title: Factors associated with in-hospital death by site of consultation among elderly inpatients receiving pain and palliative care consultations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite palliative care implementation, most deaths still occur in hospitals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with in-hospital death among elderly patients receiving palliative care, by site of consultation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All inpatients aged 65 years and older receiving pain and palliative care consultations in a 533-bed acute tertiary care hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii, from January 2005 through December 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  During consultation, demographics, diagnoses, consultation site (intensive care unit [ICU], non-ICU medical, non-ICU surgical, and rehabilitation floors), consultation indication (assistance with establishing goals of care versus pain and/or symptom management), Karnofsky scores, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and in-hospital death were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with in-hospital death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1630 elderly inpatients receiving palliative care, 305 (19%) died in-hospital. In-hospital death among non-ICU medical patients was associated with needing consultation to assist with plan of care (odds ratio [OR]=1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.27-2.80). Likelihood of in-hospital death increased 2% for each additional hospital day before consultation (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01-1.03). Among elderly ICU patients, likelihood of in-hospital death increased 8% for each additional hospital day before consultation (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among elderly non-ICU medical patients receiving palliative care consultations, the need for a consultation to assist with plan of care was associated with in-hospital death, while length of stay prior to consultation was important among both elderly ICU and non-ICU medical patients. Elderly hospitalized patients may benefit from earlier identification and palliative care consultation for assistance with plan of care to avoid in-hospital death.
authors: 1 The John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: Christina L
authors: CL
authors: Bell
authors: Kamal H
authors: KH
authors: Masaki
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Fischberg
mesh_terms: D032722:Advance Care Planning; D000368:Aged; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management; D010166:Palliative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation