title: Pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Combretum albidum G. Don.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combretum albidum Don belonging to family Combretaceae is an unexplored medicinal plant in the Indian medicinal system. According to ethnobotanical information, the leaves are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and its fruits are used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Stem bark is used in the treatment of jaundice and skin diseases. The problem encountered in standardisation of this medicinal plant is its identification by source.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacognostical studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, florescence and phytochemical analysis. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, moisture content and extractive values are determined by World Health Organization guidelines. The microscopic features of leaf components are observed with Nikon lab photo device with microscopic units.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, obovate in shape, acuminate apex, entire margin and smooth surface. Microscopically, the leaves showed a large vascular strand that consists of thick walled xylem elements mixed with xylem fibres and phloem which is present in a thin layer along inner and outer portions of xylem. External to the xylem occur a thin line of sclerenchyma. Powder microscopy revealed glandular trichomes in the adaxial epidermal peelings also shows the non-glandular trichomes fairly common in powder and epidermis with anisocytic stomata. Vessels elements are narrow, long, cylindrical and dense multi-seriate bordered pits. Xylem fibres are thin and long, with thick walls, which are lignified. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, saponin, flavonoid, phytosterols and phenolic compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of pharmacognostic information as suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ashish S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zalke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duraiswamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Upendra B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Gandagule
keywords: Combretum albidum; fluorescence analysis; macroscopy; microscopy; physicochemical; phytochemical