title: Bone augmentation using a highly porous PLGA/β-TCP scaffold containing fibroblast growth factor-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), a bio-absorbable ceramic, facilitates bone conductivity. We constructed a highly porous three-dimensional scaffold, using β-TCP, for bone tissue engineering and coated it with co-poly lactic acid/glycolic acid (PLGA) to improve the mechanical strength and biological performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of implantation of the PLGA/β-TCP scaffold loaded with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) on bone augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The β-TCP scaffold was fabricated by the replica method using polyurethane foam, then coated with PLGA. The PLGA/β-TCP scaffold was characterized by scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, compressive testing, cell culture and a subcutaneous implant test. Subsequently, a bone-forming test was performed using 52 rats. The β-TCP scaffold, PLGA-coated scaffold, and β-TCP and PLGA-coated scaffolds loaded with FGF-2, were implanted into rat cranial bone. Histological observations were made at 10 and 35 d postsurgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM and TEM observations showed a thin PLGA layer on the β-TCP particles after coating. High porosity (> 90%) of the scaffold was exhibited after PLGA coating, and the compressive strength of the PLGA/β-TCP scaffold was six-fold greater than that of the noncoated scaffold. Good biocompatibility of the PLGA/β-TCP scaffold was found in the culture and implant tests. Histological samples obtained following implantation of PLGA/β-TCP scaffold loaded with FGF-2 showed significant bone augmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PLGA coating improved the mechanical strength of β-TCP scaffolds while maintaining high porosity and tissue compatibility. PLGA/β-TCP scaffolds, in combination with FGF-2, are bioeffective for bone augmentation.
authors: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yoshida
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Miyaji
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Otani
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Inoue
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nakane
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nishimura
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ibara
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Shimada
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ogawa
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Nishida
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sugaya
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Fugetsu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kawanami
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: bone tissue engineering; co-poly lactic acid/glycolic acid; fibroblast growth factor-2; β-tricalcium phosphate