title: Perception of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons in relation to the harmony of the smile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Harmony is one of the main objectives in surgical and orthodontic treatment and this harmony must be present in the smile, as well as in the face. The aim of the present study was to assess the perceptions of professionals and laypersons in relation to the harmony of the smile of patients with or without vertical maxillary alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty observers (oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons) reported the degree of harmony of six smiles using an objective questionnaire and the participants indicated if there was a need for corrective surgery or not. The classification of observers was recorded on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Mixed regression was used to determine differences between the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found only for the harmony of the smile between the oral and maxillofacial surgeons and laypersons, with laypersons being more critical when assessing the smile. There was no statistical difference between the other groups for the harmony of the smile or the indication of corrective surgery. The patterns of greater or lesser harmony determined by observers during the smile were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laypersons had a tendency to be more critical in relation to facial harmony than surgeons, although no statistical differences were found in the other groups in relation to the harmony of the smile or indication for the corrective surgery. In addition, the patterns of greater or lesser harmony of the smile determined by the participants were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Overall, the present study demonstrates that adequate interaction between surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons is essential in order to achieve facial harmony with orthodontic and/or surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opinion of specialists and laypersons about the smile in relation to the vertical positioning of the maxilla.
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil. Electronic address: andrezzalauria@gmail.com.
authors: Andrezza
authors: A
authors: Lauria
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
authors: Danillo Costa
authors: DC
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
authors: Raquel Correia
authors: RC
authors: de Medeiros
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
authors: Roger William Fernandes
authors: RW
authors: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000523:psychology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000066794:Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons / Q000523:psychology*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000523:psychology; D000066792:Orthodontists / Q000523:psychology*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology; D012904:Smiling; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Harmony; Maxilla; Perception; Smile; Vertical deficiency; Vertical excess