title: Solitary cystic cerebellar metastasis in a patient with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC) represents nearly 90% of genitourinary malignancies and typically presents with locally invasive symptoms. Metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) is uncommon occurring in <5% of patients. When present, metastatic lesions are typically solid, isolated and located in the cerebrum. We report a case of a patient with a history of TCC who presented with lethargy and ataxia and was found to have a solitary cystic cerebellar lesion consistent with metastatic disease. Unfortunately, the prognosis for patients with TCC and CNS metastases is poor. Treatment options include debulking surgery, whole brain radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, treatment may not appreciably extend survival and care is often supportive in previously reported cases. Though uncommon, TCC can metastasise to the CNS and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients, particularly those who were treated with aggressive surgery or combination chemotherapy previously.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Brianna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaa
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Katharine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Department of General Internal Medicine/Palliative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Keith Mark
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Swetz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000209:etiology; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D053609:Lethargy / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms