title: NMR diffusion-ordered spectroscopy can explain differences in skin penetration enhancement between microemulsion formulations.
abstract: Changing the formulation variables of microemulsion systems has a significant influence on the resulting transdermal enhancement effect. NMR diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) can offer an extremely valuable tool to interpret the differences in the obtained fluxes based on variations in self-diffusions between the drug and its locus domain. From the clinical editor: Microemulsion systems are often used as vehicles for transdermal drug delivery. In this communication authors interpret quantitative differences between microemulsion formulations based on studying the self-diffusion of testosterone relative to the diffusion of its residing oil phase based on DOSY spectroscopy.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. Electronic address: r_hathout@yahoo.com.
authors: Rania M
authors: RM
authors: Hathout
authors: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Woodman
mesh_terms: D004655:Emulsions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Diffusion; Diffusion-ordered; Microemulsions; NMR; Penetration enhancement; Transdermal