title: Potential of fungal co-culturing for accelerated biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil.
abstract: The potential of fungal co-culture of the filamentous Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 with four different basidiomycetes--Trametes versicolor U97, Pleurotus ostreatus PL1, Cerena sp. F0607, and Polyporus sp. S133--for accelerating biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) was studied using three different physicochemical characteristic PHCs in soil. All the combinations showed a mutual intermingling mycelial interaction on the agar plates. However, only NG007/S133 (50/50) exhibited an optimum growth rate and enzymatic activities that supported the degradation of asphalt in soil. The co-culture also degraded all fractions at even higher concentrations of the different PHCs. In addition, asphaltene, which is a difficult fraction for a single microorganism to degrade, was markedly degraded by the co-culture, which indicated that the simultaneous biodegradation of aliphatic, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractions had occurred in the co-culture. An examination of in-vitro degradation by the crude enzymes and the retrieval fungal culture from the soil after the experiment confirmed the accelerated biodegradation due to enhanced enzyme activities in the co-culture. The addition of piperonyl butoxide or AgNO3 inhibited biodegradation by 81-99%, which demonstrated the important role of P450 monooxygenases and/or dioxygenases in the initial degradation of the aliphatic and aromatic fractions in PHCs.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. Electronic address: dede@biomaterial.lipi.go.id.
authors.forename: Dede Heri Yuli
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan. Electronic address: tatibana@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sanro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tachibana
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D050548:Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C006647:asphalt; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C051129:manganese peroxidase; D050548:Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide
keywords: Biodegradation; Dioxygenase; Fungal co-culture; Ligninolytic enzymes; Petroleum hydrocarbons