title: Review of the cost components of introducing industrially fortified rice.
abstract: Micronutrient deficiencies affect over two billion people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Fortification of staple foods with multiple micronutrients is a cost-effective strategy to increase vitamin and mineral intake. The objective of this paper is to review the cost elements of industrially fortified rice by identifying the costs related to the implementation of rice fortification programs, using the experience of the United Nations World Food Programme in its pilot countries. The actual total costs of rice fortification are not easily captured. Core cost elements include the production of fortified rice kernels, transportation to the point of blending, blending of fortified with unfortified rice, costs related to sales or distribution, quality control and assurance, and additional planning. In the introduction phase, organizations or coalitions seeking to advance rice fortification will face additional costs related to the initiation of rice fortification. In the scale-up phase, greater efficiency in the supply chain and economies of scale can be expected. Different cost elements are normally borne by different stakeholders. This makes the implementation of rice fortification programs a feasible option to reach vulnerable populations with inadequate access to affordable nutrition solutions.
authors: United Nations World Food Programme, Bangkok, Thailand; and DSM, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
authors: Eveline
authors: E
authors: Roks
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000191:economics*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza / Q000191:economics*
keywords: deficiencies; economic; feasibility; fortification; micronutrient; rice