title: Placental sprouty 2 (SPRY2): relation to placental growth and maternal metabolic status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SPROUTY2 (SPRY2) is a membrane-associated protein expressed by placental macrophages with regulatory roles in tissue growth and development. The SPRY2 locus was shown to be associated with body fat distribution and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether SPRY2 mRNA levels are related with maternal metabolic status and with placental weight. We also studied the association of placental mRNA of SPRY2 with macrophage-derived inflammatory genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A maternal metabolic profile [C-peptide, post-load glucose and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin] was assessed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in 200 control women delivering adequate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. Placentas and newborns were weighed at delivery. Placental mRNA levels of SPRY2 and of macrophage-derived inflammatory genes MMP2, TNFα and CD163 were quantified by real-time PCR. Women delivering small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA, n = 25) and women with gestational diabetes (GDM, n = 25) were also studied as validation groups for placental growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control women delivering AGA infants, placental SPRY2 mRNA levels showed positive associations with a more adverse maternal metabolic status (higher maternal C-peptide and post-load glucose and lower HMW adiponectin), with more placental weight and with a more placental inflammatory phenotype (higher placental mRNA levels of MMP2,TNFα and CD163) (all p < 0.05 to p = 0.001). Compared to AGA infants, placental weight and placental SPRY2 mRNA levels were lower in placentas from SGA infants and higher in placentas from women with GDM (all p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a link between placental SPRY2 mRNA levels and placental growth, which may be modulated by maternal metabolic status and placental inflammation.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.
authors: Judit
authors: J
authors: Bassols
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Moreno-Navarrete
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Carreras-Badosa
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Diaz
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Prats-Puig
authors: Anna-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Palomer
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: de Zegher
authors: Lourdes
authors: L
authors: Ibáñez
authors: Jose-Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Fernandez-Real
authors: Abel
authors: A
authors: Lopez-Bermejo
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C485561:SPRY2 protein, human