title: Place pitch versus electrode location in a realistic computational model of the implanted human cochlea.
abstract: Place pitch was investigated in a computational model of the implanted human cochlea containing nerve fibres with realistic trajectories that take the variable distance between the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion into account. The model was further updated from previous studies by including fluid compartments in the modiolus and updating the electrical conductivity values of (temporal) bone and the modiolus, based on clinical data. Four different cochlear geometries are used, modelled with both lateral and perimodiolar implants, and their neural excitation patterns were examined for nerve fibres modelled with and without peripheral processes. Additionally, equations were derived from the model geometries that describe Greenwood's frequency map as a function of cochlear angle at the basilar membrane as well as at the spiral ganglion. The main findings are: (I) in the first (basal) turn of the cochlea, cochlear implant induced pitch can be predicted fairly well using the Greenwood function. (II) Beyond the first turn this pitch becomes increasingly unpredictable, greatly dependent on stimulus level, state of the cochlear neurons and the electrode's distance from the modiolus. (III) After the first turn cochlear implant induced pitch decreases as stimulus level increases, but the pitch does not reach values expected from direct spiral ganglion stimulation unless the peripheral processes are missing. (IV) Electrode contacts near the end of the spiral ganglion or deeper elicit very unpredictable pitch, with broad frequency ranges that strongly overlap with those of neighbouring contacts. (V) The characteristic place pitch for stimulation at either the organ of Corti or the spiral ganglion can be described as a function of cochlear angle by the equations presented in this paper.
authors: ENT-department, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.k.kalkman@lumc.nl.
authors: Randy K
authors: RK
authors: Kalkman
authors: ENT-department, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Jeroen J
authors: JJ
authors: Briaire
authors: ENT-department, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: David M T
authors: DM
authors: Dekker
authors: ENT-department, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Johan H M
authors: JH
authors: Frijns
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000502:physiology; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011901:Ranvier's Nodes / Q000502:physiology; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000502:physiology