title: Insight into the effects of adipose tissue inflammation factors on miR-378 expression and the underlying mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and the related metabolic syndrome have emerged as major public health issues in modern society. miRNAs have been shown to play key roles in regulating obesity-related metabolic syndrome, and some miRNAs regulated by adiponectin were identified as novel targets for controlling adipose tissue inflammation. miR-378 is a candidate target that was shown to be involved in adipose differentiation, mitochondrial metabolism and systemic energy homeostasis. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of miR-378 expression. To better understand the physiological role of miR-378 in obesity and metabolic syndrome, it is crucial that we understand the regulation of miR-378 gene expression in human adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the effects of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines on miR-378 expression using Real-time PCR and the potential regulatory mechanisms using luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results : We found that adipokines and cytokines upregulated miR-378 expression primarily through SREBP and C/EBP binding sites in the miR-378 promoter region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that adipokines induced miR-378 expression and revealed the most likely mechanism of adipokine-induced miR-378 dysregulation in human adipocytes. miRNAs have been shown to function in regulating obesity-related metabolic syndrome, and miR-378 may be a novel target for controlling adipose tissue inflammation. This study offers a theoretical basis for understanding systemic adipose tissue inflammation and may provide new strategies for clinical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xinye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Ziyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Chenbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xirong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lulian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lingxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Meiyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hongming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; C526012:MIRN378 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha