title: PPM1D as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) is involved in several types of cancer. The current study examined the role of PPM1D expression in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and in PCa cell lines. Expression of PPM1D was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 234 PCa tissues after radical prostatectomy and 80 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. The associations of PPM1D expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival were analyzed. In vitro, tumor cells were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting PPM1D (siPPM1D) or si-Scramble, and the cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined. We found that PPM1D expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than that in BPH tissues. PPM1D expression was positively correlated with Gleason score (p=0.022), T stage (p=0.015) and lymph node status (p=0.016). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that patients with positive PPM1D expression had shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that PPM1D expression was an independent predictor of both biochemical recurrence-free (hazard ratio=3.437, 95% confidence interval=1.154-6.209, p=0.016) and overall survival (hazard ratio=5.026, 95% confidence interval=2.545-8.109, p=0.007). Knockdown of PPM1D inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of PC-3 and LNCaP cells. PPM1D expression may predict for both overall and biochemical recurrence-free survival in patients after radical prostatectomy for PCa. Elevated PPM1D expression plays a key role in progression of PCa.
authors.affiliation: Bethune Medical Officer School, Shanghai, P.R. China Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology Imaging, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guanzhong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiaoyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Bethune Medical Officer School, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Bethune Medical Officer School, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China sunyinghaoch@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yinghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000607458:PPM1D protein, human; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C
keywords: PPM1D; biomarker; prognosis; prostate cancer