title: Treatment effects of a modified palatal anchorage plate for distalization evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment effects of maxillary posterior tooth distalization performed by a modified palatal anchorage plate appliance with cephalograms derived from cone-beam computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 40 lateral cephalograms obtained from the cone-beam computed tomography images of 20 Class II patients (7 men, 13 women; average age, 22.9 years) who underwent bilateral distalization of their maxillary dentition. The lateral cephalograms were derived from the cone-beam computed tomography images taken immediately before placement of a modified palatal anchorage plate appliance and at the end of distalization. Paired t tests were used for comparisons of the changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distal movement of the maxillary first molar was 3.3 ± 1.8 mm, with distal tipping of 3.4° ± 5.8° and intrusion of 1.8 ± 1.4 mm. Moreover, the maxillary incisors moved 3.0 ± 2.7 mm lingually, with lingual tipping of 6.2° ± 7.6° and insignificant extrusion (1.1 mm; P = 0.06). The occlusal plane angle was increased significantly (P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maxillary first molar was distalized by 3.3 mm at the crown and 2.2 mm at root levels, with distal tipping of 3.4°. It is recommended that clinicians should consider using the modified palatal anchorage plate appliance in treatment planning for patients who require maxillary total arch distalization.
authors: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: kook190036@yahoo.com.
authors: Yoon-Ah
authors: YA
authors: Kook
authors: Research assistant professor, Graduate School, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; visiting professor, Department of Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Autonóma del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Bayome
authors: Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors: Vu Thi Thu
authors: VT
authors: Trang
authors: Private practitioner, Yonseijin Dental Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hye-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Associate professor and chair, Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, Mesa, Ariz; adjunct professor, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jae Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, Center for Advanced Dental Education, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Mo.
authors: Ki Beom
authors: KB
authors: Kim
authors: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Center for Advanced Dental Education, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Mo.
authors: Rolf G
authors: RG
authors: Behrents
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult