title: Differences in birthweight outcomes: a longitudinal study based on siblings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigate the differences in birthweight between first- and second-borns, evaluating the impact of changes in pregnancy (e.g., gestational age), demographic (e.g., age), and social (e.g., education level, marital status) maternal characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  All analyses are performed on data collected in Umbria (Italy) taking into account a set of 792 women who delivered twice from 2005 to 2008. Firstly, we use a univariate paired t-test for the comparison between weights of first- and second-borns; Secondly, we use linear and nonlinear regression approaches in order to: (i) evaluate the effect of demographic and social maternal characteristics and (ii) predict the odds-ratio of low and high birthweight infants, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that the birthweight of second-borns is significantly higher than that of first-borns. Statistically significant effects are related with a longer gestational age, an increased number of visits during the pregnancy, and the gender of infants. On the other hand, we do not observe any significant effect related with mother’s age and with other characteristics of interest.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiavarini
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minelli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pieroni
mesh_terms: D001719:Birth Certificates; D001722:Birth Order; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D035781:Siblings