title: Methods of Selenium Supplementation: Bioavailability and Determination of Selenium Compounds.
abstract: Selenium, a "dual-surface" element, maintains a very thin line between a level of necessity and harmfulness. Because of this, a deficiency or excess of this element in an organism is dangerous and causes health-related problems, both physically and mentally. The main source of selenium is a balanced diet, with a proper selection of meat and plant products. Meanwhile, the proper assimilation of selenium into these products depends on their bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and/or bioactivity of a given selenium compound. From the time when it was discovered that selenium and its compounds have a significant influence on metabolic processes and in many countries throughout the world, a low quantity of selenium was found in different parts of the environment, pressure was put upon an effective and fast method of supplementing the environment with the help of selenium. This work describes supplementation methods applied with the use of selenium, as well as new ideas for increasing the level of this element in various organisms. Based on the fact that selenium appears in the environment at trace levels, the determination of total amount of selenium or selenium speciation in a given sample demands the selection of appropriate measurement methods. These methods are most often comprised of a sample preparation technique and/or a separation technique as well as a detection system. The work presents information on the subject of analytical methods used for determining selenium and its compounds as well as examples in literature of their application.
authors.affiliation: a Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodnar
authors.affiliation: a Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczyglowska
authors.affiliation: a Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konieczka
authors.affiliation: a Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namiesnik
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis / Q000172:deficiency / Q000506:poisoning / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018036:Selenium Compounds; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Selenium, supplementation, bioavailability, analytical methods