title: Evaluation of recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97/P102 paralogs formulated with selected adjuvants as vaccines against mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.
abstract: Pig responses to recombinant subunit vaccines containing fragments of eight multifunctional adhesins of the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) P97/P102 paralog family formulated with Alhydrogel(®) or Montanide™ Gel01 were compared with a commercial bacterin following experimental challenge. Pigs, vaccinated intramuscularly at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age with either of the recombinant formulations (n=10 per group) or Suvaxyn(®) M. hyo (n=12), were challenged with Mhp strain Hillcrest at 17 weeks of age. Unvaccinated, challenged pigs (n=12) served as a control group. Coughing was assessed daily. Antigen-specific antibody responses were monitored by ELISA in serum and tracheobronchial lavage fluid (TBLF), while TBLF was also assayed for cytokine responses (ELISA) and bacterial load (qPCR). At slaughter, gross and histopathology of lungs were quantified and damage to epithelial cilia in the porcine trachea was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Suvaxyn(®) M. hyo administration induced significant serological responses against Mhp strain 232 whole cell lysates (wcl) and recombinant antigen F3P216, but not against the remaining vaccine subunit antigens. Alhydrogel(®) and Montanide™ Gel01-adjuvanted antigen induced significant antigen-specific IgG responses, with the latter adjuvant eliciting comparable Mhp strain 232 wcl specific IgG responses to Suvaxyn(®) M. hyo. No significant post-vaccination antigen-specific mucosal responses were detected with the recombinant vaccinates. Suvaxyn(®) M. hyo was superior in reducing clinical signs, lung lesion severity and bacterial load but the recombinant formulations offered comparable protection against cilial damage. Lower IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 responses after challenge were associated with reduced lung lesion severity in Suvaxyn(®) M. hyo vaccinates, while elevated pathology scores in recombinant vaccinates corresponded to cytokine levels that were similarly elevated as in unvaccinated pigs. This study highlights the need for continued research into protective antigens and vaccination strategies that will prevent Mhp colonisation and establishment of infection.
authors.affiliation: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Lauren K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Woolley
authors.affiliation: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
authors.forename: Shayne A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fell
authors.affiliation: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
authors.forename: Jocelyn R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonsalves
authors.affiliation: The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin B A
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Tracey A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kuit
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.affiliation: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
authors.forename: Graeme J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Eamens
authors.affiliation: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia. Electronic address: cheryl.jenkins@dpi.nsw.gov.au.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine; D014132:Trachea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; P97/P102 paralogs; Recombinant; Vaccine