title: Chemical behavior of sand alternatives in the marine environment.
abstract: Steel slag and granulated agglomerates from the steelmaking process, clinker ash and granulated agglomerates from thermal power stations, and molten slag from municipal solid waste incineration plants are some of the promising alternatives to marine sand for restoration of coastal marine habitats. In this study, the characteristics of elution of Ca from the six sand alternatives during aging in the marine environment was determined. The maximum calcium elution potentials of decarburized slag, dephosphorized slag, granulated slag, clinker ash, granulated ash, and molten slag were 204, 75, 26, 6, 19, and 5mgg(-1), respectively. However, the elution of Ca from decarburized and dephosphorized slags was limited to depths of about 140 and 300μm from the surface of the slag, whereas there was no limitation in calcium elution in 3mm from granulated agglomerates and ash. The maximum amount of calcium eluted into seawater during 500d was estimated to be almost the same for the four alternatives if the particle diameters were about 4.75mm because of the shallow maximum calcium elution depth of the decarburized and dephosphorized slag, even though their maximum elution potentials were 3-10 times those of granulated slag and granulated ash.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan. Electronic address: aqua@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1, Fukae-Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyougo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asaoka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshitsugu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Ube National College of Technology, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube City, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Chugoku-Shikoku Defense Bureau, 6-30, Kamihacchoubori, Nakaku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Daijirou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsunami
authors.affiliation: Chugoku-Shikoku Defense Bureau, 6-30, Kamihacchoubori, Nakaku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yorihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asaoka
authors.affiliation: The Faculty of Liberal Arts, Open University of Japan, 1-3-93, Bunkyo-Cho, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017745:Incineration; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Aging; Calcium; Elution; Marine environment; Sand-alternative