title: Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and single-neuron recording in alert non-human primates.
abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used, noninvasive method for stimulating nervous tissue, yet its mechanisms of effect are poorly understood. Here we report new methods for studying the influence of TMS on single neurons in the brain of alert non-human primates. We designed a TMS coil that focuses its effect near the tip of a recording electrode and recording electronics that enable direct acquisition of neuronal signals at the site of peak stimulus strength minimally perturbed by stimulation artifact in awake monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We recorded action potentials within ∼1 ms after 0.4-ms TMS pulses and observed changes in activity that differed significantly for active stimulation as compared with sham stimulation. This methodology is compatible with standard equipment in primate laboratories, allowing easy implementation. Application of these tools will facilitate the refinement of next generation TMS devices, experiments and treatment protocols.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Jerel K
authors: JK
authors: Mueller
authors: 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Erinn M
authors: EM
authors: Grigsby
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Prevosto
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Frank W
authors: FW
authors: Petraglia
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Hrishikesh
authors: H
authors: Rao
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Zhi-De
authors: ZD
authors: Deng
authors: 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [4] Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Angel V
authors: AV
authors: Peterchev
authors: 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [3] Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [4] Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Marc A
authors: MA
authors: Sommer
authors: 1] Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [3] Department of Psychology &Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Tobias
authors: 0000000179563241
authors: T
authors: Egner
authors: 1] Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [3] Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Platt
authors: 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [3] Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [4] Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [5] Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Warren M
authors: WM
authors: Grill
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D004566:Electrodes / Q000592:standards; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards