title: New and emerging endoscopic therapies for gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the most recent findings and results of new hemostatic agents for acute bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract of common and less common cause published in the past 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New hemostatic agents have been tested and emerged as promising therapies for acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. These are hemostatic sprays, stents for variceal tamponade and devices for mechanical closure of the gut wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of these devices are capable to definitively stop a bleeding, others are used as adjuvant to other techniques as bridge to other definitive treatments. All these devices have been tested recently; therefore, more trials are needed to better establish their efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boškoski
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Familiari
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costamagna
mesh_terms: D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome