title: The protective effect of huperzine A against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays, hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HI/R) injury is regarded as a serious concern in clinical practices. Huperzine A (HupA) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese folk medicine huperzia serrate, which has possessed diverse pharmacological actions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mouse model of HI/R was caused by clamping the hepatic artery, the hepatoportal vein, and the bile duct with a vascular clamp for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 6 hours under anesthesia. The sham group experienced the identical procedure without hepatic ischemia. The HupA group received an injection into the tail vein 5 minutes prior to HI/R at the doses of 167 and 500 μg/kg. The vehicle group was injected with physiological saline instead of HupA. The liver function was assessed by determinations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondiadehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were also measured spectrophotometrically. In addition, the activities of hepatic inflammatory mediators such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were also measured. Furthermore, the apoptotic damage was evaluated by measuring caspase-3 activity in hepatic tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with HupA in mice at the doses of 167 and 500 μg/kg remarkably reduced serum ALT and AST activities in HupA-treated ischemic mice. Furthermore, HupA treatment could enhance the activities of hepatic tissue SOD, CAT, and GSH but decrease MDA tissue content. The activities of inflammatory cytokines including NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were all decreased in ischemic mice treated with HupA. Colorimetric test results illustrated that a marked reduction of caspase-3 activity was found in the HupA-treated group compared with the vehicle group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present data suggest that HupA has a protective role against HI/R injury of mice and antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions are involved in its protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: yuehuiyangmr@163.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C050426:huperzine A