title: Toward a chronobiological characterization of obesity and metabolic syndrome in clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test several circadian rhythm variables in a female population to identify the best tool to assess chronodisruption in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) to define a score to be used for chronodisruption characterization in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric measurements and markers of circadian rhythms, such as sleep and feeding diary, Horne-Ostberg questionnaire, melatonin and cortisol measurements, and wrist temperature measurements, were determined. MetS variables were also analyzed. Study was conducted in 70 women. Data were subjected to factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used as predictors of chronodisruption risk, and a score was calculated to classify the subjects of risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis showed that the first-factor grouped variables were related to the skin temperature measurement. Second factor consisted of variables related to salivary cortisol levels and obesity-related measurements. Third factor included variables related to sleep-wake cycle. Fourth factor referred to peripheral temperature variables and included the classification of subjects according to the Horne-Ostberg questionnaire. To obtain a final punctuation we performed the weighted mean of the first four factors. The final range was from 27 to 57, mean value of 42. Punctuation was defined as the "chronodisruption score." Women displaying higher chronodisruption scores had higher MetS risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that wrist temperature recordings, together with two questions of sleep onset and offset, and one morning salivary cortisol determination could be enough to characterize the chronobiology of obesity and MetS, a new chronodisruption score was developed.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Corbalán-Tutau
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gómez-Abellán
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Madrid
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Canteras
authors: US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional Investigación Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Ordovás
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: garaulet@um.es.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Garaulet
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D008550:Melatonin; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Circadian; Cortisol; Melatonin; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity