title: Common biological mechanisms between bipolar disorder and type 2 diabetes: Focus on inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder (BD) patients present a 3-5 fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to general population. The underlying mechanisms for the increased prevalence of T2D in BD population are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to critically review evidence suggesting that inflammation may have an important role in the development of both BD and T2D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature covered in this review suggests that inflammatory dysregulation take place among many BD patients. Such dysregulated and low grade chronic inflammatory process may also increase the prevalence of T2D in BD population. Current evidence supports the hypothesis of dysregulated inflammatory processes as a critical upstream event in BD as well as in T2D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation may be a factor for the development of T2D in BD population. The identification of inflammatory markers common to these two medical conditions will enable researchers and clinicians to better understand the etiology of BD and develop treatments that simultaneously target all aspects of this multi-system condition.
authors: UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Ajaykumar N
authors: AN
authors: Sharma
authors: UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Isabelle E
authors: IE
authors: Bauer
authors: UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Marsal
authors: M
authors: Sanches
authors: UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Juan F
authors: JF
authors: Galvez
authors: UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Giovana B
authors: GB
authors: Zunta-Soares
authors: Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
authors: Joao
authors: J
authors: Quevedo
authors: Center for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Flavio
authors: F
authors: Kapczinski
authors: UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Jair.C.Soares@uth.tmc.edu.
authors: Jair C
authors: JC
authors: Soares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Biomarker; Bipolar disorder; Comorbidity; Inflammation; Type 2 diabetes