title: Isolated system towards a successful radiotherapy treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Establishment of the specifications and standards for successful radiotherapy treatments through identifying three objectives: administering the appropriate low-waste dose, developing dose-delivery skills and monitoring an earlier response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The appropriate low-waste dose is administered via the work-energy principle, considering the interaction between the drug and the tumor as an isolated system. Then, chelated with any compound that could form a lipid-soluble complex with the radioactive metal ions, it is injected directly into the tumor via a multihole needle to improve the distribution of the injectate solution. This can be detected by monitoring the tumor response through newer imaging techniques that combine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) with CT, so that nonresponding tumors can be identified early to modify the administered dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of estimating the initial effective radioactive dose depends on the equivalence of the growth energy of the tumor estimated from the CT scan and the decay energy of the effective radioactive dose. Besides earlier or more accurate assessment of the tumor response by PET with the glucose analogue (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), this contributes to the most safe and low-cost successful treatment. This approach assessed the therapeutic significance of lipid-soluble compounds with the radioactive metal ions in protecting system isolation, which plays a major role in targeted tumor therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment success shows that the three identified objectives are completely dependent objectives. It should also be taken into consideration that radionuclide decay-generated Auger electrons may be more effective in very small tumors to avoid a cross dose.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; 217 al Hegaz Street, Alnozha, 11351 Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moawad
keywords: Emad; Growth energy; Isolated radiotherapy; Work-energy principle