title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to promote treatment adherence in children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of recent adherence-promoting interventions for youth with chronic health conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials of adherence-promoting interventions for youth with a chronic illness published between 2007 and 2013 (n = 23) were reviewed. Intervention delivery (in-person vs. technology-based) and outcome measurement (e.g., self-report) were examined as potential moderators of treatment effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean effect sizes were small at posttreatment (d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.31, n = 23) and follow-up (d = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.43, n = 9). Intervention delivery and outcome measurement did not account for variation in treatment effects (p > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small treatment effects of recent adherence-promoting intervention (APIs) reflect the methodological limitations of the included studies and the need to reexamine the delivery and mechanisms of adherence-promoting interventions.
authors: Center for Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center ahna.pai@cchmc.org.
authors: Ahna L H
authors: AL
authors: Pai
authors: Center for Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
authors: Meghan
authors: M
authors: McGrady
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adherence; chronic illness; computer applications/eHealth; effect size; meta-analysis