title: Angiogenic cytokine expression profiles in plasma and synovial fluid of primary knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare angiogenic cytokine levels in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy controls and to investigate the relationships between angiogenic cytokines and the OA severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one knee OA patients and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Nine angiogenic cytokines (angiopoietin-2, follistatin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin (IL)-8, leptin, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) in plasma and synovial fluid were measured using a multiplex immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PECAM-1, HGF, VEGF, angiopoietin-2, follistatin, G-CSF, and IL-8 concentrations in plasma were significantly higher in OA patients than those in controls. Plasma angiopoietin-2 was significantly greater in advanced OA than in early OA. Synovial fluid VEGF was positively correlated with the severity (r = 0.367, P = 0.04). Plasma follistatin was significantly lower in advanced knee OA than in early OA and was negatively correlated with the severity (r = -0.374, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenic cytokine concentrations in plasma can distinguish between controls and OA patients. Local and circulating levels of angiogenic cytokines could give an insight into the pathophysiology of OA. Follistatin, angiopoietin-2, and VEGF may have potential as biochemical markers for the assessment of OA severity.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873 Rama IV Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Mabey
authors: Sittisak
authors: S
authors: Honsawek
authors: Natthaphon
authors: N
authors: Saetan
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Poovorawan
authors: Aree
authors: A
authors: Tanavalee
authors: Pongsak
authors: P
authors: Yuktanandana
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000097:blood; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D038681:Follistatin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A