title: The evaluation and management of persistent nocturia.
abstract: Nocturia, or waking at night to void, is a common symptom that leads to substantial morbidity. Men and women are both affected across a wide age range, such that the objective evaluation of nocturia remains a challenge, due largely to its multifactorial etiology. While for some patients, nocturia is caused by common structural conditions such as prostatic obstruction, for others it is due to a complex interplay between multiple underlying systemic diseases. For this reason, persistent nocturia merits particularly careful consideration. The purpose of this review is to describe the most recent salient research in the field of nocturia, with a particular emphasis on its evaluation and management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA, Dima.Raskolnikov@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Dima
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raskolnikov
authors.forename: Fara M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Dhanan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Etwaru
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053158:Nocturia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin