title: Chitosan/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To favor regeneration following critical bone defect, a combination of autologous bone graft and biomaterials is currently used. Major drawbacks of such techniques remain the availability of the autologous material and the second surgical site, inducing pain and morbidity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate the biocompatibility in vitro of three dimensions hybrid biodegradable scaffolds combining osteoconductive properties of hydroxyapatite and anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hybrid scaffolds were characterized by microscopic observations, equilibrium swelling ratio and overtime weight loss measurements. In vitro studies were performed using primary human bone cells cultured for 7, 14 and 21 days. Cell viability, proliferation, morphology and differentiation through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Characterization of our scaffolds demonstrated porous, hydrophilic and biodegradable characteristics. In vitro studies showed that these scaffolds have induced slight decrease in cell death and proliferation comparing to the culture plastic substrate control condition, as well as increased short term osteoinductive properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we have provided evidence that our hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds could be suitable for bone filling.
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mechiche Alami
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Draux
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouthors
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France Département de Chirurgie Dentaire, CHU de Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laurent-Maquin
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gangloff
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerdjoudj
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velard
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Hydroxyapatite; human primary bone cells; three dimensions hybrid scaffold