title: Structure-based design of β1i or β5i specific inhibitors of human immunoproteasomes.
abstract: Mammalian genomes encode seven catalytic proteasome subunits, namely, β1c, β2c, β5c (assembled into constitutive 20S proteasome core particles), β1i, β2i, β5i (incorporated into immunoproteasomes), and the thymoproteasome-specific subunit β5t. Extensive research in the past decades has yielded numerous potent proteasome inhibitors including compounds currently used in the clinic to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Proteasome inhibitors that selectively target combinations of β1c/β1i, β2c/β2i, or β5c/β5i are available, yet ligands truly selective for a single proteasome activity are scarce. In this work we report the development of cell-permeable β1i and β5i selective inhibitors that outperform existing leads in terms of selectivity and/or potency. These compounds are the result of a rational design strategy using known inhibitors as starting points and introducing structural features according to the X-ray structures of the murine constitutive and immunoproteasome 20S core particles.
authors.affiliation: Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Netherlands Proteomics Centre , Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Bo-Tao
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Eva J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Rooden
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Ayed
authors.forename: Kyung-Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Alexei F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kisselev
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Stelt
authors.forename: Gijsbert A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van der Marel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groll
authors.forename: Herman S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Overkleeft
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex