title: Plasmid-mediated qnrA1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in Recife, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Qnr-mediated quinolone resistance is increasingly detected worldwide, but few studies have been carried out so far in Brazil. The aim of this study was to test for qnr determinants in isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates from urine cultures of hospitalized patients at a university hospital in North-East Brazil were investigated. Specific PCRs were performed for blaCTX-M and blaTEM, qnr, and class 1 integrons. Plasmid analyses and sequence type (ST) determination were performed, as described previously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The KP 930 isolate showed qnrA1 and blaTEM-1, together with dfrA12 and aadA2 in a class 1 integron. The qnr gene was located in a 133-kb plasmid. Multilocus sequence typing classified the isolate as ST147.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified the combination of qnr with ST147 in Brazil; this is a clone that has disseminated widely and successfully in Latin America. The purpose of describing Qnr-mediated quinolone resistance in North-East Brazil is to draw attention to the spread of this mechanism in the country.
authors: Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
authors: Lays Katarina Lima
authors: LK
authors: Rocha
authors: Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
authors: Rivaldo Lins
authors: RL
authors: dos Santos Neto
authors: Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
authors: Amanda Cristina
authors: AC
authors: da Costa Guimarães
authors: Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil; Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife, Brasil. Electronic address: annacalmeida@hotmail.com.
authors: Anna Carolina Soares
authors: AC
authors: Almeida
authors: Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
authors: Marinalda Anselmo
authors: MA
authors: Vilela
authors: Laboratório de Resistência Microbiana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
authors: Marcia Maria Camargo
authors: MM
authors: de Morais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Quinolones; Resistance; qnrA1