title: The effect of an outdoor activities' intervention delivered by older volunteers on the quality of life of older people with severe mobility limitations: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Older community-living disabled people often have unmet activity needs and participation restrictions potentially reducing their quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of an individualized out-of-home activity intervention delivered by volunteers on QoL among community-living older people, who have difficulty accessing the outdoors independently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteering, Access to Outdoor Activities and Wellbeing in Older People (VOW; ISRCTN56847832) was a two-arm randomized single-blinded, controlled effectiveness trial (RCT) in Jyväskylä, Finland. The inclusion criteria were: age 65 or over, severe mobility limitation, able to communicate, and agree to participate in a RCT. Each intervention group member was assigned a trained volunteer with whom out-of-home activities were done once a week for 3 months (e.g., running errands or recreational activities). The primary outcome was the environmental subscore of QoL assessed with WHOQOL-BREF. Secondary outcomes were the overall QoL, physical capacity, psychological well-being, and social relationships assessed with WHOQOL_BREF and lower-extremity performance assessed with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  121 people aged 67-92 years (mean age 81.9 years, SD 5.9, 90 % women) were randomized. No treatment effect on the environmental QoL subscore was observed, but for physical capacity subscore a significant treatment effect was observed (General Linear Model, Group by Time p = 0.001). No effects were observed for the other QoL subscores or for SPPB score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that individualized out-of-home activity intervention delivered by volunteers may influence the QoL of old severely mobility-limited community-living people in a positive way.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies are needed to better understand how to improve QoL of older disabled community-living people and potentially buffer them against more severe care needs and institutionalization.
authors: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. BOX 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland, taina.rantanen@jyu.fi.
authors: Taina
authors: T
authors: Rantanen
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Äyräväinen
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Eronen
authors: Tiinamari
authors: T
authors: Lyyra
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Törmäkangas
authors: Marja
authors: M
authors: Vaarama
authors: Merja
authors: M
authors: Rantakokko
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D011788:Quality of Life; D011998:Recreation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014838:Volunteers