title: Small heterodimer partner blocks cardiac hypertrophy by interfering with GATA6 signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that lacks a conventional DNA-binding domain. Through interactions with other transcription factors, SHP regulates diverse biological events, including glucose metabolism in liver. However, the role of SHP in adult heart diseases has not yet been demonstrated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the role of SHP in adult heart in association with cardiac hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The roles of SHP in cardiac hypertrophy were tested in primary cultured cardiomyocytes and in animal models. SHP-null mice showed a hypertrophic phenotype. Hypertrophic stresses repressed the expression of SHP, whereas forced expression of SHP blocked the development of hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. SHP reduced the protein amount of Gata6 and, by direct physical interaction with Gata6, interfered with the binding of Gata6 to GATA-binding elements in the promoter regions of natriuretic peptide precursor type A. Metformin, an antidiabetic agent, induced SHP and suppressed cardiac hypertrophy. The metformin-induced antihypertrophic effect was attenuated either by SHP small interfering RNA in cardiomyocytes or in SHP-null mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results establish SHP as a novel antihypertrophic regulator that acts by interfering with GATA6 signaling. SHP may participate in the metformin-induced antihypertrophic response.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Yoon Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Yoojung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Hosouk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Duk-Hwa
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Nakwon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Hyun-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Yong Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Hyung-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Don-Kyu
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Young Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Yong-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Kwang-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Hyoung Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Kyoungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: In-Kyu
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Chul-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Hueng-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.).
authors.forename: Gwang Hyeon
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation (Y.S.N., Y.K., H.J., D.-H.K., N.C., H.-K.M., G.H.E., H.K.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), and Anatomy (K.-I.N.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (H.C.C.); Departments of Internal Medicine (I.-K.L.), Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute (K.S.), and Ophthalmology (D.H.P.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Departments of Cardiology (Y.S.K., Y.A.) and Pediatrics (Y.K.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea (D.-K.K., H.-S.C.); and Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (Y.-H.K., C.-H.L.). kookhyun@chonnam.ac.kr innuendo@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005838:Genotype; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; C494759:GATA6 protein, human; C494760:Gata6 protein, mouse; C084364:Gata6 protein, rat; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C099713:nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D008687:Metformin
keywords: GATA6 transcription factor; hypertrophy; metformin; nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2; orphan nuclear receptors