title: Hypometabolism and hypothermia in the rat model of endotoxic shock: independence of circulatory hypoxia.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that development of hypothermia instead of fever in endotoxic shock is consequential to hypoxia. Endotoxic shock was induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 500 μg kg(-1) i.v.) in rats at an ambient temperature of 22 °C. A β3-adrenergic agonist known to activate metabolic heat production, CL316,243, was employed to evaluate whether thermogenic capacity could be impaired by the fall in oxygen delivery (ḊO2) during endotoxic shock. This possibility was rejected as CL316,243 (0.15 mg kg(-1) i.v.) evoked similar rises in oxygen consumption (V̇O2) in the presence and absence of endotoxic shock. Next, to investigate whether a less severe form of circulatory hypoxia could be triggering hypothermia, the circulating volume of LPS-injected rats was expanded using 6% hetastarch with the intention of improving tissue perfusion and alleviating hypoxia. This intervention attenuated not only the fall in arterial pressure induced by LPS, but also the associated falls in V̇O2 and body temperature. These effects, however, occurred independently of hypoxia, as they were not accompanied by any detectable changes in NAD(+)/NADH ratios. Further experimentation revealed that even the earliest drops in cardiac output and ḊO2 during endotoxic shock did not precede the reduction in V̇O2 that brings about hypothermia. In fact, ḊO2 and V̇O2 fell in such a synchrony that the ḊO2/V̇O2 ratio remained unaffected. Only when hypothermia was prevented by exposure to a warm environment (30 °C) did an imbalance in the ḊO2/V̇O2 ratio become evident, and such an imbalance was associated with reductions in the renal and hypothalamic NAD(+)/NADH ratios. In conclusion, hypometabolism and hypothermia in endotoxic shock are not consequential to hypoxia but serve as a pre-emptive strategy to avoid hypoxia in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Flatow
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil asteiner@usp.br.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D022722:Thermogenesis
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D010100:Oxygen