title: Stable biocompatible cross-linked fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles based on AIE dye and itaconic anhydride.
abstract: Self-assembly of polymeric materials to form nanoparticles is a particularly promising strategy for various biomedical applications, however, these self-assembling systems often encounter the critical micelle concentration (CMC) issue, as the nanoparticles is usually unstable at low concentration. Therefore, stable cross-linked fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FPNs) were covalently constructed from an aggregation induced emission (AIE) dye, itaconic anhydride, poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacylate and polyethylenimine. These obtained PhE-ITA-20%(80%) FPNs were fully characterized by a series of techniques including (1)H NMR spectra, UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, FT-IR spectra, transmission electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and dynamic light scattering. Such FPNs emitted intense fluorescence due to the introduction of aggregation induced emission dye. More importantly, the FPNs were found extremely stable in physiological solution even below the CMC owing to their cross-linked architectures. Biocompatibility evaluation and cell uptake behavior of the FPNs were further investigated to explore their potential biomedical applications, the demonstrated excellent biocompatibility made them promising for cell imaging.
authors: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
authors: Haiyin
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China. Electronic address: sychyzhang@126.com.
authors: Xiqi
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors: Xiaoyong
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China. Electronic address: weiyen@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors: Yen
authors: Y
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000812:Anhydrides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013386:Succinates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000812:Anhydrides; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers; D013386:Succinates; C005229:itaconic acid
keywords: Aggregation-induced emission; Cell imaging; Critical micelle concentration; Cross-linked polymeric fluorescent nanoparticles; Itaconic anhydride