title: Henoch-Schönlein purpura in 535 Chinese children: clinical features and risk factors for renal involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the clinical features of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) with or without nephritis in Chinese children and to determine the risk factors for renal involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient characteristics, clinical parameters and laboratory data were retrospectively analysed in patients with HSP with or without nephritis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for renal involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 535 patients with HSP were included in the study. HSP nephritis occurred in 267 patients (49.9%), ranging from isolated haematuria in 5.2%, mild proteinuria in 77.5%, moderate proteinuria in 6.4% and severe proteinuria in 10.9% of cases. In 90% of the cases, nephritis developed within 1 week of HSP onset; 98.5% of the cases with nephritis developed the condition within 1 month. Risk factors for the development of nephritis were age ≥6 years, purpura on sites other than the lower limbs and the presence of occult blood in the stool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that patients aged ≥6 years, or who have purpura on the upper limbs or face, or who have occult blood in the stool should be particularly monitored for signs of nephritis.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Rheumatology Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Youying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Rheumatology Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Rheumatology Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Rheumatology Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhengyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Rheumatology Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tongxin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Rheumatology Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China scmckidney@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D011695:IgA Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009393:Nephritis / Q000473:pathology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Henoch–Schönlein purpura; children; nephritis; risk factors