title: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among imprisoned males from Brazil without exposure to healthcare: risk factors and molecular characterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies report high prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization among imprisoned populations. However, there are no data on that prevalence in Brazilian correctional institutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested 302 male prisoners for nasopharyngeal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus from February 2009 through April 2010. The overall isolation rate of S. aureus was 16.5% (50/302). Men who had sex with men, users of inhalatory drugs and those with previous lung or skin diseases were more likely to be colonized with S. aureus. MRSA was isolated from 0.7% of subjects (2/302). The two Community-associated (CA)-MRSA belonged to ST5 but were unrelated based on the PFGE results. Both harbored SCCmec IV, and did not possess the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found low prevalence of S. aureus and CA-MRSA among prisoners. MRSA isolates ST5 from two subjects harboured SCCmec IV and presented different PFGE patterns.
authors.forename: Claudia de Lima
authors.initials: Cde L
authors.lastname: Witzel
authors.forename: Carlos Magno Castelo Branco
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fortaleza
authors.forename: Camila Sena Martins
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Danilo Flávio Moraes
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. cunhamlr@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: da Cunha
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*