title: Vomiting and dysphagia predict delayed gastric emptying in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroparesis is a heterogeneous disorder most often idiopathic, diabetic, or postsurgical in nature. The demographic and clinical predictors of gastroparesis in Israeli patients are poorly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the study period we identified all adult patients who were referred to gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) for the evaluation of dyspeptic symptoms. Of those, 193 patients who were referred to GES from our institution were retrospectively identified (76 (39%) males, mean age 60.2 ± 15.6 years). Subjects were grouped according to gastric half-emptying times (gastric T 1/2). Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records or by a phone interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying half-times were normal (gastric T 1/2 0-99 min) in 101 patients, abnormal (gastric T 1/2 100-299 min) in 67 patients, and grossly abnormal (gastric T 1/2 ≥ 300 min) in 25 patients. Vomiting and dysphagia, but neither early satiety nor bloating, correlated with delayed gastric emptying. Diabetes was associated with grossly abnormal gastric T 1/2. Idiopathic gastroparesis was associated with a younger age at GES. No correlation was observed between gastric T 1/2 values and gender, smoking, H. pylori infection, HBA1C, or microvascular complication of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS INFERENCES: Vomiting and dysphagia are predictive of delayed gastric emptying in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes is associated with more severe gastroparesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinski Street 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Doron
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3357-613X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boltin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinski Street 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zvidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Israel.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Israel.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bernstine
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groshar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Israel.
authors.forename: Yuval
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0940-0997
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3920-7549
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinski Street 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niv
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 39 Jabotinski Street 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6477-2849
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000150:complications*