title: Convergence of ubiquitylation and phosphorylation signaling in rapamycin-treated yeast cells.
abstract: The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase senses the availability of nutrients and coordinates cellular growth and proliferation with nutrient abundance. Inhibition of TOR mimics nutrient starvation and leads to the reorganization of many cellular processes, including autophagy, protein translation, and vesicle trafficking. TOR regulates cellular physiology by modulating phosphorylation and ubiquitylation signaling networks; however, the global scope of such regulation is not fully known. Here, we used a mass-spectrometry-based proteomics approach for the parallel quantification of ubiquitylation, phosphorylation, and proteome changes in rapamycin-treated yeast cells. Our data constitute a detailed proteomic analysis of rapamycin-treated yeast with 3590 proteins, 8961 phosphorylation sites, and 2299 di-Gly modified lysines (putative ubiquitylation sites) quantified. The phosphoproteome was extensively modulated by rapamycin treatment, with more than 900 up-regulated sites one hour after rapamycin treatment. Dynamically regulated phosphoproteins were involved in diverse cellular processes, prominently including transcription, membrane organization, vesicle-mediated transport, and autophagy. Several hundred ubiquitylation sites were increased after rapamycin treatment, and about half as many decreased in abundance. We found that proteome, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation changes converged on the Rsp5-ubiquitin ligase, Rsp5 adaptor proteins, and Rsp5 targets. Putative Rsp5 targets were biased for increased ubiquitylation, suggesting activation of Rsp5 by rapamycin. Rsp5 adaptor proteins, which recruit target proteins for Rsp5-dependent ubiquitylation, were biased for increased phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that permeases and transporters, which are often ubiquitylated by Rsp5, were biased for reduced ubiquitylation and reduced protein abundance. The convergence of multiple proteome-level changes on the Rsp5 system indicates a key role of this pathway in the response to rapamycin treatment. Collectively, these data reveal new insights into the global proteome dynamics in response to rapamycin treatment and provide a first detailed view of the co-regulation of phosphorylation- and ubiquitylation-dependent signaling networks by this compound.
authors: From the ‡Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Vytautas
authors: V
authors: Iesmantavicius
authors: From the ‡Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Brian T
authors: BT
authors: Weinert
authors: From the ‡Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark chuna.choudhary@cpr.ku.dk.
authors: Chunaram
authors: C
authors: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; C469287:RSP5 protein, S cerevisiae; D020123:Sirolimus