title: Predictors of memory performance among Taiwanese postmenopausal women with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no studies describing the nature of memory deficits among women with heart failure (HF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to examine memory performance among Taiwanese women with HF compared with age- and education-matched healthy women, and to evaluate factors that explain memory performance in women with HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six women with HF and 64 healthy women were recruited in Taiwan. Women completed working, verbal, and visual memory tests; HF severity was collected from the medical records. Women with HF performed significantly worse than healthy women on tests of working memory and verbal memory. Among women with HF, older age explained poorer working memory, and older age, higher HF severity, more comorbidities, and systolic HF explained poorer verbal memory. Menopausal symptoms were not associated with memory performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the study validate findings of memory loss in HF patients from the United States and Europe in a culturally different sample of women. Working memory and verbal memory were worse in Taiwanese women with HF compared with healthy participants. Studies are needed to determine mechanisms of memory deficits in these women and develop interventions to improve memory.
authors: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan (R.O.C).
authors: Cheng-Chen
authors: CC
authors: Chou
authors: Division of Acute, Critical, and Long-term Care, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: spressle@med.umich.edu.
authors: Susan J
authors: SJ
authors: Pressler
authors: Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Giordani
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017698:Postmenopause; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Heart failure; memory; menopausal; women