title: Gasoline toxicology: overview of regulatory and product stewardship programs.
abstract: Significant efforts have been made to characterize the toxicological properties of gasoline. There have been both mandatory and voluntary toxicology testing programs to generate hazard characterization data for gasoline, the refinery process streams used to blend gasoline, and individual chemical constituents found in gasoline. The Clean Air Act (CAA) (Clean Air Act, 2012: § 7401, et seq.) is the primary tool for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate gasoline and this supplement presents the results of the Section 211(b) Alternative Tier 2 studies required for CAA Fuel and Fuel Additive registration. Gasoline blending streams have also been evaluated by EPA under the voluntary High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program through which the petroleum industry provide data on over 80 refinery streams used in gasoline. Product stewardship efforts by companies and associations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API), Conservation of Clean Air and Water Europe (CONCAWE), and the Petroleum Product Stewardship Council (PPSC) have contributed a significant amount of hazard characterization data on gasoline and related substances. The hazard of gasoline and anticipated exposure to gasoline vapor has been well characterized for risk assessment purposes.
authors: American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, United States. Electronic address: swickd@api.org.
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: Swick
authors: RegNet, 1250 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, United States. Electronic address: ajaques@regnet.com.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Jaques
authors: Keller and Heckman LLP, 1001 G Street, N.W., Suite 500W, Washington, DC 20001, United States. Electronic address: walker@khlaw.com.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Walker
authors: Keller and Heckman LLP, 1001 G Street, N.W., Suite 500W, Washington, DC 20001, United States. Electronic address: estreicher@khlaw.com.
authors: Herb
authors: H
authors: Estreicher
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D005742:Gasoline / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000633:toxicity*; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010578:Petroleum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D010578:Petroleum
keywords: Clean Air Act; Gasoline toxicology; Gasoline vapors; Hazard characterization; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program; Product stewardship; Risk assessment