title: Hypothalamic Kiss1 and RFRP gene expressions are changed by a high dose of lipopolysaccharide in female rats.
abstract: Reproductive function is suppressed by several types of stress. Hypothalamic kisspeptin, which is a product of the Kiss1 gene, and GnIH/RFRP have pivotal roles in the regulation of GnRH and gonadotropins through their receptors Kiss1r and GPR147 in many species. However, alterations of these factors under stress conditions have not been fully evaluated. This study investigated the mechanisms of immune stress-induced reproductive dysfunction, especially focusing on the changes of Kiss1 and RFRP gene expression. Serum LH levels and hypothalamic Kiss1 and GnRH mRNA levels were decreased, while hypothalamic RFRP and GPR147 mRNA levels were increased by administration of a high dose of LPS (5mg/kg) in both ovariectomized and gonadal intact female rats. In this condition, Kiss1 and/or RFRP mRNA levels were positively and negatively correlated with GnRH expression, respectively. In contrast, hypothalamic Kiss1, RFRP, and GPR147 mRNA levels were not changed by administration of a moderate dose of LPS (500μg/kg) in ovariectomized rats. Rats with high-dose LPS injection showed more prolonged fever responses and severe anorexia compared with rats with moderate-dose LPS injection, indicating that more energy was used for the immune response in the former. These results suggest that the underlying mechanisms of dysfunction of gonadotropin secretion are changed according to the severity of immune stress, and that changes of some reserved factors, such as kisspeptin and RFRP, begin to participate in the suppression of GnRH and gonadotropin in severe conditions. As reproduction needs a large amount of energy, dysfunction of gonadotropin secretion under immune stress may be a biophylatic mechanism by which more energy is saved for the immune response.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. Electronic address: iwasa.takeshi@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Iwasa
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Toshiya
authors: T
authors: Matsuzaki
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Altankhuu
authors: A
authors: Tungalagsuvd
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Munkhsaikhan
authors: M
authors: Munkhzaya
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Kawami
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Hirobumi
authors: H
authors: Niki
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kato
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kuwahara
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Uemura
authors: Department of Reproductive Technology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Yasui
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Irahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; C491406:Kiss1 protein, rat; D059648:Kisspeptins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009479:Neuropeptides; C416987:RFamide peptide
keywords: GPR147; GnRH; Kiss1; Kisspeptin; LPS; RFRP; Stress