title: Characterization of glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus populations.
abstract: The evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds has recently increased dramatically. Six suspected glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus populations were studied to confirm resistance and determine the resistance mechanism. Resistance was confirmed in greenhouse for all six populations with glyphosate resistance factors (R/S) between 5.2 and 7.5. No difference in glyphosate absorption or translocation was observed between resistant and susceptible individuals. No mutation at amino acid positions G101, T102, or P106 was detected in the EPSPS gene coding sequence, the target enzyme of glyphosate. Analysis of EPSPS gene copy number revealed that all glyphosate-resistant populations possessed increased EPSPS gene copy number, and this correlated with increased expression at both RNA and protein levels. EPSPS Vmax and Kcat values were more than doubled in resistant plants, indicating higher levels of catalytically active expressed EPSPS protein. EPSPS gene amplification is the main mechanism contributing to glyphosate resistance in the A. tuberculatus populations analyzed.
authors: Bayer CropScience, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H872, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Lothar
authors: L
authors: Lorentz
authors: Todd A
authors: TA
authors: Gaines
authors: Scott J
authors: SJ
authors: Nissen
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Westra
authors: Harry J
authors: HJ
authors: Strek
authors: Heinz W
authors: HW
authors: Dehne
authors: Juan Pedro
authors: JP
authors: Ruiz-Santaella
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Beffa
mesh_terms: D051229:3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D065567:Absorption, Physiological; D027721:Amaranthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018628:Gene Dosage; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007087:Illinois; D008923:Missouri; D009154:Mutation; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057685:Plant Weeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D051229:3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D000097797:Glyphosate