title: Predicting the effects of environment and management on cotton fibre growth and quality: a functional-structural plant modelling approach.
abstract: In general, the quality of fruits depends on local conditions experienced by the fruit during its development. In cotton, fruit quality, and more specifically the quality of the fibre in the fruit, depends on interactions between fruit position in the plant architecture, temperature and agronomic practices, such as sowing time, mulching with plastic film and topping of the plant's main stem and branches. To quantify this response of cotton fibre quality to environment and management, we developed a simulation model of cotton growth and development, CottonXL. Simulation of cotton fibre quality (strength, length and micronaire) was implemented at the level of each individual fruit, in relation to thermal time (represented by physiological age of the fruit) and prevailing temperature during development of each fruit. Field experiments were conducted in China in 2007 to determine model parameters, and independent data on cotton fibre quality in three cotton producing regions in China were used for model validation. Simulated values for fibre quality closely corresponded to experimental data. Scenario studies simulating a range of management practices predicted that delaying topping times can significantly decrease fibre quality, while sowing date and film mulching had no significant effect. We conclude that CottonXL may be used to explore options for optimizing cotton fibre quality by matching cotton management to the environment, taking into account responses at the level of individual fruits. The model may be used at plant, crop and regional levels to address climate and land-use change scenarios.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuejiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China zhanglizhen@cau.edu.cn zhaoxh@cricaas.com.cn.
authors.forename: Lizhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jochem B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Shoujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuebiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Anyang, Henan, China zhanglizhen@cau.edu.cn zhaoxh@cricaas.com.cn.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wopke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Werf
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhaohu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum); fibre length; fibre strength; functional–structural plant model (FSPM); growth and development; micronaire; simulation model.