title: Graphene nanoarchitecture in batteries.
abstract: We compare three different carbon nanoarchitectures used to produce standard coin cell batteries: graphene monolayer, graphite paper and graphene foam. The batteries' electrochemical performances are characterised using cyclic voltammetry, constant-current discharge and dynamic galvanostatic techniques. Even though graphene is the fundamental building block of graphite its properties are intrinsically different when used in batteries because there is no ion intercalation in graphene. The nanoarchitecture of the graphene electrode is shown to have a strong influence over the battery's electrochemical performance. This provides a versatile way to design various battery electrodes on different demands.
authors.affiliation: Nokia R&D UK Ltd, Broers Building, 21 J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK. di.wei@nokia.com.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Astley
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ryhänen
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kivioja