title: Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT) is a rare non-neoplastic cardiac mass that mimics malignancy on imaging and can cause symptoms due to flow obstruction or embolization of calcific fragments. We report a 57-year-old female with multiple medical problems affected by cardiac CAT. The echocardiogram showed a 2 x 1.7 cm right atrial mass. Under the clinical diagnosis of cardiac myxoma, a mass resection was performed. Microscopic examination of the resected mass showed nodular calcified amorphous debris with admixed degenerated fibrin and focal chronic inflammation. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient was free of disease. We performed a literature review of 16 previously reported cases. Histologically, a cardiac CAT consists of calcification and eosinophilic amorphous material in the background of dense collagenous fibrous tissue. A review of these cases shows a wide range of age at diagnosis and slight female predominance. The patients are either asymptomatic at presentation or complain of shortness of breath. The tumors have been found in all chambers of the heart, most commonly in the left ventricle. The sizes of the tumors range from 0.17 to 4 cm, with 62.5% of the tumors being mobile. Among the nine cases with documented follow-up study, all but one was free of disease and only one case of relapse was recorded. In conclusion, cardiac CATs are frequently asymptomatic at presentation, size is equal to or less than 4 cm, they can be located in all four chambers and are usually mobile, and they may relapse when not completely excised.
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Eunice K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jae Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Alberto G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ayala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: calcified tumor; cardiac tumor; non-neoplastic