title: Microbial lactate utilization: enzymes, pathogenesis, and regulation.
abstract: Lactate utilization endows microbes with the ability to use lactate as a carbon source. Lactate oxidizing enzymes play key roles in the lactate utilization pathway. Various types of these enzymes have been characterized, but novel ones remain to be identified. Lactate determination techniques and biocatalysts have been developed based on these enzymes. Lactate utilization has also been found to induce pathogenicity of several microbes, and the mechanisms have been investigated. More recently, studies on the structure and organization of operons of lactate utilization have been carried out. This review focuses on the recent progress and future perspectives in understanding microbial lactate utilization.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianyi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: macq@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cuiqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: pingxu@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase; biocatalysis; biosensor; lactate utilization; pathogenesis; regulation