title: Italian ryegrass for the phytoremediation of solutions polluted with terbuthylazine.
abstract: The phytoextraction capacity of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) to remove terbuthylazine (TBA) from aqueous solution has been assessed using a plant-based biotest (RHIZOtest). Three TBA concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L(-1)) were chosen to evaluate the tolerance capacity of the ryegrass. Even though the treatments negatively affected plants, they were able to remove up to 30-40% of TBA. In addition, some enzymatic activities involved in the response to TBA-induced stress were determined. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) has been activated with a TBA-dose dependent trend; ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities have been induced within the first hours after the treatments, followed by decreases or disappearance in plants exposed to two higher dosages. In conclusion, this case-study highlights that the combination of ryegrass and RHIZOtest resulted to be effective in the remediation of aqueous solutions polluted by TBA.
authors: Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Mimmo
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
authors: Maria Luce
authors: ML
authors: Bartucca
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: daniele.delbuono@unipg.it.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Del Buono
authors: Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Cesco
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D007558:Italy; D008129:Lolium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012996:Solutions / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012996:Solutions; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C037565:terbutylazine
keywords: Ascorbate peroxidases; Glutathione S-transferases; Herbicide residues; Italian ryegrass; Terbuthylazine