title: Significance of syndecan-1 expression in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) supports tumor progression in breast cancer. FGF-2 signaling is modulated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans, such as syndecan-1 (CD138). The exact role of CD138 in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) is still uncertain. Differential expression depending on grading could suggest a role for syndecan-1 during growth and tumor progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of 127 cases of breast DCIS associated with follow-up data were included. CD138 staining intensity, number of positive cells, intracellular and tissue localization were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 45.4 months and median recurrence-free survival (RFS) 86 months. Age, menopausal status and previous hormone replacement therapy had no significant influence on RFS. Smoking significantly influenced RFS (p=0.008). Endocrine therapy or radiotherapy did not improve RFS. Grading was not correlated with CD138 staining intensity, but was significantly associated with the percentage of CD138-positive cells (low-vs. high-grade, p=0.043). Estrogen receptor (ER) expression did not influence staining intensity of CD138 (p=0.247), but negatively correlated with the proportion of CD138-positive cells (p=0.032). Progesterone receptor (PR) expression significantly influenced the intensity of staining (p=0.010) and the percentage of CD138-positive cells (p=0.004); both were increased in PR-negative cases. CD138 staining intensity and percentage of positive cells did not correlate with RFS. Nuclear grade and syndecan-1 staining localization were significantly associated (p=0.001). ER-positive, and PR-positive DCIS more often exhibited membrane-bound syndecan-1 than ER- or PR-negative cases (p=0.001). Nuclear grade and tissue localization of CD138 correlated significantly (p=0.005). PR influenced CD138 tissue distribution, while ER did not. Syndecan-1 localization did not statistically impact RFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In DCIS of different nuclear grades, tissue localization of syndecan-1 is significantly divergent, suggesting a specific effect on biology and progression of DCIS.
authors: Institute for Hematopatholgy Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Tiemann
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Marion Tina
authors: MT
authors: Weigel
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Alkatout
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Antonia Sophie
authors: AS
authors: Wenners
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Mundhenke
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Fritz Werner
authors: FW
authors: Schäfer
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Maret
authors: M
authors: Bauer
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Schem
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors: Nicolai
authors: N
authors: Maass
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Jonat
authors: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Unit, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany christoph.mundhenke@uksh.de.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Mundhenke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: C508241:SDC1 protein, human; D053668:Syndecan-1
keywords: DCIS; cell and tissue localization; epidemiological factors; prognostic factor; syndecan-1 expression; tumor progression