title: Virus-induced tubule: a vehicle for rapid spread of virions through basal lamina from midgut epithelium in the insect vector.
abstract: The plant reoviruses, plant rhabdoviruses, tospoviruses, and tenuiviruses are transmitted by insect vectors in a persistent propagative manner. These viruses induce the formation of viral inclusions to facilitate viral propagation in insect vectors. The intestines of insect vectors are formed by epithelial cells that lie on the noncellular basal lamina surrounded by visceral muscle tissue. Here, we demonstrate that a recently identified plant reovirus, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), exploits virus-containing tubules composed of virus-encoded nonstructural protein P7-1 to directly cross the basal lamina from the initially infected epithelium toward visceral muscle tissues in the intestine of its vector, the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). Furthermore, such tubules spread along visceral muscle tissues through a direct interaction of P7-1 and actin. The destruction of tubule assembly by RNA interference with synthesized double-stranded RNA targeting the P7-1 gene inhibited viral spread in the insect vector in vitro and in vivo. All these results show for the first time that a virus employs virus-induced tubule as a vehicle for viral spread from the initially infected midgut epithelium through the basal lamina, facilitating the rapid dissemination of virus from the intestine of the insect vector.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Numerous plant viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by sap-sucking insects, including thrips, aphids, planthoppers, and leafhoppers. These viruses, ingested by the insects, establish their primary infection in the intestinal epithelium of the insect vector. Subsequently, the invading virus manages to transverse the basal lamina, a noncellular layer lining the intestine, a barrier that may theoretically hinder viral spread. The mechanism by which plant viruses cross the basal lamina is unknown. Here, we report that a plant virus has evolved to exploit virus-induced tubules to pass through the basal lamina from the initially infected midgut epithelium of the insect vector, thus revealing the previously undescribed pathway adapted by the virus for rapid dissemination of virions from the intestine of the insect vector.
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dongsheng
authors: D
authors: Jia
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Qianzhuo
authors: Q
authors: Mao
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hongyan
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Aiming
authors: A
authors: Wang
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yuyan
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Haitao
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lianhui
authors: L
authors: Xie
authors: Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China weitaiyun@fjau.edu.cn.
authors: Taiyun
authors: T
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000821:virology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000821:virology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000821:virology; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000821:virology*; D007181:Inclusion Bodies, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000821:virology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D012087:Reoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins