title: Effects of physical and morphological properties of roots on fracture resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine how physical and morphological properties affect the fracture resistance of roots, and which criteria are important for root specimen standardization in fracture resistance studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five freshly extracted human canine teeth were selected. Crowns were sectioned from the cement-enamel junction and the root lengths were set at 16 mm. Then they were prepared up to ProTaper F3 file. Each root was numbered and data were obtained by measuring mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions, volume, weight, and density. Tests for fracture strength were performed using an Instron Testing Machine (Instron Corp. MA, USA). The force was applied axially, angled at 45 degrees with a constant speed of 1 mm/min. For each sample, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. Results were evaluated statistically using linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volume and weight of the roots had more effect than mesiodistal or buccolingual dimensions on root fracture resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In root fracture resistance studies, volume or weight of the roots must be standardized when distributing roots to groups.
authors: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkiye.
authors: Huseyin
authors: H
authors: Ertas
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye.
authors: Burak
authors: B
authors: Sagsen
authors: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkiye.
authors: Hakan
authors: H
authors: Arslan
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye.
authors: Ozgur
authors: O
authors: Er
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkiye.
authors: Elif Tarim
authors: ET
authors: Ertas
keywords: Fracture resistance; physical; root; root volume; root weight; standardization; volume measurement