title: Outcome of early clinical trials of the combination of hydroxychloroquine with chemotherapy in cancer.
abstract: The premise of inhibiting autophagy to overcome resistance to chemotherapy has been investigated in 5 clinical phase I trials combining hydroxychloroquine with vorinostat, temsirolimus, temozolomide, or bortezomib. These studies have provided a number of insights relating to the tolerability of the combination treatments. In addition, these studies should provide guidance in the planning and design of future trials to directly determine whether the strategy of autophagy inhibition could prove useful in the treatment of various malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, VA USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poklepovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University; Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, VA USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gewirtz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine
keywords: autophagy; bortezomib; hydroxychloroquine; temozolomide; temsirolimus; vorinostat