title: Voltage-controlled liquid-crystal terahertz phase shifter with indium-tin-oxide nanowhiskers as transparent electrodes.
abstract: Indium-tin-oxide nanowhiskers were employed as transparent electrodes in a liquid-crystal terahertz phase shifter. Transmittance of the device was as high as ∼75%. Phase shift exceeding π/2 at 1.0 THz is achieved in a ∼500  μm-thick cell. The driving voltage required for the device operating as a quarter-wave plate was as low as 17.68 V (rms), an improvement of nearly an order of magnitude over previous work.
authors: Chan-Shan
authors: CS
authors: Yang
authors: Tsung-Ta
authors: TT
authors: Tang
authors: Po-Han
authors: PH
authors: Chen
authors: Ru-Pin
authors: RP
authors: Pan
authors: Peichen
authors: P
authors: Yu
authors: Ci-Ling
authors: CL
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D050866:Liquid Crystals; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D055096:Optical Devices; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017971:Tin Compounds; C109984:indium tin oxide