title: Simultaneous determination of polar pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biological organs and tissues.
abstract: In the present study, a sensitive and accurate isotope dilution method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 17 polar pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) residues (logKow=1.40-5.74), including 14 pharmaceuticals and 3 personal care products, in biological organs and tissues. The proposed method involved enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by sequential clean-up using silica gel chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, and analysis via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This method yielded acceptable absolute recoveries (48-88%) and internal standard-corrected recoveries (90-130%) for 17 PPCPs. Method detection limits were between 0.0092 and 3.2ngg(-1) wet weight, and the limits of quantification were between 0.020 and 8.7ngg(-1) wet weight. The method can be used to readily detect the target compounds at trace levels while minimizing the required sample volume. The developed method was applied to the determination of 17 PPCPs in the liver and kidney of 17 birds collected from Japan and also in the plasma, liver, and brain of 7 cyprinoid fish from an effluent-dominated stream in Japan. Triclosan was detected in 5 of 11 fish-eating birds but not in non-fish-eating birds, suggesting the contamination of prey fish by the chemical. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial agents, and psychotropic agents were frequently detected in the fish tissues. In addition, 7 of the target compounds were found in fish brain. The median brain/plasma ratios of the psychotropic agents ranged from 1.6 (carbamazepine) to 12 (diphenhydramine), indicating high transportability to fish brain.
authors: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors: Rumi
authors: R
authors: Tanoue
authors: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan. Electronic address: keinomi@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Nomiyama
authors: Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
authors: Haruna
authors: H
authors: Nakamura
authors: Tochigi Prefectural Museum, 2-2 Mutsumi-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0865, Japan.
authors: Terutake
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Monitoring and Analysis Division, Seamangeum Regional Environmental Office, 100 Seogok-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-870, South Korea.
authors: Joon-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors: Tomohiko
authors: T
authors: Isobe
authors: Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
authors: Ryota
authors: R
authors: Shinohara
authors: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Birds; Brain; Fish; Liver; Personal care products; Pharmaceuticals