title: α-Mangostin suppresses human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro via blockade of Stat3 signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-tumor effects of α-mangostin, a major xanthone identified in the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn), against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, and the mechanisms of the effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901 were treated with α-mangostin. The cell viability was measured with MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The expression of the relevant proteins was detected using Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with α-mangostin (3-10 μg/mL) inhibited the viability of both BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells in dose- and time-manners. Furthermore, α-mangostin (7 μg/mL) time-dependently increased the apoptosis index of the cancer cells, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cancer cells, and significantly increased the release of cytochrome c and AIF into cytoplasm. Moreover, the α-mangostin treatment markedly suppressed the constitutive Stat3 protein activation, and Stat3-regulated Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein levels in the cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-tumor effects of α-mangostin against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro can be partly attributed to blockade of Stat3 signaling pathway.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Shan
authors: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors: Xi-juan
authors: XJ
authors: Cui
authors: Graduate School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710033, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Department of pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Ji'nan 250021, China.
authors: Wan-run
authors: WR
authors: Lin
authors: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors: Hong-wei
authors: HW
authors: Lu
authors: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors: Yi-ming
authors: YM
authors: Li
authors: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D044004:Xanthones; C021053:mangostin