title: Decreased bone marrow stromal cells activity involves in unilateral anterior crossbite-induced early subchondral bone loss of temporomandibular joints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subchondral bone loss in mandibular condyles was reported to be induced by experimentally created unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) which altered the occlusal load distribution and hereafter the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) remodelling process. However, the initial cellular responses are poorly understood. In the present study, changes in osteoblast and osteoclast activities in TMJ subchondral bone were investigated using the rats treated with UAC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty rats were randomly divided into UAC and control groups, and sampled at 2 weeks after the operation. Subchondral bone loss was evaluated by micro-CT. Osteoclast and osteoblast activities were analyzed by real-time PCR. The osteoblast differentiation of the locally isolated BMSCs from TMJ subchondral bone was assessed by Alizarin red staining. The migration of BMSCs was detected by transwell assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the age-matched controls, TMJ subchondral bone loss was observed in the UAC-treated rats (p<0.05). The osteoblast activity evaluated by real-time PCR and osteoblast number revealed by immunohistochemical staining were reduced in the TMJ subchondral bone of UAC rats (p<0.05), and the capability of proliferation, migration and osteoblast differentiation were all decreased in the locally isolated BMSCs from the UAC group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data demonstrated an involvement of reduced BMSCs activity in the initiation of the mandibular subchondral bone loss at the early stage of installation of the aberrant prostheses.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Shibin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: mqwang007@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Meiqing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D012313:RNA
keywords: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs); Bone remodelling; Crossbite; Occlusion; Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)