title: Mechanism of UES relaxation initiated by gastric air distension.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of initiation of transient upper esophageal sphincter relaxation (TUESR) caused by gastric air distension. Cats (n = 31) were decerebrated, EMG electrodes were placed on the cricopharyngeus, a gastric fistula was formed, and a strain gauge was sewn on the lower esophageal sphincter (n = 8). Injection of air (114 ± 13 ml) in the stomach caused TUESR (n = 18) and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR, n = 6), and this effect was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by thoracotomy. Free air or bagged air (n = 6) activated TLESR, but only free air activated TUESR. Closure of the gastroesophageal junction blocked TUESR (9/9), but not TLESR (4/4), caused by air inflation of the stomach. Venting air from distal esophagus during air inflation of the stomach prevented TUESR (n = 12) but did not prevent air escape from the stomach to the esophagus (n = 4). Rapid injection of air on the esophageal mucosa always caused TUESR (9/9) but did not always (7/9) cause an increase in esophageal pressure. The time delay between the TUESR and the rapid air pulse was significantly more variable (P < 0.05) than the time delay between the rapid air pulse and the rise in esophageal pressure. We concluded that the TUESR caused by gastric air distension is dependent on air escape from the stomach, which stimulates receptors in the esophagus, but is not dependent on distension of the stomach or esophagus, or the TLESR. Therefore, the TUESR caused by gastric air distension is initiated by stimulation of receptors in the esophageal mucosa.
authors: MCW Dysphagia Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin imlang@mcw.edu.
authors: Ivan M
authors: IM
authors: Lang
authors: MCW Dysphagia Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Bidyut K
authors: BK
authors: Medda
authors: MCW Dysphagia Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Shaker
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D003655:Decerebrate State; D004576:Electromyography; D004884:Eructation; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000502:physiology*; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000502:physiology*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000502:physiology; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology
keywords: lower esophageal sphincter; stomach; transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation; transient upper esophageal sphincter relaxation; upper esophageal sphincter