title: Exhaled HPV infection in lung cancer: role of MA at 3p.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lung cancer has recently been associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. The most important event associated with HPV infection in cancer foresees HPV DNA integration into the host genome. Sites of integration such as the fragile site FRA3B adjacent to the FHIT frequently undergo microsatellite alterations (MAs). In this study we aim to verify the role of MAs at 3p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with HPV positivity and eventual correlation with sex, histotype, TNM stage and cigarette smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 26 NSCLC patients previously investigated for the presence of HPV in their airways (11 HPV+ and 15 HPV-). All subjects had allelotyping analysis of DNA from exhaled breath condensate (EBC), blood and bronchial brushing of microsatellite D3S1300 located in the chromosomal region 3p.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first time we described the presence of MAs at 3p in EBC of NSCLC patients with HPV positivity. MAs in EBC corresponded to those in paired brushing. The number of patients with 3p MAs was higher in the group of NSCLC with HPV positivity than with HPV negativity. No relationship between the presence and type of MAs in EBC-brushing/DNA and sex, histotype or tumor stage was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that MAs at 3p are present in caucasic NSLC HPV+ patients and might be involved in lung carcinogenesis. In consideration of the possible clinical usefulness of the analysis of MAS at 3p in the EBC of HPV+ patients in the non-invasive screening for lung cancer, these results merit further studies.
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. Electronic address: ge.carpagnano@unifg.it.
authors: Giovanna E
authors: GE
authors: Carpagnano
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Donato
authors: D
authors: Lacedonia
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Crisetti
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Grazia Pia
authors: GP
authors: Palladino
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Saliani
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Luigi D
authors: LD
authors: Zoppo
authors: Department of Clinical Pathology, III Laboratory of Analysis, Riunity Hospital, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Raffaele
authors: R
authors: Antonetti
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Iole
authors: I
authors: Natalicchio
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors: Maria P
authors: MP
authors: Foschino-Barbaro
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001944:Breath Tests; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
keywords: EBC; HPV; Lung cancer; Microsatellite alterations; Noninvasive method