title: Aflatoxicosis chemoprevention by probiotic Lactobacillius and lack of effect on the major histocompatibility complex.
abstract: Turkeys are extremely sensitive to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which causes decreased growth, immunosuppression and liver necrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether probiotic Lactobacillus, shown to be protective in animal and clinical studies, would likewise confer protection in turkeys, which were treated for 11 days with either AFB1 (AFB; 1 ppm in diet), probiotic (PB; 1 × 10(11) CFU/ml; oral, daily), probiotic + AFB1 (PBAFB), or PBS control (CNTL). The AFB1 induced drop in body and liver weights were restored to normal in CNTL and PBAFB groups. Hepatotoxicity markers were not significantly reduced by probiotic treatment. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes BG1 and BG4, which are differentially expressed in liver and spleens, were not significantly affected by treatments. These data indicate modest protection, but the relatively high dietary AFB1 treatment, and the extreme sensitivity of this species may reveal limits of probiotic-based protection strategies.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Toxicology Program, and Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Miranda M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Kristelle M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El-Nezami
authors.affiliation: Graduate Toxicology Program, and Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffery R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Graduate Toxicology Program, and Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Kent M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Graduate Toxicology Program, and Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. Electronic address: roger@usu.edu.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Coulombe
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Aflatoxin; BG; Chemoprevention; Gene expression; MHC; Poultry; Probiotics; Toxicology; Turkeys