title: Serotonin transporter gene alters insula activity to threat in social anxiety disorder.
abstract: Amygdala and insula hyper-reactivity to threat is implicated in social anxiety disorder (SAD) yet inconsistencies in activation have been reported. One source of variance are individual differences in 5-HTTLPR genotype where the short (S), relative to long (L) allele, corresponds with greater amygdala activation. However, the impact of genotype on insula to threat in SAD is not known. During functional MRI, 34 SAD patients and 28 healthy controls completed a perceptual assessment task comprising angry, fear, and happy faces. Results showed no diagnostic group differences in limbic/paralimbic regions but within SAD, greater insula, but not amygdala, activation to fearful faces was observed in patients with SS genotype compared with LaLa genotype. Findings indicate genotype influenced insula activation to threat in SAD.
authors.affiliation: aMood and Anxiety Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry bDepartment of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago cMental Health Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klumpp
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Stewart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shankman
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angstadt
authors.forename: K Luan
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Phan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins