title: The severity of attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and its relationship with lifetime substance use and psychological variables among 10th grade students in Istanbul.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the severity of attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms (ADHS) and related psychological and behavioral variables among 10th grade students in Istanbul/Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools in 15 districts Istanbul. The questionnaire included sections about demographic data and use of substances including tobacco, alcohol and drugs. Also ADHS, depression, anxiety, anger and sensation seeking subscales of Psychological Screening Test for Adolescents (PSTA) were used. The analyses were conducted based on the 4938 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ADHS score was higher in females and among those with a lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol and drug, and having self-harming behavior and suicidal thoughts. ADHS score was correlated with depression, anxiety, anger and sensation seeking scores. In univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA); depression, anxiety, anger, sensation seeking, lifetime alcohol use and suicidal thoughts predicted the severity of ADHS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that, since ADHS is associated with depression, anxiety, anger, sensation seeking, lifetime alcohol use and suicidal thoughts among 10th grade students, clinicians should screen suicidality and comorbid psychiatric symptoms routinely in adolescents with ADHS.
authors.affiliation: Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: cuneytevren@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Cuneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evren
authors.affiliation: Turgut Özal University, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalbudak
authors.affiliation: Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Evren
authors.affiliation: Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yesim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Can
authors.affiliation: Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Umut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology