title: Application of (68)Ga-PRGD2 PET/CT for αvβ3-integrin imaging of myocardial infarction and stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic vascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, have been found to be associated with elevated expression of αvβ3-integrin, which provides a promising target for semi-quantitative monitoring of the disease. For the first time, we employed (68)Ga-S-2-(isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-PEG3-E[c(RGDyK)]2 ((68)Ga-PRGD2) to evaluate the αvβ3-integrin-related repair in post-MI and post-stroke patients via positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  With Institutional Review Board approval, 23 MI patients (3 days-2 years post-MI) and 16 stroke patients (3 days-13 years post-stroke) were recruited. After giving informed consent, each patient underwent a cardiac or brain PET/CT scan 30 min after the intravenous injection of (68)Ga-PRGD2 in a dose of approximately 1.85 MBq (0.05 mCi) per kilogram body weight. Two stroke patients underwent repeat scans three months after the event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patchy (68)Ga-PRGD2 uptake occurred in or around the ischemic regions in 20/23 MI patients and punctate multifocal uptake occurred in 8/16 stroke patients. The peak standardized uptake values (pSUVs) in MI were 1.94 ± 0.48 (mean ± SD; range, 0.62-2.69), significantly higher than those in stroke (mean ± SD, 0.46 ± 0.29; range, 0.15-0.93; P < 0.001). Higher (68)Ga-PRGD2 uptake was observed in the patients 1-3 weeks after the initial onset of the MI/stroke event. The uptake levels were significantly correlated with the diameter of the diseases (r = 0.748, P = 0.001 for MI and r = 0.835, P = 0.003 for stroke). Smaller or older lesions displayed no uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (68)Ga-PRGD2 uptake was observed around the ischemic region in both MI and stroke patients, which was correlated with the disease phase and severity. The different image patterns and uptake levels in MI and stroke patients warrant further investigations.
authors: 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: 2. Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zeng
authors: 3. Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Yicheng
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: 4. Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Feng
authors: 3. Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Weihai
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Chenxi
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Xing
authors: 4. Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Weihong
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Peiling
authors: P
authors: Wu
authors: 3. Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Liying
authors: L
authors: Cui
authors: 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Renzhi
authors: R
authors: Wang
authors: 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: 6. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
authors: Xiaoyuan
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China;
authors: Zhaohui
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: C584295:68Ga-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-7-triacetic acid-isothiocyanatobenzyl-c(Arg-Gly-Asp-Tyr-Lys); D056831:Coordination Complexes; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D009842:Oligopeptides
keywords: 68Ga-PRGD2; PET/CT; angiogenesis.; myocardial infarction; stroke; αvβ3-integrin