title: Differences between acceleromyography and electromyography during neuromuscular function monitoring in anesthetized Beagle dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring is essential for studies of potency and duration of neuromuscular blocking agents, and for detecting residual paralysis in anesthetized patients. This investigation evaluates whether there are systematic differences between acceleromyography (AMG) and electromyography (EMG); two quantitative methods for monitoring neuromuscular block.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy Beagle dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine. Both ulnar nerves were stimulated with a train-of-four (TOF) pattern every 15 seconds. The magnitude of the first twitch (T1) and the TOF ratio (magnitude of T4/T1; TOFR) were quantified simultaneously with AMG and EMG, applied randomly to each extremity. The extent of maximal block (T1 depression) and onset time were measured by AMG and EMG during TOF monitoring after the administration of cisatracurium (0.05 mg kg(-1)). In addition, recovery of T1 to 25% and 75%, the recovery index (time between T1 of 25% and 75%), and recovery of the TOFR to 0.9 were used to characterize recovery from cisatracurium and were compared between monitors. Regression and Bland-Altman plots for T1 and TOFR were also created.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal block and onset time were not different between monitors. Time to recovery of T1 to 25% and 75%, and time to TOF ratio 0.9 was significantly shorter with AMG. The recovery index was not different between monitors. When the TOFR returned to 0.9 with AMG, EMG still measured considerable residual block (TOFR 0.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electromyography consistently detected residual NMB when recovery from NMB was complete as assessed by AMG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin-Flores
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tomak
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campoy
authors.forename: Robin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gleed
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
keywords: cisatracurium; dog; neuromuscular block; residual paralysis