title: Body mass index and risk of perioperative cardiovascular adverse events and mortality in 34,744 Danish patients undergoing hip or knee replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a risk factor for osteoarthritis in the lower limb, yet the cardiovascular risks associated with obesity in hip or knee replacement surgery are unknown. We examined associations between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE: ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death) or the risk of all-cause mortality in a nationwide Danish cohort of patients who underwent primary hip or knee replacement surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified 34,744 patients aged ≥ 20 years who underwent elective primary hip or knee replacement surgery between 2005 and 2011. We used multivariable Cox regression models to calculate the 30-day risks of MACE and mortality associated with 5 BMI groups (underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (18.5-24 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29 kg/m(2)), obese 1 (30-34 kg/m(2)), and obese 2 (≥ 35 kg/m(2))).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 232 patients (0.7%) had a MACE and 111 (0.3%) died. Compared with overweight, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.2 (95% CI: 0.4-3.3), 1.3 (0.95-1.8), 1.6 (1.1-2.2), and 1.0 (0.6-1.9) for underweight, normal weight, obese 1, and obese 2 regarding MACE. Regarding mortality, the corresponding HRs were 7.0 (2.8-15), 2.0 (1.2-3.2), 1.5 (0.9-2.7), and 1.9 (0.9-4.2). Cubic splines suggested a significant U-shaped relationship between BMI and risks with nadir around 27-28.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an unselected cohort of patients undergoing elective primary hip or knee replacement surgery, U-shaped risks of perioperative MACE and mortality were found in relation to BMI. Patients within the extreme ranges of BMI may warrant further attention.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Aabenraa Hospital.
authors: Catharina
authors: C
authors: Thornqvist
authors: Gunnar H
authors: GH
authors: Gislason
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Køber
authors: Per Føge
authors: PF
authors: Jensen
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Torp-Pedersen
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D059035:Perioperative Period / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality