title: Practical considerations of objective lenses for application in cell biology.
abstract: For nearly a century, examination of biological phenomena on a microscopic level has depended on carefully calibrated optical systems, with the objective lens being regarded as the critical determinant of image quality. In this modern day, a wide variety of high-quality objectives exist, many with highly specialized functions and all requiring at least a certain base level of knowledge on the part of the imager in order to realize their full potential. A good working knowledge of objective construction, proper use, specialized applications, and care goes a long way toward obtaining quality results. Presented here is a practical guide to choosing, using, and maintaining the proper objective for a given biological imaging application.
authors: Nikon Instruments, Inc., Melville, New York, USA.
authors: Stephen T
authors: ST
authors: Ross
authors: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Allen
authors: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Davidson
mesh_terms: D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Aberrations; Fluorescence; Immersion media; Microscope; Numerical aperture; Objective lenses; Optics