title: Reverse transcriptase inhibitors drug resistance mutations in drug-naive HIV type 1 positive Kenyans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the extent of HIV-1 drug resistance among drug naive Kenyan individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kenya Medical Research Institute HIV laboratory Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of seventy eight HIV-1 positive drug naive subjects randomised from five Kenyan provincial hospitals between April and June 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A major non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) an associated mutation was found in one patient (1.3%). NNRTI associated resistance mutations were present at amino acid codon sites G98A (2.56%); K103E (1.3%) and L100F (3.57%) prevalences. Baseline resistance may compromise the response to standard NNRTI-based first-line ART in 1.3 % of the study subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This indicates in general, that drug resistance among HIV-1 positive drug naive individual is at low thresholds (1.3%) but the problem could be more serious than reported here. Continuous resistance monitoring is therefore warranted to maintain individual and population-level ART effectiveness.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Nyamache
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Waihenya
authors: Z W
authors: ZW
authors: Ng'ang'a
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Muigai
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Khamadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003062:Codon; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase