title: Perioperative psychological and music interventions in elderly patients undergoing spinal anesthesia: effect on anxiety, heart rate variability, and postoperative pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative psychological and music interventions in elderly patients undergoing elective surgery on anxiety, post-operative pain, and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) to ascertain if perioperative psychological and music interventions can affect overall anxiety levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized to two groups; one group received psychological and music intervention, and the other was the control. The intervention group underwent psychological intervention and listening to music for 30 min before surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean change in HRV as determined by low frequency (LF) power measurements. After the intervention, the ratio of mean LF to high frequency (HF) power decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to before the intervention (p<0.05). In the control group, mean LF measurements and the ratio of LF:HF did not change significantly. In the intervention group, mean HF power was significantly higher after the procedure than before (p<0.01). Moreover, the mean self-rating anxiety score of the intervention group decreased after the procedure compared to before (p<0.05). The mean visual analogue score of the intervention group 6 hours after surgery was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative psychological and music interventions can reduce anxiety and postoperative pain in elderly patients.
authors: Department of Neurology, Shenzhou Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China. liyanghappydays@163.com.
authors: Yisha
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors: Youjing
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods
keywords: Psychological interventions; elderly patient; heart rate variability; music interventions; postoperative pain; spinal anesthesia