title: Exposure to air pollutants and mortality in hypertensive patients according to demography: a 10 year case-crossover study.
abstract: This study evaluated whether short term exposures to NO2, O3, particulate matter <10 mm in diameter (PM10) were associated with higher risk of mortality. A total of 223,287 hypertensive patients attended public health-care services and newly prescribed at least 1 antihypertensive agent were followed-up for up to 5 years. A time-stratified, bi-directional case-crossover design was adopted. For all-cause mortality, significant positive associations were observed for NO2 and PM10 at lag 0-3 days per 10 μg/m(3) increase in concentration (excess risks 1.187%-2.501%). Significant positive associations were found for O3 at lag 1 and 2 days and the excess risks were 1.654% and 1.207%, respectively. We found similarly positive associations between these pollutants and respiratory disease mortality. These results were significant among those aged ≥65 years and in cold seasons only. Older hypertensive patients are susceptible to all-cause and respiratory disease-specific deaths from these air pollutants in cold weather.
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors: Martin C S
authors: MC
authors: Wong
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Wilson W S
authors: WW
authors: Tam
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Harry H X
authors: HH
authors: Wang
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: X Q
authors: XQ
authors: Lao
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Daisy Dexing
authors: DD
authors: Zhang
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Sky W M
authors: SW
authors: Chan
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Mandy W M
authors: MW
authors: Kwan
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Carmen K M
authors: CK
authors: Fan
authors: Hospital Authority Information Technology Division - Health Informatics Section, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Clement S K
authors: CS
authors: Cheung
authors: Hospital Authority Information Technology Division - Health Informatics Section, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Ellen L H
authors: EL
authors: Tong
authors: Hospital Authority Information Technology Division - Health Informatics Section, Hong Kong, China.
authors: N T
authors: NT
authors: Cheung
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Tse
authors: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Ignatius T S
authors: IT
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Air pollutants; Case-crossover; Hypertension; Mortality; Particulate matter