title: Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates amyloid-β-induced damage in neurons by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and modulating MAPK activation.
abstract: Progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ increases free radical production in neuronal cells, leading to oxidative stress and cell death. An intervention that would reduce Aβ-related neurotoxicity through free radical reduction could advance the treatment of AD. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), the major and most active ingredient in the herb Panax notoginseng, can reduce reactive oxygen species and confer some neuroprotective effects. Here, NR1 was applied in a cell-based model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell viability, cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in cultured PC12 neuronal cells incubated with Aβ(25-35). In this model, Aβ was neurotoxic and induced necrosis and apoptosis; however, NR1 significantly counteracted the effects of Aβ by increasing cell viability, reducing oxidative damage (including apoptosis), restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressing stress-activated MAPK signaling pathways. These results promise a great potential agent for Alzheimer's disease and other Aβ pathology-related neuronal degenerative disease.
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Ma
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Xiangbao
authors: X
authors: Meng
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; Eastern Liaoning University, No. 325 Wenhua Street, Yuanbao District, Dandong Liaoning 118003, PR China.
authors: Xiaoyu
authors: X
authors: Ren
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Qin
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: guibo_sun610@126.com.
authors: Guibo
authors: G
authors: Sun
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: xiaobo_sun610@126.com.
authors: Xiaobo
authors: X
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009336:Necrosis; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D053723:Panax notoginseng / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C072936:notoginsenoside R1
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid-β; Apoptosis; MAPK; Notoginsenoside R1; PC12