title: Molecular survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in livestock in Tanzania, 2008-2013.
abstract: Phylogeography data are of paramount importance in studying the molecular epidemiology dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, epithelial samples and oesophageal-pharyngeal fluids were collected from 361 convalescent animals (cattle and buffaloes) in the field throughout Tanzania between 2009 and 2013. The single plex real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for rapid and accurate diagnosis of FMDV employing the Callahan 3DF-2, 3DF-R primers and Callahan 3DP-1 probe were used. Preparation of the samples was performed according to the OIE manual, with a Kenya O serotype obtained from the attenuated vaccine serving as a positive control and samples collected from healthy animals serving as true negatives. The results indicated that 53.49% of samples (n = 176) were positive for FMDV genome by qRT-PCR, with Ct values ranging from 14 to 32. In addition, molecular typing of the FMDV genome positive samples using serotype specific primers revealed the existence of several serotypes: serotype South Africa Territory 1 (SAT1) (34.25%, n = 60), serotype A (68.92%, n = 98), serotype O (59.20%, n = 98) and SAT2 (54.54%, n = 96). The virus protein 1 sequences analysis for 35 samples was performed and the collective results indicated: 54.28% serotype O, 25.71% serotype A, 14.28% serotype SAT1 and 2.85% serotype SAT2. Therefore in this study, both the phylogenetic trees and spatial distribution of serotypes elucidated the phylodynamics of multiple FMDV field strains in Tanzania and neighbouring countries.
authors.affiliation: Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Southern African Centre for Infectious Diseases Surveillance, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. raphael.sallu@sacids.org.
authors.forename: Raphael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sallu
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kasanga
authors.forename: Mkama
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Mmeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yongolo
authors.forename: Chanasa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mpelumbe-Ngeleja
authors.forename: Misheck
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mulumba
authors.forename: Ezekia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ranga
authors.forename: Philemon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wambura
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rweyemamu
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000821:virology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D065288:Serogroup; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology