title: Bone mineral change during experimental calcination: an X-ray diffraction study.
abstract: The effects of calcination (400-1200°C) on pig bones have been studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and secondary modifications, such as color change and weight loss. The characterisation by powder XRD confirmed the presence of the crystalline phase of hydroxyapatite, and comparison of the results obtained at different temperatures suggested that at 650°C, all the organic components and carbonate substitutions were completely removed. Accordingly, these samples were white. In addition, the crystallinity degree and the crystallite size progressively increased with the calcination temperature until 650°C, remaining stable until 1200°C. Below 650°C, bone samples presented organic compounds, resulting in background noise in the diffractogram and gray or black color. In addition, impurities in the lattice correspond to low crystallite sizes.
authors: National Police Corps, Homicide Central Command, Avenida Mirador de La Reina 4, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Galeano
authors: Mari Luz
authors: ML
authors: García-Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D003116:Color; D055700:Cremation; D003460:Crystallization; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D013552:Swine; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D017886:Durapatite
keywords: burned bones; calcination; crystallite size; forensic science; hydroxyapatite; powder X-ray diffraction