title: The microbial detection array for detection of emerging viruses in clinical samples--a useful panmicrobial diagnostic tool.
abstract: Emerging viruses are usually endemic to tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, but increased global travel, climate change and changes in lifestyle are believed to contribute to the spread of these viruses into new regions. Many of these viruses cause similar disease symptoms as other emerging viruses or common infections, making these unexpected pathogens difficult to diagnose. Broad-spectrum pathogen detection microarrays containing probes for all sequenced viruses and bacteria can provide rapid identification of viruses, guiding decisions about treatment and appropriate case management. We report a modified Whole Transcriptome Amplification (WTA) method that increases unbiased amplification, particular of RNA viruses. Using this modified WTA method, we tested the specificity and sensitivity of the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA) against a wide range of emerging viruses present in both non-clinical and clinical samples using two different microarray data analysis methods.
authors: Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Maiken W
authors: MW
authors: Rosenstierne
authors: Global Security, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America.
authors: Kevin S
authors: KS
authors: McLoughlin
authors: Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Majken Lindholm
authors: ML
authors: Olesen
authors: Department of Microbiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Papa
authors: Global Security, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America.
authors: Shea N
authors: SN
authors: Gardner
authors: Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Engler
authors: Virology department, French Army Forces Biomedical Institute (IRBA), Marseille, France.
authors: Sebastien
authors: S
authors: Plumet
authors: Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Mirazimi
authors: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Weidmann
authors: Centre for Biosafety, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Niedrig
authors: Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Fomsgaard
authors: Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Erlandsson
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D012333:RNA, Messenger