title: The effect of hydro alcoholic extract of seven plants on cariogenic bacteria--an in vitro evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the antibacterial effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Satureja hortensis, Rhus coriaria, Carum copticum, Mentha longifolia, Achillea millefolium against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus through two in vitro methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, hydro-alcoholic extracts have been prepared from the shoot of Salvia officinalis, Satureja hortensis, Mentha longifolia and Achillea millefolium, the seed of Pimpinella anisum and Carum copticum and the fruit of Rhus coriaria with maceration method. Their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus have been evaluated with broth macrodilution and agar diffusion methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Broth macrodilution method MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of Pimpinella anisum, Salvia officinalis, Mentha longifolia, Achillea millefolium, Satureja hortensis, Carum copticum and Rhus coriaria for Streptococcus mutans were respectively 12.5, 6.25, 12.5, 50, 50, 12.5 and 50 μg/ml, for Lactobacillus rhamnosus 12.5, 1.56, 3.12, 12.5, 6.25, 6.25 and 6.25 μg/ml and for Actinomyces viscosus 50, 12.5, 100, 50, 100, 25 and 25 μg/ml. In Agar diffusion method Pimpinella anisum, Salvia officinalis and Rhus coriaria against Streptococcus mutans, Pimpinella anisum, Carum copticum and Rhus coriaria against Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Mentha longifolia, Rhus coriaria and Carum copticum against Actinomyces viscosus had antibacterial effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All seven extracts had growth inhibitory effects on all three bacteria. Salvia officinalis had the greatest inhibitory effect on growth of all three bacteria. All of the extracts except Carum copticum had bactericidal effect in the range of concentration. By agar diffusion method Rhus coriaria had antibacterial effect against all three cariogenic bacteria.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kermanshah
authors.affiliation: Operative Department, School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Navab St., Tehran, Iran; Tel: 02155851151; e-mail: smhk58950@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sedighe Sadat Hashemi
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kamangar
authors.forename: Sakine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arami
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamalinegad
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirsalehian
authors.forename: Fereshte
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jabalameli
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad Kharazi
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fard