title: UVC Inactivation of dsDNA and ssRNA Viruses in Water: UV Fluences and a qPCR-Based Approach to Evaluate Decay on Viral Infectivity.
abstract: Disinfection by low-pressure monochromatic ultraviolet (UVC) radiation (253.7 nm) became an important technique to sanitize drinking water and also wastewater in tertiary treatments. In order to prevent the transmission of waterborne viral diseases, the analysis of the disinfection kinetics and the quantification of infectious viral pathogens and indicators are highly relevant and need to be addressed. The families Adenoviridae and Polyomaviridae comprise human and animal pathogenic viruses that have been also proposed as indicators of fecal contamination in water and as Microbial Source Tracking tools. While it has been previously suggested that dsDNA viruses may be highly resistant to UVC radiation compared to other viruses or bacteria, no information is available on the stability of polyomavirus toward UV irradiation. Here, the inactivation of dsDNA (HAdV2 and JCPyV) and ssRNA (MS2 bacteriophage) viruses was analyzed at increasing UVC fluences. A minor decay of 2-logs was achieved for both infectious JC polyomaviruses (JCPyV) and human adenoviruses 2 (HAdV2) exposed to a UVC fluence of 1,400 J/m(2), while a decay of 4-log was observed for MS2 bacteriophages (ssRNA). The present study reveals the high UVC resistance of dsDNA viruses, and the UV fluences needed to efficiently inactivate JCPyV and HAdV2 are predicted. Furthermore, we show that in conjunction with appropriate mathematical models, qPCR data may be used to accurately estimate virus infectivity.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors: Byron
authors: B
authors: Calgua
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.|Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Carratalà
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Guerrero-Latorre
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: de Abreu Corrêa
authors: Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Tamar
authors: T
authors: Kohn
authors: Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Regina
authors: R
authors: Sommer
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. rgirones@ub.edu.
authors: Rosina
authors: R
authors: Girones
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002460:Cell Line; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007700:Kinetics; D017909:Levivirus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000528:radiation effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D027382:Polyomaviridae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000528:radiation effects; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Adenovirus; JC polyomavirus; MS2 bacteriophage; UV inactivation; qPCR