title: Bioreactor performance and functional gene analysis of microbial community in a limited-oxygen fed bioreactor for co-reduction of sulfate and nitrate with high organic input.
abstract: Limited-oxygen mediated synergistic relationships between sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB, including nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria NR-SOB) were predicted to simultaneously remove contaminants of nitrate, sulfate and high COD, and eliminate sulfide generation. A lab-scale experiment was conducted to examine the impact of limited oxygen on these oxy-anions degradation, sulfide oxidation and associated microbial functional responses. In all scenarios tested, the reduction of both nitrate and sulfate was almost complete. When limited-oxygen was fed into bioreactors, S(0) formation was significantly improved up to ∼ 70%. GeoChip 4.0, a functional gene microarray, was used to determine the microbial gene diversity and functional potential for nitrate and sulfate reduction, and sulfide oxidation. The diversity of the microbial community in bioreactors was increased with the feeding of limited oxygen. Whereas the intensities of the functional genes involved in sulfate reduction did not show a significant difference, the abundance of the detected denitrification genes decreased in limited oxygen samples. More importantly, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria may alter their populations/genes in response to limited oxygen potentially to function more effectively in sulfide oxidation, especially to elemental sulfur. The genes fccA/fccB from nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB), such as Paracoccus denitrificans, Thiobacillus denitrificans, Beggiatoa sp., Thiomicrospira sp., and Thioalkalivibrio sp., were more abundant under limited-oxygen condition.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: xuxijun3220@sina.com.
authors: Xi-jun
authors: XJ
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: echo110244@126.com.
authors: Chuan
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Electronic address: waj0578@hit.edu.cn.
authors: Ai-jie
authors: AJ
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: micro_yh@126.com.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: grige2007@163.com.
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: guohongliang97@126.com.
authors: Hong-liang
authors: HL
authors: Guo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: yuanye_19840915@yahoo.cn.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Yuan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: djlee@ntu.edu.tw.
authors: Duu-jong
authors: DJ
authors: Lee
authors: Institute for Environmental Genomics, Stephenson Research & Technology Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States. Electronic address: jzhou@rccc.ou.edu.
authors: Jizhong
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2650, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China. Electronic address: rnq@hit.edu.cn.
authors: Nan-qi
authors: NQ
authors: Ren
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009566:Nitrates; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Co-reduction; Functional gene; Limited oxygen; Nitrate; Sulfate