title: Occurrence of free-living amoebae in streams of the Mexico Basin.
abstract: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa that are widely distributed in nature. They are important in the cycling of nutrients in aquatic food chains, but their distribution in natural aquatic environments is not well known. We conducted a survey to determine the presence and distribution of FLA and their relation to some physicochemical parameters in streams of the Mexico Basin in Central Mexico. Thirty-two sites from 18 streams were sampled. Samples were centrifuged and cultured onto NNA-media to isolate amoebae. Identifications were based on morphology. The pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba isolates was tested. Oxygen saturation, temperature, pH, specific conductance, water flow, dissolved reactive phosphorus, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and coliforms were determined. One hundred-and-twenty FLA representing 18 genera were identified. The most frequent genera were Vannella, Rosculus and Acanthamoeba. The frequency of potentially pathogenic FLA was low and only 3 Acanthamoeba isolates were invasive in mice. The highest species richness of FLA was found in streams located into agriculture activity areas and those close to small villages that discharge wastewater into them. Water temperatures were always below 17°C. Oxygen saturation and pH were within the limits for the growth of most FLA. The presence of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria was low; nevertheless, they include potentially pathogenic species and can act as vectors and reservoirs for microbial pathogens and can produce human infections.
authors.affiliation: Proyecto de Conservación y Mejoramiento del Ambiente, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico. Electronic address: blemus@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonilla-Lemus
authors.affiliation: Proyecto de Conservación y Mejoramiento del Ambiente, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico. Electronic address: acaballerovillegas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adán S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Caballero Villegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias (UNAM), Mexico. Electronic address: jcj@ciencias.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carmona Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Proyecto de Limnología Tropical, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (UNAM), Mexico. Electronic address: lugov@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugo Vázquez
mesh_terms: D000656:Amoeba / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D044822:Biodiversity; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014774:Virulence
keywords: Free-living amoebae diversity; Mexico Basin; Potentially pathogenic species; Subtropical high mountain streams