title: Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols in selected consumer products and preliminary investigation of their fate in the indoor environment.
abstract: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established an ongoing effort to identify the major perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) sources in nonoccupational indoor environments and characterize their transport and fate. This study determined the concentrations of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), which are the precursors to PFCAs, in fifty-four consumer products collected from the U.S. open market in the years of 2011 and 2013. The products included carpet, commercial carpet-care liquids, household carpet/fabric-care liquids, treated apparel, treated home textiles, treated non-woven medical garments, floor waxes, food-contact paper, membranes for apparel, and thread-sealant tapes. The FTOHs quantified were 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-octanol (6:2 FTOH), 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH), and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-dodecanol (10:2 FTOH). The content of 6:2 FTOH ranged from non-delectable to 331μgg(-1), 8:2 FTOH from non-delectable to 92μgg(-1), and 10:2 FTOH from non-detectable to 24μgg(-1). In addition, two consumer products from the home textile category were tested in the washing-drying process. One product from the treated apparel category and one from the home textile category were tested in the micro-scale chamber under elevated temperatures. The experimental data show that the washing-drying process with one cycle did not significantly reduce the FTOH concentrations in the tested consumer products. FTOH off-gassing was observed under accelerated aging conditions. Future tests should include air sampling to allow determination of the absolute emission rates at different temperatures. The results of this study should be informative to exposure assessment and risk management.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States. Electronic address: liu.xiaoyu@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
authors.forename: Zhishi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: ARCADIS U.S., Inc., 4915 Prospectus Drive, Suite F, Durham, NC 27713, United States.
authors.forename: Edgar E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Folk
authors.affiliation: ARCADIS U.S., Inc., 4915 Prospectus Drive, Suite F, Durham, NC 27713, United States.
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Roache
mesh_terms: D003020:Clothing; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D006794:Household Articles; D006795:Household Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons
keywords: Consumer products; Emissions; Fluorotelomer alcohols; Indoor sources; Perfluorinated chemicals