title: Real-time biofeedback to target risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a technical report for injury prevention and rehabilitation.
abstract: Biofeedback training enables an athlete to alter biomechanical and physiological function by receiving biomechanical and physiological data concurrent with or immediately after a task.
  
  
  
  To compare the effects of 2 different modes of real-time biofeedback focused on reducing risk factors related to anterior cruciate ligament injury.
  
  
  
  Randomized crossover study design.
  
  
  
  Biomechanics laboratory and sports medicine center.
  
  
  
  Female high school soccer players (age 14.8 ± 1.0 y, height 162.6 ± 6.8 cm, mass 55.9 ± 7.0 kg; n = 4).
  
  
  
  A battery of kinetic- or kinematic-based real-time biofeedback during repetitive double-leg squats.
  
  
  
  Baseline and posttraining drop vertical jumps were collected to determine if either feedback method improved high injury risk landing mechanics.
  
  
  
  Maximum knee abduction moment and angle during the landing was significantly decreased after kinetic-focused biofeedback (P = .04). The reduced knee abduction moment during the drop vertical jumps after kinematic-focused biofeedback was not different (P = .2). Maximum knee abduction angle was significantly decreased after kinetic biofeedback (P < .01) but only showed a trend toward reduction after kinematic biofeedback (P = .08).
  
  
  
  The innovative biofeedback employed in the current study reduced knee abduction load and posture from baseline to posttraining during a drop vertical jump.
authors: Dept of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC.
authors: Kevin R
authors: KR
authors: Ford
authors: Christopher A
authors: CA
authors: DiCesare
authors: Gregory D
authors: GD
authors: Myer
authors: Timothy E
authors: TE
authors: Hewett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000502:physiology; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: biofeedback training; ACL injury prevention; knee abduction biomechanics; female athlete; valgus posture