title: The expression of a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 and its possible significance in childhood asthma.
abstract: Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine and has been shown to play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, the effect of IL-35 on human asthma remains unclear. The present study is to investigate the expression and significance of IL-35 in childhood asthma. Forty-one asthmatic children and forty-two healthy controls were recruited in Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University. Serum total immunoglobulin E level was measured by radioimmunosorbent test. Peripheral blood eosinophils were counted using BC-5800 Automatic Blood Cell Analyzer. IL-35 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum IL-35, IL-4 and interferon-γ levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations among the above indexes were also analyzed using Pearson's method. Our results showed that serum total IgE, eosinophil count and serum IL-4 were significantly increased in asthmatic children compared with control children, and serum IFN-γ level in asthmatic patients was obviously lower than that in healthy controls. We also found that there was an obviously positive correlation between serum IgE and IL-4 levels in asthmatic patients. In addition, significantly negative correlation was found between serum total IgE and IFN-γ levels. More importantly, we found that the expression of IL-35 mRNA and protein was both down-regulated in asthmatic children, and serum IL-35 level was inversely related to serum IL-4 level. Moreover, significantly positive correlation was also found between serum IL-35 and IFN-γ levels. The results suggest that the decreased expression of IL-35 could be involved in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Pediatric Medical Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Xingli
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Zengtao
authors: Z
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Xiaoyan
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Shen
authors: S
authors: Dai
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Gao
authors: Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Changqin
authors: C
authors: Ji
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Chun
authors: C
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
authors: Lining
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address: wxy990809@163.com.
authors: Xiaoyan
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001491:Basophils; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004804:Eosinophils; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C532417:interleukin-35, human; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Childhood asthma; Eosinophil; IFN-γ; IL-35; IL-4; IgE