title: Iatrogenic cholesteatoma arising at the bony-cartilaginous junction of the external auditory canal: a late sequela of intact canal wall mastoidectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to describe the presentation and management of a rare site of cholesteatoma recurrence at the bony-cartilaginous junction after intact canal wall (ICW) mastoidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with cholesteatoma formation arising from the bony-cartilaginous (BC) junction of the external auditory canal (EAC) requiring surgical intervention were retrospectively identified across a 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated surgically to eradicate the disease and reconstruct the bony defect when possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study details the presentation, risk factors, and management of a rare site of cholesteatoma recurrence after ICW mastoidectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ICW mastoidectomy, eight patients were identified with fistulae in the lateral EAC near the BC junction. Seven patients had associated iatrogenic cholesteatomas arising at this site, and one patient had a dry fistula with bony stenosis of the EAC. All patients had a history of chronic otitis media and previous surgery. Patients averaged 9 years between surgery and recidivism. Reconstruction of the bony defect was completed using hydroxyapatite reconstruction plates in four patients with 75% success, soft wall reconstruction in two patients using temporalis muscle, and canal wall down mastoidectomy in two patients who had extensive disease and exposed dura. No recurrent disease was evident during an average follow-up of 16 months. EAC reconstruction was successful in 83% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series reports a novel pattern of iatrogenic cholesteatoma formation near the BC junction of the EAC that can occur years after ICW mastoidectomy. In properly selected cases, this condition can be managed with revision ICW mastoidectomy and reconstruction.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors: Scott J
authors: SJ
authors: Cronin
authors: Hussam K
authors: HK
authors: El-Kashlan
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Telian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002356:Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000601:surgery*; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult