title: Long-term clinical outcomes after deployment of femoral vascular closure devices in coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational single-centre registry follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few data evaluating the long-term effect of femoral vascular closure devices (FCDs) on patients' clinical outcome. We aim to evaluate the incidence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in patients who received FCD following its deployment in coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of a single-centre registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2000 to September 2004, 265 patients who received FCD after coronary angiography and PCIs were enrolled on the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical follow-up (using Rutherford's categories of claudication), ankle brachial index (ABI) and duplex ultrasound of femoral arteries (using the non-accessed side as control) were performed to evaluate the presence of PVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up interval was 3320±628 days. 1 patient (0.4%) suffered from grade 2 claudication and another (0.4%) suffered from grade 1 claudication. The mean ABIs of the accessed side and non-accessed side were 1.06±0.13 and 1.08±0.11, respectively (p=0.17). For duplex ultrasound, the mean common femoral artery peak systolic velocities of the accessed side and non-accessed side were 87.4±22.3 and 87.7±22.1 cm/s, respectively (p=0.73); the mean superficial femoral artery peak systolic velocities of the accessed side and non-accessed side were 81.4±20.1 and 81.31±17.8 cm/s, respectively (p=0.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of FCD after a coronary angiogram and PCI is safe and does not increase the long-term risk of PVD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Stephen Wai-Luen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chor-Cheung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ka-Lam
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Shun-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: See-Yue
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yiu-Tung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Suk-Yee
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Cheung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ki-Wan
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Hon-Wah
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012042:Registries; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D065506:Vascular Closure Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*