title: Perioperative analgesia outcomes and strategies.
abstract: Despite an appreciation for many unwanted physiological effects from inadequate pain postoperative relief, moderate to severe postoperative pain remains commonplace. Though treatment options have evolved in recent years, including improvement in medications, multimodal regimens, and regional anesthetic techniques, including ultrasound and continuous catheters, outcomes data indicate that many of these strategies are associated with varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the importance of effective postoperative analgesia and both short- and long-term effects associated with inadequate management. A careful literature review of emphasizing treatment options and potential pathogenesis associated with these strategies is emphasized in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: amitprabhakar7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: kmancu@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.affiliation: Ochsner Clinic Foundation Anesthesiology Department, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. Electronic address: chowen@ochsner.org.
authors.forename: Christopher Paul
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: jonlissauer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lissauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: ckmerritt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: rurman@partners.org.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Urman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: alankaye44@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alan David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: acetaminophen; acute pain; multimodal analgesia; nonsteroidals; regional anesthesia