title: Cognitive function of patients with adult moyamoya disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurocognitive impairment is one of several unsolved social issues faced by patients with moyamoya disease. Although efforts have been made to investigate cognitive function using neuropsychologic tasks, generalizability has been limited. Here, in a preliminary study, we used structured neuropsychologic tasks to establish a standardized neuropsychologic assessment for adult moyamoya patients with and without difficulty in social independence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with neuroradiologically confirmed adult moyamoya disease (3 male, 7 female) participated. Half of all subjects did not have difficulty with social independence (group 1) and the others had (group 2). Group differences were evaluated after basic cognitive abilities and frontal lobe function were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the mean age of group 1 was substantially higher than that of group 2, disease duration did not differ significantly between groups. Means scores for intelligence functions including all subtests for basic cognitive abilities were higher in group 1 compared with group 2. Scores from only 2 frontal lobe evaluation tasks (Trail Making Test B and Theory of Mind) were significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study provides a profile of neurocognitive dysfunction in adult patients with moyamoya disease using structured neuropsychologic tasks. A broad range of cognitive functions was disrupted particularly in the patients who had difficulty with social independence. To obtain stronger evidence regarding neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with moyamoya disease, a multicenter prospective study is essential.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto. Electronic address: y.araki@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Araki
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Takagi
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Keita
authors: K
authors: Ueda
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Shiho
authors: S
authors: Ubukata
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Junko
authors: J
authors: Ishida
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Funaki
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Jun C
authors: JC
authors: Takahashi
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Toshiya
authors: T
authors: Murai
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors: Susumu
authors: S
authors: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Moyamoya disease; adult; cognitive impairment; neuropsychologic tests