title: Investigation of the protective effects of proanthocyanidin and vitamin E against the toxic effect caused by formaldehyde on the liver tissue.
abstract: We aimed to investigate of protective role of proanthocyanidin (PA) and vitamin E (vit E) against to toxic effect of formaldehyde (FA). Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control group, rats treated with FA intraperitoneal (i.p.) (10 mg/kg), FA + vit E intragastric (i.g.) (30 mg/kg), and FA + PA i.g. (100 mg/kg). We assayed superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) in liver. Liver tissue was taken in order to morphological analysis and hepatocytes apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay immunostaining. SOD decreased in FA and increased in FA + vit E and FA + PA (p < 0.05). Gpx didn't change in FA and increased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). No significant variation between the groups was found in MPO activity. MDA increased only in FA and decreased in FA + vit E and FA+PA (p < 0.05). TSA didn't alter in FA and FA + vit E but decreased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). Degeneration in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, cytoplasm losses, vacuolization, picnotic nuclei, and mononuclear cell infiltration were identified in FA. Degeneration in chromatin material, membrane damage in mitochondria and losses in mitochondrial cristae in hepatocytes were observed in FA. We found that partially recovery in liver as a result of FA + vit E and FA + PA. We have concluded that long term use should be investigated for complete explanation of PA's protective effects on FA toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elvan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ulucam
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerkezkayabekir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014810:Vitamin E; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
keywords: apoptosis; formaldehyde toxicity; liver; oxidative stress; proanthocyanidin; vitamin E