title: Nanoindentation tests to assess polymerization of resin-based luting cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal polymerization of resin-based luting cements plays a critical role in the long-term clinical success of dental prostheses and indirect restorations. This study investigated a mutual action between the conformational changes and mechanical properties of a dimethacrylate resin-based luting cement with and without pre-application of the acidic functional monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Degree of conversion in the luting cement was measured using conventional infrared spectrophotometry. Mechanical properties of the luting cements were also evaluated by quasi-static and dynamic nanoindentation tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of infrared spectrophotometry and nanoindentation testing were proportional in samples without functional monomer pretreatment. When considerable residual monomer remains within the final products, the mechanical properties of the resin-based luting cements could possibly be impaired. Although the apparent degree of conversion increased with a mixture of functional monomer, a reduction in the cross-linking polymer network may have resulted in the highest viscoelastic creep behavior of the luting cement. The time-dependent behaviors found in the nanoindentation tests likely resulted from linear polymerization chains of the functional monomer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of an acidic functional monomer may affect the viscosity of resin-based luting cements. Quasi-static or dynamic nanoindentation is a useful tool for assessing the polymerization qualities of resin composites.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, 145-8515 Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Mitsuha
authors: M
authors: Sato
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials & Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, 142-8555 Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Fujishima
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials & Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, 142-8555 Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: yookun@dent.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yo
authors: Y
authors: Shibata
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials & Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, 142-8555 Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, 145-8515 Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Mitsuko
authors: M
authors: Inoue
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D036103:Nanotechnology; D058105:Polymerization; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements
keywords: 10-Methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; Dimethacrylate; FTIR; Nanoindentation; Polymerization