title: Effects of ghrelin on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: one step forward.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the several disorders induced by sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) represents the most important economic burden problem that is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ghrelin in sepsis-induced AKI and the possible role of vagus nerve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups were included: sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP-ghrelin, CLP-vagotomy and CLP-vagotomy-ghrelin group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ghrelin treatment immediately after induction of CLP, significantly improved renal Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine, BUN and renal necrosis score as compared to the unprotected CLP group. In addition, ghrelin significantly decreased renal TNF alpha (111.5 ± 10.35 vs. 291.8 ± 15.8 pg/mg ptn), VCAM1 (6.28 ± 1.7 vs. 12.9 ± 1.2 µ/g ptn) and MPO (0.95 ± 0.13 vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 µ/g ptn) without significant increase in renal IL-10. Those effects were abolished by vagotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that ghrelin could represent new therapeutic window in early treatment of sepsis-induced AKI and this could be mainly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Akef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khowailed
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sandra Mourad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Younan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hend
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashour
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd Elkarim
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. nivinsharawi@gmail.com.|Departments of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine's, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. nivinsharawi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nivin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharawy
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002432:Cecum / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009195:Peroxidase; D003401:Creatine
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cytokine; Ghrelin; MPO; Sepsis