title: Physical activity, hydration and health.
abstract: Since the beginning of mankind, man has sought ways to promote and preserve health as well as to prevent disease. Hydration, physical activity and exercise are key factors for enhancing human health. However, either a little dose of them or an excess can be harmful for health maintenance at any age. Water is an essential nutrient for human body and a major key to survival has been to prevent dehydration. However, there is still a general controversy regarding the necessary amount to drink water or other beverages to properly get an adequate level of hydration. In addition, up to now the tools used to measure hydration are controversial. To this end, there are several important groups of variables to take into account such as water balance, hydration biomarkers and total body water. A combination of methods will be the most preferred tool to find out any risk or situation of dehydration at any age range. On the other hand, physical activity and exercise are being demonstrated to promote health, avoiding or reducing health problems, vascular and inflammatory disea ses and helping weight management. Therefore, physical activity is also being used as a pill within a therapy to promote health and reduce risk diseases, but as in the case of drugs, dose, intensity, frequency, duration and precautions have to be evaluated and taken into account in order to get the maximum effectiveness and success of a treatment. On the other hand, sedentariness is the opposite concept to physical activity that has been recently recognized as an important factor of lifestyle involved in the obesogenic environment and consequently in the risk of the non-communicable diseases. In view of the literature consulted and taking into account the expertise of the authors, in this review a Decalogue of global recommendations is included to achieve an adequate hydration and physical activity status to avoid overweight/obesity consequences.
authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition. Spanish National Research Council. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Ascensión
authors: A
authors: Marcos
authors: Spanish Federation of Sport Medicine. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Manonelles
authors: Unit of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition. Centre of Sport Medicine. High Sport Council. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Nieves
authors: N
authors: Palacios
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga. Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Wärnberg
authors: School of Health Sciences and Sport. University of Zaragoza. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Casajús
authors: School of Health Sciences. European University of Madrid. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Pérez
authors: School of Sport Sciences. University of Castilla-La Mancha. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Aznar
authors: Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences.. Technical University of Madrid. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Pedro J
authors: PJ
authors: Benito
authors: Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Martínez-Gomez
authors: School of Sport Sciences. University of Granada. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Francisco B
authors: FB
authors: Ortega
authors: School of Sciences. University of Extremadura. Spain.. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Ortega
authors: Coca-Cola Iberia. amarcos@ictan.csic.es.
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Urrialde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers