title: Effects of Undaria pinnatifida, Himanthalia elongata and Porphyra umbilicalis extracts on in vitro α-glucosidase activity and glucose diffusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seaweeds are good sources of dietary fibre, which can influence glucose uptake and glycemic control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and compare the in vitro inhibitory activity of different extracts from Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), Himanthalia elongata (Sea spaghetti) and Porphyra umbilicalis (Nori) on α-glucosidase activity and glucose diffusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro effects Chloroform-, ethanol- and water-soluble extracts of the three algae were assayed on α- glucosidase activity and glucose diffusion through membrane. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify patterns in the data and to discriminate which extract will show the most proper effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only water extracts of Sea spaghetti possessed significant in vitro inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase activity (26.2% less mmol/L glucose production than control, p < 0.05) at 75 min. PCA distinguished Sea spaghetti effects, supporting that soluble fibre and polyphenols were involved. After 6 h, Ethanol-Sea spaghetti and water-Wakame extracts exerted the highest inhibitory effects on glucose diffusion (65.0% and 60.2% vs control, respectively). This extracts displayed the lowest slopes for glucose diffusion-time lineal adjustments (68.2% and 62.8% vs control, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The seaweed hypoglycemic effects appear multi-faceted and not necessarily concatenated. According to present results, ethanol and water extracts of Sea spaghetti, and water extracts of Wakame could be useful for the development of functional foods with specific hypoglycemic properties.
authors: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040-Madrid. Spain;.
authors: Adriana R
authors: AR
authors: Schultz Moreira
authors: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040-Madrid. Spain; Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040-Madrid. Spain.
authors: Alba
authors: A
authors: Garcimartín
authors: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040-Madrid. Spain;.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Bastida
authors: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN, CSIC). José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-Madrid, Spain..
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Jiménez-Escrig
authors: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN, CSIC). José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-Madrid, Spain..
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Rupérez
authors: Institute for Global Food Security; Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK..
authors: Brian D
authors: BD
authors: Green
authors: Institute for Global Food Security; Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK..
authors: Eamon
authors: E
authors: Rafferty
authors: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040-Madrid. Spain;. frasan@ucm.es.
authors: Francisco J
authors: FJ
authors: Sánchez-Muniz
authors: Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040-Madrid. Spain.
authors: Juana
authors: J
authors: Benedí
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D055951:Functional Food; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044664:Porphyra / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D044648:Undaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D005947:Glucose