title: A comparison of two different dosages of oral midazolam in the same pediatric dental patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper was to compare the efficacy and safety of two doses of oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg) on the same children when no cooperation could be achieved with the 0.5 mg/kg dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three healthy three- to eight-year-olds who were initially unable to tolerate dental treatment using nonpharmacologic behavioral management (sometimes in combination with nitrous oxide) participated in the study. Level of sedation, cooperation, parental satisfaction, parental prediction of child's future anxiety, and outcome of sedation with the two doses were evaluated. All treatments and behavioral evaluations were conducted by the same nonblinded dentist. Parental evaluations were nonblinded as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No respiratory events or other adverse effects were observed with either regimen. There was no gender difference in any parameter regarding the two doses of midazolam. No treatment was aborted with the 0.75 mg/kg dose. Sedation and cooperation were significantly higher at baseline and after 15, 30, and 45 minutes (P=.001) for the 0.75 mg/kg group. Parental satisfaction with the treatment was significantly greater with the higher dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midazolam at 0.75 mg/kg with 100 percent oxygen can enhance outcomes for pediatric dental patients who did not cooperate satisfactorily with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. bperetz@post.tau.ac.il.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Peretz
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors: Johnny
authors: J
authors: Kharouba
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Bnai Zion Medical Center, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Mostafa
authors: M
authors: Somri
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen