title: Association between the intake of α-linolenic acid and the risk of CHD.
abstract: The intake of the mainly plant-derived n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of CHD. However, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the association between the intake of ALA and the risk of CHD. Potential effect modification by the intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) was also investigated. Data from eight American and European prospective cohort studies including 148 675 women and 80 368 men were used. The outcome measure was incident CHD (CHD event and death). During 4-10 years of follow-up, 4493 CHD events and 1751 CHD deaths occurred. Among men, an inverse association (not significant) between the intake of ALA and the risk of CHD events and deaths was observed. For each additional gram of ALA consumed, a 15 % lower risk of CHD events (hazard ratios (HR) 0·85, 95 % CI 0·72, 1·01) and a 23 % lower risk of CHD deaths (HR 0·77, 95 % CI 0·58, 1·01) were observed. No consistent association was observed among women. No effect modification by the intake of n-3 LCPUFA was observed.
authors: Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Institute of Preventive Medicine,Copenhagen Municipal Hospitals Region H,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors: Mia Sadowa
authors: MS
authors: Vedtofte
authors: Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark.
authors: Marianne U
authors: MU
authors: Jakobsen
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen,Frederiksberg,Denmark.
authors: Lotte
authors: L
authors: Lauritzen
authors: Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,Boston,MA,USA.
authors: Eilis J
authors: EJ
authors: O'Reilly
authors: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare,Helsinki,Finland.
authors: Jarmo
authors: J
authors: Virtamo
authors: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare,Helsinki,Finland.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Knekt
authors: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
authors: Graham
authors: G
authors: Colditz
authors: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University,Umeå,Sweden.
authors: Göran
authors: G
authors: Hallmans
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Boston,MA,USA.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Buring
authors: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
authors: Lyn M
authors: LM
authors: Steffen
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University,Washington,DC,USA.
authors: Kimberly
authors: K
authors: Robien
authors: Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,Boston,MA,USA.
authors: Eric B
authors: EB
authors: Rimm
authors: Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Institute of Preventive Medicine,Copenhagen Municipal Hospitals Region H,Copenhagen,Denmark.
authors: Berit L
authors: BL
authors: Heitmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid