title: An investigation into the serum thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (free radicals) play an important role in carcinogenesis. Extensive antioxidant defense mechanisms counteract free radicals in mammalian cells. Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses. There is direct evidence that oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) are linked to the etiology of breast cancer. The increasing global incidence of breast cancer emphasizes the need to understand the various mechanisms involved in breast tumorigenesis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the blood samples of patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was based on 23 women who were surgically treated at Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an index of LPO along with the examination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and thioredoxin (Trx) levels were determined in the blood samples of 23 patients with breast cancer and 13 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDA, AOPP, and Trx levels and SOD activities were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that oxidative stress may be related to breast cancer and especially some molecules, such as Trx and AOPP, may be useful biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. More detailed knowledge related to the pathophysiology of these molecules could provide valuable information on the origin and development of malignant tumors, such as breast cancer.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Nedret
authors: N
authors: Kilic
authors: Mine
authors: M
authors: Yavuz Taslipinar
authors: Yildiz
authors: Y
authors: Guney
authors: Ercument
authors: E
authors: Tekin
authors: Erhan
authors: E
authors: Onuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013879:Thioredoxins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1