title: A phosphotyrosine switch determines the antitumor activity of ERβ.
abstract: Estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ share considerable sequence homology yet exert opposite effects on breast cancer cell proliferation. While the proliferative role of ERα in breast tumors is well characterized, it is not clear whether the antitumor activity of ERβ can be mobilized in breast cancer cells. Here, we have shown that phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue (Y36) present in ERβ, but not in ERα, dictates ERβ-specific activation of transcription and is required for ERβ-dependent inhibition of cancer cell growth in culture and in murine xenografts. Additionally, the c-ABL tyrosine kinase and EYA2 phosphatase directly and diametrically controlled the phosphorylation status of Y36 and subsequent ERβ function. A nonphosphorylatable, transcriptionally active ERβ mutant retained antitumor activity but circumvented control by upstream regulators. Phosphorylation of Y36 was required for ERβ-mediated coactivator recruitment to ERβ target promoters. In human breast cancer samples, elevated phosphorylation of Y36 in ERβ correlated with high levels of c-ABL but low EYA2 levels. Furthermore, compared with total ERβ, the presence of phosphorylated Y36-specific ERβ was strongly associated with both disease-free and overall survival in patients with stage II and III disease. Together, these data identify a signaling circuitry that regulates ERβ-specific antitumor activity and has potential as both a prognostic tool and a molecular target for cancer therapy.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Yuan
authors: Long
authors: L
authors: Cheng
authors: Huai-Chin
authors: HC
authors: Chiang
authors: Xiaojie
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Yongjian
authors: Y
authors: Han
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Su
authors: Lingxue
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Lin
authors: Xiaobing
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Xie
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Rajeshwar R
authors: RR
authors: Tekmal
authors: Tyler J
authors: TJ
authors: Curiel
authors: Zhi-Min
authors: ZM
authors: Yuan
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Elledge
authors: Yanfen
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Qinong
authors: Q
authors: Ye
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D011379:Prognosis; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; C106938:EYA2 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases