title: Utilization of micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry employed volatile micellar phase in the analysis of cathinone designer drugs.
abstract: A micellar electrokinetic chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the selective separation, identification and determination of twelve new designer drugs from the group of synthetic cathinones. Ammonium salt of perfluorooctanoic acid at various concentrations as a volatile background electrolyte (BGE) to create micellar phase was studied for separation of selected synthetic cathinones with direct tandem mass spectrometry without significant loss of detection sensitivity. The optimized BGE contained 100 mM perfluorooctanoic acid with 200 mM ammonium hydroxide providing acceptable resolution of studied drugs in the MEKC step. In order to minimize interferences with matrix components and to preconcentrate target analytes, solid phase extraction was introduced as a clean-up step. The method was linear in the concentration range of 10-5000 ng mL(-1) and the limits of detection were in the range of 10-78 ng mL(-1). The method was demonstrated to be specific, sensitive, and reliable for the systematic toxicological analysis of these derivatives in urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Švidrnoch
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lněníčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Faculty Hospital, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Válka
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Faculty Hospital, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ondra
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc CZ-77146, Czech Republic. Electronic address: vitezslav.maier@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Vítězslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D002210:Caprylates; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D008823:Micelles; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002210:Caprylates; D015198:Designer Drugs; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008823:Micelles; D008694:Methamphetamine; C023665:cathinone; C548233:mephedrone; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid
keywords: Cathinone; Designer drug; Mass spectrometry; Micellar electrokinetic chromatography; Perfluorocarboxylic acid; Toxicological analysis