title: A histologic evaluation of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band capsule by tissue sampling during sleeve gastrectomy performed at different time points after band removal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is gaining popularity as a revision option after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Data have shown that single stage revisions may be associated with a higher complication rate. A histologic basis for this observation has not been studied. The objective of this study was to document the histologic properties of the LAGB capsule across the gastric staple line after SG at various time points after LAGB removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric sleeve specimens of all LAGB to SG revisions were identified from January to May 2013 and underwent histologic evaluation of the LAGB capsule. Single blinded pathologist interpretation was performed, with inflammation, fibrosis, neovascularization, foreign body (FB) reaction, and wall thickness assessed semi-quantitatively and scored from 0-3. Based on combined features, an attempt was made to predict the timing of revision surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study identified 19 revisions performed for inadequate excess weight loss or weight regain. The mean age for revision was 44 (19-65). The minimum time to revision was 42 days, the longest 1,188 days. There were no surgical complications. Varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis were common features at all times. Angiogenesis, neovascularization and FB reaction were prominent in revisions performed before 80 days. The gastric wall was thicker during early revision. The optimal time to perform revision was difficult to determine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LAGB caused varying degrees of inflammatory and FB reaction that time did not fully resolve. The lower leak rates observed with delayed revisions do not appear to be attributable to gastric histology.
authors: Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: michaelhltan@gmail.com.
authors: Michael H L
authors: MH
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Gary Y W
authors: GY
authors: Yee
authors: Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: John O
authors: JO
authors: Jorgensen
authors: Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Vytauras
authors: V
authors: Kuzinkovas
authors: Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Talbot
authors: Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Ken W
authors: KW
authors: Loi
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Seethalakshmi
authors: S
authors: Viswanathan
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology*; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Histology; Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band; Obesity; Revision surgery; Sleeve gastrectomy