title: Athermal bladder neck dissection during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With improved understanding of the precise anatomy, surgical techniques during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) have been refined, with the aim of improving functional outcomes without compromising oncological adequacy and results. Nevertheless, postoperative urinary incontinence remains a frustrating side-effect. Anatomically, bladder neck (BN) serves as an internal sphincter. The longitudinal fibres of BN may be identified and isolated with a meticulous dissection at the prostato-vesical junction, contributing to earlier return of urinary continence. The purpose of this video is to show an anatomical athermal dissection of BN during RARP.
  
  
  METHODS
  After incision of endopelvic fascia and anterior defatting, the morphology of prostate not only laterally, but also at the level of bladder-prostatic junction is well visualized. With an athermal dissection of the plane between prostate and bladder we can minimize the traumatic effects on the longitudinal fibres of BN. A cold section of the preserved BN permits the complete preservation of integrity of this sphincteric structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With this technique we preserve the longitudinal fibres of BN, allowing the sparing of the sphincteric mechanism of BN. The finding of a difficult athermal dissection of these plans may make you suspect the presence of an infiltration, suggesting to sacrifice BN in order to avoid a positive surgical margin. In our series no increase of PSM has been recorded using this technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This surgical technique preserving the natural BN mechanism appears to improve urinary continence, allowing at the same time an easy identification of a neoplastic infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Moro
mesh_terms: D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*