title: Highly active antiretroviral therapy-related mechanisms of endothelial and platelet function alterations.
abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic condition, which has allowed the infected population to age and become prone to chronic degenerative diseases common to the general population, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary artery disease (CAD). Possible causative mechanisms of HIV-associated CAD are related to classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and fat redistribution, which may be due to either HIV infection or to HAART-associated toxicity. However, other mechanisms are emerging as crucial for the cardiovascular complication of HIV and HAART. This article analyzes the effects of HIV and HAART on endothelial function, endothelium-leukocyte interactions, and platelets as possible mechanisms of enhanced cardiovascular risk.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gresele
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falcinelli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momi
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Francisci
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine and Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D020276:HIV Long-Term Survivors; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents