title: The expression of platelet-activating factor receptor modulates the cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells: a novel target for combination therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of the gynaecological cancers. Although cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective treatment for ovarian cancer, recurrence is frequent and leads to death. The objective was to explore the role and possible mechanisms of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) signalling in CDDP-treated ovarian cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The upregulation of PAFR in CDDP-treated ovarian cancer cells was observed using realtime PCR and Western blot. The potential role of PAFR in modulating the CDDP sensitivity was assessed using a pharmacological inhibitor and siRNA knockdown. The PAFR-activated signalling pathways involved in cell responses to CDDP were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cisplatin induced increased PAFR expression in two ovarian cancer cell lines. The upregulation of PAFR by CDDP correlated with the time-dependent accumulation of NF-κB and HIF-1α in the nucleus. The inhibition of PAFR sensitised the ovarian cancer cells to CDDP. The PI3K and ERK pathways lie downstream of activated PAFR in CDDP-treated cells and their inhibition enhanced CDDP sensitivity. Finally, co-treatment with a PAFR antagonist (Ginkgolide B) and CDDP markedly reduced tumour growth in an in vivo model of ovarian cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these findings suggest that PAFR is a novel and promising therapeutic target for sensitising ovarian cancer cells to CDDP.
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: 1] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital 411 of CPLA, Shanghai 200081, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: 1] Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai 200011, China [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China [3] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, No. 413, Zhao-Jiabang Road, Shanghai 200011, China [4] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, No.138, Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001381:Azepines; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; C498143:RELA protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014230:Triazoles; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; C052518:WEB 2086; D002945:Cisplatin