title: Irradiation for locoregionally recurrent, never-irradiated oral cavity cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes and related prognostic factors of patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of recurrent, never-irradiated oral cavity cancer (recurrent OCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of consecutive patients with nonmetastatic recurrent OCC who presented to and were treated with RT at our institution between 1989 and 2011 were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS). The cumulative incidences of disease-specific death, local failure, regional failure, and distant metastasis were calculated with death as a competing risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-three patients were identified. Median follow-up for living patients was 54 months and 16 months for all patients. Ninety-one patients had salvage surgery followed by adjuvant RT. Definitive RT was utilized in the remaining 32 patients. The 5-year OS was 40%. The 5-year cumulative incidence of disease-specific death, local failure, regional failure, and distant metastasis was 55%, 34%, 22%, and 20%, respectively. Recurrent T classification and lack of salvage surgery were independently associated with worse disease-specific death and decreased OS, respectively. Subset analysis of patients who underwent salvage surgery demonstrated that age, recurrent T classification, and perineural invasion (PNI) were independently associated with decreased OS; recurrent T classification and thicker tumors were independently associated with worse disease-specific death; and positive/close margins and primary T classification were independently associated with increased local failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of patients with recurrent OCC, clinical outcomes were similar or improved when compared with other recurrent OCC-specific reports. In the salvage surgery subset, tumor thickness and PNI are recurrent pathologic features associated with outcomes that were only previously demonstrated in studies of primary disease. Because of the relatively worse outcomes in patients receiving definitive or adjuvant RT for recurrent OCC, we advocate for the appropriate use of postoperative RT in the initial management of oral cavity cancers.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Benjamin H
authors: BH
authors: Lok
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Chin
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Nadeem
authors: N
authors: Riaz
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Felix
authors: F
authors: Ho
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Man
authors: M
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Julian C
authors: JC
authors: Hong
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Weiji
authors: W
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Zhigang
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Medicine, Head and Neck Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Sherman
authors: Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Wong
authors: Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Luc G
authors: LG
authors: Morris
authors: Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Ganly
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Suzanne L
authors: SL
authors: Wolden
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Shyam S
authors: SS
authors: Rao
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors: Nancy Y
authors: NY
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: clinical outcomes; oral cavity; radiotherapy; recurrent; surgery