title: Azadirachta indica attenuates cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Azadirachta indica leaves against cisplatin (CP)-induced neurotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Wistar rats were treated with vehicle (control); a single intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg CP (CP group); neem leaves (orally 500 mg/kg) for 5 and 10 days, N5 and N10 groups, respectively; neem leaves (500 mg/kg) for 5 days after CP injection, collagenous protein nitrogen (CPN) group; neem leaves (500 mg/kg) for 5 days before CP injection, noncollagenous protein group and neem leaves in a dose of 500 mg/kg for 5 days before and after CP injection, noncollagenous protein nitrogen group. Rats were sacrificed 5 days after CP injection to determine neural lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. The neuronal antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in brain homogenates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CP injection increased LPO, NO levels and decreased GSH level, whereas neem reversed these effects. Morphological brain damage and apoptosis induction were apparent in the CP group. In the CPN group, the histological damage and apoptosis induction caused by CP was improved, whereas morphological findings of neem before and after CP injection implied a well preserved brain tissue. No changes, in biochemical parameters were observed with neem treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that methanolic extract of neem leaves may be of therapeutic benefit when used with CP.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Esmat
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Abdel Moneim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002945:Cisplatin; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Azadirachta indica; apoptosis; cisplatin; neurotoxicity; rats