title: Maclurin protects against hydroxyl radical-induced damages to mesenchymal stem cells: antioxidant evaluation and mechanistic insight.
abstract: Maclurin, an exceptional member of phytophenol family, was found to effectively protect against mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) oxidative damage induced by hydroxyl radical (OH) at 62.1-310.5 μM. Antioxidant assays indicated that maclurin could efficiently protect DNA from OH-induced damage at 114.6-382.2 μM, and scavenge OH, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), ABTS(+) (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical), and bind Cu(2+) (IC50 values were respectively 122.87 ± 10.14, 10.15 ± 0.85, 0.97 ± 0.07, and 133.95 ± 11.92 μM). HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of the end-product of maclurin reaction with DPPH clearly suggested that maclurin (m/z = 261.12 [M-H](-)) donated two hydrogen atoms to DPPH (m/z = 394.06 [M](+)) to form ortho-benzoquinone moiety (λmax = 364 nm; m/z = 259.06 [M-H](-), loss of m/z = 28) and DPPH2 molecule (m/z = 395.03, 396.01), via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or sequential electron (e) proton transfer (SEPT), not radical adduct formation (RAF) mechanisms. Therefore, we concluded that: (i) maclurin can effectively protect against OH-induced damages to DNA and MSCs, thereby it may have a therapeutic potential in prevention of many diseases or MSCs transplantation; (ii) a possible mechanism for maclurin to protect against oxidative damages is OH radical-scavenging; (iii) maclurin scavenges OH possibly through metal-chelating, and direct radical-scavenging which is mainly via HAT or SEPT mechanisms; and (iv) the protective and antioxidant effects of maclurin can be primarily attributed to ortho-dihydroxyl groups, and ultimately to the relative stability of the ortho-benzoquinone form.
authors: School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xican_Li.
authors: Xican
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Yaoxiang
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Aifeng
authors: A
authors: Liang
authors: Third School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Zhiming
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Bai
authors: School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Wenqiong
authors: W
authors: Mai
authors: School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Han
authors: School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: CDF27212@21cn.com.
authors: Dongfeng
authors: D
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D037121:Plant Lectins; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C034551:maclurin; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D007501:Iron
keywords: Antioxidant mechanism; Hydrogen atom transfer HAT; Hydroxyl radical; Maclurin; Ortho-benzoquinone; Sequential electron proton transfer SEPT