title: Effects of the human antiepileptic drug carbamazepine on the behavior, biomarkers, and heat shock proteins in the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea.
abstract: Carbamazepine (CBZ), an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical, is a widespread contaminant in aquatic environments. In this study, the effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant CBZ concentrations were investigated in freshwater clams Corbicula fluminea. Adult C. fluminea were exposed to 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L of CBZ for 30 days, after which siphoning behavior (filtration rates), biomarker levels, and heat shock protein expression were measured. The filtration rates were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 50 μg/L CBZ treatment, indicating a negative impact on C. fluminea health. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were decreased, and catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased in the gills and digestive gland, suggesting that CBZ induced an oxidative effect. The levels of Hsp22, Hsp40, and Hsp70 mRNAs were also markedly induced after 5 or 50 μg/L CBZ treatment (p<0.05), whereas Hsp60 and Hsp90 mRNAs in gills and Hsp60 mRNA in digestive gland were significantly repressed (p<0.05). Finally, the expression of Hsp70 protein was significantly increased (p<0.05) by 5 and 50 μg/L exposure. In aggregate, these results confirm that environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ can exert a negative effect on C. fluminea tissue at the molecular and protein level.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors: Huihui
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China. Electronic address: jmzha@rcees.ac.cn.
authors: Jinmiao
authors: J
authors: Zha
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors: Xuefang
authors: X
authors: Liang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
authors: Jiasu
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China. Electronic address: zjwang@rcees.ac.cn.
authors: Zijian
authors: Z
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D049874:Corbicula / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015415:Biomarkers; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Carbamazepine; Corbicula fluminea; Heat shock proteins; Siphoning behavior