title: Detection of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in porcine tissues by in situ hybridization using multi-strained pooled probes.
abstract: Porcine torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) has been suggested as a co-factor for the development of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. However, the pathogenic role of TTSuV is still inconclusive, and the target cell and tissue tropism of this virus are also ambiguous. In the present study, a multi-strained pooled probe-based in situ hybridization was established to detect the nucleic acids of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 in the tissue. The strategy of using polymerase chain reaction-derived digoxigenin-labeled multi-strained pooled probe, instead of single-strained probe or oligonucleotide, was to overcome the fact of high sequence diversity among TTSuV strains and simultaneous infection with distinct strains of TTSuV in the same animal. The cell tropism and tissue distribution were evaluated by grading system with tissues from major organs. Lymphoid tissues, including superficial inguinal, mesenteric, and hilar lymph nodes, tonsil, intestinal lamina propria of mucosa and Peyer's patches, and sometimes spleen, generally contained higher levels of positive signals and are considered as the target sites for TTSuV. Morphologically, the distribution of TTSuV-positive signals had a strong correlation with the T lymphocyte zone. T lymphocytes are, thus, speculated as the major target cells for TTSuV.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chian-Ren
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: pang@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Victor Fei
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: In situ hybridization (ISH); Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD); Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1); Torque teno sus virus 2 (TTSuV2)