title: Comparison of long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention in patients living alone versus not living alone at the time of hospitalization.
abstract: Living alone was reported to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There are, however, limited data on the relation between living alone and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto (CREDO-Kyoto) AMI registry was a cohort study of patients with AMI enrolled in 26 hospitals in Japan from 2005 through 2007. For the current analysis, we included those patients who underwent PCI within 24 hours of symptom onset, and we assessed their living status to determine if living alone would be an independent prognostic risk factor. Among 4,109 patients eligible for the current analysis of 5,429 patients enrolled in the CREDO-Kyoto AMI registry, 515 patients (12.5%) were living alone at the time of hospital admission. The cumulative 5-year incidence of all-cause death was 18.3% in the living alone group and 20.1% in the not living alone group (log-rank p = 0.77). After adjusting for potential confounders, risk of the living alone group relative to the not living alone group for all-cause death was not significantly different (adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.02, p = 0.08). In a subgroup analysis stratified by age, the adjusted risk for all-cause death was also not different between the living alone group and the not living alone group both in the older population (aged ≥75 years) and the younger population (aged <75 years). In conclusion, living alone was not associated with higher long-term mortality in patients with AMI who underwent PCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakatsuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: hishiomi@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome