrated similar overall tissue-specific brain atrophy, although specific structures differences were appreciated. L-TLE also appeared to behave differently than NL-TLE, with atrophy not limited to the ipsilateral side.
authors.forename: Hila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. aweinstock@kaleidahealth.org.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergsland
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sazgar
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poloni
authors.forename: Cierra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Treu
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinstock-Guttman
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult