title: Measurements of wall shear stress and aortic pulse wave velocity in swine with familial hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess measurements of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wall shear stress (WSS) in a swine model of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) swine with angioplasty balloon catheter-induced atherosclerotic lesions to the abdominal aorta (injured group) and 10 uninjured FH swine were evaluated with a 4D phase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition, as well as with radial and Cartesian 2D PC acquisitions, on a 3T MR scanner. PWV values were computed from the 2D and 4D PC techniques, compared between the injured and uninjured swine, and validated against reference standard pressure probe-based PWV measurements. WSS values were also computed from the 4D PC MRI technique and compared between injured and uninjured groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PWV values were significantly greater in the injured than in the uninjured groups with the 4D PC MRI technique (P = 0.03) and pressure probes (P = 0.02). No significant differences were found in PWV between groups using the 2D PC techniques (P = 0.75-0.83). No significant differences were found for WSS values between the injured and uninjured groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 4D PC MRI technique provides a promising means of evaluating PWV and WSS in a swine model of atherosclerosis, providing a potential platform for developing the technique for the early detection of atherosclerosis.
authors: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Andrew L
authors: AL
authors: Wentland
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Wieben
authors: Dhanansayan
authors: D
authors: Shanmuganayagam
authors: Christian G
authors: CG
authors: Krueger
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Meudt
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Consigny
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Rivera
authors: Patrick E
authors: PE
authors: McBride
authors: Jess D
authors: JD
authors: Reed
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Grist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D033081:Shear Strength; D013552:Swine
keywords: 4D PC MRI; PWV; atherosclerosis; familial hypercholesterolemia; pulse wave velocity; wall shear stress