title: Recto sigmoid bladder reservoir for patients with exstrophy: three dimensional evaluation for outcome analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of recto sigmoid bladder reservoir (RSBR), a variant of ureterosigmoidostomy (US) in patients with bladder exstrophy (BE) using a three dimensional evaluation system.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a predominantly retrospective evaluation for all patients of BE undergoing RSBR who had completed minimum of 1 year follow-up. The patients were evaluated using a three dimensional system which included evaluation of urinary continence per rectally, status of upper tracts and health related quality of life (HRQOL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19 patients (four females) were evaluated. Mean age was 8.4 years, and mean duration of follow-up was 3.4 years. Mean age at RSBR was 5.1 years. Ten patients had good rectal continence. There was occasional minimal urine leak while passing flatus or on straining in nine. All patients had preserved renal function except one. The mean HRQOL score was 129.7 out of maximum of 150..
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RSBR gives marked improvement in quality of life in patients of BE. In the literature there is a non-uniformity in the results reporting outcome of US. The presented three dimensional assessment provides a comprehensive way to report the results in the short/long term. If used by other surgeons it would make comparison across centers feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Prakash
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kanojia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: klnrao@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: K L N
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Prema
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Jai K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samujh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bladder exstrophy; Health related; Quality of life; Ureterosigmoidostomy; Urinary diversion