title: Cow's milk protein allergy: immunological response in children with cow's milk protein tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study changes in immunological responses in patients with CMPA during symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of cow's milk protein tolerance status.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 CMPA patients were enrolled and underwent diagnostic evaluation, including CM challenge test, skin prick test and specific IgE to CM. Blood samples were collected in two periods from those who became tolerant (n = 13) and those with persistent CMA (n = 14), in order to measure in vitro PBMC responses to cow's milk protein (IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-5), IgG4 to β-lactoglobulin, casein, BLG-IgG4/IgE ratio and the CAS-IgG4/IgE ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of CMPA patients in our study were male with a mean age at diagnosis of 8 months and mean age of onset of 3 months. The reaction time to CM ranged from within 7 minutes to within 14 days. Positive IgE-sensitization was defined as either a specific IgE to CM of more than 0.35 kUA/L (N=11) or SPTs positive for CM and/or fresh cow's milk (N=20). Forty-eight percent of the patients (n = 13) could tolerate CM by 13.38 months (8-19 months). Mean specific-IgE levels to CM were 4.1 kUA/L (range 0.35-14.3 kUA/L). Determination of the cytokine (IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-5) response to BLG revealed significantly higher IL-10 levels during the tolerance phase (212.93 vs 142.46 pg/ml, P = .011). There was a significant increase in BLG-IgG4 and the BLG-IgG4/IgE ratio in the tolerance phase when compared to the symptomatic phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-10, BLG-IgG4 and the BLG-IgG4/IgE ratio were higher in CMPA patients during the tolerance phase compared to the symptomatic phase.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy/Immunology/Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirasuda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sommanus
authors.forename: Saowanee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerddonfak
authors.forename: Wasu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamchaisatian
authors.forename: Soamarat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vilaiyuk
authors.forename: Cherapat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasisakulporn
authors.forename: Wanlapa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teawsomboonkit
authors.forename: Suwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benjaponpitak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E