title: An Evidence-Based Multidisciplinary Practice Guideline to Reduce the Workload due to Lifting for Preventing Work-Related Low Back Pain.
abstract: We developed an evidence-based practice guideline to support occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals in assessing the risk due to lifting and in selecting effective preventive measures for low back pain (LBP) in the Netherlands. The guideline was developed at the request of the Dutch government by a project team of experts and OSH professionals in lifting and work-related LBP. The recommendations for risk assessment were based on the quality of instruments to assess the risk on LBP due to lifting. Recommendations for interventions were based on a systematic review of the effects of worker- and work directed interventions to reduce back load due to lifting. The quality of the evidence was rated as strong (A), moderate (B), limited (C) or based on consensus (D). Finally, eight experts and twenty-four OSH professionals commented on and evaluated the content and the feasibility of the preliminary guideline. For risk assessment we recommend loads heavier than 25 kg always to be considered a risk for LBP while loads less than 3 kg do not pose a risk. For loads between 3-25 kg, risk assessment shall be performed using the Manual handling Assessment Charts (MAC)-Tool or National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation. Effective work oriented interventions are patient lifting devices (Level A) and lifting devices for goods (Level C), optimizing working height (Level A) and reducing load mass (Level C). Ineffective work oriented preventive measures are regulations to ban lifting without proper alternatives (Level D). We do not recommend worker-oriented interventions but consider personal lift assist devices as promising (Level C). Ineffective worker-oriented preventive measures are training in lifting technique (Level A), use of back-belts (Level A) and pre-employment medical examinations (Level A). This multidisciplinary evidence-based practice guideline gives clear criteria whether an employee is at risk for LBP while lifting and provides an easy-reference for (in)effective risk reduction measures based on scientific evidence, experience, and consensus among OSH experts and practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P Paul Fm
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kuijer
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence, the Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine (NVAB), Utrecht, the Netherlands ; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jos Ham
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam School of Health Professions, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence, the Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine (NVAB), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo Am
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Elders
authors.affiliation: Dutch Society of Safety Science, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Roden
authors.affiliation: Professional Association of Work and Organizational Experts, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion Er
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Van den Wittenboer
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence, the Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine (NVAB), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lebbink
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burdorf
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Centre of Excellence, the Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine (NVAB), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carel Tj
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hulshof
keywords: Back pain; Interventions; Lifting; Occupational health care; Practice guideline; Prevention; Surveillance