title: Importance of sulfur-containing metabolites in discriminating fecal extracts between normal and type-2 diabetic mice.
abstract: A metabolic disorder such as Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease induced by genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. The db/db mouse model, bearing a nonfunctional leptin receptor, is widely used to investigate the pathophysiology of T2DM. Fecal extracts of db/db and wild-type littermates were studied to unravel a broad spectrum of new and relevant metabolites related to T2DM as proxies of the interplay of gut microbiome and murine metabolomes. The nontargeted metabolomics approach consists of an integrated analytical concept of high-resolution mass spectrometry FT-ICR-MS, followed by UPLC-TOF-MS/MS experiments. We demonstrate that a metabolic disorder such as T2DM affects the gastrointestinal tract environment, thereby influencing different metabolic pathways and their respective metabolites in diabetic mice. Fatty acids, bile acids concerning cholic and deoxycholic acid, and steroid metabolism were highly discriminative comparing fecal meta-metabolomes of wt and db/db mice. Furthermore, sulfur-(S)-containing metabolites including N-acyl taurines were altered in diabetic mice, enabling us to focus on S-containing metabolites, especially the sulfate and taurine conjugates of bile and fatty acids. Different sulfate containing bile acids including sulfocholic acid, oxocholic acid sulfate, taurocholic acid sulfate, and cyprinol sulfate were significantly altered in diabetic mice. Moreover, we identified 12 new sulfate and taurine conjugates of hydroxylated fatty acids with significant importance in T2DM metabolism in db/db mice.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alesia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucio
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfitzner
authors.forename: Markus F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Scheerer
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neschen
authors.forename: Martin Hrabě
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Angelis
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Kopplin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D013455:Sulfur
keywords: FT-ICR-MS; db/db mice; high-resolution mass spectrometry; meta-metabolome; metabolomics; sulfur-containing metabolites; type-2 diabetes