title: Improvement of a dry formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e for fire blight disease biocontrol by combination of culture osmoadaptation with a freeze-drying lyoprotectant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of lyoprotectants and osmoadaptation on viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e during freeze-drying and storage and to evaluate the formulation in terms of efficacy in biocontrol and fitness on pear flowers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A wettable powder formulation of a biocontrol agent of fire blight was optimized by means of lyoprotectants and culture osmoadaptation. Freeze-drying was used to obtain dehydrated cells, and the best viability (70% of survival) was obtained using lactose as lyoprotectant. Survival during lyophilization was additionally improved using physiological adaptation of cells during cultivation under salt-amended medium (osmoadaptation). The procedure increased the survival of cells after freeze-drying attaining viability values close to a 100% in the lactose-formulated product (3 × 10(11) CFU g(-1) ), and through the storage period of 1 year at 4°C. The dry formulation showed also an improved biocontrol efficacy and survival of EPS62e on pear flowers under low relative humidity conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell viability after freeze-drying was improved using lactose as lyoprotectant combined with a procedure of osmoadaptation during cultivation. The powder-formulated product remained active for 12 months and retained biocontrol levels similar to that of fresh cells. The formulation showed an improved survival of EPS62e on flowers and an increase of the efficacy of biocontrol of fire blight at low relative humidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results have a potential value for commercial application in biocontrol agents not only of fire blight but also of other plant diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabrefiga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Francés
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montesinos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonaterra
mesh_terms: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D035264:Flowers; D005612:Freeze Drying; D064587:Osmoregulation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000502:physiology*; D031989:Pyrus / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents
keywords: Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; biocontrol; fire blight; freeze-drying; osmoadaptation; protective agents