title: Exposure to pesticide mixtures and DNA damage among rice field workers.
abstract: This study describes the use of pesticides mixtures and their potential association with comet assay results in 223 rice field workers in Colombia. Thirty-one pesticides were quantified in blood, serum, and urine (15 organochlorines, 10 organophosphorus, 5 carbamates, and ethylenethiourea), and the comet assay was performed. Twenty-four (77.42%) pesticides were present in the workers. The use of the maximum-likelihood factor analysis identified 8 different mixtures. Afterwards, robust regressions were used to explore associations between the factors identified and the comet assay. Two groups of mixtures--α-benzene hexachloride (α-BHC), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and β-BHC (β: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33-2.10) and pirimiphos-methyl, malathion, bromophos-methyl, and bromophos-ethyl (β: 11.97, 95% CI: 2.34-21.60)--were associated with a higher percentage of DNA damage and comet tail length, respectively. The findings suggest that exposure to pesticides varies greatly among rice field workers.
authors: a Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , DC , Colombia.
authors: Marcela Eugenia
authors: ME
authors: Varona-Uribe
authors: b Grupo de Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Bogotá , DC , Colombia.
authors: Carlos H
authors: CH
authors: Torres-Rey
authors: b Grupo de Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Bogotá , DC , Colombia.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Díaz-Criollo
authors: b Grupo de Salud Ocupacional y del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Bogotá , DC , Colombia.
authors: Ruth Marien
authors: RM
authors: Palma-Parra
authors: c Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá , DC , Colombia.
authors: Diana María
authors: DM
authors: Narváez
authors: d Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Cundinamarca , Girardot , Colombia.
authors: Sandra Patricia
authors: SP
authors: Carmona
authors: a Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , DC , Colombia.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Briceño
authors: e Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga , Colombia.
authors: Alvaro J
authors: AJ
authors: Idrovo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000383:Agriculture; D002219:Carbamates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D003105:Colombia; D020552:Comet Assay; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005031:Ethylenethiourea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012275:Oryza; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D005031:Ethylenethiourea
keywords: Agriculture; Colombia; chemical mixtures; genotoxicity; pesticides