title: Measurement of regional cerebral glucose uptake by magnetic resonance spin-lock imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The regional uptake of glucose in rat brain in vivo was measured at high resolution using spin-lock magnetic resonance imaging after infusion of the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG). Previous studies of glucose metabolism have used 13C-labeled 2DG and NMR spectroscopy, 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and PET, or chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, all of which have practical limitations. Our goal was to explore the ability of spin-lock sequences to detect specific chemically-exchanging species in vivo and to compare the effects of 2DG in brain tissue on CEST images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numerical simulations of R1p and CEST contrasts for a variety of sample parameters were performed to evaluate the potential specificity of each method for detecting the exchange contributions of 2DG. Experimental measurements were made in tissue phantoms and in rat brain in vivo which demonstrated the ability of spin-lock sequences for detecting 2DG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  R1p contrast acquired with appropriate spin-lock sequences can isolate the contribution of exchanging protons in 2DG in vivo and appears to have better sensitivity and more specificity to 2DG-water exchange effects than CEST.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spin-lock imaging provides a novel approach to the detection and measurement of glucose uptake in brain in vivo.
authors: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. Electronic address: zhongliang.zu@vanderbilt.edu.
authors: Zhongliang
authors: Z
authors: Zu
authors: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN; Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Spear
authors: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN; Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
authors: Junzhong
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Gore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 2DG; Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST); R(1p); Spin-lock