title: Clinical evaluation of CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases and cancer.
abstract: Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that express unmethylated "CpG motifs" trigger cells that express Toll-like receptor 9. In humans this includes plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells. CpG ODN induce an innate immune response characterized by the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Their utility as vaccine adjuvants was evaluated in a number of clinical trials. Results indicate that CpG ODN improve antigen presentation and the generation of vaccine-specific cellular and humoral responses. This work provides an up-to-date overview of the utility of CpG ODN as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious agents and cancer.
authors: Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick MD 21702, United States.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Scheiermann
authors: Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick MD 21702, United States. Electronic address: klinmand@mail.nih.gov.
authors: Dennis M
authors: DM
authors: Klinman
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Adjuvant; Cancer; CpG olignucleotide; Infection; Toll-like receptor