title: Reversion by vitamin E treatment of the oxidative damage but not of the advancement in reproductive senescence produced by neonatal hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia in female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies address the long-term consequences of perinatal hypoxia (H), a frequent birth complication. Previously we described advanced reproductive senescence (premature loss of regular cyclicity) in female rats subjected to perinatal H or H plus unilateral ischemia (HI) associated with changes in the hypothalamic expression of estrogen and opioid receptors. Our aim is to explore whether hypothalamic inflammation and oxidative damage mediate these reproductive alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats were subjected on postnatal day (PND) 7 to H (6.5% O2 for 50 min) or HI (H + right carotid artery ligature) and inflammation/oxidative damage markers, such as iNOS, nNOS, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system expression, glial reaction and macrophage invasion in the medial basal hypothalamus-preoptic area (GFAP Western blot and immunohistochemistry, ED1 immunohistochemistry), were determined. The effect of antioxidant treatment with vitamin E (VE; 1.5 mg/rat on PND 4, 6 and 8) was also explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant cellular inflammatory reactions were observed although GFAP protein was significantly increased at early times after injury. Forty-eight hours after injury iNOS, nNOS and IGF-I mRNA decreased in the HI group, and nNOS in the H group. IGFBP-3 mRNA increased in HI rats at 48 h and 30 days, while it fell at 7 days postinjury in both groups. VE treatment prevented the effects of HI on oxidation/inflammation markers, but did not prevent the premature onset of reproductive senescence or the altered hormone receptors expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the oxidative and inflammatory damage caused by perinatal H or HI may not be responsible for the late-onset reproductive abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Reproducción y Lactancia, IMBECU-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ezquer
authors.forename: Susana R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seltzer
authors.forename: Graciela A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jahn
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D030762:Estrous Cycle; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006728:Hormones; D014810:Vitamin E