title: Cognitive styles in depressed children with and without comorbid conduct disorder.
abstract: Little is known about patterns of cognitive impairment in depression comorbid with conduct disorder. The study included clinically depressed children with (N = 23) or without conduct disorder (N = 29), and controls without psychiatric disorder (N = 37). Cognitive biases typical of depression and patterns of social information processing were assessed. Both depressed groups had substantially higher rates of negative cognitive distortions, attributional biases and ruminative responses than non-depressed children. Children in the comorbid group made more hostile attributions and suggested more aggressive responses for dealing with threatening social situations, whilst children with depression only were more likely to be unassertive. Depression has a number of similar depressotypic cognitive biases whether or not complicated by conduct disorder, and may be potentially susceptible to similar interventions. The results also highlight the importance of recognising social information processing deficits when they occur and targeting those too, especially in comorbid presentations.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Haydn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK. Electronic address: schepmank@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schepman
authors.affiliation: Autism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fombonne
authors.affiliation: Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Haydn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collishaw
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cognitive styles; Comorbidity; Conduct disorder; Depression; Social information processing