title: [Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and the Bethe-Weizsäcker cycle].
abstract: The Carbon- or Bethe-Weizsäcker Cycle plays an important role in astrophysics as one of the most important energy sources for a quiescent and explosive hydrogen burning in stars. This paper presents the historical background and the contributions by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Hans Bethe who provided the first predictions of the cycle. Furthermore, it discussed the experimental verification of the predicted process in the following decades. Also discussed is the extension of the initial Carbon cycle to the CNO multi-cycles and the hot CNO cycles which followed from the detailed experimental studies of the associated nuclear reactions. Finally discussed is the impact of the experimental and theoretical results on our present understanding of hydrogen burning in different stellar environments and on our understanding of the chemical evolution of our universe.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Wiescher
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes / Q000266:history*; D055580:Astronomical Phenomena; D057486:Carbon Cycle; D005858:Germany; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D010811:Natural Science Disciplines / Q000266:history*; D010684:Philosophy / Q000266:history*; D010825:Physics / Q000266:history*; D011057:Politics; D012106:Research / Q000266:history*; D016082:Solar System