title: Indole-3-carbinol, a vegetable phytochemical, inhibits adipogenesis by regulating cell cycle and AMPKα signaling.
abstract: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a phytochemical present mainly in cruciferous vegetables. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which I3C blocks adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, and evaluated the anti-adipogenic effect of I3C in zebrafish. Our data showed that I3C mainly inhibits early differentiation of adipocyte through cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of early differentiation was reflected by down-regulation of early adipogenic factors such as CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins β and δ (C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ), followed by down-regulation of late adipogenic factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and C/EBPα, and regulation of signaling molecules. This result was supported by a reduction in triglyceride (TG) levels and TG synthetic enzymes. I3C activated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) to inhibit fatty acid synthesis. In addition, an anti-adipogenic effect of I3C was found in zebrafish study. Our data suggest that vegetables-derived I3C could reduce lipid accumulation via various molecular mechanisms in cell.
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, 161 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-703, South Korea.
authors: Hyeon-Son
authors: HS
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Soengnam, Gyeonggi 463-836, South Korea.
authors: Hui-Jeon
authors: HJ
authors: Jeon
authors: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
authors: Ok-Hwan
authors: OH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Soengnam, Gyeonggi 463-836, South Korea. Electronic address: bylee@cha.ac.kr.
authors: Boo-Yong
authors: BY
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D014280:Triglycerides; C016517:indole-3-carbinol; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: 3T3-L1; AMPKα; Adipogenesis; Indole-3-carbinol; Zebrafish