title: Measurement of the sound transmission characteristics of normal neck tissue using a reflectionless uniform tube.
abstract: Understanding the sound transmission of the neck tissue is necessary and important in areas such as vocal function evaluation and electrolarynx improvement. In this paper, a simple method using a reflectionless tube was proposed to measure the neck frequency response function (NFRF) of ten normal subjects (five males and five females) during Mandarin vowel production. The NFRFs across different subjects producing different vowels were measured at different neck positions and compared to confirm the effectiveness of the method, and determine the NFRF variations in normal subjects. The results showed that the proposed method offered an easy and effective way to obtain an accurate NFRF. For normal subjects, the neck tissue can be treated as a low-pass filter, with a maximum gain at 310 Hz and a roll-off at a slope of -8.4 dB/octave, flattening out above 2000 Hz. The measurement position on the neck did not influence the shape of the NFRF, but did change the overall gains of the NFRF. In addition, there was a significant gender difference in NFRFs at the low frequencies. Finally, some potential applications of this method and the results are suggested.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Supin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingxi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010699:Phonation; D010700:Phonetics; D013016:Sound; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013997:Time Factors; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult