title: Informing policy to protect coastal coral reefs: insight from a global review of reducing agricultural pollution to coastal ecosystems.
abstract: The continuing degradation of coral reefs has serious consequences for the provision of ecosystem goods and services to local and regional communities. While climate change is considered the most serious risk to coral reefs, agricultural pollution threatens approximately 25% of the total global reef area with further increases in sediment and nutrient fluxes projected over the next 50 years. Here, we aim to inform coral reef management using insights learned from management examples that were successful in reducing agricultural pollution to coastal ecosystems. We identify multiple examples reporting reduced fluxes of sediment and nutrients at end-of-river, and associated declines in nutrient concentrations and algal biomass in receiving coastal waters. Based on the insights obtained, we recommend that future protection of coral reef ecosystems demands policy focused on desired ecosystem outcomes, targeted regulatory approaches, up-scaling of watershed management, and long-term maintenance of scientifically robust monitoring programs linked with adaptive management.
authors: CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. Electronic address: F.Kroon@aims.gov.au.
authors: Frederieke J
authors: FJ
authors: Kroon
authors: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. Electronic address: B.Schaffelke@aims.gov.au.
authors: Britta
authors: B
authors: Schaffelke
authors: CSIRO Land and Water, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia. Electronic address: rebecca.bartley@csiro.au.
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Bartley
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D018533:Biomass; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D057894:Coral Reefs; D017753:Ecosystem; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005843:Geography; D011640:Public Policy; D012624:Seaweed / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Freshwater; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sediment; Water quality