title: Solanine induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: Steroid alkaloids have been suggested as potential anticancer compounds. However, the underlying mechanisms of how steroid alkaloids inhibit the tumor growth are largely unknown. Here, we reported that solanine, a substance of steroid alkaloids, has a positive effect on the inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In pancreatic cancer cells and nu/nu nude mice model, we found that solanine inhibited cancer cells growth through caspase-3 dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. Mechanically, solanine promotes the opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) by downregulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio; thereafter, Cytochrome c and Smac are released from mitochondria into cytosol to process the caspase-3 zymogen into an activated form. Moreover, we found that the expression of tumor metastasis related proteins, MMP-2 and MMP-9, was also decreased in the cells treated with solanine. Therefore, our results suggested that solanine was an effective compound for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chongqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Longlong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Yingxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Qingshun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Suhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Hongru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chunwu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Mengtao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012992:Solanine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012992:Solanine