title: Assessment of drug-induced immunotoxicity in animal models.
abstract: With the growing understanding that drugs might induce immune-mediated adverse reactions in patients, immunotoxicity testing of new pharmaceuticals has become an important topic in drug development. The nonclinical assessment of unexpected immune suppression is based on relatively well-standardized and validated assays and animal models. For the evaluation of direct immune stimulation few animal models are available, whilst the development of animal models to assess drug-induced hypersensitivity and in particular autoimmunity is in its infancy.:
authors: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Immunotoxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Femke
authors: F
authors: van Wijk
authors: Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Tumorimmunology, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address:S.Nierkens@ncmls.ru.nl.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Nierkens