title: Reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness by a novel curcumin delivery system (Meriva®): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) due to eccentric muscle activity is associated with inflammatory responses and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that sustain both inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin, a powerful promoter of anti-oxidant response, is one of the best-investigated natural products, and is now commercially available as a lecithin delivery system (Meriva®, Indena SpA, Milan) with improved bio-availability. The aim of this study was to test whether curcumin could attenuate damage from oxidative stress and inflammation related to acute muscle injury induced by eccentric continuous exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind pilot trial. Twenty male healthy, moderately active volunteers were randomised to curcumin given as the Phytosome® delivery system 1 g twice daily (200 mg curcumin b.i.d.) or matching placebo. Supplementation was initiated 48 hours prior to a downhill running test and was continued for 24 hours after the test (4 days in total). Muscle damage was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory tests and histological analyses on muscle samples obtained 48 hours after the test. Patient-reported pain intensity was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects in the curcumin group reported less pain in the lower limb as compared with subjects in the placebo group, although significant differences were observed only for the right and left anterior thighs. Significantly fewer subjects in the curcumin group had MRI evidence of muscle injury in the posterior or medial compartment of both thighs. Increases in markers of muscle damage and inflammation tended to be lower in the curcumin group, but significant differences were only observed for interleukin-8 at 2 h after exercise. No differences in markers of oxidative stress and muscle histology were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curcumin has the potential for preventing DOMS, as suggested by its effects on pain intensity and muscle injury. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and further clarify the mechanism of action of curcumin.
authors: Olympic Training Centre (CAR), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Franchek
authors: F
authors: Drobnic
authors: Olympic Training Centre (CAR), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Riera
authors: Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Appendino
authors: Indena s.p.a., Milano, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Togni
authors: Indena s.p.a., Milano, Italy.
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Franceschi
authors: University of Barcelona, School of Sports Medicine, Medical Services, FCBarcelona, Spain.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Valle
authors: Department Biologia Fonamental i de la Salut, University of Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain.
authors: Antoni
authors: A
authors: Pons
authors: Department Biologia Fonamental i de la Salut, University of Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain.
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Tur
keywords: Curcumin; DOMS; Meriva®; Sport nutrition