title: Under-reporting of Energy Intake from 24-hour Dietary Recalls in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic degenerative diseases are closely related to daily eating habits, nutritional status, and, in particular, energy intake. In clarifying these relationships it is very important for dietary surveys to report accurate information about energy intake. This study attempted to identify the prevalence of the under-reporting of energy intake and its related characteristics based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in the years 2007-2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study analyzed dietary intake data from 15,133 adults aged ≥19 years using 24-hour dietary recalls. Basal metabolic rates were calculated from the age- and gender-specific equations of Schofield and under-reporting was defined as an energy intake <0.9, represented by the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under-reporters (URs) accounted for 14.4% of men and 23.0% of women and the under-reporting rate was higher in the age group 30-49 years for both men and women. The results from an analysis of the age-specific socioeconomic characteristics of participants classified as URs showed that under-reporting was high in women living alone and in women with only elementary school education or no education. The results from an analysis of the health-specific characteristics of URs showed that a large proportion of URs had poor self-rated health or were obese, or both, compared with non-URs. The proportion of participants who consumed less than the estimated average requirements for nutrients was significantly higher in URs compared with non-URs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The under-reporting of energy intake was associated with age, gender, education level, income level, household status (single-person or multi-person), self-rated health, physical activity, and obesity.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.
authors: Seunghee
authors: S
authors: Kye
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sung-Ok
authors: SO
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.
authors: Soon-Young
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
authors: Jiyoon
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Bok Hee
authors: BH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea.
authors: Hee-Jae
authors: HJ
authors: Suh
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea.
authors: Hyun-Kyung
authors: HK
authors: Moon
keywords: 24-hour recall; Korean National Health and Nutritional Survey; energy intake; under-reporting