title: Postoperative nosocomial infections among children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pathogen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors of postoperative nosocomial infections among children with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundreds children with congenital heart disease admitted to our hospital to receive surgeries from February 2010 to February 2013 were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 children were tested as positive by sputum culture, with the infection rate of 40.0%. The top five most common pathogenic microorganisms included Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. S. epidermidis, S. aureus and Enterococcus were highly resistant to penicillin, azithromycin and erythromycin, moderately susceptible to levofloxacin and cefazolin, and completely susceptible to vancomycin. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hospitalization stay length, combined use of antibiotics, systemic use of hormones, mechanical ventilation and catheter indwelling were the independent risk factors of postoperative nosocomial infections (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nosocomial infection, which was the most frequent postoperative complication of pediatric congenital heart disease, was predominantly induced by Gram-positive bacteria that were highly susceptible to cephalosporins and vancomycin. Particular attention should be paid to decrease relevant risk factors to improve the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Jian Zhang, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yan Yuan, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Peiling Li, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Peiling
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tuanjie Wang, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tuanjie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jun Gao, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Jinhua Yao, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shujun Li, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui 453100, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Congenital heart disease; Nosocomial infection; Risk factor