title: Combined remote ischemic perconditioning and local postconditioning on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote ischemic perconditioning (rPER) is the newest technique described to mitigate ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Local postconditioning (POS) is also an effective technique for this purpose. It is uncertain if adding local POS to rPER provides superior liver protection, so we tested this hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty five Wistar rats were assigned into five groups: sham, IR, POS, rPER, and rPER + POS. Animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 60 min. POS consisted of four cycles of 5-min liver perfusion followed by 5-min liver ischemia (40 min total) after the major ischemic period. rPER consisted of four cycles of 5-min hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min hindlimb perfusion contemporaneously to major liver ischemic period, during its last 40 min. After 2 h, median and left lobes were harvested for malondialdehyde and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) measurement, and blood for the measurement of serum transaminases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tissue conditioning techniques were able to reduce transaminases serum levels, having no differences among them. All tissue conditioning techniques were able to reduce hepatic tissue MDA level; however, only rPER + POS had higher values than SHAM. All tissue conditioning techniques also enhanced TEAC; however, only POS had lower TEAC than SHAM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rPER appears as the most promising technique to avoid IR injury. This technique reduced oxidative stress of cell membranes and lowered transaminases serum level. There was no additive protection when POS and rPER were held together.
authors: Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Department of Operatory Technique, Para State University, Brazil. Electronic address: felipe.lobato@live.com.
authors: Felipe Lobato da Silva
authors: FL
authors: Costa
authors: Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Department of Operatory Technique, Para State University, Brazil.
authors: Vitor Nagai
authors: VN
authors: Yamaki
authors: Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Department of Operatory Technique, Para State University, Brazil.
authors: Thiago Barbosa
authors: TB
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Department of Operatory Technique, Para State University, Brazil.
authors: João Vitor Baia
authors: JV
authors: Coelho
authors: Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pará, Brazil.
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Percário
authors: Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Department of Operatory Technique, Para State University, Brazil.
authors: Marcus Vinicius Henriques
authors: MV
authors: Brito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: Ischemia; Ischemic postconditioning; Liver failure; Reperfusion; Transplantation; Transplantation conditioning