title: China's rise as a major contributor to science and technology.
abstract: In the past three decades, China has become a major contributor to science and technology. China now employs an increasingly large labor force of scientists and engineers at relatively high earnings and produces more science and engineering degrees than the United States at all levels, particularly bachelor's. China's research and development expenditure has been rising. Research output in China has been sharply increasing since 2002, making China the second largest producer of scientific papers after the United States. The quality of research by Chinese scientists has also been improving steadily. However, China's rise in science also faces serious difficulties, partly attributable to its rigid, top-down administrative system, with allegations of scientific misconduct trending upward.
authors: Institute for Social Research and Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104; andCenter for Social Research and chunnizhang@pku.edu.cn yuxie@umich.edu.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China chunnizhang@pku.edu.cn yuxie@umich.edu.
authors: Chunni
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute for Social Research and Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104; and.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Lai
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005380:Financing, Government / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D011057:Politics; D012106:Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D012586:Science / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D015871:Scientific Misconduct / Q000639:trends; D013672:Technology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*
keywords: Chinese science; international competitiveness; science education