title: High-resolution magnetic resonance wall imaging findings of Moyamoya disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnosis of Moyamoya disease (MMD) is based on the characteristic angiographic findings. However, differentiating MMD from intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is difficult. We compared vessel wall imaging findings on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging between MMD and ICAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 32 patients with angiographically proven MMD and 16 patients with acute infarcts because of ICAD. Bilateral internal carotid arteries and steno-occlusive middle cerebral artery were analyzed for wall enhancement and remodeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enhancement patterns and distribution were different. Most patients with MMD (90.6%) showed concentric enhancement on distal internal carotid arteries and middle cerebral arteries, whereas focal eccentric enhancement was observed on the symptomatic segment in ICAD. MMD was characterized by middle cerebral artery shrinkage; the remodeling index and wall area were lower in MMD than in ICAD (remodeling index, 0.19±0.11 versus 1.00±0.43; wall area, 0.32±0.22 versus 6.00±2.72; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMD was characterized by concentric enhancement on bilateral distal internal carotid arteries and shrinkage of middle cerebral artery, regardless of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sookyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryoo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Seok
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Keon Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Pyoung
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Chyul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (S.R., S.J.K., O.Y.B.) and Radiology (J.C., J.W.C., K.H.K., P.J.), Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), and Neurosurgery (J.-S.K., S.-C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. neuroboy50@naver.com.
authors.forename: Oh Young
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Bang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Moyamoya disease; angiography; magnetic resonance imaging