title: High-frequency ultrasonic imaging of growth and development in manufactured engineered oral mucosal tissue surfaces.
abstract: This study uses high-resolution ultrasound to examine the growth and development of engineered oral mucosal tissues manufactured under aseptic conditions. The specimens are a commercially available natural tissue scaffold, AlloDerm, and oral keratinocytes seeded onto AlloDerm to form an ex vivo-produced oral mucosal equivalent (EVPOME) suitable for intra-oral grafting. The seeded cells produce a keratinized protective upper layer that smooths out any remaining surface irregularities on the underlying AlloDerm. Two-dimensional acoustic imaging of unseeded AlloDerm and developing EVPOMEs was performed on each day of their growth and development, each tissue specimen being imaged under aseptic conditions (total time from seeding to maturation: 11 d). Ultrasonic monitoring offers us the ability to determine the constituents of the EVPOME that are responsible for changes in its mechanical behavior during the manufacturing process. Ultrasonic monitoring affords us an opportunity to non-invasively assess, in real time, tissue-engineered constructs before release for use in patient care.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Electronic address: Fwinterr@umich.edu.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Winterroth
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Oral Anatomy, Course for Oral Life Science, Niigata University Postgraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Kato
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Shiuhyang
authors: S
authors: Kuo
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Stephen E
authors: SE
authors: Feinberg
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Scott J
authors: SJ
authors: Hollister
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: J Brian
authors: JB
authors: Fowlkes
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Sound Sight Research, Livonia, Michigan, USA.
authors: Kyle W
authors: KW
authors: Hollman
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: C440568:Alloderm; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Acoustic elasticity microscopy; Cell spreading; Image analysis; Keratinocyte; Non-invasive assessment; Oral mucosa; Tissue engineering; Ultrasound