title: Influence of sensory and cultural perceptions of white rice, brown rice and beans by Costa Rican adults in their dietary choices.
abstract: Little is known about the distinct perceptions towards rice and beans that may shape the consumption of these main staple foods among Costa Ricans. We aimed to identify barriers and motivators that could change the current staple into a healthier one, and assess the sensory perceptions of these foods in this population. Focus group discussions and sensory tastings of 8 traditional white or brown rice and beans preparations were conducted in 98 Costa Ricans, aged 40-65 years. Traditional habits and family support emerged as the two main drivers for current consumption. Consuming similar amounts of rice and beans, as well as unfamiliarity with brown rice, are habits engrained in the Costa Rican culture, and are reinforced in the family and community environment. Suggested strategies for consuming more brown rice and more beans included introducing them during childhood, disseminating information of their health benefits that take into account the importance of tradition, lowering the cost, increasing availability, engaging women as agents of change and for brown rice masking the perceived unpleasant sensory characteristics by incorporating them into mixed dishes. Plain brown rice received the lowest mean hedonic liking scores. The preparations rated highest for pleasant were the beans: rice 1:1 ratio regardless of the type of rice. This study identified novel strategies to motivate Costa Rican adults to adapt their food choices into healthier ones within their cultural and sensory acceptability.
authors: Nutrition and Health Unit, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Ministry of Health, Tres Ríos, Costa Rica. Electronic address: rmonge@inciensa.sa.cr.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Monge-Rojas
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Josiemer
authors: J
authors: Mattei
authors: Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Fuster
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Willett
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Hannia
authors: H
authors: Campos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003364:Costa Rica; D003469:Culture; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055696:Olfactory Perception; D012275:Oryza; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013649:Taste; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Beans; Costa Rica; Focus group; Hispanics; Rice; Sensory test