title: Institutional practices and policies in acid-base testing: a self reported Croatian survey study on behalf of the Croatian society of medical biochemistry and laboratory medicine Working Group for acid-base balance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this survey study was to assess the current practices and policies in use related to the various steps in the blood gas testing process, across hospital laboratories in Croatia.
  
  
  METHODS
  First questionnaire was sent by email to all medical biochemistry laboratories (N = 104) within general, specialized and clinical hospitals and university hospital centres to identify laboratories which perform blood gas analysis. Second questionnaire with detailed questions about sample collection, analysis and quality control procedures, was sent only to 47 laboratories identified by the first survey. Questionnaire was designed as combination of questions and statements with Likert scale. Third questionnaire was sent to all participating laboratories (N=47) for additional clarification for either indeterminate or unclear answers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood gas analysis is performed in 47/104 hospital laboratories in Croatia. In 25/41 (0.61) of the laboratories capillary blood gas sampling is the preferred sample type for adult patient population, whereas arterial blood sample is preferentially used in only 5/44 laboratories (0.11). Blood sampling and sample processing for capillary samples is done almost always by laboratory technicians (36/41 and 37/44, respectively), whereas arterial blood sampling is almost always done by the physician (24/29) and only rarely by a nurse (5/28). Sample acceptance criteria and sample analysis are in accordance with international recommendations for majority of laboratories. 43/44 laboratories participate in the national EQA program. POCT analyzers are installed outside of the laboratory in 20/47 (0.43) institutions. Laboratory staff is responsible for education and training of ward personnel, quality control and instrument maintenance in only 12/22, 11/20 and 9/20 institutions, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practices related to collection and analysis for blood gases in Croatia are not standardised and vary substantially between laboratories. POCT analyzers are not under the direct supervision by laboratory personnel in a large proportion of surveyed institutions. Collective efforts should be made to harmonize and improve policies and procedures related to blood gas testing in Croatian laboratories.
authors: University Department of Chemistry, Medical School University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors: Lora
authors: L
authors: Dukić
authors: Ana-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Simundić
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000458:organization & administration; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D017523:Croatia; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011786:Quality Control; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires