title: Molecular characterization of three Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus phages.
abstract: In this study, three phages infecting Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, named Ld3, Ld17, and Ld25A, were isolated from whey samples obtained from various industrial fermentations. These phages were further characterized in a multifaceted approach: (i) biological and physical characterization through host range analysis and electron microscopy; (ii) genetic assessment through genome analysis; (iii) mass spectrometry analysis of the structural components of the phages; and (iv), for one phage, transcriptional analysis by Northern hybridization, reverse transcription-PCR, and primer extension. The three obtained phage genomes display high levels of sequence identity to each other and to genomes of the so-called group b L. delbrueckii phages c5, LL-Ku, and phiLdb, where some of the observed differences are believed to be responsible for host range variations.
authors.affiliation: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eoghan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahony
authors.affiliation: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Connell-Motherway
authors.affiliation: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bottacini
authors.affiliation: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anneleen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neve
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Knut J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Noben
authors.affiliation: Sacco srl, Cadorago, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Bello
authors.affiliation: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland d.vansinderen@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: Douwe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Sinderen
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D023061:Gene Order; D058507:Host Specificity; D048668:Lactobacillus delbrueckii / Q000821:virology*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins