title: Implementation of a community greenhouse in a remote, sub-Arctic First Nations community in Ontario, Canada: a descriptive case study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food insecurity is prevalent in northern communities in Canada and there is a movement to improve food security through both the re-vitalization of traditional harvesting practices as well as through sustainable agriculture initiatives. Gardening in northern communities can be difficult and may be aided by a community greenhouse. The objective of this project was to conduct a descriptive case study of the context and process surrounding the implementation of a community greenhouse in a remote, sub-Arctic First Nations community in Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data sources included semi-directed interviews with a purposive and snowball sample of key informants (n=14), direct observations (n=32 days), written documentation (n=107), and photo-documentation (n=621 total). Digital photographs were taken by both a university investigator during community visits and a community investigator throughout the entire project. The case study was carried out over 33 months; from early 2009 until October of 2011. Thematic data analyses were conducted and followed a categorical aggregation approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Categories emerging from the data were appointed gardening-related themes: seasons, fertile ground, sustainability, gardeners, ownership, participant growth, and sunshine. Local champions were critical to project success. Uncertainty was expressed by several participants regarding ownership of the greenhouse; the local community members who championed the project had to emphasize, repeatedly, that it was community owned. Positive outcomes included the involvement of many community members, a host of related activities, and that the greenhouse has been a learning opportunity to gain knowledge about growing plants in a northern greenhouse setting. A strength of the project was that many children participated in greenhouse activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community and school greenhouse projects require local champions to be successful. It is important to establish guidelines around ownership of a greenhouse and suitable procedures for making the building accessible to everyone without compromising security. Implementing a greenhouse project can engage community members, including children, and provide a great learning opportunity for gardeners in a remote, northern community.
authors: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. kellyskinner@gmail.com.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Skinner
authors: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. rhanning@uwaterloo.ca.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Hanning
authors: Peetabeck Academy, Fort Albany, Ontario, Canada. joanmetat@hotmail.com.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Metatawabin
authors: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. ljtsuji@uwaterloo.ca.
authors: L J S
authors: LJ
authors: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000379:methods*; D051639:Gardening / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D012621:Seasons; D014887:Weather