title: Comparison of risk factors for pediatric convulsive status epilepticus when defined as seizures ≥ 5 min versus seizures ≥ 30 min.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors (RF) of pediatric convulsive status epilepticus (SE) and to determine whether defining SE as seizures ≥ 5 min (SE5) or seizures ≥ 30 min (SE30) would modify the risk factors identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study. We included patients 1 month to 21 years of age at the time of convulsive SE. We compared the characteristics of patients with SE (cases) versus those without SE (controls) using two different seizure duration thresholds: 5 min and 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1062 patients (54% males) were enrolled. The median (p25-p75) age at the episode was 6.4 (2.8-11.8) years. 444 (41.8%) patients had SE5 and 149 (14%) patients had SE30. On univariate analysis, risk factors for SE were not markedly different when considering a 5 or 30 min threshold. Compared to their respective controls patients with both SE5 and SE30 were younger at the age of seizure onset and at the age of SE, were on more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at baseline, had a higher rate of changes in AEDs in the three months prior to the episode, were more likely to have developmental delay at baseline, and a higher mortality rate. A higher baseline seizure frequency, and a higher increase in seizure frequency prior to the index episode were seen only in SE5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series identifies RF which predict convulsive SE in pediatric patients. These RF are similar when considering a 5 min or a 30 min threshold for the definition of SE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu s/n, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: ivan.fernandez@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez Fernández
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klehm
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Sookee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jillella
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Kush
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zelener
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotenberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loddenkemper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Children; Electroencephalogram; Epilepsy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Risk factors; Status epilepticus