title: Simultaneous transcatheter treatment of perimembranous ventricular septal defect and other congenital cardiopathies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of simultaneous transcatheter corrections of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) and other congenital cardiopathies.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2004 to 2012, 56 patients (25 male, 31 female), aged 14.2±10.1, with compound congenital cardiovascular abnormalities underwent simultaneous transcatheter interventional procedure. Of the 56 patients, 32 had VSD and atrial septal defects (ASD); 17 had VSD and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA); and seven had VSD and pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) was performed before the closure of VSD, PDA, or ASD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined transcatheter interventional procedure was successfully performed in all patients. Among these, two occluders were implanted in each of 49 patients, seven patients with VSD combined with PS underwent successfully balloon valvuloplasty and VSD closure. The size of VSD, ASD and PDA detected by TTE was 4.8±1.7 mm, 9.0±5.0 mm and 4.5±2.5 mm, respectively. The occluder diameter of VSD, ASD and PDA was 7.6±2.2 mm, 14.3±6.2 mm and 7.9±3.2 mm, respectively. The peak-to-peak transpulmonary gradient decreased from 60.4±19.7 mmHg to 15.0±5.0 mmHg (p<0.001) in seven patients with VSD combined with PS. One patient with VSD and ASD had a permanent pacemaker implanted because of third-degree atrioventricular block two months after the procedure. There were not serious adverse events in relation to the combined procedures during the 23.8±20.7 months of follow-up in other 55 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous treatment of VSD and other congenital cardiopathies using transcatheter-based procedures is safe and effective, which can provide satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Su-Xuan
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China. Electronic address: xianxianz2010@163.com.
authors.forename: Xian-Xian
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China. Electronic address: qywsmmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D063126:Balloon Valvuloplasty; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Compound cardiopathies; Congenital heart disease; Transcatheter; Transthoracic echocardiograms; Ventricular septal defect