title: Anti-nephrotoxic activity of some medicinal plants from tribal rich pockets of Odisha.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gentamicin, a strong cationic drug accumulated at biological membranes causes net increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation leading to necrotic changes in renal tubles and consequently precipitates acute nephrotoxicity. Several phytoconstituents and plants extracts demonstrated significant anti-oxidant and cyto-protective activities. Vitex negundo Linn. (VN), Oroxylum indicum Vent. (OI) and Barringtonia acutangula Linn. (BA) are widely found throughout the Asian sub-continent including India, used extensively in different forms of Indian traditional medicine like Ayurveda and Unani.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Nephroprotective activity of extracts of VN roots, OI whole plant and BA leaves were investigated against experimentally induced acute nephrotoxicity [Gentamicin (i.p; 80mg/kg for 7 days)] in Wistar rats as test animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were treated with Cystone (5 mL/kg; p.o) taken as positive control and methanol-dichloromethane (1:1) extracts of VN, OI and BA (200 mg/kg; p.o) as test drugs for 7 days. Following the said treatments, biochemical parameters of urine (volume, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) and serum (urea, creatinine, albumin and total protein) were estimated. Renal anti-oxidant markers viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in renal tissue were assayed. Tissue sections of kidneys from different groups were made and histopathological features were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extracts of VN, OI and BA significantly attenuated the nephrotoxicity by elevation of body weight, CAT, GPx and SOD or lowering urine LDH and creatinine, serum urea; serum creatinine and LPO respectively. Histopathological score of VN, OI and BA treated groups were 1+, 2+ and 2+ respectively against 4+ of the toxic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggested the significant nephroprotection of VN roots followed by OI whole plant and BA leaves.
authors.affiliation: K.V. Virani Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Badhada, Savarkundla, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Satyaranjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bidyaniketan, Balighat, Puri, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Saumya Ranjan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pani
authors.affiliation: University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Sabuj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahoo
keywords: Gentamicin; Oroxylum indicum Vent. whole plants and Barringtonia acutangula Linn. leaves; Vitex negundo Linn. roots; nephroprotection