title: Relevance of intraglandular injections of Botulinum toxin for the treatment of sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After the age of 4 years, drooling becomes pathological and impacts the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. Intraglandular injection of Botulinum toxin is one of the treatments available to limit this phenomenon.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this review were to validate the efficacy of Botulinum toxin injections for drooling in children with cerebral palsy, determine recommendations and identify potential side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a literature review from 2001 in the following databases: Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane using the keywords: sialorrhea, drooling, hypersalivation, Botulinum toxin, cerebral palsy and children. Only the articles evaluating the efficacy of Botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy over the age of 4 were researched.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies were found: 2 case studies, 3 open and non-controlled studies and 3 randomized controlled trials. Efficacy results in this indication are quite encouraging and the use of BTX injections is safe but the overall level of evidence of these studies was quite low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  However, intraglandular injection of Botulinum toxin has a place among the therapeutic array available for the management of sialorrhea in this population even if no standardized protocol is available yet.
authors.affiliation: PM&R Department, CHU Nimes, France; PM&R Department, Institut Saint-Pierre Palavas-les-flots, France. Electronic address: melanie.porte@chu-nimes.fr.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porte
authors.affiliation: PM&R Department, CMCR Des Massues Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chaléat-Valayer
authors.affiliation: PM&R Department, Institut Saint-Pierre Palavas-les-flots, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patte
authors.affiliation: Coordination Unit Pediatric PM&R, CHU Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Charlotte
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: D'Anjou
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Unit, CH La Timone Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boulay
authors.affiliation: PM&R Department, CHU Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laffont
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Botulinum toxin; Cerebral palsy; Children; Efficacy; Procedure; Sialorrhea