title: Maternal Genetic Variants of IL4/IL13 Pathway Genes on IgE With "Western or Eastern Environments/Lifestyles".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated maternal genetic effects of four IL-4/IL-13 pathway genes as well as their interactions with the "Western or Eastern lifestyles/environments" on IgE in Karelian children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 609 children and their mothers. Total IgE levels in children and mothers were measured and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-4, IL-4Ra, IL-13, and STAT6 were genotyped in mothers and their children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maternal G allele of IL-13 130 (rs20541) was significantly (P=0.001) associated with decreased IgE in children in the Karelian population (Pooling Finnish and Russian children), as well as in Finnish (P=0.030) and Russian children (P=0.018). The IgE levels were significantly (P=0.001) higher in Russian children whose mothers were homozygous for the G allele of the IL-4Ra 50 (rs1805010) SNP than that in Russian children of mothers who were AG heterozygotes or AA homozygotes. After accounting for children's genotypes, we observed interactive effects on children's IgE for maternal IL-13 130 genotypes (P=0.014) and maternal IL-4Ra 50 genotypes (P=0.0003) with "Western or Eastern" lifestyles/environments. With the adjustment for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05, the interactive effect of the maternal IL-4Ra50 SNP was significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal genetic variants in IL-4/IL-13 pathway genes, such as IL-13 130 and IL-4Ra50, influenced IgE levels in school children that were independent of the children's genetic effects. These effects differ in "Western or Eastern" environments.
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia. ; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Guicheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Siew-Kim
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Candelaria
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.affiliation: Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Hertzen
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laatikainen
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia. ; Genetic Services of WA, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.affiliation: Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haahtela
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: LeSouëf
keywords: Allergy; IL-13; IL-4; IgE; maternal genetic effects