title: Activity of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus s.s.
abstract: The biological activities of essential oils from three plants grown in Cameroon: Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, and Cymbopogon citratus were tested against Plasmodium falciparum and mature-stage larvae of Anopheles funestus. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analyses showed that the main compounds are geranial, 1,8-cineole and linalool in C. citratus, O. canum and O. basilicum, respectively. Larvicidal tests carried out according to the protocol recommended by the World Health Organization showed that the essential oil of leaves of C. citratus is the most active against larvae of An. funestus (LC50 values = 35.5 ppm and 34.6 ppm, respectively, for larval stages III and IV after 6 h of exposure). Besides, the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity evaluated by the radioisotopic method showed that the C. citratus oil is the most active against P. falciparum, with an IC50 value of 4.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL compared with O. canum (20.6 ± 3.4 μg/mL) and O. basilicum (21 ± 4.6 μg/mL). These essential oils can be recommended for the development of natural biocides for fighting the larvae of malaria vectors and for the isolation of natural products with anti-malarial activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akono Ntonga
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Faculté des Sciences, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baldovini
authors.affiliation: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 CNRS, CP 52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mouray
authors.affiliation: Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, Institut GEIST, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Lengo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mambu
authors.affiliation: Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belong
authors.affiliation: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 CNRS, CP 52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grellier
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002163:Cameroon; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009032:Mosquito Control; D031339:Ocimum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000962:Antimalarials; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D007306:Insecticides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C018584:linalool; D000077591:Eucalyptol; C007076:citral