title: The accuracy of non-invasively continuous total hemoglobin measurement by pulse CO-Oximetry undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution and reinfusion of autologous blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-invasively continuous total hemoglobin (SpHb) measurement has not been assessed adequately in acute bleeding and rapid blood transfusion during surgery. Thus, we have assessed the efficacy of SpHb during both acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and autologous blood transfusion (ABT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients undergoing urological and gynecological surgery were enrolled. ANH was induced by withdrawing blood of 800 g with simultaneous fluid administration. When surgical hemostasis was completed, collected blood was reinfused. Measurement of SpHb, perfusion index (PI) and real total Hb (tHb) were done before and after each 400 ml blood removal (-0, -400, -800 ml) and reinfusion (+0, +400, +800 ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measurements showed a bias (precision) g/dl of 1.12 (1.25), 1.43 (1.24) and 1.10 (1.23) for all data, during ANH and during ABT, respectively. Additionally, a bias (precision) increased with a reduction in tHb (g/dl): ≥10.0; 0.74 (1.30), 8.0-10.0; 1.15 (1.12) and <8.0; 1.60 (1.28). Although the difference between SpHb and tHb was almost zero before anesthesia induction, it became significant just before ANH and did not change further by ANH and ABT. Significant correlations between SpHb and tHb for all data (r = 0.75, n = 228, p < 0.001) were observed. PI slightly correlated with the difference between SpHb and tHb (r = 0.38, n = 216, p < 0.001). Furthermore, before and after induction of anesthesia, PI also correlated with the difference between SpHb and tHb (r = 0.42, n = 23, p = 0.048 and r = 0.51, n = 22, p = 0.016, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that SpHb may overestimate tHb during ANH and ABT. In addition, PI and tHb levels had an impact on the accuracy of SpHb measurements.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan, fix-you@hotmail.co.jp.
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Saito
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Kitayama
authors: Masafumi
authors: M
authors: Oishi
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Kudo
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Sawada
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Kazuyoshi
authors: K
authors: Hirota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins