title: Growth phase-dependent proteomes of the Malaysian isolated Lactococcus lactis dairy strain M4 using label-free qualitative shotgun proteomics analysis.
abstract: Lactococcus lactis is the most studied mesophilic fermentative lactic acid bacterium. It is used extensively in the food industry and plays a pivotal role as a cell factory and also as vaccine delivery platforms. The proteome of the Malaysian isolated L. lactis M4 dairy strain, obtained from the milk of locally bred cows, was studied to elucidate the physiological changes occurring between the growth phases of this bacterium. In this study, ultraperformance liquid chromatography nanoflow electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- nano-ESI-MS(E)) approach was used for qualitative proteomic analysis. A total of 100 and 121 proteins were identified from the midexponential and early stationary growth phases, respectively, of the L. lactis strain M4. During the exponential phase, the most important reaction was the generation of sufficient energy, whereas, in the early stationary phase, the metabolic energy pathways decreased and the biosynthesis of proteins became more important. Thus, the metabolism of the cells shifted from energy production in the exponential phase to the synthesis of macromolecules in the stationary phase. The resultant proteomes are essential in providing an improved view of the cellular machinery of L. lactis during the transition of growth phases and hence provide insight into various biotechnological applications.
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Theresa Wan Chen
authors: TW
authors: Yap
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Rabu
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Farah Diba
authors: FD
authors: Abu Bakar
authors: Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Raha Abdul
authors: RA
authors: Rahim
authors: Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Nor Muhammad
authors: NM
authors: Mahadi
authors: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors: Rosli Md
authors: RM
authors: Illias
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Abdul Munir Abdul
authors: 0000-0001-6402-7198
authors: AM
authors: Murad
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome