title: In situ investigation of mammalian inorganic polyphosphate localization using novel selective fluorescent probes JC-D7 and JC-D8.
abstract: Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a polymer composed of many orthophosphates linked together by phosphoanhydride bonds. Recent studies demonstrate that in addition to its important role in the function of microorganisms, polyP plays multiple important roles in the pathological and physiological function of higher eukaryotes, including mammalians. However, due to the dramatically lower abundance of polyP in mammalian cells when comparing to microorganisms, its investigation poses an experimental challenge. Here, we present the identification of novel fluorescent probes that allow for specific labeling of synthetic polyP in vitro as well as endogenous polyP in living cells. These probes demonstrate high selectivity for the labeling of polyP that was not sensitive to a number of ubiquitous organic polyphosphates, notably RNA. Use of these probes allowed us to demonstrate the real time detection of polyP release from lysosomes in live cells. Furthermore, we have been able to detect the increased levels of polyP in cells with Parkinson's disease related mutations.
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada Canada.
authors.forename: Plamena R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Angelova
authors.forename: Bikram Keshari
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Agrawalla
authors.forename: Pia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Elustondo
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Andrey Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Abramov
authors.forename: Young-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Evgeny V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Pavlov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011122:Polyphosphates; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase; C000601729:JC-D7 compound; C000601730:JC-D8 compound; C007293:DAPI; C495279:Lrrk2 protein, mouse