title: Bioguided isolation, characterization, and biotransformation by Fusarium verticillioides of maize kernel compounds that inhibit fumonisin production.
abstract: Fusarium verticillioides infects maize ears, causing ear rot disease and contamination of grain with fumonisin mycotoxins. This contamination can be reduced by the presence of bioactive compounds in kernels that are able to inhibit fumonisin biosynthesis. To identify such compounds, we used kernels from a maize genotype with moderate susceptibility to F. verticillioides, harvested at the milk-dough stage (i.e., when fumonisin production initiates in planta), and applied a bioguided fractionation approach. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compound in the purified active fraction and its contribution to fumonisin inhibitory activity was up to 70%. Moreover, using a set of maize genotypes with different levels of susceptibility, chlorogenic acid was shown to be significantly higher in immature kernels of the moderately susceptible group. Altogether, our data indicate that chlorogenic acid may considerably contribute to either maize resistance to Fusarium ear rot, fumonisin accumulation, or both. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of fumonisin production by chlorogenic acid and one of its hydrolyzed products, caffeic acid, by following their metabolic fate in supplemented F. verticillioides broths. Our data indicate that F. verticillioides was able to biotransform these phenolic compounds and that the resulting products can contribute to their inhibitory activity.
authors.forename: Vessela
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Atanasova-Penichon
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernillon
authors.forename: Gisèle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchegay
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lornac
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinson-Gadais
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ponts
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zehraoui
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barreau
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard-Forget
mesh_terms: D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D001711:Biotransformation; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D037341:Fumonisins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C040048:caffeic acid