title: Uptake and retention of microplastics by the shore crab Carcinus maenas.
abstract: Microplastics, plastics particles <5 mm in length, are a widespread pollutant of the marine environment. Oral ingestion of microplastics has been reported for a wide range of marine biota, but uptake into the body by other routes has received less attention. Here, we test the hypothesis that the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) can take up microplastics through inspiration across the gills as well as ingestion of pre-exposed food (common mussel Mytilus edulis). We used fluorescently labeled polystyrene microspheres (8-10 μm) to show that ingested microspheres were retained within the body tissues of the crabs for up to 14 days following ingestion and up to 21 days following inspiration across the gill, with uptake significantly higher into the posterior versus anterior gills. Multiphoton imaging suggested that most microspheres were retained in the foregut after dietary exposure due to adherence to the hairlike setae and were found on the external surface of gills following aqueous exposure. Results were used to construct a simple conceptual model of particle flow for the gills and the gut. These results identify ventilation as a route of uptake of microplastics into a common marine nonfilter feeding species.
authors: Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
authors: Andrew J R
authors: AJ
authors: Watts
authors: Ceri
authors: C
authors: Lewis
authors: Rhys M
authors: RM
authors: Goodhead
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Beckett
authors: Julian
authors: J
authors: Moger
authors: Charles R
authors: CR
authors: Tyler
authors: Tamara S
authors: TS
authors: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003386:Brachyura / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D020387:Food Chain; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008863:Microspheres; D008954:Models, Biological; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D011137:Polystyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical