title: Background-suppressed MR venography of the brain using magnitude data: a high-pass filtering approach.
abstract: Conventional susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) uses both phase and magnitude data for the enhancement of venous vasculature and, thus, is subject to signal loss in regions with severe field inhomogeneity and in the peripheral regions of the brain in the minimum-intensity projection. The purpose of this study is to enhance the visibility of the venous vasculature and reduce the artifacts in the venography by suppressing the background signal in postprocessing. A high-pass filter with an inverted Hamming window or an inverted Fermi window was applied to the Fourier domain of the magnitude images to enhance the visibility of the venous vasculature in the brain after data acquisition. The high-pass filtering approach has the advantages of enhancing the visibility of small veins, diminishing the off-resonance artifact, reducing signal loss in the peripheral regions of the brain in projection, and nearly completely suppressing the background signal. The proposed postprocessing technique is effective for the visualization of small venous vasculature using the magnitude data alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China ; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China ; College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China ; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1937-9693
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Minming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China ; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yiping P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology