title: Expression profiles of histone lysine demethylases during cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) control the lineage commitments of stem cells. However, the KDMs involved in the determination of the cardiomyogenic lineage are not fully defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of KDMs during the cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro cardiac differentiation system of mESCs with Brachyury (a mesodermal specific marker) and Flk-1(+)/Cxcr4(+) (dual cell surface biomarkers) selection was used. The expression profiles of KDMs during differentiation were analyzed using Q-PCR. To understand the contributions of KDMs to cardiomyogenesis, the mESCs on differentiation d 3.5 were sorted by FACS into Brachyury(+) cells and Brachyury(-) cells, and mESCs on d 5.5 were sorted into Flk-1(+)/Cxcr4(+) and Flk-1(-)/Cxcr4(-) cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mESCs were differentiated into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes that were visible in embryoid bodies (EBs) on d 7. On d 12-14, all EBs developed spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes. Among the 16 KDMs examined, the expression levels of Phf8, Jarid1a, Jhdm1d, Utx, and Jmjd3 were increased by nearly 2-6-fold on d 14 compared with those on d 0. Brachyury(+) cells showed higher expression levels of Jmjd3, Jmjd2a and Jhdm1d than Brachyury(-) cells. A higher level of Jmjd3 was detected in Flk-1(+)/Cxcr4(+) cells, whereas the level of Jmjd2c was lower in both Brachyury(+) cells and Flk-1(+)/Cxcr4(+) cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KDMs may play important roles during cardiomyogenesis of mESCs. Our results provide a clue for further exploring the roles of KDMs in the cardiac lineage commitment of mESCs and the potential interference of cardiomyogenesis.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zhong-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ya-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Han-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Charlie Degui
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huang-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000098908:Brachyury Protein
chemical_list: D005326:Fetal Proteins; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098908:Brachyury Protein