title: Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal.
abstract: Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970-1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010-2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Prof García Gonzales s/n., 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9711-3711
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Prof García Gonzales s/n., 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Prof García Gonzales s/n., 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Argüelles
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal