title: [Organ damage and cardiorenal syndrome in acute heart failure].
abstract: Heart failure is a complex syndrome that affects almost all organs and systems of the body. Signs and symptoms of organ dysfunction, in particular kidney dysfunction, may be accentuated or become evident for the first time during acute decompensation of heart failure. Cardiorenal syndrome has been defined as the simultaneous dysfunction of both the heart and the kidney, regardless of which of the two organs may have suffered the initial damage and regardless also of their previous functional status. Research into the mechanisms regulating the complex relationship between the two organs is prompting the search for new biomarkers to help physicians detect renal damage in subclinical stages. Hence, a preventive approach to renal dysfunction may be adopted in the clinical setting in the near future. This article provides a general overview of cardiorenal syndrome and an update of the physiopathological mechanisms involved. Special emphasis is placed on the role of visceral congestion as an emergent mechanism in this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, España. Electronic address: jmanuel.casado@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casado Cerrada
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, España.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Pérez Calvo
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015897:Comorbidity; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone
keywords: Acute heart failure; Cardiorenal syndrome; Función renal; Insuficiencia cardíaca aguda; Renal function; Síndrome cardiorrenal