title: Endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis.
abstract: Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has experienced an astonishing rate of development over the last 2 decades, becoming a viable alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the management of carotid stenosis. Many trials have attempted to compare both treatment modalities and establish indications for each, depending on clinical and anatomic features. In this article, the authors review the historical evolution of carotid stenting; its main technical aspects, indications, and contraindications; as well as the most important clinical trials comparing CAS and CEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, NY, USA; Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery, PeaceHealth Sacred Heart Medical Center, 333 Riverbend Drive, Springfield, OR 97477, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Eller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Adnan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Elad I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: lnhbuffns@aol.com.
authors.forename: L Nelson
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006801:Humans; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Atherosclerotic carotid disease; Carotid angioplasty and stenting; Carotid artery stenosis; Carotid endarterectomy; Carotid revascularization