title: Current trends in dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux) injection technique for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the current preferred injection technique(s) for endoscopic management of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Since the approval of dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dx/HA) in 2001, injection methods have evolved and now include the hydrodistention implantation technique (HIT) and double HIT as well as subureteral transurethral injection (STING) method.
  
  
  METHODS
  In July 2012, 278 pediatric urologists in the United States were contacted to complete a 15-question survey regarding Dx/HA injection technique(s) currently used in their practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty board-certified pediatric urologists completed the survey for a response rate of 18%. Most respondents (60%) were in a single-specialty group practice, and 12% were affiliated with an academic- or university-based practice. Respondents reported seeing a mean of 159 pediatric patients (range, 40-400 patients) with VUR annually, and 94% used Dx/HA ≥4 times in the past year. Forty-seven respondents (94%) reported using double HIT over the course of their career compared with 36 (72%) for STING and 30 (60%) for HIT (P <.05). Double HIT gained widespread acceptance between 2007 and 2008, paralleled by a decline in use of other injection techniques. A significantly higher percentage currently perform double HIT (92%) compared with either STING (24%) or HIT (34%; P <.001). Respondents reported the use of double HIT 15 times more often than STING technique and 5 times more often than HIT during the past 12 months (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The double HIT method is currently the most commonly performed technique for endoscopic correction of VUR by pediatric urologists in the United States.
authors: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: akirschmd@gmail.com.
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Kirsch
authors: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
authors: Angela M
authors: AM
authors: Arlen
authors: Section of Urology, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Goran
authors: G
authors: Lackgren
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D010372:Pediatrics; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014572:Urology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid