title: Laboratory and field evaluation of two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis M-H-14 against mosquito larvae in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2012.
abstract: Due to low efficacy in the field of a local commercial product of Bacillus thuringiensis M-H-14 (Bioflash(®)), a study was designed to assess its efficacy in laboratory, glass standard aquarium, semi-field and field conditions at both target and higher dosages against immature stages of Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. In laboratory conditions, the LC50 values of wettable powder and granule formulations were 227 and 1031 ppm respectively against a susceptible strain of An. stephensi. Following application of wettable powder and granules at 56.1 mg/aquarium, the survival rates of the exposed larvae to the granule formulation were 65.6% and 54.2% on days 6 and 8 respectively. In the artificial ponds, the larval density was reduced to 38.9%, 39.3% and 65.1% at dosages of 2, 4 and 8 g/m(2) respectively. In rice fields, at a dosage of 2 kg/ha, the density of immature larvae were reduced to 33.1% and 28.6% 7-days post-treatment. Further investigations are needed for the reasons for the low efficacy of this larvicide.
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Gezelbash
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; National Institute for Environmental Health Research, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Vatandoost
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Abai
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Raeisi
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Rassi
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Hanafi-Bojd
authors: National Institute for Environmental Health Research, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Jabbari
authors: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nikpoor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D003465:Culex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D007492:Iran; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological