title: Acute mastoiditis in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.
abstract: Following the introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, we observed an inverse relationship between the increasing rate of immunized children and the proportion of middle ear fluid cultures collected during acute mastoiditis episodes that tested positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae among a subset of children 0 to 6 years old who had initially presented with severe acute otitis media and had bacterial cultures collected during tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Sharon Ovnat
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Tamir
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Yehudah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Allergy/Immunology Unit, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel maromtal@orange.net.il.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marom
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate