title: Pesticide residues in cashew apple, guava, kaki and peach: GC-μECD, GC-FPD and LC-MS/MS multiresidue method validation, analysis and cumulative acute risk assessment.
abstract: A multiresidue method for the determination of 46 pesticides in fruits was validated. Samples were extracted with acidified ethyl acetate, MgSO4 and CH3COONa and cleaned up by dispersive SPE with PSA. The compounds were analysed by GC-FPD, GC-μECD or LC-MS/MS, with LOQs from 1 to 8 μg/kg. The method was used to analyse 238 kaki, cashew apple, guava, and peach fruit and pulp samples, which were also analysed for dithiocarbamates (DTCs) using a spectrophotometric method. Over 70% of the samples were positive, with DTC present in 46.5%, λ-cyhalothrin in 37.1%, and omethoate in 21.8% of the positive samples. GC-MS/MS confirmed the identities of the compounds detected by GC. None of the pesticides found in kaki, cashew apple and guava was authorised for these crops in Brazil. The risk assessment has shown that the cumulative acute intake of organophosphorus or pyrethroid compounds from the consumption of these fruits is unlikely to pose a health risk to consumers.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darci Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia Nunes Oliveira
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darci Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Carvalho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darci Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Caroline Silva
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Goes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darci Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elcio Ferreira
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Frota Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Darci Ribeiro, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil. Electronic address: eloisa@unb.br.
authors.forename: Eloisa Dutra
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Caldas
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium / Q000737:chemistry; D001938:Brazil; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry; D031647:Psidium / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Cashew apple; Cumulative acute exposure assessment; Gas chromatography; Guava; Kaki; LC–MS/MS; Organophosphorus; Pyrethroids