title: Integrated regulation of motor-driven organelle transport by scaffolding proteins.
abstract: Intracellular trafficking pathways, including endocytosis, autophagy, and secretion, rely on directed organelle transport driven by the opposing microtubule motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Precise spatial and temporal targeting of vesicles and organelles requires the integrated regulation of these opposing motors, which are often bound simultaneously to the same cargo. Recent progress demonstrates that organelle-associated scaffolding proteins, including Milton/TRAKs (trafficking kinesin-binding protein), JIP1, JIP3 (JNK-interacting proteins), huntingtin, and Hook1, interact with molecular motors to coordinate activity and sustain unidirectional transport. Scaffolding proteins also bind to upstream regulatory proteins, including kinases and GTPases, to modulate transport in the cell. This integration of regulatory control with motor activity allows for cargo-specific changes in the transport or targeting of organelles in response to cues from the complex cellular environment.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Meng-meng
authors: MM
authors: Fu
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: holzbaur@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors: Erika L F
authors: EL
authors: Holzbaur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D004398:Dyneins; D016547:Kinesins
keywords: axonal transport; dynactin; dynein; intracellular trafficking; kinesin; organelle transport