title: Proinflammatory and phagocytic functions of alveolar macrophages in obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent epidemiologic investigations have pointed to an increase susceptibility of obese individuals to lower respiratory tract infections. The cellular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon has not been identified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether obesity per se impairs the proinflammatory and antimicrobial functions of alveolar macrophages (AM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six obese (BMI ≥ 30 < 40 kg/m(2)) and six morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2)) subjects free of comorbid diseases participated in the study. A control group (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)) matched for age and gender was included. Alveolar macrophages collected by bronchoalveolar lavage were tested for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated production of TNF-α. Phagocytosis was measured by assessing the degree of ingested opsonized and unopsonized particles. Microbicidal activity was determined by the ability of AM to kill Listeria monocytogenes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of AM in the bronchoalveolar lavage was comparable among the three groups. There was no significant difference of TNF-α levels at baseline and after LPS-stimulated production between obese, morbidly obese, and nonobese subjects. Opsonized and unopsonized phagocytosis and microbicidal activity remained intact and was not affected by increasing BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that in the absence of underlying comorbidities, the increased frequency of respiratory infections in obesity cannot be explained by impairment of alveolar macrophages. Further work is required to delineate the relationship between obesity and the noncellular aspects of innate immunity.
authors: Western New York Respiratory Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States. Electronic address:solh@buffalo.edu.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: El Solh
authors: Department of Anesthesia, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
authors: Jahan
authors: J
authors: Porhomayon
authors: Western New York Respiratory Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
authors: Krsitie
authors: K
authors: Szarpa