title: Spatial and temporal distribution of chiral pesticides in Calanus spp. from three Arctic fjords.
abstract: Concentration and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral chlorinated pesticides (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), trans-, cis- and oxychlordane) were determined in Arctic zooplankton, mainly Calanus spp. collected in the period 2007-11 from Svalbard fjords and open pack-ice. The temporal and spatial enantiomer distribution varied considerably for all species and chiral pesticides investigated. An overall enantiomeric excess of (+)-oxychlordane (EF 0.53-0.86) were observed. Cis-chlordane was close to racemic (EF 0.46-0.55), while EF for trans-chlordane varied between 0.29 and 0.55, and between 0.38 and 0.59 for α-HCH. The biodegradation potential for trans-chlordane was higher compared to cis-chlordane. The comprehensive statistical evaluation of the data set revealed that the EF distribution of α-HCH was affected by ice cover to a higher extent compared to cis-chlordane. Potential impact from benthic processes on EFs in zooplankton is an interesting feature and should be further investigated. Enantiomeric selective analyses may be a suitable tool for investigations of climate change related influences on Arctic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; University of Tromsø, Hansine Hansens veg 14, NO-9007 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.affiliation: University of Tromsø, Hansine Hansens veg 14, NO-9007 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingeborg G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Hallanger
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herzke
authors.affiliation: University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, Christian M. Falsens veg 1, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: roland.kallenborn@nmbu.no.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kallenborn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D002706:Chlordan / Q000032:analysis; D033342:Copepoda / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D063366:Estuaries; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013538:Svalbard; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002706:Chlordan
keywords: Arctic; Calanus; Chirality; Chlordanes; Climate change; Svalbard; α-HCH