title: Aroma evaluation of setonojigiku (Chrysanthemum japonense var. debile) by hydrodistillation and solvent-assisted flavour evaporation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Chrysanthemum genus consisting of about 200 species is mainly distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Despite the pleasant odour of C. japonense var. debile (setonojigiku), no detailed analysis of the aroma-active compounds has been reported using sensory evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using a hydrodistillation (HD) and a solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) method to obtain the volatile oil from the leaf parts.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify odorants contributing to the characteristic aroma-active compounds, the aroma-extract dilution analysis (AEDA) method was performed through gas chromatography olfactometry (GC/O) analysis. In addition, the odour activity value (OAV) was calculated in order to determine the relative contribution of each compound to the aroma-active compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 42 components by HD oil were identified by GC-MS, whereas 34 components were identified in SAFE oil. Thirteen compounds were identified by GC/O analysis in HD and SAFE oils respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Each extraction method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and they are generally complementary to each other. On the basis of AEDA, OAV and sensory evaluations, [2.2.1] bicyclic monoterpenes (borneol, bornyl acetate and camphor) and β-caryophyllene are considered to be the main aroma-active compounds of both extraction methods.
authors: Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Usami
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Nakahashi
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Marumoto
authors: Mitsuo
authors: M
authors: Miyazawa
mesh_terms: D001892:Camphanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002164:Camphor / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry*; D057168:Distillation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009812:Odorants; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064367:Olfactometry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012903:Smell; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D012997:Solvents; C071528:bornyl acetate; D002164:Camphor; C024714:caryophyllene; C022871:isoborneol
keywords: Aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA); Chrysanthemum japonense var. debile (setonojigiku); hydrodistillation (HD); odour activity value (OAV); solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE)