title: Intra-rater and Inter-rater Reliability of Mandibular Range of Motion Measures Considering a Neutral Craniocervical Position.
abstract: [Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the mandibular range of motion (ROM) considering the neutral craniocervical position when performing the measurements. [Subjects and Methods] The sample consisted of 50 asymptomatic subjects. Two raters measured four mandibular ROMs (maximal mouth opening (MMO), laterals, and protrusion) using the craniomandibular scale. Subjects alternated between raters, receiving two complete trials per day, two days apart. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was determined using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess reliability, bias, and variability. Finally, the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were analyzed to measure responsiveness. [Results] Reliability was good for MMO (inter-rater, ICC= 0.95-0.96; intra-rater, ICC= 0.95-0.96) and for protrusion (inter-rater, ICC= 0.92-0.94; intra-rater, ICC= 0.93-0.96). Reliability was moderate for lateral excursions. The MMO and protrusion SEM ranged from 0.74 to 0.82 mm and from 0.29 to 0.49 mm, while the MDCs ranged from 1.73 to 1.91 mm and from 0.69 to 0.14 mm respectively. The analysis showed no random or systematic error, suggesting that effect learning did not affect reliability. [Conclusion] A standardized protocol for assessment of mandibular ROM in a neutral craniocervical position obtained good inter- and intra-rater reliability for MMO and protrusion and moderate inter- and intra-rater reliability for lateral excursions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Spain.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beltran-Alacreu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Spain.
authors.forename: Ibai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paris-Alemany
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angulo-Díaz-Parreño
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Research Group on Movement and Behavioral Science and Study of Pain, The Center for Advanced Studies University La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain ; Institute of Neuroscience and Craniofacial Pain (INDCRAN), Spain ; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Spain.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Touche
keywords: Range of motion; Reliability; Temporomandibular joint