title: Pleiotropic effects of the rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a review of preclinical and clinical studies.
abstract: There is growing evidence that Rho-kinase contributes to cardiovascular disease, which has made Rho-kinase a target for the treatment of human diseases. To date, the only Rho-kinase inhibitor employed clinically in humans is fasudil, which has been used for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and subsequent ischemic injury after surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A number of pathological processes, in particular hemodynamic dysfunctions and inflammatory reactions, are thought to be related in the pathogenesis of delayed cerebral vasospasm and subsequent ischemic injury after SAH. This review focuses on fasudil's pleiotropic therapeutic effects: amelioration of hemodynamic dysfunction and inflammation, and discusses in detail the clinical studies on fasudil administered after the occurrence of SAH.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikegaki
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Scientific Affairs Dept., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 1-105 Kanda Jinbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101- 8101, Japan. sato.sn@om.asahi-kasei.co.jp.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; C049347:fasudil