title: Soft and hard tissue changes after bimaxillary surgery in Japanese class III asymmetric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of bimaxillary surgery on Class III subjects with mandibular asymmetry, and to compare the effects of the type of surgery performed in the mandible on the facial profile especially in the presence of facial asymmetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients in whom imbalance between the maxilla and the mandible were corrected by Le Fort I osteotomy combined with bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (BIVRO group, n=9), bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO group, n=14), or a combination of intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) (IVRO + SSRO group, n=13). Cephalograms were taken before surgery (T1), and 1 year after surgery (T2). Hard and soft-tissue changes were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postsurgical findings showed that greater mandibular backward displacement and greater upper lip forward movement were more pronounced among BIVRO group when compared with BSSRO group. Upper lip relation to E-line showed greater improvement in BIVRO group than BSSRO and IVRO + SSRO groups. The ratios of corresponding mandibular soft to hard tissue movements were higher than that of maxillary movements and were more pronounced in IVRO + SSRO and BSSRO groups when compared with BIVRO group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVRO surgical technique appears to be more effective in positioning the mandible more posteriorly and improving upper and lower lips position and competence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Ibb University, Yemen; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Taibah University, KSA.
authors.forename: Talat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Gunaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological Science, Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Course for Oral Life Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Ritsuo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological Science, Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saito
keywords: Asymmetry; bimaxillary surgery; class III; malocclusion; profile change