title: Acupuncture as analgesia for non-emergent acute non-specific neck pain, ankle sprain and primary headache in an emergency department setting: a protocol for a parallel group, randomised, controlled pilot trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to assess the feasibility of acupuncture as an add-on intervention for patients with non-emergent acute musculoskeletal pain and primary headache in an emergency department (ED) setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 patients who present to the ED and are diagnosed to have acute non-specific neck pain, ankle sprain or primary headache will be recruited by ED physicians. An intravenous or intramuscular injection of analgesics will be provided as the initial standard pain control intervention for all patients. Patients who still have moderate to severe pain after the 30 min of initial standard ED management will be considered eligible. These patients will be allocated in equal proportions to acupuncture plus standard ED management or to standard ED management alone based on computer-generated random numbers concealed in opaque, sealed, sequentially numbered envelopes. A 30 min session of acupuncture treatment with manual and/or electrical stimulation will be provided by qualified Korean medicine doctors. All patients will receive additional ED management at the ED physician's discretion and based on each patient's response to the allocated intervention. The primary outcome will be pain reduction measured at discharge from the ED by an unblinded assessor. Adverse events in both groups will be documented. Other outcomes will include the patient-reported overall improvement, disability due to neck pain (only for neck-pain patients), the treatment response rate, the use of other healthcare resources and the patients' perceived effectiveness of the acupuncture treatment. A follow-up telephone interview will be conducted by a blinded assessor 72±12 h after ED discharge.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). The results of this study will guide a full-scale randomised trial of acupuncture in an ED context.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02013908.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kun Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Maeng Real
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mun Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Myeon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Ri
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Ryul
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D059787:Acute Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000698:Analgesia; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D006261:Headache / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design
keywords: Accident & Emergency Medicine; Complementary Medicine; Pain Management