title: Does vitamin E improve the outcomes of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systemically evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant vitamin E on the outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews over the period between January 1980 and September 2012 for the studies that examined the role of adjuvant vitamin E given at any dose or duration, alone or in combination with other interventions, on the outcome of pediatric NAFLD. The outcomes are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and histological improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five randomized trials were eligible to be included in our analysis, with a total of 270 participants. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of adjuvant vitamin E on normalizing serum ALT [risk ratio (RR) =1.18, confidence interval (CI) =0.92-1.53, P = 0.77 for heterogeneity, I2 = 0%]. Sensitivity analysis showed that using higher doses of vitamin E, a longer duration of therapy or adding vitamin C did not change the effect on the measured outcome. Only two studies looked at histological changes as an outcome. We observed substantial heterogeneity between the two studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis did not find a significant effect of adjuvant vitamin E over placebo in normalizing serum ALT. Data on the long-term effect of adjuvant vitamin E on histological improvements in NAFLD patients are still lacking. Larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children with histological endpoints are still needed to answer this question.
authors: Department of Pediatric, Gastroenterology Unit, King Khalid University Hospital; Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Ahmed A
authors: AA
authors: Sarkhy
authors: Abdulrahman A
authors: AA
authors: Al-Hussaini
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Nobili
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E