title: Comparison of two sequential extraction procedures for uranium fractionation in contaminated soils.
abstract: Two sequential extraction procedures were carried out on six soils with different chemical properties and contamination history to estimate the partitioning of uranium (U) between different soil fractions. The first standard method (method of Schultz) was specifically developed for actinides, while the second one (method of Rauret) was initially created for heavy metals. Reproducibility of both methods was compared by means of the coefficient of variation (CV). A soil-to-plant transfer experiment was also carried out with ryegrass to verify if one of the extracted fractions efficiently predicted plant uptake. In artificially contaminated soils, most of the U was retrieved from the exchangeable and the carbonates fractions. In soils with high natural levels of U or contaminated by industrial activity, most of the U was found in the less available fractions. Different U concentrations were found in the fractions which were supposed to be comparable in the two methods. Extracted fractions following Schultz differentiated more strongly between the tested soils but no relationships with soil parameters could be established. As expected, the highest U transfer factors (TF) were observed for ryegrass grown on artificially contaminated soils and the lowest on soils with high natural concentrations or industrial contamination, in agreement with the extraction procedures. No good relation was found between the soil-to-shoot TF and the extracted U concentrations. On the other hand, the U concentration in the roots, the U concentration in the shoots and the soil-to-root TF are well correlated to the U concentration determined in the first extracted fractions (so called exchangeable fractions) from the method of Schultz. We conclude that the extraction method according to Schultz should be preferably used for U, and that the exchangeable fraction can be proposed as a potential indicator to evaluate plant uptake in soils.
authors: Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors: Hildegarde
authors: H
authors: Vandenhove
authors: Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium. Electronic address: nvanhoud@sckcen.be.
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Vanhoudt
authors: Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors: Lise
authors: L
authors: Duquène
authors: Katholieke Hogeschool Kempen, Department of Health-Care and Chemistry, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
authors: Kenny
authors: K
authors: Antunes
authors: Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Wannijn
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D008129:Lolium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium
keywords: NORM; Sequential extraction procedure; Soil-to-plant transfer; Uranium