title: Identification of Human Intestinal Microbiota of 92 Men by Data Mining for 5 Characteristics, i.e., Age, BMI, Smoking Habit, Cessation Period of Previous Smokers and Drinking Habit.
abstract: The intestinal microbiota compositions of 92 men living in Japan were identified following consumption of identical meals for 3 days. Fecal samples were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism with 4 primer-restriction enzyme systems, and the 120 obtained operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were analyzed by Data mining software focusing on the following 5 characteristics, namely, age, body mass index, present smoking habit, cessation period of previous smokers and drinking habit, according to the answers of the subjects. After performing Data mining analyses with each characteristic, the details of the constructed Decision trees precisely identified the subjects or discriminated them into various suitable groups. Through the pathways to reach the groups, practical roles of the related OTUs and their quantities were clearly recognized. Compared with the other identification methods for OTUs such as bicluster analyses, correlation coefficients and principal component analyses, the clear difference of this Data mining technique was that it set aside most OTUs and emphasized only some closely related ones. For example for a selected characteristic, such as smoking habit, only 7 OTUs out of 120 were able to identify all smokers, and the remaining 113 OTUs were thought of as data noise for smoking. Data mining analyses were affirmed as an effective method of subject discrimination for various physiological constitutions. The species of bacteria that were closely related to heavy smokers, i.e., HaeIII-291, were also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Miyagi University, Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0215, Japan ; RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Jong-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kibe
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touyama
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan ; Biofermin Kobe Research Institute, Kobe, Hyogo 651-242, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benno
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan ; Yokohama Rosai Hospital, JLHWO, Kozukue-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Biofermin Kobe Research Institute, Kobe, Hyogo 651-242, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimakawa
authors.affiliation: Fujicco Co., Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruo
authors.affiliation: Fujicco Co., Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Itami, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Itami, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.affiliation: Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo 190-0182, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tatebayashi, Gunma 374-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Genichirou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tatebayashi, Gunma 374-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chounan
authors.affiliation: RIKEN, Benno Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benno
keywords: decision tree; discrimination of subjects; human intestinal microbiota; identical meals; node; operational taxonomic units; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism