title: In vitro and in silico studies to explore structural features of flavonoids for aldehyde oxidase inhibition.
abstract: Aldehyde oxidase (AO), an important enzyme in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, is inhibited by flavonoids. This enzyme can metabolize both aldehydes and N-heterocycles. In this work, a set of 15 flavonoids was assessed for inhibitory activity on the AO oxidation of vanillin as an aldehyde substrate. Spectrophotometrically determined IC50 values showed that myricetin, quercetin, and epicatechin were the most potent inhibitors. The results also revealed that the inhibition of vanillin oxidation by flavonoids was stronger than that of phenanthridine oxidation (an N-heterocyclic substrate) as reported previously. In order to investigate the important structural features responsible for the inhibitory effects of the studied flavonoids, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was performed. This study showed that the size of the flavonoids was the most important factor inversely affecting their potencies. The QSAR model can be used more broadly to predict the AO inhibitory activity of flavonoid-like structures for application in food-drug and drug-drug interaction studies.
authors: Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Hamzeh-Mivehroud
authors: Seifullah
authors: S
authors: Rahmani
authors: Mohammad-Ali Hosseinpour
authors: MA
authors: Feizi
authors: Siavoush
authors: S
authors: Dastmalchi
authors: Mohammad-Reza
authors: MR
authors: Rashidi
mesh_terms: D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase
keywords: Aldehyde oxidase; Enzyme inhibition; Molecular docking; QSAR; Vanillin