title: Hemiplegic shoulder pain: associated factors and rehabilitation outcomes of hemiplegic patients with and without shoulder pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the incidence of and the factors associated with shoulder pain in people with hemiplegia and to understand the effect of rehabilitation programs on the parameters of motor function and activity limitations in patients with and without hemiplegic shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in the initial 6-month period after stroke who were hospitalized in the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic were included in the study. Patients were considered early rehabilitation entrants if they were admitted in the first 0 to 30 days after a stroke and late rehabilitation entrants if they were admitted 30 to 120 days after a stroke. Demographic and clinical features, complications, and medical histories of the patients were recorded. Upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA), Frenchay Arm Test (FAT), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were applied to the patients on admission, at discharge, and after 1 month of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one (38%) patients did not have shoulder pain, and 34 (62%) patients had decreased shoulder pain. Immobilization, duration of disease, and late rehabilitation were shown to be effective treatments for shoulder pain. The major risk factors were disease duration and poor initial motor function. In both groups, the FMA, FAT, and FIM scores showed significant changes. This improvement did not differ between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration of disease and low motor functional capacities have the most important impact on shoulder pain. In patients with and without shoulder pain, a systematic rehabilitation program is beneficial with respect to motor function and daily living activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur Zeliha
authors.initials: OZ
authors.lastname: Karaahmet
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eksioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gurcay
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pınar Bora
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Karsli
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tamkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ajda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cakcı
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: hemiplegic shoulder pain; stroke rehabilitation