title: Blood 2,5-dimethylfuran as a sensitive and specific biomarker for cigarette smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the validity of blood 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) for determining smoking status using population-based data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained blood DMF concentrations and smoking status from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 and computed sensitivity, specificity and Kappa statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-reported smoking showed very high agreement (Kappa = 92.8-93.3%) in daily smokers and fair agreement in non-daily smokers (Kappa = 33.7-36.4%). Coffee intake did not influence the detection of blood DMF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood DMF has comparable sensitivity and specificity with serum cotinine for identifying current daily smokers, which may make it a useful biomarker in epidemiologic studies.
authors: School of Public Health, University of Memphis , Memphis, TN , USA.
authors: Chunrong
authors: C
authors: Jia
authors: Kenneth D
authors: KD
authors: Ward
authors: Fawaz
authors: F
authors: Mzayek
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Relyea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D005663:Furans / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005663:Furans; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C037555:2,5-dimethylfuran; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: 2; 5-dimethylfuran; NHANES; cotinine; environmental tobacco smoke; volatile organic compound