title: Southern Annular Mode-like changes in southwestern Patagonia at centennial timescales over the last three millennia.
abstract: Late twentieth-century instrumental records reveal a persistent southward shift of the Southern Westerly Winds during austral summer and autumn associated with a positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and contemporaneous with glacial recession, steady increases in atmospheric temperatures and CO2 concentrations at a global scale. However, despite the clear importance of the SAM in the modern/future climate, very little is known regarding its behaviour during pre-Industrial times. Here we present a stratigraphic record from Lago Cipreses (51°S), southwestern Patagonia, that reveals recurrent ~200-year long dry/warm phases over the last three millennia, which we interpret as positive SAM-like states. These correspond in timing with the Industrial revolution, the Mediaeval Climate Anomaly, the Roman and Late Bronze Age Warm Periods and alternate with cold/wet multi-centennial phases in European palaeoclimate records. We conclude that SAM-like changes at centennial timescales in southwestern Patagonia represent in-phase interhemispheric coupling of palaeoclimate over the last 3,000 years through atmospheric teleconnections.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ecological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile [2] Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile [3] Center for Climate Research and Resilience, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile [4].
authors.forename: Patricio I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: 1] CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Sección Palinología del Cuaternario, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina [2].
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile [2] Center for Climate Research and Resilience, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile [3] GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas 621-0427, Chile.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villa-Martínez
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Climate Research and Resilience, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile [2] Department of Geophysics, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Garreaud
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Climate Research and Resilience, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile [2] Department of Geophysics, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Climate Research and Resilience, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile [2] Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Pol-Holz