title: Airborne nicotine concentrations in the workplaces of tobacco farmers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aimed to measure the airborne nicotine concentrations in various work environments of Korean tobacco farmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields, private curing barns, and joint curing barns of farmers from July to October 2010. All sampling and analyses of airborne nicotine were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health manual of analytic methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The airborne nicotine concentrations (geometric mean [geometric standard deviation]) in the tobacco field were 83.4 mg/m(3) (1.2) in the upper region and 93.3 mg/m(3) (1.2) in the lower region. In addition, the nicotine concentration by personal sampling was 150.1 mg/m(3). Similarly, the nicotine concentrations in the private curing barn, workers in curing barns, the front yard of the curing barn, and in the joint curing barn were 323.7 mg/m(3) (2.0), 121.0 mg/m(3) (1.5), 73.7 mg/m(3) (1.7), and 610.3 mg/m(3) (1.0), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nicotine concentration in the workplaces of tobacco farmers was very high. Future studies should measure the environmental concentration of nicotine that is inhaled by tobacco farmers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Sul
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Jinbo Tobacco Growers Cooperative Association, Cheongsong, Korea.
authors.forename: Jik-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion Center, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Shik
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D014026:Nicotiana; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Green tobacco sickness; Inhalation; Nicotine; Poisoning