title: Upstream deregulation of calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that altered Ca(2) (+) homeostasis may underlie disease pathomechanism and be an inherent feature of all vulnerable neurons. The downstream effects of altered Ca(2) (+) handling in the distinct subcellular organelles for proper cellular function are beginning to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the evidence that vulnerable neurons may be exposed to homeostatic Ca(2) (+) stress which may determine their selective vulnerability, and suggest how abnormal Ca(2) (+) handling in the distinct intracellular compartments may compromise neuronal health in the context of aging, environmental, and genetic stress. Gaining a better understanding of the varied effects of Ca(2) (+) dyshomeostasis may allow novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies to slow PD progression.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rivero-Ríos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez-Suaga
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fdez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hilfiker
keywords: Golgi; Parkinson’s disease; calcium; dopamine; endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes; mitochondria