title: Sulforaphane induces autophagy through ERK activation in neuronal cells.
abstract: Sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been reported to induce autophagy in several cells. However, little is known about its signaling mechanism of autophagic induction. Here, we provide evidence that SFN induces autophagy with increased levels of LC3-II through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in neuronal cells. Pretreatment with NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), a well-known antioxidant, completely blocked the SFN-induced increase in LC3-II levels and activation of ERK. Knockdown or overexpression of Nrf2 did not affect autophagy. Together, the results suggest that SFN-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces autophagy via ERK activation, independent of Nrf2 activity in neuronal cells.
authors: Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chulman67@gmail.com.
authors: Chulman
authors: C
authors: Jo
authors: Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sunhyo
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sun-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Cho
authors: Division of Respiratory Viruses, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ki Ju
authors: KJ
authors: Choi
authors: Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Moon
authors: SM
authors: Yun
authors: Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young Ho
authors: YH
authors: Koh
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, USA.
authors: Gail V W
authors: GV
authors: Johnson
authors: Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parksi61@hotmail.com.
authors: Sang Ick
authors: SI
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D017879:Isothiocyanates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013454:Sulfoxides; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C016766:sulforaphane
keywords: Autophagy; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; Reactive oxygen species; Sulforaphane