title: Recovery of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis from inoculated broiler hatching eggs using shell rinse and shell crush sampling methods.
abstract: This study compared the recovery of Salmonella from hatching eggs using 3 sampling methods (eggshell rinsing, eggshell crush following a previous rinse, and eggshell crush without previous rinse). Eggshells were drop-inoculated with approximately 10(1), 10(2), or 10(3) cfu/eggshell of Salmonella Enteritidis and allowed to dry at room temperature for 1 or 24 h. For the shell rinse groups, each inoculated egg was rinsed with buffered peptone water. These rinsed eggs were used for the shell crush with previous rinse groups, and each egg was aseptically cracked, the contents discarded, and the eggshell and membranes crushed with buffered peptone water. This same crush procedure was used for the shell crush without previous shell rinse eggs. The recovery of Salmonella 1 h after inoculation for shell rinse sampled eggs was 16% positive at 10(1), 49% at 10(2), and 93% at 10(3) cfu/eggshell challenge. For the shell crush with previous shell rinse, sampled egg recovery was 0% positive at 10(1), 3% at 10(2), and 17% at 10(3) cfu/eggshell. For the shell crush, sampled eggs had recovery of 23% positive at 10(1), 69% at 10(2), and 96% at 10(3) cfu/eggshell challenge. The recovery of Salmonella 24 h after inoculation for the shell rinse eggs was 3% positive at 10(1), 12% at 10(2), and 22% at 10(3) cfu/eggshell challenge; recovery for shell crush with previous shell rinse sampling was 2% positive at 10(1), 8% at 10(2), and 5% at 10(3) cfu/eggshell challenge; and for the shell crush sampling recovery was 2% at 10(1), 32% at 10(2), and 42% at 10(3) cfu/eggshell challenge. Eggshell crush was a more sensitive (∼10 percentage points) sampling method than eggshell rinse at both 1 and 24 h, but both methods were equally optimal when the inoculum was at 10(3) and samples were collected after 1 h. Waiting 24 h after inoculation to sample significantly lowered the recovery for both the shell rinse and shell crush sampling methods by ∼40 percentage points.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Claflin University, Orangeburg, SC 29115 Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605 Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Spickler
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bourassa
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605 jeff.buhr@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Salmonella inoculation; broiler hatching egg; eggshell Salmonella; shell crush; shell rinse