title: Pharmacological approaches to coronary microvascular dysfunction.
abstract: In recent decades coronary microvascular dysfunction has been increasingly identified as a relevant contributor to several cardiovascular conditions. Indeed, coronary microvascular abnormalities have been recognized in patients suffering acute myocardial infarction, chronic stable angina and cardiomyopathies, and also in patients with hypertension, obesity and diabetes. In this review, we will examine pathophysiological information needed to understand pharmacological approaches to coronary microvascular dysfunction in these different clinical contexts. Well-established drugs and new pharmacological agents, including those for which only preclinical data are available, will be covered in detail.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacinta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guarini
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Alda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huqi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Doralisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrone
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capozza
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Todiere
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: mario.marzilli@med.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzilli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Cardiomyopathies; Coronary microvascular dysfunction; Diabetes; Ischemic heart disease; No-reflow; Reactive oxygen species