title: Identifying naturally occurring retirement communities: a spatial analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Guided by the concept of "aging in place" and potential policy implications, the study analyzed naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs; 40% or greater house owners and renters aged 65 years and older) and whether there were spatiotemporal patterns in Ohio between 2000 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the 2000 and 2010 census tracts. Geovisualization was used to visually examine the distribution of NORCs in 2000 and 2010. Global Moran's I was used to quantify the spatial distribution of NORCs in Ohio and Local Moran's I was used to identify clusters of NORCs (i.e., hot spots).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of NORCs slightly decreased despite the overall increase of the older population from 2000 to 2010. NORCs were identified in one of the 3 most populous counties (i.e., Cuyahoga) and its neighboring counties. A number of hot spots were identified in Cuyahoga County (among Ohio's most populous and NORC-rich counties), both in 2000 and 2010. There were different patterns including emerging, disappearing, and enduring NORCs and disproportionate distributions of NORCs across the state between 2000 and 2010.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locating NORCs could aid governments to create "aging in place" sensitive policies to address issues of independence, social care, health care, volunteerism, and community participation.
authors: Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island. Maricruz_Rivera-Hernandez@Brown.edu.
authors: Maricruz
authors: M
authors: Rivera-Hernandez
authors: Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Yamashita
authors: Department of Sociology & Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
authors: Jennifer M
authors: JM
authors: Kinney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062206:Spatial Analysis
keywords: Aging in place; Geographic information systems; Housing; Naturally occurring retirement communities; Population aging; Spatial analysis.