title: Sex-dependent decrease of sphingomyelinase activity during alcohol withdrawal treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the role of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in pathophysiological processes and alterations in response to ethanol exposure. Cellular and plasmatic ASM activities are increased in male alcohol dependent patients and decrease during physical withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we analyzed the time course of ASM in male and also female acutely intoxicated patients during alcohol withdrawal and compared the activity levels to those under long-term maintenance treatment. Craving and further psychometric parameters were assessed by questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gradual decrease of serum ASM was confirmed in males (p<0.001) and continued to lower activities in long-term patients (p=0.001). The trend was similar in females (p=0.178), although the initial enzyme activities were significantly lower (p=0.035). ASM activity strongly correlated with the body mass index in males. The initial ASM activity and its decline during the first two days were associated with the improvement in scores for the Beck depression inventory, the obsessive compulsive drinking and the withdrawal syndrome scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the potential of ASM as a biomarker for the course of withdrawal therapy in males and provide the first associations of this enzyme with psychological variables such as craving and depression.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Mühle
authors: Violina
authors: V
authors: Amova
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Biermann
authors: Kristina
authors: K
authors: Bayerlein
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Richter-Schmidinger
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Kraus
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Reichel
authors: Erich
authors: E
authors: Gulbins
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Kornhuber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000628:therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase