title: Gene-age interactions in blood pressure regulation: a large-scale investigation with the CHARGE, Global BPgen, and ICBP Consortia.
abstract: Although age-dependent effects on blood pressure (BP) have been reported, they have not been systematically investigated in large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We leveraged the infrastructure of three well-established consortia (CHARGE, GBPgen, and ICBP) and a nonstandard approach (age stratification and metaregression) to conduct a genome-wide search of common variants with age-dependent effects on systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP), and pulse (PP) pressure. In a two-staged design using 99,241 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 20 genome-wide significant (p ≤ 5 × 10(-8)) loci by using joint tests of the SNP main effect and SNP-age interaction. Nine of the significant loci demonstrated nominal evidence of age-dependent effects on BP by tests of the interactions alone. Index SNPs in the EHBP1L1 (DBP and MAP), CASZ1 (SBP and MAP), and GOSR2 (PP) loci exhibited the largest age interactions, with opposite directions of effect in the young versus the old. The changes in the genetic effects over time were small but nonnegligible (up to 1.58 mm Hg over 60 years). The EHBP1L1 locus was discovered through gene-age interactions only in whites but had DBP main effects replicated (p = 8.3 × 10(-4)) in 8,682 Asians from Singapore, indicating potential interethnic heterogeneity. A secondary analysis revealed 22 loci with evidence of age-specific effects (e.g., only in 20 to 29-year-olds). Age can be used to select samples with larger genetic effect sizes and more homogenous phenotypes, which may increase statistical power. Age-dependent effects identified through novel statistical approaches can provide insight into the biology and temporal regulation underlying BP associations.
authors: Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: jeannette@wubios.wustl.edu.
authors: Jeannette
authors: J
authors: Simino
authors: Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Shi
authors: Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
authors: Joshua C
authors: JC
authors: Bis
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Daniel I
authors: DI
authors: Chasman
authors: Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
authors: Georg B
authors: GB
authors: Ehret
authors: Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Xiangjun
authors: X
authors: Gu
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
authors: Xiuqing
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
authors: Shih-Jen
authors: SJ
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Sijbrands
authors: Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors: Albert V
authors: AV
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Germaine C
authors: GC
authors: Verwoert
authors: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Bragg-Gresham
authors: Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada.
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Cadby
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
authors: Peng
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authors: Chen
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Ching-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Tanguy
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authors: Corre
authors: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Rudolf A
authors: RA
authors: de Boer
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors: Anuj
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authors: Goel
authors: Clinical Pharmacology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
authors: Toby
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authors: Johnson
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
authors: Chiea-Chuen
authors: CC
authors: Khor
authors: Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Carla
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authors: Lluís-Ganella
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors: Jian'an
authors: J
authors: Luan
authors: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 30101, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33101, Finland.
authors: Leo-Pekka
authors: LP
authors: Lyytikäinen
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Ilja M
authors: IM
authors: Nolte
authors: Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
authors: Xueling
authors: X
authors: Sim
authors: Human Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors: Siim
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authors: Sõber
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Peter J
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authors: van der Most
authors: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Niek
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authors: Verweij
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors: Jing Hua
authors: JH
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Najaf
authors: N
authors: Amin
authors: Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Boerwinkle
authors: Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Bouchard
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Dehghan
authors: Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland.
authors: Gudny
authors: G
authors: Eiriksdottir
authors: Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Elosua
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Oscar H
authors: OH
authors: Franco
authors: Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Gieger
authors: Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Tamara B
authors: TB
authors: Harris
authors: U557 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1125 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris 13, 93000 Bobigny, France.
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Hercberg
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Hofman
authors: Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors: Alan L
authors: AL
authors: James
authors: Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33521, Finland.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kähönen
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK.
authors: Kay-Tee
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Zoltan
authors: Z
authors: Kutalik
authors: Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors: Martin G
authors: MG
authors: Larson
authors: Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Lenore J
authors: LJ
authors: Launer
authors: Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
authors: Guo
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors: Kiang
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
authors: Alanna C
authors: AC
authors: Morrison
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Gerjan
authors: G
authors: Navis
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
authors: Rick Twee-Hee
authors: RT
authors: Ong
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: George J
authors: GJ
authors: Papanicolau
authors: Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute/Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZD Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Brenda W
authors: BW
authors: Penninx
authors: Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
authors: Bruce M
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authors: Psaty
authors: Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Pacific Theatres, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors: Leslie J
authors: LJ
authors: Raffel
authors: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland.
authors: Olli T
authors: OT
authors: Raitakari
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Rice
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Rivadeneira
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors: Lynda M
authors: LM
authors: Rose
authors: Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
authors: Serena
authors: S
authors: Sanna
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Scott
authors: Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Siscovick
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Ronald P
authors: RP
authors: Stolk
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherland Genomics Inititiative, Netherlands Center for Healthy Aging, The Hague 2509, the Netherlands.
authors: Andre G
authors: AG
authors: Uitterlinden
authors: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
authors: Dhananjay
authors: D
authors: Vaidya
authors: Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Melanie M
authors: MM
authors: van der Klauw
authors: Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Divisions of Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors: Ramachandran S
authors: RS
authors: Vasan
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Eranga Nishanthie
authors: EN
authors: Vithana
authors: Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Völker
authors: Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Völzke
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors: Hugh
authors: H
authors: Watkins
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: Terri L
authors: TL
authors: Young
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
authors: Tin
authors: T
authors: Aung
authors: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Murielle
authors: M
authors: Bochud
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Farrall
authors: Interdisciplinary Center for Pathology of Emotions, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Catharina A
authors: CA
authors: Hartman
authors: Human Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors: Maris
authors: M
authors: Laan
authors: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21224, USA.
authors: Edward G
authors: EG
authors: Lakatta
authors: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 30101, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33101, Finland.
authors: Terho
authors: T
authors: Lehtimäki
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors: Ruth J F
authors: RJ
authors: Loos
authors: Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Gavin
authors: G
authors: Lucas
authors: U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France.
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Meneton
authors: Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada.
authors: Lyle J
authors: LJ
authors: Palmer
authors: Institute of Physiology, University of Greifswald, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany.
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Rettig
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Harold
authors: H
authors: Snieder
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University Health System and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors: E Shyong
authors: ES
authors: Tai
authors: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
authors: Yik-Ying
authors: YY
authors: Teo
authors: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, 3501 DG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: Pim
authors: P
authors: van der Harst
authors: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Wareham
authors: Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors: Cisca
authors: C
authors: Wijmenga
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
authors: Tien Yin
authors: TY
authors: Wong
authors: Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
authors: Myriam
authors: M
authors: Fornage
authors: Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors: Vilmundur
authors: V
authors: Gudnason
authors: Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Levy
authors: Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Palmas
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Ridker
authors: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
authors: Jerome I
authors: JI
authors: Rotter
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherland Genomics Inititiative, Netherlands Center for Healthy Aging, The Hague 2509, the Netherlands; Netherland Genomics Initiative, Centre for Medical Systems Biology, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors: Cornelia M
authors: CM
authors: van Duijn
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: Jacqueline C M
authors: JC
authors: Witteman
authors: Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: aravinda@jhmi.edu.
authors: Aravinda
authors: A
authors: Chakravarti
authors: Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Mathematics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors: Dabeeru C
authors: DC
authors: Rao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult