title: Towards a conceptual model of diabetes self-management among Chinese immigrants in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chinese immigrants have been disproportionally affected by type 2 diabetes. This paper presents the state of science regarding the factors that may influence diabetes self-management among Chinese immigrants in the US and the potential health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Walker and Avant's techniques, a search of the literature was conducted from CINAHL, PubMed, OVID, and Web of Science.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors most relevant to diabetes self-management were grouped under five categories: socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral and psychological characteristics, social support, linguistic barriers, and cultural characteristics. Potential outcomes derived from improved diabetes self-management include quality of life, glycosylated hemoglobin, and blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A conceptual model was provided to guide future research. Based on the review of the literature, specific research topics that need to fill the gaps in the literature were provided, including family-focused interventions for Chinese immigrant patients with diabetes and the effectiveness of these interventions to improve family functioning.
authors: Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China. zengbin138@sohu.com
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zeng
authors: School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. sunwenjie2002@hotmail.com; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. cli8@tulane.edu
authors: Wenjie
authors: W
authors: Sun
authors: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ragary@emory.edu
authors: Rebecca A
authors: RA
authors: Gary
authors: School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. cli8@tulane.edu
authors: Changwei
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. tliu26@emory.edu.
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D001519:Behavior; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D004522:Educational Status; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human