title: Radiographic contrast-media-induced acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and prophylactic strategies.
abstract: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most widely discussed and debated topics in cardiovascular medicine. With increasing number of contrast-media- (CM-) enhanced imaging studies being performed and growing octogenarian population with significant comorbidities, incidence of CI-AKI remains high. In this review, pathophysiology of CI-AKI, its relationship with different types of CM, role of serum and urinary biomarkers for diagnosing CI-AKI, and various prophylactic strategies used for nephroprotection against CI-AKI are discussed in detail.
authors: Department of Surgery, Cambridge Vascular Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Box 201, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors: Umar
authors: 0000-0001-9148-0588
authors: U
authors: Sadat