title: Titanium-bone-anchored penile epithesis: preoperative planning and immediate postoperative results.
abstract: The principle of osseointegration is accepted and used in reconstructive surgery. This study presents the first series of five patients where titanium implants have been implanted into the pubic bones of female-to-male (FTM) transsexual patients, in order to attach a "bone-anchored" penile epithesis. Following patient selection based on patients' wishes, pubic bones of 10 FTM transsexuals were analysed by CT-scan and a virtual planning was made. A surgical plan was also developed. To date, five FTM transsexuals have undergone the two-stage surgery. During stage-1, two titanium implants ("fixtures") are implanted onto the pubic bone. Four weeks postop, a new CT scan is performed to analyze osseointegration and the final implant position. During stage-2, the soft tissue of the pubic area is reduced; abutments are inserted and passed through the skin. A few weeks after stage 2 surgery, a penile epithesis is connected to the skin-penetrating titanium implants. Two out of 10 patients who received preoperative CT scan presented with smaller pubic bones, not able to accommodate the fixtures as chosen originally. Preoperative virtual planning is crucial for the selection of the appropriate implants size. The stage-1 and stage-2 surgery occurred uneventfully in all five patients. One patient presented with a wound infection 1 week after stage-2 surgery. Postoperative CT scan demonstrates implant osseointegration in all cases. This experimental clinical study demonstrates that titanium osseointegration is feasible onto the pubic bone. This new approach for penile reconstruction constitutes another alternative for both transsexual patients and cases following genital development disorders, post-trauma and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery.
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.forename: Rickard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Branemark
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elander
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liden
authors.forename: Joacim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stalfors
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration; D015917:Penile Prosthesis; D010413:Penis; D011300:Preoperative Care; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D057829:Gender-Affirming Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: Gender dysphoria; epithesis; female-to-male transsexualism; osseointegration; penile reconstruction; phalloplasty; preoperative 3D planning; transsexualism