title: The "Sniffin' Kids" test--a 14-item odor identification test for children.
abstract: Tools for measuring olfactory function in adults have been well established. Although studies have shown that olfactory impairment in children may occur as a consequence of a number of diseases or head trauma, until today no consensus on how to evaluate the sense of smell in children exists in Europe. Aim of the study was to develop a modified "Sniffin' Sticks" odor identification test, the "Sniffin' Kids" test for the use in children. In this study 537 children between 6-17 years of age were included. Fourteen odors, which were identified at a high rate by children, were selected from the "Sniffin' Sticks" 16-item odor identification test. Normative date for the 14-item "Sniffin' Kids" odor identification test was obtained. The test was validated by including a group of congenital anosmic children. Results show that the "Sniffin' Kids" test is able to discriminate between normosmia and anosmia with a cutoff value of >7 points on the odor identification test. In addition the test-retest reliability was investigated in a group of 31 healthy children and shown to be ρ = 0.44. With the 14-item odor identification "Sniffin' Kids" test we present a valid and reliable test for measuring olfactory function in children between ages 6-17 years.
authors: Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Valentin A
authors: VA
authors: Schriever
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Eri
authors: E
authors: Mori
authors: Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Wenke
authors: W
authors: Petters
authors: Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Carolin
authors: C
authors: Boerner
authors: Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Smitka
authors: Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Hummel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results