title: Concentration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the pelvic floor muscles: an experimental comparative rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to explore non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs) potency for pelvic floor muscle pain by measuring local concentration in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used nine NSAIDs, including nabumetone, naproxen, ibuprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam, diclofenac potassium, etodolac, indomethacin, and sulindac, and 9 groups of female Wister rats. Each group of rats was fed with one kind of NSAID (2 mg/mL) for three consecutive days. Thereafter, one mL of blood and one gram of pelvic floor muscle were taken to measure drug pharmacokinetics, including partition coefficient, lipophilicity, elimination of half-life (T1/2) and muscle/plasma converting ratio (Css, muscle/Css, plasma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diclofenac potassium had the lowest T1/2 and the highest mean Css, muscle/Css, plasma (1.9 hours and 0.85±0.53, respectively). The mean Css, muscle/Css, plasma of sulindac, naproxen and ibuprofen were lower than other experimental NSAIDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diclofenac potassium had the highest disposition in pelvic floor muscle in a rat model. The finding implies that diclofenac potassium might be the choice for pain relief in pelvic muscle.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors: Hung-Yen
authors: HY
authors: Chin
authors: Department of Research and Development, Standard Chemistry and Pharmaceutical. Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Eileen
authors: E
authors: Changchien
authors: Department of Bioanalysis, Standard Chemistry and Pharmaceutical. Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Mei-Fung
authors: MF
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Hsin
authors: CH
authors: Chiang
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. wang2260@gmail.com.
authors: Chin-Jung
authors: CJ
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002074:Butanones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D000077239:Meloxicam; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D000077430:Nabumetone; D009288:Naproxen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002074:Butanones; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D010894:Piroxicam; D004008:Diclofenac; D009288:Naproxen; D000077430:Nabumetone; D000077239:Meloxicam
keywords: Chronic pelvic pain; myofacial pain syndrome; non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs; pelvic floor muscle