title: Neuronal and glia-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral ischemia promotes morphological reactions of the neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in experimental studies. Our aim was to examine the profile of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) biomarkers and their relation to stroke severity and degree of white matter lesions (WML).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 patients (mean age 76 years) were included within 5-10 days after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) onset. Stroke severity was assessed using NIHSS (National Institute of Health stroke scale). The age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale was used to evaluate the extent of WML on CT-scans. The concentrations of specific CSF biomarkers were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AIS had significantly higher levels of NFL (neurofilament, light), T-tau, myelin basic protein (MBP), YKL-40, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) compared with controls; T-Tau, MBP, GFAP, and YKL-40 correlated with clinical stroke severity, whereas NFL correlated with severity of WML (tested by Mann-Whitney test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several CSF biomarkers increase in AIS, and they correlate to clinical stroke severity. However, only NFL was found to be a marker of degree of WML.
authors.affiliation: The Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hjalmarsson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bjerke
authors.affiliation: The Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden. ; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: The Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: N David
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Aberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eckerström
authors.affiliation: The Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bokemark
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
keywords: WML; cerebrospinal fluid; neurodegeneration; stroke