title: Soy food consumption, cardiometabolic alterations and carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The associations between soy food consumption, cardiometabolic disturbances and subclinical atherosclerosis remain controversial due to limited evidence. We examined the associations of habitual soy food consumption with cardiometabolic disturbances and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 2939 subjects (2135 women and 804 men) aged 50-75 years in this community-based cross-sectional study. Dietary data and other covariates were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We determined CIMT in relation to each subject's common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation, blood lipids, glucose and urine acid, blood pressure and waist circumference. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and linear regression was used to estimate the regression coefficient and 95% CIs. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that greater consumption of soy protein (6.1 vs. 0.5 g/d) was inverse associated with the presence of elevated total cholesterol (TC), dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia in women, and with abdominal obesity in men, although no significant sex-soy interactions were observed (P: 0.145-0.985). The consumption of soy protein and isoflavones was inversely associated with the number of cardiometabolic disturbances among women, but not men. There were no significant associations of soy protein and isoflavones with CIMT thickening and other cardiometabolic disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater soy consumption was associated with a lower presence of elevated TC, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and less number of cardiometabolic disturbances components in women.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: chenyum@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000378:metabolism; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D045730:Soy Foods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cardiometabolic disturbances; Carotid intima-media thickness; Dietary intake; Hyperuricemia; Soy food