title: Effect of generation 4.0 polyamidoamine dendrimer on the mineralization of demineralized dentinal tubules in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dentine hypersensitivity is a type of clinical oral disease, which is highly prevalent worldwide. Although there are many materials to treat dentine hypersensitivity, their long-term therapeutic effects are not satisfactory. Therefore, the aim of this research was to observe and identify the biological mineralization of the generation 4.0 polyamidoamine dendrimer on the demineralized dentinal tubules at different time points.
  
  
  METHODS
  2mm-thick slices were obtained from the cemento-enamel junction of 36 third molar teeth that simulated the condition of sensitivity with acid etching. Slices were treated with generation 4.0 polyamidoamine dendrimer and peptide bond condensing agent, while no treatment was applied on the slices of the control group. Following immersion in artificial saliva for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively, the mineralization condition of dentine slices was observed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the differences in the samples of dental slices between the 2 groups were also detected using the microhardness test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM results showed that the average diameter and density of the dentinal tubules in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). The microhardness test exhibited a similar result, which suggested that the microhardness of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generation 4.0 polyamidoamine dendrimer promotes the biomineralization of demineralized dentinal tubules. Moreover, this result also suggests that the 4.0th generation polyamidoamine dendrimer has the potential value for dentine hypersensitivity treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: jiaru123@stu.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: luyi1962@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China. Electronic address: ychangwei@stu.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chang-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: xluo@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address: yinghan1185@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D009757:Nylons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D050091:Dendrimers; D009757:Nylons; C520550:PAMAM-G4; D012464:Saliva, Artificial
keywords: Amides; Dendrimers; Dentine sensitivity; Tooth remineralization