title: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma loaded dental implant improves osteogenesis of rat mandible.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been known for their anti-inflammatory effects. But the application of this molecule in implant-induced inflammation has not been clearly studied yet. Here, we determined in vivo anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of PPARγ coated dental implant in the rat mandible. We used chitosan gold nanoparticles (Ch-GNPs) as a non viral vector to carry PPARγ plasmid DNA. Ch-GNPs were conjugated with PPARγ plasmid DNA through a coacervation process. Conjugation was cast over titanium (Ti) implants (4.5 × 0.8 mm) by dipping, and implants were installed in rat mandibles. One, 2, 3, and 6 weeks post-implantation, mandibles were examined by microcomputed tomography (µCT), immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin, and tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In vivo Ch-GNPs/PPARγcoated implants were associated with inhibition of implant induced inflammatory molecules interleukin-1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and enhanced expression of osteogenic molecules like bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 (BMP-2/-7) by up-regulating anti-oxidant molecules heme oxygenase-1. µCT demonstrated that PPARγ overexpression increased the density and volume of newly formed bone surrounding the implants compared to control (n = 4; p < 0.05). Also, PPARγ reduced the number of TRAP positive cells. These results support the view that PPARγ overexpression diminishes inflammation and enhances osteogenesis around the dental implants. Thus, implant coated with anti-inflammatory molecules could have a significant utilization for the preparation of new biomaterials and may serve as prosthetic materials in patients suffering from inflammatory bone disease.
authors: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Govinda
authors: G
authors: Bhattarai
authors: Young-Hee
authors: YH
authors: Lee
authors: Ho-Keun
authors: HK
authors: Yi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001863:Bone Screws; D048271:Chitosan; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006046:Gold; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D006046:Gold; D048271:Chitosan; D014025:Titanium; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C491523:Hmox1 protein, rat
keywords: PPARγ; dental implant; gene delivered implant; inflammation; osteogenesis