title: Membrane protein synthesis in cell-free systems: from bio-mimetic systems to bio-membranes.
abstract: When taking up the gauntlet of studying membrane protein functionality, scientists are provided with a plethora of advantages, which can be exploited for the synthesis of these difficult-to-express proteins by utilizing cell-free protein synthesis systems. Due to their hydrophobicity, membrane proteins have exceptional demands regarding their environment to ensure correct functionality. Thus, the challenge is to find the appropriate hydrophobic support that facilitates proper membrane protein folding. So far, various modes of membrane protein synthesis have been presented. Here, we summarize current state-of-the-art methodologies of membrane protein synthesis in biomimetic-supported systems. The correct folding and functionality of membrane proteins depend in many cases on their integration into a lipid bilayer and subsequent posttranslational modification. We highlight cell-free systems utilizing the advantages of biological membranes.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sachse
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Srujan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dondapati
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Fenz
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, PO Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: Stefan.Kubick@izi-bb.fraunhofer.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial
keywords: Biological membranes; Biomimetics; Cell-free systems; Membrane proteins; Microsomes