title: Cytokine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of great danes with cervical spondylomyelopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical spondylotic myelopathy and could also play a role in cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) in dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  That cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations would differ between clinically normal (control) and CSM-affected Great Danes (GDs), with affected GDs showing higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned GDs: 15 control, 15 CSM-affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study. Dogs underwent cervical vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging and collection of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercially available canine multiplex immunoassay. Cytokine concentrations were compared between groups. Associations with the administration of anti-inflammatory medications, disease duration and severity, severity of spinal cord (SC) compression, and SC signal changes were investigated in affected GDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Affected GDs had significantly lower MCP-1/CCL2 (mean 138.03 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.85-161.20) than control GDs (212.89 pg/mL, 95% CI = 165.68-260.11, P = .028). In affected GDs, MCP-1/CCL2 concentrations correlated inversely with the severity of SC compression. There were no associations with administration of anti-inflammatory medications, disease duration, or disease severity. IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher (2.20 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.92-2.47, P < .001) in GDs with SC signal changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower MCP-1/CCL2 in CSM-affected GDs might compromise clearance of axonal and myelin debris, delay axon regeneration, and affect recovery. Higher IL-6 in CSM-affected GDs with SC signal changes suggests more severe inflammation in this group.
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Martin-Vaquero
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: da Costa
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Moore
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Gross
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Eubank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004285:Dogs / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D007378:Interleukins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins
keywords: Biomarker; Dog; Spinal cord disease; Wobbler syndrome