title: Development of a National Consensus for Tactical Emergency Medical Support (TEMS) Training Programs--Operators and Medical Providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tactical teams are at high risk of sustaining injuries. Caring for these casualties in the field involves unique requirements beyond what is provided by traditional civilian emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Despite this need, the training objectives and competencies are not uniformly agreed to or taught.
  
  
  METHODS
  An expert panel was convened that included members from the Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, Justice, and Health and Human Services, as well as federal, state, and local law-enforcement officers who were recruited through requests to stakeholder agencies and open invitations to individuals involved in Tactical Emergency Medical Services (TEMS) or its oversight. Two face-to-face meetings took place. Using a modified Delphi technique, previously published TEMS competencies were reviewed and updated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The original 17 competency domains were modified and the most significant changes were the addition of Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC), Tactical Familiarization, Legal Aspects of TEMS, and Mass Casualty Triage to the competency domains. Additionally, enabling and terminal learning objectives were developed for each competency domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This project has developed a minimum set of medical competencies and learning objectives for both tactical medical providers and operators. This work should serve as a platform for ensuring minimum knowledge among providers, which will serve enhance team interoperability and improve the health and safety of tactical teams and the public.
authors: Richard B
authors: RB
authors: Schwartz
authors: Brooke
authors: B
authors: Lerner
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Llewellyn
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Pennardt
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Wedmore
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Callaway
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Wightman
authors: Raymond
authors: R
authors: Casillas
authors: Alexander L
authors: AL
authors: Eastman
authors: Kevin B
authors: KB
authors: Gerold
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Giebner
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Davidson
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Kamin
authors: Gina
authors: G
authors: Piazza
authors: Glenn A
authors: GA
authors: Bollard
authors: Philip A
authors: PA
authors: Carmona
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Sonstrom
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Seifarth
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Nicely
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Croushorn
authors: Philip A
authors: PA
authors: Carmona
mesh_terms: D003697:Delphi Technique; D004493:Education / Q000592:standards*; D004630:Emergencies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education*; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement; D016495:Police / Q000193:education*