title: A survey on medicinal materials used in traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sri Lanka has rich traditional systems of medicine, which cater to 60-70% of the rural population׳s primary health care needs. However, development of existing systems has been hindered by the unavailability of up-to-date information on medicinal materials and other related issues. For streamlining purposes, we investigated the present-day scenario of country׳s medicinal plant industry by gathering up-to-date information on the types of raw materials required, their aggregate quantities, heavily used and rare materials, family wise distribution, challenges faced by stakeholders as well as other pertinent issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present survey covered the selected government Ayurveda hospitals, traditional and Ayurveda practitioners, large and small-scale herbal drug and cosmetic manufactures, importers, collectors and Ayurveda commissioners throughout the country. A systematic questionnaire was distributed and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A diverse range of medicinal materials, including 290 species (64.73%) from dried plants, 59 (13.17%) from fresh plants, 69 (15.40%) from minerals, 18 (4.02%) from animal sources and 12 (2.68%) from other sources were recorded. A total of 302 plant species belonging to 95 families, dominated by Leguminosae family, was listed. Out of these, 46 species belonging to 35 families were used intensively. A large portion of herbal materials was of completely local origin (71.13%) while 26% were imported and the rest (2.87%) can be obtained by both routes. Leaves were the most highly used part of the plant (22.2%). High price, poor quality, insufficient or totally absence of continuous supply and adulteration were the main constraints faced by the stakeholders. The unavailability of systematic cultivation and processing protocols, incorrect identification, and lack of proper quality control methodologies were identified as major challenges of the industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed a currently bleak scenario of the medicinal material industry in Sri Lanka. The results clearly demonstrated the need to implement a national strategy to address the major challenges faced by different stakeholders. Information generated through this study could be effectively incorporated for the formulation of a sustainable development strategy for this industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plantation Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: T N M
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kankanamalage
authors.affiliation: Industrial Technology Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka. Electronic address: dharma@iti.lk.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dharmadasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plantation Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Abeysinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture & Fisheries, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: R G S
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Wijesekara
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011786:Quality Control; D013188:Sri Lanka; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Medicinal materials; Sri Lanka; Survey; Traditional medicine