title: Soluble and bound hydroxycinnamates in coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) from seven cultivars at three ripening stages.
abstract: The contents of soluble and bound hydroxycinnamates (HCAs) were analyzed in coffee pulp (CP) of seven cultivars of Coffea arabica at three different ripening stages. Methodologies for the extraction and analysis of HCAs were evaluated and improved. HCAs were present mainly in the soluble fraction (68-97%). Chlorogenic acid was the main phenolic acid (94-98%) in the soluble fraction, whereas caffeic acid was the most abundant HCA found in the bound fraction (72-88%). Small amounts of free and bound ferulic and p-coumaric acids were also detected. The content of total HCAs in CP reached the maximum concentration at the semiripe stage (7.4-25.5 mg/g CP, dw) but decreased at the ripe stage for six of the seven cultivars. These findings suggest that unripe or semiripe coffee cherries, considered as defective cherries, are a potential inexpensive source of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic and caffeic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Autonomous Metropolitan University , Campus Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 Iztapalapa, D.F. Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Durán
authors.forename: Ma Ascención
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Coronel
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aranda-Delgado
authors.forename: K Madhavan
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nampoothiri
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Favela-Torres
authors.forename: Cristóbal N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saucedo-Castañeda
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D012995:Solubility; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C040048:caffeic acid