title: Effects of CEES and LPS synergistically stimulate oxidative stress inactivates OGG1 signaling in macrophage cells.
abstract: 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (CEES), a monofunctional analogue of sulfur mustard, is a strong vesicant and an alkylating chemical warfare agent. We studied the molecular mechanism of oxidative stress triggered signaling cascades in murine macrophages exposed to CEES with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exposure of CEES with specific dose of LPS stimulates oxidative stress caused increasing level of intracellular ROS and RNS, decreased antioxidant enzymes, increasing bimolecular damage, reduced cell viability, and cell cycle arrest. Synergistic exposure of CEES and LPS provoked significant increase in phosphorylation of MAPKs, Akt, tuberin, that down regulate OGG1 expression and 8-OHdG accumulations. Treatment with Akt and ERK1/2 inhibitors, the cells with constitutively active inhibiting activity of Akt and ERK1/2MAPK significant reduce CEES and LPS challenge tuberin but not the OGG1. In addition, the N-acetylcysteine inhibited ROS/RNS generation, elevation of antioxidants level, expression of ERK1/2, Akt, tuberin phosphorylation, resulted in deceased 8-OHdG accumulation and upregulation of OGG1 protein expression suggesting no involvement of Akt and ERK1/2MAPK pathways after CEES and LPS challenge. Collectively, our results indicate that exposure of CEES and LPS induces oxidative stress and the activation of tuberin, and 8-OHdG accumulation via upstream signaling pathways including Akt and ERK1/2MAPK pathway in macrophages but not the down regulation of OGG1.
authors: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus 11, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors: Satish
authors: S
authors: Sagar
authors: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus 11, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors: Premranjan
authors: P
authors: Kumar
authors: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus 11, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors: Reena Rani
authors: RR
authors: Behera
authors: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus 11, Bhubaneswar 751024, India. Electronic address: arttatrana@yahoo.com.
authors: Arttatrana
authors: A
authors: Pal
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C031278:2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C485990:Ogg1 protein, mouse; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D009151:Mustard Gas
keywords: 8-OHdG; CEES; LPS; OGG1; Oxidative stress; Signaling