title: Validation of the classification criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to validate the classification criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three centres were involved. New patients with CV (group A) and controls, i.e. subjects with serum cryoglobulins but lacking CV based on the gold standard of clinical judgment (group B) and subjects without cryoglobulins but with clinical features that can be observed in the course of CV (group C), were studied. Positivity of serum cryoglobulins was necessary for CV classification. Sensitivity and specificity of the criteria were calculated by comparing group A vs group B. The group A vs group C comparison was done to demonstrate the possible diagnostic utility of the criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 268 patients in group A, 182 controls in group B and 193 controls in group C (small vessel vasculitis, 51.8%). The questionnaire (at least 2/3 positive answers) showed 89.0% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity; the clinical item (at least 3/4 clinical involvement) showed 75.7% sensitivity and 89.0% specificity and the laboratory item (at least 2/3 laboratory data) showed 80.2% sensitivity and 62.4% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification criteria (at least 2/3 positive items) were 89.9% and 93.5%, respectively. The comparison of group A with group C demonstrated the clinical utility of the criteria in differentiating CV from CV mimickers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classification criteria for CV were validated in a second, large, international study confirming good sensitivity and specificity in a complex systemic disease.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quartuccio
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isola
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corazza
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos-Casals
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Retamozo
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Gaafar Mohamed
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ragab
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Mostafa Naguib
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zoheir
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Manal Abdel-Moneim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Menyawi
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Mohamed Nabil
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sansonno
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gremese
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzioufas
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voulgarelis
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scarpato
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pipitone
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvarani
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Loic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillevin
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Filippini
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saccardo
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fraticelli
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Matija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomsic
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavoni
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzaro
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pioltelli
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scaini
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Anna Linda
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zignego
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Clodoveo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietrogrande
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Faculty of Medicine, BeniSwafe University, BeniSwafe, Egypt, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Rheumatology Division, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Athens, Second Department of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Rheumatology Unit, M. Scarlato Hospital, Scafati, Salerno, Division of Rheumatology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Centre de Références Maladies Auto-Immunes, Service de Médecine Interne II, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France, Rheumatology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Internal Medicine Unit, Saronno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio, Saronno, Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Modena, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Internal Medicine, Donizetti Hospital, Monza, Italy, Osaka Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Japan, Nephrology Department, A.O. Spedali Civili, Brescia, Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Internal Medicine, Universit
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Vita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
keywords: classification; cryoglobulinaemia; hepatitis C; vasculitis