title: Novel hemoglobin particles--promising new-generation hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.
abstract: During the last 30 years, artificial oxygen carriers have been investigated intensively with the aim to develop universal blood substitutes. Favorably, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are expected to meet the sophisticated requirements. However, the HBOCs tested until now show serious side effects, which resulted in failure of clinical trials and Food and Drug Administration disapproval. The main problem consists in vasoconstriction triggered by nitric oxide (NO) scavenging or/and oxygen oversupply in the pre-capillary arterioles. HBOCs with a size between 100 nm and 1 µm and high oxygen affinity are needed. Here we present a highly effective and simple fabrication procedure, which can provide hemoglobin particles (HbPs) with a narrow size distribution of around 700 nm, nearly uniform morphology, high oxygen affinity, and low immunogenicity. Isolated mouse glomeruli are successfully perfused with concentrated HbP suspensions without any observable vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. The results suggest no oxygen oversupply and limited NO scavenging by these particles, featuring them as a highly promising blood substitute.
authors: Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Bäumler
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Xiong
authors: Zhi Zhao
authors: ZZ
authors: Liu
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Patzak
authors: Radostina
authors: R
authors: Georgieva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Artificial oxygen carriers; Hemoglobin; Oxygen affinity; Submicron particles