title: Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory action of chemo-mechanical caries-removal agents against oral cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemo-mechanical caries removal eliminates the outermost portion of the infected layer, leaving behind healthy dentine surfaces, with scarce dental tissue damage; however, the safety of caries solvents has not been established. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible cytotoxicity of two popular chemo-mechanical caries removal agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxicity of Carisolv, Papacarie Duo and control vehicle solution (0.155-20% v/v) against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HCS-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, Ca9-22) human gingival fibroblast (HGF), pulp (HPC) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in fine cell structure were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carisolv exhibited neither cytotoxicity nor hormetic growth stimulation. Papacarie Duo significantly reduced the viable cell number within 30 min. HSC-4 exhibited the highest sensitivity, followed by HSC-2>HSC-3>HPLF>Ca9-22>HPC>HGF cells. Interleukin-1β (3 ng/ml) stimulated HGF, but not HPC cells to produce PGE2 in the culture medium. Papacarie Duo stimulated HGF cells to produce PGE2 in synergistic fashion with interleukin-1β.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carisolv had acceptable biocompatibility with both normal and cancerous oral cells. On the other hand, Papacarie Duo had a rapid but slight cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory action against oral cells, suggesting the importance of careful application of this agent.
authors: Dental and Advanced Studies Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp dentist.garcia@gmail.com.
authors: Rene
authors: R
authors: Garcia-Contreras
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.
authors: Rogelio J
authors: RJ
authors: Scougall-Vilchis
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.
authors: Rosalia
authors: R
authors: Contreras-Bulnes
authors: Department of Electron Microscopy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Yumiko
authors: Y
authors: Kanda
authors: Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Nakajima
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp dentist.garcia@gmail.com.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sakagami
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005782:Gels; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D008239:Lysine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D010206:Papain
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; C119934:Carisolv; D005782:Gels; C509557:Papacarie; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C018172:GK 101E; D010206:Papain; D007930:Leucine; D008239:Lysine; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Chemo-mechanical caries removal agents; PGE2 production; cytotoxicity; oral cells