title: Stress-induced hyperalgesia.
abstract: The importance of the modulation of pain by emotion is now widely recognised. In particular, stress and anxiety, depending on their nature, duration and intensity, can exert potent, but complex, modulatory influences typified by either a reduction or exacerbation of the pain state. Exposure to either acute or chronic stress can increase pain responding under experimental conditions and exacerbate clinical pain disorders. There is evidence that exposure to chronic or repeated stress can produce maladaptive neurobiological changes in pathways associated with pain processing, resulting in stress-induced hyperalgesia (SIH). Preclinical studies of SIH are essential for our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning stress-related pain syndromes and for the identification of neural pathways and substrates, and the development of novel therapeutic agents for their clinical management. In this review, we describe clinical and pre-clinical models used to study SIH and discuss the neural substrates, neurotransmitters and neuromodulatory systems involved in this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: e.jennings4@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: bright.okine@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Bright N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Okine
authors.affiliation: NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: michelle.roche@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: david.finn@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Anxiety; Brain; Human; Pain; Rodent; Stress