title: Congenital malformations of pediatric surgical interest: prevalence, risk factors, and prenatal diagnosis between 2005 and 2012 in the capital city of a developing country. Bogotá, Colombia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital anomalies (CAs) cause nearly one third of infant deaths worldwide. Various surveillance systems have been established, such as the Bogota Congenital Malformations Surveillance Program (BCMSP). Some CAs are of special interest to pediatric surgeons: omphalocele, gastroschisis, intestinal and esophageal atresia, anorectal malformations, vascular anomalies, diaphragmatic hernias, hypospadias and cryptorchidism. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of such CAs, and identify possible risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the BCMSP were collected between January 2005 and April 2012. CAs were classified in accordance with the ICD-10 and grouped for analysis purposes. Data on CA frequencies were obtained from the BCMSP. Association analyses were performed using the case-control methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  282,523 births were registered. 4682 (1.66%) had one or more CAs at birth. The prevalence of CAs requiring pediatric surgery was 1 in 1000. The most frequent CAs were vascular anomalies, hypospadias, and anorectal malformations. Exposure to external factors was significantly associated with selected CAs. 51% of selected birth defects were not diagnosed in prenatal ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of evaluating the local prevalence of congenital malformations. We propose the creation of specialized centers in Bogota to manage patients with CAs.
authors: Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia. Electronic address: catalina.correa11@gmail.com.
authors: Catalina
authors: C
authors: Correa
authors: Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá Colombia.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Mallarino
authors: Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Peña
authors: Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Luis Carlos
authors: LC
authors: Rincón
authors: Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Gracia
authors: Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá Colombia; Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Zarante
mesh_terms: D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
keywords: Birth defects; Congenital anomalies; ECLAMC; Pediatric surgery; Prevalence; Surveillance