title: NY-ESO-1 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel immune therapies targeting tumor specific antigens are being developed. Our purpose was to determine expression of the cancer testes antigen NY-ESO-1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as NY-ESO-1 targeting approaches, particularly adoptive cell therapy, have not been evaluated in this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed tissue microarrays containing >300 unique RCC cases and adjacent benign renal tissue to determine NY-ESO-1 expression using a quantitative immunofluorescence method. In addition, we studied NY-ESO-1 expression in 35 matched primary and metastatic RCC specimens to assess concordance between different tumor sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NY-ESO-1 was highly expressed in a subset of RCCs. Expression in primary RCC specimens was significantly higher than adjacent normal renal tissue (P<0.0001) and higher in clear cell carcinomas than papillary RCC (P<0.0001). Expression levels in metastatic specimens were higher than in matched primary samples (P=0.0018), and the correlation between the two sites was modest (χ2=3.5, p=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant NY-ESO-1 expression seen in clear cell RCC suggests that NY-ESO-1 targeting approaches should be studied in this disease. Expression is higher in metastatic sites, and discordance between primary and metastatic sites in some patients suggests that patient selection for these therapies should be based on expression in metastatic rather than nephrectomy specimens.
authors: Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S. These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Giesen
authors: Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S. These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors: Lucia B
authors: LB
authors: Jilaveanu
authors: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Parisi
authors: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.
authors: Yuval
authors: Y
authors: Kluger
authors: Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Camp
authors: Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.
authors: Harriet M
authors: HM
authors: Kluger
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C104948:CTAG1B protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins