title: Expression of amygdala mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the single-prolonged stress rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxious disorder associated with low levels of corticosterone and enhanced negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous studies showed that the amygdala not only has an excitatory effect on the HPA axis but also plays a key role in fear-related behaviors. Coticosterone exert actions through binding to the mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which are abundant in the amygdala. In our previous study, down-regulation of MR and GR in the hippocampus of PTSD rats was found. But the roles of MR and GR in the amygdala of PTSD rats is incompletely understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  wistar rats were divided into 1 d, 7 d, 14 d groups after single prolonged stress (SPS) and control group. SPS is a reliable animal model of PTSD. Open field test (OF) and elevated plus maze tests (EPM) were performed to examine fear-related behaviors. Morphological changes of the ultrastructure of the amygdala neurons were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dual-immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to determined subcellular distribution and colocalization of MR- and GR-ir. Protein and mRNA of MR and GR was examined by western blotting and RT-PCR. OF and EPM showed enhanced fear in SPS rats. Abnormal neuronal morphology was discovered in the amygdala of SPS rats. The expression of MR- and GR-ir intensity, mRNA and protein within the amygdala decreased after SPS at 1 day, and then gradually recovered by 14 days, although the degree of decrease and recovery were different amongst techniques. We found no change in the MR/GR ratio at 3 levels of the amygdala. But more cytoplasmic distribution and decreased colocalization of MR- and GR-ir were observed in the amygdala after 7 days of SPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that change of MR and GR in the amygdala are involved in the mechanisms of fear in PTSD.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jinlan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: PTSD lab, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. shiyuxiu@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005239:Fear; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid