title: Action inhibition in Tourette syndrome.
abstract: Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by tics. Tic generation is often linked to dysfunction of inhibitory brain networks. Some previous behavioral studies found deficiencies in inhibitory motor control in Tourette syndrome, but others suggested normal or even better-than-normal performance. Furthermore, neural correlates of action inhibition in these patients are poorly understood. We performed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during a stop-signal reaction-time task in 14 uncomplicated adult Tourette patients and 15 healthy controls. In patients, we correlated activations in stop-signal reaction-time task with their individual motor tic frequency. Task performance was similar in both groups. Activation of dorsal premotor cortex was stronger in the StopSuccess than in the Go condition in healthy controls. This pattern was reversed in Tourette patients. A significant positive correlation was present between motor tic frequency and activations in the supplementary motor area during StopSuccess versus Go in patients. Inhibitory brain networks differ between healthy controls and Tourette patients. In the latter the supplementary motor area is probably a key relay of inhibitory processes mediating both suppression of tics and inhibition of voluntary action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganos
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: Odette
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schunke
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feldheim
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerloff
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roessner
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bäumer
authors.forename: Götz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomalla
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haggard
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Münchau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; dorsal premotor cortex; motor inhibition; supplementary motor area