title: Early endothelial nitrosylation and increased abdominal adiposity in Wistar rats after long-term consumption of food fried in canola oil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish whether the long-term consumption of reused canola oil contributes to the development of dyslipidemia, obesity, and endothelial function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canola oil was used for one frying cycle (1 FC) of corn flour dough or reused 10 times (10 FC). Rats received chow diet (control) or supplemented with 7% raw oil (RO), 1 FC or 10 FC oil (n = 10 per group). Food consumption, blood pressure (BP), and body weight plasma glucose, plasma lipids were monitored. Vascular reactivity was analyzed using aorta rings stimulated with phenylephrine and acetylcholine. Nitrotyrosine presence in aorta rings was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 10 wk of follow-up, visceral adipose tissue was significantly more abundant in 1 FC (7.4 ± 0.6 g) and 10 FC (8.8 ± 0.7 g) than the RO (5.0 ± 0.2 g; P = 0.05 versus 10 FC group) or control group (2.6 ± 0.3 g; P = 0.05 versus all groups). Despite similar plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and BP among groups, a significantly reduced acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation was observed in the three groups receiving the oil-supplemented diet (47.2% ± 3.6%, 27.2% ± 7.7%, and 25.9% ± 7.6% of relaxation, for the RO, 1 FC, and 10 FC, respectively; P < 0.05 for all versus 62.4% ± 9.7% of the control group). Endothelial dysfunction was concomitant with the presence of nitrotyrosine residues at a higher extent in the groups that received heated oils compared with the RO group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High canola oil intake over 10 wk was associated with increased adipose tissue and early endothelial dysfunction probably induced by peroxinitrite formation. Such deleterious effects were significantly potentiated when the consumed oil had been used repeatedly for frying.
authors: Nephrology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Rocío
authors: R
authors: Bautista
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Carreón-Torres
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Luna-Luna
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Yukari
authors: Y
authors: Komera-Arenas
authors: Nephrology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Martha
authors: M
authors: Franco
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: José-Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Fragoso
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: López-Olmos
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Cruz-Robles
authors: Echocardiography Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Vargas-Barrón
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Vargas-Alarcón
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez," Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico. Electronic address: Opmendez@yahoo.com.
authors: Oscar
authors: O
authors: Pérez-Méndez
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D029741:Brassica rapa; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: Canola oil; Endothelial dysfunction; High-fat diet; Lipoproteins; Nitrotyrosine