title: Prevalence of coronal pulp stones and its relation with systemic disorders in northern Indian central punjabi population.
abstract: Aim. To estimate the prevalence of coronal pulp stones in the molar teeth of dental outpatients of Sunam, Sangrur district, Punjab, India, to report any association between occurrence of pulp stones with age, gender, dental arch, side, and dental status and to find out correlation between pulp stones with dental and systemic diseases. Materials and Methods. 500 routine dental outpatients within age group of 18-67 years were involved in the study. Molar bitewing of left and right side of each patient was taken with XCP bitewing instrument and size 2 film. The presence or absence of pulp stones was recorded. Chi-square analysis was used to record the prevalence of pulp stones and to compare it with demographic and systemic factors. Results. Overall prevalence of pulp stones was 41.8%. Pulp stones were significantly higher in maxilla (11.59%) than mandible (6.54%), left side than right side, and first molar than other molars. Higher numbers of pulp stones were recorded in patients with cardiovascular disease (38.89%) than with cholelithiasis and renal lithiasis. Conclusion. Pulp stones were higher in maxillary arch than mandibular arch and in females than males. Cardiovascular patients had higher number of pulp stones than other groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Harkanwal Preet
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: KLES Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Swati Swagatika
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Biswal
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Azamgarh Dental College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanth
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Naganhalli Road, Daryapur, Gulbarga, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nalla