title: Implant angulation: 2-year retrospective analysis on the influence of dental implant angle insertion on marginal bone resorption in maxillary and mandibular osseous onlay grafts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of correlations between marginal peri-implant linear bone loss and the angulation of implants in maxillary and mandibular augmented areas over the course of a 2-year survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dependent variables described the sample of the present retrospective chart review. By using three-dimensional radiographs, input variables, describing the implant angulation (buccal-lingual angle [φ] and mesial-distal angle [θ]) were measured; outcome variables described survival rate and marginal bone resorption (MBR) around dental implants in autogenous grafts (10 maxillae and 14 mandibles). Pairwise comparisons and linear correlation coefficient were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peri-implant MBR in maxillary buccal and palatal areas appeared less intensive in the presence of an increased angulation of an implant towards the palatal side. Minor MBR was recorded around mandibular dental implants positioned at a right angle and slightly angulated towards the mesial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resorption in buccal areas may be less intensive as the angulation of placed implants increases towards the palatal area in the maxilla, whereas for the mandible, a greater inclination towards the lingual area could be negative. In the mandibular group, when the implant was slightly angulated in the direction of the distal area, bone resorption seemed to be more marked in the buccal area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the planning of dental implant placement in reconstructed alveolar bone with autograft, the extremely unfavourable resorption at the buccal aspect should be considered; this marginal bone loss seemed to be very sensitive to the angulation of the dental implant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramaglia
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sbordone
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guidetti
authors.forename: Ranieri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martuscelli
authors.forename: Ludovico
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sbordone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants