title: The effect of 'sleep high and train low' on weight loss in overweight Chinese adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise and diet are the cornerstones for the treatment of obesity in obese children and adolescents. However, compensatory changes in appetite and energy expenditure elicited by exercise and dieting make it hard to maintain a reduced weight over the longterm. The anorexic effect of hypoxia can be potentially utilized to counteract this compensatory increase, thereby enhancing the success of weight loss. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of four week intermittent hypoxia exposure added to a traditional exercise and diet intervention on inducing short- and longterm weight loss in obese adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized parallel group controlled clinical trial, 40 obese adolescents (20 boys and 20 girls, 11 to 15-years-old), will be recruited from a summer weight loss camp at the Shanghai University of Sport, China. Participants will be stratified by gender and randomly assigned to either the control group or the hypoxia group. During the four-week intervention period, both groups will exercise and eat a balanced diet. Additionally, the control group will sleep in normal conditions, while the hypoxia group will sleep in a normobaric hypoxia chamber (sleep high and train low). The primary outcome will be body composition and the main secondary outcomes will be the circulating levels of appetite regulatory gastrointestinal hormones. All the outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, after the four-week intervention, and at two months follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study will be the first to evaluate the effectiveness of 'sleep high and train low' on short- and longterm weight loss among obese adolescents. A potential mechanism for the appetite regulatory effect of hypoxia will also be explored. The results of the study will provide an evidence-based recommendation for the use of hypoxia in a weight loss intervention among obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, the clarification of mechanisms leading to weight loss in 'sleep high and train low' might provide information for the development of new strategies in combating obesity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This trial was registered on 10 January 2014 at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-14004106.
authors: Ru
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: Dongmei
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: Xueqiang
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Weihua
authors: W
authors: Xiao
authors: Nana
authors: N
authors: Wu
authors: Binghong
authors: B
authors: Gao
authors: Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at the Shanghai University of Sport, #650 Qingyuanhuan Road, Shanghai 200438, China. chenpeijie@sus.edu.cn.
authors: Peijie
authors: P
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012107:Research Design; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones