title: Cryotherapy on postoperative rehabilitation of joint arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of cryotherapy on joint arthroplasty recovery remains controversial. This systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy in patients after joint arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive literature searches of several databases including Cochrane Library (2013), MEDLINE (1950-2013), and Embase (1980-2013) were performed. We sought randomised controlled trials that compared the experimental group received any form of cryotherapy with any control group after joint arthroplasty. The main outcomes were postoperative blood loss, adverse events, and pain. Analyses were performed with Revman 5.0. Results were shown as mean differences (MD) and standard deviations or as risk difference and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten trials comprised 660 total knee arthroplastys and three trials comprised 122 total hip arthroplastys (THAs) met the inclusion criteria. Blood loss was significantly decreased by cryotherapy (MD = -109.68; 95 % CI -210.92 to -8.44; P = 0.03). Cryotherapy did not increase the risk of adverse effect (n.s.). Cryotherapy decreased pain at the second day of postoperative (MD = -1.32; 95 % CI -2.37 to -0.27; P = 0.0003), but did not decreased pain at the first and third day of postoperative (n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryotherapy appears effective in these selected patients after joint arthroplasty. The benefits of cryotherapy on blood loss after joint arthroplasty were obvious. However, the subgroup analysis indicated that cryotherapy did not decreased blood loss after THA. Cryotherapy did not increase the risk of adverse effect. Cryotherapy decreased pain at the second day of postoperative, but did not decreased pain at the first and third day of postoperative.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Tong
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. 15241818899@163.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Heng
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tian-Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D017679:Cryotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Cryotherapy; Total hip arthroplasty (THA); Total knee arthroplasty (TKA)