title: Elevated audiovisual temporal interaction in patients with migraine without aura.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photophobia and phonophobia are the most prominent symptoms in patients with migraine without aura. Hypersensitivity to visual stimuli can lead to greater hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli, which suggests that the interaction between visual and auditory stimuli may play an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine. However, audiovisual temporal interactions in migraine have not been well studied. Therefore, our aim was to examine auditory and visual interactions in migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, visual, auditory, and audiovisual stimuli with different temporal intervals between the visual and auditory stimuli were randomly presented to the left or right hemispace. During this time, the participants were asked to respond promptly to target stimuli. We used cumulative distribution functions to analyze the response times as a measure of audiovisual integration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that audiovisual integration was significantly elevated in the migraineurs compared with the normal controls (p < 0.05); however, audiovisual suppression was weaker in the migraineurs compared with the normal controls (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings further objectively support the notion that migraineurs without aura are hypersensitive to external visual and auditory stimuli. Our study offers a new quantitative and objective method to evaluate hypersensitivity to audio-visual stimuli in patients with migraine.
authors: Weiping
authors: W
authors: Yang
authors: Bingqian
authors: B
authors: Chu
authors: Jiajia
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Yinghua
authors: Y
authors: Yu
authors: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, 700-8530 Kitaku, Okayama, Japan. wu@mech.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors: Jinglong
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Shengyuan
authors: S
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012001:Hyperacusis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D020795:Photophobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors