title: Contagious ovine digital dermatitis: an emerging disease.
abstract: The novel sheep disease, contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) was first described in the UK in 1997. The disease is characterised by severe lameness associated with initial inflammation at the coronary band, followed by progressive separation of the hoof capsule from the underlying tissue. On microbiological examination, treponeme bacteria have been frequently isolated from cases of CODD, including treponemes phylogenetically identical to those associated with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD). Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum have also been isolated from CODD lesions although their role in the pathogenesis remains uncertain. While epidemiological data indicate that the prevalence of CODD is increasing in the UK, the routes of transmission and associated risk factors have not been clearly elucidated. Evidenced-based treatment trials indicate that parenteral administration of long-acting amoxicillin is an efficacious treatment for CODD, while anecdotal evidence suggests other antibiotics, given locally and/or parenterally, may also be beneficial. Further microbiological and epidemiological research is urgently required to develop sustainable control strategies, including the development of vaccines and appropriate biosecurity and farm management protocols. In this review current knowledge of the clinical, aetiological, and epidemiological aspects of CODD is assessed as well as approaches to its control.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. Electronic address: jsduncan@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Duncan
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Angell
authors: Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Carter
authors: Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
authors: N J
authors: NJ
authors: Evans
authors: Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: Sullivan
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Grove-White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058066:Digital Dermatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005535:Foot Rot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD); Footrot; Lameness; Sheep; Welfare