title: A comparison of ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-propofol combinations used for sedation in the endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a prospective, single-blind, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-propofol combinations for procedural sedation in endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients who were undergoing EBUS-TBNA were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was given 0.25 mg/kg intravenous (iv) ketamine, 2 min later than 0.05 mg/kg iv midazolam. Group 2 received 0.125 mg/kg ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol), 2 min subsequent to injection of 0.25 mg/kg each. Sedation was maintained with additional doses of ketamine 0.25 mg/kg, and ketofol 0.125 mg/kg each in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory rate (RR), Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS), and severity of cough were recorded prior to and after administration of sedation agent in the beginning of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and every 5 min of the procedure. The consumption of the agents, the satisfactions of the bronchoscopist and the patients, and the recovery time were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR in the 10(th) min and RSS value in the 35(th) min of induction in Group 1 were higher than the other group (P<0.05). The recovery time in Group 1 was statistically longer than Group 2 (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to other parameters (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that both ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-propofol combinations for sedation during EBUS-TBNA were similarly effective and safe without remarkable side effects.
authors: 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anesthesiology, Ankara, Turkey ; 4 Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Tülay
authors: T
authors: Dal
authors: 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anesthesiology, Ankara, Turkey ; 4 Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Hilal
authors: H
authors: Sazak
authors: 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anesthesiology, Ankara, Turkey ; 4 Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Mehtap
authors: M
authors: Tunç
authors: 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anesthesiology, Ankara, Turkey ; 4 Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Saziye
authors: S
authors: Sahin
authors: 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Anesthesiology, Ankara, Turkey ; 4 Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Aydın
authors: A
authors: Yılmaz
keywords: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA); ketamine; midazolam; propofol; sedation