title: Automation of anaesthesia: a review on multivariable control.
abstract: Anaesthesia is a multivariable problem where a combination of drugs are used to induce desired hypnotic, analgesia and immobility states. The automation of anaesthesia may improve the safety and cost-effectiveness of anaesthesia. However, the realization of a safe and reliable multivariable closed-loop control of anaesthesia is yet to be achieved due to a manifold of challenges. In this paper, several significant challenges in automation of anaesthesia are discussed, namely model uncertainty, controlled variables, closed-loop application and dependability. The increasingly reliable measurement device, robust and adaptive controller, and better fault tolerance strategy are paving the way for automation of anaesthesia.
authors: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Jing Jing
authors: JJ
authors: Chang
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Syafiie
authors: Raja
authors: R
authors: Kamil
authors: Thiam Aun
authors: TA
authors: Lim
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics