title: Design, testing and evaluation of angle-adjustable backrest hardware.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a final design prototype of angle-adjustable backrest hardware.
  
  
  METHODS
  A traditional iterative design development protocol was undertaken and completed. Before evaluation by a focus group, testing of the prototype was performed in strict accordance with ISO standards. Focus group participants were between 18 and 80 years of age, used a manual wheelchair as their primary means of mobility, and transferred independently. Individuals with pressure sores or who required of the use of specialized or custom seating for trunk support were excluded from the study. A questionnaire was administered to elicit participants' opinions on the adjustability, function and appearance of the angle-adjustable backrest device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prototype successfully met the ISO testing standards. Wheelchair users (n = 8) who evaluated the device in a focus group had an overall positive response. Things they most liked about the prototype were comfort, support (function/activities) and adjustability, while things they most disliked about the prototype were problems with string and reaching back position to adjust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prototype had a positive impression from participants, however, improvements on the operation method and usability were suggested. Implications for Rehabilitation The adjustable backrest is in need of development to provide function, comfort and support for manual wheelchair users. Manual wheelchair users will benefit by using the angle adjustment as they maintain their active lifestyles. Balance control while performing pressure relief in a wheelchair would be increased.
authors.affiliation: a Human Engineering Research Laboratories , VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA .|b Department of Rehabilitation Science & Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA , and.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: a Human Engineering Research Laboratories , VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA .|b Department of Rehabilitation Science & Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA , and.
authors.forename: Rory A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: a Human Engineering Research Laboratories , VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA .|b Department of Rehabilitation Science & Technology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA , and.
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.affiliation: c Accessible Designs, Inc. , San Antonio , Tx , USA.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hargroder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adjustment; ISO testing; backrest; design; focus group; wheelchair