title: Insulin action in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex.
abstract: Insulin resistance is a hallmark feature of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In addition to the classical view that insulin resistance in the liver, muscle and fat disrupts glucose homeostasis, studies in the past decade have illustrated that insulin resistance in the hypothalamus dysregulates hepatic glucose production and food intake, leading to type 2 diabetes and obesity. This invited review argues that in addition to the hypothalamus, insulin signalling in the dorsal vagal complex regulates hepatic glucose production and food intake. A thorough understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of insulin action in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex is necessary in order to identify therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
authors: Toronto General Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Mona A
authors: MA
authors: Abraham
authors: Toronto General Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Beatrice M
authors: BM
authors: Filippi
authors: Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Gil Myoung
authors: GM
authors: Kang
authors: Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Seon
authors: MS
authors: Kim
authors: Toronto General Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada tony.lam@uhnres.utoronto.ca.
authors: Tony K T
authors: TK
authors: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin