title: Pharmacologically and Edinger-Westphal stimulated accommodation in rhesus monkeys does not rely on changes in anterior chamber pressure.
abstract: This study was undertaken to understand the role of anterior chamber pressure (ACP) during pharmacological and Edinger-Westphal (EW) stimulated accommodation in anesthetized monkeys. Experiments were performed on one iridectomized eye each of 7 anesthetized adolescent rhesus monkeys. Accommodation was induced by EW stimulation (n = 2) and intravenous administration of 0.25-4.0 mg/kg pilocarpine (n = 6). Accommodative refractive and biometric changes were measured with continuous 60 Hz infrared photorefraction (n = 6) and 100 Hz A-scan ultrasound biometry (n = 1). An ocular perfusion system was used to measure and manipulate ACP. Pressure was recorded via a 27-gauge needle in the anterior chamber connected to a pressure transducer (n = 7). The needle was also connected to a fluid reservoir to allow ACP to be manipulated and clamped (n = 4) by raising or lowering the fluid reservoir. In all six pharmacologically stimulated monkeys ACP increased during accommodation, from 0.70 to 2.38 mmHg, four of which showed pressure decreases preceding the pressure increases. Two eyes also showed increases in ACP during EW-stimulated accommodation of 2.8 and 7.2 mmHg. ACP increased with increasing EW stimulus amplitudes (n = 2). Clamping or externally manipulating ACP had no effect on resting refraction or on EW and pharmacologically stimulated accommodation in four eyes. The results show that EW stimulated and pharmacologically stimulated accommodation do not rely on ACP in rhesus monkeys.
authors: University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: He
authors: University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Wendt
authors: University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA. Electronic address: aglasser@uh.edu.
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Glasser
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000502:physiology*; D001699:Biometry; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D023421:Models, Animal; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010862:Pilocarpine
keywords: Edinger–Westphal nucleus; accommodation; anterior chamber pressure; intraocular pressure; intravenous pilocarpine; photorefraction