title: Functional Concentrations of BMP4 on Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Primordial Germ Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) has a significant role in primordial germ cells (PGCs) differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC). The aim of this study is to determine the best concentration of BMP4 at a time of two days on differentiation PGCs from mESC.
  
  
  METHODS
  To differentiate PGCs, embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs were cultured in concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 ng/ml BMP4 for two days. Germ cell markers Oct4 (Pou5f1), Stella (Dppa3) and Mvh (Ddx4) were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometry data demonstrated most Mvh-positive cells were observed only in the treated groups. Immunocytochemistry of EBs in the treated groups identified cells positive for Mvh. PCR results showed expression of Oct4 in the control group and treated groups. Stella and Mvh were expressed only in the treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low concentrations of BMP4 during two days had an optimal effect on differentiation of PGCs from mESC.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Hatef Ghasemi
authors: HG
authors: Hamidabadi
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Parichehr
authors: P
authors: Pasbakhsh
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Fardin
authors: F
authors: Amidi
authors: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Soleimani
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Forouzandeh
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Aligholi
authors: A
authors: Sobhani
keywords: BMP4; CGR8; Mvh Positive Cells; Optimal Doses; PGCs