title: An ultrathin, smooth, and low-loss Al-doped Ag film and its application as a transparent electrode in organic photovoltaics.
abstract: An ultrathin, smooth, and low-loss Ag film without a wetting layer is achieved by co-depositing a small amount of Al into Ag. The film can be as thin as 6 nm, with a roughness below 1 nm and excellent mechanical flexibility. Organic photovoltaics that use these thin films as transparent electrode show superior efficiency to their indium tin oxide (ITO) counterparts because of improved photon management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dewei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Deen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hyunsoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Yi-Kuei Ryan
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L Jay
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Guo
keywords: ITO-free electrodes; light trapping; organic photovoltaics; transparent electrodes; ultrathin silver films