title: Secondary metabolite profiling of Curcuma species grown at different locations using GC/TOF and UPLC/Q-TOF MS.
abstract: Curcuma, a genus of rhizomatous herbaceous species, has been used as a spice, traditional medicine, and natural dye. In this study, the metabolite profile of Curcuma extracts was determined using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) to characterize differences between Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma longa grown on the Jeju-do or Jin-do islands, South Korea. Previous studies have performed primary metabolite profiling of Curcuma species grown in different regions using NMR-based metabolomics. This study focused on profiling of secondary metabolites from the hexane extract of Curcuma species. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) plots showed significant differences between the C. aromatica and C. longa metabolite profiles, whereas geographical location had little effect. A t-test was performed to identify statistically significant metabolites, such as terpenoids. Additionally, targeted profiling using UPLC/Q-TOF MS showed that the concentration of curcuminoids differed depending on the plant origin. Based on these results, a combination of GC- and LC-MS allowed us to analyze curcuminoids and terpenoids, the typical bioactive compounds of Curcuma, which can be used to discriminate Curcuma samples according to species or geographical origin.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea. lje3080@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jueun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea. jya0819@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Youngae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea. jhshin01@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jeoung-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea. hkkim@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Ho Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea. bcmoon@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Byeong Cheol
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. dhryt@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea. gshwang@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003474:Curcumin; C050229:demethoxycurcumin