title: Esophageal dissection and hematoma associated with obstruction in an Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus).
abstract: A 42-year-old female Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) developed a sudden onset of excessive salivation and dysphagia. Esophageal obstruction was suspected; possibly related to palm frond ingestion. Esophageal endoscopy revealed a mat of plant material in the distal esophagus. An initial attempt at relieving the obstruction was unsuccessful, but subsequent use of custom-made instruments along with insufflation and hydropulsion enabled partial removal of the material. Postimmobilization care included aggressive intravenous and rectal fluids, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic administration, and fasting. Despite treatment, the dysphagia persisted and the elephant was euthanized due to lack of improvement and grave prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed remaining plant material in the esophagus, complicated by an esophageal dissection, mural hematoma, and secondary bacterial infection. Iatrogenic trauma may have contributed to the extent of esophageal injury. Although treatment was ultimately unsuccessful, the supportive care employed could potentially aid recovery in cases of less severe esophageal trauma.
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Phair
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutherland-Smith
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Pye
authors.forename: Allan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pessier
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Clippinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004606:Elephants; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*