title: The evolution of metabolic/bariatric surgery.
abstract: Metabolic surgery is defined as "the operative manipulation of a normal organ or organ system to achieve a biological result for a potential health gain." The evolution of metabolic/bariatric surgery can be viewed from several perspectives: (1) realization that bariatric surgery has always been and will always be metabolic surgery; (2) lessons to be learned from the six dominant procedures; (3) overview of the other operations that have been proposed; (4) discussion of mechanisms of action; (5) physiology of energy metabolism; and (6) introduction to the emerging concept of inflammation. This review will end with thoughts on the present and future outcomes from the knowledge we have gained from metabolic/bariatric surgery. The author concludes with the statement: Metabolic surgery is cognitive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 290, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA, buchw001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buchwald
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000266:history; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery