title: Brain tumours and cigarette smoking: analysis of the INTERPHONE Canada case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is conflicting evidence regarding the associations between cigarette smoking and glioma or meningioma. Our purpose is to provide further evidence on these possible associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a set of case-control studies in three Canadian cities, Montreal, Ottawa and Vancouver. The study included 166 subjects with glioma, 93 subjects with meningioma, and 648 population-based controls. A lifetime history of cigarette smoking was collected and various smoking indices were computed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) between smoking and each of the two types of brain tumours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted ORs between smoking and each type of brain tumour were not significantly elevated for all smokers combined or for smokers with over 15 pack-years ((packs / day) x years) accumulated. We tested for interactions between smoking and several sociodemographic variables; the interaction between smoking and education on glioma risk was significant, with smoking showing an elevated OR among subjects with lower education and an OR below unity among subjects with higher education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for an unexplained and possibly artefactual excess risk in one population subgroup, we found little or no evidence of an association between smoking and either glioma or meningioma.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Vida
authors: Lesley
authors: L
authors: Richardson
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Cardis
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Krewski
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: McBride
authors: Marie-Elise
authors: ME
authors: Parent
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Abrahamowicz
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Leffondré
authors: Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada. j.siemiatycki@umontreal.ca.
authors: Jack
authors: J
authors: Siemiatycki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires