title: Efficacy of swim-up versus density gradient centrifugation  in improving sperm deformity rate and DNA fragmentation index  in semen samples from teratozoospermic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of swim-up and DGC in improving sperm deformity and DNA fragmentation and to determine which method is better in teratozoospermic patients requiring artificial reproduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study compared the effects of swim-up and density gradient centrifugation (DGC), the two most commonly used semen preparation methods, on sperm deformity rate and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in semen samples from teratozoospermic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that both swim-up and DGC yielded a significantly lower sperm deformity rate and DFI in comparison to unprocessed whole semen, with DGC having more favorable results. Sperm deformity rate in unprocessed whole semen samples was significantly lower in the 20-29 age group than in the 40-49 age group, but no significant difference was observed in DFI between different age groups. There was no significant correlation between sperm deformity rate and DFI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that enrichment of sperm with normal morphology and intact DNA in teratozoospermic patients could be achieved by both DGC and swim-up procedures, and that DGC is a better method.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Wan-Shan
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Juan-Zi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Si-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wan-Qiu
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wen-Hao
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bao-Zhu
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities*