title: Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the risk factors associated with cerebrovascular stiffness in hypertensive patients, especially elderly males.
abstract: Hyperhomocystemia has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease, especially stroke. The resistive index (RI) estimated by carotid ultrasound is an established variable for estimating the risk of cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine concentration and carotid RI, a marker of cerebral vascular resistance in essential hypertensive patients. We measured serum total homocysteine and carotid RI in 261 patients. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association of homocysteine with carotid RI and intima media thickness (IMT). Age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), homocysteine, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid, CRP, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of antihypertensive agents were included as independent variables. Age, sex, use of antihypertensive agents, HDL-C and homocysteine levels were shown to be significant predictors of carotid RI, but not IMT. Multiple regression analysis in men older than 65 years showed homocysteine and SBP were associated significantly with carotid RI. In elderly male patients, homocysteine was the strongest predictor of carotid RI (B = 0.0068, CI = 0.0017-0.0120, P = 0.011) in the multivariate model. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with carotid RI, a surrogate marker of cerebral vascular resistance, especially in elderly men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irita
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukida
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Zouwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Jitsuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006710:Homocysteine; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014527:Uric Acid; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human