title: High-Fiber Orange Juice as a Nutrition Supplement in Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Tolerance and Effectiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The daily consumption of dietary fiber is frequently below suggested recommendations. Using a double-blind, controlled, randomized study, we assessed the efficiency and tolerance of a fiber-enriched orange juice to supplement fiber intake in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 1 week of noninterventional observation, 192 healthy adult women ingested 400 mL of orange juice for 21 days, which either was not (placebo group) or was enriched with fiber (fiber group). Orange juice ingestion was registered daily and controlled for each week during the study period. Macronutrient, fiber, and energy intake were determined using a 3-day food record, validated food chemical composition databases, and the "Pro Diet" software. Gastrointestinal symptoms were self-evaluated daily by scoring 4 grades of symptom intensity and using a visual analog scale to grade pain severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes were observed for macronutrient and energy ingestion. For the placebo group (n = 97), the total fiber intake record was under the daily recommended value. In contrast, the fiber group (n = 95) displayed higher comparative values of total and soluble fiber consumption (P ≤ .001), achieving the daily recommended values of fiber intake. Both groups reported an increased frequency of slight bloating and rumbles over time (P ≤ .05). The fiber group also experienced a higher frequency of slight flatulence over time (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of fiber-enriched orange juice was efficient to achieve the daily fiber intake recommendation for women, was not accompanied by intense adverse events, and may represent a suitable method to supplement fiber intake in woman.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline (LIM 35), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergamasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline (LIM 35), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil GANEP-Nutrição Humana, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Mika
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline (LIM 35), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil NAPAN-Grupo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Alimentos e Nutrição, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Susana
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Torrinhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline (LIM 35), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil GANEP-Nutrição Humana, São Paulo, Brazil NAPAN-Grupo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Alimentos e Nutrição, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil dan@ganep.com.br metanutri@usp.br.
authors.forename: Dan L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Waitzberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000009:adverse effects; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: fiber; orange juice; tolerance