title: The influence of enterosorption on some haematological and biochemical indices of the normal rats after single injection of melphalan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most prominent side effects of intensive cancer chemotherapy is bone marrow suppression which is an independent negative prognostic factor for the time to tumor progression. The aim of the study was to evaluate the myeloprotective possibilities of carbon enterosorbents in the case of usage of alkilating drug melphalan (L-PAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  L-PAM was injected intravenously to healthy inbred rats to cause the myelosuppression. 3 days before and 7 days after this, suspension of two types of carbon granulated enterosorbents were administered per os one time per day. On 8(th) day after L-PAM injection, the rats were weighted and blood and liver tissue were taken under Ketamine general anesthesia for biochemical examination. Peripheral blood smears were made also.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Melphalan at a dose of 3 mg/kg causes expressed myelotoxic reaction: leucopenia, decreasing of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets counts. Even on 8(th) day after single injection of this cytostatic we can detect expressed signs of oxidative stress like increasing of hydroperoxides, TBA-reactive substances, and decreasing of activity and level of main endogenic antioxidants - superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and reduced glutathione. L-PAM causes also the violation of kidney function such as increase of urea and creatinine level; and rising of endogenic intoxication with elevation of middle mass molecules level. In a dose of 3 mg/kg melphalan has no negative influence on liver function on 8(th) day of experiment. Enterosorption with carbon enterosorbents C1 (bulk density γ = 0.28 g/cm(3), granules diameter 0.15-0.25 mm, BET pore surface 1719 m(2)/g, therapeutic dosage 1400 mg/kg) and C2 (bulk density γ = 0.18 g/cm(3), granules diameter 0.15-0.25 mm, BET pore surface 2162 m(2)/g, therapeutic dosage 900 mg/kg) diminishes and mitigates negative side effects caused by single intravenous injection of melphalan. Carbon enterosorbent C2 have rather more expressed positive effect than C1 for practically all indices. The most important curative effect due to C2 administration is prominent myeloprotection of bone marrow of experimental animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon enterosorbent C2 is promising and perspective sorbent for prophylaxis and treatment of side effects of cytostatic chemotherapy including myelotoxicity, mucositis, kidney injuries, gonadotoxicity, etc.
authors: I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine.
authors: O O
authors: OO
authors: Shevchuk
authors: I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine.
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Posokhova
authors: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Sidorenko
authors: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
authors: K I
authors: KI
authors: Bardakhivskaya
authors: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Maslenny
authors: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Yushko
authors: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
authors: V F
authors: VF
authors: Chekhun
authors: R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.
authors: V G
authors: VG
authors: Nikolaev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016061:Enterosorption; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices / Q000187:drug effects; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002244:Carbon; D008558:Melphalan