title: Validation of an imageable surgical resection animal model of Glioblastoma (GBM).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour having a median survival of just 12-18 months following standard therapy protocols. Local recurrence, post-resection and adjuvant therapy occurs in most cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  U87MG-luc2-bearing GBM xenografts underwent 4.5mm craniectomy and tumour resection using microsurgical techniques. The cranial defect was repaired using a novel modified cranial window technique consisting of a circular microscope coverslip held in place with glue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate post-operative bioluminescence imaging (BLI) revealed a gross total resection rate of 75%. At censor point 4 weeks post-resection, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed 100% survival in the surgical group compared to 0% in the non-surgical cohort (p=0.01). No neurological defects or infections in the surgical group were observed. GBM recurrence was reliably imaged using facile non-invasive optical bioluminescence (BLI) imaging with recurrence observed at week 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, we have used a novel cranial defect repair method to extend and improve intracranial surgical resection methods for application in translational GBM rodent disease models. Combining BLI and the cranial window technique described herein facilitates non-invasive serial imaging follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the current context we have developed a robust methodology for establishing a clinically relevant imageable GBM surgical resection model that appropriately mimics GBM recurrence post resection in patients.
authors: National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Kieron J
authors: KJ
authors: Sweeney
authors: Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Monika A
authors: MA
authors: Jarzabek
authors: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Dicker
authors: National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Donncha F
authors: DF
authors: O'Brien
authors: UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, , Dublin 4, Ireland; Ross School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Callanan
authors: Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: annettebyrne@rcsi.ie.
authors: Annette T
authors: AT
authors: Byrne
authors: Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Jochen H M
authors: JH
authors: Prehn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D061848:Optical Imaging; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Bioluminescence imaging (BLI); Cranial window; Glioblastoma (GBM); Surgical resection model