title: Association between harmful alcohol use and periodontal status according to gender and smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the aim of this study is to assess the association of harmful alcohol use based on the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) score with periodontal status according to gender and smoking in a representative sample of Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed 5,291 participants older than 19 years whose data of harmful alcohol use and periodontal status were available. Harmful alcohol use was defined by the WHO guidelines for the administration of AUDIT. The periodontal status was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustment for socio-demographic variables, oral and general health behavior, oral health status and systemic conditions. All analyses considered a complex sampling design, and multivariate analysis was also performed in the subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a marginal association between harmful alcohol use and higher CPI in the total sample. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of harmful alcohol use was 1.16 (0.97 to 1.38) for higher CPI. Higher CPI was significantly associated with harmful alcohol use in men (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03-1.60) and non-smokers (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06-1.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal status is significantly associated with harmful alcohol use in men and non-smokers in a representative sample of Korean adults.
authors.forename: Hyang-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Hee-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hae-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyun-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28, Yeongeuon-dong, Jongno-gu, 110-749 Seoul, Republic of Korea. baekh@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hak
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004245:DMF Index; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D009909:Oral Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult