title: Null association between vitamin D and PSA levels among black men in a vitamin D supplementation trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black men exhibit a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as well as a higher incidence of prostate cancer and higher mortality rates from prostate cancer than Whites. There are few data about the effect of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in healthy Black men.
  
  
  METHODS
  During three winters from 2007 to 2010, 105 Black men (median age, 48.9 years) of Boston, MA were randomized into a four-arm, double-blind trial for 3 months of placebo, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 U of vitamin D3. At baseline and 3 months, free and total PSA was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With vitamin D supplementation, no significant differences in free and total PSA were observed; free PSA, -0.0004 ng/mL (P = 0.94) and total PSA, -0.004 ng/mL (P = 0.92) for each additional 1,000 U/d of vitamin D3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within an unselected population of healthy Black men without a cancer diagnosis, we found no effect of vitamin D supplementation on free or total PSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support prior findings of no change in PSA with vitamin D supplementation and emphasize the need for new methods to assess the influence of vitamin D supplementation on prostate cancer prevention.
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. pchandler@partners.org.
authors: Paulette D
authors: PD
authors: Chandler
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors: Edward L
authors: EL
authors: Giovannucci
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors: Jamil B
authors: JB
authors: Scott
authors: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
authors: Gary G
authors: GG
authors: Bennett
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Kimmie
authors: K
authors: Ng
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Andrew T
authors: AT
authors: Chan
authors: Division of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors: Bruce W
authors: BW
authors: Hollis
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Karen M
authors: KM
authors: Emmons
authors: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Charles S
authors: CS
authors: Fuchs
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors: Bettina F
authors: BF
authors: Drake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen