title: Is nectar reabsorption restricted by the stalk cells of floral and extrafloral nectary trichomes?
abstract: Reabsorption is a phase of nectar dynamics that occurs concurrently with secretion; it has been described in floral nectaries that exude nectar through stomata or unicellular trichomes, but has not yet been recorded in extrafloral glands. Apparently, nectar reabsorption does not occur in multicellular secretory trichomes (MST) due to the presence of lipophilic impregnations - which resemble Casparian strips - in the anticlinal walls of the stalk cells. It has been assumed that these impregnations restrict solute movement within MST to occur unidirectionally and exclusively by the symplast, thereby preventing nectar reflux toward the underlying nectary tissues. We hypothesised that reabsorption is absent in nectaries possessing MST. The fluorochrome lucifer yellow (LYCH) was applied to standing nectar of two floral and extrafloral glands of distantly related species, and then emission spectra from nectary sections were systematically analysed using confocal microscopy. Passive uptake of LYCH via the stalk cells to the nectary tissues occurred in all MST examined. Moreover, we present evidence of nectar reabsorption in extrafloral nectaries, demonstrating that LYCH passed the stalk cells of MST, although it did not reach the deepest nectary tissues. Identical (control) experiments performed with neutral red (NR) demonstrated no uptake of this stain by actively secreting MST, whereas diffusion of NR did occur in plasmolysed MST of floral nectaries at the post-secretory phase, indicating that nectar reabsorption by MST is governed by stalk cell physiology. Interestingly, non-secretory trichomes failed to reabsorb nectar. The role of various nectary components is discussed in relation to the control of nectar reabsorption by secretory trichomes.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardoso-Gustavson
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009499:Neutral Red; D057048:Plant Nectar / Q000378:metabolism*; D064201:Trichomes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D057048:Plant Nectar; D009499:Neutral Red; C017475:lucifer yellow
keywords: Centranthus ruber; Gossypium hirsutum; Hibiscus sinensis; Vicia faba; extrafloral nectaries; floral nectaries; lucifer yellow CH; neutral red; reabsorption