title: An important but stressful part of their future work: medical students' attitudes to palliative care throughout their course.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palliative care (PC) education for medical students is important. Knowledge concerning drugs and services can be readily taught, and skills of communicating with terminally ill patients and their families are increasingly being addressed. Developing positive attitudes toward caring for patients near the end of life is more challenging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine medical students' attitudes toward PC in each year of their course, investigate changes in these attitudes over time during their course, and identify gender differences in attitudes and attitudinal change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires administered to four cohorts of preclinical core science and clinical medical students at the University of Cambridge Medical School from 2007 to 2010, with annual longitudinal follow-up in subsequent years; 1027 participants in total.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students started their medical course with broadly positive attitudes toward PC, which largely persisted into the final years. During the core science component, some attitudes became more negative, whereas during the clinical component, some attitudes became more positive. Over the whole course, there was evidence of increasingly positive attitudes. No significant effect of gender on attitudes or attitudinal change was found. Although statistically significant, all these changes were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical students' attitudes toward their future role in caring for people with PC needs were broadly positive. Core science was associated with increasingly negative attitudes and clinical studies with increasingly positive attitudes. For teaching faculty, the challenge remains to address negative and foster positive attitudes toward PC during medical school.
authors: Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sigb2@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Barclay
authors: Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Whyte
authors: Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Pia
authors: P
authors: Thiemann
authors: Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Benson
authors: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Diana F
authors: DF
authors: Wood
authors: Centre for Applied Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Parker
authors: Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Thelma
authors: T
authors: Quince
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D012577:Schools, Medical; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Medical student; attitudes; education; palliative care