title: Epithelium-off photochemical corneal collagen cross-linkage using riboflavin and ultraviolet a for keratoconus and keratectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: This report presents the results of a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies on epithelium-off photochemical corneal collagen cross-linkage for the management of keratoconus and secondary ectasia. The literature search identified 3,400 records of which 49 were considered for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Eight papers reported 4 unique randomized controlled trials, 29 studies were prospective, and 12 were retrospective studies. The majority of the studies (39/49) were graded as very low quality evidence. Twenty-six studies described adverse events and were included in the safety analysis. Meta-analyses are presented for changes in four outcomes: visual acuity, topography, refraction and astigmatism, and central corneal thickness. Statistically significant improvements were found in all efficacy outcomes at 12 months after the operation. Common side effects were pain, corneal edema, and corneal haze, which resolved usually within a few days after the procedure. The remaining uncertainty is duration of benefit to establish the procedure's potential benefit in avoiding or delaying disease progression and possibly reducing the need for corneal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, UK. Electronic address: joyce.craig@york.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Joyce A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.affiliation: Quantics Consulting Ltd, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yellowlees
authors.affiliation: Quantics Consulting Ltd, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barata
authors.affiliation: York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, UK.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glanville
authors.affiliation: York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, UK.
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arber
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandava
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014467:Ultraviolet Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D003094:Collagen; D012256:Riboflavin
keywords: epithelium-off collagen cross-linkage; keratectasia; keratoconus; meta-analysis; systematic review