title: ID1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by S100A9 regulation.
abstract: Metastasis is a major factor responsible for mortality in patients with breast cancer. Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) has been shown to play an important role in cell differentiation, tumor angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis. Despite the data establishing Id1 as a critical factor for lung metastasis in breast cancer, the pathways and molecular mechanisms of Id1 functions in metastasis remain to be defined. Here, we show that Id1 interacts with TFAP2A to suppress S100A9 expression. We show that expression of Id1 and S100A9 is inversely correlated in both breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples. We also show that the migratory and invasive phenotypes in vitro and metastasis in vivo induced by Id1 expression are rescued by reestablishment of S100A9 expression. S100A9 also suppresses the expression of known metastasis-promoting factor RhoC activated by Id1 expression. Our results suggest that Id1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by the suppression of S100A9 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel pathways by Id1 regulation in metastasis.
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Kiranmai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gumireddy
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Anping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Andrew V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kossenkov
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Kathy Q
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Jinchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Showe
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Early Detection and Cure of Ovarian Cancer, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. qhuang@wistar.org.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D040502:Calgranulin B; C497453:ID1 protein, human; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering