title: Structure characterization and anti-tyrosinase mechanism of polymeric proanthocyanidins fractionated from kiwifruit pericarp.
abstract: To provide information on the structure, activity, and structure-activity relationship of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) pericarp proanthocyanidins (PAs), they were separated into three fractions. These fractions were further identified by MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC-ESI-MS methods. Spectra results revealed that they are complex mixtures of B-type propelargonidins, procyanidins, procyanidins gallate, and prodelphinidins. Enzymatic activity analysis showed that these compounds strongly inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, indicating that they are reversible and mixed-type inhibitors of the enzyme. The results obtained from fluorescence quenching showed PAs inhibit the enzyme activity by interacting with substrate and enzyme. This study confirmed that the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of PAs produces a positive effect on their anti-tyrosinase activity. In addition, the antioxidant analysis indicated that PAs possess potent antioxidant activity. These conclusions mean kiwifruit pericarp PAs may be explored as insecticides, food preservatives, and cosmetic additives.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhi-Hao
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yu-Sen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Qing-Xi
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058105:Polymerization; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase