title: An experimental model of myocardial infarction and controlled reperfusion using a miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Different revascularization strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) exist. It remains unclear whether ventricular unloading using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has an impact on early postischaemic ventricular function. Here, we report on the results of an approach using a miniaturized CPB in a well-established animal model of AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized fashion, 30 male Wistar rats were assigned to temporary left anterior descending (LAD) ligation (30 min) followed by 180 min of reperfusion either with or without 60 min of CPB (70 ml/min, 36°C). The CPB circuit consisted of a venous reservoir, a peristaltic roller pump and a membrane oxygenator with heat exchanger. Cardiac function was measured at 60 and 120 min after reperfusion (F60, F120) using a conductance catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality rate was 37% (11/30). Thus, 19 animals could be included into the analysis (8 CPB). The mean cardiac output did not differ between the groups at F60 [63 ± 29 vs 54 ± 25 ml/min (CPB), P = 0.56] and F120 [73 ± 27 vs 53 ± 24 ml/min (CPB), P = 0.21]. During reperfusion, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was stable in both the control (F60 37 ± 5% vs F120 33 ± 8%, P = 0.42) and the CPB groups (F60 52 ± 11% vs F120 51 ± 13%, P = 0.71). CPB animals had a significantly better LVEF after reperfusion (F60 P = 0.007, F120 P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this animal model of AMI, the establishment of CPB resulted in a significantly better LVEF in comparison with conventional reperfusion only. This beneficial effect may have an impact on revascularization strategies and timing in patients presenting with AMI in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peterss
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University of Technology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kellermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University of Technology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jungwirth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lichtinghagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany nawid.khaladj@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Nawid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khaladj
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D008297:Male; D008904:Miniaturization; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass; Controlled reperfusion; Extracorporeal life support; Myocardial infarction; Rat model; Ventricular unloading