title: Recurrence of intracranial meningioma after surgery: analysis of influencing factors and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the recurrent rate, timing, and influential factors of recurrence, including clinical outcome in patients with intracranial meningioma who underwent surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of surgically treated intracranial meningioma patients with histological confirmation were reviewed. The diagnosis of recurrence was based on clinical condition and imaging study during follow-up. The recurrent rate, timing of recurrence, factors that influence the recurrence and clinical outcome were analyzed Clinical outcome was measured by the Glasgow outcome scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty one patients were recruited. Mean tumor diameter was 4.9 cm (1.2-9 cm). Mean follow-up was 32.3 months. Median recurrent time was 21.6 months and overall recurrent rate was 21.5% with 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of 65%. Factors associated with tumor recurrence were headache at presentation (p = 0.002), Simpson grade III (p = 0.012), Simpson grade IV (p < 0.001), Simpson grade V (p = 0.004), WHO grade II (p = 0.004) and WHO grade III (p < 0.001). Mortality rate in recurrent group was 12.8% compared with 3.5% in non-recurrent group (p = 0.039). The favorable outcome was higher in non-recurrent group 91.5% compared with 76.9% in recurrent group(p = 0.02483).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors of recurrence were headache at presentation, extent of resection, and histological grading. The extent of resection identified by Simpson grading effect the recurrent rate as stated previously in the literature. The higher histological grade was associated with higher recurrent rate. The wide range of timing of tumor recurrence needs both clinical evaluation and imaging study in short- and long-term follow-up especially in high-risk group. Recurrent meningioma increased rate of morbidity and mortality.
authors: Pakpume
authors: P
authors: Bumrungrachpukdee
authors: Nannapat
authors: N
authors: Pruphetkaew
authors: Manlika
authors: M
authors: Phukaoloun
authors: Nakornchai
authors: N
authors: Pheunpathom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult