title: Botryococcus braunii cells: ultrasound-intensified outdoor cultivation integrated with in situ magnetic separation.
abstract: An integrated system combining ultrasound-intensified outdoor cultivation of Botryococcus braunii with in situ magnetic harvesting of the algal cells was developed. The algal cells were cultivated in 200 L plastic bag reactors, and seven five-minute ultrasonic treatments at a four-day interval using a fixed frequency of 40 kHz and a total power of 300 W improved algal cell biomass and hydrocarbon productivity. The algal cells were harvested using functional magnetic particles and a magnetic separator, and a recovery efficiency of 90% was obtained under continuous operation at a flow rate of 100mL/min using the in situ magnetic separation system. The overall production cost using the integrated system was US$ 25.14 per kilogram of B. braunii dry biomass. The system developed in this study provides a base for the industrial production of B. braunii.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Shi-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Stiles
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China. Electronic address: czliu@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chun-Zhao
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008280:Magnetics / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Botryococcus braunii; Hydrocarbon; Magnetic separation; Outdoor cultivation; Ultrasound stimulation