title: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention to improve pneumococcal vaccination rate among older patients with chronic diseases: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for elders, especially those with chronic conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine if an additional multi-component health education intervention increases the uptake rate of the pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted from 3 December 2007 to 7 March 2008. The clusters were the individual weeks within five Hong Kong outpatient clinics over a 10-week period. A sample of 2517 patients aged 65 or above with chronic diseases was recruited. Intervention group received a 3-min brief telephone education intervention before and a 3-min face-to-face intervention during scheduled medical appointments at the respective clinics. All subjects received standard care including health education leaflets and/or a video show at the clinics. Pneumococcal vaccination rate and awareness of the vaccination at 3-month follow up were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vaccination rate was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (57% vs 48%; relative risk=1.20, 95% CI=1.06-1.37), but the two groups did not differ significantly in their awareness of the vaccination at 3-month follow up (65% vs 59%, relative risk=0.86, 95% CI=0.69-1.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention was effective in increasing uptake of pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William MW Mong Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Electronic address: nssophia@hkucc.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Sophia S C
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 830, Ester Lee Building, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Doris Y P
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William MW Mong Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Angela Y M
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine & Primary Healthcare Services, Hong Kong East Cluster, Hospital Authority, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Queen Mary Hospital, 1/F., Block A, Pokfulam Road.
authors.forename: Chi Kuen
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F, William MW Mong Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Quality & Safety Division, Hospital Authority, Hospital Authority Building, 147B Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Shao Haei
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F, William MW Mong Block, LKS Faculty of Medicine, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kwok Yung
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: Interventions; Older patients; Pneumococcal vaccination; Randomized controlled trial