title: Identification and characterization of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF59_01B) identified among men-who-have-sex-with-men in China.
abstract: The HIV-1 epidemic among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) continues to expand in China. A large-scale national survey we conducted on HIV-1 strains among MSM in 11 provinces in China from 2008 to 2013 (n = 920) identified a novel transmission cluster consisting of six strains (0.7%) that belonged to a new circulating recombinant form (designated CRF59_01B). CRF59_01B contains two subtype B segments of U.S.-European origin (in the pol and vpu-env regions) in a CRF01_AE backbone. CRF59_01B is the second CRF (after CRF55_01B) circulating primarily among MSM in China. CRF59_01B occurs at a low frequency (less than 1%), but it was detected in four different provinces/regions in China: Liaoning (northeast China) (n = 3); Hunan (central China) (n = 1); Guangdong (south China) (n = 1); Yunnan (southwest China) (n = 1). One additional recombinant strain was detected in a heterosexual individual in Liaoning province but is not the focus of this paper. Bayesian molecular clock analyses indicate that CRF59_01B emerged as a result of recombination between CRF01_AE and subtype B around the year 2001. The emergence of multiple forms of recombinants and CRFs reflects the ever-increasing contribution of homosexual transmission in China's HIV epidemic and indicates an active HIV transmission network among MSM in China.
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Weiqing
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Xiaoxu
authors: X
authors: Han
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Minghui
authors: M
authors: An
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhao
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Qinghai
authors: Q
authors: Hu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Zhenxing
authors: Z
authors: Chu
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Jiancheng
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Infectious Disease Department, Guangzhou No. 8 Renmin Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Weiping
authors: W
authors: Cai
authors: AIDS/STIs Prevention and Control Department, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Sexually transmitted Disease and AIDS Department, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.
authors: Jihua
authors: J
authors: Fu
authors: Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Sexually transmitted Disease and AIDS Department, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Lu
authors: Sexually transmitted Disease and AIDS Department, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
authors: Minghua
authors: M
authors: Zhuang
authors: Infectious Diseases Department, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS Prevention and Control Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
authors: Hongjing
authors: H
authors: Yan
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Liao
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Takebe
authors: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Shang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011995:Recombination, Genetic