title: The Italian version of the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire: translation, validation, and reliability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a culturally adapted Italian version of the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ) Health Survey and to test its acceptability, reliability, and validity in patients with strabismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The English A&SQ was translated into Italian after established cross-cultural adaptation procedures. The questionnaire was administered to 99 consecutive outpatients with strabismus and 39 normal adults and readministered after 2 weeks to 15 randomly selected patients and 26 adults with normal vision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the participants had any problem in understanding the Italian A&SQ and 99% of the questionnaires were fully completed. The translated questionnaire has good discriminatory power between patients and healthy controls. Principal component analysis identified 7 factors, instead of the 6 in the original version. Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.64 to 0.77, and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.92 to 1 and was adequate for all scales. Correlations with other disease activity parameters were generally as expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Italian A&SQ, with modified scales as principal component analysis suggest, appears to be an acceptable, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in Italian patients with strabismus.
authors.affiliation: Strabismological Center, Bassano del Grappa , Italy and.
authors.forename: Giovanni Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pittino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adult strabismus; public health/policy/standards; quality of life