title: Glial-like differentiation potential of human mature adipocytes.
abstract: The potential ability to differentiate dedifferentiated adipocytes into a neural lineage is attracting strong interest as an emerging method of producing model cells for the treatment of a variety of neurological diseases. Here, we describe the efficient conversion of dedifferentiated adipocytes into a neural-like cell population. These cells grew in neurosphere-like structures and expressed a high level of the early neuroectodermal marker Nestin. These neurospheres could proliferate and express stemness genes, suggesting that these cells could be committed to the neural lineage. After neural induction, NeuroD1, Sox1, Double Cortin, and Eno2 were not expressed. Patch clamp data did not reveal different electrophysiological properties, indicating the inability of these cells to differentiate into mature neurons. In contrast, the differentiated cells expressed a high level of CLDN11, as demonstrated using molecular method, and stained positively for the glial cell markers CLDN11 and GFAP, as demonstrated using immunocytochemistry. These data were confirmed by quantitative results for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor production, which showed a higher secretion level in neurospheres and the differentiated cells compared with the untreated cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate morphological, molecular, and immunocytochemical evidence of initial neural differentiation of mature adipocytes, committing to a glial lineage.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy. a.poloni@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poloni
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurizi
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mondini
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mattiucci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ambrogini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lattanzi
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Clinica Chirurgia del Pancreas, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falconi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinti
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leoni
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057167:Claudins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D064231:Nestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D057167:Claudins; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C120453:CLDN11 protein, human; C093970:NEUROD1 protein, human; C490906:SOX1 protein, human