title: Sources of racial/ethnic differences in awareness of HIV vaccine trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the relative effects of 2 awareness components-exposure and attention-on racial/ethnic differences in HIV vaccine trial awareness among men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys assessing awareness of and attitudes toward HIV vaccine trials were administered to 1723 MSM in 6 US cities. Proxy measures of exposure included use of HIV resources and other health care services, community involvement, income, and residence. Attention proxy measures included research attitudes, HIV susceptibility, and HIV message fatigue. Using logistic regression models, we assessed the extent to which these proxies accounted for racial/ethnic differences in vaccine trial awareness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White MSM reported significantly (P < .01) higher rates of HIV vaccine trial awareness (22%) compared with Latino (17%), Black (13%) and "other" (13%) MSM. Venue-based exposure proxies and research-directed attitudinal attention proxies were significantly associated with awareness, but only accounted for the White-Latino disparity in awareness. No proxies accounted for the White-Black or White-"other" differentials in awareness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sources of disparities in awareness of HIV vaccine trials remain to be explained. Future trials seeking to promote diverse participation should explore additional exposure and attention mediators.
authors.affiliation: Michael P. Arnold, Michele Andrasik, Shelly Karuna, and Steven Wakefield are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Stewart Landers is with Boston Health Services, John Snow Inc., Boston, MA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA. Kenneth Mayer is with the Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health. Susan Buchbinder is with Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA. Beryl A. Koblin is with Project Achieve, New York Blood Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrasik
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karuna
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mimiaga
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
authors.forename: Beryl A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines