title: Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens.
abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract (SOPE) on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-day broilers (Ross-308) were randomly allocated to treatments varying in supplemental SOPE added in the drinking water. The experimental groups consisted of three treatments fed for 42 days as follows: a control treatment without feed extract, a treatment containing 1000 ppm of SOPE and a treatment containing 1250 ppm of SOPE. All treatments were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Broilers were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza (AI), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines. Antibody titer response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was higher in the group fed 1250 ppm of SOPE (P < 0.05) as well as for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Similarly, antibody titer responses to all vaccines were constantly elevated (P < 0.05) by SOPE enrichment in a dose-dependent manner. Relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius were unaffected by treatments. Dietary SOPE supplementation may improve the immune response and diseases resistance, indicating that it can constitute a useful additive in broiler feeding. Thus, supplying SOPE in rations may help to improve relative immune response in broiler chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pourhossein
authors.forename: Ali Ahmad Alaw
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Qotbi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seidavi
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laudadio
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Centoducati
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tufarelli
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Citrus sinensis; broiler; immune system; peel extract