title: Inosine-arginine salt as a promising agent for in vitro activation of waterborne fish-pathogenic myxozoan actinospores.
abstract: Mucus-derived nucleosides serve as key host cues for myxozoan actinospore fish host recognition, but to date their use for experimental actinospore activation in the laboratory or application in disease prevention has not progressed very far. One obstacle has been the low solubility of pure inosine and guanosine. To overcome this, we used inosine-arginine salt (ino-arg), which incorporates both high activation properties and high solubility. We tested its efficacy both in microassays directly observing reactions of actinospores of 2 distantly related myxozoan species, Myxobolus cerebralis and M. pseudodispar in comparison to inosine, as well as its actinospore-inactivation properties by premature polar capsule discharge in an infection experiment. Ino-arg was considerably more effective in eliciting polar capsule discharge and sporoplasm emission at much lower concentrations than pure inosine and, in contrast to the latter, remained dissolved in aqueous solution. Ino-arg exposure of M. pseudodispar actinospores resulted in polar capsule discharge and sporoplasm emission before host contact and subsequently in a lower infection rate in roach Rutilus rutilus.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 21 Hungária krt., 1143 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kallert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forró
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eszterbauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D005399:Fishes; D007288:Inosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D055764:Myxozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007288:Inosine; D001120:Arginine