title: Ethical considerations regarding the implementation of new technologies and techniques in surgery.
abstract: Ethical considerations relevant to the implementation of new surgical technologies and techniques are explored and discussed in practical terms in this statement, including (1) How is the safety of a new technology or technique ensured?; (2) What are the timing and process by which a new technology or technique is implemented at a hospital?; (3) How are patients informed before undergoing a new technology or technique?; (4) How are surgeons trained and credentialed in a new technology or technique?; (5) How are the outcomes of a new technology or technique tracked and evaluated?; and (6) How are the responsibilities to individual patients and society at large balanced? The following discussion is presented with the intent to encourage thought and dialogue about ethical considerations relevant to the implementation of new technologies and new techniques in surgery.
authors: Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-1217, New York, NY, 10065, USA, strongv@mskcc.org.
authors: Vivian E
authors: VE
authors: Strong
authors: Kenneth A
authors: KA
authors: Forde
authors: Bruce V
authors: BV
authors: MacFadyen
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Mellinger
authors: Peter F
authors: PF
authors: Crookes
authors: Lelan F
authors: LF
authors: Sillin
authors: Phillip P
authors: PP
authors: Shadduck
mesh_terms: D003406:Credentialing; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D030881:Disclosure; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education; D004869:Equipment Safety; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D061214:Patient Safety; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration