title: Expression of SATB1 promotes the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer.
abstract: Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) has been identified as a genome organizer that reprograms chromatin organization and transcription profiles. SATB1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types. The association between SATB1 and colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been studied intensively. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SATB1 on CRC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo and its correlation with overall survival and clinicopathological factors in CRC patients. Stable SATB1 knockdown and SATB1-overexpressing cell lines were established. SATB1 knockdown decreased cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in CRC cells in vitro (p<0.05), whereas SATB1 overexpression had the opposite effect. SATB1 overexpression increased tumor growth and metastasis to lung and liver in vivo by using xenograft animal models (p<0.05). Thus, SATB1 promoted an aggressive CRC phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of 560 CRC specimens showed that SATB1 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in matched non-tumor mucosa (p<0.001). In addition, SATB1 expression was significantly higher in patients with poorly differentiated tumors, higher invasion depth, distant metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. SATB1-positive patients had a poorer prognosis than SATB1-negative patients, and SATB1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for CRC (p = 0.009). Strikingly, we also evaluated SATB2 expression in CRC and found that SATB2 was more abundantly expressed in non-cancerous mucosa compared to colorectal cancer tissues (p<0.001). However, SATB2 expression had no influence on prognosis of CRC patients (p = 0.836). SATB1 expression was significantly associated with shorter survival time either in SATB2-positive patients or in SATB2-negative patients (p<0.001). In conclusion, our findings indicated an important role for SATB1 in CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, SATB1 may represent an important prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Gereology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiuyun
authors: X
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Gereology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Ji
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaoya
authors: X
authors: Guan
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Center Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Dong
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Center Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhao
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Wei
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chunxiang
authors: C
authors: Ye
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaosun
authors: X
authors: Yuan
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Etiology Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chunyi
authors: C
authors: Hao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C076189:SATB1 protein, human