title: Effect of calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste as intracanal medicaments on the incidence of inter-appointment flare-up in diabetic patients: An in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effect of antibacterial intracanal medicaments on inter-appointment flare-up in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty diabetic patients requiring root canal treatment were assigned into groups I, II, and III. In group I, no intracanal medicament was placed. In groups II and III, calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic pastes were placed as intracanal medicaments, respectively. Patients were instructed to record their pain on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14. Inter-appointment flare-up was evaluated using verbal rating scale (VRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall incidence of inter-appointment flare-up among diabetic patients was found to be 16%. In group I, 50% of the patients and in group II, 15% of the patients developed inter-appointment flare-up. However, no patients in group III developed inter-appointment flare-up. The comparison of these results was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002; χ(2) = 12.426). However, with respect to intergroup comparison, only the difference between groups I and III was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002; χ(2) = 12.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste are effective for managing inter-appointment flare-ups in diabetic patients. Triple antibiotic paste is more effective than calcium hydroxide in preventing the occurrence of flare-up in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Swathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vivekananda Pai
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Manuel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhat
keywords: Calcium hydroxide; diabetes; inter-appointment flare-up; intra-canal medicament; triple antibiotic