title: The potential roles of nanobiomaterials in distraction osteogenesis.
abstract: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) technique is used worldwide to treat many orthopedic conditions. Although successful, one limitation of this technique is the extended period of fixators until the bone is consolidated. The application of growth factors (GFs) is one promising approach to accelerate bone regeneration during DO. Despite promising in vivo results, its use is still limited in the clinic. This is secondary to inherent limitations of these GFs. Therefore, a development of delivery systems that allow sustained sequential release is necessary. Nanoparticles and nanocomposites have prevailing properties that can overcome the limitations of the current delivery systems. In addition, their use can overcome the current challenges associated with the insufficient mechanical properties of scaffolds and suboptimal osteogenic differentiation of transplanted cells in the distraction gap. We discuss the clinical implications, and potential early applications of the nanoparticles and nanocomposites for developing new treatments to accelerate bone regeneration in DO.
authors: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: makhdomas@hotmail.com.
authors: Asim M
authors: AM
authors: Makhdom
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: Lames.nayef@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors: Lamees
authors: L
authors: Nayef
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: maryam.tabrizian@mcgill.ca.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Tabrizian
authors: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: rhamdy@shriners.mcgill.ca.
authors: Reggie C
authors: RC
authors: Hamdy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D016267:External Fixators; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Bone healing; Bone regeneration; Delivery system; Distraction osteogenesis; Nanobiomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology