title: Cerebral palsy of the elbow and forearm.
abstract: Management of elbow and forearm involvement in cerebral palsy has evolved over the last 3 decades with a better understanding of its neuropathophysiology, improved outcome measures, and evolving therapy protocols. Current nonoperative and surgical treatment methods are discussed. The use of standard function measuring instruments and encouragement of the participation in research will hopefully result in more accurate outcome information and, thereby, refine our techniques and rehabilitation methods.
authors: University of North Texas Health Science Center/Cook Children's Hospital; and the University of North Texas Health Science Center, Tarrant County Affiliated Orthopedic Residency Program, Fort Worth, TX. Electronic address: rebunata@att.net.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Bunata
authors: University of North Texas Health Science Center/Cook Children's Hospital; and the University of North Texas Health Science Center, Tarrant County Affiliated Orthopedic Residency Program, Fort Worth, TX.
authors: Kurt
authors: K
authors: Icenogle
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004550:Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Cerebral palsy; elbow; forearm