title: Sleep behavior and unemployment conditions.
abstract: Recent research has reported that habitually short sleep duration is a risk factor for declining health, including increased risk of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease. In this study we investigate whether macroeconomic conditions are associated with variation in mean sleep time in the United States, and if so, whether the effect is procyclical or countercyclical. We merge state unemployment rates from 2003 through 2012 with the American Time Use Survey, a nationally representative sample of adults with 24h time diaries. We find that higher aggregate unemployment is associated with longer mean sleep duration, with each additional point of state unemployment associated with an additional average 0.83 min of sleep (p<0.001), after adjusting for a secular trend of increasing sleep over the time period. Despite a national poll in 2009 that found one-third of Americans reporting losing sleep over the economy, we do not find that higher state unemployment is associated with more sleeplessness. Instead, we find that higher state unemployment is associated with less frequent time use described as "sleeplessness" (marginal effect=0.05 at 4% unemployment and 0.034 at 14% unemployment, p<0.001), after controlling for a secular trend.
authors: Yale University, 60 College Street, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Antillón
authors: University of Chicago, 5841 S, Maryland Ave. MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States. Electronic address: lauderdale@uchicago.edu.
authors: Diane S
authors: DS
authors: Lauderdale
authors: University of Wisconsin, 610 Walnut Street Room 787, WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Mullahy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004467:Economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012890:Sleep; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
keywords: Macroeconomic conditions; Sleep; Time use; Unemployment