title: An estimation of the daily intake of di(2-ethlhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) among workers in flavoring factories.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the daily intake of DEHP among workers in flavoring factories.
  
  
  METHODS
  71 workers in two flavoring manufacturers, 27 administrators in those factories and 31 laboratory technicians in a research institute were recruited and assigned to exposure group, control group 1 and control group 2 respectively. Their urinary DEHP metabolites, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), were detected by isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The urinary metabolites concentrations were converted into DEHP intake levels using two pharmacokinetic models: the urine creatinine-excretion (UCE) one and the urine volume (UV) one.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found among the three groups. Based on the urinary concentrations of Σ₃MEHP, we got a median daily DEHP intake of 3.22 or 1.85 μg/kg body-weight/day applying the UV or UCE models respectively. Depending on the UV model, three subjects (2.34%) exceeded the RfD value given by US EPA and the P₅₀ of estimate daily DEHP intakes accounted for 16.10% of the RfD value. No subjects exceeded the limitation depending on the UCE model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The workers in flavoring factories were not supposed to be the high DEHP exposure ones and their exposure level remained at a low risk.
authors: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Lu
authors: Division of Food Safety Standard, Ministry of Health, China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Division of Food Safety Standard, Ministry of Health, China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
authors: Zhu Tian
authors: ZT
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Food Safety Standard, Ministry of Health, China National Center For food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
authors: Yong Xiang
authors: YX
authors: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000652:urine*; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate
keywords: Biomonitoring; Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); Estimate daily intake; Occupational exposure