title: Quantitative conjunctival provocation test for controlled clinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The conjunctival provocation test (CPT) is a diagnostic procedure for the assessment of allergic diseases. Photographs are taken before and after provocation increasing the redness of the conjunctiva due to hyperemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We propose and evaluate an automatic image processing pipeline for objective and quantitative CPT.
  
  
  METHODS
  After scale normalization based on intrinsic image features, the conjunctiva region of interest (ROI) is segmented combining thresholding, edge detection and Hough transform. Redness of the ROI is measured from 0 to 1 by the average pixel redness, which is defined by truncated projection in HSV space. In total, 92 images from an observational diagnostic study are processed for evaluation. The database contains images from two visits for assessment of the test-retest reliability (46 images per visit).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All images were successfully processed by the algorithm. The relative redness increment correlates between the two visits with Pearson's r = 0.672 (p < .001). Linear correlation of the automatic measure is larger than the manual measure (r = 0.59). This indicates a higher reproducibility and stability of the automatic method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We presented a robust and effective way to objectify CPT. The algorithm operates on low resolution, is fast and requires no manual input. Quantitative CPT measures can now be established as surrogate endpoint in controlled clinical trials.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Sárándi
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Claßen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Astvatsatourov
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Pfaar
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Klimek
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Mösges
authors: Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Deserno, Dept. of Medical Informatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany, E-mail: deserno@ieee.org.
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Deserno
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012984:Software
keywords: Conjunctival provocation test; Hough transform; allergy; clinical trials; image processing; segmentation