title: Effects of 3-aminobenzamide on ventricular function in infarct heart assessed by quantitative tissue velocity imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease is a common cardiovascular disease that often causes myocardial infarction (MI), which, after a certain period, can develop into congestive heart failure, resulting in high mortality and mortality rates. Overactivation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has recently been considered a final common effector in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to have a comprehensive understanding of the beneficial effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on postinfarct myocardial injuries by inhibiting PARP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat model of acute MI was established. Quantitative tissue velocity imaging technology in conjunction with conventional two-dimensional echocardiography and traditional pathological examinations was used to evaluate cardiac function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed detrimental alterations of cardiac morphology and function in MI hearts which were otherwise absent in sham-operated control rats. We found that 3-AB (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly restored MI-induced depression of the peak longitudinal systolic velocity in the left-ventricular anterior and lateral walls, and of the peak centripetal systolic velocity in the anterior septum, indicating that it improved the systolic function of the left ventricle. Administration of 3-AB significantly ameliorated MI-induced myocardial injuries as revealed by two-dimensional echocardiography, showing the improvement of multiple parameters including left-ventricular end-systolic diameter, left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter, end-diastolic volume, fractional shortening, left-ventricular ejection fraction, left-ventricular anterior wall end-diastolic thickness, and spherical index, indicating that it improved the overall cardiac structure and function. Additionally, 3-AB significantly reduced infarct size, MI-induced increase in left-ventricular mass, pathological score, and PARP overactivation. However, at the dosage tested in the present study, the improvement is in general moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of PARP may be an alternative approach for improving cardiac function in the setting of MI, and quantitative tissue velocity imaging, combined with two-dimensional echocardiography, provides a more comprehensive, quantitative, rapid, noninvasive evaluation of global and regional cardiac function in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yue-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xu-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C025160:3-aminobenzamide