title: Treatment of skeletal muscle injury: a review.
abstract: Skeletal muscle injuries are the most common sports-related injuries and present a challenge in primary care and sports medicine. Most types of muscle injuries would follow three stages: the acute inflammatory and degenerative phase, the repair phase and the remodeling phase. Present conservative treatment includes RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy. However, if use improper, NSAIDs may suppress an essential inflammatory phase in the healing of injured skeletal muscle. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether or not they have adverse effects on the healing process or on the tensile strength. However, several growth factors might promote the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle, many novel treatments have involved on enhancing complete functional recovery. Exogenous growth factors have been shown to regulate satellite cell proliferation, differentiation and fusion in myotubes in vivo and in vitro, TGF-β1 antagonists behave as inhibitors of TGF-β1. They prevent collagen deposition and block formation of muscle fibrosis, so that a complete functional recovery can be achieved.
authors: Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Xili 6, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Baoge
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Van Den Steen
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rimbaut
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Philips
authors: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Witvrouw
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: K F
authors: KF
authors: Almqvist
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Vanderstraeten
authors: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Vanden Bossche