title: A 9-Year Prospective Case Series Using Multivariate Analyses to Identify Predictors of Early and Late Peri-Implant Bone Loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to identify predictors of early and late peri-implant bone loss following complete implant-supported rehabilitation using multivariate analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients (28 women, 22 men; mean age 58, range 35-76) in need of a complete implant-supported rehabilitation on five to eight implants were consecutively treated. Patients were reinvited for a clinical and radiographic examination after an average 9 years of function. Implant survival and peri-implant bone loss were considered the dependent variables. Multivariate analyses were adopted to identify predictors of early and late peri-implant bone loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 39 patients were examinated. Two implants failed after 4 years of function, resulting in an overall survival rate of 99.2%. After a mean follow-up of 9 years, mean bone loss of 1.68 mm (SD 2.08, range -1.05 to 10.95) was found. The abutment height was a significant predictor of early peri-implant bone loss (1 year) (p = .024), whereas smoking (p = .046) and history of periodontitis (p = .046) affected late peri-implant bone loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that initial bone remodeling was affected by soft tissue thickness as reflected by the height of the abutment, whereas smoking and history of periodontitis affected long-term peri-implant bone stability.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vervaeke
authors.affiliation: Center for Periodontology and Implantology Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collaert
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.|Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dental Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosyn
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.|Department of Prosthodontics, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Bruyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: bone loss; clinical research; edentulous mandible; edentulous maxilla; immediate loading; prospective