title: Effects of preslaughter feed withdrawal time on finishing pig carcass, body weight gain, and food safety characteristics in a commercial environment.
abstract: The effects of feed withdrawal time before slaughter on finishing pig carcass composition were evaluated in 2 studies. In Exp. 1, 728 pigs (BW = 128.9 ± 1.2 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments in a randomized design with number of pigs per pen and location within barn balanced across treatment. The 4 treatments were feed withdrawal times of 8, 24, 36, or 48 h and there were 12 replicate pens per treatment. Before feed withdrawal, pigs were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), bakery coproducts, and 5.0 mg/kg ractopamine HCl. Feed withdrawal time decreased (linear; P < 0.02) live weight, HCW, and backfat while increasing percentage yield (quadratic; P < 0.01) and fat-free lean index (FFLI; linear; P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, 843 pigs (BW = 125.4 ± 1.6 kg) were used to determine the impact of feed withdrawal on growth, carcass, blood lactate, and meat quality. There were 4 treatments: withholding feed for 8, 12, 24, or 36 h, with 10 replicates per treatment. Pigs were fed a common corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 20% DDGS and 5.0 mg/kg ractopamine HCl. Withholding feed decreased (linear; P < 0.001) live weight, ultimately resulting in decreased (P < 0.01) HCW. There were no differences in FFLI or backfat, but percentage yield (linear; P < 0.001) increased with longer withdrawal times. Carcass contaminations by stomach contents escaping from the oral cavity after shackling (leaking ingesta) or visible fecal contamination of the exterior of the carcass (runny bung) were also measured. Although withholding feed did not affect runny bung, it increased (linear; P < 0.001) the incidence of leaking ingesta, whereas blood lactate, visual color score, and purge loss were unaffected. Withholding feed increased 45-min pH (quadratic; P > 0.02) and ultimate pH (linear; P < 0.01) and increased (quadratic; P < 0.03) visual marbling score. Withholding feed decreased (linear; P < 0.001) feed intake, resulting in feed savings of up to 3 kg/pig. Although several heavyweight pigs were removed before trial commencement and the variable number of remaining pigs per pen may have influenced the response to feed withdrawal, the present data indicates that finishing pigs can experience between 24 and 36 h of feed withdrawal without negatively affecting carcass composition. However, the increased incidence of leaking ingesta beyond 12 h of feed withdrawal is concerning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture frobose@ksu.edu.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Frobose
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0210.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tokach
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3150.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Prusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeRouchey
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodband
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D059022:Food Safety; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: carcass; fasting; feed withdrawal; swine