title: Comparative evaluation of torasemide and furosemide on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: Nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus in human and experimental animals. There are various pathological renal remodeling processes leading to diabetic nephropathy because of the chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes mellitus. Various reports suggest the involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis during this progression. As antihypertensive drugs are reported to provide renoprotection in various animal models and clinical studies, we have carried out this study to identify the effect of torasemide, a loop diuretic, against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy and compare with furosemide. Here we have performed the measurement of blood and urine parameters and renal protein expression levels for measuring the disease severity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated torasemide or furosemide and compared with the vehicle treated rats. Furosemide treatment significantly increased the urinary protein excretion when compared with the normal rats. Torasemide treatment has reduced the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor and oxidative stress marker p67phox levels with improved mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1 in the kidneys. In addition, torasemide treated diabetic rats showed significantly reduced expression of renal fibrosis related proteins when compared with the vehicle treated diabetic rats. Although furosemide treatment has produced improvement, its effects are comparably less than that of torasemide. Thus with the present results, we can suggest that torasemide treatment can improve the diabetic kidney disease in this rat model and which is superior to furosemide against renal fibrotic remodeling.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Somasundaram
authors: S
authors: Arumugam
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Remya
authors: R
authors: Sreedhar
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Shizuka
authors: S
authors: Miyashita
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Vengadeshprabhu
authors: V
authors: Karuppagounder
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors: Rajarajan A
authors: RA
authors: Thandavarayan
authors: J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Natarajapuram, Komarapalayam, 638183 Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors: Vijayasree V
authors: VV
authors: Giridharan
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Vigneshwaran
authors: V
authors: Pitchaimani
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Rejina
authors: R
authors: Afrin
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan.
authors: Meilei
authors: M
authors: Harima
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Suzuki
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603, Japan. Electronic address: watanabe@nupals.ac.jp.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077786:Torsemide
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004232:Diuretics; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013311:Streptozocin; D005665:Furosemide; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C583073:NCF2 protein, rat; D000077786:Torsemide
keywords: Diabetic nephropathy; Fibrosis; Furosemide; Inflammation; Loop diuretic; Torasemide