title: Ozone dosing alters the biological potential and therapeutic outcomes of plasma rich in growth factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Until now, ozone has been used in a rather empirical way. This in-vitro study investigates, for the first time, whether different ozone treatments of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) alter the biological properties and outcomes of this autologous platelet-rich plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human plasma rich in growth factors was treated with ozone using one of the following protocols: a continuous-flow method; or a syringe method in which constant volumes of ozone and PRGF were mixed. In both cases, ozone was added before, during and after the addition of calcium chloride. Three ozone concentrations, of the therapeutic range 20, 40 and 80 μg/mL, were tested. Fibrin clot properties, growth factor content and the proliferative effect on primary osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ozone treatment of PRGF using the continuous flow protocol impaired formation of the fibrin scaffold, drastically reduced the levels of growth factors and significantly decreased the proliferative potential of PRGF on primary osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts. In contrast, treatment of PRGF with ozone using the syringe method, before, during and after the coagulation process, did not alter the biological outcomes of the autologous therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that ozone dose and the way that ozone combines with PRGF may alter the biological potential and therapeutic outcomes of PRGF.
authors: Foundation Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Anitua
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Zalduendo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Troya
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Orive
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005337:Fibrin / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D013594:Syringes; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010126:Ozone; D005337:Fibrin; D002122:Calcium Chloride
keywords: growth factors; ozone; plasma rich in growth factors; platelet rich plasma