title: Association of adenovirus 36 infection with adiposity and inflammatory-related markers in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although animal studies suggest that adenovirus 36 (Ad36) infection is linked to obesity and systemic inflammation, human data are scant and equivocal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Associations of Ad36 infection with total body adiposity and inflammatory-related markers were determined in 291 children aged 9-13 years (50% female, 49% black).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting blood samples were measured for presence of Ad36-specific antibodies and TNF-α, IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Fat mass and fat-free soft tissue mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of Ad36 seropositivity [Ad36(+)] was 42%. There was a higher percentage of Ad36(+) children in the highest tertiles of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with their respective middle and lowest tertiles (both P < .03). There was also a trend toward a higher prevalence of Ad36(+) children in the highest tertile of VEGF compared with tertiles 1 and 2 (P = .05). Multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for age, race, sex, and fat-free soft tissue mass, revealed that compared with children with the lowest TNF-α, IL-6, and VEGF levels (tertile 1), the adjusted odds ratios for Ad36(+) were 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.0], 2.4 (95% CI 1.4-4.0), and 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.3), respectively, for those in the highest TNF-α, IL-6, and VEGF levels (tertile 3). No association was observed between Ad36(+) and greater levels of fat mass or MCP-1 (all P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children, our data suggest that Ad36(+) may be associated with biomarkers implicated in inflammation but not with greater levels of fat mass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition (P.K.B., E.M.L., D.B.H., R.D.L.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602; Department of Pediatrics (N.K.P.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Physical Therapy (S.J.W.), Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, and Department of Medicine (K.M.H.G., M.P.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Departments of Nutrition Science (K.M.H.G., L.D.M., C.M.W.) and Statistics (G.P.M.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and Department of Infectious Diseases (R.A.T.), The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hill Gallant
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hausman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D050154:Adiposity / Q000276:immunology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A