title: Gestational diabetes mellitus among Nordic Caucasian women: prevalence and risk factors according to WHO and simplified IADPSG criteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with both maternal and offspring adverse effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently adopted novel GDM criteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the former WHO and a simplified version of the new International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria as to prevalence of and risk factors for GDM in a Nordic Caucasian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 687 women at 18-22 and 32-36 pregnancy weeks. GDM was defined according to the WHO criteria as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and by a simplified version of the IADPSG criteria as either fasting glucose ≥ 5.1 mmol/L and/or 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 8.5 mmol/L. One-hour glucose values were not available and were thus not included in the diagnosis of GDM by IADPSG. Prevalence of GDM during pregnancy and risk factors for GDM at 18-22 weeks were studied in retrospect according to each of the two criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total prevalence of GDM during pregnancy was 6.1% (42/687) for the WHO criteria and 7.4% (51/687) for the simplified IADPSG criteria. High maternal age and short stature were independently associated with WHO GDM. Maternal age, fasting insulin and no regular exercise at 18-22 pregnancy weeks associated with simplified IADPSG GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simplified IADPSG criteria moderately increase GDM prevalence compared with the WHO criteria. Risk factors for GDM differ with the diagnostic criteria used.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital , Vestre Viken.
authors: Ragnhild
authors: R
authors: Helseth
authors: Oyvind
authors: O
authors: Salvesen
authors: Signe N
authors: SN
authors: Stafne
authors: Siv
authors: S
authors: Mørkved
authors: Kjell A
authors: KA
authors: Salvesen
authors: Sven M
authors: SM
authors: Carlsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: GDM; GDM diagnostic criteria; GDM risk factors; IADPSG criteria; WHO criteria; pregnancy-induced diabetes