title: Gingival crevicular fluid levels of neuropeptides following dental restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Local neuropeptide release has a critical role in the initiation and progression of an inflammatory response. This study investigated the effects of different restorative materials on periodontium in this regard, by evaluating their neuropeptide-producing effects on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 14 patients suitable for metal-ceramic, composite and amalgam restorations. Four weeks after periodontal therapy, the restorations were performed. Study groups were constituted regarding the tooth/restoration surfaces contacting gingiva in each patient: 1 ceramic surface of a metal-ceramic crown (ceramic group), its opposite metal surface (metal group), 1 composite surface (composite group), its opposite enamel surface (opposite-composite group), 1 amalgam surface (amalgam group), its opposite enamel surface (opposite-amalgam group) and 1 nonrestored enamel surface (enamel group). Four weeks after dental restorations, clinical data and GCF were obtained from the group sites. Clinical data, GCF volume and its proinflammatory cytokine profile were utilized to evaluate the periodontal health. GCF levels of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) were determined by ELISA for revealing the neuropeptide levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCF volume was found to increase in all groups compared with the enamel group (p&lt;0.05). SP and NKA levels were higher in the ceramic, composite and amalgam groups than those in the enamel group (p&lt;0.05). SP and NKA levels were also higher in the composite and amalgam groups than those in the opposite-composite/amalgam groups (p&lt;0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ceramic, composite and amalgam materials may uniquely trigger local neuropeptide release in periodontium.
authors: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Dental Faculty, Samsun - Turkey.
authors: Elif Eser
authors: EE
authors: Sakallioğlu
authors: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Dental Faculty, Samsun - Turkey.
authors: Müge
authors: M
authors: Lütfioğlu
authors: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Dental Faculty, Samsun - Turkey.
authors: Umur
authors: U
authors: Sakallioğlu
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Ondokuz Mayıs University Dental Faculty, Samsun - Turkey.
authors: Gözlem Koca
authors: GK
authors: Ceylan
authors: Department of Periodontology, Aydın University Dental Faculty, I˙stanbul - Turkey.
authors: Ferda
authors: F
authors: Pamuk
authors: Department of Periodontology, Bülent Ecevit University Dental Faculty, Zonguldak - Turkey.
authors: Figen Öngöz
authors: FÖ
authors: Dede
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Bülent Ecevit University Dental Faculty, Zonguldak - Turkey.
authors: Doğu
authors: D
authors: Dede
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020078:Neurogenic Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D009479:Neuropeptides