title: Adipose-derived adult stem cells: available technologies for potential clinical regenerative applications in dentistry.
abstract: Tissue homeostasis depends closely on the activity and welfare of adult stem cells. These cells represent a promising tool for biomedical research since they can aid in treatment and promote the regeneration of damaged organs in many human disorders. Adult stem cells indefinitely preserve their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various phenotypes; this capacity could be promoted in vitro by particular culture conditions (differentiation media) or spontaneously induced in vivo by exploiting the biochemical and mechanical properties of the tissue in which the stem cells are implanted. Among the different sources of adult stem cells, adipose tissue is an attractive possibility thanks to its ready availability and the standard extraction techniques at our disposal today. This review discusses the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells, as well as regeneration strategies, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of their delivery. In particular, since oral disorders (e.g., trauma, erosion, and chronic periodontitis) often cause the loss of dental tissue along with functional, phonetic, and aesthetic impairment, this review focuses on the application of human adipose-derived adult stem cells, alone or in combination with biomaterials, in treating oral diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO); Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO); Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cochis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO); Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varoni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials, Department of Health Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", (NO), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), (FI), Italy.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rimondini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20122 Milan (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrassi
authors.affiliation: Universita degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Azzimonti
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D053687:Adult Stem Cells; D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D060846:Cell Engineering; D003813:Dentistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D044968:Regenerative Medicine