title: Invasive electromagnetic field treatment in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to compare the surgical treatment of non-ONFH in adulthood by curettage and bone grafting with treatment by curettage and bone grafting in combination with invasive electromagnetic field treatment using Magnetodyn(®). This was assessed by examining whether electromagnetic field treatment has a positive additive effect on the clinical parameters modified Harris Hip Score according to Haddad, Cook and Brinker, Merle d'Aubigné hip score and visual analogue scale, and on the subsequent need for treatment by total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective, non-randomised study included 35 patients with unilateral or bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head. These were divided into two groups according to the surgical treatment regime and assessed over a 12-month follow-up period. The study group (Group 1) comprised 19 patients (14 men and 5 women) with a total of 22 non-ONFH, who underwent minimally invasive curettage, bone grafting and electromagnetic field treatment (Magnetodyn(®)) by implantation of a bipolar induction screw. The control group (Group 2) comprised 16 patients (12 men and 4 women) with a total of 18 non-ONFH, who underwent minimally invasive curettage and bone grafting without Magnetodyn(®) therapy. At the initial pre-operative examination and the 6 and 12-month follow-up, all patients were assessed by clinical examination and radiological monitoring, and by bilateral hip MRI. The clinical evaluation was based on the modified Harris Hip Score according to Haddad, Cook and Brinker, the Merle d`Aubigné hip score and the visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of follow-up, total hip arthroplasty (THA) had been performed in four patients in Group 1 (18%). In Group 2, four patients (22%) had received a THA (n.s.). Both procedures led to an improvement in the clinical scores (Harris Hip Score, Merle d`Aubigné score and VAS), although no significant difference was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that electromagnetic field treatment with Magnetodyn(®), using the special signal protocol applied here, as an adjunct to curettage and autologous bone grafting to treat non-ONFH, does not produce better clinical results and does not offer better prophylaxis for the avoidance of total hip arthroplasty over all ARCO stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena at Rudolf-Elle-Hospital Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, Eisenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Bethesda Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena at Rudolf-Elle-Hospital Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, Eisenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Röhner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena at Rudolf-Elle-Hospital Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, Eisenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena at Rudolf-Elle-Hospital Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, Eisenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena at Rudolf-Elle-Hospital Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, Eisenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matziolis
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena at Rudolf-Elle-Hospital Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, Eisenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
keywords: ARCO (Association Research Circulation Osseous); Magnetodyn®; bone grafting; core decompression; invasive electromagnetic stimulation; nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (non-ONFH).