title: Bioactive coatings for orthopaedic implants-recent trends in development of implant coatings.
abstract: Joint replacement is a major orthopaedic procedure used to treat joint osteoarthritis. Aseptic loosening and infection are the two most significant causes of prosthetic implant failure. The ideal implant should be able to promote osteointegration, deter bacterial adhesion and minimize prosthetic infection. Recent developments in material science and cell biology have seen the development of new orthopaedic implant coatings to address these issues. Coatings consisting of bioceramics, extracellular matrix proteins, biological peptides or growth factors impart bioactivity and biocompatibility to the metallic surface of conventional orthopaedic prosthesis that promote bone ingrowth and differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts leading to enhanced osteointegration of the implant. Furthermore, coatings such as silver, nitric oxide, antibiotics, antiseptics and antimicrobial peptides with anti-microbial properties have also been developed, which show promise in reducing bacterial adhesion and prosthetic infections. This review summarizes some of the recent developments in coatings for orthopaedic implants.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne), Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia. billzhang11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bill G X
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne), Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia. damianem@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Damian E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), University of Wollongong, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. gwallace@uow.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gordon G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. milan.brandt@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne), Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia. sarcoma@bigpond.net.au.
authors.forename: Peter F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Choong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007595:Joint Prosthesis
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins