title: Psychotropic substances in indoor environments.
abstract: The presence of drugs in outdoor air has been established, but few investigations have been conducted indoors. This study focused on psychotropic substances (PSs) at three schools, four homes and one office in Rome, Italy. The indoor drug concentrations and the relationships with the outdoor atmosphere were investigated. The optimised monitoring procedure allowed for the determination of cocaine, cannabinoids and particulate fractions of nicotine and caffeine. In-field experiments were performed during the winter, spring and summer seasons. Psychotropic substances were observed in all indoor locations. The indoor concentrations often exceeded those recorded both outdoors at the same sites and at the atmospheric pollution control network stations, indicating that the drugs were released into the air at the inside sites or were more persistent. During winter, the relative concentrations of cannabinol, cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol depended on site and indoor/outdoor location at the site.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Monterotondo Stazione, RM, Italy. Electronic address: cecinato@iia.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cecinato
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Monterotondo Stazione, RM, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Monterotondo Stazione, RM, Italy.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perilli
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Monterotondo Stazione, RM, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patriarca
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Monterotondo Stazione, RM, Italy.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balducci
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D012384:Rome; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Airborne particulate; Cannabis; Cocaine; Illicit drugs; Indoor environments; Psychotropic substances