title: Outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in the management of choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal osteoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of serial anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal osteoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective interventional case series, eyes with choroidal osteoma and associated choroidal neovascularization were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab or bevacizumab with or without photodynamic therapy consolidation. Resolution of subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight eyes in eight patients were treated with monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections with or without photodynamic therapy. Resolution of subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography was achieved in 7 of 8 eyes (87%) with a mean of 12.3 ± 12.6 injections (range, 1-40). Four eyes (50%) experienced at least 1 recurrence of exudation at a mean interval of 10 months (median, 7.5; range, 5-21 months), necessitating further therapy. The mean Snellen visual acuity improvement was 1 ± 4 lines (range, loss 3 to gain 7 lines) at a mean of 32-months follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy alone or with photodynamic therapy consolidation for choroidal neovascularization due to choroidal osteoma resulted in anatomical improvement and modest visual gain.
authors.affiliation: *Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and †Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Francis C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: DeCroos
authors.forename: Philip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: Jerry A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Sunir J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002648:Child; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010016:Osteoma / Q000150:complications*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab