title: Regulation of renin secretion and arterial pressure during prolonged baroreflex activation: influence of salt intake.
abstract: Chronic electric activation of the carotid baroreflex produces sustained reductions in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure and is currently being evaluated as antihypertensive therapy for patients with resistant hypertension. However, the influence of variations in salt intake on blood pressure lowering during baroreflex activation (BA) has not yet been determined. As the sensitivity of arterial pressure to salt intake is linked to the responsiveness of renin secretion, we determined steady-state levels of arterial pressure and neurohormonal responses in 6 dogs on low, normal, and high salt intakes (5, 40, 450 mmol/d, respectively) under control conditions and during a 7-day constant level of BA. Under control conditions, there was no difference in mean arterial pressure at low (92±1) and normal (92±2 mm Hg) sodium intakes, but pressure increased 9±2 mm Hg during high salt. Plasma renin activity (2.01±0.23, 0.93±0.20, 0.01±0.01 ng angiotensin I/mL/h) and plasma aldosterone (10.3±1.9, 3.5±0.5, 1.7±0.1 ng/dL) were inversely related to salt intake, whereas there were no changes in plasma norepinephrine. Although mean arterial pressure (19-22 mm Hg) and norepinephrine (20%-40%) were lower at all salt intakes during BA, neither the changes in pressure nor the absolute values for plasma renin activity or aldosterone in response to salt were different from control conditions. These findings demonstrate that suppression of sympathetic activity by BA lowers arterial pressure without increasing renin release and indicate that changes in sympathetic activity are not primary mediators of the effect of salt on renin secretion. Consequently, blood pressure lowering during BA is independent of salt intake.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (D.A.H., T.E.L.) and Department of Surgery (D.A.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; North Memorial Medical Center, Trauma Services, Robbinsdale, MN (E.D.I.); and CVRx, Inc, Minneapolis, MN (A.W.C.).
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (D.A.H., T.E.L.) and Department of Surgery (D.A.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; North Memorial Medical Center, Trauma Services, Robbinsdale, MN (E.D.I.); and CVRx, Inc, Minneapolis, MN (A.W.C.).
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (D.A.H., T.E.L.) and Department of Surgery (D.A.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; North Memorial Medical Center, Trauma Services, Robbinsdale, MN (E.D.I.); and CVRx, Inc, Minneapolis, MN (A.W.C.).
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Cates
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (D.A.H., T.E.L.) and Department of Surgery (D.A.H.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; North Memorial Medical Center, Trauma Services, Robbinsdale, MN (E.D.I.); and CVRx, Inc, Minneapolis, MN (A.W.C.). tlohmeier@umc.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lohmeier
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006400:Hematocrit; D023421:Models, Animal; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D000450:Aldosterone; D012083:Renin
keywords: arterial pressure; baroreflex; renin–angiotensin system; sympathetic nervous system