title: Endoscopic versus bedside electromagnetic-guided placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes in surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasoenteral tube feeding is often required in surgical patients, mainly because of delayed gastric emptying. Bedside electromagnetic (EM)-guided tube placement by specialized nurses might offer several advantages (e.g., reduced patient discomfort and costs) over conventional endoscopic placement. The aim of this study was to compare the success rate of EM-guided to endoscopic placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes in surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed in 267 adult patients admitted to two gastrointestinal surgical wards who received a nasoenteral feeding tube by EM-guidance or endoscopy. Eighteen patients were excluded because of insufficient data. Patients were categorized according to the primary tube placement method. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy. Primary endpoint was successful tube placement at or beyond the duodenojejunal flexure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 249 patients were included, of which 90 patients underwent EM-guided and 159 patients underwent endoscopic tube placement. Both groups were comparable for baseline characteristics. Primary tube placement was successful in 74/90 patients (82 %) in the EM-guided group versus 140/159 patients (88 %) in the endoscopic group (P = 0.20). In patients with altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy, success rates were significantly lower in the EM-guided group (58 vs. 86 %, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in tube-related complications such as dislodgement or tube blockage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bedside EM-guided placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes by specialized nurses did not differ from endoscopic placement by gastroenterologists regarding feasibility and safety in surgical patients with unaltered upper gastrointestinal anatomy.
authors: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Arja
authors: A
authors: Gerritsen
authors: Thijs
authors: T
authors: de Rooij
authors: Marcel J
authors: MJ
authors: van der Poel
authors: Marcel G W
authors: MG
authors: Dijkgraaf
authors: Willem A
authors: WA
authors: Bemelman
authors: Olivier R C
authors: OR
authors: Busch
authors: Marc G H
authors: MG
authors: Besselink
authors: Elisabeth M H
authors: EM
authors: Mathus-Vliegen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007583:Jejunum; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies