title: N-acetyl-l-cystine (NAC) protects against H9N2 swine influenza virus-induced acute lung injury.
abstract: The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) had been shown to inhibit replication of seasonal human influenza A viruses. Here, the effects of NAC on H9N2 swine influenza virus-induced acute lung injury (ALI) were investigated in mice. BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with 10(7) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID(50)) of A/swine/HeBei/012/2008/(H9N2) viruses with or without NAC treatments to induce ALI model. The result showed that pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, MPO activity, total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL-10 in BALF were attenuated by NAC. Moreover, our data showed that NAC significantly inhibited the levels of TLR4 protein and TLR4 mRNA in the lungs. Pharmacological inhibitors of TLR4 (E5564) exerted similar effects like those determined for NAC in H9N2 swine influenza virus-infected mice. These results suggest that antioxidants like NAC represent a potential additional treatment option that could be considered in the case of an influenza A virus pandemic.
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Rui-Hua
authors: RH
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Chun-Hong
authors: CH
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Cun-Lian
authors: CL
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Ming-Ju
authors: MJ
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China. Electronic address: xutong1966@126.com.
authors: Tong
authors: T
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Wei
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Bao-Jian
authors: BJ
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Guo-Hua
authors: GH
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, PR China.
authors: Shu-Fei
authors: SF
authors: Tian
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D008050:Lipid A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; C404742:E5564; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008050:Lipid A; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D009195:Peroxidase; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Acute lung injury; H9N2 swine influenza virus; N-acetyl-l-cystine (NAC); Toll-like receptor 4