title: Secondary loss of a cis-spliced intron during the divergence of Giardia intestinalis assemblages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Giardia intestinalis is a parasitic unicellular eukaryote with a highly reduced genome, in which only six cis-spliced and four trans-spliced introns have been discovered. However, we anticipate that more cis- and trans-spliced introns likely remain unidentified in genes encoding hypothetical proteins that occupy ca. 2/3 of all of the open reading frames (ORFs) in the Giardia genome. Consequently, comprehensive surveys of introns in ORFs for hypothetical proteins are critical for better understanding of the intron evolution in this organism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we identified two novel cis-spliced introns in the draft genome data of G. intestinalis strain WB, by surveying the conserved sequence motifs shared amongst the previously known introns. G. intestinalis strains can be divided into phylogenetically distinct assemblages A-H, and all the introns identified in past studies are shared among the published genome data from strains WB, DH, GS, and P15 representing assemblages A1, A2, B, and E, respectively. Nevertheless one of the two novel introns identified in this study was found to be absent in strain P15.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By considering the organismal relationship among G. intestinalis assemblages A1, A2, B, and E, one of the two introns identified in this study has highly likely been lost after the divergence of the assemblages. On the basis of a sequence comparison between the intron-bearing loci in WB, DH, and GS genomes and the homologous but intron-free locus in P15 genome, we propose that the loss of this particular intron was mediated by integration of the DNA fragment reverse-transcribed from mature mRNAs.
authors: Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. kamikawa.ryoma.7v@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: Ryoma
authors: R
authors: Kamikawa
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Inagaki
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005091:Exons; D018503:Genome, Protozoan; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048348:Reverse Transcription
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger