title: Half-Saline versus Combined Normal Saline and 1/3-2/3 Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Kidney Transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sufficient intravascular volume should be established for optimal graft function after renal transplantation. However, there is no recommendation for the type of fluid therapy post-operatively. We compared half-saline vs. normal saline and 1/3-2/3 intravenous fluid replacement after renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled all patients who underwent kidney transplantation between June 2008 and March 2010 in Golestan Hospital, Ahwaz, southwestern Iran. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using a blinded allocation technique. Group A patients (Case) received half saline, and group B patients (Control) received normal saline and 1/3-2/3 intravenous fluid. According to our protocol, we replaced as much as 100% of hourly urine output in the first day, followed by 90% and 70% of every 2-hour urine output in the 2nd and 3rd days, respectively. Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded hourly. Serum sodium, potassium, creatinine and pH were assessed twice a day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 34 and 36 eligible patients in the case and control groups, respectively. The mean±SD 6-hour urine output in the first 5 days after surgery was 2586±725 mL in the control group and 2764±758 mL in the case group (p=0.31). The mean±SD serum creatinine level at the end of the 5th post-operative day was 1.3±0.5 and 1.4±0.7 mg/dL in the case and control groups, respectively (p=0.56). Serum creatinine level did not reduce to 1.5 mg/dL or lower in 6 of 36 control subjects and in 4 of 34 cases at the end of the 5th day (p=0.558). The mean±SD time to creatinine level <1.5 mg/dL was 1.3±1 days in the control group and 1.7±0.8 days in the case group (p=0.635). Hyperkalemia occurred in 3 of 36 patients in the control group and in 2 of 34 patients in the case group (p=0.318). The incidence of hyponatremia in the control group was 11% (4 of 36 patients) vs no patients in the case group (p=0.115).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Either half-saline or normal saline and 1/3-2/3 intravenous solution can be safely used as fluid replacement therapy after kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine, Golestan Hospital.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feli
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Razi Hospital.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ehsanpour
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahbazian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayati
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Transplantation Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roozbeh
keywords: Intravenous fluid therapy; Renal function; Renal transplantation