title: The association between labour variables and primiparous women's experience of childbirth; a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have suggested several risk factors for a negative birth experience among primiparas. Factors that are mentioned frequently include labour dystocia, operative intervention such as acute caesarean section or vacuum extraction, or the infant being transferred to neonatal care. Another important factor mentioned is lack of support from the midwife.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was made of the deliveries of 446 healthy primiparas in a prospective cohort study performed at Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Samples of amniotic fluid were collected at delivery and the levels of amniotic fluid lactate (AFL) were measured to give an indication of the metabolism of the uterine tissue. Obstetrical data were collected from birth records.Postpartum, all the women included in the study were asked to complete the Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ B) that measures the experience of a woman's delivery. The main objective of the project was to study well-known as well as new factors associated with negative experience of childbirth among a group of healthy primiparas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for reporting a higher level of negative childbirth experience were shown to be a high level of AFL (AOR 3.1, 95%, CI; 1.1-8.9), a longer latent phase (AOR 1.8, 95%, CI; 1.03-3.1), and a low Apgar score (<7 at 1 min) (AOR 13.3, 95%, CI; 1.6-111.0). Those women who had a negative birth experience wanted the midwife to be present more of the time during labour (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high AFL level, as a marker of uterine metabolic status, and a longer latent phase are strongly associated with a negative experience of childbirth. A low 1 minute Apgar score of the newborn seems to have the strongest negative influence on the woman's experience of childbirth, even when the infant recovers immediately.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulfsdottir
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Elsa-Lena
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ryding
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lund-Egloff
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical science and education, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institute, Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. eva@itzel.eu.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wiberg-Itzel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001034:Apgar Score; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D004420:Dystocia / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008880:Midwifery; D010298:Parity; D036801:Parturition; D011247:Pregnancy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid