title: Examination of rare earth element concentration patterns in freshwater fish tissues.
abstract: Rare earth elements (REEs or lanthanides) were measured in ten freshwater fish species from a reservoir in Washington State (United States). The REE distribution patterns were examined within fillet and whole body tissues for three size classes. Total concentrations (ΣREE) ranged from 0.014 to 3.0 mg kg(-1) (dry weight) and averaged 0.243 mg kg(-1) (dry weight). Tissue concentration patterns indicated that REEs accumulated to a greater extent in organs, viscera, and bone compared to muscle (fillet) tissues. Benthic feeding species (exposed to sediments) exhibited greater concentrations of REEs than pelagic omnivorous or piscivorous fish species. Decreasing REE concentrations were found with increasing age, total length or weight for largescale and longnose suckers, smallmouth bass, and walleye. Concentration patterns in this system were consistent with natural conditions without anthropogenic sources of REEs. These data provide additional reference information with regard to the fate and transport of REEs in freshwater fish tissues in a large aquatic system.
authors.affiliation: Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 803, Seattle, WA 98101, United States. Electronic address: dmayfield@gradientcorp.com.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.affiliation: Exponent, 15375 SE 30th Place, Suite 250, Bellevue, WA 98007, United States. Electronic address: afairbrother@exponent.com.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fairbrother
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D060106:Lakes; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D014781:Viscera / Q000737:chemistry; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Freshwater fish; Lanthanide; Metals; Rare earth elements; Risk assessment