title: The complete mitogenome of Apocheima cinerarius (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) and comparison with that of other lepidopteran insects.
abstract: The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of a female flightless geometrid moth Apocheima cinerarius was found to be 15,722 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a control region. The A+T content of the complete mitogenome is 80.83%. The AT skew value ([A-T]/[A+T]) is 0.027. The 13 PCGs of the mitogenome start with typical ATN codons, except for cox1 with the start codon CGA. All the tRNA genes have typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnSer(AGN). The secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS were predicted. Six structural domains including conserved regions (IV, V) and variable regions (I, II, III, VI) were identified in the secondary structure of rrnL. The secondary structure of rrnS consists of 3 structural domains. The control region of A. cinerarius begins with conserved motifs of "ATAGA"+19-bp poly T. It also contains a microsatellite-like (TA)26, a stem-and-loop structure, and a poly-A stretch. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Geometroidea is more closely related to Bombycoidea than to Noctuoidea. A. cinerarius is more closely related to Biston panterinaria than to Phthonandria atrilineata, which is in accordance with the conventional morphology-based classification.
authors: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: liushuxian@ioz.ac.cn.
authors: Shuxian
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: xuedy@ioz.ac.cn.
authors: Dayong
authors: D
authors: Xue
authors: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Cheng
authors: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: hanhx@ioz.ac.cn.
authors: Hongxiang
authors: H
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D017344:Genes, Insect; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012343:RNA, Transfer
keywords: Apocheima cinerarius; Mitochondrial genome; Phylogeny; Secondary structure