title: Potential of a smartphone as a stress-free sensor of daily human behaviour.
abstract: Behaviour is one of the most powerful objective signals that connotes psychological functions regulated by neuronal network systems. This study searched for simple behaviours using smartphone sensors with three axes for measuring acceleration, angular speed and direction. We used quantitative analytic methodology of pattern recognition for work contexts, individual workers and seasonal effects in our own longitudinally recorded data. Our 13 laboratory members were involved in the care of common marmosets and domestic chicks, which lived in separate rooms. They attached a smartphone to their front waist-belts during feeding and cleaning in five care tasks. Behavioural characteristics such as speed, acceleration and azimuth, pitch, and roll angles were monitored. Afterwards, participants noted subjective scores of warmth sensation and work efficiency. The multivariate time series behavioral data were characterized by the subjective scores and environmental factors such as room temperature, season, and humidity, using the linear mixed model. In contrast to high-precision but stress-inducing sensors, the mobile sensors measuring daily behaviours allowed us to quantify the effects of the psychological states and environmental factors on the behavioural traits.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.affiliation: The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishino
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Genta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karino
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; The National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senoo
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.affiliation: Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunikata
authors.affiliation: Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; The National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; The National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: koshiba@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshiba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Accelerometer; Geomagnetic sensor; Gyroscope; Seasonal modulation; Thermal psychology; Work efficiency