title: Identification of a major phosphopeptide in human tristetraprolin by phosphopeptide mapping and mass spectrometry.
abstract: Tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP/ZFP36) binds and destabilizes some pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. TTP-deficient mice develop a profound inflammatory syndrome due to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TTP expression is induced by various factors including insulin and extracts from cinnamon and green tea. TTP is highly phosphorylated in vivo and is a substrate for several protein kinases. Multiple phosphorylation sites are identified in human TTP, but it is difficult to assign major vs. minor phosphorylation sites. This study aimed to generate additional information on TTP phosphorylation using phosphopeptide mapping and mass spectrometry (MS). Wild-type and site-directed mutant TTP proteins were expressed in transfected human cells followed by in vivo radiolabeling with [32P]-orthophosphate. Histidine-tagged TTP proteins were purified with Ni-NTA affinity beads and digested with trypsin and lysyl endopeptidase. The digested peptides were separated by C18 column with high performance liquid chromatography. Wild-type and all mutant TTP proteins were localized in the cytosol, phosphorylated extensively in vivo and capable of binding to ARE-containing RNA probes. Mutant TTP with S90 and S93 mutations resulted in the disappearance of a major phosphopeptide peak. Mutant TTP with an S197 mutation resulted in another major phosphopeptide peak being eluted earlier than the wild-type. Additional mutations at S186, S296 and T271 exhibited little effect on phosphopeptide profiles. MS analysis identified the peptide that was missing in the S90 and S93 mutant protein as LGPELSPSPTSPTATSTTPSR (corresponding to amino acid residues 83-103 of human TTP). MS also identified a major phosphopeptide associated with the first zinc-finger region. These analyses suggest that the tryptic peptide containing S90 and S93 is a major phosphopeptide in human TTP.
authors.affiliation: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Leesa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Deterding
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America and Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Perry J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blackshear
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D059748:Proteolysis; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D051816:Tristetraprolin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010748:Phosphopeptides; D051816:Tristetraprolin; D012313:RNA; D014357:Trypsin