title: Impact of Medicare Part D on out-of-pocket drug costs and medical use for patients with cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medicare Part D was designed to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for Medicare beneficiaries, but to the authors' knowledge the extent to which this occurred for patients with cancer has not been measured to date. The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of Medicare Part D eligibility on OOP cost for prescription drugs and use of medical services among patients with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for the years 2002 through 2010, a differences-in-differences analysis estimated the effects of Medicare Part D eligibility on OOP pharmaceutical costs and medical use. The authors compared per capita OOP cost and use between Medicare beneficiaries (aged ≥65 years) with cancer to near-elderly patients aged 55 years to 64 years with cancer. Statistical weights were used to generate nationally representative estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1878 near-elderly and 4729 individuals with Medicare were included (total of 6607 individuals). The mean OOP pharmaceutical cost for Medicare beneficiaries before the enactment of Part D was $1158 (standard error, ±$52) and decreased to $501 (standard error, ±$30), a decline of 43%. Compared with changes in OOP pharmaceutical costs for nonelderly patients with cancer over the same period, the implementation of Medicare Part D was associated with a further reduction of $356 per person. Medicare Part D appeared to have no significant impact on the use of medications, hospitalizations, or emergency department visits, but was associated with a reduction of 1.55 in outpatient visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medicare D has reduced OOP prescription drug costs and outpatient visits for seniors with cancer beyond trends observed for younger patients, with no major impact on the use of other medical services noted.
authors: Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Sheetal M
authors: SM
authors: Kircher
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Johansen
authors: Halla S
authors: HS
authors: Nimeiri
authors: Caroline R
authors: CR
authors: Richardson
authors: Matthew M
authors: MM
authors: Davis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054524:Medicare Part D / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs
keywords: Medicare Part D; drug costs; models economic; neoplasms; prescription drugs/economics