title: [Surgical treatment of aortic paravalvular abscess by infective endocarditis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the clinical features, pathology and surgical treatment experiences in the patients with aortic paravalvular abscess by infective endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of 29 cases with aortic paravalvular abscess by infective endocarditis underwent surgical treatment between January 2001 and June 2013. Among the 29 patients, 22 were male and 7 were female, and the mean age was (37 ± 16) years (range from 11 to 63 years). The primary cardiac disease was congenital aortic valve malformation in 16 patients. There were 15 patients with a history of severe heart failure. Of 29 cases, 8 abscess cavities, 13 pseudoaneurysms and 6 fistulas were found, and complete aortoventricular discontinuity was present in 5 patients with serious infections. Of them, the abscess was above the annulus in 14 patients and below the annulus in 10 patients, and simultaneously involved the annulus above and below in 5 patients. 19 patients were culture positive either positive preoperative blood cultures or positive cultures of surgical specimens, including 9 patients with Staphylococcus infection. The paravalvular defect was repaired by patch in 19 cases, and by local closure in 10 cases. The valvular annulus was reconstructed simultaneously in 16 patients. Aortic valve replacement was performed in 26 patients, and Bentall procedure in 2 patients, including 23 with prosthetic mechanical valve and 5 with biological valve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 29 patients, 28 patients were recovered, and 1 patient was died of sepsis. During 3 months to 13 years postoperative follow-up (average 4.5 years), one was died of non-cardiac cause, and no patient had recurrent endocarditis and paravalvular leakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic paravalvular abscess by infective endocarditis is not uncommon, prone to heart failure. According to the different pathological manifestations, the appropriate surgical approach and strategy can achieve satisfactory outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chonglei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. Email: liangsl301@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Bojun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery of People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D002648:Child; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult