title: Site-specific changes in cytokine response to septic dose of lipopolysaccharide in ovariectomized female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The immune response is altered according to hormonal and metabolic status. Obesity increases the inflammatory and fever response, whereas loss of gonadal steroid decreases behavioral response to immune stress. However, the immune systems of ovariectomized animals exhibiting obesity and gonadal steroid deficiency, particularly under septic conditions, have not been fully examined. In the present study, we evaluated the ovariectomy-induced changes of central and peripheral immune responses to life-threatening septic stimulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovariectomized rats showed heavier body weight and lighter uterine weight when compared with gonadally intact rats. Fever response to septic dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in ovariectomized rats was less evident when compared with that in gonadally intact rats. In addition, under LPS-injected septic conditions, hypothalamic gene levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in ovariectomized rats were lower than those in gonadally intact rats. On the other hand, IL-6 levels in visceral fat under septic conditions were higher in ovariectomized rats than in gonadally intact rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that ovariectomy-induced site-specific changes in cytokine response under septic conditions. As hypothalamic, but not peripheral, pro-inflammatory cytokines are directly involved in the fever response, the attenuation of fever response observed in ovariectomized rats may be caused by a reduction in central cytokine responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. iwasa.takeshi@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gereltsetseg
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munkhzaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tungalagsurv
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irahara
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000209:etiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D009929:Organ Size; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins