title: Neuropeptides, trophic factors, and other substances providing morphofunctional and metabolic protection in experimental models of diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: Vision is the most important sensory modality for many species, including humans. Damage to the retina results in vision loss or even blindness. One of the most serious complications of diabetes, a disease that has seen a worldwide increase in prevalence, is diabetic retinopathy. This condition stems from consequences of pathological metabolism and develops in 75% of patients with type 1 and 50% with type 2 diabetes. The development of novel protective drugs is essential. In this review we provide a description of the disease and conclude that type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes lead to the same retinopathy. We evaluate existing experimental models and recent developments in finding effective compounds against this disorder. In our opinion, the best models are the long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty and spontaneously diabetic Torii rats, while the most promising substances are topically administered somatostatin and pigment epithelium-derived factor analogs, antivasculogenic substances, and systemic antioxidants. Future drug development should focus on these.
authors: Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary. Electronic address: kriszta.szabadfi@gmail.com.
authors: Krisztina
authors: K
authors: Szabadfi
authors: Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Pinter
authors: Department of Anatomy, PTE MTA Lendulet-PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
authors: Dora
authors: D
authors: Reglodi
authors: Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009479:Neuropeptides
keywords: Antiapoptotic pathways; Müller glia; Retinal neurons; Retinal pigment epithelium; Retinal vasculature; Retinoprotection; Visual functions