title: Application of Taguchi L32 orthogonal array design to optimize copper biosorption by using Spaghnum moss.
abstract: In this work, Taguchi L32 experimental design was applied to optimize biosorption of Cu(2+) ions by an easily available biosorbent, Spaghnum moss. With this aim, batch biosorption tests were performed to achieve targeted experimental design with five factors (concentration, pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature and agitation time) at two different levels. Optimal experimental conditions were determined by calculated signal-to-noise ratios. "Higher is better" approach was followed to calculate signal-to-noise ratios as it was aimed to obtain high metal removal efficiencies. The impact ratios of factors were determined by the model. Within the study, Cu(2+) biosorption efficiencies were also predicted by using Taguchi method. Results of the model showed that experimental and predicted values were close to each other demonstrating the success of Taguchi approach. Furthermore, thermodynamic, isotherm and kinetic studies were performed to explain the biosorption mechanism. Calculated thermodynamic parameters were in good accordance with the results of Taguchi model.
authors.affiliation: University of Kocaeli, Department of Environmental Engineering, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey. Electronic address: utkanozdemir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Utkan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: University of Kocaeli, Department of Environmental Engineering, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozbay
authors.affiliation: University of Kocaeli, Department of Environmental Engineering, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozbay
authors.affiliation: University of Kocaeli, Department of Environmental Engineering, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veli
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D044003:Sphagnopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper
keywords: Biosorption; Kinetic; Orthogonal array; Spaghnum moss; Taguchi model; Thermodynamic