title: Dietary non-esterified oleic Acid decreases the jejunal levels of anorectic N-acylethanolamines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oleoylethanolamide and several other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), e.g. linoleoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide, have anorectic properties in rats, and prolonged intake of a high-fat diet decreases the levels of the anorectic NAEs in jejunum. Jejunal anorectic NAEs are thought to add to the control of food intake via activation of PPARalpha and the vagus nerve. The fat-induced decrease may explain part of the hyperphagic effect of high-fat diets. In the present study, we investigated 1) whether the reduced levels of anorectic NAEs were reversible in rats, 2) whether mice respond to dietary fat (olive oil) by reducing levels of anorectic NAEs, and 3) whether dietary non-esterified oleic acid also can decrease levels of anorectic NAEs in mice. We are searching for the fat sensor in the intestine, which mediates the decreased levels of anorectic NAEs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats and mice were fed diets high (45 energy% fat) in either triacylglycerol or free fatty acids for 7-14 days, and jejunal NAE and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) levels were determined by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In rats, reduced levels of anorectic NAEs could be reversed after 3 days from changing the diet from high-fat to chow. Corresponding NAPE levels tended to show the same changes. In mice, jejunal levels of anorectic NAEs were also reduced when fed a high-fat diet. In addition, we found that non-esterified oleic acid were also able to reduce levels of anorectic NAEs in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the down-regulation of the jejunal level of anorectic NAEs by dietary fat is not restricted to rats, and that the fatty acid component oleic acid, in dietary olive oil may be sufficient to mediate this regulation. Thus, a fatty acid sensor may mediate this effect of dietary fat.
authors: Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Thi Ai
authors: TA
authors: Diep
authors: Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Andreas N
authors: AN
authors: Madsen
authors: Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Krogh-Hansen
authors: Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Marwa
authors: M
authors: Al-Shahwani
authors: Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Laila
authors: L
authors: Al-Sabagh
authors: Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Birgitte
authors: B
authors: Holst
authors: Department of Drug Design & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Harald S
authors: HS
authors: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004983:Ethanolamines; C022203:N-acylethanolamines; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid