title: Synergistic effect of lidocaine with pingyangmycin for treatment of venous malformation using a mouse spleen model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether lidocaine has the synergistic effect with pingyangmycin (PYM) in the venous malformations (VMs) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mouse spleen was chosen as a VM model and injected with different concentration of lidocaine or PYM or jointly treated with lidocaine and PYM. After 2, 5, 8 or 14 days, the mouse spleen tissues were acquired for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, TUNEL assay and quantitative RT-PCR analysis to examine the toxicological effects of lidocaine and PYM on splenic vascular endothelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  0.4% of lidocaine mildly promoted the apoptosis of endothelial cells, while 2 mg/ml PYM significantly elevated the apoptotic ratios. However, the combination of 0.2% lidocaine and 0.5 mg/ml PYM notably elevated the apoptotic ratios of splenic cells and severely destroyed the configuration of spleen, compared to those of treatment with 0.5 mg/ml PYM alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine exerts synergistic effects with PYM in promoting the apoptosis of mouse splenic endothelial cells, indicating that lidocaine possibly promotes the therapeutic effects of PYM in VMs treatment via synergistically enhancing the apoptosis of endothelial cells of malformed venous lesions.
authors: Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi, 276000, Shandong Province, China.
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Bai
authors: Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi, 276000, Shandong Province, China.
authors: Yuan-Zheng
authors: YZ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
authors: Kai-Ping
authors: KP
authors: Mao
authors: Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi, 276000, Shandong Province, China.
authors: Yanjie
authors: Y
authors: Fu
authors: Shanghai Bio-innovation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., National Science Park of Fudan University Shanghai, China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Ultrasound, Linyi People's Hospital Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Xue
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013162:Splenic Vein / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D001761:Bleomycin; C025703:bleomycetin; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Venous malformation; apoptosis; lidocaine; pingyangmycin; splenic endothelial cells