title: Cadmium adsorption on plant- and manure-derived biochar and biochar-amended sandy soils: impact of bulk and surface properties.
abstract: To investigate the role of the bulk and surface composition of both biochar and biochar-amended soils in the adsorption of Cd(2+), as well as the influence of different biochars added to the soils on Cd(2+) adsorption, swine-manure-derived biochars (BSs) and wheat-straw-derived biochars (BWs) were produced at 300, 450, and 600°C. These biochars were added to a sandy soil to investigate the effect of biochars on the adsorption of Cd(2+) by soil. The significantly higher surface C content of the amended soils compared to their bulk C content suggests that the minerals of the biochar-amended soils are most likely covered primarily by biochars. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax,total) of the BSs was 10-15 times higher than that of the BWs due to the high polarity and ash content of the BSs. The polarity ((N+O)/C) of the low-temperature biochars greatly affected their Cd(2+) adsorption. The Qmax,total of the BS-amended soils increased with increasing dose, whereas the Qmax,total of the BW-amended soils showed the opposite behavior, which was attributed to the different surface composition characteristics of the two types of soil. The BSs were more effective in immobilizing Cd(2+) upon application to the soil relative to the BWs. This study elucidates the spatial distribution of biochars in biochar-amended soils and highlights the importance of the surface composition of the investigated samples in Cd(2+) adsorption.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Dongyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address: sunke@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Ziying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Zheyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Shuifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Xitao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Fengchang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002104:Cadmium; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Adsorption; Biochar; Biochar-amended soil; Cd(2+); Polarity