title: Review: three synthesis methods of CdX (X = Se, S or Te) quantum dots.
abstract: Quantum dots (QDs) are one of the first nanotechnologies to be integrated with the biological sciences that used for imaging or tracking macromolecules/cells in cell/tissue. Because of QDs are important in biomedical and biological applications, identify a variety of synthesis methods to produce QDs with different characteristics also is particularly important. Hence, in this review the authors discussed three methods for synthesis of heavy metal chalcogenide-based QDs for use in biomedical field: (i) Organometallic method for synthesis of QDs consists of three components: precursors, organic surfactants and solvents. The authors also discussed water-solubilisation strategies of synthesised QDs including encapsulation and ligand exchange. (ii) Aqueous synthesis technique using short-chain thiols as stabilising agents is a useful alternative to organometallic synthesis of CdSe, CdS and CdTe QDs. (iii) The third method discussed in this article for QDs synthesis involves the utilise of microorganisms to prepare QDs with controlled size, shape, chemical composition and functionality. The authors also discussed recently new methods for the synthesis of the appropriate QDs for use in biology. In addition, attachment of biomolecules such as antibodies, oligonucleotides on the surface of QDs for specific targeting and different opinions about toxicity of QD have been studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mussa Farkhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran. a.valizadeh_medicalnano@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
mesh_terms: D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D018011:Chalcogens / Q000737:chemistry; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010777:Photochemistry; D017785:Photons; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D012666:Semiconductors; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013440:Sulfides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013691:Tellurium; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D018011:Chalcogens; D003102:Colloids; D010455:Peptides; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D012997:Solvents; D013440:Sulfides; C034939:cadmium sulfide; D014867:Water; C058667:cadmium selenide; D013691:Tellurium; C028337:cadmium telluride