title: Effects of intralipid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase activity in acute chlorpyriphos intoxication.
abstract: Chlorpyriphos is one of the most widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticide in agriculture with potential toxicity. Current post-exposure treatments consist of anti-cholinergic drugs and oxime compounds. We studied the effects of intralipid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on chlorpyriphos toxicity to compose an alternative or supportive treatment for OP poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Chlorpyriphos was administered for toxicity. Intralipid (IL) and CAPE administered immediately after chlorpyriphos. Serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant response (TAR), and histologic examination of cerebellum and brain tissue with Hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical dyes were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum enzym levels showed that chlorpyriphos and CAPE inhibited AChE while IL alone had no effect, chlorpyriphos and CAPE intensifies the inhibition effect. Significant difference at AChE levels between the chlorpyriphos+IL and chlorpyriphos+CAPE verified that IL has a protective effect on AChE inhibition. TAR levels were significantly increased in all groups except chlorpyriphos group, TOS levels revealed that CAPE and IL decrease the amount of oxidative stress. Histologic examination revealed that neuronal degeneration was slightly decreased at chlorpyriphos+IL group, but CAPE had a significant effect on protection of neuronal degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study gave us three key points. 1) AChE activity is important for diagnosis of OP intoxication but it has no value for determining the neuro-degeneration. 2) CAPE inhibits AChE activity and may increase the muscarinic-nicotinic hyperactivation. Therefore it should not be used for treatment of OP intoxication. 3) IL decreases the severity of neurodegeneration and symptoms of OP intoxication and it can be used as a supportive agent.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Dumlupinar University Kütahya, Turkey.
authors: Umit
authors: U
authors: Ozkan
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Dumlupinar University Kütahya, Turkey.
authors: Arif
authors: A
authors: Osun
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Kagan
authors: K
authors: Basarslan
authors: Department of Pathology, Göztepe Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Medeniyet University İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Serkan
authors: S
authors: Senol
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Dicle University Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Kaplan
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University Hatay, Turkey.
authors: Harun
authors: H
authors: Alp
keywords: CAPE; Chlorpyriphos; acetylcholinesterase; intralipid; neurotoxicity