title: Computational modeling of interventions and protective thresholds to prevent disease transmission in deploying populations.
abstract: Military personnel are deployed abroad for missions ranging from humanitarian relief efforts to combat actions; delay or interruption in these activities due to disease transmission can cause operational disruptions, significant economic loss, and stressed or exceeded military medical resources. Deployed troops function in environments favorable to the rapid and efficient transmission of many viruses particularly when levels of protection are suboptimal. When immunity among deployed military populations is low, the risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks increases, impacting troop readiness and achievement of mission objectives. However, targeted vaccination and the optimization of preexisting immunity among deployed populations can decrease the threat of outbreaks among deployed troops. Here we describe methods for the computational modeling of disease transmission to explore how preexisting immunity compares with vaccination at the time of deployment as a means of preventing outbreaks and protecting troops and mission objectives during extended military deployment actions. These methods are illustrated with five modeling case studies for separate diseases common in many parts of the world, to show different approaches required in varying epidemiological settings.
authors.affiliation: MathEcology, Phoenix, AZ 85086, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0393-0767
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: MathEcology, Phoenix, AZ 85086, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8200-8839
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peace
authors.affiliation: MathEcology, Phoenix, AZ 85086, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1565-7510
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.affiliation: piTree Software, Metuchen, NJ 08840, USA.
authors.forename: Buena
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6859-7048
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.affiliation: Military Vaccine Agency (MILVAX), Defense Health Headquarters, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6721-4132
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000635:transmission; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000635:transmission; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008457:Measles / Q000635:transmission; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods; D008889:Military Personnel; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012409:Rubella / Q000635:transmission; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination