title: Gadolinium enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque in the middle cerebral artery: relation to symptoms and degree of stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-resolution MR imaging can depict intracranial arterial atherosclerotic plaques. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between the degree of enhancement of MCA plaques on contrast-enhanced high-resolution MR imaging and ischemic stroke and stenosis severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 36 patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe atherosclerotic MCA stenosis. A contrast-enhanced T1-weighted volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition sequence was acquired for assessing plaque enhancement. Plaque-to-CSF contrast ratio was calculated after the signal intensity of plaques at the stenotic segment was measured. Univariate comparison and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for symptomatic and asymptomatic groups to assess the relationship between symptomatic stenosis and independent variables, including plaque-to-CSF contrast ratio, degree of stenosis, and clinical risk factors. Plaque-to-CSF contrast ratio was compared between the moderate and severe stenosis groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients had symptomatic MCA stenosis, and 15 had asymptomatic stenosis. The plaque-to-CSF contrast ratio was significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (63.6 ± 10.6% versus 54.1 ± 13.5%, respectively; P < .05). The degree of stenosis also differed significantly between the 2 groups (P < .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the degree of stenosis was the only independent predictor of ischemic stroke symptoms. The plaque-to-CSF contrast ratio of severe stenosis was significantly higher than that of moderate stenosis (66.8 ± 8.7% versus 55.9 ± 12.8%, respectively; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plaque enhancement was significantly higher in patients with symptomatic plaques and may have been affected by the degree of stenosis. A difference in plaque enhancement according to the degree of stenosis has implications for understanding the development of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.-W.R., G.-H.J.) md.cwryu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C-W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (C.-W.R., G.-H.J.).
authors.forename: G-H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jahng
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery (H.S.S.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium