title: An ex vivo model in human femoral heads for histopathological study and resonance frequency analysis of dental implant primary stability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to explore relationships of resonance frequency analysis (RFA)-assessed implant stability (ISQ values) with bone morphometric parameters and bone quality in an ex vivo model of dental implants placed in human femoral heads and to evaluate the usefulness of this model for dental implant studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This ex vivo study included femoral heads from 17 patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fracture due to osteoporosis (OP) (n = 7) or for total prosthesis joint replacement due to severe hip osteoarthrosis (OA) (n = 10). Sixty 4.5 × 13 mm Dentsply Astra implants were placed, followed by RFA. CD44 immunohistochemical analysis for osteocytes was also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, the analysis yielded significant effects of femoral head type (OA versus OA) (P < 0.001), but not of the implants (P = 0.455) or of the interaction of the two factors (P = 0.848). Bonferroni post hoc comparisons showed a lower mean ISQ for implants in decalcified (50.33 ± 2.92) heads than in fresh (66.93 ± 1.10) or fixated (70.77 ± 1.32) heads (both P < 0.001). The ISQ score (fresh) was significantly higher for those in OA (73.52 ± 1.92) versus OP (67.13 ± 1.09) heads. However, mixed linear analysis showed no significant association between ISQ scores and morphologic or histomorphometric results (P > 0.5 in all cases), and no significant differences in ISQ values were found as a function of the length or area of the cortical layer (both P > 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although RFA-determined ISQ values are not correlated with morphometric parameters, they can discriminate bone quality (OP versus OA). This ex vivo model is useful for dental implant studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, "San Cecilio" Clinical Hospital, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cortés
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8292-1927
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monje
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galindo-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ortega-Oller
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8293-2527
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, "San Cecilio" Clinical Hospital, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain ; Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, 18012 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9207-2287
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Valle
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D015519:Bone Density; D015921:Dental Implants; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants