title: Integrative genomic analyses of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and its role in cancer prediction.
abstract: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also termed osteonectin or basement‑membrane‑40 (BM‑40), is a matrix‑associated protein that elicits changes in cell shape, inhibits cell‑cycle progression and affects the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). The final mature SPARC protein has 286 amino acids with three distinct domains, including an NH2‑terminal acidic domain (NT), follistatin‑like domain (FS) and C terminus domain (EC). The present study identified SPARC genes from 14 vertebrate genomes and revealed that SPARC existed in all types of vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. In total, 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) causing missense mutations were identified, which may affect the formation of the truncated form of the SPARC protein. The human SPARC gene was found to be expressed in numerous tissues or organs, including in the bone marrow, whole blood, lymph node, thymus, brain, cerebellum, retina, heart, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, spinal cord, intestine, colon, adipocyte, kidney, liver, pancreas, thyroid, salivary gland, skin, ovary, uterus, placenta, cervix and prostate. When searched in the PrognoScan database, the human SPARC gene was also found to be expressed in bladder, blood, breast, glioma, esophagus, colorectal, head and neck, ovarian, lung and skin cancer tissues. It was revealed that the association between the expression of SPARC and prognosis varied in different types of cancer, and even in the same cancer from different databases. It implied that the function of SPARC in these tumors may be multidimensional, functioning not just as a tumor suppressor or oncogene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Huangpu Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tian-Song
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D005399:Fishes; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015676:Osteonectin; C577241:SPARC protein, human