title: Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2007-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The true prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. The objective of this study was 1) to provide the most current GDM prevalence reported on the birth certificate and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) questionnaire and 2) to compare GDM prevalence from PRAMS across 2007-2008 and 2009-2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 2010 GDM prevalence reported on birth certificate or PRAMS questionnaire and concordance between the sources. We included 16 states that adopted the 2003 revised birth certificate. We also examined trends from 2007 through 2010 and included 21 states that participated in PRAMS for all 4 years. We combined GDM prevalence across 2-year intervals and conducted t tests to examine differences. Data were weighted to represent all women delivering live births in each state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GDM prevalence in 2010 was 4.6% as reported on the birth certificate, 8.7% as reported on the PRAMS questionnaire, and 9.2% as reported on either the birth certificate or questionnaire. The agreement between sources was 94.1% (percent positive agreement = 3.7%, percent negative agreement = 90.4%). There was no significant difference in GDM prevalence between 2007-2008 (8.1%) and 2009-2010 (8.5%, P = .15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that GDM prevalence is as high as 9.2% and is more likely to be reported on the PRAMS questionnaire than the birth certificate. We found no statistical difference in GDM prevalence between the 2 phases. Further studies are needed to understand discrepancies in reporting GDM by data source.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 601 Sunland Park Dr, Suite 200, El Paso, TX 79912. E-mail: cdesisto@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Carla L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: DeSisto
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Shin Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001719:Birth Certificates; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017533:Marital Status; D008423:Maternal Age; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D057566:Self Report; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult