title: Quantitative evaluation of Radix Paeoniae Alba sulfur-fumigated with different durations and purchased from herbal markets: simultaneous determination of twelve components belonging to three chemical types by improved high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector.
abstract: In this study, a improved high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for simultaneous quantification of twelve major components belonging to three chemical types was developed and validated, and was applied to quantitatively compare the quality of Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) sulfur-fumigated with different durations and purchased from commercial herbal markets. The contents of paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoic acid and paeonol decreased whereas that of paeoniflorin sulfonate increased in RPA with the extending of sulfur-fumigation duration. Different levels of paeoniflorin sulfonate were determined in ten of seventeen commercial RPA samples, indicating that these ten samples may be sulfur-fumigated with different durations. Moreover, the relative standard deviation of the contents of each component was higher in the commercial sulfur-fumigated RPA samples than that in commercial non-fumigated RPA samples, and the percentage of the total average content of monoterpene glycosides in the determined analytes was higher in the decoctions of commercial sulfur-fumigated RPA than that in commercial non-fumigated RPA samples. All these results suggested that the established method was precise, accurate and sensitive enough for the global quality evaluation of sulfur-fumigated RPA, and sulfur-fumigation can not only change the proportions of bioactive components, but also cause the reduction of the quality consistency of both raw materials and aqueous decoctions of RPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Huan-Huan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Ru
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China. Electronic address: liyoubinli@sohu.com.
authors.forename: You-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China. Electronic address: songlinli64@126.com.
authors.forename: Song-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000737:chemistry; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D005651:Fumigation / Q000379:methods; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry; D029001:Herbal Medicine / Q000379:methods; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D029596:Paeonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; D039821:Monoterpenes; C015423:peoniflorin; C047591:benzoylpaeoniflorin; C047593:oxypaeoniflora; C013638:paeonol; D013455:Sulfur; D019817:Benzoic Acid
keywords: Decoction; HPLC–DAD; Quantification; Radix Paeoniae Alba; Sulfur-fumigation duration