title: Non-motor symptoms profile and burden in drug naïve versus long-term Parkinson's disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that, contrary to common perception non-motor symptoms (NMS) occur and may dominate early and untreated stage of Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this ongoing study was to describe the overall NMS profile and burden in drug naïve PD patients (DNPD) compared to a group of long-term PD patients (LTPD, disease duration ≥15 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional UK data from a multicenter (16 sites) collaboration were obtained and specifically NMS dataset from validated scales were analysed in DNPD and LTPD patients. The NMS scale (NMSS) was used as the primary outcome variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of a current database of 468 PD patients, 57 were DNPD (58% males, mean age 64.8 years, median Hoehn and Yahr stage 1) and 25 were LTPD (44%, mean age 67.6 years, median Hoehn and Yahr stage 3). DNPD patients had a significantly lower (p = 0.001) NMSS score (mean 45.5, range 1-150) compared to the LTPD patients (mean 74.0, range 6-155), but 26.3% had severe and 19.3% had very severe burden of NMSS using NMSS cutoff scores. In comparison, 20.0% of the LTPD patients had severe and 60.0% very severe burden of NMS (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMS are common in DNPD patients and over 45% may have severe to very severe burden of NMS, which is a key determinant of quality of life. In LTPD patients not only the burden of "very severe" NMS is significantly higher, but there are also differences in the profile of expression of NMS.
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zis
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.affiliation: National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez-Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, NHS Forth Valley Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, UK Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh.
authors.forename: Suvankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Monty
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverdale
authors.affiliation: United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Lincoln, UK.
authors.forename: Jagdish C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauerbier
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Kallol Ray
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: NMS scale; Parkinson's disease; drug naïve; non-motor symptoms