title: Vasculopathy in the young Turner syndrome population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Turner syndrome (TS) carries an increased risk for vascular disease, or vasculopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Vasculopathy can be detected in young TS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vasculopathy was prospectively assessed by measuring vascular function and structure in TS patients (n = 49) and lean (L) (n = 76) and obese (O) controls (n = 52) through noninvasive techniques. Controls were drawn from previously known adolescents who were age-matched and disease-free.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulse wave velocity femoral (PWVf), augmentation index (AIx), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), and Young's Elastic Modulus (YEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age and body mass index (BMI) for TS, L, and O subjects were 11.89 years and 21.2 kg/m(2), 17.93 years and 20.9 kg/m(2), and 18.35 years 36.5 kg/m(2), respectively. Blood pressure means (mmHg) in TS, L, and O subjects were 112/65, 103/59, and 113/67, respectively. A greater AIx and YEM were seen in TS patients after adjusting for age plus BMI: AIx = 12.3% ± 2 (TS), -2% ± 1.7 (L), 5.8% ± 2.2 (O); YEM = 544.4 mmHg/mm ± 26.75 (TS), 258.1 mmHg/mm ± 22.7 (L), 343.5 mmHg/mm ± 30.6 (O). After adjustment for age and BMI, a greater PWVf was seen in TS vs L controls (P < .0001). The cIMT was lowest in the TS group: 0.35 mm ± 0.06 vs 0.43 mm ± 0.06 (L) and 0.45 mm ± 0.06 (O) (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vasculopathy, a marker of cardiovascular morbidity in adult TS, is detected in childhood. The findings remained after adjusting for age, demonstrating stiffer arterial vessels in young TS patients.
authors: Division of Endocrinology (S.A.L., I.G-L., P.F.B.) and Division of Cardiology (E.M.U., P.R.K., Z.G.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.
authors: Sarah A
authors: SA
authors: Lawson
authors: Elaine M
authors: EM
authors: Urbina
authors: Iris
authors: I
authors: Gutmark-Little
authors: Philip R
authors: PR
authors: Khoury
authors: Zhiqian
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: Philippe F
authors: PF
authors: Backeljauw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult