title: Perfluorooctanoic acid stimulates breast cancer cells invasion and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 expression mediated by activating NF-κB.
abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used because of its stain-resistant and water-repellant properties. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms undergoing the stimulation effects of PFOA on cancer cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. Trans-well filter assay showed that PFOA exposure (≥5 nM) evidently enhanced the invasion ability of the breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and gelatin zymography consistently demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2/-9 were increased in the cells after PFOA treatment (P<0.05 each). Western blotting revealed that PFOA could activate nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) by accelerating NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, addition of NF-κB inhibitor in culture medium could suppress the breast cancer cells invasiveness enhancement and MMP-2/-9 overexpression. This study indicates that PFOA can stimulate breast cancer cells invasion and up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 expression mediated by activating NF-κB, which deserves more environmental health concerns.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Fengliang
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Pengfei
authors: P
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Miao
authors: Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zeng
authors: Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Xianwei
authors: X
authors: Cui
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Yin
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Gao
authors: Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China. Electronic address: fzyzzu@hotmail.com.
authors: Ziyi
authors: Z
authors: Fu
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; D008156:Luciferases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C022616:thiazolyl blue
keywords: Breast cancer; Invasion; Perfluorooctanoic acid