title: INCOG recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, part IV: cognitive communication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive-communication disorders are common in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can have a major impact on long-term outcome. Guidelines for evidence-informed rehabilitation are needed, thus an international group of researchers and clinicians (known as INCOG) convened to develop recommendations for assessment and intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  An expert panel met to select appropriate recommendations for assessment and treatment of cognitive-communication disorders based on available literature. To promote implementation, the team developed decision algorithms incorporating the recommendations, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of published trials, and then prioritized recommendations for implementation and developed audit criteria to evaluate adherence to best practice recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rehabilitation of individuals with cognitive-communication disorders should consider premorbid communication status; be individualized to the person's needs, goals, and skills; provide training in use of assistive technology where appropriate; include training of communication partners; and occur in context to minimize the need for generalization. Evidence supports treatment of social communication problems in a group format.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is strong evidence for person-centered treatment of cognitive-communication disorders and use of instructional strategies such as errorless learning, metacognitive strategy training, and group treatment. Future studies should include tests of alternative service delivery models and development of participation-level outcome measures.
authors.affiliation: Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia (Dr Togher); NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Traumatic Brain Injury Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Australia (Drs Togher and Ponsford and Ms Douglas); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Wiseman-Hakes); Department of Human Communication Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia (Ms Douglas); Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Stergiou-Kita); School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University and Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Dr Ponsford); National Trauma Research Institute, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital (Dr Ponsford); Aging, Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada (Dr Teasell); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (Dr Teasell); UHN-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Bayley); and Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Dr Turkstra).
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Togher
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiseman-Hakes
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stergiou-Kita
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponsford
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teasell
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayley
authors.forename: Lyn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Turkstra
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans