title: Different Risk Factors Between Disruptive Behavior Disorders and ADHD in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine different risk factors between disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and ADHD or combined DBD and ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Psychiatric diagnoses were defined from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview. The study sample was divided into four groups-people with DBD ( n = 44), with ADHD ( n = 91), with both ( n = 72), and without either ( n = 250)-to evaluate the different risk factors behind these disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting with possible confounding factors, female gender and paternal admittance to inpatient psychiatric care increased the odds that an adolescent was having DBD. Childhood hyperactivity symptoms increased the odds of having ADHD and childhood hyperactivity symptoms and scholastic impairment increased the odds of having both disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates DBD and ADHD have clearly different risk factors, and the impact of the paternal factors on DBD should be noted more than has been before.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.|2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, University and University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hurtig
authors.affiliation: 3 Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.|4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: 5 School of Criminology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: 6 Centre for Arctic Medicine, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rautio
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, University and University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.|7 Primary Health Care Unit, University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taanila
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, University and University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebeling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: ADHD; comorbidity; conduct disorder; disruptive behavioral disorder; oppositional defiant disorder