title: Volume of training and the ranking level are associated with the leakage of urine in young female trampolinists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate in young nulliparous female trampolinists the hypothetical associations between the level of athletic performance and the volume of training with urine leakage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Professional trampolinists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two female athletes participating in a trampoline national championship were included in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The associations for player-related performance variables were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis H test verified the differences between the tertiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate of urinary incontinence (UI) among young athletes and the relationship with the athletic performance. Screening was performed through a questionnaire. This included the demographic sample characterization, the assessment of training volume, and the athletes' ranking in the championship. Additionally, it included the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) to assess the leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 72.7% of the participants reported that they experienced urine leakage during trampoline practice and described that the episodes of leakage started after the beginning of the trampoline. Significant associations between the athletic performance and the training volume were observed with the severity of incontinence. Dividing the sample in tertiles of training volume, it was observed that the third tertile was the one with greatest impact of incontinence on their quality of life (ICIQ score).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm a high frequency of UI in young trampolinists and reveal a clear identification of the athletes' ranking and the training volume as risk factors to develop and worsen urine loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Special attention from team physicians and trainers is required for this athletes' problem that is often hidden by shame. In addition, female athletes practicing high-impact sports should be informed about the risk to develop pelvic floor muscles dysfunction and should be encouraged to seek help from health professionals to minimize or even eliminate the urine incontinence.
authors.affiliation: *IDMEC, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; †Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ‡Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João-EPE, Porto, Portugal; and §Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar de São João-EPE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Thuane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Da Roza
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.forename: Renato Natal
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: José Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059952:Pelvic Floor Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult