title: Anti-inflammatory effects of betaine on AOM/DSS‑induced colon tumorigenesis in ICR male mice.
abstract: Betaine is an important human nutrient obtained from various foods and studies in animals and humans have provided results suggesting their pathogenesis of various chronic diseases and points to a role in risk assessment and disease prevention. However, the molecular mechanisms of its activity remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation. This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammation and tumor preventing capacity of betaine on colitis-associated cancer in mice. In in vivo experiments, we induced colon tumors in mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and evaluated the effects of betaine on tumor growth. Administration with betaine significantly decreased the incidence of tumor formation with downregulation of inflammation. Treatment with betaine inhibited ROS generation and GSSG concentration in colonic mucosa. Based on the qPCR data, administration of betaine inhibited inflammatory cytokines such TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. In in vitro experiments, LPS-induced NF-κB and inflammatory-related cytokines were inhibited by betaine treatment in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Our findings suggest that betaine is one of the candidates for the prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong Hwan
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bokyung
authors: B
authors: Sung
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong Jung
authors: YJ
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung Yoon
authors: JY
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seong Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yujin
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Minjung
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eunok
authors: E
authors: Im
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeong-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Yoon
authors: Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Cheol Min
authors: CM
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hae Young
authors: HY
authors: Chung
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea.
authors: Nam Deuk
authors: ND
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001397:Azoxymethane; D001622:Betaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002460:Cell Line; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001622:Betaine; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D005978:Glutathione; D001397:Azoxymethane