title: Episcleral, intrascleral, and suprachoroidal routes of ocular drug delivery - recent research advances and patents.
abstract: Subconjunctival/episcleral, intrascleral, and suprachoroidal routes of drug delivery for treatment of posterior segment eye diseases have become more feasible and popular in the past few years. These routes have the advantage of bypassing the main barriers to topical drug penetration, the ocular surface epithelium, the conjunctivallymphatics, and in the case of deep intrascleral and suprachoroidial delivery, the sclera barrier. Many ocular drug delivery application devices, drug delivery methods, and therapeutics that have been developed for intravitreal use can also be used subconjunctivally, intrasclerally, and in the suprachoroidal space. Alternatively, site-specific devices, such microneedles, and therapeutics, such as hydrogel matrices, have been developed to enhance ocular drug delivery. This manuscript will review the recent research advances and patents on episcleral, intrascleral, and suprachoroidal routes of ocular drug delivery.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gilger
authors.forename: Abhirup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: Sujay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27613. bgilger@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Ashim K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mitra
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000639:trends*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010330:Patents as Topic