title: Patients benefit from genetics-guided coumarin anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: Observational studies have overwhelmingly shown that variants in the genes CYP2C9 and VKORC1 are significant determinants of individual dose of coumarin anticoagulants needed to maintain a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR).(1) Until recently, however, few randomized clinical trials had been performed relating to the use of genetic data to predict dosing. Three sucsh clinical trials have now reported their findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maitland-van der Zee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Manolopoulous
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Manolopoulos
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wadelius
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirmohamed
mesh_terms: D000074:Acenocoumarol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000465:Algorithms; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D010644:Phenprocoumon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases / Q000235:genetics*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; D000074:Acenocoumarol; D010644:Phenprocoumon