title: Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide in 5.9 million individuals receiving care in the veterans health administration health system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) confers risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts but a link with suicide is not yet established. Prior analyses of users of the Veterans health administration (VHA) Health System suggest that other mental disorders strongly influence the association between PTSD and suicide in this population. We examined the association between PTSD and suicide in VHA users, with a focus on the influence of other mental disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were based on linkage of VA National Patient Care Database records and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention׳s National Death Index, with data from fiscal year 2007-2008. Analyses were based on multivariate logistic regression and structural equation models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among users of VHA services studied (N=5,913,648), 0.6% (N=3620) died by suicide, including 423 who had had been diagnosed with PTSD. In unadjusted analysis, PTSD was associated with increased risk for suicide, with odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, 95% CI)=1.34 (1.21, 1.48). Similar results were obtained after adjustment for demographic variables and veteran characteristics. After adjustment for multiple other mental disorder diagnoses, PTSD was associated with decreased risk for suicide, OR (95% CI)=0.77 (0.69, 0.86). Major depressive disorder (MDD) had the largest influence on the association between PTSD and suicide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyses were cross-sectional. VHA users were studied, with unclear relevance to other populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest the importance of identifying and treating comorbid MDD and other mental disorders in VHA users diagnosed with PTSD in suicide prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: ken.conner@va.gov.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bossarte
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Naiji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Xin M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: VA Office of Mental Health Operations, USA.
authors.forename: Ira R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Comorbid; PTSD; Risk factor; Suicide; Veteran