title: Landmarks in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: Bladder cancer is divided into two entities: non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer. NMIBC represents 75% of primary diagnoses and is characterized by frequent recurrence but a low risk of mortality. Throughout urological history, significant progress in detection, diagnosis, and treatment of NMIBC has been made. However, bladder cancer remains a heterogeneous disease with varying pathology, molecular background, diagnostic options, and subsequent therapies for the individual patient. Although significant progress has been made over the years, the improvement of bladder cancer outcomes remains the goal of future research.
authors: Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Laura S
authors: LS
authors: Mertens
authors: Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yveline, 92150 Suresnes, France.
authors: Yann
authors: Y
authors: Neuzillet
authors: Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Horenblas
authors: Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Bas W G
authors: BW
authors: van Rhijn
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents