title: The increased type-1 and type-2 chemokine levels in children with acute RSV infection alter the development of adaptive immune responses.
abstract: Severe RSV infections and frequent recurrence could be related to the altered polarization of type-2/type-1 T cells. This increases the importance of determining distinctive chemokines and chemokine receptor profiles on memory T cells. We analyzed systemic adaptive T cell response in the acute (n=17) and convalescent phase (n=7) of RSV-infected children, in the acute (n=11) and convalescent phase (n=6) of children with other viral respiratory infections (adenovirus and influenza virus), and in healthy children (n=18). Expression of CCR4 and CXCR3 on effector-memory (TEM) and central-memory (TCM) T cells was compared between tested groups. Serum concentrations of specific chemokines were determined. High CXCL10 levels were detected in acutely infected children regardless of virus pathogen, whereas increased CCL17 production was RSV-specific. Higher percentages of CCR4+ CD4 TEM cells in acute RSV infection were accompanied with higher percentages of CXCR3+ CD8 TEM cells, whereas the development of long-lived memory CXCR3+ CD4 and CD8 TCM cells seems to be compromised, as only children with other viral infections had higher percentages in the convalescent phase. Presence of type-2 and type-1 adaptive antiviral immune response, together with insufficient development of long-lived type-1 T cell memory, could play an important role in RSV pathogenesis and reinfection.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Valerija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vojvoda
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savić Mlakar
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jergović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierotti Street 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukuruzović
authors.affiliation: University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", Mirogojska 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Markovinović
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital "Dr. Josip Benčević", Andrije Štampara 42, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aberle
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Rockefellerova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rabatić
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ; National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Krešo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendelja
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D054414:Chemokine CCL17 / Q000097:blood*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D054398:Receptors, CCR4 / Q000097:blood*; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000097:blood*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C106230:CCL17 protein, human; C515354:CCR4 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3