title: Dynamic monitoring of the cytotoxic effects of protoberberine alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis on HepG2 cells using the xCELLigence system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cytotoxic effects of the six protoberberine alkaloids (PAs) from Rhizoma Coptidis on HepG2 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic screening was conducted to investigate the dynamic response of HepG2 cells to the PAs using the impedance-based xCELLigence system. Cisplatin was selected as the positive control. The real time, concentration-response curves and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were acquired to evaluate the anticancer activity of the PAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the six PAs inhibited cell growth and induce death in HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of cisplatin, berberine, columbamine, coptisine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine were 5.13, 42.33, 226.54, 36.90, 302.72, 383.54, and 456.96 μg·mL(-1), respectively. The results obtained using the xCELLigence system corresponded well with those of the conventional methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The xCELLigence system is a reliable and efficient tool for real-time screening of the cytotoxic effect of compounds in cell-based in vitro assays. Coptisine and berberine, with methylenedioxy group at C2 and C3 on the phenyl ring showed stronger effect.than the other four PAs. However, compared with cisplatin, the six PAs didn't show obvious cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. These results provided some useful data for the evaluation of the anticancer compounds, and the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Le-Le
authors: LL
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Li-Na
authors: LN
authors: Ma
authors: China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China. Electronic address: yd277@126.com.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Yan
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Cong-En
authors: CE
authors: Zhang
authors: China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Gao
authors: China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Xiong
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
authors: Fei-Ya
authors: FY
authors: Sheng
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
authors: Xiao-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Dong
authors: China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China. Electronic address: pharmsci@126.com.
authors: Xiao-He
authors: XH
authors: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D039323:Coptis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017097:Electric Impedance; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C034384:coptisine; D001599:Berberine; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Cytotoxic effect; HepG2 cells; Protoberberine alkaloids; Rhizoma Coptidis; xCELLigence system