title: Psychometric testing of a Mandarin Chinese Version of the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale for patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS) is a self-report instrument that assesses symptoms and the severity of depression, but its psychometric properties in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese-Speaking populations are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychometric properties of the Mandarin Chinese version of the CUDOS (CUDOS-Chinese).
  
  
  METHODS
  A methodological research design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endocrinology and metabolism outpatient clinics at 2 university-affiliated hospitals in northern Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred and fourteen type 2 diabetic patients with the mean age of 62.6 years were enrolled, and two-hundred and twelve of them completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent, and contrasted-groups validity were assessed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess sensitivity and specificity. Construct validity by means of confirmatory factor analysis was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency (Cronbach α of total scale and four subscales=0.93, 0.80, 0.66, 0.80, and 0.83, respectively), test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients of total scale and four subscales=0.92, 0.89, 0.94, 0.89, and 0.91, respectively), and strong correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (r=0.87) suggested good reliability and validity. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model. A cut-off score of 19/20 yielded 77.8% sensitivity and 75.6% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CUDOS-Chinese demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability for detecting depression in type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lan-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chiu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Yeh
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Science Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: ptsai@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Pei-Shan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Clinically useful depression outcome scale; Depression; Depressive symptoms; Diabetes mellitus