title: ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates endothelin-1-induced lipolysis in adipocytes.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces lipolysis in adipocytes, where ET-1 chronic exposure results in insulin resistance (IR) through suppression of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 translocation to the plasma membrane and consequently glucose uptake. ARF6 small GTPase, which plays a vital role in cell surface receptors trafficking, has previously been shown to regulate GLUT4 recycling and thereby insulin signalling. ARF6 also plays a role in ET-1 promoted endothelial cell migration. However, ARF6 involvement in ET-1-induced lipolysis in adipocytes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of ARF6 in ET-1-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This was achieved by studying the effect of inhibitors for the activation of ARF6 and other signalling proteins on ET-1 induced lipolysis and ARF6 activation in the adipocytes. Our results indicate that ET-1 induces, through endothelin type A receptor (ETAR), lipolysis, the ARF6 activation and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in adipocytes, further ET-1 stimulated lipolysis is inhibited by the inhibitors of ARF6 activation, ERK phosphorylation and dynamin, which is essential for endocytosis. Our studies also revealed that ARF6 acts upstream of ERK in ET-1-indcued lipolysis. In summary, we determined that ET-1 activation of ETAR signalled through ARF6, which is crucial for lipolysis.
authors: Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
authors: Jonathon C B
authors: JC
authors: Davies
authors: Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
authors: Stephen C
authors: SC
authors: Bain
authors: Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. Electronic address: k.venkateswarlu@swansea.ac.uk.
authors: Venkateswarlu
authors: V
authors: Kanamarlapudi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000089982:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D034281:Dynamins / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D000089982:ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6; D019332:Endothelin-1; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors; C000715727:Arf6 protein, mouse; D034281:Dynamins
keywords: ARF6; BFA; BQ-123dynasore; Dexamethasone; ERK; ET-1; Endothelin type A receptor; Endothelin-1; Forskolin; IBMX; Insulin; LY294002; Lipolysis; PD98059; QS11; Rosiglitazone; SecinH3