title: Automated versus manual hippocampal segmentation in preoperative and postoperative patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare manual and automated preoperative and postoperative hippocampal volume measurements in patients with intractable epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 34 patients referred to the Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) for evaluation of intractable epilepsy and 21 normal volunteers who received 1.5 or 3 T GE Signa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Hippocampal volumes were traced manually on each slice and assembled into three-dimensional volumes by investigators who were blinded to other data. Automated volumetric measurements were obtained using FreeSurfer. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Automated hippocampal volumes were larger than manual volumes in both patients and normal volunteers (p < 0.05). Right to left hemisphere hippocampal ratio and percent of hippocampus resected did not differ significantly by segmentation method. It was not possible to obtain accurate total resection volumes with the automated method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Values such as side-to-side ratio and percent resected may be more directly translatable between manual and automated methods than absolute measures of volume. Accurate determination of resection volumes is important for studies of the effects of surgery on both seizure control and postoperative neuropsychological deficits. Our preliminary data suggest that FreeSurfer may provide an accurate and simple method for quantitating hippocampal resections. However, it may be less valuable for large or extratemporal resections, or when distortions of normal anatomy are present. A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
authors: Clinical Epilepsy Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
authors: Sierra C
authors: SC
authors: Germeyan
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Kalikhman
authors: Lucy
authors: L
authors: Jones
authors: William H
authors: WH
authors: Theodore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Magnetic resonance imaging; Segmentation