title: Biofouling of water treatment membranes: a review of the underlying causes, monitoring techniques and control measures.
abstract: Biofouling is a critical issue in membrane water and wastewater treatment as it greatly compromises the efficiency of the treatment processes. It is difficult to control, and significant economic resources have been dedicated to the development of effective biofouling monitoring and control strategies. This paper highlights the underlying causes of membrane biofouling and provides a review on recent developments of potential monitoring and control methods in water and wastewater treatment with the aim of identifying the remaining issues and challenges in this area.
authors: School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC. 3001, Australia. thang.nguyen@rmit.edu.au.
authors: Thang
authors: T
authors: Nguyen
authors: School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC. 3001, Australia. felicity.roddick@rmit.edu.au.
authors: Felicity A
authors: FA
authors: Roddick
authors: School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC. 3001, Australia. linhua.fan@rmit.edu.au.
authors: Linhua
authors: L
authors: Fan