title: Behavior of tetracycline and sulfamethazine with corresponding resistance genes from swine wastewater in pilot-scale constructed wetlands.
abstract: Four pilot-scale constructed wetlands (free water surface, SF; horizontal subsurface flow, HSF; vertical subsurface flows with different water level, VSF-L and VSF-H) were operated to assess their ability to remove sulfamethazine (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC) from wastewaters, and to investigate the abundance level of corresponding resistance genes (sulI, sulII, tetM, tetW and tetO) in the CWs. The results indicated that CWs could significantly reduce the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater, and the mass removal rate range of SMZ and TC were respectively 11%-95% and 85%-95% in the four systems on the basis of hydraulic equilibrium; further relatively high removal rate was observed in VSF with low water level. Seasonal condition had a significant effect on SMZ removal in the CWs (especially SMZ in SF), but TC removal in VSFs were not considered to have statistically significant differences in winter and summer. At the end period, the relative abundances of target genes in the CWs showed obvious increases compared to initial levels, ranging from 2.98 × 10(-5) to 1.27 × 10(-1) for sul genes and 4.68 × 10(-6) to 1.54 × 10(-1) for tet genes after treatment, and those abundances showed close relation to both characteristic of wastewater and configuration of CWs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic address: lliu@iue.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Xiang
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Ge-Fu
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000032:analysis*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D013752:Tetracycline; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Antibiotics; Antibiotics resistance genes; Constructed wetland; Swine wastewater