title: Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders.
abstract: Gut microbiota is essential to human health, playing a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. The microbiota undergoes a vigorous process of development throughout the lifespan and establishes its symbiotic rapport with the host early in life. Early life perturbations of the developing gut microbiota can impact neurodevelopment and potentially lead to adverse mental health outcomes later in life. This review compares the parallel early development of the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system. The concept of parallel and interacting microbial-neural critical windows opens new avenues for developing novel microbiota-modulating based therapeutic interventions in early life to combat neurodevelopmental deficits and brain disorders.
authors: Laboratory of NeuroGastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Yuliya E
authors: YE
authors: Borre
authors: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Gerard W
authors: GW
authors: O'Keeffe
authors: Laboratory of NeuroGastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Clarke
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Stanton
authors: Laboratory of NeuroGastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors: Timothy G
authors: TG
authors: Dinan
authors: Laboratory of NeuroGastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: j.cryan@ucc.ie.
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Cryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D011247:Pregnancy; D013559:Symbiosis
keywords: autism; brain disorders; brain–gut axis; microbiome; neurogastroenterology; stress