title: Lineage II of Southeast Asian/American DENV-2 is associated with a severe dengue outbreak in the Peruvian Amazon.
abstract: During 2010 and 2011, the Loreto region of Peru experienced a dengue outbreak of unprecedented magnitude and severity for the region. This outbreak coincided with the reappearance of dengue virus-2 (DENV-2) in Loreto after almost 8 years. Whole-genome sequence indicated that DENV-2 from the outbreak belonged to lineage II of the southeast Asian/American genotype and was most closely related to viruses circulating in Brazil during 2007 and 2008, whereas DENV-2 previously circulating in Loreto grouped with lineage I (DENV-2 strains circulating in South America since 1990). One amino acid substitution (NS5 A811V) in the 2010 and 2011 isolates resulted from positive selection. However, the 2010 and 2011 DENV-2 did not replicate to higher titers in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and did not infect or disseminate in a higher proportion of Aedes aegypti than DENV-2 isolates previously circulating in Loreto. These results suggest that factors other than enhanced viral replication played a role in the severity of this outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas maya.williams@med.navy.mil nivasila@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Sandra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Rubing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Evgeniya
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Volkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Stalin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vilcarromero
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Widen
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suarez-Ognio
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Kanya C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas maya.williams@med.navy.mil nivasila@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vasilakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru; Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Virology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Iquitos, Peru; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Dirección General de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, Lima, Perú; Entomology Department, University of California, Davis, California; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Halsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral