title: All-inside arthroscopic modified Broström operation for chronic ankle instability: a biomechanical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The all-inside arthroscopic modified Broström operation has been developed for lateral ankle instability. We compared the biomechanical parameters of the all-inside arthroscopic procedure to the open modified Broström operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven matched pairs of human cadaver specimens [average age 71.5 (range 58-98) years] were subject to the arthroscopic modified Broström operation using a suture anchor and the open modified Broström operation. The ligaments were loaded cyclically 20 times and then tested to failure. Torque to failure, degrees to failure, and stiffness were measured. A matched-pair analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in torque to failure between the open and arthroscopic modified Broström operation (19.9 ± 8.9 vs. 23.3 ± 12.1 Nm, n.s). The degrees to failure did not differ significantly between the open and arthroscopic modified Broström operations (46.8 ± 9.9° vs. 46.7 ± 7.6°, n.s). The working construct stiffness (or stiffness to failure) was no significant difference in the two groups (0.438 ± 0.21 vs. 0.487 ± 0.268 Nm/deg for the open and arthroscopic modified Broström operations, respectively, n.s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The all-inside arthroscopic modified Broström operation and the open modified Broström operation resulted in no significantly different torque to failure, degrees to failure, and working construct stiffness with no significant differences (n.s, n.s, and n.s, respectively). Our results indicate that the arthroscopic modified Broström operation is a reasonable alternative procedure for chronic ankle instability.
authors.affiliation: Foot and Ankle Clinic, KT Lee's Orthopedic Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Tai
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saeum Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eung Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, R204, Medical Industry Techno Tower, Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, R204, Medical Industry Techno Tower, Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 220-710, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine Korea University, 126-1 Anam dong 5 Ka SungBuk ku, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Im Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Rhyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, 4 Jung-Dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-767, Republic of Korea. brain0808@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Young Koo
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D053441:Suture Anchors
keywords: All-inside; Arthroscopic modified Broström technique; Biomechanical; Cadaver