title: Trauma reactivation plus propranolol is associated with durably low physiological responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a previous, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) showed lower physiological response during script-driven traumatic imagery 1 week after receiving a single dose of propranolol given after the retrieval of a traumatic memory. We hypothesized that this effect would extend beyond 1 week using a modified treatment approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight participants with PTSD read an account of their traumatic event once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks under the influence of open-label propranolol. One week and 4-months later, skin conductance, heart rate, and left corrugator electromyogram responses were measured while participants engaged in script-driven mental imagery of their traumatic event. Results from the 22 study participants were compared with results from treated and untreated participants in a previously published trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants in our study were classified as non-PTSD cases at posttreatment and follow-up according to a psychophysiological discriminant function analysis. Posttreatment skin conductance and heart rate responses of the current (propranolol-treated) participants were lower than those of placebo participants from the previous study. No difference was observed between physiological responding measured posttreatment and at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low physiological responding during script-driven traumatic imagery after treatment extends up to 4 months, demonstrating the durability of the treatment effect's. Limitations include the absence of a placebo-controlled group and lack of physiological baseline measures. Despite these limitations, results point to the need for future trials examining the clinical efficacy of trauma reactivation plus propranolol, as it has the potential to become a novel, cost- and time-effective treatment for PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Director of the Psychosocial Research Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec; Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Émilie
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Research Coordinator, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec; Associate Member, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Associate Member, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saumier
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario.
authors.forename: Andrea R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ashbaugh
authors.affiliation: Registered Nurse, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Abdelmadjid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzoug
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Roger K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pitman
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.affiliation: Researcher, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011580:Psychological Techniques; D011603:Psychophysiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol