title: Animal models of disease: classification and etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in dogs and cats. The most common form of diabetes in dogs resembles type 1 diabetes in humans. Studies suggest that genetics, an immune-mediated component, and environmental factors are involved in the development of diabetes in dogs. A variant of gestational diabetes also occurs in dogs. The most common form of diabetes in cats resembles type 2 diabetes in humans. A major risk factor in cats is obesity. Obese cats have altered expression of several insulin signaling genes and glucose transporters and are leptin resistant. Cats also form amyloid deposits within the islets of the pancreas and develop glucotoxicity when exposed to prolonged hyperglycemia. This review will briefly summarize our current knowledge about the etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats and illustrate the similarities among dogs, cats, and humans.
authors: Department of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USAClinic for Small Animal Internal MedicineVetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland rwnelson@UCDAVIS.EDU.
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: Nelson
authors: Department of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USAClinic for Small Animal Internal MedicineVetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Claudia E
authors: CE
authors: Reusch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology; D002415:Cats; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: autoimmune; diabetes; insulin resistance; islet cells; obesity