title: Resistant hypertension in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Resistant hypertension in diabetes is associated with poor cardiovascular and renal outcomes. This brief review will examine the definitions and epidemiology of resistant hypertension and consider the differences between apparent resistant hypertension and truly resistant or refractory hypertension. It will review the role of the sympathetic nervous system in resistant hypertension. It will consider the relationship between obesity and leptin resistance and sympathetic signaling; the role of obstructive sleep apnea in resistant hypertension; and the role of aldosterone in resistant hypertension. It will conclude by mentioning briefly renal nerve ablation.
authors: Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, APC 9, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI, 02906, USA, gbayliss@lifespan.org.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Bayliss
authors: Larry A
authors: LA
authors: Weinrauch
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: D'Elia
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D000450:Aldosterone