title: Enhanced sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by sulfate ions.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of sulfate ions on the decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by ultrasonic (US) irradiation at various pHs, sulfate doses, powers and temperatures. The removal of PFOA was augmented with an increased sulfate ion concentration, with PFOA being almost completely decomposed in 90min at 25°C with a sulfate dose of 117mM. The two major mechanisms in the sulfate-assisted sonochemical system are the direct destruction of PFOA by cavitation and the indirect destruction of PFOA by sulfate free radicals. The decomposition of PFOA followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and was not influenced by pH. The reaction rate constants decreased with increases in temperature due to decreases in the surface tension of the solution.
authors: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Jo-Chen
authors: JC
authors: Lin
authors: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: sllo@ntu.edu.tw.
authors: Shang-Lien
authors: SL
authors: Lo
authors: School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Ching-Yao
authors: CY
authors: Hu
authors: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Yu-Chi
authors: YC
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Kuo
keywords: Defluorination; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Sonochemical; Sulfate ion; Surface tension; Ultrasonic