title: Combination of Lipitor and Celebrex inhibits prostate cancer VCaP cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipitor is a cholesterol-lowering drug and Celebrex is a Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. We investigated the effects of Lipitor and Celebrex on human prostate cancer VCaP cells cultured in vitro and grown as orthotopic xenograft tumors in SCID mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis was measured by morphological assessment and caspase-3 assay. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation was determined by luciferase reporter assay. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) was measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic prostate tumors were monitored by the IVIS imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the combination of Lipitor and Celebrex had stronger effects on the growth and apoptosis of VCaP cells than did either drug alone. The combination more potently inhibited activation of NFκB and expression of Bcl2 than either drug alone. The growth of orthotopic VCaP prostate tumors was strongly inhibited by treatment with the drug combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of Lipitor and Celebrex in combination may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer.
authors: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors: Huarong
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Xiao-Xing
authors: XX
authors: Cui
authors: Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors: Shaohua
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Goodin
authors: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors: Dongli
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Jeremiah
authors: J
authors: Van Doren
authors: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Robert S
authors: RS
authors: Dipaola
authors: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A.
authors: Allan H
authors: AH
authors: Conney
authors: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A. xizheng@pharmacy.rutgers.edu.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000068579:Celecoxib; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000068579:Celecoxib
keywords: NFκB; NSAIDs; Prostate cancer; orthotopic; statin