title: Lower vitamin D level is associated with poor coronary collateral circulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D regulates calcium and bone homeostasis, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Cross-sectional associations between lower vitamin D levels and cardiovascular diseases have been reported, but the relationship between vitamin D levels and collateral arteries in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been reported before.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fourteen patients with above 95% stenosis in at least one epicardial coronary artery were consecutively recruited after coronary angiography (CAG) during the winter season. The coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was graded using Rentrop classification. Poor CCC group included patients with Rentrop Grade 0-1 CCC and control group included patients with Rentrop Grade 2-3 CCC. Vitamin D and PTH levels were measured on the day of CAG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the poor CCC group, vitamin D levels were lower (34 ± 25 pmol/L vs. 49 ± 33 pmol/L; p = 0.01) and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 37 pmol/L) was higher (67% vs. 43%; p = 0.01) compared to the controls. PTH levels, calcium, and phosphate levels were not significantly different between the groups. Female gender, lower HDL cholesterol, and lower vitamin D levels were independently correlated with poor CCC in the study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower vitamin D levels may be associated with poor collateral development in patients with stable CAD.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors: Irfan
authors: I
authors: Sahin
authors: Ertugrul
authors: E
authors: Okuyan
authors: Baris
authors: B
authors: Gungor
authors: Adnan
authors: A
authors: Kaya
authors: Ilhan Ilker
authors: II
authors: Avci
authors: Halil İbrahim
authors: Hİ
authors: Biter
authors: Sukru
authors: S
authors: Cetin
authors: Asim
authors: A
authors: Enhos
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Avsar
authors: Mustafa Hakan
authors: MH
authors: Dinçkal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: collateral; coronary artery disease; parathyroid hormone; vitamin D