title: Parkinson's disease biomarker: a patent evaluation of WO2013153386.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder resultant from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. There is an urgent need for effective biomarkers that can be used in the early diagnosis of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in PD pathology, which has led to the evaluation of mitophagy markers, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), and PARKIN as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current patent describes the use of phosphorylation of PINK1 and PARKIN as a diagnostic measure. Specifically, Ser65 on PARKIN, which is phosphorylated by PINK1, and the autophosphorylation of PINK1 at Thr257 are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This patent describes a much needed methodology that can easily be adapted in the clinical setting by which a biological sample, such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid, is collected and analyzed for the phosphorylation markers. Here, the phosphorylation activity seen in PINK1 and PARKIN can differentiate between age-matched controls and PD patients. This patent presents a novel diagnostic measure in early PD, as well as determines which medications would have a beneficial effect on a patient's disease progression.
authors: Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Rootstown, 4209 State Route 44, OH 44272 , USA +1 330 325 6474 ; +1 330 325 5936 ; wgeldenh@neomed.edu.
authors: Werner J
authors: WJ
authors: Geldenhuys
authors: Samir M
authors: SM
authors: Abdelmagid
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: Gallegos
authors: Fayez F
authors: FF
authors: Safadi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011494:Protein Kinases; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase; C111567:parkin protein
keywords: autophagy; clinical testing; mitochondrial membrane potential; mitophagy