title: Membrane-integrated hybrid system for the effective treatment of ammoniacal wastewater of coke-making plant: a volume reduction approach.
abstract: Nanofiltration (NF) of ammoniacal wastewater containing phenol and cyanide has been investigated for effective separation of these hazardous pollutants and for the subsequent downstream chemical treatment resulting in valuable by-product generation. Four different types of composite polyamide commercial NF membranes (Sepro, USA) were tested under different operating conditions including transmembrane pressure and recovery rate (RR). At a transmembrane pressure of 15 bar, the achieved rejection of cyanide and phenol were 95% and 93%, respectively (concentrated stream) when the permeate contained 85% of ammonium-N. A high flux of 120 L m-2 h-1 was achieved during NF at a concentrated mode, with a volumetric cross-flow rate of 800 L h-1 at a pH of 10.0. The RR was 60% for the NF 1 membrane. Fenton's reagents (7.0 and 3.75 g L-1 H202 and FeSO4 . 7H20, respectively) were used to degrade more than 99% of pollutants present in the concentrated stream. In the permeate side, 97% of NH4+ -N was precipitated out as struvite by using Mg2+ : NH4 : PO+4 in 1:1:1 molar ratio at pH 9.0.
authors: Ramesh
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Parimal
authors: P
authors: Pal
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003486:Cyanides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019800:Phenol / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D003486:Cyanides; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019800:Phenol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron