title: Serum cytokine profile in patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a deadly disease because of late diagnosis and chemoresistance. We aimed to find a panel of serum cytokines representing diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cytokine antibody array was performed to simultaneously identify 507 cytokines in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to pairwise compare the controls, the pretreated patients, and the posttreated patients. Fold changes greater than or equal to 1.5 or less than or equal to 1/1.5 were considered significant. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the performance of the model. A leave-one-out cross-validation was used for estimating prediction error.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the sera of pretreated patients against the control samples, the cytokines fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10/keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 interferon inducible T cell alpha chemokine (I-TAC)/chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 11 (CXCL11), oncostatin M (OSM), osteoactivin/glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, and stem cell factor (SCF) were found significantly overexpressed. Besides, the cytokines CD30 ligand/tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 8 (TNFSF8), chordin-like 2, FGF-10/KGF-2, growth/differentiation factor 15, I-TAC/CXCL11, OSM, and SCF were differentially expressed in response to treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose a role for FGF-10/KGF-2, I-TAC/CXCL11, OSM, osteoactivin/glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, and SCF as novel diagnostic biomarkers. CD30 ligand/TNFSF8, chordin-like 2, FGF-10/KGF-2, growth/differentiation factor 15, I-TAC/CXCL11, OSM, and SCF might represent as predictive biomarkers for gemcitabine and erlotinib response of patients with pancreatic cancer.
authors: From the *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; †Department of Molecular Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada; ‡Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen; §Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada; ∥Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital; and ¶Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Torres
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Perales
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Alejandre
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Iglesias
authors: Rogelio J
authors: RJ
authors: Palomino
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Martin
authors: Octavio
authors: O
authors: Caba
authors: José C
authors: JC
authors: Prados
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Aránega
authors: Juan R
authors: JR
authors: Delgado
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Irigoyen
authors: Francisco M
authors: FM
authors: Ortuño
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Rojas
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Linares
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011799:Quinazolines; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D000093542:Gemcitabine