title: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Litsea japonica fruit are mediated via suppression of NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK activation.
abstract: Fruits of the Litsea family of trees and shrubs contain biologically active compounds, some of which have been used as natural nutrients and flavoring agents in food. In this study, we identified novel anti-nociceptive effects of the 30% ethanol extract, the CH(2)Cl(2) fraction and the associated active components (Hamabiwalactone A and B) from Litsea japonica fruit by using in vivo peripheral and central nervous pain models. In addition, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects of several fractions from L. japonica fruit extracts using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of L. japonica fruit (LJM) had an optimal combination of anti-inflammatory effects and low cytotoxicity. Dose response studies were performed to determine the inhibitory effects of LJM on the pro-inflammatory enzymes, COX-2/PGE(2) and NO/iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Molecular profiling revealed that LJM exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling in LPS-induced macrophages. This study suggests that CH2Cl2 fraction of L. japonica fruit and its bioactive components are potential candidates as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents (painkillers) for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Koo
authors: Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 697-943, Republic of Korea.
authors: Weon-Jong
authors: WJ
authors: Yoon
authors: Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun-Hwa
authors: EH
authors: Sohn
authors: Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 697-943, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Min
authors: YM
authors: Ham
authors: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seon-A
authors: SA
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung-Eun
authors: JE
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong Joon
authors: YJ
authors: Jeong
authors: School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Kwak
authors: Division of Information Analysis Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, KISTI, Seoul 130-741, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eunsoo
authors: E
authors: Sohn
authors: Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 697-943, Republic of Korea.
authors: Soo-Young
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ki-Hyo
authors: KH
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung
authors: S
authors: Namkoong
authors: Department of Health Administration, College of Social Sciences, Joongbu University, Geumsan 312-702, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyo-Sang
authors: HS
authors: Han
authors: Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo 697-943, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong-Hwan
authors: YH
authors: Jung
authors: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sckang73@gachon.ac.kr.
authors: Se Chan
authors: SC
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit; D005663:Furans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D032862:Litsea; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D005663:Furans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Cyclooxygenase-2; Hamabiwalactone; Litsea japonica