title: From mouth-to-mouth to bag-valve-mask ventilation: evolution and characteristics of actual devices--a review of the literature.
abstract: Manual ventilation is a vital procedure, which remains difficult to achieve for patients who require ventilatory support. It has to be performed by experienced healthcare providers that are regularly trained for the use of bag-valve-mask (BVM) in emergency situations. We will give in this paper, a historical view on manual ventilation's evolution throughout the last decades and describe the technical characteristics, advantages, and hazards of the main devices currently found in the market. Artificial ventilation has developed progressively and research is still going on to improve the actual devices used. Throughout the past years, a brand-new generation of ventilators was developed, but little was done for manual ventilation. Many adverse outcomes due to faulty valve or misassembly were reported in the literature, as well as some difficulties to ensure efficient insufflation according to usual respiratory parameters. These serious incidents underline the importance of BVM system routine check and especially the unidirectional valve reassembly after sterilization, by only experienced and trained personnel. Single use built-in devices may prevent disassembly problems and are safer than the reusable ones. Through new devices and technical improvements, the safety of BVM might be increased.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France ; Inserm CIC-1431, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors: Abdo
authors: A
authors: Khoury
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors: Sylvère
authors: S
authors: Hugonnot
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Cossus
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France ; Inserm CIC-1431, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors: Alban
authors: 0000-0002-0922-7311
authors: A
authors: De Luca
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors: Thibaut
authors: T
authors: Desmettre
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France ; Inserm CIC-1431, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France.
authors: Fatimata Seydou
authors: FS
authors: Sall
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine & Critical Care, University of Franche-Comté, Medical Center, 25000 Besançon, France ; Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Capellier
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation*