title: Combined expression of S100A4 and Annexin A2 predicts disease progression and overall survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression patterns and prognostic value of S100A4 and Annexin A2 for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for S100A4 and Annexin A2 was performed in 315 archived radical cystectomies and 63 normal specimens. The immunoreactivity of these proteins was correlated to evaluate their clinical significance as prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein levels of S100A4 and Annexin A2 were up-regulated in urothelial carcinoma compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. The increased expressions of S100A4 and Annexin A2 were associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P<0.05). High expression of S100A4 correlated with expression of Annexin A2. These alterations in expression were also associated with greater risk of disease progression and decreased chance of carcinoma-specific survival. Further multivariate analysis suggested that expressions of S100A4 and Annexin A2 were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival in urothelial carcinoma. The patients with S100A4-positive/Annexin A2-positive carcinomas presented the lowest 5-year survival rate compared with the other 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S100A4 and Annexin A2 proteins could be useful prognostic markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis in urothelial carcinoma. The expression patterns of S100A4/Annexin A2 interaction correlated well with the pathologic stage, disease progression, and carcinoma-specific survival. This finding could aid in identifying more biologically aggressive carcinomas and thus patients who might benefit from more intensive adjuvant therapy.
authors: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Zhongsheng
authors: Z
authors: Zhao
authors: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Yingyu
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Huiju
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Xujun
authors: X
authors: He
authors: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: urology@zju.edu.cn.
authors: Dahong
authors: D
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017306:Annexin A2; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C077591:S100A4 protein, human
keywords: Annexin A2; Prognosis; Prognostic marker; S100A4; Urothelial carcinoma