title: Children's perspectives on how parents protect them from secondhand smoke in their homes and cars in socioeconomically contrasting communities: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) and are mainly exposed in the home and the car. Reducing children's SHS exposure is a tobacco control goal, yet few studies have explored children's perspectives on SHS. This study examines children's accounts of the strategies family members employ to protect them from SHS and is the first to examine how these may be constrained or facilitated in communities with contrasting smoking prevalence rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual, paired, and group interviews using topic guides and visual stimulus methods were conducted with 38 children aged 10-15 years who lived in 2 Scottish communities of contrasting socioeconomic status and had a close family member who smoked. Transcripts were analyzed thematically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents were reported to employ spatial and dispersal measures to reduce children's SHS exposure in homes and cars. Smoking was restricted to certain rooms and to times when those considered more vulnerable were absent. Less distance between smokers and children and more smoking in the home were reported in the disadvantaged community, reflecting less space within homes and greater parental smoking. Participants expressed strong negative views about smoking in cars and the perceived ineffectiveness of dispersal measures in this context.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was general awareness that SHS exposure was potentially harmful, SHS in the home was considered safe by some participants if certain conditions were met, particularly by those from the disadvantaged area. The implications of these findings for tobacco control programs and media campaigns, particularly those targeted at disadvantaged groups, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; neneh.rowa-dewar@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Neneh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rowa-Dewar
authors.affiliation: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cunningham-Burley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012923:Social Class; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution