title: Concerns, challenges, and directions of development for the issue of representing uncertainty in risk assessment.
abstract: In the analysis of the risk associated to rare events that may lead to catastrophic consequences with large uncertainty, it is questionable that the knowledge and information available for the analysis can be reflected properly by probabilities. Approaches other than purely probabilistic have been suggested, for example, using interval probabilities, possibilistic measures, or qualitative methods. In this article, we look into the problem and identify a number of issues that are foundational for its treatment. The foundational issues addressed reflect on the position that "probability is perfect" and take into open consideration the need for an extended framework for risk assessment that reflects the separation that practically exists between analyst and decisionmaker.
authors.affiliation: University of Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flage
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aven
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zio
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baraldi
keywords: Decision making; epistemic uncertainty; representation; risk assessment