title: [Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in outpatient adolescents and young adults with other psychiatric disorders refractory to previous treatments].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with other primary psychiatric disorders, who had not responded to previous treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 795 outpatients aged 15 to 24 years were included. The presence of ADHD was studied using DSM-IV criteria and the frequency of symptoms using the 18 item DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) was present in 48 patients (6%), none of whom had previously received the diagnosis. A total of 260 patients (32.7%) met the criteria for moderate ADHD and between them, severity of primary psychiatric disorder was higher according to the CGI-S (P=.007). Risk factors for moderate ADHD symptoms were the presence of substance use disorders (SUD) (odds ratio=1.543, P=.01) and borderline personality disorders (odds ratio =2.173, p=.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unrecognized ADHD was present in 6% of patients; moreover 32.7% of the sample also presented moderate symptoms of the disorder. Screening for ADHD in young patients with refractory response to primary disorder treatment, mainly those with substance use disorders, conduct and personality disorders is highly advisable, due to the high frequency of ADHD comorbidity in these psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, España; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barrau
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, España; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Departamento Médico, Janssen-Cilag, S.A, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caballero-Correa
authors.affiliation: Departamento Médico, Janssen-Cilag, S.A, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, España; Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, España. Electronic address: jaramos@vhebron.net.
authors.forename: Josep Antoni
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Quiroga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescentes; Adolescents; Adultos; Adults; Attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder; Comorbidity; Comorbilidad; Refractario; Refractory; Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad