title: Aceclofenac-loaded chondroitin sulfate conjugated SLNs for effective management of osteoarthritis.
abstract: Abstract Background: In intra-articular drug delivery, there are number of shortcomings such as lymphatic drainage from the synovial cavity, frequent dosing, adverse side effects and patient discomfort in the management of osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This research work reports the development and characterization of aceclofenac-loaded chondroitin sulfate (CS) conjugated (CS-SLN) and unconjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for the effective management of OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SLNs were prepared using modified solvent injection method and coupled with CS. They were further characterized for size and size distribution, zeta potential, surface morphology, % entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release profile. Anti-inflammatory activity and in vivo performance was also predicted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particle size of the SLN and CS-SLN was found to be 143.4 ± 0.9 nm and 154.2 ± 1.1 nm, respectively. SLNs exhibited sustained drug release (SLN, 64.25 ± 0.75%; CS-SLN, 57.82 ± 0.62%) in vitro for more than 24 h. In vivo performance studies revealed the highest uptake of SLNs by the knee joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLNs enhanced accumulation at the knee joint due to specific interactions with CD44, annexin and leptin receptors attributed to CS coupling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CS-SLN could be potentially effective vector for the treatment or management of OA.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University , Sagar, MP , India.
authors: Mamta
authors: M
authors: Bishnoi
authors: Ankit
authors: A
authors: Jain
authors: Pooja
authors: P
authors: Hurkat
authors: Sanjay K
authors: SK
authors: Jain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D004008:Diclofenac; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C056498:aceclofenac
keywords: Joint; NSAIDs; osteophytes; pain