title: Abnormal movements in children with migraine.
abstract: The cause and treatment of functional movement disorders and nonepileptic spells in children is poorly understood, and an association with migraine has not previously been reported. We retrospectively reviewed children diagnosed with chronic or episodic migraine at our institution from 2006 to 2013 to determine the proportion with nonorganic movement disorders, their phenomenology, provoking factors, and natural history. Thirty-two patients were identified, representing 4.3% of patients with chronic migraine and 0.9% of patients with episodic migraine. Twenty-four of the 32 (75%) had chronic migraine, whereas 8 (25%) had episodic migraine. Nonepileptic spells was the most common phenomenon in both cohorts, followed by tremor and functional gait disorders. Severe migraine attacks preceded these movements in the majority of patients. With appropriate migraine therapy, significant reduction or resolution of these movements was reported. We conclude that nonorganic movement disorders are observed in pediatric migraine, are more prevalent among chronic migraineurs, and can resolve with improved pain control.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Child & Adolescent Neurology and Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA youssef.paul@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Departments of Child & Adolescent Neurology and Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D059408:Pain Management; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: chronic daily headache; functional movement disorders; migraine; nonepileptic spells