title: The role of histone ubiquitination during spermatogenesis.
abstract: Protein ubiquitin-proteasome (ubiquitin-proteasome) system is the major mechanism responsible for protein degradation in eukaryotic cell. During spermatogenesis, the replacement of histone by protamine is vital for normal sperm formation, which is involved in ubiquitination enzymes expressed in testis. Recently, histone ubiquitin ligases have been shown to play critical roles in several aspects of spermatogenesis, such as meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), DNA damage response, and spermiogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the discovery of several histone ubiquitin ligases and elaborate mechanisms of how these enzymes are involved in these processes through knockout mouse model. Using Huwe1, UBR2, and RNF8 as examples, we emphasized the diverse functions for each enzyme and the broad involvement of these enzymes in every stage, from spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic division to spermiogenesis; thus histone ubiquitin ligases represent a class of enzymes, which play important roles in spermatogenesis through targeting histone for ubiquitination and therefore are involved in transcription regulation, epigenetic modification, and other processes essential for normal gametes formation.
authors: SCU-CUHK Joint Lab for Reproductive Medicine and Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China ; Polypeptide Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C7.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Sheng
authors: SCU-CUHK Joint Lab for Reproductive Medicine and Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Xiaotong
authors: 0000-0002-7145-4910
authors: X
authors: Liang
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology and Neurobiology, Chengdu Medical College, 601 Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Sichuan, Chengdu 610083, China.
authors: Sizhou
authors: S
authors: Huang
authors: SCU-CUHK Joint Lab for Reproductive Medicine and Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors: Wenming
authors: W
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases