title: Enhancement of mitochondrial ATP production by the Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1.
abstract: Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly change shape and structure in response to different stimuli and metabolic demands of the cell. The Escherichia coli protein toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) has recently been reported to influence mitochondrial activity in a mouse model of Rett syndrome and to increase ATP content in the brain tissue of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. In the present work, the ability of CNF1 to influence mitochondrial activity was investigated in IEC-6 normal intestinal crypt cells. In these cells, the toxin was able to induce an increase in cellular ATP content, probably due to an increment of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In addition, the CNF1-induced Rho GTPase activity also caused changes in the mitochondrial architecture that mainly consisted in the formation of a complex network of elongated mitochondria. The involvement of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway was postulated. Our results demonstrate that CNF1 positively affects mitochondria by bursting their energetic function and modifying their morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Travaglione
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loizzo
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rizza
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Brocco
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ballan
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guidotti
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vona
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Nottia
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torraco
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrozzo
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabbri
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053142:Mitochondrial Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C060296:cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: ATP; CNF1; Drp1; PKA; mitochondria