title: Acute binge alcohol administration reverses sleep-wake cycle in Sprague Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Binge alcohol drinking is among the most common pattern of alcohol consumption in our society. Binge alcohol consumption has serious negative consequence on mental and physical health. Although alcohol consumption is known to have profound impact on sleep, it is yet unknown as to how binge alcohol affects/alters sleep-wakefulness. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acute binge alcohol administration on sleep-wakefulness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Under standard aseptic surgical conditions, rats (N = 7) were implanted with sleep-recording electrodes. After postoperative recovery and habituation, baseline sleep-wakefulness was recorded. Subsequently, rats were exposed to binge alcohol treatment as follows: One hour before light onset, a priming dose of 5 g/kg of alcohol was administered followed by 2 subsequent doses (adjusted based on the intoxication level of the rat) approximately 8 hours apart. Sleep-wakefulness was continuously recorded for 3 days post-binge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute binge alcohol administration had no significant effect on sleep-wakefulness on post-binge Day 1. However, on post-binge Day 2, after blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 0, sleep disruptions were observed manifested by a reversal of sleep-wakefulness as evident from insomnia-like symptoms (significant increase in wakefulness; significant reduction in nonrapid eye movement [NREM] sleep) during the normal sleep (light) period and excessive sleep (significant increase in NREM sleep) during the normal active (dark) period similar to excessive daytime sleepiness in humans. All sleep-wakefulness changes were normalized on Day 3 post-binge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol hangover is defined as the presence of unpleasant symptoms that peak when BAC is 0. Our results suggest that the reversal of sleep-wakefulness accompanies alcohol hangover after binge alcohol administration.
authors.affiliation: Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahota
authors.forename: Mahesh M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thakkar
mesh_terms: D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Binge; Hangover; Rat; Sleep