title: Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether, a marine algae derived bromophenol, inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea and interacts with DNA molecules.
abstract: Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (BDDE) is a bromophenol isolated from marine algae. Previous reports have shown that BDDE possesses cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that BDDE displays broad-spectrum antifungal activities, especially on Botrytis cinerea. BDDE inhibits the growth of B. cinerea cultured on a solid medium of potato dextrose agar (PDA) as well as on the potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium. Moreover, BDDE decreases the incidence of fruit decay and severity of strawberries infected with B. cinerea. Further studies have revealed that BDDE decreases the germination rate and inhibits the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. The inhibition mechanisms are related to the disruption of the cell membrane integrity in B. cinerea spores and newly formed germ tubes. This study also suggests that BDDE possibly interacts with DNA via intercalation and minor groove binding. The studies provide evidence that BDDE has potential application in the control of gray mold after fruit harvest and the compound could serve as a candidate or lead template for rational drug design and for the development of antifungal agents.
authors: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. lmouc@hotmail.com.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. 15133634098@163.com.
authors: Genzhu
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China. xiaolin_qd@qau.edu.cn.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. xhl52@msn.com.
authors: Xuanli
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. xiukunlin@126.com.
authors: Xiaohui
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. xupingxiang@163.com.
authors: Pingxiang
authors: P
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. xiukunlin@126.com.
authors: Xiukun
authors: X
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D004987:Ethers; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007364:Intercalating Agents; C000601939:bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether; D004247:DNA