title: Pulse-resolved multi-photon X-ray detection at 31 MHz based on a quadrant avalanche photodiode.
abstract: The technical realisation and the commissioning experiments of a high-speed X-ray detector based on a quadrant avalanche silicon photodiode and high-speed digitizers are described. The development is driven by the need for X-ray detectors dedicated to time-resolved diffraction and imaging experiments, ideally requiring pulse-resolved data processing at the synchrotron bunch repetition rate. By a novel multi-photon detection scheme, the exact number of X-ray photons within each X-ray pulse can be recorded. Commissioning experiments at beamlines P08 and P10 of the storage ring PETRA III, at DESY, Hamburg, Germany, have been used to validate the pulse-wise multi-photon counting scheme at bunch frequencies ≥ 31 MHz, enabling pulse-by-pulse readout during the PETRA III 240-bunch mode with single-photon detection capability. An X-ray flux of ≥ 3.7 × 10(9) photons s(-1) can be detected while still resolving individual photons at low count rates.
authors: Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Reusch
authors: Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Osterhoff
authors: Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Agricola
authors: Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Salditt
keywords: multi-photon counting; time-resolved diffraction; ultra-fast detection