title: Confocal laser endomicroscopy for non-invasive head and neck cancer imaging: a comprehensive review.
abstract: Histological assessment is an essential tool in the diagnosis and guidance of the treatment of various diseases, in particular cancer, of the head and neck. Recent major advances in optical imaging techniques have made it possible to acquire high-resolution in vivo images at the cellular scale. Confocal endomicroscopy is a non-invasive technique, which can be highly useful whenever meaningful in situ histological information is required. The technical aspects of confocal endomicroscopy are introduced, followed by an overview of major clinical studies in the field of head and neck cancer. Ongoing technical developments, contributing to improvements in imaging of the upper aero-digestive tract, are also discussed. Finally, the potential complementarities of functional and molecular imaging, as compared to morphological endomicroscopy, are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, IRCIV, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8081-IR4M, Orsay F-91401, France. Electronic address: muriel.abbaci@gustavegroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbaci
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, France.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Breuskin
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Pathology, France.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Casiraghi
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, IRCIV, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8081-IR4M, Orsay F-91401, France.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Leeuw
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Pathology, France.
authors.forename: Malek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferchiou
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, France.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Temam
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, IRCIV, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8081-IR4M, Orsay F-91401, France. Electronic address: corinne.laplace@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laplace-Builhé
mesh_terms: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Confocal laser endomicroscopy; Fluorescence; Head and neck cancer; Molecular imaging; Optical biopsy; Reflectance