title: Micronutrient status in Jordan: 2002 and 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two national surveys were conducted in Jordan in 2002 and 2010 to investigate the micronutrient status in women and children. To determine the prevalence of anemia, iron and folate deficiency among women and children in 2010 and compare with the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative survey was conducted in 2002 (1023 women, 15-49 years of age; 1059 children, 12-59 months of age) and a second survey in 2010 (2035 women; 940 children). Venous blood samples were used to measure hemoglobin, ferritin and red blood cell folate (the latter on a subsample of 393 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among women in 2010, the prevalence of folate deficiency and insufficiency was 13.6% and 82.9%, respectively. Geometric mean serum ferritin was higher in 2010 compared with 2002 (21.3 ng/ml vs 18.3, P=0.01); there was no significant change in the prevalence of iron deficiency (35.1% vs 38.7%, P=0.17), iron deficiency anemia (19.1% vs 20.0%, P=0.61) or anemia (29.2% vs 29.3%, P=0.96). Among children, a significantly lower prevalence was observed in 2010 compared with 2002 for iron deficiency (13.7% vs 26.2% P<0.001) and iron deficiency anemia (4.8% vs 10.1%, P<0.001); a nonsignificant lower prevalence was observed for anemia (16.6% vs 20.2%, P=0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 2010, approximately one of seven women was folate deficient and six out of seven were folate insufficient for the prevention of neural tube defects. Between 2002 and 2010, significant improvement was observed in the prevalence of iron deficiency in children, but not in women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Serdula
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Aburto
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-communicable Disease, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masa'd
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Obaid
authors.affiliation: 1] Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Geneva, Switzerland [2] GroundWork LLC, Crans-pres-Celigny, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-communicable Disease, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarawneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-communicable Disease, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barham
authors.affiliation: Department of Non-communicable Disease, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hijawi
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D018977:Micronutrients; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid