title: Off-site smartphone reading of CT images for patients with inconclusive diagnoses of appendicitis from on-call radiologists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to simulate a mobile consultation in patients with inconclusive diagnosis of appendicitis made by on-call radiologists, as well as to measure the diagnostic confidence and performance of the mobile consultation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two off-site abdominal radiologists interpreted the CT images from 68 patients (including 29 patients with confirmed appendicitis) on a smart-phone for whom the preliminary CT reports by 25 in-house on-call radiologists were inconclusive. The smartphone readings were compared with the preliminary reports by on-call radiologists and with the original final reports by in-house abdominal radiologists. Heat maps, kappa statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and ROC curves were used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The heat maps and kappa statistics showed that the smartphone readings were more similar to the final reports than to the preliminary reports. In diagnosing or ruling out appendicitis, the smartphone readings were more confident than the preliminary reports (p ≤ 0.01) and did not significantly differ in diagnostic confidence from the final reports (p ≥ 0.19). The AUCs of the smartphone readings (0.91 and 0.92) did not differ significantly from those of the preliminary (0.85) or final (0.97) reports (p ≥ 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the given study sample, the diagnostic performance of the off-site smartphone readings did not differ significantly from that of the in-house preliminary reports. However, the smartphone readings provided higher diagnostic confidence than the preliminary reports.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Nak Jong
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Bohyoung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyuk Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunsik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Heung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyoung Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019114:Remote Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019112:Teleradiology / Q000379:methods*; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed
keywords: CT; abdomen; appendicitis; mobile; smartphone