title: The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae).
abstract: The complete 16,043 bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) has been sequenced. The genome encodes 37 genes usually found in insect mitogenomes. The mitogenome information for B. minax was compared to the homologous sequences of Bactrocera oleae, Bactrocera tryoni, Bactrocera philippinensis, Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera correcta, Bactrocera cucurbitae and Ceratitis capitata. The analysis indicated the structure and organization are typical of, and similar to, the nine closely related species mentioned above, although it contains the lowest genome-wide A+T content (67.3%). Four short intergenic spacers with a high degree of conservation among the nine tephritid species mentioned above and B. minax were observed, which also have clear counterparts in the control regions (CRs). Correlation analysis among these ten tephritid species revealed close positive correlation between the A+T content of zero-fold degenerate sites (P0FD), the ratio of nucleotide substitution frequency at P0FD sites to all degenerate sites (zero-fold degenerate sites, two-fold degenerate sites and four-fold degenerate sites) and amino acid sequence distance (ASD) were found. Further, significant positive correlation was observed between the A+T content of four-fold degenerate sites (P4FD) and the ratio of nucleotide substitution frequency at P4FD sites to all degenerate sites; however, we found significant negative correlation between ASD and the A+T content of P4FD, and the ratio of nucleotide substitution frequency at P4FD sites to all degenerate sites. A higher nucleotide substitution frequency at non-synonymous sites compared to synonymous sites was observed in nad4, the first time that has been observed in an insect mitogenome. A poly(T) stretch at the 5' end of the CR followed by a [TA(A)]n-like stretch was also found. In addition, a highly conserved G+A-rich sequence block was observed in front of the poly(T) stretch among the ten tephritid species and two tandem repeats were present in the CR.
authors: Key Lab of Integrated Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Nardi
authors: Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Hull-Sanders
authors: Sichuan Plant Protection Station, Chengdu, China.
authors: Xuanwu
authors: X
authors: Wan
authors: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Yinghong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D019476:Insect Proteins; D009711:Nucleotides; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012343:RNA, Transfer