title: Gait changes with balance-based torso-weighting in people with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) commonly have mobility impairments that may lead to falls and limitations in activities. Physiotherapy interventions that might improve mobility typically take several weeks. Balance-based torso-weighting (BBTW), a system of strategically placing light weights to improve response to balance perturbations, has resulted in immediate small improvements in clinical measures in PwMS, but changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters are unknown. The purpose was to investigate the effects of BBTW on gait parameters in PwMS and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a non-randomized controlled experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 20 PwMS and 20 matched healthy controls
  
  
  METHODS
  People with multiple sclerosis walked on an instrumented mat at their fastest speed for three trials each in two conditions: without BBTW then with BBTW. Healthy controls walked in both conditions at two speeds: their fastest speed and at velocities equivalent to their matched PwMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Averaged gait trials showed that, with BBTW, PwMS had significantly increased velocity (p = 0.002), cadence (p = 0.007) and time spent in single-limb support (p = 0.014), with decreased time in double-limb support (p = 0.004). Healthy controls increased velocity (p = 0.012) and cadence (p = 0.015) and decreased support base (p = 0.014) in fast trials with BBTW; at matched velocities, step length (p = 0.028) and support base (p = 0.006) were significantly different from PwMS. All gait variables in healthy controls at fast speeds were significantly different from PwMS walking at their fastest speeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All participants showed increases in gait velocity and cadence during fast walk with BBTW. Improvements in time spent in single-limb and double-limb support by PwMS with BBTW may reflect greater stability in gait. Future research might ascertain if these immediate improvements could enhance effectiveness of longer-term physiotherapy on functional mobility in PwMS.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Program, St. Poelten University of Applied Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria.
authors.forename: Anna-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gorgas
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Widener
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gibson-Horn
authors.forename: Diane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: gait; multiple sclerosis; rehabilitation; walking