title: Preliminary radiographic outcomes of surgical correction in juvenile hallux valgus: single proximal, single distal versus double osteotomies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical correction of juvenile hallux valgus has a high risk of recurrence and complications. This short-term follow-up study evaluates the radiographic differences between 3 osteotomy types: distal first metatarsal osteotomy, proximal first metatarsal osteotomy, and double first metatarsal osteotomy with regard to ability to achieve correction and the risk of hallux varus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 106 feet were evaluated. Percent correction of hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) was recorded, as well as complication and reoperation rates. Radiographs were evaluated at the initial visit, intraoperatively, and at final follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The single distal osteotomy achieved: IMA within normal limits 21% of the time with no cases of overcorrection; HVA within normal limits 42% of the time with 13% overcorrected; and DMAA within normal limits 46% of the time with 4% overcorrected.The single proximal osteotomy achieved: IMA within normal limits 36% of the time with no cases of overcorrection; HVA within normal limits 36% of the time with no cases of overcorrection; and DMAA within normal limits 36% of the time with 7% overcorrected.The double osteotomy achieved: IMA within normal limits 54% of the time with no cases of overcorrection; HVA within normal limits 40% of the time with 7% overcorrected; and DMAA within normal limits 56% of the time with 22% overcorrected.The rate of HVA overcorrection was not found to be correlated with osteotomy type (P=0.37). The double osteotomy was found to have a higher DMAA overcorrection rate than either single osteotomy (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single distal osteotomy for juvenile hallux valgus seems to have the most consistent outcomes, with improved radiographic parameters and low risk of complication compared with the other surgical cohorts. However, the double osteotomy can have the best correction of all 3 radiographic parameters at once, but the highest risk for overcorrection of the DMAA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III-retrospective case control study.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital and Health Center †Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA ‡Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NB §North Jersey Pediatric Orthopedics, Ridgewood, NJ.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: Dorsey
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bomar
authors.forename: Avrum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mubarak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies