title: Social pharmacology: expanding horizons.
abstract: In the current modern and global society, social changes are in constant evolution due to scientific progress (technology, culture, customs, and hygiene) and produce the freedom in individuals to take decisions by themselves or with their doctors toward drug consumption. In the arena of marketed drug products which includes society, individual, administration, and pharmaceutical industry, the young discipline emerged is social pharmacology or sociopharmacology. This science arises from clinical pharmacology, and deals with different parameters, which are important in creating knowledge on marketed drugs. However, the scope of "social pharmacology" is not covered by the so-called "Phase IV" alone, but it is the science that handles the postmarketing knowledge of drugs. The social pharmacology studies the "life cycle" of any marketed pharmaceutical product in the social terrain, and evaluates the effects of the real environment under circumstances totally different in the drug development process. Therefore, there are far-reaching horizons, plural, and shared predictions among health professionals and other, for beneficial use of a drug, toward maximizing the benefits of therapy, while minimizing negative social consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Rituparna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Alcalá, E 28771 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alloza
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D010601:Pharmacology, Clinical; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D066252:Sociological Factors
keywords: Clinical pharmacology; Phase IV; drug abuse; post marketing period; sociopharmacology