title: Alleviation of isoproturon toxicity to wheat by exogenous application of glutathione.
abstract: Treatment with the recommended field dose of isoproturon to 7-d-old wheat seedlings significantly decreased shoot height, fresh and dry weights during the subsequent 15days. Meanwhile contents of carotenoids, chlorophylls and anthocyanin as well as activities of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) were significantly inhibited. On the other hand, the herbicide significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), a naturally occurring product of lipid peroxidation and H2O2, while it significantly decreased the contents of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). These findings indicate an induction of a stress status in wheat seedlings following isoproturon treatment. However, exogenous GSH appeared to limit the toxic effects of isoproturon and seemed to overcome this stress status. Most likely, contents of pigment and activities of enzymes were raised to approximate control levels. Moreover, antioxidants were elevated and the oxidative stress indices seemed to be alleviated by GSH application. These results indicate that exogenous GSH enhances enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants to alleviate the effects of isoproturon.
authors: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt. Electronic address: mamnematalla@du.edu.eg.
authors: Mamdouh M
authors: MM
authors: Nemat Alla
authors: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
authors: Nemat M
authors: NM
authors: Hassan
mesh_terms: D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C028904:isoproturon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: GSH; Isoproturon; Oxidative stress; Tolerance; Wheat