title: Ventricular-vascular coupling in hypertension: methodological considerations and clinical implications.
abstract: The present review is addressed to analyse the complex interplay between left ventricle and arterial tree in hypertension. The different methodological approaches to the analysis of ventricular vascular coupling in the time and frequency domain are discussed. Moreover, the role of hypertension-related changes of arterial structure and function (stiffness and wave reflection) on arterial load and how ventricular-vascular coupling modulates the process of left ventricular adaptation to hypertension are analysed.The different interplay between vascular bed and left ventricle emerges as the pathophysiological basis for the development of the multiple patterns of ventricular structural adaptation in hypertension and provides a pathway for the interpretation of systolic and diastolic functional abnormalities observed in hypertensive patients. Targeting the therapeutic approach to improve ventricular-vascular coupling may have relevant impact on reversing left ventricular hypertrophy and improving systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: aCardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari bDepartment of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Siena, Siena cCardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari dAS Department of Cardiology, Brindisi District eDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence fClinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia gDepartment of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Palermo hDipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Sergio
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cameli
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casalnuovo
authors.forename: Marco M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ciccone
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganau
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiello
authors.forename: Pietro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Modesti
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muiesan
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palmiero
authors.forename: Giuseppe D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scicchitano
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pedrinelli
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004548:Elasticity / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*