title: Increased internalization of Staphylococcus aureus and cytokine expression in human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a large number of studies have documented the interaction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, not much is known about how bacteria interact with MSCs and how this might influence MSCs behavior. In this study, we investigated the impact of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), on viability and cytokines' production of human Wharton's jelly-MSCs (WJ-MSCs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if WJ-MSCs: (1) internalize S. aureus; (2) are able to survive and (3) release immunomodulatory mediators after interaction with S. aureus.
  
  
  METHODS
  WJ-MSCs were exposed to S. aureus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10:1 or 30:1 for different designed times. After interaction, intracellular bacteria were quantified as well as MSCs viability. Expression and cytokine-secretion were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the challenge of WJ-MSCs with S. aureus resulted in increased internalization of S. aureus in a time-dependent manner until six hours post-infection at either MOI of 10:1 and 30:1 and in increased expression of IL-6 mRNA and secretion of TNF-α at six hours and nine hours post-infection (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that WJ-MSCs are able to internalize S. aureus and reveal a potential important function of these cells in the immune response.
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velard
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mechiche Alami
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR d'Odontologie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Halima
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerdjoudj
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Bouchaib
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamkhioued
authors.affiliation: EA 4691 «Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux», Pôle Santé, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France UFR de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Sophie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gangloff
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D059631:Wharton Jelly / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJ-MSCs); Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); inflammation; internalization