title: Medication use and multiple myeloma risk in Los Angeles County.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of medication use in multiple myeloma (MM) risk remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Los Angeles County Multiple Myeloma Case-Control Study, comprising 278 MM cases and individually matched neighborhood controls, provided data to assess associations between medication use and MM risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythromycin (ever) use was associated with increased MM risk (OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.13-3.03). This association was restricted to men (OR 3.77, 95 % CI 1.72-8.29) and was especially apparent among men who took two or more courses of erythromycin (OR 4.68, 95 % CI 1.70-12.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to females, males have lower levels of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), for which erythromycin is both a substrate and inhibitor. Use of CYP3A4-inhibiting drugs such as erythromycin in men may thus result in even lower levels of CYP3A4 and, consequently, higher levels of CYP3A4-metabolized substances. These results could potentially provide clues to explain discrepancies in MM incidence by sex. Consortial efforts to confirm these associations are warranted.
authors: Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
authors: Daniel S
authors: DS
authors: Nuyujukian
authors: Jenna
authors: J
authors: Voutsinas
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Bernstein
authors: Sophia S
authors: SS
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004917:Erythromycin