title: Copper oxychloride fungicide and its effect on growth and oxidative stress of potato plants.
abstract: Excess copper in plants causes physiological alterations that lead to crop productivity losses. However, cupric fungicides have been utilized in the control of Alternaria solani and Phytophthora infestans fungi, which cause early blight and late blight in potato, respectively. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different copper oxychloride levels on potato plants through some biochemical and physiological parameters. The fungicide was applied at the recommended level (2.50gL(-1)), at a reduced level (1.25gL(-1)), and at 5.00gL(-1), to simulate spraying in the field twice during the same period with the recommended level. The results revealed that superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) protected plants against oxidative stress at the beginning of the cycle since lipoperoxide levels were low in that period. In addition, increased SOD activity positively correlated with increased usable leaf area for photosynthesis (leaf area ratio, LAR), photosynthetic effectiveness (net assimilation rate, NAR), and growth relative to pre-existing dry matter (relative growth rate, RGR). Concomitantly, there was a negative correlation between lipoperoxide levels and LAR and RGR. Plants randomly sprayed twice in the same period with the level recommended for potato crop protection in the field do not present damage regarding their development. However, additional studies are needed in order to reduce the use of copper fungicides in the control of early and late blight in potato crop production, then decreasing the release of copper in the environment.
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, P.O. Box 510, 18618-970, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, S/N, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ferreira.leonardocesar@gmail.com.
authors: Leonardo Cesar
authors: LC
authors: Ferreira
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, P.O. Box 510, 18618-970, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, S/N, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Joseane
authors: J
authors: Scavroni
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Setor de Agricultura e Melhoramento Vegetal, P.O. Box 237, 18603-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: João Renato Vaz
authors: JR
authors: da Silva
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, P.O. Box 510, 18618-970, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, S/N, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Ana Catarina
authors: AC
authors: Cataneo
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Setor de Agricultura e Melhoramento Vegetal, P.O. Box 237, 18603-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Dagoberto
authors: D
authors: Martins
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, P.O. Box 510, 18618-970, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, S/N, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Carmen Sílvia Fernandes
authors: CS
authors: Boaro
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018533:Biomass; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D010940:Plant Proteins; C007120:copper oxychloride; D003300:Copper; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Copper toxicity; Lipoperoxides; Productivity; Solanum tuberosum ssp tuberosum L.