title: Mortality inequality in populations with equal life expectancy: Arriaga's decomposition method in SAS, Stata, and Excel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Life expectancy is used to measure population health, but large differences in mortality can be masked even when there is no life expectancy gap. We demonstrate how Arriaga's decomposition method can be used to assess inequality in mortality between populations with near equal life expectancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We calculated life expectancy at birth for Quebec and the rest of Canada from 2005 to 2009 using life tables and partitioned the gap between both populations into age and cause-specific components using Arriaga's method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The life expectancy gap between Quebec and Canada was negligible (<0.1 years). Decomposition of the gap showed that higher lung cancer mortality in Quebec was offset by cardiovascular mortality in the rest of Canada, resulting in identical life expectancy in both groups. Lung cancer in Quebec had a greater impact at early ages, whereas cardiovascular mortality in Canada had a greater impact at older ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the absence of a gap, we demonstrate using decomposition analyses how lung cancer at early ages lowered life expectancy in Quebec, whereas cardiovascular causes at older ages lowered life expectancy in Canada. We provide SAS/Stata code and an Excel spreadsheeet to facilitate application of Arriaga's method to other settings.
authors: Analyse de la santé et des inégalités sociales et territoriales, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada; Axe Risques à la santé, Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: nathalie.auger@inspq.qc.ca.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Auger
authors: Institut de Démographie de l'Université Paris 1, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France.
authors: Pascaline
authors: P
authors: Feuillet
authors: Analyse de la santé et des inégalités sociales et territoriales, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Martel
authors: Analyse de la santé et des inégalités sociales et territoriales, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors: Ernest
authors: E
authors: Lo
authors: Analyse de la santé et des inégalités sociales et territoriales, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada.
authors: Amadou D
authors: AD
authors: Barry
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors: Sam
authors: S
authors: Harper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000208:ethnology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Demography; Inequality; Life expectancy; Mortality; Tobacco