title: In vitro assessment of commercial sunscreens available in Latin America.
abstract: In Latin America, people have largely abandoned the practice of wearing hats and traditional clothing that provided skin protection. Sunscreen application has therefore become essential to protect against the increased sun exposure. The physician-prescribed medical-grade sunscreens provide sufficient sun protection but the requirement for regular use puts a financial burden on the patient that is often not sustainable. An appropriate sunscreen should provide a high and broad ultraviolet (UV) protection against UVB and UVA. Several over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreens have been developed for sale at affordable prices and are available for purchase in convenient locations, such as local grocery stores. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro UV protection of 34 popular OTC sunscreens found in the Latin American market. UV absorbance/transmittance was quantified by diffusion transmission spectroscopy using coarse silica plaques. Photostability was tested by irradiating them with simulated solar light and calculating the sun protection factor (SPF), critical length of absorption (C lambda ), UVA/UVB ratio, and the spectral uniformity index (SUI). The results indicated that the in vitro SPFs were significantly lower than the value declared on the labels, particularly for those claiming high SPF values; however, the majority of these sunscreens offered high levels of UV protection. Considering the advantages of low cost and ample accessibility, we concluded that this sample of OTC sunscreens can be beneficial to the general public by providing some level of skin protection from solar radiation, and may be promoted to improve compliance with recommended photoprotection behavior.
authors: Juan Pablo
authors: JP
authors: Castanedo-Cázares
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: Martínez-Rosales
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Hernández-Blanco
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Valdés-Rodríguez
authors: Bertha
authors: B
authors: Torres-Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000329:Advertising; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007843:Latin America; D010777:Photochemistry; D011791:Quartz; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D059405:Sun Protection Factor; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D011791:Quartz