title: Endophytic fungi from Myrcia guianensis at the Brazilian Amazon: distribution and bioactivity.
abstract: Beneficial interactions between plants and microorganisms have been investigated under different ecological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic aspects. However, the systematic exploration of biomolecules with potential for biotechnological products from this interaction still is relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aimed the evaluation of the diversity and antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi obtained from roots, stems and leafs of Myrcia guianensis (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. 156 endophytic fungi were isolated and above 80% were identified by morphological examination as belonging to the genera Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, Aspergillus, Xylaria, Nectria, Penicillium and Fusarium. Fermented broth of those fungi were assayed for antimicrobial activity and four inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Penicillium avellaneum. As the strain named MgRe2.2.3B (Nectria haematococca) had shown the most promising results against those pathogenic strains, its fermented broth was fractioned and only its two low polar fractions demonstrated to be active. Both fractions exhibited a minimum bactericidal concentration of 50 μg.mL(-1) against S. aureus and a minimum fungicidal concentration of 100 μg.mL(-1) against P. avellaneum. These results demonstrate the diversity of fungal genera in M. guianensis and the potential of these endophytic fungi for the production of new antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Biologia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Campus Rondon, SantarémPA Brazil.
authors.forename: Elissandro Fonseca
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Dos Banhos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Escola de Ciências da Saúde Universidade do Estado do Amazonas ManausAM Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonia Queiroz Lima
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química Aplicada e Tecnologia Escola de Tecnologia Universidade do Estado do Amazonas ManausAM Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano Camurça
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Universidade Federal do Amazonas ManausAM Brazil.
authors.forename: Afonso Duarte Leão
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual de Campinas CampinasSP Brazil.
authors.forename: Hector Henrique Ferreira
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Koolen
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química Aplicada e Tecnologia Escola de Tecnologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade do Estado do Amazonas ManausAM Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Melchionna
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D044822:Biodiversity; D001938:Brazil; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D027822:Myrtaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
keywords: Amazonian endophytic fungi; antibiosis; fungus/plant interaction; secondary metabolites