title: Clones of Streptococcus zooepidemicus from outbreaks of hemorrhagic canine pneumonia and associated immune responses.
abstract: Acute hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus has emerged as a major disease of shelter dogs and greyhounds. S. zooepidemicus strains differing in multilocus sequence typing (MLST), protective protein (SzP), and M-like protein (SzM) sequences were identified from 9 outbreaks in Texas, Kansas, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania. Clonality based on 2 or more isolates was evident for 7 of these outbreaks. The Pennsylvania and Nevada outbreaks also involved cats. Goat antisera against acutely infected lung tissue as well as convalescent-phase sera reacted with a mucinase (Sz115), hyaluronidase (HylC), InlA domain-containing cell surface-anchored protein (INLA), membrane-anchored protein (MAP), SzP, SzM, and extracellular oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA). The amino acid sequences of SzP and SzM of the isolates varied greatly. The szp and szm alleles of the closely related Kansas clone (sequence type 129 [ST-129]) and United Kingdom isolate BHS5 (ST-123) were different, indicating that MLST was unreliable as a predictor of virulence phenotype. Combinations of conserved HylC and serine protease (ScpC) and variable SzM and SzP proteins of S. zooepidemicus strain NC78 were protectively immunogenic for mice challenged with a virulent canine strain. Thus, although canine pneumonia outbreaks are caused by different strains of S. zooepidemicus, protective immune responses were elicited in mice by combinations of conserved or variable S. zooepidemicus proteins from a single strain.
authors.affiliation: Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velineni
authors.affiliation: Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA jtimoney@uky.edu.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Timoney
authors.affiliation: Keystone Veterinary Emergency and Referral, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Backroads Veterinary Care, LLC, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hamlen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pesavento
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fortney
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: P Cynda
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D051379:Mice; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018502:Streptococcus equi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; D037521:Virulence Factors