title: [Mobile genetic elements associated with erythromycin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Colombia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resistance to macrolide antibiotics is increasing in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is associated with the presence of mobile genetic elements. Objetive: The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of serotypes and transposons among macrolide-resistant invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae in Colombia from 1994 to 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 225 macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed. The isolates had epidemiological data, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The phenotypes were tested by erythromycin-clindamycin double-disk test. We investigated the presence of transposons by several multiplex PCRs to identify the genes erm (B), mef(A), mef(E), tet M, Cat , Aph3 -III, int -Tn 916 , xis -Tn 916 , TnpA -Tn 917 , TnpR -Tn 917 and int -Tn 5252 .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all isolates, 62.7%, 2.7% and 34.6% of isolates exhibited cMLS B, iMLS B, and M phenotypes, respectively. Multiresistance was observed in 69.3% of these strains. The most prevalent genetic elements in MLS B were the Tn 5253 (34%), mostly carried in serotype 6B isolates and found to be related to the international clone Spain-ST90; Tn 1545 (18.4%), carried by serotype 19A and related to ST276, and Tn 3872 (14.9%), mainly detected in capsular types 6B and 14. Other seven transposons (32.7%) were associated with different serotypes. The mega element (62.8%) was associated to serotype 6A and ST473 in M phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of erythromycin-resistance isolates of S. pneumoniae in Colombia had the cMLS B phenotype and was associated with the presence of transposons, which carry multiple resistance determinants for other antibiotics. Moreover, isolates with M phenotype carried the gene mef( E) in the mega element.
authors: Grupo de Microbiología, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Instituto Nacional de Salud.
authors: Viviana
authors: V
authors: Ramos
authors: Grupo de Microbiología, Subdirección de Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Duarte
authors: Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia.
authors: Aleyda
authors: A
authors: Díaz
authors: Grupo de Microbiología, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Instituto Nacional de Salud.
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; C117866:MefA protein, Streptococcus; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D002981:Clindamycin; D004917:Erythromycin