title: Parental psychopathology moderates the influence of parental divorce on lifetime alcohol use disorders among Israeli adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parental divorce and psychopathology are well-documented risk factors for alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the United States and other countries where divorce is common and per capita total alcohol consumption is moderate to high. However, little is known about these relationships in countries where divorce and alcohol problems are less common, such as Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Israeli adult household residents (N=797) age 21-45 were interviewed in person between 2007 and 2009. Logistic regression models were used to examine main and additive interaction effects of parental divorce and psychopathology on lifetime DSM-IV AUD, adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parental divorce (OR=2.18, p≤0.001) and parental psychopathology (OR=1.61, p≤0.01) were independently associated with lifetime AUD and, when considered together, showed significant interaction (p=0.026). Specifically, the effect of divorce on AUD was only significant among those who also reported parental psychopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study showing the influence of parental divorce and psychopathology on risk for AUD among Israeli adults, where both divorce and AUD are less common than in the United States. Alcohol prevention and treatment professionals should recognize that children who experience parental divorce and/or psychopathology could be more vulnerable to later developing AUD than those whose parents remain together and without psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Dvora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shmulewitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Malki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aharonovich
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Baruch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spivak
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel; Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weizman
authors.affiliation: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Bridget F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: dsh2@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hasin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D004243:Divorce / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol use disorders; Israel; Parental divorce; Parental psychopathology