title: Integrated assessment of oxidative stress and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to azoxystrobin.
abstract: Azoxystrobin has been widely used in recent years. The present study investigated the oxidative stress and DNA damage effects of azoxystrobin on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Earthworms were exposed to different azoxystrobin concentrations in an artificial soil (0, 0.1, 1, and 10mg/kg) and sampled on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to determine the antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to detect DNA damage in the coelomocytes. Compared with these in the controls, earthworms exposed to azoxystrobin had excess ROS accumulation and greater SOD, POD, and GST activity while the opposite trend occurred for CAT activity. MDA content increased after 14-day exposure, and DNA damage was enhanced with an increase in the concentration of azoxystrobin. In conclusion, azoxystrobin caused oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in earthworms.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China. Electronic address: hyn_call@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China. Electronic address: lushzhu@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China. Electronic address: wjh@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China. Electronic address: jwang@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China. Electronic address: huixie@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, PR China. Electronic address: zsm1126@163.com.
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008689:Methacrylates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000073739:Strobilurins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C121048:guaiacol peroxidase; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C087670:azoxystrobin
keywords: Antioxidative system; GST; MDA; ROS; SCGE; Toxicity