title: The association of puberty and young adolescent alcohol use: do parents have a moderating role?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the extent to which parent-adolescent emotional closeness, family conflict, and parental permissiveness moderate the association of puberty and alcohol use in adolescents (aged 10-14).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 7631 adolescents from 231 Australian schools. Measures included pubertal status, recent (30day) alcohol use, parent-adolescent emotional closeness, family conflict, parental permissiveness of alcohol use and peer alcohol use. The analysis was based on a two-level (individuals nested within schools) logistic regression model, with main effects entered first, and interaction terms added second.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interaction of family factors and pubertal stage did not improve the fit of the model, so a main effect model of family factors and pubertal stage was adopted. There were significant main effects for pubertal stage with boys in middle puberty at increased odds of alcohol use, and girls in advanced puberty at increased odds of alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Puberty and family factors were strong predictors of adolescent alcohol use, but family factors did not account for variation in the association of pubertal stage and alcohol use.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: k.li@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: H Karen
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary C K
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Toumbourou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanne W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054541:Family Conflict; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D011627:Puberty
keywords: Adolescent; Alcohol; Family relationships; Parents; Permissiveness; Puberty