title: Rapid identification of a narcotic plant Papaver bracteatum using flow cytometry.
abstract: In May 2011, numerous poppy plants closely resembling Papaver bracteatum Lindl., a type of narcotic plant that is illegal in Japan, were distributed directly from several large flower shops or through online shopping throughout Japan, including the Tokyo Metropolitan area. In order to better identify the narcotic plants, the relative nuclear DNA content at the vegetative stage was measured by flow cytometric (FCM) analysis in 3 closely-related species of the genus Papaver section Oxytona, namely P. orientale, P. pseudo-orientale, and P. bracteatum, based on the difference between the chromosome numbers of these species. The results showed that the nuclear DNA content differed between these 3 species, and that most of the commercially distributed plants examined in this study could be identified as P. bracteatum. The remaining plants were P. pseudo-orientale, a non-narcotic plant. In addition, the FCM results for the identification of P. bracteatum completely agreed with the results obtained by the morphological analysis, the inter-genic spacer sequence of rpl16-rpl14 (PS-ID sequence) of chloroplast DNA, and the presence of thebaine. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of FCM analysis for the identification of P. bracteatum plants, including when they are in their vegetative stage.
authors: Medicinal Plant Garden, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 21-1 Nakajima'cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0033, Japan, Masako_Aragane@member.metro.tokyo.jp.
authors: Masako
authors: M
authors: Aragane
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Watanabe
authors: Jun'ichi
authors: J
authors: Nakajima
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Yoshida
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Yoshizawa
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Abe
authors: Rei
authors: R
authors: Nishiyama
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Suzuki
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Moriyasu
authors: Dai
authors: D
authors: Nakae
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sudo
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Sato
authors: Atuyuki
authors: A
authors: Hishida
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Kawahara
authors: So
authors: S
authors: Makabe
authors: Ikuo
authors: I
authors: Nakamura
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Mii
mesh_terms: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D007564:Japan; D009294:Narcotics / Q000032:analysis; D010207:Papaver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D013797:Thebaine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D009294:Narcotics; D013797:Thebaine