title: Do the morphological features of walled off pancreatic necrosis on endoscopic ultrasound determine the outcome of endoscopic transmural drainage?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic transmural drainage is an effective, but technically demanding treatment modality for walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). The factors that determine the outcome of endoscopic treatment for WOPN have been infrequently studied. We aim to retrospectively correlate the morphological features of WOPN on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with the outcome of endoscopic transmural drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the last 3 years, 43 patients (36 males; mean age 36.04 ± 10.06 years) with symptomatic WOPN were treated by an attempted endoscopic drainage. The correlation between the morphological features of WOPN and the type of treatment offered as well as the number of endoscopic procedures undergone by the patient was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean size of WOPN was 9.95 ± 2.75 cm with <10%, 10-40% and >40% solid debris being present in 6, 33, and 4 patients, respectively. Patients with <10% necrotic debris needed only single session of endoscopic drainage, whereas patients with 10-40% solid debris needed two or more sessions. Patients with >40% solid debris either needed direct endoscopic debridement or surgical necrosectomy. The extent of necrosis correlated significantly (r = 0.703, P < 0.001) with the type of treatment received by the patient. With increasing size of the collection (r = 0.320, P = 0.047) and the amount of the solid debris (r = 0.800, P < 0.001), there was a significant increase in the number of endoscopic procedures required for successful outcome by the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morphological features of WOPN on EUS have important therapeutic implications with collections having large size and more solid debris needing more aggressive therapeutic method for the successful outcome.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
authors: Surinder Singh
authors: SS
authors: Rana
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
authors: Deepak Kumar
authors: DK
authors: Bhasin
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
authors: Ravi Kumar
authors: RK
authors: Sharma
authors: School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
authors: Jeyashree
authors: J
authors: Kathiresan
authors: Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Gupta
keywords: Acute pancreatitis; computed tomography; endoscopic ultrasound; walled off pancreatic necrosis