title: Imaging Biomarkers for Intra-arterial Stroke Therapy.
abstract: Despite high rates of early revascularization with intra-arterial stroke therapy, the clinical efficacy of this approach has not been clearly demonstrated. Neuroimaging biomarkers will be useful in future trials for patient selection and for outcomes evaluation. To identify patients who are likely to benefit from intra-arterial therapy, the combination of vessel imaging, infarct size quantification and degree of neurologic deficit appears critical. Perfusion imaging may be useful in specific circumstances, but requires further validation. For measuring treatment outcomes, surrogate biomarkers that appear suitable are angiographic reperfusion as measured by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale and final infarct volume.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street GRB 241, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Olvert A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Berkhemer
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street GRB 241, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Shervin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamalian
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street GRB 241, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: R Gilberto
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charles B L M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Majoie
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street GRB 241, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; CT; Endo-vascular; Intra-arterial; MRI; Neuroimaging; Reperfusion therapy