title: Presence of Candida cell wall derived polysaccharides in the sera of intensive care unit patients: relation with candidaemia and Candida colonisation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prompt diagnosis of candidaemia and invasive candidosis is crucial to the early initiation of antifungal therapy. The poor sensitivity of blood cultures (BCs) has led to the development of fungal glycan tests as a diagnostic adjunct. We analysed the performance of tests for the detection of circulating β-D-1,3-glucan (BDG) and mannan in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective, case-control study included 43 ICU patients with candidaemia and 67 controls, hospitalised on the same ward and assessed weekly for yeast colonisation with simultaneous serum sampling; 340 sera taken before and after positive BCs were available for the cases group and 203 for the controls. BDG and mannan levels were determined using the Fungitell® and Platelia™ Candida Ag tests, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BDG was detected early in sera from cases patients but was also present in several sera from controls. Increasing the cut-off from 80 pg/mL to 350 pg/mL and 800 pg/mL resulted in sensitivity/specificity ratios of 0.97/0.31, 0.65/0.74, 0.30/0.86, respectively. Detection of mannan was more specific but lacked sensitivity. No obvious correlation was found between BDG and colonisation, but a trend existed between high colonisation and high BDG. Candidaemia relapses were associated with a rise in BDG and mannan but, in contrast to the transient nature of mannan, BDG persisted up to 7 weeks after positive BCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of mannan and BDG tests could be used to guide pre-emptive therapeutic decisions in ICU patients.
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Poissy
authors: Boualem
authors: B
authors: Sendid
authors: Sébastien
authors: S
authors: Damiens
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Ichi Ishibashi
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: François
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Kauv
authors: Raphaël
authors: R
authors: Favory
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Mathieu
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Poulain
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D058387:Candidemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002473:Cell Wall; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D008351:Mannans; D047071:beta-Glucans; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan