title: Enhancement of fear memory by retrieval through reconsolidation.
abstract: Memory retrieval is considered to have roles in memory enhancement. Recently, memory reconsolidation was suggested to reinforce or integrate new information into reactivated memory. Here, we show that reactivated inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory is enhanced through reconsolidation under conditions in which memory extinction is not induced. This memory enhancement is mediated by neurons in the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through the simultaneous activation of calcineurin-induced proteasome-dependent protein degradation and cAMP responsive element binding protein-mediated gene expression. Interestingly, the amygdala is required for memory reconsolidation and enhancement, whereas the hippocampus and mPFC are required for only memory enhancement. Furthermore, memory enhancement triggered by retrieval utilizes distinct mechanisms to strengthen IA memory by additional learning that depends only on the amygdala. Our findings indicate that reconsolidation functions to strengthen the original memory and show the dynamic nature of reactivated memory through protein degradation and gene expression in multiple brain regions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02736.001.
authors: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Hotaka
authors: H
authors: Fukushima
authors: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors: Georgia
authors: G
authors: Archbold
authors: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Nader
authors: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan kida@nodai.ac.jp.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Kida
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D019703:Calcineurin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: amygdala; cAMP responsive element binding protein; enhancement; fear memory; proteasome-dependent protein degradation; reconsolidation