title: Delayed and prolonged local brain hypothermia combined with decompressive craniectomy: a novel therapeutic strategy that modulates glial dynamics.
abstract: Hypothermia is considered a useful intervention for limiting pathophysiological changes after brain injury. Local hypothermia is a relatively safe and convenient intervention that circumvents many of the complications associated with systemic hypothermia. However, successful hypothermia treatment requires careful consideration of several factors including its practicality, feasibility, and associated risks. Here, we review the protective effects-and the cellular mechanisms that underlie them-of delayed and prolonged local hypothermia in rodent and canine brain injury models. The data show that the protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia, which mainly result from the modulation of inflammatory glial dynamics, are limited. We argue that decompressive craniectomy can be used to overcome the limitations of local brain hypothermia without causing histological abnormalities or other detrimental effects to the cooled area. Therefore, delayed and prolonged local brain hypothermia at the site of craniectomy is a promising intervention that may prove effective in the clinical setting.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Korea.
authors: Jong-Heon
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors: Sung-Ho
authors: SH
authors: Yun
authors: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors: Kwang-Ho
authors: KH
authors: Jang
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Korea.
authors: Jaechan
authors: J
authors: Park
authors: Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Korea.
authors: Hyung Soo
authors: HS
authors: Han
authors: Kyungwon Medical Co., Ltd., Seoul 135-080, Korea.
authors: Dongick
authors: D
authors: Rhee
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-422, Korea.
authors: Kyoungho
authors: K
authors: Suk
keywords: astrocyte; hypothermia; microglia; neuroinflammation; stroke; traumatic brain injury