title: Novel clinical and diagnostic aspects of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.
abstract: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are the serological hallmark of some idiopathic systemic vasculitides. Besides the investigation of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and constant effort for a standardized nomenclature and classification of the AAV, a main focus of research during the last few years has been to constantly improve the performance of enzyme immunoassays. With the latest so called third generation ELISA, this goal seemed to be fulfilled. The International Consensus Statement on Testing and Reporting of ANCA gave recommendations for standardized strategies for the serological diagnosis of ANCA. New developments now target the system immanent drawbacks of the respective diagnostic methods, be it the need for batching and the long time to result for ELISA, or the high likelihood of error and subjectivity of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Random access technology and multiplexing for solid phase assays as well as digital imaging for IIF are tools which may help to expedite and simplify routine diagnostics in the lab and in emergency settings. Recent findings indicate that PR3-ANCA have clinical utility beyond the diagnosis of AAV. PR3-ANCA can also serve as an aid for the differentiation between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CrD) and the stratification of UC patients. This review provides a detailed review of what is known about ANCA and highlights the latest research and state-of-the-art developments in this area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, INOVA Diagnostics Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte-Pelkum
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Virology Institute, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Via Pio II 3, 20153 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radice
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, INOVA Diagnostics Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA.
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Avenida Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lόpez Hoyos
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, INOVA Diagnostics Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2856-3617
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lakos
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, INOVA Diagnostics Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buchner
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, Hospital of Pitie-Salpêtriere, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musset
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Virology Institute, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Via Pio II 3, 20153 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyara
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4078-6111
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stinton
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, INOVA Diagnostics Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7919-0948
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahler
mesh_terms: D056648:Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D015415:Biomarkers