title: Evaluation of a photographic method to measure dental angulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the reliability and reproducibility of a simplified method for analysis of dental angulation using digital photos of plaster dental casts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital and standardized photographs of plaster casts were performed and posteriorly imported to an angle reading graphic program in order to have measurements obtained. Such procedures were repeated to evaluate the random error and to analyze reproducibility through intraclass correlation. The sample consisted of 12 individuals (6 male and 6 female) with full permanent dentition and not orthodontically treated. The analyses were bilaterally carried out, and generated 24 measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The random error showed variation of 0.77 to 2.55 degrees for teeth angulation. The statistical analysis revealed that the method presents excellent reproducibility (p < 0.0001) for all teeth, except for the upper premolars. In spite of that, it is still considered statistically significant (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method presents enough reliability that justifies its use in the development of scientific research as well as in clinical practice.
authors.forename: Jordana Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: Diogo Vasconcelos
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Normando
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009811:Odontometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Dental crown; Dental photography; Evaluation