title: Bio-effects of near-zero magnetic fields on the growth, development and reproduction of small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus and brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.
abstract: Magnetic fields markedly affect the growth and development of many species of organisms potentially due to cryptochrome and endogenous presence of magnetic materials. Sensitivity to magnetic fields can also be involved in geomagnetic orientation by some long-distance migratory insects. In this study, near-zero magnetic fields (NZMF) in relation to normal geomagnetic fields (GMF) were setup using the Hypomagnetic Field Space System (HMFs) to investigate the effects of magnetic fields on the growth, development and reproduction of two species of migratory planthopper, the small brown planthopper (abbr. SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, and the brown planthopper (abbr. BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Exposure of both L. striatellus and N. lugens to NZMF delayed egg and nymphal developmental durations and decreased adult weight and female fecundity. The 1st-5th instars of SBPH and BPH showed different responses to NZMF. The 4th instar was significantly affected by NZMF, especially for BPH males, in which NZMF exposure reduced the difference in development duration between females and males. Compared with GMF, the vitellogenin transcript levels of newly molted female adults and the number of eggs per female were significantly reduced in both planthopper species, indicating a negative effect on fertility under NZMF. Our findings provided experimental evidence that NZMF negatively affected the growth and development of SBPH and BPH, with particularly strong effects on reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Insect-Information Ecology, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Gui-jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Insect-Information Ecology, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Shou-lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Insect-Information Ecology, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Zong-chao
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Jing-jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sword
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130124, China.
authors.forename: Yue-bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: panwd@mail.iee.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Insect-Information Ecology, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: fajunchen@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fa-jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D060526:Magnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009758:Nymph / Q000254:growth & development; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Bio-effects; Fecundity; Growth and development; Migratory insects; Near-zero magnetic fields; Rice planthoppers