title: Native extracellular matrix: a new scaffolding platform for repair of damaged muscle.
abstract: Effective clinical treatments for volumetric muscle loss resulting from traumatic injury or resection of a large amount of muscle mass are not available to date. Tissue engineering may represent an alternative treatment approach. Decellularization of tissues and whole organs is a recently introduced platform technology for creating scaffolding materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The muscle stem cell niche is composed of a three-dimensional architecture of fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, synthesized by the resident cells that form an intricate extracellular matrix (ECM) network in equilibrium with the surrounding cells and growth factors. A consistent body of evidence indicates that ECM proteins regulate stem cell differentiation and renewal and are highly relevant to tissue engineering applications. The ECM also provides a supportive medium for blood or lymphatic vessels and for nerves. Thus, the ECM is the nature's ideal biological scaffold material. ECM-based bioscaffolds can be recellularized to create potentially functional constructs as a regenerative medicine strategy for organ replacement or tissue repopulation. This article reviews current strategies for the repair of damaged muscle using bioscaffolds obtained from animal ECM by decellularization of small intestinal submucosa (SIS), urinary bladder mucosa (UB), and skeletal muscle, and proposes some innovative approaches for the application of such strategies in the clinical setting.
authors: UTAPRAD-DIM, ENEA Frascati Rome, Italy ; Fondazione San Raffaele Ceglie Messapica, Italy.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Teodori
authors: Fondazione San Raffaele Ceglie Messapica, Italy ; Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Costa
authors: Fondazione San Raffaele Ceglie Messapica, Italy.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Marzio
authors: UMR 8256 CNRS Biology of Adaptation and Aging, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 Paris, France.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Perniconi
authors: UMR 8256 CNRS Biology of Adaptation and Aging, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 Paris, France ; Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy.
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Coletti
authors: Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Adamo
authors: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi, India.
authors: Bhuvanesh
authors: B
authors: Gupta
authors: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, and Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Attila
authors: A
authors: Tarnok
keywords: biomaterials; decellularization; extracellular matrix; regenerative medicine; scaffold; skeletal muscle; tissue engineering