title: Effects of propofol, etomidate, and thiopental on intraocular pressure and hemodynamic responses in phacoemulsification by insertion of laryngeal mask airway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of propofol, etomidate, and thiopental administered during phacoemulsification (PE) cataract extraction on intraocular pressure (IOP) and hemodynamic responses with insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, patients scheduled for PE with general anesthesia were included. Patients were allocated randomly to 3 groups: group 1 (n=34): 0.3 mg/kg etomidate; group 2 (n=33): 2 mg/kg propofol; and group 3 (n=34): 4 mg/kg thiopental. IOP, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were measured before induction as a baseline, 2 min after induction (immediately before insertion of LMA), and 1 and 3 min after LMA insertion. Blood pressure (BP) and HR of patients during the surgery were monitored and registered before and after induction and intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 3 groups, IOP decreased significantly after injection of drugs and insertion of LMA in comparison to basic values, although IOP after LMA insertion was more than before LMA insertion. In case of propofol, the changes in IOP between 2 min after induction and the baseline were higher than others, especially thiopental (P=0.031). BP declined remarkably after induction (P<0.001) and rose significantly after LMA insertion in all groups, except in the propofol group. The HR was decreased significantly after induction, except in thiopental.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol prevented IOP increase after induction compared with other drugs. Decrease in BP and HR after induction and LMA insertion was remarkable. Thiopental seemed to be the best drug for controlling cardiovascular parameters, especially HR, and it also prevents IOP rise.
authors.affiliation: 1 Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran .
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derakhshan
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pourmazar
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrishami
authors.forename: Vahid Ghavami
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Ghanbarabadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D013874:Thiopental; D015742:Propofol; D005045:Etomidate