title: Hookah use among U.S. high school seniors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevalence of hookah use is increasing significantly among adolescents. This study aimed to delineate demographic and socioeconomic correlates of hookah use among high school seniors in the United States. We hypothesized that more impoverished adolescents and those who smoked cigarettes would be more likely to use hookahs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were examined for 5540 high school seniors in Monitoring the Future (years 2010-2012), an annual nationally representative survey of high school students in the United States. Using data weights provided by Monitoring the Future, we used multivariable binary logistic regression to delineate correlates of hookah use in the last 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen percent of students reported hookah use in the past year. Compared with white students, black students were at lower odds for use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.27, P < .0001). High parent education increased the odds for use (AOR = 1.58, P < .001), and student weekly income from a job of >$50/week (AOR = 1.26, P < .05) or $11 to $50 per week from other sources (AOR = 1.35, P < .01) also increased odds for use. Males and urban students were also at higher odds for use, as were users of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit substances. Former cigarette smokers were at higher risk, and current smokers were at highest risk for use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents of higher socioeconomic status appear to be at particularly high risk for hookah use in the United States. Prevention efforts must target this group as prevalence continues to increase.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health, and joseph.palamar@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Palamar
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health, and.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weitzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: adolescents; hookah; socioeconomic status; tobacco