title: Protective effects of sodium p-aminosalicylic acid on learning and memory via increasing the number of basal forebrain choline acetyltransferase neurons in manganese-exposed rats.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of sodium p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS-Na) on learning and memory via increasing the number of basal forebrain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) neurons in manganese (Mn)-exposed rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into following groups: the normal control I, II, and III groups, the model I, II, and III groups, low- and high-dose PAS-Na treatment (L- and H-PAS) group, PAS-Na prevention (PAS-P) group, and PAS-Na treatment (PAS-T) group. The model I, II, and III groups, L- and H-PAS, and PAS-T groups received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 15 mg/kg manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O) for 3 or 12 weeks, while the normal control I, II, and III groups received i.p. injection of an equal volume of saline; L- and H-PAS and PAS-T groups received back subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of PAS-Na (100 and 200 mg/kg) for the next 5 or 6 weeks, whereas model I and II group received back s.c. injection of an equal volume of saline. However, PAS-P group received back s.c. injection of 200 mg/kg PAS-Na + i.p. injection of 15 mg/kg MnCl2·4H2O for 12 weeks. Mn exposure significantly reduced the ability of spatial learning and memory capability, while PAS-Na prevention recovered it. Mn decreased the number of ChAT-positive neurons in vertical limb nucleus of the basal forebrain diagonal band/horizontal limb nucleus of the basal forebrain diagonal band and ChAT protein activity and treatment or prevention with PAS-Na restored those comparable with control. In brief, our results showed that PAS-Na may have protective effects on learning and memory against Mn via increasing the number of ChAT-positive neurons and activity of ChAT protein.
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: S-J
authors: SJ
authors: Li
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: H-Y
authors: HY
authors: Meng
authors: Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: X-F
authors: XF
authors: Deng
authors: School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Fu
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: J-W
authors: JW
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: Y-S
authors: YS
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: H-L
authors: HL
authors: Luo
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors: S-Y
authors: SY
authors: Ou
authors: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China ymjianggxmu@163.com.
authors: Y-M
authors: YM
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D010131:Aminosalicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D066187:Basal Forebrain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010131:Aminosalicylic Acid; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase
keywords: Protective effects; basal forebrain; choline acetyltransferase neurons; learning and memory; manganese; sodium p-aminosalicylic acid