title: The influence of selected antihypertensive drugs on zinc, copper, and iron status in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Mineral homeostasis in hypertensive patients may be affected by hypotensive drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of selected antihypertensive drugs on mineral homeostasis in a rat model of hypertension. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with perindopril, metoprolol, indapamide, amlodipine, or no drug for 45 days. In another experiment, the SHRs were treated with indapamide or amlodipine in the presence of zinc and copper gluconate supplement. Lipids, glucose, and insulin levels along with superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were assayed in serum. Iron, zinc, and copper concentrations in serum, erythrocytes, and tissues were determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Blood pressure was measured using a tail-cuff plethysmograph. Treatment with indapamide and amlodipine was found to significantly lower zinc levels in serum, erythrocytes, livers, and spleens of the SHRs, as well as copper levels in the kidneys, compared with the control no-drug group. A markedly higher concentration of glucose was found in the indapamide-treated rats. Supplementing the indapamide-treated SHRs with zinc and copper gluconate resulted in a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and also lowered serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) values. The results show that indapamide and amlodipine disturb zinc and copper homeostasis in SHRs. Supplementation with zinc and copper restores mineral homeostasis in SHRs treated with indapamide and amlodipine, and also corrects metabolic imbalances while improving the antihypertensive efficiency of indapamide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: jsulibur@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suliburska
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Disorders and Hypertension, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bogdanski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, Poland; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Hieronim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jakubowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Amlodipine (PubChem CID: 2162); Copper; Copper gluconate (PubChem CID: 10692); Hypotensive drugs; Indapamide (PubChem CID: 3702); Iron; Metoprolol (PubChem CID: 4171); Perindopril (PubChem CID: 107807); Spontaneously hypertensive rats; Zinc; Zinc gluconate (PubChem CID: 158040)