title: The thrower's elbow.
abstract: Overhead throwing activities expose the elbow to tremendous valgus stress, making athletes vulnerable to a specific constellation of injuries. Although baseball players, in particular pitchers, are the athletes affected most commonly, overhead throwing athletes in football, volleyball, tennis, and javelin tossing also are affected. The purpose of this review is to review the anatomy, biomechanics, pathophysiology, and treatment of elbow disorders related to overhead throwing athletes. Although focus is on management of ulnar collateral ligament injuries, all common pathologies are discussed.
authors: Sports Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 5555 Transportation Boulevard, Garfield Heights, OH 44125, USA.
authors: Ronak M
authors: RM
authors: Patel
authors: Sports Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 5555 Transportation Boulevard, Garfield Heights, OH 44125, USA.
authors: T Sean
authors: TS
authors: Lynch
authors: Sports Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 5555 Transportation Boulevard, Garfield Heights, OH 44125, USA.
authors: Nirav H
authors: NH
authors: Amin
authors: Sports Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 5555 Transportation Boulevard, Garfield Heights, OH 44125, USA.
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Calabrese
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair, #1350, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Gryzlo
authors: Sports Health, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 5555 Transportation Boulevard, Garfield Heights, OH 44125, USA. Electronic address: SCHICKM@ccf.org.
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Schickendantz
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D056740:Olecranon Process / Q000293:injuries; D010808:Physical Examination; D011403:Pronation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D020424:Ulnar Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000092464:Elbow Injuries
keywords: Capitellar OCD; Olecranon impingement; Overhead throwing athlete; Tommy John; Ulnar collateral ligament; Ulnar subluxation