title: Spontaneous resolution of post-transplant localized cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis mimicking tumor recurrence.
abstract: Compromised T-cell immunity persists for up to 1 year after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and patients treated with ASCT are more likely to develop atypical lymphoid hyperplasia that mimics tumor recurrence. Here, we present a case of cervical lymphadenitis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in a patient who had undergone ASCT for Burkitt lymphoma, which mimicked tumor recurrence on computed tomography and positron emission tomography-computed tomography 6 months after ASCT. This lesion was confined to the regional lymph nodes and was not accompanied by signs of systemic involvement, such as fever, splenomegaly, an elevated C-reactive protein level, or viremia. The localized CMV lymphadenitis resolved spontaneously without treatment after 6 months (12 months after ASCT) and the elevated CMV immunoglobulin-M titer normalized 6 months after resolution. Our experience with this case suggests that cautious follow-up without anti-CMV treatment should be considered in cases of post-ASCT localized CMV lymphadenitis without systemic involvement in patients with complete engraftment.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: Kang
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Choi
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Lee
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Park
authors: B S
authors: BS
authors: Kim
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: CMV; atypical lymphoid hyperplasia; autologous stem cell transplantation; cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis