title: Effect of resistance training on microvascular density and eNOS content in skeletal muscle of sedentary men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of RT on muscle mass, strength, and insulin sensitivity are well established, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether RT induces changes in endothelial enzymes of the muscle microvasculature, which would increase NO bioavailability and could contribute to improved insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight previously sedentary males (age 20 ± 0.4 years, BMI 24.5 ± 0.9 kg/m(2) ) completed six weeks of RT 3x/week. Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis and microvascular density; and endothelial-specific eNOS content, eNOS Ser(1177) phosphorylation, and NOX2 content were assessed pre- and post-RT using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Whole-body insulin sensitivity (measured as Matsuda Index), microvascular Kf (functional measure of the total available endothelial surface area), and arterial stiffness (AIx, central, and pPWV) were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measures of microvascular density, microvascular Kf , microvascular eNOS content, basal eNOS phosphorylation, and endothelial NOX2 content did not change from pre-RT to post-RT. RT increased insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05) and reduced resting blood pressure and AIx (p < 0.05), but did not change central or pPWV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT did not change any measure of muscle microvascular structure or function.
authors: Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Cocks
authors: Christopher S
authors: CS
authors: Shaw
authors: Sam O
authors: SO
authors: Shepherd
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Fisher
authors: Aaron M
authors: AM
authors: Ranasinghe
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Barker
authors: Kevin D
authors: KD
authors: Tipton
authors: Anton J M
authors: AJ
authors: Wagenmakers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
keywords: NAD(P)Hoxidase; insulin sensitivity; muscle microvascular endothelial function; nitric oxide