title: Solid oral forms availability in children: a cost saving investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the suitability and potential cost savings, from both the hospital and community perspective, of prescribed oral liquid medicine substitution with acceptable solid forms for children over 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral liquid medicines dispensed from a paediatric hospital (UK) in 1 week were assessed by screening for existence of the solid form alternative and evaluating the acceptability of the available solid form, firstly related to the prescribed dose and secondly to acceptable size depending on the child's age. Costs were calculated based on providing treatment for 28 days or prescribed duration for short term treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 90% (440/476) of liquid formulations were available as a marketed solid form. Considering dosage acceptability (maximum of 10% deviation from prescribed dosage or 0% for narrow therapeutic range drugs, maximum tablet divisions into quarters) 80% of liquids could be substituted with a solid form. The main limitation for liquid substitution would be solid form size. However, two-thirds of prescribed liquids could have been substituted with a suitable solid form for dosage and size, with estimated savings being of £5K and £8K in 1 week, respectively based on hospital and community costs, corresponding to a projected annual saving of £238K and £410K (single institution).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst not all children over 2 years will be able to swallow tablets, drug cost savings if oral liquid formulations were substituted with suitable solid dosage forms would be considerable. Given the numerous advantages of solid forms compared with liquids, this study may provide a theoretical basis for investing in supporting children to swallow tablets/capsules.
authors: EPICIME-CIC 1407 Inserm, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon, F-69677, Bron, France; Université Lyon 1, UMR 5558 CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Lajoinie
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Henin
authors: Behrouz
authors: B
authors: Kassai
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Terry
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D057240:Patient Preference; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs; D013607:Tablets
keywords: drug formulation; oral drug delivery; paediatric; swallowing