title: Pediatric transplantation and tolerance: past, present, and future.
abstract: Solid organ transplantation is the treatment of choice in children with end-stage organ failure. With improving methods of transplant surgery and post-transplant care, transplantation is more frequently performed worldwide. However, lifelong and non-specific suppression of the recipient's immune system is a cause of significant morbidity in children, including infection, diabetes, and cancer. There is a great need to develop IS minimization/withdrawal and tolerance induction approaches.
authors.affiliation: Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Seyed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamran Hejazi Kenari
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzakhani
authors.forename: Reza F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Saidi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D010372:Pediatrics; D013256:Steroids / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids
keywords: tolerance; transplantation