title: Atrophic gastritis: a related factor for osteoporosis in elderly women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoporosis poses a great threat to the aging society. Hypochlorhydric or achlorhydric conditions are risk factors for osteoporosis. Atrophic gastritis also decreases gastric acid production; however, the role of atrophic gastritis as a related factor for osteoporosis is unclear. We investigated the relationship between atrophic gastritis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women over 60 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 401 postmenopausal women were included in this cross-sectional study, which was conducted during their medical check-ups. Bone mineral densitometry was measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Atrophic gastritis was defined endoscopically if gastric mucosa in the antrum and the body were found to be atrophied and thinned and submucosal vessels could be well visualized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of people with atrophic gastritis was higher in the osteoporotic group than in the group without osteoporosis. A linear relationship was observed in the proportion of atrophic gastritis according to the categories of normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (p for trend = 0.039) and femur (p for trend = 0.001). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of atrophic gastritis was associated with an increased odds of osteoporosis after adjusting for age, body mass index, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol consumption, and smoking status (odds ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.15-3.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atrophic gastritis is associated with an increased likelihood of osteoporosis in Korean elderly women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungdo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang Seon
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Duck
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of East Asian Languages, College of Language, Linguistic, and Literature, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Byung Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors