title: Anti-invasive activity against cancer cells of phytochemicals in red jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L.).
abstract: Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It was found that at 100 μg/ml of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane fraction (Hex) and dichloromethane fraction (DCM) could reduce HT1080 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell invasion. Hex and DCM revealed higher potency levels than CEE, whereas an ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) had no effect. Gelatin zymography revealed that Hex decreased the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and-9). In contrast, the DCM fraction exhibited slightly effect on MMPs secretion and had no effect on MMPs activity. Collagenase activity was significantly inhibited by the Hex and DCM fractions. High amounts of γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol were found in the Hex and DCM fractions and demonstrated an anti-invasion property. On the other hand, proanthocyanidin was detected only in the CEE fraction and reduced MDA-MB-231 cells invasion property. These observations suggest that proanthocyanidin, γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol in the red rice fractions might be responsible for the anti invasion activity. The red rice extract may have a potential to serve as a food-derived chemotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand E-mail : pornngarm.d@cmu.ac.th.
authors: Komsak
authors: K
authors: Pintha
authors: Supachai
authors: S
authors: Yodkeeree
authors: Pornsirit
authors: P
authors: Pitchakarn
authors: Pornngarm
authors: P
authors: Limtrakul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002839:Chromans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D031660:Jasminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014810:Vitamin E; C013221:proanthocyanidin; C013649:plastochromanol 8; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C013172:gamma-oryzanol