title: Chromium (VI) uptake and tolerance potential in cotton cultivars: effect on their root physiology, ultramorphology, and oxidative metabolism.
abstract: Chromium (Cr) is present in our environment as a toxic pollutant, which needs to be removed using phytoremediation technology. In present study, two transgenic cotton cultivars (J208, Z905) and their hybrid line (ZD14) were used to explore their Cr uptake and tolerance potential using multiple biomarkers approach. Four different levels of Cr (CK, 10, 50, and 100 μM) were applied. Cr caused a significant reduction in root/shoot length, number of secondary roots, and root fresh and dry biomasses at 100 μM. Cr accumulated more in roots and was found higher in hybrid line (ZD14) as compared with its parent lines (J208, Z905) at all Cr stress levels (10, 50, and 100 μM). Cr translocation was less than 1 in all cultivars. Ultrastructural studies at 100 μM Cr showed an increase in number of nuclei and vacuoles and presence of Cr dense granules in dead parts of the cell (vacuoles/cell wall). Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) as a whole were upregulated with elevated levels of Cr. Higher Cr uptake by roots, accelerated metabolism, and Cr sequestration in dead parts of the cell indicate that these cotton cultivars can be useful for Cr accumulation and tolerance.
authors: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China ; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Daud
authors: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Mei
authors: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China ; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Variath
authors: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China ; Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
authors: Shafaqat
authors: 0000-0002-3773-5196
authors: S
authors: Ali
authors: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Rafiq
authors: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003368:Gossypium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium