title: Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accesses to safe water is a universal need however, many of the world's population lack access to adequate and safe water. Consumption of water contaminated causes health risk to the public and the situation is serous in rural areas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Water samples were collected from tap, open springs, open dug wells and protected springs for bacteriological analysis of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms. The turbidity, pH and temperature were measured immediately after collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most drinking water sources were found to have coliform counts above the recommended national and international guidelines and had high sanitary risk scores. There was a statistically significant difference among water sources with respect to TC and TTC (p < 0.05) and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between coliform counts and sanitary risk scores (p < 0.01). Most water sources didn't satisfy the turbidity values recommended by WHO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The water sources were heavily contaminated which suggested poor protection and sanitation practice in the water sources. Source protection strategies as well as monitoring are recommend for this community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Science College, P. O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsega
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahile
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Science College, P. O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kibret
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abera
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005002:Ethiopia; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Coliforms; physico-chemical; rural community; water quality