title: Temporary anchorage device usage: a survey among Swiss orthodontists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the survey was to obtain information on the treatment plan preferences, mechanics and characteristics of temporary anchorage device (TAD) application using a single case presented to orthodontists in Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured questionnaire to be completed by all study participants with case-specific (treatment plan including mechanics and TAD usage) and general questions (general fixed appliance and TAD usage as well as professional, educational and demographic questions) together with an orthodontic borderline case was utilised. The case was a female adult with dental Class II/2, deep bite and maxillary anterior crowing, who had been treated in childhood with extraction of four premolars and fixed appliance followed by wisdom tooth extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 24.4% (108 out of 443). The majority (96.3%, 104) proposed comprehensive treatment, while 3.7% (4) planned only alignment of maxillary teeth. 8.3% (9) included a surgical approach in their treatment plan. An additional 0.9% (1) combined the surgical approach with Class II mechanics. 75.1% (81) decided on distalization on the maxilla using TADs, 7.4% (8) planned various types of Class II appliances and 3.7% (4) combined distalization using TADs or headgear with Class II appliances and surgery. Palatal implants were the most popular choice (70.6%, 60), followed by mini-screws (22.4%, 19) and mini-plates on the infrazygomatic crests (7.0%, 6). The preferred site of TAD insertion showed more variation in sagittal than in transversal dimension, and the median size of mini-screws used was 10.0-mm long (interquartile range (IQR) 2.3 mm) and 2.0-mm wide (IQR 0.3 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distalization against palatal implants and then distalization against mini-screws were the most popular treatment plans. Preferred site for TAD insertion varied depending on type and size but varied more widely in the sagittal than in the transversal dimension.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Markic
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katsaros
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pandis
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich 8032, Switzerland. theodore.eliades@zzm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eliades
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002508:Cephalometry; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D023861:Photography, Dental; D019239:Practice Patterns, Dentists' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D013557:Switzerland; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data