title: Menopausal symptoms in an intercultural context: a comparison between German women, Chinese women and migrant Chinese women using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS II).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  What are the differences between the occurrence of menopausal symptoms in German women, migrant Chinese women in Germany and Chinese women in their native country? Can these potential discrepancies be explained by sociocultural differences? What are the differences in menopausal symptoms in connection with the consumption of soya?
  Cross-sectional study 2005-2008. Survey of three groups of women aged between 45 and 60 years (native German women in Berlin, migrant Chinese women in several German cities, Chinese women in Beijing) with an evaluated set of questionnaires surveying socio-demographic data, use of hormone therapy, migration/acculturation, MRS II and other areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,109 questionnaires were sent out and a 41 % response rate was achieved, although this varied greatly across the three individual study groups. The results of the MRS II factor analysis were almost identical for German women and migrant Chinese women, but there were some differences in content compared to the Chinese study group. Chinese women surveyed in Beijing reported severe symptoms significantly less frequently in all three symptom groups (factors) of MRS II than the German women and the migrant Chinese women, but the values from the German women and migrant Chinese women surveyed are relatively similar. In all three study groups there are no significant differences in the stated severity of the symptoms, regardless of whether soya is consumed frequently or less frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The question whether the differences found are solely cultural or migration-related must be examined in further studies. The special experiences and situation in life of migrant women should be taken into particular account by attending physicians during the care and treatment of women in this phase of life.
authors: Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Grete
authors: G
authors: Hinrichsen
authors: Klaus-D
authors: KD
authors: Wernecke
authors: Adelheid
authors: A
authors: Schalinski
authors: Theda
authors: T
authors: Borde
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: David
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001604:Berlin / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000523:psychology; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*