title: Effects of phonophoresis with gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress parameters in a traumatic muscle injury model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound with gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress parameters after traumatic muscle injury in Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 6 each): sham (uninjured muscle); muscle injury without treatment; muscle injury and treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (15 mg/kg); muscle injury and treatment with gold nanoparticles (27 µg); muscle injury and treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide + gold nanoparticles (Plus); muscle injury and therapeutic pulsed ultrasound; muscle injury and therapeutic pulsed ultrasound + dimethyl sulfoxide; muscle injury and therapeutic pulsed ultrasound + gold nanoparticles; and muscle injury and therapeutic pulsed ultrasound + Plus. Gastrocnemius injury was induced by a single-impact blunt trauma. Therapeutic pulsed ultrasound (6-min application, frequency 1.0 MHz, intensity 0.8 W/cm(2)) was used 2, 12, 24, and 48 h after trauma. Mitochondrial superoxide generation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were evaluated. The increase in the superoxide production and TBARS and carbonyl levels observed in the control group after muscle damage were reduced in animals exposed to therapeutic pulsed ultrasound plus nanoparticles. Similarly, antioxidants enzymes showed a decreased activity with the same treatment. Our work suggest that therapeutic pulsed ultrasound + dimethyl sulfoxide + gold nanoparticles has beneficial effects on the muscle healing process by inducing a decrease in oxidative stress parameters and most likely decreasing the deleterious effects of the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise .
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar Lock
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Synthesis of Multifunctional Complexes , PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Eduardo Ghisi
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Synthesis of Multifunctional Complexes , PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Frederico de Souza
authors.initials: Fde S
authors.lastname: Notoya
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise .
authors.forename: Debora da Luz
authors.initials: Dda L
authors.lastname: Scheffer
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Synthesis of Multifunctional Complexes , PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Luciano da
authors.initials: Ld
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: c Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada , Saltillo , Coahuila , México , and.
authors.forename: Roberto Benavides
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Cantú
authors.affiliation: d Departamento de Materiales Nanoestructurados , Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados , Chihuahua , México.
authors.forename: Virginia Hidolina Collins
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise .
authors.forename: Ricardo Aurino
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Pinho
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Synthesis of Multifunctional Complexes , PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Marcos Marques da Silva
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paula
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D015612:Phonophoresis / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D006046:Gold; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Gold nanoparticles; muscles; oxidative stress; phonophoresis; ultrasonic therapy