title: Classification of autism spectrum disorder using supervised learning of brain connectivity measures extracted from synchrostates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The paper investigates the presence of autism using the functional brain connectivity measures derived from electro-encephalogram (EEG) of children during face perception tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase synchronized patterns from 128-channel EEG signals are obtained for typical children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The phase synchronized states or synchrostates temporally switch amongst themselves as an underlying process for the completion of a particular cognitive task. We used 12 subjects in each group (ASD and typical) for analyzing their EEG while processing fearful, happy and neutral faces. The minimal and maximally occurring synchrostates for each subject are chosen for extraction of brain connectivity features, which are used for classification between these two groups of subjects. Among different supervised learning techniques, we here explored the discriminant analysis and support vector machine both with polynomial kernels for the classification task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The leave one out cross-validation of the classification algorithm gives 94.7% accuracy as the best performance with corresponding sensitivity and specificity values as 85.7% and 100% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method gives high classification accuracies and outperforms other contemporary research results. The effectiveness of the proposed method for classification of autistic and typical children suggests the possibility of using it on a larger population to validate it for clinical practice.
authors: School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors: Wasifa
authors: W
authors: Jamal
authors: Saptarshi
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Ioana-Anastasia
authors: IA
authors: Oprescu
authors: Koushik
authors: K
authors: Maharatna
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Apicella
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Sicca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000145:classification*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004569:Electroencephalography; D058407:Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology