title: Method development for the simultaneous determination of polybrominated, polychlorinated, mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish.
abstract: An analytical methodology was developed for simultaneous determination of five groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polybrominated, polychlorinated and mixed brominated-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs, PCDD/DFs and PXDD/DFs, respectively), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish samples. The presented analytical approach was based on well established and robust method for determination of PCDD/DFs and PCBs, which was augmented with gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) to include PBDEs, as well as poorly investigated PBDD/DFs and PXDD/DFs at toxicologically significant levels. Intensive clean-up and fractionation procedures in combination with optimized instrumental parameters provided reliable detection and quantification of these compounds. The application of (13)C12-labeled surrogates of analyzed compounds allowed the internal standardization and accurate measurement of selected contaminants. The developed procedure was validated while taking into account the Commission Regulation (EU) 252/2012 requirements for PCDD/DFs and PCBs, and was used to measure the occurrence of priority POPs in Baltic wild salmon.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Kr. Valdemara iela 48, Riga LV-1013, Latvia. Electronic address: dzintars.zachs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zacs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rjabova
authors.affiliation: University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Kr. Valdemara iela 48, Riga LV-1013, Latvia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viksna
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Kr. Valdemara iela 48, Riga LV-1013, Latvia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bartkevics
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004147:Dioxins / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism; D007844:Latvia; D008297:Male; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Fish; GC–HRMS; PBDD/DFs; POPs; PXDD/DFs; Simultaneous determination