title: Enhanced amelioration of high-fat diet-induced fatty liver by docosahexaenoic acid and lysine supplementations.
abstract: Fatty liver disease is the most common pathological condition in the liver. Here, we generated high-fat diet-(HFD-) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice and tested the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lysine during a four-week regular chow (RC)feeding. Our results showed that 1% lysine and the combination of 1% lysine + 1% DHA reduced body weight. Moreover, serum triglyceride levels were reduced by 1% DHA and 1% lysine, whereas serum alanine transaminase activity was reduced by 1% DHA and 1% DHA + 0.5% lysine. Switching to RC reduced hepatic lipid droplet accumulation, which was further reduced by the addition of DHA or lysine. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of hepatic proinflammatory cytokines were suppressed by DHA and combinations of DHA + lysine, whereas the mRNA for the lipogenic gene, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), was suppressed by DHA. In the gonadal adipose tissues, combinations of DHA and lysine inhibited mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes, including ACC1, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, and perilipin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that, in conjunction with RC-induced benefits, supplementation with DHA or lysine further ameliorated the high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and provided an alternative strategy to treat, and potentially prevent, NAFLD.
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
authors: Hsin-Yu
authors: 0000-0003-3008-1510
authors: HY
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Chien
authors: CC
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Jen
authors: YJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
authors: Yuan-Yu
authors: YY
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
authors: Harry J
authors: HJ
authors: Mersmann
authors: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan ; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 81, Changxing Street, Da'an District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
authors: Shih-Torng
authors: 0000-0002-9866-1776
authors: ST
authors: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D008239:Lysine