title: Potential impact of silymarin in combination with chlorogenic acid and/or melatonin in combating cardiomyopathy induced by carbon tetrachloride.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effective role of silymarin either alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid and/or melatonin against the toxic impact of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced cardiac infarction. CCl4 (l.2 ml/kg body weight) was administered as a single dose intraperitoneally. The results revealed that the administration of silymarin alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid (CGA) and/or melatonin for 21 consecutive days, 24 h after CCl4 injection to rats, markedly ameliorated the increases in serum markers of cardiac infarction, including troponin T and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), as well as increases in the pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein in cardiac tissue compared to CCl4 intoxicated rats. The used agents also successfully modulated the alteration in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and the oxidative DNA damage and the increase in the apoptosis marker caspase 3 in cardiac tissue in response to CCl4 toxicity. The present biochemical results are supported by histo-pathological examination. The current results proved that treatment with silymarin in combination with CGA and melatonin was the most effective one in ameliorating the toxicity of CCl4 induced cardiac damage and this may support the use of this combination as an effective drug to treat cardiac damage induced by toxic agents.
authors: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Nouf M
authors: NM
authors: Al-Rasheed
authors: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Nawal M
authors: NM
authors: Al-Rasheed
authors: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Faddah
authors: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 51459, Jeddah 21453, Saudi Arabia ; Theraputic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
authors: Azza M
authors: AM
authors: Mohamed
authors: Anatomy Department-Faculty of Medicine-King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Raeesa A
authors: RA
authors: Mohammad
authors: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Maha
authors: M
authors: Al-Amin
keywords: CCl4; Cardiac damage; Inflammatory biomarkers; Silymarin