title: Rhein induces a necrosis-apoptosis switch in pancreatic acinar cells.
abstract: Objectives. The Chinese herbal medicine Da-Cheng-Qi decoction can regulate a necrosis-apoptosis switch in injured pancreatic acinar cells. This study investigated the effects of rhein, a component of this medicine, on a necrosis-apoptosis switch in pancreatic rat AR42J cells. Methods. Cerulein-treated AR42J cells were used. After pretreatment with 479, 119.8, or 29.9  μ g/L rhein, cells were cocultured with rhein and cerulein (10(-8) M) for 4, 8, or 16 h. Apoptosis and necrosis were examined using annexin V and propidium iodide costaining. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-associated proteins were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting. Results. Few cells died in untreated samples. The number was significantly higher in 16-h-cerulein-treated samples and treatment with 479  μ g/L rhein most effectively increased the apoptotic-to-necrotic cell ratio (P < 0.05). In cerulein-treated cells, rhein increased the concentrations of p53, cytochrome C, and caspase-3, and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with the maximum effect in cells treated with 479  μ g/L rhein for 16 h (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Rhein induces the necrosis-apoptosis switch in injured pancreatic acinar cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways might play an important role in this effect.
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Xianlin
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Shifeng
authors: S
authors: Zhu
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Yiling
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Jianlei
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Meihua
authors: M
authors: Wan
authors: Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Wenfu
authors: W
authors: Tang