title: Consumption of both low and high (-)-epicatechin apple puree attenuates platelet reactivity and increases plasma concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: We hypothesised that consumption of flavanol-containing apple puree would modulate platelet activity and increase nitric oxide metabolite status, and that high flavanol apple puree would exert a greater effect than low flavanol apple puree. 25 subjects consumed 230 g of apple puree containing 25 and 100mg epicatechin (low and high flavanol apple puree, respectively) and aspirin (75 mg) in random order. Measurements were made at baseline, acutely after treatment (2, 6 and 24 h), and after 14 d of treatment. Low flavanol apple puree significantly attenuated ADP and epinephrine-induced integrin-β3 expression 2 h and 6 h after consumption and ADP and epinephrine-induced P-selectin expression within 2h of consumption. High flavanol apple puree attenuated epinephrine and ADP-induced integrin-β3 expression after 2 and 6h. ADP and epinephrine-induced integrin-β3 expression was significantly attenuated 2, 6 and 24 h after consumption of aspirin, whilst 14 d aspirin consumption attenuated collagen-induced P-selectin expression only. The plasma total nitric oxide metabolite conc. was significantly increased 6h after consumption of both low and high flavanol apple purees. In conclusion, consumption of apple purees containing ⩾25 or 100 mg flavanols transiently attenuated ex vivo integrin-β3 and P-selectin expression and increased plasma nitric oxide metabolite conc. in healthy subjects, but the effect was not enhanced for the high flavanol apple puree.
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasper
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hollands
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casgrain
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teucher
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dainty
authors.affiliation: RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dini P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Venema
authors.affiliation: RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hollman
authors.affiliation: Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maarit J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.affiliation: Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK. Electronic address: paul.kroon@ifr.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kroon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine; D004435:Eating; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D008055:Lipids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002392:Catechin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Flavonoids; Nitric oxide; Platelet reactivity