title: Xanthine oxidase activity is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and inflammatory and oxidative status markers in metabolic syndrome: effects of a single exercise session.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of the present study was to investigate the xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in metabolic syndrome in subjects submitted to a single exercise session. We also investigated parameters of oxidative and inflammatory status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study (9 healthy and 8 MS volunteers) was performed to measure XO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid peroxidation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) content, glucose levels, and lipid profile. Body mass indices, abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and TG levels were also determined. The exercise session consisted of 3 minutes of stretching, 3 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes at a constant dynamic workload at a moderate intensity, and 3 minutes at a low speed. The blood samples were collected before and 15 minutes after the exercise session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum XO activity was higher in MS group compared to control group. SOD activity was lower in MS subjects. XO activity was correlated with SOD, abdominal circumference, body mass indices, and hsCRP. The single exercise session reduced the SOD activity in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the association between oxidative stress and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and suggest XO is present in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
authors: Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutrição e Fisioterapia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12, 8°andar, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Ana Maria Pandolfo
authors: AM
authors: Feoli
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Fabrício Edler
authors: FE
authors: Macagnan
authors: Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutrição e Fisioterapia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12, 8°andar, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Carla Haas
authors: CH
authors: Piovesan
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Luiz Carlos
authors: LC
authors: Bodanese
authors: Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Ionara Rodrigues
authors: IR
authors: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase