title: Cepstral analysis of voice in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to survey the cepstral peak prominence (CPP) of vowel sounds and to compare objective data obtained from patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate surgery with objective data of those with normal healthy controls using acoustic analyzer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were divided into a clinical group and a control group. Every participant was recorded phonating the sustained vowel /a/. Each participant in the clinical group was recorded before surgery, before and after speech therapy. All samples were subjected to acoustic analysis using Praat software. The vowels were analyzed acoustically by the measurement of smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results reveal lower values of CPPs in speakers with velopharyngeal insufficiency before and after the operation. And, the results also reveal that there is no significant difference across the control and the clinical groups after speech therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results reveal lower values of CPPs in the clinical group before surgery and before speech therapy in comparison with the control group, which could be explained because of the body's compensation for the lack of normal intraoral pressure and habit of articulation.
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Zengjie
authors: Z
authors: Yang
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: free063@yahoo.com.
authors: Jincai
authors: J
authors: Fan
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Tian
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Liqiang
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Gan
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Wenlin
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Ninth Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhuming
authors: Z
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: Cepstral analysis; Cleft palate; Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)