title: Proteomic analysis of equine amniotic membrane: characterization of proteins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human amniotic membrane (AM) has been used as a biomaterial for surgical wound skin and ocular surface reconstruction for several years. Currently, equine AM has been used for corneal reconstruction in several animal species, and appears to have the same properties as human AM. Despite the observed positive healing abilities of this tissue in horses with ulcerative keratitis the proteins of equine AM have not been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify proteins known to be associated with corneal healing from frozen equine AM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placentas were acquired from healthy live foal births from a local Thoroughbred breeding farm. The amnion was removed from the chorion by blunt dissection, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and treated with 0.05% trypsin and 0.02% ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid in PBS. Amnion was attached to nitrocellulose paper (epithelial side up), and cut into 4 × 4 cm pieces. The sheets were frozen at -80 °C. The protein samples were solubilized, and analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis and shotgun proteomics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reference identification map of the equine AM proteins was produced and 149 different proteins were identified. From gel-based proteomics, 49 spots were excised and 43 proteins identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Shotgun proteomics identified 116 proteins with an overlap of 10 proteins in both analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have described a reference map for equine AM proteins that may provide a background to explain the positive results found in horses with ulcerative keratopathies using this biomaterial.
authors: Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
authors: Paula D
authors: PD
authors: Galera
authors: Cássio R
authors: CR
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Harold L
authors: HL
authors: Sapp
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Coleman
authors: Wagner
authors: W
authors: Fontes
authors: Dennis E
authors: DE
authors: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: amniotic membrane; dermatopontin; horse; lumican; protein; proteome