title: Identification of species and materia medica within Angelica L. (Umbelliferae) based on phylogeny inferred from DNA barcodes.
abstract: DNA barcodes have been increasingly used in authentication of medicinal plants, while their wide application in materia medica is limited in their accuracy due to incomplete sampling of species and absence of identification for materia medica. In this study, 95 leaf accessions of 23 species (including one variety) and materia medica of three Pharmacopoeia-recorded species of Angelica in China were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of four DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA and ITS). Our results showed that ITS provided the best discriminatory power by resolving 17 species as monophyletic lineages without shared alleles and exhibited the largest barcoding gap among the four single barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS showed that Levisticum officinale and Angelica sinensis were sister taxa, which indicates that L. officinale should be considered as a species of Angelica. The combination of ITS + rbcL + matK + trnH-psbA performed slight better discriminatory power than ITS, recovering 23 species without shared alleles and 19 species as monophyletic clades in ML tree. Authentication of materia medica using ITS revealed that the decoction pieces of A. sinensis and A. biserrata were partially adulterated with those of L. officinale, and the temperature around 80 °C processing A. dahurica decoction pieces obviously reduced the efficiency of PCR and sequencing. The examination of two cultivated varieties of A. dahurica from different localities indicated that the four DNA barcodes are inefficient for discriminating geographical authenticity of conspecific materia medica. This study provides an empirical paradigm in identification of medicinal plants and their materia medica using DNA barcodes.
authors: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors: Qing-Jun
authors: QJ
authors: Yuan
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Jiang
authors: Wen-Jing
authors: WJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Tsai-Yun
authors: TY
authors: Lin
authors: Nian-He
authors: NH
authors: Wang
authors: Shu-Jiau
authors: SJ
authors: Chiou
authors: Lu-Qi
authors: LQ
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D029969:Angelica / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D030003:Levisticum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D008419:Materia Medica
keywords: Angelica; DNA barcodes; authentication; decoction pieces; materia medica