title: Towards tender X-rays with Zernike phase-contrast imaging of biological samples at 50 nm resolution.
abstract: X-ray microscopy is a commonly used method especially in material science application, where the large penetration depth of X-rays is necessary for three-dimensional structural studies of thick specimens with high-Z elements. In this paper it is shown that full-field X-ray microscopy at 6.2 keV can be utilized for imaging of biological specimens with high resolution. A full-field Zernike phase-contrast microscope based on diffractive optics is used to study lipid droplet formation in hepatoma cells. It is shown that the contrast of the images is comparable with that of electron microscopy, and even better contrast at tender X-ray energies between 2.5 keV and 4 keV is expected.
authors: Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: Ismo
authors: I
authors: Vartiainen
authors: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Warmer
authors: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Goeries
authors: Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Herker
authors: Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Rudolph
authors: R
authors: Reimer
authors: Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: David
authors: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Alke
authors: A
authors: Meents
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*
keywords: X-ray microscopy; Zernike phase contrast; biological samples