title: Periodontitis in coronary heart disease patients: strong association between bleeding on probing and systemic biomarkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined the relationship of individual periodontal parameters with individual systemic biomarkers. This study assessed the possible association between specific clinical parameters of periodontitis and systemic biomarkers of coronary heart disease risk in coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiographically proven coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis (n = 317), aged >30 years and without other systemic illness were examined. Periodontal clinical parameters of bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) and systemic levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB) and white blood cells (WBC) were noted and analyzed to identify associations through linear and stepwise multiple regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unadjusted linear regression showed significant associations between periodontal and systemic parameters; the strongest association (r = 0.629; p < 0.001) was found between BOP and CRP levels, the periodontal and systemic inflammation marker, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis models revealed that BOP was a predictor of systemic CRP levels (p < 0.0001). BOP was the only periodontal parameter significantly associated with each systemic parameter (CRP, FIB, and WBC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In coronary heart disease patients with periodontitis, BOP is strongly associated with systemic CRP levels; this association possibly reflects the potential significance of the local periodontal inflammatory burden for systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Akhtar H
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.forename: Ayyaz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Arshad K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: Mateen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izhar
authors.forename: Dimitris N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tatakis
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; coronary heart disease; fibrinogen; periodontitis; white blood cells