title: Multiple causes for rhinolithiasis.
abstract: Rhinoliths are rare affections of the main nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Initially, as a result of their low incidence, they are often incorrectly classified as calcified tumors in clinical examination.
  
  
  
  We have identified three cases in our patient population and evaluated the clinical symptoms as well as the pathological findings and the causes of the disease.
  
  
  
  Due to their extension and the respective clinical pattern, all masses were surgically removed under endotracheal anesthesia. The histopathological findings comprised an ectopic tooth, a vegetable (most likely a leaf from the garden) as well as a textile foreign body (probably of iatrogenic origin).
  
  
  
  Undiscovered foreign bodies of the main nasal cavity are a common cause for the formation of rhinoliths. We have also displayed the respective incidence and the therapeutic options.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Send
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: K W G
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery