title: Gum arabic microcapsules as protectors of the photoinduced degradation of riboflavin in whole milk.
abstract: Microcapsules (MC) made with gum arabic (GA) as shell material without and with β-carotene (βc) as core material were prepared by the spray-drying technique. The effect of these MC on the photodegradation of riboflavin (Rf) in whole milk by fluorescent daylight lamp irradiation was evaluated at a storage temperature of 4°C. The additions of 1.37mg/mL of MC without βc (MC-GA) and with 0.54μg/mL of βc (MC-βc-GA) decreased the apparent first-order rate constant of Rf photodegradation by approximately 26 and 30%, respectively. A systematic kinetic and mechanistic analysis of the results indicates that the global protective effect of the MC is mainly due to the combination of quenching of the electronically excited triplet state of Rf and scavenging of the photogenerated reactive oxygen species, such as singlet molecular oxygen, superoxide radical anion and hydroxyl radical. A minor contribution to the photoprotective effect can be also associated with the inner-filter effect exerted by the MC, which partially blocks the direct excitation of Rf. These results allow us to conclude that photodegradation of Rf in milk can be considerably reduced by the addition of small amounts of MC, avoiding large losses in the nutritional value of milk.
authors: Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Villa María, Av. Universidad 450, Villa María, 5900 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: María L
authors: ML
authors: Boiero
authors: Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos, Alma-Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Mara
authors: M
authors: Mandrioli
authors: Institutode Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, 5900 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Noelia
authors: N
authors: Vanden Braber
authors: Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos, Alma-Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
authors: María T
authors: MT
authors: Rodriguez-Estrada
authors: Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors: Norman A
authors: NA
authors: García
authors: Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, 4200 Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
authors: Claudio D
authors: CD
authors: Borsarelli
authors: Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Villa María, Av. Universidad 450, Villa María, 5900 Córdoba, Argentina; Institutode Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, 5900 Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: mamontenegro03@yahoo.com.ar.
authors: Mariana A
authors: MA
authors: Montenegro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry; D005511:Food Handling; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019207:beta Carotene; D006170:Gum Arabic; D010100:Oxygen; D012256:Riboflavin
keywords: gum arabic; reactive oxygen species; riboflavin photodegradation; β-carotene