title: Renal injury induced in alloxan diabetic rats. Role of Mycophenolate Mofetil as therapeutic agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal injury may develop in uncontrolled chronic hyperglycemia due to increased oxidative stress and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to diabetic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant drug, an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), relevant to inflammation processes. MMF effect was tested in alloxan-diabetic rats on selected parameters like oxidative stress, gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), in relation to microalbuminuria and renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the onset of microalbuminuria preceded the increase in serum glucose after alloxan treatment. Gene expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 showed gradual increase after one and two weeks of alloxan administration as compared to the normal group. MMF administration decreased the gene expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in kidney tissues, serum glucose, fructosamine, urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, urinary microalbumin and total protein. Histological examination of kidney tissues showed significant improvement in MMF treated rats as compared to diabetic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMF modulated renal injury of alloxan diabetic rats. Collective data may support its therapeutic effect but further clinical trials may be requested.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elseweidy
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sahar E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Elswefy
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd Elmoniem
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University, Dakahlia, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamedshawky1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shawky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid
keywords: Malondialdehyde; Mycophenolate Mofetil; Nephropathy; Transforming growth factor-beta1; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha