title: Progress and challenge of microRNA research in immunity.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNA species that regulate the expression of multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level. They are required for normal immune system development and function, and their expression is dynamically regulated in different immune cell subsets during lineage differentiation and immune response. Aberrant expression of miRNAs results in dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity. This in turn can lead to failure to fight against invading pathogens and the development of autoimmune diseases and hematopoietic malignancies. In this article, we review current progress in miRNA research in immunity in both physiological and pathological settings. We also discuss research limitations and challenges that researchers are just beginning to solve.
authors: Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Hyang-Mi
authors: HM
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Duc T
authors: DT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors: Li-Fan
authors: LF
authors: Lu
keywords: hematopoiesis; immune dysfunction; immune regulation; microRNA (miRNA); post-transcriptional regulation