title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma: optimal timing and indication.
abstract: The definitive management of advanced follicular lymphoma (FL) remains controversial due to various treatment options, including watchful waiting, single-agent or combination chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody, and radioimmunotherapy. These options can provide prolonged progression-free survival. However, they cannot cure advanced FL. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains the sole curative therapy for FL. Allo-SCT has had a major impact with the use of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens because of its lower associated nonrelapse mortality compared with myeloablative regimens. Autologous SCT (auto-SCT) shows high response rates and extends progression-free survival in patients with chemosensitive relapse. In the rituximab era, however, associated comorbidities, risk of secondary cancers, and presence of refractory disease have become problematic in the auto-SCT population. On the basis of results from large-scale randomized trials, upfront auto-SCT is not recommended. Novel conditioning regimens including radioimmunotherapy followed by either auto-SCT or allo-SCT are likely to show efficacy even in chemorefractory disease. Consequently, the optimal timing for SCT remains a matter of opinion, except for patients in first remission. However, the outcomes of allo-SCT and auto-SCT keep on improving. Physicians should note that there is no therapy with a track record equivalent to that of SCT for relapsed or refractory FL.
authors.affiliation: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Division, National Cancer Center Hospital.
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous