title: Homocysteine in renovascular complications: hydrogen sulfide is a modulator and plausible anaerobic ATP generator.
abstract: Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein amino acid derived from dietary methionine. High levels of Hcy, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is known to cause vascular complications. In the mammalian tissue, Hcy is metabolized by transsulfuration enzymes to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, a pungent smelling gas was previously known for its toxic effects in the central nervous system, recent studies however has revealed protective effects in a variety of diseases including hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal disease progression and failure. Interestingly, under stress conditions including hypoxia, H2S can reduce metabolic demand and also act as a substrate for ATP production. This review highlights some of the recent advances in H2S research as a potential therapeutic agent targeting renovascular diseases associated with HHcy.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, United States. Electronic address: u0sen001@louisville.edu.
authors: Utpal
authors: U
authors: Sen
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
authors: Sathnur B
authors: SB
authors: Pushpakumar
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
authors: Matthew A
authors: MA
authors: Amin
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
authors: Suresh C
authors: SC
authors: Tyagi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D006710:Homocysteine; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Extracellular matrix; Homocysteine; Hydrogen sulfide; Hypertension; Inflammation; Matrix metalloproteinase; Mitophagy; Renal remodeling