title: Testing of the Patients' Insights and Views of Teamwork (PIVOT) Survey: a validity study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore patient observations of teamwork-related behaviors such as inter-team communication through a newly designed survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 101 patients (N=86) and caregivers (N=15) recruited from the emergency department (ED) of an urban, academic medical center (>85,000 visits/year) completed the 16-item Patients' Insights and Views Observing Teams (PIVOT) Survey. We evaluated validity evidence through descriptive statistics and analysis including a Many-facet Rasch model to determine associations between questionnaire items and sociodemographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participant responses provided evidence survey items performed well and reflected patients' awareness of team behaviors such as inter-team communication, coordination, and keeping teammates informed. Also, participants responded about the consistency of information from team members and knowing what people's jobs were on the team. Rasch analysis largely supported that the PIVOT items reflected the intended content area and adequacy of ratings scales supporting evidence of response processes. High internal consistency (Cronbach alpha, r=.87) supported evidence of internal structure. As expected, response patterns differed by ED visit acuity level and length of stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PIVOT survey offered a means to collect patient and caregiver observations of health care teams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PIVOT survey responses may contribute to evaluation of teamwork behaviors.
authors: Center for Simulation Technology and Immersive Learning, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA; College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA. Electronic address: bwhenry@niu.edu.
authors: Beverly W
authors: BW
authors: Henry
authors: Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors: Deborah M
authors: DM
authors: Rooney
authors: Center for Immersive Learning, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Eller
authors: Jump Trading Simulation and Education Center, OSF Healthcare, Peoria, USA.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Vozenilek
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA; Center for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors: Danielle M
authors: DM
authors: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010358:Patient Participation; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Delivery of health care; Health care teams; Patient engagement; Patient participation; Surveys; Teamwork assessment