title: Antibiotic-loaded cement in orthopedic surgery: a review.
abstract: Infections in orthopaedic surgery are a serious issue. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement was developed for the treatment of infected joint arthroplasties and for prophylaxes in total joint replacement in selected cases. Despite the widespread use of the antibiotic-loaded bone cement in orthopedics, many issues are still unclear or controversial: bacterial adhesion and antibiotic resistance, modification of mechanical properties which follows the addition of the antibiotic, factors influencing the release of the antibiotic from the cement and the role of the surface, the method for mixing the cement and the antibiotic, the choice and the effectiveness of the antibiotic, the combination of two or more antibiotics, and the toxicity. This review discusses all these topics, focusing on properties, merits, and defects of the antibiotic loaded cement. The final objective is to provide the orthopaedic surgeons clear and concise information for the correct choice of cement in their clinical practice.
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, AO CTO Hospital, Turin, Italy ; c/o AO CTO/M. Adelaide, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Bistolfi
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, AO CTO Hospital, Turin, Italy ; c/o AO CTO/M. Adelaide, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy ; University of the Studies of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Massazza
authors: Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic of Turin, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24-10129 Turin, Italy.
authors: Enrica
authors: E
authors: Verné
authors: University of the Studies of Turin, Turin, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, c/o S. Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10-10043 Orbassano, Italy.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Massè
authors: c/o AO CTO/M. Adelaide, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy ; University of the Studies of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Deledda
authors: Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic of Turin, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24-10129 Turin, Italy.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Ferraris
authors: Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic of Turin, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24-10129 Turin, Italy.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Miola
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, AO CTO Hospital, Turin, Italy ; c/o AO CTO/M. Adelaide, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Galetto
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, AO CTO Hospital, Turin, Italy ; c/o AO CTO/M. Adelaide, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy ; University of the Studies of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Crova