title: Serum biomarkers for traumatic brain injury.
abstract: There is a lack of reliable serum biomarkers for routine use in the diagnostic workup of people with traumatic brain injury. Multiple biomediators and biomarkers have been described in the pertinent literature in recent years; however, only a few candidate molecules have been associated with high sensitivity and high specificity for risk stratification and outcome prediction after traumatic brain injury. This review was designed to provide an overview of the state of the art regarding established serum biomarkers in the field and to outline future directions of investigation.
authors.affiliation: From Denver Health Medical Center, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: Miriam D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Neher
authors.affiliation: From Denver Health Medical Center, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: Chesleigh N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.affiliation: From Denver Health Medical Center, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: Megan C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: From Denver Health Medical Center, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: Hunter B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: From Denver Health Medical Center, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery, and Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.
authors.forename: Philip F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Stahel
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000097:blood; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C482860:UCHL1 protein, human; D016875:tau Proteins; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase