title: Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy of Glioma Vaccines Based on Allo- and Syngeneic Antigens and Distinct Immunological Costimulation Activators.
abstract: The efficacy of a various immunotherapeutic immunisation strategies for malignant glioma brain cancer was evaluated in the syngeneic CNS-1 Lewis rat glioma model. A prototype glioma cancer vaccine, which was composed of multivalent antigens derived from allogeneic and syngeneic cells and lysates, formed the prototype preparation of antigens. These antigens reflect the autologous antigens derived from the patient's surgically removed tumor tissue, as well as allogeneic antigens form glioma tumor tissue surgically removed from donor patients. This antigen mixture provides a broad spectrum of tumor associated antigens (TAA) and helps to prevent escape of tumor immune surveillance when given as a vaccine. This antigen preparation was administered in a therapeutic setting with distinct single or multiple co-stimulation-favouring immunostimulants and evaluated for inhibition of tumor growth. Our prototype vaccine was able to arrest progression of tumor growth when co-delivered in a specific regimen together with the costimulating multi-TLR agonist, Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and interleukin-2, or with the Toll-Like receptor (TLR) 7/8 activator resiquimod.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Arlon Hospital, Arlon, Belgium ; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Apostolos
authors: A
authors: Stathopoulos
authors: Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium.
authors: Chrystel
authors: C
authors: Pretto
authors: Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Devillers
authors: Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium.
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Pierre
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Florence M
authors: FM
authors: Hofman
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Alan L
authors: AL
authors: Epstein
authors: Department of General Surgery, Arlon Hospital, Arlon, Belgium.
authors: Hooman
authors: H
authors: Farghadani
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors: Carol A
authors: CA
authors: Kruse
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, box 113, 5901 E7th St. and Chao Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange CA, USA.
authors: Martin R
authors: MR
authors: Jadus
authors: Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Thomas C
authors: TC
authors: Chen
authors: Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium ; Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Virgil E J C
authors: VE
authors: Schijns