title: Performance of high-rate constructed phytoremediation process with attached growth for domestic wastewater treatment: effect of high TDS and Cu.
abstract: Domestic wastewater treatment under specific influent conditions seriously stressed with total dissolved solids (TDS) and copper (Cu) metal was examined by a laboratory-scale model of the phytoremediation process with the attached growth system using Typha sp. As compared with conventional wetland systems, the process showed more stability and improved performance (88 ± 1.1% BOD5, 73 ± 1.0% NH3-N, 48 ± 2.0% PO4-P) at high organic loading rate (314 ± 18 g BOD5/m(3)/d) either in the presence of high TDS (∼2500 mg/L) or Cu metal (∼30 mg/L). Typha sp. could tolerate TDS concentrations up to 2500 mg/L. Cu-contaminated sewage can cause plant morphological deformities if the metal exceeds the saturation limit of 2416 and 21,036 mg/kg Cu in the shoots and roots, respectively. A minor reduction in the TDS (21%) was observed at the highest tolerable limit, whereas 67% reduction of Cu was observed at the process effluent. The process holds a great promise for main advantages of improved biofilm formation, reduced footprint, energy savings and increased efficiency in domestic wastewater treatment even under unfavorable conditions stressed by TDS and Cu.
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Valipour
authors: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
authors: Nazanin
authors: N
authors: Hamnabard
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
authors: Kwang-Sung
authors: KS
authors: Woo
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea. Electronic address: yhahn@ynu.ac.kr.
authors: Young-Ho
authors: YH
authors: Ahn
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D019149:Bioreactors; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007492:Iran; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D032401:Typhaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Attached growth; Copper (Cu); Phytoremediation; Sewage; TDS; Typha sp