title: Comparison of extracapsular pseudotumors seen in magnetic resonance imaging and in revision surgery of 167 failed metal-on-metal hip replacements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for detecting extracapsular pseudotumors, but there is little information on the accuracy of MRI and appropriate intervals for repeated imaging. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting pseudotumors in 155 patients (167 hips) with metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties that failed due to adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative MRIs were performed with two 1.5 T MRI scanners and graded by a senior musculoskeletal radiologist using a previously described MRI pseudotumor grading system. Revision findings were retrieved from surgical notes, and pseudotumors were retrospectively graded as fluid-filled, mixed-type, or solid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of MRI was 71% and the specificity was 87% for detecting extracapsular pseudotumors. The sensitivity was 88% (95% CI: 70-96) when MRI was performed less than 3 months before the revision surgery. Interestingly, when the time that elapsed between MRI and revision was more than 1 year, the sensitivity calculated was only 29% (95% CI: 14-56). Comparison between MRI and revision classifications gave moderate agreement (Cohen's kappa = 0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A recent MRI predicts the presence of a pseudotumor well, but there is more discrepancy when the MRI examination is over a year old, most likely due to the formation of new pseudotumors. 1 year could be a justifiable limit for considering a new MRI if development of ARMD is suspected. MRI images over a year old should not be used in decision making or in planning of revision surgery for MoM hips.
authors: Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement , Tampere , Finland .
authors: Olli
authors: O
authors: Lainiala
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Elo
authors: Aleksi
authors: A
authors: Reito
authors: Jorma
authors: J
authors: Pajamäki
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Puolakka
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Eskelinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000473:pathology*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D061825:Metal-on-Metal Joint Prostheses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D012086:Reoperation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008670:Metals