title: Microparticle, nanoparticle, and stem cell-based oxygen carriers as advanced blood substitutes.
abstract: Here, we discuss recent advances in the development of artificial red blood cell (RBC) substitutes, illustrating lessons learned from initial attempts using perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions and acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). We also highlight novel oxygen-containing microparticles, nanoparticles, and stem cell-derived RBC products, with emphasis on improvements in biocompatibility and oxygen delivery. In addition, we envision future developments for the rational design of advanced blood substitutes that aim to address unmet clinical needs.
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: ppg@mit.edu.
authors.forename: P Peter
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ghoroghchian
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010100:Oxygen