title: Inhibitory effect of icariin on Ti-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis that results in aseptic loosening is the most common cause of long-term failure after total joint replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium pubescens, inhibits osteoclast formation, but its effects on wear particle-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of ICA in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), which is stimulated by titanium (Ti) particles and the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICA effectively inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption in the differentiation medium. ICA (10(-7) mol/L) significantly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells compared with the control, and significantly reduced the percentage of the surface covered by resorption lacunae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ICA inhibited messenger RNA expression for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by Ti particles and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. ICA also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW264.7 cells cultured with Ti particles. In addition, incubation with cholecystokinin-8 showed that ICA had no toxic effects on RAW264.7 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICA possibly elicited inhibitory effects on inflammatory osteoclastogenesis induced by Ti particles, indicating that ICA may be useful for the prevention and treatment of wear particle-induced osteolysis.
authors: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jingfu
authors: J
authors: Cui
authors: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Mo
authors: M
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shijun
authors: S
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Guixian
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yaozeng
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: szgengdc@163.com.
authors: Dechun
authors: D
authors: Geng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000187:drug effects*; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014025:Titanium; C056599:icariin
keywords: Aseptic loosening; Icariin; Inflammatory osteoclastogenesis; Wear particles