title: Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate quantitatively the association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome by combining the relevant published articles using meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the relevant literature in PubMed and EMBASE published up until August 2013 and obtained additional information through Google or a hand search of the references in relevant articles. A random-effects or fixed-effects model, as appropriate, was used to pool the effect sizes on metabolic syndrome comparing individuals with the highest dietary magnesium intake with those having the lowest intake. The dose-response relationship was assessed for every 100-mg/day increment in magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six cross-sectional studies, including a total of 24 473 individuals and 6311 cases of metabolic syndrome, were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A weighted inverse association was found between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.59, 0.81) comparing the highest with the lowest group. For every 100-mg/day increment in magnesium intake, the overall risk of having metabolic syndrome was lowered by 17% (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0. 77, 0.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from the present meta-analysis suggest that dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Further studies, in particular well-designed longitudinal cohort studies and randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, are warranted to provide solid evidence and to establish causal inference.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health--Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
authors: D T
authors: DT
authors: Dibaba
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Xun
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Fly
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Yokota
authors: K
authors: K
authors: He
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium