title: Exosome/staphylococcal enterotoxin B, an anti tumor compound against pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exosomes (EXOs) are acellular vehicles used for cancer immunotherapy due to their immune-inducing properties. We synthesized a novel structure based on EXOs and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and surveyed its cytostatic effect on a pancreatic cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  EXOs were purified from tumor cells and SEB was anchored on it by protein transfer method. To determine the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effect of this structure, treated cells with different concentrations of EXO/SEB were examined by MTT assay and Hoechst staining method. In addition, the expression rate of bcl-2, bax, bak, fas, bcl-xl and the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that 0.5 and 2.5 μg/100μl of EXO/ SEB significantly (p<0.001) stimulated apoptosis after 24 hrs. The concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5μg/100μl of EXO/SEB raised the expression rate of bax, bak, fas (p<0.001) but had no impact on bcl-2 and bcl-xl after 48 hrs. Furthermore, it was shown that 0.5, 2.5 and 5 μg/100μl of EXO/SEB only increased the activity of caspase-3 after 48 hrs (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our designed structure, the EXO/SEB, is a novel model being able to induce apoptosis.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Hamideh
authors: H
authors: Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Ali Imani Fooladi
authors: Jafar
authors: J
authors: Soleimanirad
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Reza Nourani
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Mahdavi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055354:Exosomes; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004768:Enterotoxins; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9