title: Functional electrical stimulation as a component of activity-based restorative therapy may preserve function in persons with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on disability progression in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort, 40 participants with mean follow-up of 15 months. Setting International Center for Spinal Cord Injury at Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, a rehabilitation referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive persons with MS undergoing rehabilitation from 2007 to 2011, with at least two evaluations based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Interventions FES cycling as part of activity-based restorative therapy interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and ISNCSCI motor, light touch, and pin prick scores from baseline to latest evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 71% of patients, activity-based rehabilitation included FES cycling. There was no disability progression on the EDSS. Lower extremity motor scores improved or stabilized in 75% of patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS), 71.4% with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 54.5% with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). Among patients with improved or stabilized lower extremity motor function, PPMS recorded a mean 9% improvement, SPMS 3% and RRMS 6%. In PPMS, use of FES showed trend towards improvement in motor scores (P = 0.070).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FES as part of activity-based rehabilitation may help preserve or improve neurological function in patients with MS.
authors: Edward R
authors: ER
authors: Hammond
authors: Albert C
authors: AC
authors: Recio
authors: Cristina L
authors: CL
authors: Sadowsky
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Activity-based restorative therapy; Disability; Functional electrical stimulation; Multiple sclerosis