title: TRF2, but not TBP, mediates the transcription of ribosomal protein genes.
abstract: The TCT core promoter element is present in most ribosomal protein (RP) genes in Drosophila and humans. Here we show that TBP (TATA box-binding protein)-related factor TRF2, but not TBP, is required for transcription of the TCT-dependent RP genes. In cells, TCT-dependent transcription, but not TATA-dependent transcription, increases or decreases upon overexpression or depletion of TRF2. In vitro, purified TRF2 activates TCT but not TATA promoters. ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] combined with deep sequencing) experiments revealed the preferential localization of TRF2 at TCT versus TATA promoters. Hence, a specialized TRF2-based RNA polymerase II system functions in the synthesis of RPs and complements the RNA polymerase I and III systems.
authors: Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
authors: Yuan-Liang
authors: YL
authors: Wang
authors: Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
authors: Sascha H C
authors: SH
authors: Duttke
authors: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA;
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA;
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Johnston
authors: Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: Kassavetis
authors: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Zeitlinger
authors: Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
authors: James T
authors: JT
authors: Kadonaga
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021381:Protein Transport; D016385:TATA Box / Q000235:genetics; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D035341:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D035341:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2
keywords: RNA polymerase II; TCT motif; TRF2; core promoter; ribosomal protein genes