title: 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Metabolomic Study of Chronic Organophosphate Exposure in Rats.
abstract: 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis were used to characterize rat urine obtained after chronic exposure to either tributyl phosphate (TBP) or triphenyl phosphate (TPP). In this study, the daily dose exposure was 1.5 mg/kg body weight for TBP, or 2.0 mg/kg body weight for TPP, administered over a 15-week period. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) -filtered partial least square discriminant analysis (OSC-PLSDA) was used to predict and classify exposure to these organophosphates. During the development of the model, the classification error was evaluated as a function of the number of latent variables. NMR spectral regions and corresponding metabolites important for determination of exposure type were identified using variable importance in projection (VIP) coefficients obtained from the OSC-PLSDA analysis. As expected, the model for classification of chronic (1.5-2.0 mg/kg body weight daily) TBP or TPP exposure was not as strong as the previously reported model developed for identifying acute (15-20 mg/kg body weight) exposure. The set of majorly impacted metabolites identified for chronic TBP or TPP exposure was slightly different than those metabolites previously identified for acute exposure. These metabolites were then mapped to different metabolite pathways and ranked, allowing the metabolic response to chronic organophosphate exposure to be addressed.
authors: Department of Electronic and Nanostructured Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA. tmalam@sandia.gov.
authors: Todd M
authors: TM
authors: Alam
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. munish@ncbs.res.in.
authors: Muniasamy
authors: M
authors: Neerathilingam
authors: Energetics Characterization Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA. mkalam@sandia.gov.
authors: M Kathleen
authors: MK
authors: Alam
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. David.Volk@uth.tmc.edu.
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Volk
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. sansari@utmb.edu.
authors: G A Shakeel
authors: GA
authors: Ansari
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
authors: Swapna
authors: S
authors: Sarkar
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. baluxon@utmb.edu.
authors: Bruce A
authors: BA
authors: Luxon