title: Studies on the acaricidal mechanism of the active components from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi.
abstract: Octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester, isolated from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil, exhibited potent acaricidal activity against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. In this paper, the acaricidal mechanism of octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi was evaluated based on pathologic histology and enzyme activities. The results showed that after compound treatment for 24h at a concentration of 20mg/mL, the lesions of mites were prominent under transmission electron microscopy. The lesions consisted of the lysis of dermis cell membranes and cell nuclear membranes, mitochondrial morphological abnormalities, the drop of spinal disorders, and mitochondrial vacuolization. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), and Ca(2+)-ATPase of mites significantly changed after treatment with octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester compared with the control group. The activities of SOD, POD, and Ca(2+)-ATPase were significantly suppressed, whereas that of GSTs was activated. These results indicated that the mechanism of the acaricidal activity of octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester was mainly achieved through interference with the energy metabolism of mites, thus resulting in insect death.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Zhen-zhen
authors: ZZ
authors: Chen
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Yun-xia
authors: YX
authors: Deng
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China. Electronic address: yinzhongq@163.com.
authors: Zhong-qiong
authors: ZQ
authors: Yin
authors: Soild-state Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yin Bin 644000, China. Electronic address: weiqin2001-67@163.com.
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Wei
authors: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Ren-yong
authors: RY
authors: Jia
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Jiao
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Xiao-xia
authors: XX
authors: Liang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Shu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Chang-liang
authors: CL
authors: He
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Xiao-bin
authors: XB
authors: Gu
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Lv
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors: Lizi
authors: L
authors: Yin
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012520:Sarcoptes scabiei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012532:Scabies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D013229:Stearic Acids; C543690:octadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases
keywords: Enzyme activities; Octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester; Pathologic histology; S. scabiei var. Cuniculi