title: Modern analytical technologies for the detection of drug abuse and doping.
abstract: Consequences to individuals convicted of abusing prohibited drugs or doping agents can be severe, including loss of employment, child custody, driving privileges, right to compete in international sports and ultimately freedom, when mandatory confinement occurs. In view of these penalties, laboratories charged with providing evidence must maximize testing accuracy. False positive and false negative tests are prevented by combining sensitive immunoassays and specific chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection. In addition, testing different biological matrices offers unique information about the drug-use history of an individual.:
authors: Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Electronic address:mhuestis@intra.nida.nih.gov.
authors: Marilyn A
authors: MA
authors: Huestis
authors: Division of Forensic Toxicology, Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Smith