title: Cytotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and α-zearalenol: effects of individual and combined treatment.
abstract: This study investigated the cytotoxicity of combined mycotoxins of ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and/or α-zearalenol (α-ZOL). The cytotoxicity of two mycotoxin combinations (two two-toxin combinations and one three-toxin combination) on human Hep G2 cells was evaluated using a tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay and isobologram analysis. Our results demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects of the two-toxin combination and the three-toxin combination on Hep G2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The combination indexes (CI) were 2.73-7.67 for the OTA+ZEA combination and 1.23-17.82 for the OTA+α-ZOL combination after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure at all inhibit concentration (IC) levels (IC10-IC90), indicating an antagonism. The CIs of the ZEA+α-ZOL combination were 1.29-2.55 after 24 h and 72 h of exposure (IC10-IC90), indicating an antagonism. The CIs of the ZEA+α-ZOL combination were 0.74-1.68 after 48 h of exposure, indicating synergism (IC80-IC90), additive effects (IC50-IC70), or antagonism (IC10-IC40). For the OTA+ZEA+α-ZOL combination, the CIs were 1.41-14.65 after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure (IC10-IC90), indicating an antagonism.
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: H W
authors: HW
authors: Wang
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: J Q
authors: JQ
authors: Wang
authors: Tangshan Livestock and Aquatic Products Quality Monitoring Center, Tangshan 06300, PR China.
authors: B Q
authors: BQ
authors: Zheng
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Li
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Y D
authors: YD
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
authors: F D
authors: FD
authors: Li
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: wang-jia-qi@126.com.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Zheng
mesh_terms: D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015029:Zeranol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C029659:zearalenol; C025589:ochratoxin A; D015025:Zearalenone; D015029:Zeranol
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Hep G2; Isobologram; Ochratoxin A; Zearalenone; α-Zearalenol