title: Atlantic salmon show capability for cardiac acclimation to warm temperatures.
abstract: Increases in environmental temperature predicted to result from global warming have direct effects on performance of ectotherms. Moreover, cardiac function has been observed to limit the tolerance to high temperatures. Here we show that two wild populations of Atlantic salmon originating from northern and southern extremes of its European distribution have strikingly similar cardiac responses to acute warming when acclimated to common temperatures, despite different local environments. Although cardiac collapse starts at 21-23 °C with a maximum heart rate of ~150 beats per min (bpm) for 12 °C-acclimated fish, acclimation to 20 °C considerably raises this temperature (27.5 °C) and maximum heart rate (~200 bpm). Only minor population differences exist and these are consistent with the warmer habitat of the southern population. We demonstrate that the considerable cardiac plasticity discovered for Atlantic salmon is largely independent of natural habitat, and we propose that observed cardiac plasticity may aid salmon to cope with global warming.
authors: 1] Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland [2].
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Anttila
authors: 1] Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway [2].
authors: Christine S
authors: CS
authors: Couturier
authors: Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
authors: Oyvind
authors: O
authors: Overli
authors: Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Arild
authors: A
authors: Johnsen
authors: Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Gunnhild
authors: G
authors: Marthinsen
authors: Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Göran E
authors: GE
authors: Nilsson
authors: Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4.
authors: Anthony P
authors: AP
authors: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006358:Hot Temperature; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature