title: Mechanisms and neuronal networks involved in reactive and proactive cognitive control of interference in working memory.
abstract: Cognitive control can be reactive or proactive in nature. Reactive control mechanisms, which support the resolution of interference, start after its onset. Conversely, proactive control involves the anticipation and prevention of interference prior to its occurrence. The interrelation of both types of cognitive control is currently under debate: Are they mediated by different neuronal networks? Or are there neuronal structures that have the potential to act in a proactive as well as in a reactive manner? This review illustrates the way in which integrating knowledge gathered from behavioral studies, functional imaging, and human electroencephalography proves useful in answering these questions. We focus on studies that investigate interference resolution at the level of working memory representations. In summary, different mechanisms are instrumental in supporting reactive and proactive control. Distinct neuronal networks are involved, though some brain regions, especially pre-SMA, possess functions that are relevant to both control modes. Therefore, activation of these brain areas could be observed in reactive, as well as proactive control, but at different times during information processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: kerstin.irlbacher@charite.de.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irlbacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kehrer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Decision making; Interference in working memory; Proactive cognitive control; Reactive cognitive control