title: Survey of helminths, ectoparasites, and chytrid fungus of an introduced population of cane toads, Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae), from Grenada, West Indies.
abstract: One hundred specimens of Rhinella marina , (Anura: Bufonidae) collected in St. George's parish, Grenada, from September 2010 to August 2011, were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and helminths. Ninety-five (95%) were parasitized by 1 or more parasite species. Nine species of parasites were found: 1 digenean, 2 acanthocephalans, 4 nematodes, 1 arthropod and 1 pentastome. The endoparasites represented 98.9% of the total number of parasite specimens collected. Grenada represents a new locality record for Mesocoelium monas, Raillietiella frenatus, Pseudoacanthacephalus sp., Aplectana sp., Physocephalus sp., Acanthacephala cystacanth, and Physalopteridae larvae. The digenean M. monas occurred with the highest prevalence of 82%, contrasting many studies of R. marina where nematodes dominate the parasite infracommunity. Female toads were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of Amblyomma dissimile than male toads. Only 2 parasites exhibited a significant difference between wet and dry season with Parapharyngodon grenadensis prevalence highest in the wet season and A. dissimile prevalence highest during the dry season. Additionally, A. dissimile was significantly more abundant during the dry season.
authors: St. George's University School of Veterinary Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Drake
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Zieger
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Groszkowski
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Gallardo
authors: Patti
authors: P
authors: Sages
authors: Roslyn
authors: R
authors: Reavis
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Faircloth
authors: Krystin
authors: K
authors: Jacobson
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Lonce
authors: Rhonda
authors: R
authors: Pinckney
authors: Rebecca A
authors: RA
authors: Cole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002024:Bufo marinus / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D008411:Chytridiomycota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D019425:Grenada / Q000453:epidemiology; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons