title: The role of avian reoviruses in turkey tenosynovitis/arthritis.
abstract: Turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) has been isolated from the gastrocnemius tendons and tibiotarsal joint fluid of lame male turkeys >12 weeks old in the Midwest. Two experiments were conducted to compare the pathogenicity in turkeys of three TARVs (TARV-MN2, TARV-MN4 and TARV-O'Neil), one turkey enteric reovirus (TERV strain MN1) and one chicken arthritis reovirus (CARV strain MN1). Two hundred microlitres of virus were inoculated by the oral, intratracheal, or footpad route into 6-day-old poults placed in isolator units. Poults were necropsied at 1 and 4 weeks post infection in Experiment 1, and at 2 and 4 weeks post infection in Experiment 2. Reovirus was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation in tendons of TARV-inoculated poults at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post infection. TARV-O'Neil and TARV-MN2 were detected in tendons of sentinal birds at 1 and 4 weeks and 1 week p.i., respectively. In general, TARVs produced lymphocytic tenosynovitis of the gastrocnemius and digital flexor tendon sheaths without inflammation of the tendons proper. In Experiment 1, poults inoculated with TARV-MN2 and TARV-O'Neil had significantly higher gastrocnemius tendon inflammation scores, as determined by histology, than those inoculated with TERV-MN1 or CARV-MN1. In Experiment 2, poults inoculated with TARV-MN2 and TARV-O'Neil had significantly higher gastrocnemius tendon inflammation scores than those inoculated with TARV-MN4 and virus-free medium (negative control group). Koch's postulates was fulfilled when TARV-MN2 and TARV-O'Neil were re-isolated from tendons of poults that had originally been challenged with either of these viruses. Results of these experiments indicate that TARVs have a unique ability to induce gastrocnemius tenosynovitis in turkeys and that administration of TARV-O'Neil through the oral or intratracheal route is a reproducible model to study pathogenesis of TARV infection.
authors: a Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , MN , USA.
authors: Tamer A
authors: TA
authors: Sharafeldin
authors: Sunil K
authors: SK
authors: Mor
authors: Aschalew Z
authors: AZ
authors: Bekele
authors: Harsha
authors: H
authors: Verma
authors: Sagar M
authors: SM
authors: Goyal
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Porter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D030101:Orthoreovirus, Avian / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral