title: Effect of concentrate level on feeding behavior and rumen and blood parameters in dairy goats: relationships between behavioral and physiological parameters and effect of between-animal variability.
abstract: This work aimed first to compare 2 diets differing in their percentage of concentrate [low (LO): 30% concentrate vs. High (HI): 60% concentrate] by measuring simultaneously feeding behavior, rumen parameters, blood and plasma parameters, and milk yield and composition in 8 mid-lactation goats. The second aim was to study the interrelationships between these variables and to analyze the between-animal variability to better understand the between-animal differences in acidosis susceptibility. All of the animals received the 2 diets ad libitum as total mixed ration according to a crossover design of two 4-wk periods. Mean daily DMI was similar between the 2 diets but the variability was higher for the HI than for the LO diet. Goats produced more milk when fed the HI diet compared with the LO diet but with a lower fat:protein ratio (0.81 vs. 0.99). They ate more rapidly the HI than the LO diet but stopped eating sooner after the afternoon feed allowance, and spent less time chewing. The increase in concentrate percentage modified rumen parameters: the pH and acetate:propionate ratio decreased and total VFA, ammonia, and soluble carbohydrate concentrations increased. Hematocrit, plasma NEFA, and blood K and Ca concentrations decreased but glycemia and uremia increased. Other parameters were not modified: milk fat content, blood pH, and bicarbonate and Na concentrations. A large between-animal variability was detected for all the measured parameters, especially for feeding behavior, with important consequences on rumen and blood parameters. This work confirmed the effects of a high percentage of concentrate on feeding behavior, rumen and blood parameters, and milk production, and some known relationships such as the positive link between rumen pH and chewing index. It also pointed out other relationships between parameters seldom measured at the same time, such as rumen redox potential or blood pH and chewing index, or the negative link between blood and rumen pH. When the animals spent a lot of time chewing, they probably produced a lot of saliva that buffered the rumen pH and prevented them from suffering from subacute ruminal acidosis. However, they used part of their blood bicarbonates reserve, which might have induced metabolic acidosis, as rumen and blood pH were inversely related. This could explain why some animals suffer from acidosis and others do not in a herd receiving the same diet, and why some animals seem to suffer more from subacute ruminal acidosis and others from metabolic acidosis.
authors: INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: sylvie.giger-reverdin@agroparistech.fr.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Giger-Reverdin
authors: INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Rigalma
authors: INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Desnoyers
authors: INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Sauvant
authors: INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Duvaux-Ponter
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation; D008409:Mastication; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: dairy goat; feeding behavior; percentage of concentrate; rumen and blood parameters