title: Respiratory impedance and response to salbutamol in healthy individuals and patients with COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggested that the bronchodilator response depends on airway obstruction. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) may help improve our understanding of the changes in respiratory mechanics that occur after the application of a bronchodilator.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to (1) assess the response to salbutamol and to compare the impedance changes in healthy individuals and COPD patients, (2) investigate the effects of airway obstruction on this response and (3) evaluate the utility of the FOT as a complementary measurement to assess the response to the bronchodilator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy individuals and 82 patients with COPD were assessed with the FOT followed by spirometry before and after the use of salbutamol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes exhibited by the COPD subgroups were greater than in the healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Increased obstruction resulted in decreased reductions in mean resistance and increased improvements in mean reactance (p < 0.001). In addition, the bronchodilation reduced the ventilation heterogeneity and the impedance modulus in all COPD stages (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficients for the spirometric and FOT changes were low (0.21-0.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the initial phases of COPD (stage I), the effects of bronchodilation are greater than in healthy volunteers. The bronchodilator use improved the oscillatory mechanics in all of the studied groups of COPD patients. These improvements are reduced in more advanced phases of airway obstruction (II, III and IV). The FOT provides information that complements the data supplied by spirometry, contributing to an improvement in the evaluation of the bronchodilator response in COPD.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Faculty of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerusa Maritimo
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Alvaro Camilo Dias
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Ana Maria Gonçalves Tavares
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Di Mango
authors.forename: Agnaldo José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopes de Melo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol