title: Interactions between clinical factors, p16, and cyclin-D1 expression and survival outcomes in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  P16 and cyclin-D1 are cell cycle proteins commonly dysregulated in head and neck carcinoma. We assessed their expression, clinicopathological variables, and overall survival (OS) in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical characteristics and p16 and cyclin-D1 expression were evaluated in 101 patients with oropharyngeal SCC and 75 patients with hypopharyngeal SCC. Associations with OS were assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to oropharyngeal SCC, patients with hypopharyngeal SCC were older, men, ever-smokers with higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), lower p16 expression, and poorer median OS (24.8 vs 62.3 months; p < .01). In oropharyngeal SCC, CCI (p < .001), cyclin-D1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.55; p = .007), current smoking (HR = 5.72; p = .004), and former smoking (HR = 4.12; p = .035) were independently associated with OS. In hypopharyngeal SCC, only nodal and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status were associated with OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In oropharyngeal SCC, cyclin-D1 expression is correlated with survival, whereas smoking status and CCI may allow further stratification of outcome.
authors: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Siok-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Ang
authors: Centre of Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.|Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Haaland
authors: Centre of Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
authors: Sanchalika
authors: S
authors: Acharyya
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Minn M M
authors: MM
authors: Thu
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Sai-Sakktee
authors: SS
authors: Krisna
authors: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Siok-Gek
authors: SG
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors: Puay-Hoon
authors: PH
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Quan-Sing
authors: QS
authors: Ng
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Daniel S W
authors: DS
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Wai-Meng
authors: WM
authors: Tai
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Eng-Huat
authors: EH
authors: Tan
authors: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.|Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Wan-Teck
authors: WT
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Mei-Kim
authors: MK
authors: Ang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019938:Cyclin D1
keywords: cyclin-D1; human papillomavirus; hypopharyngeal cancer; oropharyngeal cancer; p16