title: Phaseolus vulgaris - recalcitrant potential.
abstract: Since the ability to genetically engineer plants was established, researchers have modified a great number of plant species to satisfy agricultural, horticultural, industrial, medicinal or veterinary requirements. Almost thirty years after the first approaches to the genetic modification of pulse crops, it is possible to transform many grain legumes. However, one of the most important species for human nutrition, Phaseolus vulgaris, still lacks some practical tools for genomic research, such as routine genetic transformation. Its recalcitrance towards in vitro regeneration and rooting significantly hampers the possibilities of improvement of the common bean that suffers from many biotic and abiotic constraints. Thus, an efficient and reproducible system for regeneration of a whole plant is desired. Although noticeable progress has been made, the rate of recovery of transgenic lines is still low. Here, the current status of tissue culture and recent progress in transformation methodology are presented. Some major challenges and obstacles are discussed and some examples of their solutions are presented.
authors: Department of Genetics, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: kath@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Hnatuszko-Konka
authors: Department of Genetics, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: tkowal@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Kowalczyk
authors: Department of Genetics, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: angersz@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Gerszberg
authors: Department for Good Laboratory Practice, Bureau for Chemical Substances, Dowborczykow 30/34, 90-019 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: aneta.smagur@chemikalia.gov.pl.
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Wiktorek-Smagur
authors: Department of Genetics, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: akononow@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors: Andrzej K
authors: AK
authors: Kononowicz
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
keywords: Common bean; Legumes; Phaseolus vulgaris; Regeneration; Transformation