title: A bisected pupil for studying single-molecule orientational dynamics and its application to three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy.
abstract: A phase mask design that we term a "bisected pupil" (BSP) provides several advantages for single-molecule optical imaging. When using the BSP with a dual-polarization optical Fourier processing system, both the position and dipole orientation of individual fluorescent molecules may be measured from a single camera image. In the context of single-molecule super-resolution microscopy, this technique permits one to diagnose, and subsequently to remove imaging artifacts resulting from orientation-induced localization errors. If the molecules labeling a structure are rotationally mobile, thus mitigating dipole orientation errors, this technique enables super-resolution imaging in three dimensions. We present simulations and experimental verification.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, 475 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, USA ; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Axis, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Backer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Axis, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Mikael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Backlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Axis, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: von Diezmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Axis, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Steffen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 375 North-South Axis, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Moerner