title: Investigation of the degradation-retarding effect caused by the low swelling capacity of a novel hyaluronic Acid filler developed by solid-phase crosslinking technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers demonstrate unique physical characteristics, which affect the quality of the HA filler products. The critical factors that affect the degradation of HA gels have not yet been determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the characteristics of HA gels that affect their resistance to the degradation caused by radicals and enzymes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of HA fillers for repairing deep wrinkles, Juvederm Ultra Plus (J-U), Restylane Perlane (Perlane), and Cleviel, were tested in this study. The resistance of these HA fillers to enzymatic degradation was measured by carbazole and displacement assays using hyaluronidase as the enzyme. The resistance of these fillers to radical degradation was measured by the displacement assay using H2O2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different tests for evaluating the degradation resistance of HA gels can yield different results. The filler most susceptible to enzymatic degradation was J-U, followed by Perlane and Cleviel. The HA filler showing the highest degree of degradation caused by H2O2 treatment was Perlane, followed by J-U, and then Cleviel. Cleviel showed higher enzymatic and radical resistances than J-U and Perlane did. Furthermore, it exhibited the highest resistance to heat and the lowest swelling ratio among all the fillers that were examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main factor determining the degradation of HA particles is the gel swelling ratio, which is related to the particle structure of the gel. Our in vitro assays suggest that the decrease in the swelling ratio will lead to a retarding effect on the degradation of HA fillers.
authors: Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Sunyoung
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kui Young
authors: KY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: In Kwon
authors: IK
authors: Yeo
authors: Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Sung Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Cho
authors: Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Young Chang
authors: YC
authors: Ah
authors: Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Hyun Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Koh
authors: Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Won Seok
authors: WS
authors: Park
authors: Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Beom Joon
authors: BJ
authors: Kim
keywords: Degradation; Hyaluronic acid; Resistance