title: Substrates enriched by the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata: an in vitro study of nutrient composition, sheep rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enrichment of wheat bran (WB), corn meal (CM) and barley flakes (BF) with the oleaginous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata (CE) might lead to effective use of these by-products in ruminant nutrition. We examined their effects on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WB, CM and BF substrates without or with brewer's grains (WBG, CMG, BFG) and enriched with CE were incubated with meadow hay (MH, 500 : 500, w/w) in rumen fluid in vitro for 24 h. The dry matter of the CE-enriched substrates increased (by 2-4%); however, digestibility decreased (P < 0·01). Adverse effects of CE-enriched substrates on the rumen ciliate population were observed. Little effect on the rumen eubacterial population was detected by the 16S-polymerase chain reaction/denaturizing gradient gel electrophoresis method. The increase in γ-linolenic acid output in the MH + BFGCE diet (800 : 200, w/w) was accompanied by an increase in rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diet substrates enriched with the fungus CE were less digestible than the untreated cereal substrates; no appreciable positive effect was observed on rumen fermentation patterns or the eubacterial and ciliate populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in vitro study showed that adding CE-enriched substrates to ruminant diets is not effective for improving rumen fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wencelová
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Váradyová
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mihaliková
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guothová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janštová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Certík
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Homoľová
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pristaš
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jalč
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kišidayová
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000378:metabolism; D020093:Cunninghamella / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid
keywords: biotechnology; fermentation; fungi; metabolism; protozoa