title: Choline requirements of male White Pekin ducks from 21 to 42 d of age.
abstract: 1. A dose-response experiment with 6 dietary choline concentrations (0, 342, 779, 1285, 1662 and 1962 mg/kg) was conducted with male White Pekin ducks to estimate the choline requirement from 21 to 42 d of age. 2. Ninety 21-d-old male White Pekin ducks were allotted to 6 dietary treatments, each containing 5 replicate pens with three birds per pen. At 42 d of age, final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed/gain were measured. Liver was collected to determine total liver lipid, triglyceride and phospholipids. 3. Significant positive effects of dietary choline on final weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed. In addition, dietary choline supplementation significantly decreased liver lipid and triglyceride content and increased liver phospholipids of Pekin ducks. 4. According to broken-line regression analysis, the choline requirements of male White Pekin ducks from 21 to 42 d of age for weight gain, feed intake and total liver lipid were 980, 950 and 1130 mg/kg. Pekin ducks needed more choline to prevent excess liver lipid deposition than to maintain growth.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Animal Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China.
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004372:Ducks / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002794:Choline