title: Awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among female residents of Pokhara valley, Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent cancer among women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among the women of Pokhara valley, Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a community setting with the female population. The questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nepalese women demonstrated poor awareness of warning signs like a breast lump, lump under the armpit, bleeding or discharge from the nipple, pulling of the nipple, changes in the position of the nipple, nipple rash, redness of the breast skin, changes in the size of the breast or nipple, changes in the shape of the breast or nipple, pain in the breast or armpit, and dimpling of the breast skin. While 100% of nurses were aware about breast self- examination (BSE), mammography and warning signs of breast cancer. Levels of knowledge were significantly poorer in women with other occupations. Graduates were more aware about BSE, mammogram and warning signs of breast cancer compared to those with other educational levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicated that the level of awareness of breast cancer, including knowledge of warning signs and BSE, is sub-optimal among Nepalese women.
authors: Community Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal E-mail : drsathian@gmail.com.
authors: Brijesh
authors: B
authors: Sathian
authors: Sharath Burugina
authors: SB
authors: Nagaraja
authors: Indrajit
authors: I
authors: Banerjee
authors: Jayadevan
authors: J
authors: Sreedharan
authors: Asis
authors: A
authors: De
authors: Bedanta
authors: B
authors: Roy
authors: Elayedath
authors: E
authors: Rajesh
authors: Subramanian
authors: S
authors: Senthilkumaran
authors: Syed Ather
authors: SA
authors: Hussain
authors: Ritesh George
authors: RG
authors: Menezes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016504:Breast Self-Examination / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014930:Women; D055815:Young Adult