title: Plasma fatty acid lipidome is associated with cirrhosis prognosis and graft damage in liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge regarding the plasma fatty acid (FA) pattern in patients with liver cirrhosis is fragmentary.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated plasma FA lipidome and its association with the prognosis of cirrhosis and severity of liver graft damage after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this observational study, plasma FA lipidome was investigated in 51 cirrhotic patients before liver transplantation and in 90 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. In addition, we studied ischemia-reperfusion damage in the liver of 38 patients for whom a graft biopsy was available at transplantation. With the use of logistic regression, we modeled the presence of cirrhosis, the dichotomized model for end-stage liver disease score below and above the median, and the presence of severe liver graft ischemia-reperfusion damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FA pattern was markedly altered in cirrhotic patients, who showed, compared with healthy controls, higher monounsaturated FAs, lower n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs, and undetectable cerotic acid. Plasma di-homo-γ-linolenic acid was independently associated with the presence of cirrhosis (OR: 0.026; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.196; P < 0.0001), severity of its prognosis (OR: 0.041; 95% CI:0.005, 0.376; P = 0.006), postreperfusion graft hepatocellular necrosis (OR: 0.921; 95% CI: 0.851, 0.997; P = 0.043), and sinusoidal congestion (OR: 0.954; 95% CI: 0.912, 0.998; P = 0.039). Associations of di-homo-γ-linolenic acid with the presence of cirrhosis and severity of its prognosis were confirmed also after false discovery rate correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerotic and di-homo-γ-linolenic acids may serve as markers of disease and prognosis in liver cirrhosis. Dietary supplementation with di-homo-γ-linolenic acid could be a reasonable interventional strategy to delay disease progression in liver cirrhosis.
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Ginanni Corradini
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Zerbinati
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Maldarelli
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Palmaccio
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Parlati
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Anna Giulia
authors: AG
authors: Bottaccioli
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Molinaro
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Edoardo
authors: E
authors: Poli
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: Boaz
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Gaetano
authors: G
authors: Serviddio
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Gianluca
authors: G
authors: Mennini
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Corsi
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Bianco
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Rossi
authors: From the Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Division (SGC, FM, LP, AM, and EP), the Departments of General Surgery "Paride Stefanini" (GM and MR), and the Department of Molecular Medicine (AC and PB), "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy (CZ, GP, AGB, and LI); the School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel (MB); and the Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (GS).
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Iuliano
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011379:Prognosis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; C017364:hexacosanoic acid; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid