title: [Surveillance of healthcare associated infections, bacterial resistance and antibiotic consumption in high-complexity hospitals in Colombia, 2011].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preventing healthcare associated infections, especially for resistant microorganisms, is a priority. In Colombia, the surveillance of such events was started through a national pilot study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiology of device-associated infections, bacterial resistance and antibiotic consumption patterns in institutions with intensive care units (ICU), 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive observational study in 10 health institutions from three Colombian provinces: Antioquia, Valle del Cauca, and Bogotá. Surveillance protocols were designed and implemented by trained health professionals in each hospital. A web tool was designed for data reporting and analysis. Infection rates, device-use percentages and antibiotics defined daily dose (DDD) were calculated. Bacterial resistance phenotypes and profiles were reported and analyzed using Whonet 5.6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common event was bloodstream infection (rate > 4.8/1000 catheter-days) followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-related urinary tract infection, showing a wide variability among institutions. A high consumption of meropenem in the ICU (DDD 22.5/100 beds-day) was observed, as well as a high carbapenem resistance (> 11.6%) and a high frequency of third generation cephalosporins resistance (> 25.6%) in Enterobacteriaceae in ICUs and hospitalization wards. The percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was higher in hospitalization wards (34.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first experience in measuring these events in Colombia. It is necessary to implement a national surveillance system aimed at guiding governmental and institutional actions oriented to infection prevention and control, to resistance management and to the promotion of antibiotics rational use, along with a follow-up and monitoring process.
authors: Equipo Funcional Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
authors: Andrea Patricia
authors: AP
authors: Villalobos
authors: Equipo Funcional Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
authors: Liliana Isabel
authors: LI
authors: Barrero
authors: Equipo Funcional Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
authors: Sandra Milena
authors: SM
authors: Rivera
authors: Equipo Funcional Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
authors: María Victoria
authors: MV
authors: Ovalle
authors: Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis del Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
authors: Danik
authors: D
authors: Valera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010362:Patients' Rooms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents