title: Inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E(2) on the migration of nasal fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibroblast migration is crucial for normal wound repair after sinonasal surgery. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent inhibitor of fibroblast functions including chemotaxis, proliferation, and matrix production. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PGE2 affects the migration of nasal fibroblasts and to investigate the mechanism of action of PGE2 on nasal fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of nasal fibroblasts were established from inferior turbinate samples. Fibroblast migration was evaluated with scratch assays. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for E prostanoid (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors. EP receptor-selective agonists and antagonists were used to evaluate receptor functions. Stimulatory G (Gs) proteins were activated to evaluate mechanisms. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured by ELISA, and fibroblast cytoskeletal structures were visualized with immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGE2 significantly reduced the migration of nasal fibroblasts. Agonists selective for the EP2 and EP4 receptors significantly reduced the nasal fibroblast migration. Antagonists of the EP2 and EP4 receptors inhibited the effect of PGE2 on nasal fibroblast migration. Activation of Gs protein and adenyl cyclase reduced nasal fibroblast migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGE2 inhibited the migration of nasal fibroblasts via the EP2 and EP4 receptors, and this inhibition was mediated by cAMP elevation. Targeting specific EP receptors could offer therapeutic opportunities for conditions such as delayed wound healing after nasal surgery.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jae-Min
authors: JM
authors: Shin
authors: Il-Ho
authors: IH
authors: Park
authors: You-Mi
authors: YM
authors: Moon
authors: Sung-Moon
authors: SM
authors: Hong
authors: Jung-Sun
authors: JS
authors: Cho
authors: Ji-Young
authors: JY
authors: Um
authors: Heung-Man
authors: HM
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004724:Endoscopy; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014945:Wound Healing; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; C561931:CAY 10580; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D044004:Xanthones; C053876:6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid; C016767:sulprostone; C046926:AH 23848; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D000527:Alprostadil; C048491:butaprost; D015232:Dinoprostone