title: The Opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct.
abstract: Opisthorchiasis is a neglected, tropical disease caused by the carcinogenic Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is linked to malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Asia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is used against the parasite. Little is known about O. viverrini biology and the diseases that it causes. Here we characterize the draft genome (634.5 Mb) and transcriptomes of O. viverrini, elucidate how this fluke survives in the hostile environment within the bile duct and show that metabolic pathways in the parasite are highly adapted to a lipid-rich diet from bile and/or cholangiocytes. We also provide additional evidence that O. viverrini and other flukes secrete proteins that directly modulate host cell proliferation. Our molecular resources now underpin profound explorations of opisthorchiasis/CCA and the design of new interventions.
authors.affiliation: 1] Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia [2].
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: 1] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore [2].
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.affiliation: Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Suling Joyce
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Pasi K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jex
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Ross S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safavi-Hemami
authors.affiliation: Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worasak
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kaewkong
authors.affiliation: Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.affiliation: NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Qihui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Seet
authors.affiliation: Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sopit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wongkham
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Bin Tean
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chaisiri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wongkham
authors.affiliation: Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pewpan Maleewong
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Intapan
authors.affiliation: Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanchai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maleewong
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia [2] Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, HHMI, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.affiliation: 1] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore [2] Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: 1] [2] Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark [3] Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia [4] Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gasser
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000469:parasitology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins