title: Evaluation of Immunomagnetic Separation Method for the Recovery of Hepatitis A Virus and GI.1 and GII.4 Norovirus Strains Seeded on Oyster and Mussel.
abstract: Outbreaks of viral diseases are frequently associated with the consumption of minimally processed shellfish. Among the viruses in these outbreaks, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (NoV) have been increasingly reported as the most common food-borne pathogens. These viruses must be concentrated in tested samples in order to be detected. In this study, a method for the detection of NoV and HAV in shellfish using an immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) procedure combined with reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was developed. The IMS/RT-PCR method was applied to investigate the recovery rates of HAV, NoV GI.1, and GII.4 from oyster and mussel. Based on IMS/RT-PCR results, recovery rates for HAV from oyster and mussel test samples were 2.4 and 1.1%, respectively. The NoV GI.1 recovery rates from oyster and mussel samples were 4.9-9.2% (mean 6.9%) and 4.3-8.6% (mean 6.2%), respectively, and the NoV GII.4 recovery rates were 8.8 and 8.5%, respectively. These results verified that HAV, NoV GI.1, and GII.4 can be detected in all the test samples using the IMS/RT-PCR method, although the three inoculated viruses were recovered with low efficiency. In conclusion, the IMS/RT-PCR method can be used to efficiently and rapidly detect viruses such as HAV and NoV in shellfish such as oyster and mussel.
authors: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdaero, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ji-Hyoung
authors: JH
authors: Ha
authors: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdaero, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Changsun
authors: C
authors: Choi
authors: School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodongdaero, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea. sangdoha@cau.ac.kr.|Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea. sangdoha@cau.ac.kr.
authors: Sang-Do
authors: SD
authors: Ha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D058889:Molecular Typing; D049878:Mytilus / Q000821:virology*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012758:Shellfish / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Hepatitis A virus; Immunomagnetic separation; Mussel; Norovirus; Oyster