title: Equine arteritis virus does not induce interferon production in equine endothelial cells: identification of nonstructural protein 1 as a main interferon antagonist.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of equine arteritis virus (EAV) on type I interferon (IFN) production. Equine endothelial cells (EECs) were infected with the virulent Bucyrus strain (VBS) of EAV and expression of IFN-β was measured at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and IFN bioassay using vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the green fluorescence protein (VSV-GFP), respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that IFN-β mRNA levels in EECs infected with EAV VBS were not increased compared to those in mock-infected cells. Consistent with quantitative RT-PCR, Sendai virus- (SeV-) induced type I IFN production was inhibited by EAV infection. Using an IFN-β promoter-luciferase reporter assay, we subsequently demonstrated that EAV nsps 1, 2, and 11 had the capability to inhibit type I IFN activation. Of these three nsps, nsp1 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EAV has the ability to suppress the type I IFN production in EECs and nsp1 may play a critical role to subvert the equine innate immune response.
authors: Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA ; Virus Research and Testing Group, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yun Young
authors: YY
authors: Go
authors: Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors: Yanhua
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors: Zhenhai
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
authors: Mingyuan
authors: M
authors: Han
authors: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
authors: Dongwan
authors: D
authors: Yoo
authors: Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Fang
authors: Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
authors: Udeni B R
authors: UB
authors: Balasuriya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018174:Arterivirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000662:veterinary*; D006224:Cricetinae; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D007240:Equartevirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta