title: Radiation dose during percutaneous treatment of structural heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the increased application of structural heart intervention techniques, there is concern over increasing radiation dose, especially during lengthy procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared data from 91 consecutive single-vessel percutaneous coronary interventions, 69 patent foramen ovale closures, 25 atrial septal defect closures, 49 percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasties, 57 balloon aortic valvuloplasties, 53 trans-catheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI), 21 left atrial appendage occlusions and 7 MitraClip procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following fluoroscopy times and dose-area product (median, interquartile range) were recorded: patent foramen ovale closure (7.8, 5.3-10.9 minutes; 16.9, 7.5-30.6 Gycm(2)), atrial septal defect closure (10.1, 7.3-13 minutes; 15.5, 11.6-30.5 Gycm(2)), percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (14.3, 11.4-24.2 minutes; 37.4, 19.8-87.0 Gycm(2)), balloon aortic valvuloplasty (8.4, 5.2-13.2 minutes; 19.8, 10.2-30.0 Gycm(2)), Edwards Sapien TAVI (24.0, 19.3-34.4 minutes; 86.4, 64.0-111.4 Gycm(2)), Medtronic CoreValve TAVI (19.4, 15.0-26.0 minutes; 101.9, 52.6-143.2 Gycm(2)), left atrial appendage occlusion (18.5, 15.7-29.1 minutes; 84.1, 36.4-140.0 Gycm(2)), Mitraclip procedures (37.2, 14.2-59.9 minutes; 89.1, 26.2-118.7 Gycm(2)), coronary angiography and single vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (6.6, 5.1-11.0 minutes; 62.5, 37.0-95.8 Gycm(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For structural heart interventions, dose-area product was not significantly greater than for coronary angiography with single-vessel percutaneous coronary artery intervention. This should be reassuring to patients and staff attending prolonged structural heart interventions.
authors: Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St Vincent's Public and Private Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
authors: John E
authors: JE
authors: Boland
authors: Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St Vincent's Public and Private Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Louis W
authors: LW
authors: Wang
authors: Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St Vincent's Public and Private Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Bernard J
authors: BJ
authors: Love
authors: Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St Vincent's Public and Private Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Dylan G
authors: DG
authors: Wynne
authors: Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St Vincent's Public and Private Hospitals, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: dmuller@stvincents.com.au.
authors: David W M
authors: DW
authors: Muller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D063126:Balloon Valvuloplasty; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
keywords: Percutaneous coronary intervention; Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion; Percutaneous mitral valve intervention; Radiation; Structural heart intervention; Transcatheter aortic valve