title: Ultrasonic extraction of antioxidants from Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) fruit using response surface methodology and their characterization.
abstract: For the first time, response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidants from Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) fruits. Initially, influencing factors such as liquid-solid ratio, duration of ultrasonic assisted extraction, pH range, extraction temperature and ethanol concentration were identified using single-factor experiments. Then, with respect to the three most significant influencing factors, the extraction process focusing on the DPPH· scavenging capacity of antioxidants was optimized using RSM. Results showed that the optimal conditions for antioxidant extraction were 13.03:1 (mL/g) liquid-solid ratio, 16.86 min extraction time and 40.51% (v/v) ethanol, and the desirability was 0.681. The UPLC-ESI-MS analysis results revealed eleven kinds of phenolic compounds, including four major rare anthocyanins, among the antioxidants. All these results suggest that UAE is efficient at extracting antioxidants and has the potential to be used in industry for this purpose.
authors: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors: Jixiang
authors: J
authors: Lai
authors: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors: Huifang
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors: Donghui
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Fang
authors: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. wangfengzhong@sina.com.
authors: Fengzhong
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. wutaobox@gmail.com.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013010:Sonication; D013016:Sound
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl