title: Use of silicone tubes to repair canalicular lacerations via a novel method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a novel method to repair canalicular lacerations using silicone tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 47 adult patients (47 eyes) with canalicular lacerations were collected from the outpatient department from November 2010 to December 2012. The age ranged from 16 to 53 years. Among the 47 eyes, 37 had lower canalicular lacerations, 6 had upper canalicular lacerations, and 4 had bicanalicular lacerations. A soft probe was made using a stainless steel acupuncture needle, which was inserted into the lumen of the proximal part of the catheter to increase its rigidity. The probe was then inserted into the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. After retrieval of the catheters, the two ends of the silicone tube were securely tied (end to end) to the catheters. The silicon tube outside the nostril formed a U-shape. The catheters were then pulled upward until the silicone tube was completely located in the canalicular system. The catheters were cut off of the silicone tube near the site of the connection. The two ends of the silicone tube were cut short, -2mm out of the lacrimal punctum, and tied securely, end to end. The length of the tube between the upper and lower punctum was adjusted to ensure that no tension was present in the medial cathus, and the suture was removed through the nostril. The silicone tube was removed 3-10 months after this novel canalicular intubation procedure (NCI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were anatomically rehabilitated after surgery. The silicone tube was removed after implanted in 3-10 months (mean 4.5 +/- 1.3 months), the average follow-up time was 11.8 months after removal. In total, 45 eyes in all 47 eyes (95.74%) were free from obstruction. Among them, 41 eyes (91.11%) achieved complete success (completely disappearance of epiphora after tube removal), 4 eyes (8.89%) achieved partial success (irritation occurs under stimulation conditions, such as wind or cold conditions), 4 eyes showed postoperative tearing, with three eyes having inferior lacrimal duct laceration, and one eye with superior canalicular laceration. Apart from two cases (4.26%) suffering inferior punctum splitting, no other associated issues occurred with the silicone tube or iatrogenic injury and lacrimal complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For adult patients with canalicular laceration, the NCI was an effective, atraumatic surgery, which has fewer complications than traditional canalicular suture.
authors: Zhiping
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Xiangyin
authors: X
authors: Sha
authors: Xuanwei
authors: X
authors: Liang
authors: Zhonghao
authors: Z
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D057785:Catheters; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D022125:Lacerations / Q000601:surgery*; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000293:injuries*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012828:Silicones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013537:Sutures; D013666:Tears; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones