title: Effects of benzodiazepine on neuromuscular activity performance in archers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of benzodiazepine on shooting performance and its components in archers. In order to evaluate the possible effects of benzodiazepine, performance related parameters of body sway, mechanical clicker reaction time, aiming behavior and heart rate values were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 24 (10 females and 14 males) archers competing at international events and trained at least 4 years. Each archer was requested to perform under normal, placebo, and the influence of benzodiazepine (diazepam 5 mg, oral). Thus, each archer competed as control, placebo and benzodiazepine under double blind crossover design. The competition was especially designed to simulate competition environment by having archers shooting in doubles each time, on a specifically designed platforms. One platform was mounted on two force plates, where all the data related to shooting and body swaying was collected. The second platform was a dummy platform, to provide the second subject with similar feelings as the subject on the first platform. With this set of data collection, the archers were asked to compete 6 times each in changing rounds, where they had 24 shots in each competition. Repeated measure of ANOVA was used to compare the differences between control, placebo and benzodiazepine shots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that there was no difference in shooting scores, resting heart rate, shooting heart rate, aiming behavior (aiming displacement in x and y axis on the target), the amount of changes in the center of pressure both in terms of displacement and velocity (front and rear foot), clicker reaction time between control, placebo and 5 mg diazepam administration shots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the use of 5 mg diazepam has no effect on shooting performance and related parameters on archers in an artificially conducted competition environment.
authors.affiliation: Baskent University School of Health Sciences Sports Sciences Department, Ankara, Turkey and World Archery, Lausanne, Switzerland - ergen@medicine.ankara.edu.tr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ergen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Açikada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hazir
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Güner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çilli
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ergün Acar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D003975:Diazepam