title: Root resorption after leveling with super-elastic and conventional steel arch wires: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective study was to compare root resorption after the leveling phase of treatment, performed by either super-elastic or conventional multi-stranded stainless steel arch wires.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a total of 156 future orthodontic patients in a private clinic, 82 were included in the study after excluding those who earlier had orthodontic or endodontic treatment or signs of resorption. Patients were equally arbitrary allocated into two groups, where leveling was performed either with super-elastic heat-activated or conventional multi-stranded stainless steel arch wires. Root length loss was calculated using pre-treatment and post-leveling periapical radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of super-elastic arch wires did not significantly increase the severity of root resorption, except for tooth 31, while it reduced leveling time compared to conventional stainless steel wires. Crossbite of maxillary lateral incisors seemed to be a risk factor for resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incisor root resorption after leveling did not differ significantly between patients treated with super-elastic and conventional stainless steel arch wires, except for a mandibular incisor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry-Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19/21, Bergen, 5009, Norway. kawam70@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kawa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alzahawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway. espenfa@online.no.
authors.forename: Espen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Færøvig
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry-Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19/21, Bergen, 5009, Norway. pongsri.brudvik@iko.uib.no.
authors.forename: Pongsri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brudvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway. olav.boe@iko.uib.no.
authors.forename: Olav Egil
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Bøe
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, 10679, Greece. maria_mavragani@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mavragani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium