title: Positive effects of football on fitness, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of recreational football training combined with calorie-restricted diet (football + diet) vs calorie-restricted diet alone (diet) on aerobic fitness, lipid profile, and insulin resistance indicators in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Forty-four T2D patients aged 48-68 years (27 females, 17 males) were randomly allocated to the football + diet group (FDG; n = 22) or to the diet group (DG; n = 22), of whom 19 FDG and 15 DG subjects completed the study. The football training was performed for 3 × 40 min/week for 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning, treadmill testing, and fasting blood samplings were performed pre and post-intervention. After 12 weeks, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max ) was elevated (P < 0.05) by 10 ± 4% in FDG but not in DG (-3 ± 4%, P < 0.05). After 12 weeks, reductions in blood triglycerides (0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), total cholesterol (0.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein levels were observed only in FDG. Fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 3.4 ± 0.4 kg in FDG and 3.7 ± 0.4 kg in DG. The lower (P < 0.05) glucagon and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance indicated an improvement in insulin sensitivity in FDG. In conclusion, football combined with restricted diet was effective in enhancing VO₂max , reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides, and increasing insulin sensitivity, potentially providing better tools for the prevention of T2D complications than diet alone.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krustrup
authors.forename: R M R
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: P R S
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: M E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Soccer; VO2max; cholesterol; dietary counseling; insulin sensitivity; intermittent exercise; lifestyle program; triglycerides