title: Inhibition of UVB-induced skin damage by exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 in hairless mice.
abstract: Because antioxidants from natural sources may be an effective approach to the treatment and prevention of UV radiation-induced skin damage, the effects of purified exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 ('E-AP-SM2001') were evaluated in UVB-induced hairless mice. E-AP-SM2001 consists of 1.7% β-1,3/1,6-glucan, fibrous polysaccharides and other organic materials, such as amino acids, and mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and shows anti-osteoporotic and immunomodulatory effects, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Hairless mice were treated topically with vehicle, E-AP-SM2001 stock and two and four times diluted solutions once per day for 15 weeks against UVB irradiation (three times per week at 0.18 J/cm(2) ). The following parameters were evaluated in skin samples: myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10], endogenous antioxidant content (glutathione, GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide anion production; matrix metalloproteases (MMP-1, -9 and -13), GSH reductase and Nox2 (gp91phox) mRNA levels, and immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine (NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Photoageing was induced by UVB irradiation through ROS-mediated inflammation, which was related to the depletion of endogenous antioxidants, activation of MMPs and keratinocyte apoptosis. Topical treatment with all three doses of E-AP-SM2001 and 5 nm myricetin attenuated the UV-induced depletion of GSH, activation of MMPs, production of IL-1β, the decrease in IL-10 and keratinocyte apoptosis. In this study, E-AP-SM2001 showed potent inhibitory effects against UVB-induced skin photoageing. Thus, E-AP-SM2001 may be useful as a functional ingredient in cosmetics, especially as a protective agent against UVB-induced skin photoageing.
authors: Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors: Kyung Hu
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Soo Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Young Joon
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Ji Eun
authors: JE
authors: Lee
authors: Chang Hyun
authors: CH
authors: Song
authors: Seong Hun
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: Sae Kwang
authors: SK
authors: Ku
authors: Su Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011108:Polymers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species