title: Comparison of two dental implant surface modifications on implants with same macrodesign: an experimental study in the pelvic sheep model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare two different surfaces of one uniform macro-implant design in order to focus exclusively on the osseointegration properties after 2, 4 and 8 weeks and to discuss the animal model chosen.
  
  
  METHODS
  In six mature sheep, n = 36 implants with a highly crystalline and phosphate-enriched anodized titanium oxide surface (TiU) and n = 36 implants with a hydrophilic, sandblasted, large grit and acid-etched surface (SLA) were placed in the pelvic bone. TiU implants were custom-made to match the SLA implant design. The implant stability and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were assessed by resonance frequency (ISQ), backscatter scanning electron microscopy (B-SEM), light microscopy (LM), micro-CT and intravital fluorochrome staining. Biomechanical removal torque testing was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, no statistically significant differences in BIC total (trabecular + cortical) between TiU and SLA were found via LM and B-SEM. BIC values (B-SEM; LM) in both groups revealed a steady rise in trabecular bone attachment to the implant surface after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. In the 2- to 4-week time interval in the TiU group (P = 0.005) as well as in the SLA group (P = 0.01), a statistically significant increase in BIC trabecular could be observed via LM. B-SEM values confirmed the statistically significant increase for TiU (P = 0.001). In both groups, BIC trabecular values after 8 weeks were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than after 2 weeks (B-SEM; LM). Biomechanical data confirmed the histological data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two surfaces proved comparable osseointegration in this sheep model.
authors: Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MRSU), Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Ernst
authors: Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MRSU), Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Stübinger
authors: Research Laboratory for Microscopy and Histology, Horgen, Switzerland.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Schüpbach
authors: Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MRSU), Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Michéle
authors: M
authors: Sidler
authors: Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MRSU), Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: Klein
authors: Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Ferguson
authors: Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MRSU), Vetsuisse Faculty ZH, Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: von Rechenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: SEM backscatter; bone‐to‐implant contact; dental implants; osseointegration; removal torque test; resonance frequency; sheep; surface