title: Direct contact membrane distillation of dairy process streams.
abstract: Membrane distillation (MD) was applied for the concentration of a range of dairy streams, such as whole milk, skim milk and whey. MD of a pure lactose solution was also investigated. Direct contact MD (DCMD) mode experiments were carried out in continuous concentration mode, keeping the warm feed/retentate and cold permeate stream temperatures at 54 °C and 5 °C respectively. Performance in terms of flux and retention was assessed. The flux was found to decrease with an increase of dry-matter concentration in the feed. Retention of dissolved solids was found to be close to 100% and independent of the dry-matter concentration in the feed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of the fouled membranes confirms organics being present in the fouling layer.
authors: ISI-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia. angela.hausmann@live.vu.edu.au.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Hausmann
authors: ISI-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia. peter.sanciolo@vu.edu.au.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Sanciolo
authors: ISI-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia. todor.vasiljevic@vu.edu.au.
authors: Todor
authors: T
authors: Vasiljevic
authors: ISI-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia. eponnampalam@dairyinnovation.com.au.
authors: Elankovan
authors: E
authors: Ponnampalam
authors: ISI-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia. nquispe-chavez@dairyinnovation.com.au.
authors: Nohemi
authors: N
authors: Quispe-Chavez
authors: Dairy Innovation Australia Ltd., Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia. mweeks@dairyinnovation.com.au.
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Weeks
authors: ISI-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3030, Australia. mikel.duke@vu.edu.au.
authors: Mikel
authors: M
authors: Duke