title: N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Primes Plants for Cell Wall Reinforcement and Induces Resistance to Bacterial Pathogens via the Salicylic Acid/Oxylipin Pathway.
abstract: The ability of plants to monitor their surroundings, for instance the perception of bacteria, is of crucial importance. The perception of microorganism-derived molecules and their effector proteins is the best understood of these monitoring processes. In addition, plants perceive bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecules used for cell-to-cell communication between bacteria. Here, we propose a mechanism for how N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a group of QS molecules, influence host defense and fortify resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against bacterial pathogens. N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) primed plants for enhanced callose deposition, accumulation of phenolic compounds, and lignification of cell walls. Moreover, increased levels of oxylipins and salicylic acid favored closure of stomata in response to Pseudomonas syringae infection. The AHL-induced resistance seems to differ from the systemic acquired and the induced systemic resistances, providing new insight into inter-kingdom communication. Consistent with the observation that short-chain AHLs, unlike oxo-C14-HSL, promote plant growth, treatments with C6-HSL, oxo-C10-HSL, or oxo-C14-HSL resulted in different transcriptional profiles in Arabidopsis. Understanding the priming induced by bacterial QS molecules augments our knowledge of plant reactions to bacteria and suggests strategies for using beneficial bacteria in plant protection.
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Sebastian T
authors: ST
authors: Schenk
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Casandra
authors: C
authors: Hernández-Reyes
authors: Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Samans
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Elke
authors: E
authors: Stein
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Neumann
authors: Department of Sensor Data and Information Fusion, Fraunhofer FKIE, 53343 Wachtberg, Germany.
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Schikora
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Reichelt
authors: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Plant Defense, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Mithöfer
authors: Plant Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Botany, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Becker
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors: Karl-Heinz
authors: KH
authors: Kogel
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany adam.schikora@agrar.uni-giessen.de.
authors: Adam
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-6423
authors: A
authors: Schikora