title: Response of the hepatic transcriptome to aflatoxin B1 in domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
abstract: Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is detrimental to avian health and leads to major economic losses for the poultry industry. AFB1 is especially hepatotoxic in domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), since these birds are unable to detoxify AFB1 by glutathione-conjugation. The impacts of AFB1 on the turkey hepatic transcriptome and the potential protection from pretreatment with a Lactobacillus-based probiotic mixture were investigated through RNA-sequencing. Animals were divided into four treatment groups and RNA was subsequently recovered from liver samples. Four pooled RNA-seq libraries were sequenced to produce over 322 M reads totaling 13.8 Gb of sequence. Approximately 170,000 predicted transcripts were de novo assembled, of which 803 had significant differential expression in at least one pair-wise comparison between treatment groups. Functional analysis linked many of the transcripts significantly affected by AFB1 exposure to cancer, apoptosis, the cell cycle or lipid regulation. Most notable were transcripts from the genes encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2, osteopontin, S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2, and lipoprotein lipase. Expression was modulated by the probiotics, but treatment did not completely mitigate the effects of AFB1. Genes identified through transcriptome analysis provide candidates for further study of AFB1 toxicity and targets for efforts to improve the health of domestic turkeys exposed to AFB1.
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors: Melissa S
authors: MS
authors: Monson
authors: Data Analysis Core, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Settlage
authors: Data Analysis Core, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors: Kevin W
authors: KW
authors: McMahon
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors: Kristelle M
authors: KM
authors: Mendoza
authors: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America.
authors: Sumit
authors: S
authors: Rawal
authors: School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Hani S
authors: HS
authors: El-Nezami
authors: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America.
authors: Roger A
authors: RA
authors: Coulombe
authors: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors: Kent M
authors: KM
authors: Reed
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008716:Methionine Adenosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; C024229:osteopoietin; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D008716:Methionine Adenosyltransferase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase