title: Different stressors elicit different responses in the salivary biomarkers cortisol, haptoglobin, and chromogranin A in pigs.
abstract: Most commonly, salivary cortisol is used in pig stress assessment, alternative salivary biomarkers are scarcely studied. Here, salivary cortisol and two alternative salivary biomarkers, haptoglobin and chromogranin A were measured in a pig stress study. Treatment pigs (n = 24) were exposed to mixing and feed deprivation, in two trials, and compared to untreated controls (n = 24). Haptoglobin differed for feed deprivation vs control. Other differences were only found within treatment. Treatment pigs had higher salivary cortisol concentrations on the mixing day (P < 0.05). Chromogranin A concentrations were increased on the day of refeeding (P < 0.05). Haptoglobin showed a similar pattern to chromogranin A. Overall correlations between the salivary biomarkers were positive. Cortisol and chromogranin A were moderately correlated (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001), correlations between other markers were weaker. The present results indicate that different types of stressors elicited different physiological stress responses in the pigs, and therefore including various salivary biomarkers in stress evaluation seems useful.
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ott
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Soler
authors: Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: C P H
authors: CP
authors: Moons
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Kashiha
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bahr
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Vandermeulen
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Janssens
authors: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Gutiérrez
authors: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Escribano
authors: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Cerón
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Berckmans
authors: Animal Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, B-9090 Melle, Belgium.
authors: F A M
authors: FA
authors: Tuyttens
authors: Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: theo.niewold@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Niewold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D003441:Crowding; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D016014:Linear Models; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A; D006242:Haptoglobins; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Chromogranin A; Cortisol; Haptoglobin; Pig; Saliva; Stress