title: Oxidative stress and histological changes in a model of retinal phototoxicity in rabbits.
abstract: Photochemical damage occurs after an exposure to high energy radiation within the visible spectrum of light, causing morphological changes in the retina and the formation of superoxide anion. In this study we created a model of phototoxicity in rabbits. Animals were exposed to a light source for 120 minutes and were sacrificed immediately or one week after exposure. Outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness measurements and photoreceptor counting were performed. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dihydroethidium was used to evaluate in situ generation of superoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in retinal homogenates as indicators of lipid peroxidation. The total antioxidant capacity and oxidative ratio were also determined. Retinas from rabbits exposed to light showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation than the unexposed animals and a decrease in outer nuclear layer and neurosensory retina thickness. Our study demonstrates that light damage produces an increase in retinal oxidative stress immediately after light exposure that decreases one week after exposure. However, some morphological alterations appear days after light exposure including apoptotic phenomena. This model may be useful in the future to study the protective effect of antioxidant substances or new intraocular lenses with yellow filters.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9375-4535
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saenz-de-Viteri
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Henar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heras-Mulero
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández-Robredo
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Recalde
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno-Orduña
authors.affiliation: Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008 Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 36 Pio XII Avenue, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Layana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013481:Superoxides