title: The many structural faces of calmodulin: a multitasking molecular jackknife.
abstract: Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly conserved protein and a crucial calcium sensor in eukaryotes. CaM is a regulator of hundreds of diverse target proteins. A wealth of studies has been carried out on the structure of CaM, both in the unliganded form and in complexes with target proteins and peptides. The outcome of these studies points toward a high propensity to attain various conformational states, depending on the binding partner. The purpose of this review is to provide examples of different conformations of CaM trapped in the crystal state. In addition, comparisons are made to corresponding studies in solution. The different CaM conformations in crystal structures are also compared based on the positions of the metal ions bound to their EF hands, in terms of distances, angles, and pseudo-torsion angles. Possible caveats and artifacts in CaM crystal structures are discussed, as well as the possibilities of trapping biologically relevant CaM conformations in the crystal state.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, petri.kursula@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kursula
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D055550:Protein Stability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D008024:Ligands