title: Ionic liquid-based vacuum microwave-assisted extraction followed by macroporous resin enrichment for the separation of the three glycosides salicin, hyperin and rutin from Populus bark.
abstract: An effective ionic liquid vacuum microwave-assisted method was developed for extraction of the thermo- and oxygen-sensitive glycosides salicin, hyperin and rutin from Populus bark due to the strong solvating effects of ionic liquids on plant cell walls. In this study, [C4mim]BF4 solution was selected as the extracting solution for extraction of the target analytes. After optimization by single factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimum condition parameters were achieved, which included 1.0 M [C4mim]BF4, 2 h soaking time, -0.08 MPa vacuum, 20 min microwave irradiation time, 400 W microwave irradiation power and 25 mL/g liquid/solid ratio. Under the optimum conditions, higher extraction yields of salicin (35.53 mg/g), hyperin (1.32 mg/g) and rutin (2.40 mg/g) were obtained. Compared with other extraction methods, the developed method provided higher yields of the three target components after a relatively shorter extraction time (20 min). No obvious degradation of the target analytes was observed under the optimum conditions in performed stability studies and the proposed method had a high reproducibility. Meanwhile, after adsorption and desorption on macroporous D101 resin, the target analytes can be effectively separated from the [C4mim]BF4 ionic liquid extraction solution and the yields of salicin, hyperin and rutin were 89%, 82% and 84%, respectively. The recovered [C4mim]BF4 ionic liquid presented a good extraction effect on the three analytes after recycling five times.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. chenfengli1103@163.com.
authors.forename: Fengli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China. mokailin@126.com.
authors.forename: Kailin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. zaizhiliu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhaizhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. fjynefu@163.com.
authors.forename: Fengjian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. lynnhkx@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. Rachel.0527@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shuangyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. zygorl@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. lyld312@163.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D008872:Microwaves; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts; D032107:Populus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D005960:Glucosides; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C005696:salicin; D012431:Rutin; C021304:hyperoside; D011794:Quercetin