title: Phenotypic spectrum of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
abstract: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome, with several underlying etiologic and pathophysiologic factors. The heterogeneity of the HFpEF syndrome may explain why (1) diagnosing and treating HFpEF is so challenging and (2) clinical trials in HFpEF have failed thus far. Here we describe 4 ways of categorizing HFpEF based on pathophysiology, clinical/etiologic subtype, type of clinical presentation, and quantitative phenomics (phenomapping analysis). Regardless of the classification method used, improved phenotypic characterization of HFpEF, and matching targeted therapies with specific HFpEF subtypes, will be a critical step towards improving outcomes in this increasingly prevalent syndrome.
authors: Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: sanjiv.shah@northwestern.edu.
authors: Sanjiv J
authors: SJ
authors: Shah
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Daniel H
authors: DH
authors: Katz
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: Rahul C
authors: RC
authors: Deo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents
keywords: Classification; Clinical trials; Etiology; Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; Pathophysiology; Phenomics; Phenotype