title: Optical neural interfaces.
abstract: Genetically encoded optical actuators and indicators have changed the landscape of neuroscience, enabling targetable control and readout of specific components of intact neural circuits in behaving animals. Here, we review the development of optical neural interfaces, focusing on hardware designed for optical control of neural activity, integrated optical control and electrical readout, and optical readout of population and single-cell neural activity in freely moving mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; email: mrwarden@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deisseroth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009488:Neurosciences; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D051381:Rats; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012825:Silicon
keywords: GCaMP; channelrhodopsin; halorhodopsin; imaging; neurophysiology; optogenetics