title: Transcriptional regulation of IL-10 and its cell-specific role in vivo.
abstract: IL-10 is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in controlling inflammatory responses and keeping the immune system in check following activation. Loss of IL-10 function in mice or humans results in the development of inflammatory bowel disease in response to an elevated immune response to the gut flora. IL-10 also acts to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection and has been implicated in a variety of autoimmune conditions. In response to inflammatory signals, IL-10 can be produced by a number of immune cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Distinct mechanisms control the production of IL-10 in these different cells types. In this review, we describe recent studies that have looked at the signaling pathways that regulate IL-10 production in these cells. Given the number of cell types that produce IL-10, it is perhaps not surprising that the in vivo source of IL-10 can vary in different immune models. We also describe how work using conditional IL-10 knockout mice or adoptive transfer of IL-10-deficient cells has begun to further our understanding regarding which specific immune cells are required for IL-10 production in vivo under different conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kirsty F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J Simon C
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Arthur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10