title: Surface modification of porous polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone regeneration in rat calvaria defect.
abstract: In this study, polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated by a salt-leaching process were loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate successfully to improve the osteoconductivity in bone regeneration. The surface of polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds was aminolyzed by 1,6-hexamethylenediamine to introduce amino groups onto the surface, which was verified qualitatively by ninhyrin staining. Collagen was further immobilized on the aminolyzed porous polycaprolactone via N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide hydrochloride/hydroxy-2,5-dioxopyrolidine-3-sulfonic acid sodium cross-linking. The pore size of polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate-collagen scaffolds was 200-300 µm, which was suitable for bone in-growth. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the coupling of collagen immobilized on the surface of polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate. In vitro results demonstrated that the spreading and viability of MC3T3-E1 cells were remarkably improved in the polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate-collagen scaffolds. The in vivo study was carried out by implanting the porous polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate, and polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate-collagen to the skulls of rats. Although the addition of biphasic calcium phosphate particles in the polycaprolactone scaffolds does not have a strong effect on the new bone formation, the immobilization of collagen on the polycaprolactone/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds significantly improved the bone regeneration even though the implantation time was short, 6 weeks. The present results provide more evidence that functionalizing polycaprolactone with biphasic calcium phosphate and collagen may be a feasible way to improve the osteoconduction in bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nguyen T B
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Linh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea lbt@sch.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byong-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002470:Cell Survival; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D011091:Polyesters; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate; C016240:polycaprolactone; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Porous PCL/BCP; aminolysis; bone regeneration; collagen immobilization; surface modification