title: Toxicity of fullerene and nanosilver nanomaterials against bacteria associated to the body surface of the estuarine worm Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae).
abstract: This study analyzed the growth and biochemical responses of six bacterial colonies isolated from the mucus of the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) after exposure to a water suspension of fullerene (nC60) and nanosilver (nAg) separately (0.01; 0.10; and 1.00 mg/L) and together (0.01; 0.10; and 1.00 mg/L of nanosilver and 1.00 mg/L of fullerene added to each nAg concentration). Exposures were performed in darkness during 24 h and then samples were taken from the worms and inoculated on agar during 24 h to analyze colonies growth. After this the material was analyzed biochemically. Colonies growth (tested by wet biomass weight) was inhibited at 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L of nAg and 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L nAg + constant 1.00 mg/L of nC60 (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation damage was significant from the control for the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L of nC60 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly higher for the concentration of 1.00 mg/L mg/L nAg + constant 1.00 mg/L of nC60 (p < 0.05). Although nC60 did not induced growth inhibition, it triggered lipid peroxidation alone and increased GST activity together with nAg.60 Contrary to nC60, nanosilver inhibited bacterial growth, although the biochemical measurements indicate that this response is not due to reactive oxygen species generation.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB - FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Freitas
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB - FURG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Fell
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Wilges
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
authors.affiliation: Nanotek S.A., Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Nanotek S.A., Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irene Clemes
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Külkamp-Guerreiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada - ICB - FURG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Nanomateriais de Carbono, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Nanotoxicologia ocupacional e ambiental: subsídios científicos para estabelecer marcos regulatórios e avaliação de riscos, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: josemmonserrat@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Monserrat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000382:microbiology*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D037741:Fullerenes; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D012834:Silver; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Bacteria; Fullerene; Laeonereis acuta; Nanosilver; Nanotoxicology