title: Fluoroquinolone and macrolide co-resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter species: a 15-year study in Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: Fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics are generally considered as first-line drugs for the treatment of severe campylobacteriosis. This study was conducted to analyse the trend of erythromycin and ofloxacin resistance among Campylobacter spp. isolated from stool specimens over a period of 15 years (1992-2007) at The Aga Khan University clinical laboratory in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 83 396 stool specimens were processed, with a 14% isolation rate for enteric pathogens. The isolation rate of Campylobacter spp. was low during 1992-93 (6%-13%), peaked in 1996 (46%), then ranged from 20% to 40%. We report a rising trend in ofloxacin resistance, re-emergence of erythromycin resistance and indications of co-resistance to both drugs in clinical isolates of Campylobacter spp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zafar