title: What do patients with glaucoma see? Visual symptoms reported by patients with glaucoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vision loss from glaucoma has traditionally been described as loss of "peripheral vision." In this prospective study, we aimed to improve our clinical understanding of the visual symptoms caused by glaucoma by asking patients specific detailed questions about how they see.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were clinically diagnosed with various types and stages of glaucoma were included. All had a comprehensive ocular examination, including Octopus visual field testing. Patients were excluded if they had other ocular conditions that affected their vision, including cornea, lens or retina pathologies. Patients responded to an oral questionnaire about their visual symptoms. We investigated the visual symptoms described by patients with glaucoma and correlated the severity of visual field loss with visual symptoms reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine patients completed the questionnaire. Most patients (76%) were diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma. The most common symptoms reported by all patients, including patients with early or moderate glaucoma, were needing more light and blurry vision. Patients with a greater amount of field loss (Octopus mean defect >+9.4 dB) were more likely to report difficulty seeing objects to one or both sides, as if looking through dirty glasses and trouble differentiating boundaries and colors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vision loss in patients with glaucoma is not as simple as the traditional view of loss of peripheral vision. Needing more light and blurry vision were the most common symptoms reported by patients with glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Cindy X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zangalli
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Lalita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Alice L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Spaeth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology