title: The associations between self-consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents.
abstract: Self-consciousness is considered as a multifaceted and hierarchical construct that includes self-evaluation, self-experience, and self-control. This study assumes that self-consciousness is a preventative factor of internalizing and externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents. 1202 Chinese adolescents from grade 7 to grade 12 participated in this study by completing a battery of questionnaires that assessed self-consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems. The results showed that, after controlling demographic variables, some lower-order factors (i.e., sense of satisfaction, sense of anxiety, social self, self-restraint, self-esteem, and self-monitoring) and higher-order subscales (i.e., self-evaluation and self-experience) of self-consciousness significantly predicted internalizing problems, while externalizing problems were predicted by several lower-order factors (i.e., self-restraint, sense of satisfaction, and self-monitoring) and higher-order subscales (i.e., self-control and self-experience). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Chinese adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems are related with different aspects of self-consciousness, which sheds light on the prevention into adolescents' problem behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 510006, China; Psychological and Behavioral Research Center of Cantonese, Guangzhou University, 510006, China. Electronic address: niezi66@21cn.com.
authors.forename: Yan-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131, Italy.
authors.forename: Jian-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Jinan University, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: eBusiness College, Guangzhou Vocational College of Technology and Business, 511442, China.
authors.forename: Qiao-Min
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Situ
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Externalizing problems; Internalizing problems; Preventive factor; Self-consciousness