title: Establishing a nurse-based psychiatric CL service in the accident and emergency department of a general hospital in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with mental health problems in accident and emergency departments (A&E) are frequent users and often difficult to handle. Failure in managing these patients can cause adversities to both patients and A&E staff. It has been shown that nurse-based psychiatric consultation-liaison (CL) services work successfully and cost effectively in English-speaking countries, but they are hardly found in European countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether such a liaison service can be established in the A&E of a German general hospital. We describe structural and procedural elements of this service and present data of A&E patients who were referred to the newly established service during the first year of its existence, as well as an evaluation of this nurse-led service by non-psychiatric staff in the A&E and psychiatrists of the hospital's department of psychiatry.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2008 a nurse-based psychiatric CL-service was introduced to the A&E of the Königin Elisabeth Herzberge (KEH) general hospital in the city of Berlin. Pathways for the nurse's tasks were developed and patient-data collected from May 2008 till May 2009. An evaluation by questionnaire of attitudes towards the service of A&E staff and psychiatrists of the hospital's psychiatric department was performed at the end of this period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although limited by German law that many clinical decisions to be performed by physicians only, psychiatric CL-nurses can work successfully in an A&E if prepared by special training and supervised by a CL-psychiatrist. The evaluation of the service showed benefits with respect to satisfaction and skills of staff with regard to the management of psychiatrically ill patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse-based psychiatric CL-services in A&E departments of general hospitals, originally developed in English-speaking countries, can be adapted for and implemented in a European country like Germany. Open access: This article is published with open access at link.springer.com.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus "Königin Elisabeth" Herzberge, Herzbergstr. 79, 10365, Berlin, Germany, R.Burian@keh-berlin.de.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Burian
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Protheroe
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Grunow
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Diefenbacher
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005858:Germany; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing*; D017146:Models, Organizational; D012017:Referral and Consultation