title: Protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment against spinal cord injury in rats via toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling.
abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious medical problem with high mortality and disability rates. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment is beneficial for neurological recovery after SCI, but the underlying mechanisms await characterization. This study examined whether HBO treatment following SCI in rats exerts a neuroprotective effect through activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. The SC of rats was injured via T10 laminectomy. Experimental animals (n=144) were divided into four groups: sham-operated (SH), SH+HBO, SCI, and SCI+HBO. Each group was subdivided into six subgroups (n=6 per group) that were examined at 12 h, and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days post-injury. Functional recovery in the hind limb was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system. The expression of TLR2 and NF-кB was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, while interleukin-1 (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TLR2 and NF-кB levels and histological scores were higher in the SCI than in the SH and SH+HBO groups at various time points. HBO treatment decreased TLR2 and NF-кB expression and histological scores as well as IL-1β and TNF-α levels compared to the SCI group at early post-injury stages. In addition, BBB scores were improved in the SCI+HBO relative to the SCI group at 7 and 14 days. HBO treatment may mitigate secondary injury to the SC by inhibiting inflammatory responses induced by TLR2/NF-кB signaling, thereby promoting functional recovery and improving neurological outcome.
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors: Jiewen
authors: J
authors: Tan
authors: Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, 100020, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Liang
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, 100038, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, 100020, China.
authors: Zhuo
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, 100020, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, 100020, China.
authors: Xuehua
authors: X
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495343:Tlr2 protein, rat; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Hyperbaric oxygen; nuclear factor κB; spinal cord injury; toll-like receptor 2