title: Novel immunological targets in rheumatic diseases: clues from current therapies.
abstract: Many years have elapsed since the discovery of immunomodulators as effective therapeutics for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and we are still learning about their various mechanisms of action. Here, we provide a concise overview of the most recent discoveries in this field of research, focusing in particular on signaling pathways targeted by therapeutics currently used in the clinic. We highlight areas of investigation that could potentially be explored for the development of new classes of antirheumatic drugs.
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: f.dacquisto@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Acquisto
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M 6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rattazzi
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M 6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Giuseppa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.affiliation: William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M 6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Maria Letteria
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Galuppo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors