title: Wireless vital signs from a life-supporting medical device exposed to electromagnetic disturbance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the level of agreement of simulated wired and Wi-Fi vital signs output from an intra-aortic balloon pump during exposure to electromagnetic interference from frequency overlapping ZigBee sensors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of experiments with interference from single and multiple ZigBee sensors were benchmarked with wired and Wi-Fi output. Tests included single ZigBee sensor adjacent and co-channel interference, and multiple ZigBee interferences towards the Wi-Fi receiver and transmitter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interference-free differences between wired and wireless aortic blood pressure and electrocardiogram were very small, verified by time domain and Bland - Altman plots. Bland - Altman plots comparing level of agreement in wired and wireless aortic blood pressure and ECG output during interference experiments showed a difference from 0.2 to 0.3 mmHg for blood pressure, and from 0.001 to 0.004 mV for electrocardiogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Level of agreement in wired and wireless (Wi-Fi) arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram during single or multiple sensor interference was high. No clinically relevant degradation of Wi-Fi transmission of aortic blood pressure or ECG signals was observed.
authors: The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Øyri
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Chávez-Santiago
authors: Stig
authors: S
authors: Støa
authors: Ørjan Grøttem
authors: ØG
authors: Martinsen
authors: Ilangko
authors: I
authors: Balasingham
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Fosse
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Advanced technology; assessment; electronics; equipment; simulator; technology for surgical and interventional radiology