title: Beta-blockers in the environment: part II. Ecotoxicity study.
abstract: The increasing consumption of beta-blockers (BB) has caused their presence in the environment to become more noticeable. Even though BB are safe for human and veterinary usage, ecosystems may be exposed to these substances. In this study, three selected BB: propranolol, metoprolol and nadolol were subjected to ecotoxicity study. Ecotoxicity evaluation was based on a flexible ecotoxicological test battery including organisms, representing different trophic levels and complexity: marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), soil/sediment bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), green algae (Scenedesmus vacuolatus) and duckweed (Lemna minor). All the ecotoxicological studies were supported by instrumental analysis to measure deviation between nominal and real test concentrations. Based on toxicological data from the green algae test (S. vacuolatus) propranolol and metoprolol can be considered to be harmful to aquatic organisms. However, sorption explicitly inhibits the hazardous effects of BB, therefore the risks posed by these compounds for the environment are of minor importance.
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Maszkowska
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; UFT - Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Stolte
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: jolanta.kumirska@ug.edu.pl.
authors: Jolanta
authors: J
authors: Kumirska
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Paulina
authors: P
authors: Łukaszewicz
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Mioduszewska
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Puckowski
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Magda
authors: M
authors: Caban
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Wagil
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Stepnowski
authors: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; UFT - Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Białk-Bielińska
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D029064:Araceae; D000460:Chlorophyta; D003621:Daphnia; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008790:Metoprolol; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011433:Propranolol; D044444:Scenedesmus; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011433:Propranolol; D008790:Metoprolol
keywords: Duckweed; Green algae; Soil and marine bacteria