title: Bitterness intensity prediction of berberine hydrochloride using an electronic tongue and a GA-BP neural network.
abstract: The aim of this study was to predict the bitterness intensity of a drug using an electronic tongue (e-tongue). The model drug of berberine hydrochloride was used to establish a bitterness prediction model (BPM), based on the taste evaluation of bitterness intensity by a taste panel, the data provided by the e-tongue and a genetic algorithm-back-propagation neural network (GA-BP) modeling method. The modeling characteristics of the GA-BP were compared with those of multiple linear regression, partial least square regression and BP methods. The determination coefficient of the BPM was 0.99965±0.00004, the root mean square error of cross-validation was 0.1398±0.0488 and the correlation coefficient of the cross-validation between the true and predicted values was 0.9959±0.0027. The model is superior to the other three models based on these indicators. In conclusion, the model established in this study has a high fitting degree and may be used for the bitterness prediction modeling of berberine hydrochloride of different concentrations. The model also provides a reference for the generation of BPMs of other drugs. Additionally, the algorithm of the study is able to conduct a rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of the data provided by the e-tongue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ruixin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junhan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: berberine hydrochloride; bitterness intensity; bitterness prediction model; electronic tongue; genetic algorithm-back-propagation neural network