title: Effect of vitamin D3 on behavioural and biochemical parameters in diabetes type 1-induced rats.
abstract: Diabetes is associated with long-term complications in the brain and reduced cognitive ability. Vitamin D3 (VD3 ) appears to be involved in the amelioration of hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Our aim was to analyse the potential of VD3 in avoiding brain damage through evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+) K(+) -adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and delta aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels from cerebral cortex, as well as memory in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into eight groups (n = 5): control/saline, control/metformin (Metf), control/VD3 , control/Metf + VD3 , diabetic/saline, diabetic/Metf, diabetic/VD3 and diabetic/Metf + VD3 . Thirty days after treatment, animals were submitted to contextual fear-conditioning and open-field behavioural tests, after which they were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was dissected. Our results demonstrate a significant memory deficit, an increase in AChE activity and TBARS levels and a decrease in δ-ALA-D and Na(+) K(+) -ATPase activities in diabetic rats when compared with the controls. Treatment of diabetic rats with Metf and VD3 prevented the increase in AChE activity when compared with the diabetic/saline group. In treated diabetic rats, the decrease in Na(+) K(+) -ATPase was reverted when compared with non-treated rats, but the increase in δ-ALA-D activity was not. VD3 prevented diabetes-induced TBARS level and improved memory. Our results show that VD3 can avoid cognitive deficit through prevention of changes in important enzymes such as Na(+) K(+) -ATPase and AChE in cerebral cortex in type 1 diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicéia Spanholi
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Calgaroto
authors.forename: Gustavo Roberto
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Thomé
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Jucimara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldissareli
authors.forename: Fátima Abdala
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmatz
authors.forename: Maribel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Signor
authors.forename: Daniela Aymone
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Fabiano Barbosa
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Lizielle Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Luciane Belmonte
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Vera Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
authors.forename: Maria Rosa Chitolina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013311:Streptozocin; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D013311:Streptozocin; D008687:Metformin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
keywords: VD3; cholecalciferol; cholinesterase; diabetes; memory