title: Cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide in consolidation treatment of standard-risk Ewing sarcoma: results of the randomized noninferiority Euro-EWING99-R1 trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relative efficacy and toxicity of cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide are debatable. The Euro-EWING99-R1 trial asked whether cyclophosphamide may replace ifosfamide in combination with vincristine and dactinomycin (vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide [VAC] v vincristine, dactinomycin, and ifosfamide [VAI]) after an intensive induction chemotherapy containing vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in standard-risk localized disease (NCT00020566).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard-risk Ewing sarcomas were localized tumors with either a good histologic response to chemotherapy (< 10% cells) or small tumors (< 200 mL) resected at diagnosis or receiving radiotherapy alone as local treatment. Patients entered the trial after six VIDE+1 VAI courses. Allocated treatment was either 7 VAC courses with 1.5 g/m(2) of cyclophosphamide or seven VAI-courses with 6 g/m(2) ifosfamide. The limit of noninferiority was set at -8.5% for the 3-year event-free survival rate (EFS), equivalent to 1.43 in terms of the hazard ratio of event (HR(event)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This large international trial recruited 856 patients between February 2000 and March 2010 (n = 431 receiving VAC and n = 425 receiving VAI). With a median follow-up of 5.9 years, the 3-year EFSs were 75.4% and 78.2%, respectively, the 3-year EFS difference was -2.8% (91.4% CI, -7.8 to 2.2%), the HR(event) was 1.12 (91.4% CI, 0.89 to 1.41), and the HR(death) was 1.09 (91.4% CI, 0.84 to 1.42; intention-to-treat). The HR(event) was 1.22 (91.4% CI, 0.96 to 1.54) on the per-protocol population. Major treatment modifications were significantly less frequent in the VAC arm (< 1%) than in the VAI arm (7%), mainly resulting from toxicity. Patients experienced more frequent thrombocytopenia in the VAC arm (45% v 35%) but fewer grade 2 to 4 acute tubular toxicities (16% v 31%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclophosphamide may be able to replace ifosfamide in consolidation treatment of standard-risk Ewing sarcoma. However, some uncertainty surrounding the noninferiority of VAC compared with VAI remains at this stage. The ongoing comparative evaluation of long-term renal and gonadal toxicity is crucial to decisions regarding future patients.
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. marie-cecile.ledeley@igr.fr.
authors: Marie-Cécile
authors: MC
authors: Le Deley
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Paulussen
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Lewis
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Bernadette
authors: B
authors: Brennan
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Ranft
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Whelan
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Gwénaël
authors: G
authors: Le Teuff
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Michon
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Ladenstein
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Perrine
authors: P
authors: Marec-Bérard
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Henk
authors: H
authors: van den Berg
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Hjorth
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Wheatley
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Judson
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Heribert
authors: H
authors: Juergens
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Craft
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Odile
authors: O
authors: Oberlin
authors: Odile Oberlin, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Jean Michon, Institut Curie, Paris; Perrine Marec-Bérard, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France; Michael Paulussen, Vestische Kinder-und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln; Andreas Ranft, Heribert Juergens, and Uta Dirksen, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Ian Lewis, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool; Bernadette Brennan, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester; Jeremy Whelan, University College London Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Ian Judson, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith Wheatley, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Alan Craft, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Ruth Ladenstein, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Henk van den Berg, Emma Children Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Lars Hjorth, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Uta
authors: U
authors: Dirksen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D060830:Consolidation Chemotherapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007069:Ifosfamide