title: Total anomalous systemic venous drainage to the left atrium: An entity reviewed and investigated.
abstract: We present three unusual cases of total anomalous systemic venous drainage (TASVD) where all the systemic veins were abnormally connected to the atrium that drained into the left ventricle (LV). All three patients had features consistent with left atrial isomerism. Based on the available evidence and review of literature we propose that TASVD be included as a part of the syndrome of left atrial isomerism. A classification for TASVD is also proposed with surgical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Awasthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sitaraman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaushal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Heterotaxy syndrome; left isomerism; total anomalous systemic venous drainage