title: Event-related potentials for post-error and post-conflict slowing.
abstract: In a reaction time task, people typically slow down following an error or conflict, each called post-error slowing (PES) and post-conflict slowing (PCS). Despite many studies of the cognitive mechanisms, the neural responses of PES and PCS continue to be debated. In this study, we combined high-density array EEG and a stop-signal task to examine event-related potentials of PES and PCS in sixteen young adult participants. The results showed that the amplitude of N2 is greater during PES but not PCS. In contrast, the peak latency of N2 is longer for PCS but not PES. Furthermore, error-positivity (Pe) but not error-related negativity (ERN) was greater in the stop error trials preceding PES than non-PES trials, suggesting that PES is related to participants' awareness of the error. Together, these findings extend earlier work of cognitive control by specifying the neural correlates of PES and PCS in the stop signal task.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurobiology and Cognitive Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Hung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chiang-Shan R
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult