title: Molecular epidemiology and clinical features of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in Spain.
abstract: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection in Spain is rare and mainly affects immigrants from endemic regions and native Spaniards with a prior history of sexual intercourse with persons from endemic countries. Herein, we report the main clinical and virological features of cases reported in Spain. All individuals with HTLV-1 infection recorded at the national registry since 1989 were examined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. A total of 229 HTLV-1 cases had been reported up to December 2012. The mean age was 41 years old and 61% were female. Their country of origin was Latin America in 59%, Africa in 15%, and Spain in 20%. Transmission had occurred following sexual contact in 41%, parenteral exposure in 12%, and vertically in 9%. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was diagnosed in 27 cases and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 17 subjects. HTLV-1 subtype could be obtained for 45 patients; all but one belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype a. One Nigerian pregnant woman harbored HTLV-1 subtype b. Within the Cosmopolitan subtype a, two individuals (from Bolivia and Peru, respectively) belonged to the Japanese subgroup B, another two (from Senegal and Mauritania) to the North African subgroup D, and 39 to the Transcontinental subgroup A. Of note, one divergent HTLV-1 strain from an Ethiopian branched off from all five known Cosmopolitan subtype 1a subgroups. Divergent HTLV-1 strains have been introduced and currently circulate in Spain. The relatively large proportion of symptomatic cases (19%) suggests that HTLV-1 infection is underdiagnosed in Spain.
authors.affiliation: 1 Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III , Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Treviño
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alcantara
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Mendoza
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iglesias
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz de Lejarazu
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roc
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eiros
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Romero
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers