title: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) phenotypic role revealed with stress.
abstract: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily ancient protein that is present in one form or another in all eukaryotes. It fundamentally resides in the nucleus but translocates to the cytosol with stress and is subsequently released into the extracellular space. HMGB1 global knockout mice exhibit lethal hypoglycemia, whereas tissues and cells from conditional knockout or knock-in mice are born alive without apparent significant functional deficit. An aberrant response to targeted stress in the liver, pancreas, heart or myeloid cells is consistent with a protective role for HMGB1 in sustaining nuclear homeostasis and enabling other stress responses, including autophagy. Under some conditions, HMGB1 is not required for liver and heart function. Many challenges remain with respect to understanding the multiple roles of HMGB1 in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daolin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America Department of Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bennett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Houten
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Herbert J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Billiar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein