title: Laparoendoscopic single-site distal pancreatectomy in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the technique for laparoendoscopic single-site distal pancreatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoendoscopic single-site spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed in pigs using a novel flexible multichannel port, a curved laparoscopic multifunctional operative device and a fish hook retractor, which provided a favorable operative field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six pigs were involved in this study, and five survived the procedure. The first animal died following injury to the superior mesenteric vein and uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding. Except for this failure, the mean operative time was 155 min (range: 102-236 min). A steep learning curve was observed in the study, with a mean operative time of 177 min in the first two operations vs 134 min in the last three operations. The mean blood loss was 50 mL, and the postoperative course was uneventful. The animals were sacrificed three weeks after the procedures, and no pancreatic leakage or abdominal infection was found macroscopically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoendoscopic single-site distal pancreatectomy is a safe and feasible procedure and can be implemented in humans in selected cases at qualified surgical centers.
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dong Wang, Zhen-Ling Ji, Xiao-Hua Jiang, Jing-Min Wang, Yu-Yan Tan, Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D004867:Equipment Design; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D059032:Learning Curve; D023421:Models, Animal; D061646:Operative Time; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Curved laparoscopic multifunctional operative device; Fish hook retraction; LESS; Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery; Pancreatectomy