title: A new phantom and empirical formula for apparent diffusion coefficient measurement by a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner.
abstract: The aim of this study was to create a new phantom for a 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device for the calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and to mimic the ADC values of normal and tumor tissues at various temperatures, including the physiological body temperature of 37°C. The phantom was produced using several concentrations of sucrose from 0 to 1.2 M, and the DWI was performed using various phantom temperatures. The accurate ADC values were calculated using the DWIs of the phantoms, and an empirical formula was developed to calculate the ADC values of the phantoms from an arbitrary sucrose concentration and arbitrary phantom temperature. The empirical formula was able to produce ADC values ranging between 0.33 and 3.02×10-3mm2/sec, which covered the range of ADC values of the human body that have been measured clinically by 3T MRI in previous studies. The phantom and empirical formula developed in this study may be available to mimic the ADC values of the clinical human lesion by 3T MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.affiliation: Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan ; Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Asaumi
keywords: 3 Tesla; apparent diffusion coefficient value; diffusion-weighted imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; phantom; sucrose