title: Flapped or flapless surgery for narrow-diameter implant placement for overdentures: advantages, disadvantages, indications, and clinical rationale.
abstract: Narrow-diameter implants for overdenture applications have gained in popularity due to their ability to be placed with simplified and less traumatic surgical protocols in limited-width alveolar ridges. The decision of whether to use a flapped or flapless procedure must be guided by a thorough evaluation and evidence-based diagnosis. This article reviews current principles relating to the use of narrow-diameter implants, along with the advantages and disadvantages of current surgical protocols. The indications for the use of each surgical procedure are demonstrated by case reports that highlight diagnosis, surgical planning, and final treatment outcomes.
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Scherer
authors: Andrew P
authors: AP
authors: Ingel
authors: Nakul
authors: N
authors: Rathi
mesh_terms: D003828:Denture, Overlay; D006801:Humans; D013524:Surgical Flaps