title: Review of methods used for identification of biothreat agents in environmental protection and human health aspects.
abstract: Modern threats of bioterrorism force the need to develop methods for rapid and accurate identification of dangerous biological agents. Currently, there are many types of methods used in this field of studies that are based on immunological or genetic techniques, or constitute a combination of both methods (immuno-genetic). There are also methods that have been developed on the basis of physical and chemical properties of the analytes. Each group of these analytical assays can be further divided into conventional methods (e.g. simple antigen-antibody reactions, classical PCR, real-time PCR), and modern technologies (e.g. microarray technology, aptamers, phosphors, etc.). Nanodiagnostics constitute another group of methods that utilize the objects at a nanoscale (below 100 nm). There are also integrated and automated diagnostic systems, which combine different methods and allow simultaneous sampling, extraction of genetic material and detection and identification of the analyte using genetic, as well as immunological techniques.
authors: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Mirski
authors: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Bartoszcze
authors: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Bielawska-Drózd
authors: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Cieślik
authors: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors: Aleksander J
authors: AJ
authors: Michalski
authors: Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Niemcewicz
authors: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Janusz
authors: J
authors: Kocik
authors: Faculty of Chemistry and New Technologies, Military Uniwersity of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Chomiczewski
mesh_terms: D023482:Bioterrorism; D005821:Genetic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological