title: Polymalic acid-based nano biopolymers for targeting of multiple tumor markers: an opportunity for personalized medicine?
abstract: Tumors with similar grade and morphology often respond differently to the same treatment because of variations in molecular profiling. To account for this diversity, personalized medicine is developed for silencing malignancy associated genes. Nano drugs fit these needs by targeting tumor and delivering antisense oligonucleotides for silencing of genes. As drugs for the treatment are often administered repeatedly, absence of toxicity and negligible immune response are desirable. In the example presented here, a nano medicine is synthesized from the biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic platform polymalic acid by controlled chemical ligation of antisense oligonucleotides and tumor targeting molecules. The synthesis and treatment is exemplified for human Her2-positive breast cancer using an experimental mouse model. The case can be translated towards synthesis and treatment of other tumors.
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Julia Y
authors: JY
authors: Ljubimova
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Ding
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Portilla-Arias
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Rameshwar
authors: R
authors: Patil
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Pallavi R
authors: PR
authors: Gangalum
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Chesnokova
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Inoue
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Rekechenetskiy
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Tala
authors: T
authors: Nassoura
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
authors: Keith L
authors: KL
authors: Black
authors: Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Eggehard.Holler@cshs.org.
authors: Eggehard
authors: E
authors: Holler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008293:Malates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016839:Physarum polycephalum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008293:Malates; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011108:Polymers; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C121060:poly(malic acid); C508053:ERBB2 protein, human