title: Volatile fingerprint of italian populations of orchids using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
abstract: The volatile fraction of Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. sphegodes, Ophrys bertolonii subsp. benacensis (Reisigl) O. Danesch, E. Danasch &amp; Ehrend. and Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon &amp; M.W. Case, three orchid species with different pollinator attraction strategies, sampled in vivo and in situ, were evaluated by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results were compared with the volatile compounds emitted by flowering plant samples picked from the same populations of orchid species. Hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols and terpenes were the major constituents of "in vivo" orchid scents and some distinctive differences in volatile metabolite composition were observed between Ophrys and Neotinea species. Moreover, the odour bouquets of the picked flowering plant samples were different from the in vivo ones and in particular different proportions of the various terpenes and an increase of α-pinene were observed. In conclusion HS/SPME GCMS proved to be a suitable technique for analyzing and distinguishing the volatile fingerprint of different orchid species, sampled in vivo and in situ in a non-disruptive way, with potentially great advantages for ecophysiological studies of rare and endangered species.
authors: Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont.-Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo, Brescia, Italy. alessandra.manzo@unimi.it.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Manzo
authors: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health- Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy. sara.panseri@unimi.it.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Panseri
authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy-Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy. ilda.vagge@unimi.it.
authors: Ilda
authors: I
authors: Vagge
authors: Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont.-Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo, Brescia, Italy. anna.giorgi@unimi.it.
authors: Annamaria
authors: A
authors: Giorgi
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D007558:Italy; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000447:Aldehydes; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds