title: The effect of dietary α-lipoic acid, betaine, l-carnitine, and swimming on the obesity of mice induced by a high-fat diet.
abstract: We evaluate the effect of supplementation, at 300 mg kg(-1) body weight (BW), with the antioxidants α-lipoic acid (AL), betaine (BT), l-carnitine (LC), and the combination of these and exercise on obesity induced by a 9 week high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Healthy 5 week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 9 groups: (1) CON, control group fed with a commercial mice chow containing 10% crude fat; (2) HFD, high fat diet group fed with a commercial mice chow containing 60% crude fat; (3) HFD-AL, HFD group fed with AL; (4) HFD-BT, HFD group fed with BT; (5) HFD-LC, HFD group fed with LC; (6) HFD-SW, HFD with swimming as an exercise; (7) HFD-SWAL, HFD-AL with swimming; (8) HFD-SWBT, HFD-BT with swimming, and (9) HFD-SWLC, HFD-LC with swimming. The BW of mice with LC and swimming reduced the increase of BW after 9 weeks. Relative adipose tissue weights were reduced by the combinations of antioxidant supplementation and swimming. Levels of serum glucose and leptin were reduced in the HFD-SWLC group when compared with the HFD group. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol and the size of adipose were also decreased in the HFD-LC and HFD-SWLC groups. These results show that LC at a dose of 300 mg kg(-1) BW was the most effective for reducing fat accumulation in mice with HFD for 9 weeks. In addition, exercise should be given in combination to enhance the BW reduction and serum lipid level.
authors: Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
authors: Aera
authors: A
authors: Jang
authors: Dongwook
authors: D
authors: Kim
authors: Ki-Seung
authors: KS
authors: Sung
authors: Samooel
authors: S
authors: Jung
authors: Hyun Joo
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Cheorun
authors: C
authors: Jo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001622:Betaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D013550:Swimming; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D001622:Betaine; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D002331:Carnitine