title: Dietary exposure and screening-level risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechloran plus (DP) in wheat, rice, soil and air along two tributaries of the River Chenab, Pakistan.
abstract: No scientific report is available for screening level-risk assessment of newly emerging contaminants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechloran plus (DP) in food crops and environmental compartments of Pakistan. Dietary exposure of PBDEs and DP via food crops; screening levels, spatial distribution pattern of PBDEs and DP in air, soil, wheat and rice were assessed along the stretch of upstream feeding tributaries (Nullah Aik and Nullah Palkhu), River Chenab, Pakistan. ∑PBDE levels in air, soil, wheat and rice ranged between 0.59 and 7.80pgm(-3), 6.88 and 37.7ngg(-1), 0.30ngg(-1) and 1.43ngg(-1) and 0.07 and 46.0ngg(-1), respectively. ∑DP concentrations calculated in air, soil, wheat and rice ranged between 0.80 and 0.10pgm(-3), 0.17 and 2.61ngg(-1), 0.90 and 0.49ngg(-1) and 0.00 and 12.5ngg(-1), respectively. The trend of PBDEs and DP distribution pattern was found as follows; industrial/urban areas>industrial/peri-urban areas>agricultural/rural areas. Estimated daily intake (EDI) for wheat and rice was ranged between 0.002 and 0.035pgkg(-1)d(-1) and 0.033 and 0.680pgkg(-1)d(-1). Human health risks for adults on the basis of EDI were lower than the recommended MRL (minimal risk level) and lowest observed adverse effect of level (LOAEL).
authors: Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: adilqau5@gmail.com.
authors: Adeel
authors: A
authors: Mahmood
authors: Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. Electronic address: r_n_malik2000@yahoo.co.uk.
authors: Riffat Naseem
authors: RN
authors: Malik
authors: Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors: Jabir Hussain
authors: JH
authors: Syed
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Gan
authors: G
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism; D010154:Pakistan; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Air; DP; Food crops; PBDEs; Pakistan