title: MPFL reconstruction using a quadriceps tendon graft: part 2: operative technique and short term clinical results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe the preliminary clinical results of a new operative technique for MPFL reconstruction using a strip of quadriceps tendon (QT).
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  17 patients (7 male, 10 female; mean age 21.5 years ± 3.9) have been operated on with this technique. All patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically and with subjective questionnaires (Tegner-, Lysholm-, Kujala Score) pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6 and 12 months (m).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10 to 12 mm wide, 3mm thick and 8 to 10 cm long strip from the central aspect of quadriceps tendon is harvested subcutaneously. The tendon strip is then dissected distally on the patella, left attached, diverged 90° medially underneath the medial prepatellar tissue and fixed with 2 sutures. The graft is fixed in 20° of knee flexion with a bioabsorbable interference screw.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lysholm score at 6m was 81.9 ± 11.7 and at 12 m 88.1 ± 10.9, Kujala score at 12 m was 89.2 ± 7.1 and Tegner Score was 4.9 ± 2.0 (6m) and 5.0 ± 1.9 (12 m). Two patients had a positive apprehension test at 12 months. There was no re-dislocation during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPFL reconstruction with a strip of QT harvested in a minimal invasive technique was found to be associated with good short term clinical results. We think that this technique presents a valuable alternative to common hamstring techniques for primary MPFL reconstruction in children and adults, as well as for MPFL revision surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV, prospective case series.
authors.affiliation: Sportsclinic Austria, Innsbruck Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Matjaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veselko
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Westfaelian-Wilhelms University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herbort
authors.affiliation: Sportsclinic Austria, Innsbruck Austria. Electronic address: christian.hoser@sportsclinicaustria.com.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D031222:Patellar Dislocation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D057071:Patellofemoral Joint; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MPFL reconstruction; Minimal invasive MPFL reconstruction; Quadriceps tendon