title: A longitudinal study of emotional intelligence training for otolaryngology residents and faculty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emotions underlie and influence physician communications and relationships with patients and colleagues. Training programs to enhance emotional attunement, or emotional intelligence (EI), for physicians and assess training effects are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether an EI training program for otolaryngology residents and faculty affects patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal, cohort study of physician residents and faculty in an EI training program at the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, with annual training from 2005 to 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three levels of interventions included 4 years of repeated EI assessment, 7 years of highly interactive EI training with high-risk/high-stress simulations, and ongoing modeling and mentoring of EI skills by faculty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four levels of outcome of the EI training were assessed with the following questions: Did participants enjoy the program? Could they apply the training to their practice? Did it change their behavior? Did it affect patient satisfaction? The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) was administered to faculty and residents, and the Press Ganey Patient Satisfaction Survey was completed by patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven percent of participants (103 of 106) reported that they enjoyed the programs, and 98% (104 of 106) reported that they have or could have applied what they learned. Participants demonstrated improvement in mean EQ-i scores from 102.19 (baseline/pretraining) to 107.29 (posttraining and assessment 1 year later; change, 6.71; 95% CI, 3.44-9.98). This increase was sustained in successive years, and these results were supported with linear growth curve analysis. The total department mean EQ-i score in pretraining year 2005 was 104.29 ("average" range), with posttraining scores in the "high average" range (112.46 in 2006, 111.67 in 2007, and 113.15 in 2008). An increase in EQ-i scores and EI training corresponded with an increase in patient satisfaction scores. Percentile rank patient satisfaction scores before EI training ranged from 85% to 90%; after training, scores ranged from 92% to 99%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional intelligence training positively influences patient satisfaction and may enhance medical education and health care outcome.
authors.affiliation: Counseling and Educational Support Services, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas2now with the Department of Student Affairs, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas4now with the Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weatherly
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas5now executive vice chancellor of the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Girod
authors.affiliation: Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas7now with the Cancer Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood.
authors.forename: Terry T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tsue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*