title: The effects of mouth rinses on the color stability of resin-based restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the color stability of three direct resin-based restorative materials: IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Nano-filled composite (Filtek Z 350 XT, 3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and Nano-hybrid composite (Tetric Evo Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) upon immersion into the following three mouth rinses: Antiseptol (Kahira Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries Co. Cairo-Egypt), Flucal (Alexandria Co. Pharmaceuticals Alexandria, Egypt), and Listerine (Johnson & Johnson, UK).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety disc-shaped, 12 mm × 1 mm specimens were divided into three groups according to the type of direct resin-based restorative material used. The specimens were randomly subdivided into three different subgroups (N = 10) in terms of immersion medium. Color change was evaluated prior to and after immersion into the mouth rinses for 24 hours by spectrophotometry (Shimadzu, UV-3101 PC Shimadzu Corporation. Kyoto, Japan).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the color stability of the restorative materials. The post hoc Scheffe's test was applied to clarify pair-wise statistical significance. Results with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. IPS Empress Direct (ΔE = 1.48) exhibited more favorable stability than the other tested composite resins, Filtek Z 350 X (ΔE = 3.05) and Tetric Evo Ceram (ΔE = 10.35). The immersion media elicited a significant effect on the color stability of the tested, resin-based restorative materials, where Flucal elicited the most significant color change, followed by Listerine and Antiseptol, which elicited the least significant color change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitation of this laboratory study, the following conclusions could be drawn: (1) The composite structure, namely the resin formulation, which includes the filler size and type of photo-initiator, has a direct impact on its susceptibility to stain by external agents; (2) Mouth rinses can be considered stainable solutions; (3) The chemical formulation of individual mouth rinses can significantly control their ability to stain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient use of mouth rinses should be subject to dental supervision to control their adverse effects on the aesthetic quality of the restoration. Knowing the composition of the restorative material is important, as is its polymerization cycle and the promotion of adequate surface texture in order to select the appropriate material for each clinical application, and to use it in an effective way to promote its best properties.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors: Abeer El-Sayed
authors: Ael-S
authors: ElEmbaby
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D009067:Mouthwashes; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D009067:Mouthwashes