title: Minimally invasive surgery of sialolithiasis using sialendoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of minimally invasive surgical procedures using sialendoscopy has significantly reduced the rate of major salivary gland removal due to sialolithiasis. The present study assessed the utility of sialendoscopy and identified potential factors influencing successful sialendoscopic salivary stone retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of sialendoscopic procedures performed at the Department of Otolaryngology of the National Defense Medical College in Japan from November 2007 to January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 78 patients diagnosed with sialolithiasis and treated with sialendoscopy (SE). Factors analyzed included stone location, size, symptom duration, surgical methods, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at presentation was 41 years (range, 11-76 years) with a male-to-female gender ratio of 1:1.89. In total, 73 submandibular and 5 parotid endoscopies were performed. Stone size ranged from 2 to 20mm in diameter. Submandibular stones were removed either by SE alone (9.6%), by transoral stone removal (19.2%), or a combined approach (57.5%). Only 13.7% (10/73) of the cases required submandibular gland removal. Stone size and shape were significant predictors for successful endoscopic stone removal, and stone size and location were significant predictors for submandibular gland removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sialendoscopy is a reasonable, minimally invasive treatment option for sialolithiasis that avoids salivary gland removal. The present results indicate that sialendoscopy is the first treatment of choice for submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Complete surgical excision is becoming uncommon as a first-line treatment, but it remains indispensable in certain cases.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. Electronic address: takeshim@ndmc.ac.jp.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Matsunobu
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Takaomi
authors: T
authors: Kurioka
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Miyagawa
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Araki
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Tamura
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Katsuki
authors: K
authors: Niwa
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Tomifuji
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Yamashita
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Shiotani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020792:Salivary Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D013364:Submandibular Gland Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gland preservation; Salivary gland; Sialendoscopy; Sialolithiasis; Transoral stone removal