title: Rho GTPases as regulators of mitosis and cytokinesis in mammalian cells.
abstract: Rho GTPases regulate a diverse range of cellular functions primarily through their ability to modulate microtubule dynamics and the actin-myosin cytoskeleton. Both of these cytoskeletal structures are crucial for a mitotic cell division. Specifically, their assembly and disassembly is tightly regulated in a temporal manner to ensure that each mitotic stage occurs in the correct sequential order and not prematurely until the previous stage is completed. Thus, it is not surprising that the Rho GTPases, RhoA, and Cdc42, have reported roles in several stages of mitosis: cell cortex stiffening during cell rounding, mitotic spindle formation, and bi-orient attachment of the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore and during cytokinesis play multiple roles in establishing the division plane, assembly, and activation of the contractile ring, membrane ingression, and abscission. Here, I review the molecular mechanisms regulating the spatial and temporal activation of RhoA and Cdc42 during mitosis, and how this is critical for mitotic progression and completion.
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Research Institute; The University of Sydney; Westmead, Australia.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chircop
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
keywords: Cdc42; RhoA; abscission; actin; cleavage furrow; cytokinesis; cytoskeleton; metaphase; microtubules; spindle assembly