title: Enhanced blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene subjected to hydrochloric acid treatment for cardiovascular implants.
abstract: Blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) was investigated after modifying the surface using hydrochloric acid. Contact angle of the mPE exposed to HCl poses a decrease in its value which indicates increasing wettability and better blood compatibility. Surface of mPE analyzed by using FTIR revealed no significant changes in its functional groups after treatment. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images supported the increasing wettability through the modifications like pit formations and etching on the acid rendered surface. To evaluate the effect of acid treatment on the coagulation cascade, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured. Both PT and APTT were delayed significantly (P < 0.05) after 60 min exposure implying improved blood compatibility of the surfaces. Hemolysis assay of the treated surface showed a remarkable decrease in the percentage of lysis of red blood cells when compared with untreated surface. Moreover, platelet adhesion assay demonstrated that HCl exposed surfaces deter the attachment of platelets and thereby reduce the chances of activation of blood coagulation cascade. These results confirmed the enhanced blood compatibility of mPE after HCl exposure which can be utilized for cardiovascular implants like artificial vascular prostheses, implants, and various blood contacting devices.
authors: IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Saravana Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Jaganathan
authors: Department of Research and Development, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India.
authors: Hemanth
authors: H
authors: Mohandas
authors: Department of Research and Development, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India.
authors: Gunalan
authors: G
authors: Sivakumar
authors: Department of Research and Development, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India.
authors: Palaniappan
authors: P
authors: Kasi
authors: Department of Research and Development, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India.
authors: Theertha
authors: T
authors: Sudheer
authors: Department of Research and Development, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India.
authors: Sruthi
authors: S
authors: Avineri Veetil
authors: Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
authors: Selvakumar
authors: S
authors: Murugesan
authors: IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors: Eko
authors: E
authors: Supriyanto
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C013108:metallocene; D020959:Polyethylene; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid