title: Pigmented rice bran and plant sterol combination reduces serum lipids in overweight and obese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the dietary effect of including pigmented rice bran with or without plant sterols on lipid profiles during energy restriction-induced weight loss in overweight and obese adults not taking cholesterol-lowering medication. In addition, the study examined the effect of intervention on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 24 overweight and obese adults (age: 43 ± 6 years, body mass index 32 ± 1 kg/m(2), 18 females) were randomized to a 25% calorie-restricted diet containing either pigmented rice bran (RB) or the RB with addition of plant sterols (RB+PS) snack bars for 8 weeks. The individualized nutrient-balanced diet contained ∼70% of daily energy needs assessed from indirect calorimetry measured resting energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity-related EE assessed using accelerometry. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, urinary F2-isoprostanes, C-reactive protein, insulin, and leptin were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants lost approximately 4.7 ± 2.2 kg (p < 0.001). Weight loss was not significant between the RB+PS and RB group (p = 0.056). Changes in body fat corresponded to changes in body weight. Average decrease in total cholesterol was significantly higher in the RB+PS group than in the RB group (difference 36 ± 25 g/dL vs 7 ± 16 g/dL; p = 0.044). A similar pattern was observed for the decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (difference 22.3 ± 25.2 g/dL vs 4.4 ± 18.9 g/dL; p = 0.062). Changes in systolic blood pressure, serum levels of leptin, and F2-isoprostanes were significant between baseline values and after 8 weeks on the diet in both groups (p < 0.05) but did not differ between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nutrient-balanced and energy-restricted diet supplemented with rice bran and plant sterols resulted in a significant decrease in total and LDL cholesterol in overweight and obese adults.
authors: a Nutritional Sciences (N.H.), and College of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatics (B.T.P.), University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona ; Department of Food Nutrition and Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , CANADA (D.D.K., J.Z.); Department of Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee (C.M.D., M.S.B.); Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , Agricultural University of Krakow , Krakow , POLAND (A.K.).
authors: Nobuko
authors: N
authors: Hongu
authors: David D
authors: DD
authors: Kitts
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Zawistowski
authors: Cynthia M
authors: CM
authors: Dossett
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Kopeć
authors: Benjamin T
authors: BT
authors: Pope
authors: Maciej S
authors: MS
authors: Buchowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D010840:Phytosterols; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: bioactive compounds; clinical trials; diets; general nutrition; obesity; preventative nutrition and chronic disease; supplements and functional foods