title: Relationships between adipokines, biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation and risk of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identification of novel biomarkers of diabetes risk help to understand mechanisms of pathogenesis and improve risk prediction. Our objectives were to examine the relationships between adipokines, biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function and development of type 2 diabetes; and to assess the relevance of including these biomarkers in type 2 diabetes prediction risk models.
  
  
  METHODS
  1345 subjects from the SU.VI.MAX study, who were free of diabetes at baseline and who completed 13 years of follow-up were included in the present analyses. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of incident type 2 diabetes associated with a 1-SD increase in adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intracellular adhesion modecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were estimated. Predicitive performances of models including biomarkers were assessed with area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  82 subjects developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increased with increasing concentrations of leptin (2.04 (1.28;3.26)), sICAM-1 (1.39 (1.08;1.78)) and sVCAM-1 (1.29 (1.01;1.64)). Type 2 diabetes associations with leptin remained significant after adjusting for a combination of biomarkers. Models adjusted for novel biomarkers had improved performance compared to models adjusted for classical risk factors as assessed by IDI, but not by AUC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adipokines, biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function were significantly associated to onset of type 2 diabetes. However their inclusion in predictive scores is not supported by the present study.
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France; Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP); Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France. Electronic address: c.julia@uren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Julia
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France; Université Versailles St-Quentin, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Nutrition, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czernichow
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jean-Verdier Hospital (AP-HP), Bondy, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charnaux
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS) U1153 Inserm; U1125, Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, Université Paris 7, Uniersité Paris 5, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fezeu
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019040:E-Selectin; D020738:Leptin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Adipokines; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; E-selectin; Inflammation; Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1