title: Toll like receptor 2 and 4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Appropriate MS therapeutic strategies need thorough understanding of both disease etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Ligation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulates the production of several cytokines leading to CNS autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To find a relationship between MS disability and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression on mononuclear cells in the blood of MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five new case (NC) MS patients (33 females and 12 males) and 45 age and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited to the study. PBMCs were prepared and the expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 were assessed by flowcytometry technique using appropriate monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 proteins in the patients group was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. TLR-2 but not TLR-4 was correlated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 may represent a state of innate immune activation in patients with MS.
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahre Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre Kord,Iran,e-mail: jhasheminia@yahoo.com.
authors: Seyed Javad
authors: SJ
authors: Hasheminia
authors: Sayyed Hamid
authors: SH
authors: Zarkesh-Esfahani
authors: Sepideh
authors: S
authors: Tolouei
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Shaygannejad
authors: Hedaiatallah
authors: H
authors: Shirzad
authors: Morteza
authors: M
authors: Hashemzadeh Chaleshtory
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4