title: Surgical treatment of jaw osteonecrosis in "Krokodil" drug addicted patients.
abstract: Retrospective study of jaw osteonecrosis treatment in patients using the "Krokodil" drug from 2009 to 2013. On the territory of the former USSR countries there is widespread use of a self-produced drug called "Krokodil". Codeine containing analgesics ("Sedalgin", "Pentalgin" etc), red phosphorus (from match boxes) and other easily acquired chemical components are used for synthesis of this drug, which used intravenously. Jaw osteonecrosis develops as a complication in patients who use "Krokodil". The main feature of this disease is jawbone exposure in the oral cavity. Surgery is the main method for the treatment of jaw osteonecrosis in patients using "Krokodil". 40 "Krokodil" drug addict patients with jaw osteonecrosis were treated. Involvement of maxilla was found in 11 patients (27.5%), mandible in 21 (52.5%), both jaws in 8 (20%) patients. 35 Lesions were found in 29 mandibles and 21 lesions in 19 maxillas. Main factors of treatment success are: cessation of "Krokodil" use in the pre- (minimum 1 month) and postoperative period and osteonecrosis area resection of a minimum of 0.5 cm beyond the visible borders of osteonecrosis towards the healthy tissues. Surgery was not delayed until sequestrum formation. In the mandible marginal or segmental resection (with or without TMJ exarticulation) was performed. After surgery recurrence of disease was seen in 8 (23%) cases in the mandible, with no cases of recurrence in the maxilla. According to our experience in this case series, surgery is the main method for the treatment of jaw osteonecrosis in patients using "Krokodil". Cessation of drug use and jaw resection minimize the rate of recurrences in such patients.
authors: Chair of Postgraduate Maxillofacial Surgery of YSMU (Head: Prof. Yuri M. Poghosyan D.Sc.), 2 Koryun Str, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
authors: Yuri M
authors: YM
authors: Poghosyan
authors: Chair of Postgraduate Maxillofacial Surgery of YSMU (Head: Prof. Yuri M. Poghosyan D.Sc.), 2 Koryun Str, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
authors: Koryun A
authors: KA
authors: Hakobyan
authors: Department of Maxillofacial and ENT Surgery (Head: Prof. Anna Yu Poghosyan D.Sc.), "Heratsy" №1 University Hospital, 60 Abovyan Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia. Electronic address: anna.yu.poghosyan@gmail.com.
authors: Anna Yu
authors: AY
authors: Poghosyan
authors: Department of Maxillofacial and ENT Surgery (Head: Prof. Anna Yu Poghosyan D.Sc.), "Heratsy" №1 University Hospital, 60 Abovyan Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
authors: Eduard K
authors: EK
authors: Avetisyan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000541:Alveolectomy / Q000379:methods; D003061:Codeine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000601:surgery; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000601:surgery; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; C000599494:desomorphine; D003061:Codeine
keywords: Desomorphine; Drug “Krokodil”; Jaw osteonecrosis; Jaw resection