title: Serum adiposity-induced biomarkers in obese and lean children with recently diagnosed autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes. Adipokines, which regulate obesity-induced inflammation, may contribute to this association. We compared serum adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in obese and lean children with new-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 32 lean and 18 obese children (age range: 2-18 yr) with new-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes and followed them for up to 2 yr. Serum adipokines [leptin, total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, omentin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin], cytokines [interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at a median of 7 wk after diagnosis (range: 3-16 wk).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lean children were 71.9% non-Hispanic White, 21.9% Hispanic, and 6.3% African-American, compared with 27.8, 55.6, and 16.7%, respectively, for obese children (p = 0.01). Compared with lean children, obese children had significantly higher serum leptin, visfatin, chemerin, TNF-alpha and CRP, and lower total adiponectin and omentin after adjustment for race/ethnicity and Tanner stage. African-American race was independently associated with higher leptin among youth ≥10 yr (p = 0.007). Leptin levels at onset positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c after 1-2 yr (p = 0.0001) independently of body mass index, race/ethnicity, and diabetes duration. Higher TNF-alpha was associated with obesity and female gender, after adjustment for race/ethnicity (p = 0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children with new-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes have a proinflammatory profile of circulating adipokines and cytokines that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Redondo
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Rodriguez
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: Haymond
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Hampe
authors: E O
authors: EO
authors: Smith
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Balasubramanyam
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Devaraj
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D013851:Thinness / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: IFN-gamma; IL-10; IL-12; IL-6; IL-8; TNF-alpha; adipokine; adiponectin; chemerin; children; cytokines; leptin; obesity; omentin; resistin; type 1 diabetes; visfatin