title: Latent profiles of parental self-efficacy and children's multisource-evaluated social competence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interrelation between mothers' parental self-efficacy (PSE) and their school-aged children's well-being has been repeatedly proved. The lack of research in this area situates mainly on the absence of fathers, non-existent family-level studies, the paucity of independent evaluators, and the use of global PSE estimates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to qualitatively identify different subgroups of mothers, fathers, and couples based on their PSE factors. Furthermore, we aimed to study the interrelations between these PSE subgroups and children's school-related social competence evaluated by the children themselves as well as by their peers, teachers, and parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample (n = 981; girls n = 467; boys n = 514) consisted of fourth-grade (mean age, 10 years old) children, their teachers, peers, and parents (mothers n = 876; fathers n = 696).
  
  
  METHODS
  Latent profile analysis was used to identify parents with similar patterns of PSE. The data of mothers and fathers were modelled separately and as a family-level combination. Interrelations between PSE subgroups and children's multisource-evaluated social competence were analysed with group comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Separate subgroups of mothers, fathers, and couples were identified and labelled based on their PSE profiles. Subgroups were found to differ among mothers' age and education and children's academic skills. Most of the interrelations between PSE subgroups and children's social competence were statistically significant in a sense that children of parents with strong PSE were evaluated as more prosocial and less antisocial than others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite new perspectives on parents' PSE estimates and use of behaviour evaluators outside the family system, the interrelation between positive PSE and children's social competence and learning remains strong.
authors.affiliation: Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Learning Research, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Junttila
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vauras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards
keywords: latent profile analysis; multisource assessment; parental self-efficacy; social competence