title: Overexpression of both platelet-derived growth factor-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its association with lymphangiogenesis in primary human non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic spread of tumor through lymphatic vasculature is an important adverse prognostic factor in a variety of human cancer and tumor lymphangiogenesis requires the interplay of several growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C are two important molecules involving in tumor metastasis and lymphangiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the coexpression of PDGF-BB and VEGF-C in primary human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its association with lymphangiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemical staining, PDGF-BB and VEGF-C expression were detected in 109 primary NSCLC tissues, while the lymphatic micro-vessel density (LMVD) was counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 109 cases, PDGF-BB and VEGF-C overexpression was 66.97% (73/109) and 65.14% (71/109), respectively. 52 (47.7%) had overexpression of both PDGF-BB and VEGF-C (P+V+), 21 (19.3%) overexpression of PDGF-BB but low expression of VEGF-C (P+V-), 19(17.4%) overexpression of VEGF-C but low expression of PDGF-BB (P-V+) and 17(15.6%) low expression of both PDGF-BB and VEGF-C (P-V-). PDGF-BB expression was positively related to that of VEGF-C (r=0.451, p=0.034). LMVD in cases with P+V+was much higher than those with P-V- (p=0.004). In addition, the patients with P+V+were younger and also had larger tumor size, more likely lymph node metastasis and worse histological differentiation than those with P-V-. Moreover, the overall survival (OS) of patients with P+V+was shorter than those with P-V- (p=0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coexpression of both PDGF-BB and VEGF-C was associated with lymphangiogenesis and poor prognosis in NSCLC, and might play a critical role in NSCLC progression.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2261801312571320.
authors: Jiannan
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Chuanyong
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Liyun
authors: L
authors: Qiu
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, No, 105,Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P,R, China. 13370582181@163.com.
authors: Yuping
authors: Y
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000077214:Becaplermin; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000032:analysis*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; C467486:VEGFC protein, human; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D000077214:Becaplermin