title: Validation and additional support for an experimental animal model of fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the current study, we have evaluated the intermittent cold stress (ICS) induction in mice, in order to validate and optimize its utility as a fibromyalgia-like model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four mice of 5-week old, female Swiss, weighing 18-22 g were used for the experiments. These mice were divided into three groups of eight animals per group [health control group (control), ICS group (ICS), and Gabapentin group (GBP)]. When in-vivo tests were completed, we proceeded to isolation and culture of peritoneal macrophages in order to determine the effects of the ICS on the release of proinflammatory mediators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that this model is suitable to induce mechanical allodynia, thermal allodynia, and hyperalgesia. It is also able to reproduce behavioral changes related to cognitive disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Besides, ICS model might increase the inflammatory response in LPS-macrophages stimulated from stressed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that ICS is a useful animal model to assess hypothesis about underlying mechanisms involved in the development of fibromyalgia as well as to evaluate possible future therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montserrat-de la Paz
authors.forename: M Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: García-Giménez
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ángel-Martín
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Arche
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines; D000818:Animals; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Animal model; Fibromyalgia; Hallodynia; Hyperalgesia; Pro-inflammatory markers