title: Open globe injury in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia - A 10-year review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the aetiology of open globe injuries at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a period of 10y and the prognostic factors for visual outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records of open globe injury cases that presented from January 2000 to December 2009. Classification of open globe injury was based on the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Records were obtained with hospital permission via the in-house electronic patient management system, and the case notes of all patients with a diagnosis of open globe injury were scrutinised. Patients with prior ocular trauma, pre-existing ocular conditions affecting the visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, central vision or corneal thickness, as well as those with a history of previous intraocular or refractive surgery were excluded. Analysis of data was with SPSS version 20.0. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between prognostic factors and visual outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study involved 220 patients (n=222 eyes). The most common place of injury was the home (51.8%), followed by the workplace (23.4%). Among children aged less than 16y of age, domestic-related injury was the predominant cause (54.6%), while in those aged 16y and above, occupational injuries were the most common cause (40.0%). Most eyes (76.5%) had an initial visual acuity worse than 3/60, and in half of these, the visual acuity improved. The visual outcome was found to be significantly associated with the initial visual acuity (P<0.005), posterior extent of wound (P<0.001), length of wound (P<0.001), presence of hyphaema (P<0.001) and presence of vitreous prolapse ((P<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common causes of open globe injury are domestic accidents and occupational injuries. Significant prognostic factors for final visual outcome in patients with open globe injury are initial visual acuity, posterior extent and length of wound, presence of hyphaema and presence of vitreous prolapse. Awareness of the factors predicting a poor visual outcome may be helpful during counselling of patients with open globe injuries.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia ; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
authors: A/L Paramananda
authors: AP
authors: Madhusudhan
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia ; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
authors: Li Min
authors: LM
authors: Evelyn-Tai
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia ; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
authors: Noordin
authors: N
authors: Zamri
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia ; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
authors: Hussein
authors: H
authors: Adil
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia ; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
authors: Wan Hitam
authors: WH
authors: Wan-Hazabbah
keywords: accidents; eye injuries; intraocular foreign body; occupational injuries; vision disability; visual impairment