title: Acute cardiopulmonary effects induced by the inhalation of concentrated ambient particles during seasonal variation in the city of São Paulo.
abstract: Ambient particles may undergo modifications to their chemical composition as a consequence of climatic variability. The determination of whether these changes modify the toxicity of the particles is important for the understanding of the health effects associated with particle exposure. The objectives were to determine whether low levels of particles promote cardiopulmonary effects, and to assess if the observed alterations are influenced by season. Mice were exposed to 200 μg/m(3) concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and filtered air (FA) in cold/dry and warm/humid periods. Lung hyperresponsiveness, heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure were evaluated 30 min after each exposure. After 24 h, blood and tissue samples were collected. During both periods (warm/humid and cold/dry), CAPs induced alterations in red blood cells and lung inflammation. During the cold/dry period, CAPs reduced the mean corpuscular volume levels and increased erythrocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width coefficient variation levels compared with the FA group. Similarly, CAPs during the warm/humid period decreased mean corpuscular volume levels and increased erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell distribution width coefficient variation levels compared with the FA group. CAPs during the cold/dry period increased the influx of neutrophils in the alveolar parenchyma. Short-term exposure to low concentrations of CAPs elicited modest but significant pulmonary inflammation and, to a lesser extent, changes in blood parameters. In addition, our data support the concept that changes in climate conditions slightly modify particle toxicity because equivalent doses of CAPs in the cold/dry period produced a more exacerbated response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; josemarabrito@usp.br.
authors.forename: Jôse Mára de
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Mariângela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macchione
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
authors.forename: Alessandra Choqueta
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Toledo-Arruda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
authors.forename: Beatriz Mangueira
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Saraiva-Romanholo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Thaís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
authors.forename: Paulo Hilário Nascimento
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Saldiva
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D006439:Hemodynamics; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: climatic change; inflammation; particulate matter; responsiveness; toxicity