title: Developing a readiness assessment tool for weaning patients under mechanical ventilation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical ventilation is one of the major supportive interventions in intensive care units. Weaning the patients from mechanical ventilation and its related criteria are of great importance due to the related complications. As there is no comprehensive standard to allocate the time of weaning and due to lack of local research in this field, development of a comprehensive tool to measure patients' readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilation is essential. Therefore, the present study was conducted with an aim to develop a readiness assessment tool for weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a qualitative study with Delphi multi-triangulation design. In the first stage, the related items were extracted from the textbook and through searching the databases. In the second stage, after primary development of the items and based on supervisors' indications, a questionnaire was made and used for assessment through Delphi methods. Twenty individuals, meeting the inclusion criteria, were selected through purposive sampling and their viewpoints concerning acceptability of the items were collected. In the third stage, the items with appropriateness over 70% were selected, and in the fourth stage, the final questionnaire was developed after a session with a panel of experts and supervisors. In the present study, in the first stage, the needed items were collected from various articles and books to provide items extraction. In stages two to four, manual calculation and investigation made by a panel of experts and the research team were adopted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first stage, 100 articles and 51 related books were selected. In the second stage, 87 items were extracted from the articles and books and were sent as semi-open questions of assessment. In the third stage, 28 items with consensus >70% were extracted, and in the fourth stage, 26 items were selected by a panel of experts and the finalized questionnaire with the title "Persian Weaning Tool" (PWT) was developed in three domains: Respiration with 9 items, cardiovascular with 4 items, and other related factors with 13 items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A three-domain questionnaire is the product of experts' consensus in the present study, which can be used to reduce the length of connection to mechanical ventilation and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irajpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khodaee
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yazdannik
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi
keywords: Iran; Persian Weaning Tool (PWT); mechanical ventilation; nurse; patient; readiness; weaning