title: Verification of the usability of a navigation method in dental implant surgery: in vitro comparison with the stereolithographic surgical guide template method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the usefulness of a navigation method using a reference frame directly fixed to the mandible compared to the stereolithographic (STL) surgical guide template method in dental implant surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty rapid prototyping (RP) mandibular models were divided into two groups. Simulation surgery was performed using SimPlant software for both groups. The actual dental implants were placed in the RP models using a real-time navigation system or the surgical guide template, which was fabricated based on STL data by a 3-dimensional printer. Positional implantation errors were measured by comparing the simulation surgery implant positions to the actual postoperative implant positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vertical distance error of the top surface area in the first molar region was not significantly different between groups. Otherwise, the implantation method using real-time navigation showed greater errors except for the horizontal and vertical errors in the apical area of the canine region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The STL surgical guide template was associated with fewer errors than the real-time navigation method in dental implant surgery.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: omfs1ksh@daum.net.
authors: Sang-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae-Won
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors: Se-Ho
authors: SH
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yeon-Ho
authors: YH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Moon-Key
authors: MK
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation / Q000592:standards; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003481:Cuspid; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000601:surgery; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008963:Molar; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional / Q000592:standards; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000592:standards; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: CAD/CAM; Computer-assisted surgery; Dental implant; Image-guided surgery; Surgical guide template