title: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid--risk factors and immediate perinatal outcomes among SGA infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect factors that are associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) among deliveries of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and to identify perinatal outcomes of deliveries of SGA infants complicated with MSAF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study comparing deliveries of SGA neonates with and without MSAF was conducted. Deliveries occurred during the years 1988-2007 at the Soroka University Medical Center. Risk factors for MSAF among SGA infants were evaluated. Incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between deliveries of SGA neonates with and without MSAF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period 9583 deliveries were of SGA neonates. Of these, 16.6% (n = 1597) were complicated with MSAF. Among SGA neonates, older maternal age, multiparty, lack of prenatal care and weight were significantly associated with MSAF. Having delivered an SGA infant with MSAF was associated with decreased rates of induction of labor and increased rates of labor dystocia, delivery by cesarean section and fetal distress. Using multivariable regression models, having delivered an SGA infant with MSAF was independently associated with fetal distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among SGA neonates, deliveries complicated with MSAF are associated with additional adverse pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel .
authors.forename: Gali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pariente
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peles
authors.forename: Zvi H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baumfeld
authors.forename: Salvatore Andrea
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mastrolia
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koifman
authors.forename: Adi Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Reli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hershkovitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D008470:Meconium; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fetal growth restriction; intra-uterine growth retardation; meconium; meconium aspiration syndrome; meconium-stained amniotic fluid; small for gestational age