title: Delayed remote ischemic postconditioning protects against transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion as well as kainate-induced injury in rats.
abstract: To test the appropriateness of using delayed remote ischemic postconditioning against damage caused to the hippocampus by ischemia or apoptosis inducing intoxication, we chose 10-min normothermic ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion or kainate injection (8 mg/kg i.p.) in rats. Ischemia alone caused the number of degenerated CA1 neurons after 7 days lasting reperfusion to be significantly (p<0.001) increased by 72.77%. Delayed remote ischemic postconditioning lasting 20 min was able to prevent massive increase in the neurodegeneration. The group with 10 min of ischemia and postconditioning after 2 days of reperfusion had only 15.87% increase in the number of apoptotic neurons. Seven days after kainic acid injection the number of surviving neurons was 42.8% (p<0.001), but the portion of surviving pyramidal cells in the postconditioning group is more than 98%. Our data show that remote postconditioning, performed with 20 min of tourniquet ischemia applied to the hind limb, is a simple method able to effectively stop the onset of neurodegeneration and prevent occurrence of massive muscle cell necrosis, even when used 2 days after the end of the adverse event. Surviving neurons retained a substantial part of their learning and memory ability.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Rastislav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Viera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danielisova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemethova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Milina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matiasova
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Kosice, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Radoslav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morochovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: burda@saske.sk.
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000628:therapy*; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D007608:Kainic Acid; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D007608:Kainic Acid
keywords: Delayed remote ischemic postconditioning; Hippocampus; Ischemia; Rat; Reperfusion