title: Obesity and prognosis in chronic diseases--impact of cardiorespiratory fitness in the obesity paradox.
abstract: The effects of overweight and obesity on chronic diseases, particularly on cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its impact on increasing CVD risk factors and total CVD are reviewed. However despite the adverse effects of obesity on CVD risk factors and CVD, obesity has a surprising association with prognosis in patients with established diseases, often showing an "obesity paradox," [corrected] where overweight (body mass index (BMI), 25 to 29.9 kg·m(-2)) and obese patients (BMI, ≥30 kg·m(-2)) with established CVD frequently have a better prognosis than that of their leaner counterparts (BMI, <25 kg·m(-2)) with the same diseases. Fitness-versus-fatness debate is summarized also, including the critical role that fitness plays to alter the relationship between adiposity and subsequent prognosis.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA; 3Office of Energetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; 4Department of Health, Physical Education, and Sports Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC; and 5Department of Exercise Science and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: Alban De
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Schutter
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors