title: The dose-response relationship between body mass index and the risk of incident stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease in a general japanese population: the Ibaraki prefectural health study (IPHS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a general Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 611 participants aged 40-79 years who completed health checkups in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, and were free of CKD in 1993 were followed-up through 2006. Stage ≥3 CKD was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) reported during at least 2 successive annual surveys or as treatment for kidney disease. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of stage ≥3 CKD relative to the BMI categories were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model, which was adjusted for possible confounders and mediators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 5 years, 19 384 participants (18.4%) developed stage ≥3 CKD. Compared to a BMI of 21.0-22.9 kg/m(2), elevated multivariable-adjusted HRs were observed among men with a BMI ≥23.0 kg/m(2) and women with a BMI ≥27.0 kg/m(2). Significant dose-response relationships between BMI and the incidence of stage ≥3 CKD were observed in both sexes (P for trend <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity was associated with the risk of developing stage ≥3 CKD among men and women.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sairenchi
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kiyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index