title: Heat shock protein 90 positively regulates Chikungunya virus replication by stabilizing viral non-structural protein nsP2 during infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high morbidity and socio-economic loss associated with the recent massive global outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emphasize the need to understand the biology of the virus for developing effective antiviral therapies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, an attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanism involved in Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) mediated regulation of CHIKV infection in mammalian cells using CHIKV prototype strain (S 27) and Indian outbreak strain of 2006 (DRDE-06). Our results showed that Hsp90 is required at a very early stage of viral replication and Hsp90 inhibitor Geldanamycin (GA) can abrogate new virus particle formation more effectively in the case of S 27 than that of DRDE-06. Further analysis revealed that CHIKV nsP2 protein level is specifically reduced by GA treatment as well as HSP90-siRNA transfection; however, viral RNA remains unaltered. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that nsP2 interacts with Hsp90 during infection; however this interaction is reduced in the presence of GA. In addition, our analysis on Hsp90 associated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway demonstrated that CHIKV infection stabilizes Raf1 and activates Hsp90 client protein Akt, which in turn phosphorylates mTOR. Subsequently, this phosphorylation leads to the activation of two important downstream effectors, S6K and 4EBP1, which may facilitate translation of viral as well as cellular mRNAs. Hence, the data suggests that CHIKV infection is regulated by Hsp90 associated Akt phosphorylation and DRDE-06 is more efficient than S 27 in enhancing the activation of host signaling molecules for its efficient replication and virus production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hsp90 positively regulates Chikungunya virus replication by stabilizing CHIKV-nsP2 through its interaction during infection. The study highlights the possible molecular mechanism of GA mediated inhibition of CHIKV replication and differential effect of this drug on S 27 and DRDE-06, which will be informative for developing effective anti-CHIKV therapies in future.
authors: Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Indrani
authors: I
authors: Das
authors: Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Itishree
authors: I
authors: Basantray
authors: Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Prabhudutta
authors: P
authors: Mamidi
authors: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Tapas K
authors: TK
authors: Nayak
authors: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Pratheek
authors: P
authors: B M
authors: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Subhasis
authors: S
authors: Chattopadhyay
authors: Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors: Soma
authors: S
authors: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000502:physiology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D055550:Protein Stability; D014709:Vero Cells; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D057074:Virus Release / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C001277:geldanamycin