title: Allergic reactions to foods by inhalation in children.
abstract: This article focuses on hypersensitivity reactions after inhalation of food particles as primary cause for food allergy. This is an increasingly recognized problem in children. Reactions are commonly diagnosed in children who develop symptoms when the food is ingested. Some children tolerate the food when it is eaten but they experience reactions to airborne food particles such as peanut, cow's milk, and fish. The exposure can be trivial, as in mere smelling or being in the vicinity of the food. Usually, respiratory manifestations include rhinoconjunctivitis, coughing, wheezing, and asthma, but in some cases even anaphylaxis has been observed. Practical approaches concerning diagnosing clinical reactivity including skin tests, serum IgE antibodies, specific provocation tests, and management have been identified. Studies are warranted to establish the accuracy of diagnostic tests as well as incidence, prevalence, and natural history of food allergy through inhalation route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Pediatric Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pecoraro
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippelli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miraglia del Giudice
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marseglia
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salpietro
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arrigo
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stringari
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricò
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caffarelli
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D015994:Incidence; D001239:Inhalation; D015995:Prevalence