title: Sparse CT reconstruction based on multi-direction anisotropic total variation (MDATV).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sparse CT (Computed Tomography), inspired by compressed sensing, means to introduce a prior information of image sparsity into CT reconstruction to reduce the input projections so as to reduce the potential threat of incremental X-ray dose to patients' health. Recently, many remarkable works were concentrated on the sparse CT reconstruction from sparse (limited-angle or few-view style) projections. In this paper we would like to incorporate more prior information into the sparse CT reconstruction for improvement of performance. It is known decades ago that the given projection directions can provide information about the directions of edges in the restored CT image. ATV (Anisotropic Total Variation), a TV (Total Variation) norm based regularization, could use the prior information of image sparsity and edge direction simultaneously. But ATV can only represent the edge information in few directions and lose much prior information of image edges in other directions.
  
  
  METHODS
  To sufficiently use the prior information of edge directions, a novel MDATV (Multi-Direction Anisotropic Total Variation) is proposed. In this paper we introduce the 2D-IGS (Two Dimensional Image Gradient Space), and combined the coordinate rotation transform with 2D-IGS to represent edge information in multiple directions. Then by incorporating this multi-direction representation into ATV norm we get the MDATV regularization. To solve the optimization problem based on the MDATV regularization, a novel ART (algebraic reconstruction technique) + MDATV scheme is outlined. And NESTA (NESTerov's Algorithm) is proposed to replace GD (Gradient Descent) for minimizing the TV-based regularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numerical and real data experiments demonstrate that MDATV based iterative reconstruction improved the quality of restored image. NESTA is more suitable than GD for minimization of TV-based regularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDATV regularization can sufficiently use the prior information of image sparsity and edge information simultaneously. By incorporating more prior information, MDATV based approach could reconstruct the image more exactly.
authors.forename: Hongxiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. xdchen@tju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhongxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qingzhen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Daoyin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed