title: Are human adenovirus-5 and 36 associated with obesity in children?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine the association between adenovirus-5- and adenovirus-36-specific antibodies and obesity in children and to investigate their relationship with serum lipid and leptin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 120 children who were divided into subgroups according to body mass index percentile as obese (≥ 95th percentile) or nonobese (<95th percentile). The presence of adenovirus-36 and adenovirus-5-neutralizing antibodies was investigated by using the serum neutralization assay. Serum leptin levels were determined by microenzyme immonoassay; high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were measured by chemiluminescence method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of adenovirus-5-specific antibodies was 28.3% and 6.6% in the obese children and in non-obese children, respectively (P = 0.02). The frequency of adenovirus-36-specific antibodies was significantly greater (P = 0.018) in the obese children (26.6%) than in the non-obese children (10.0%). Serum leptin level of the obese group were significantly higher than that of the non-obese group (P = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the association between obesity and the presence of specific antibodies to adenovirus-36 and adenovirus-5 in children. Our research has the feature of being the first national study to indicate the relationship between adenovirus-36 and human obesity as well as the first international study to indicate the relationship between adenovirus-5 and human obesity.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Medical Microbiology, Karabuk State Hospital; Departments of †Medical Microbiology, ‡Pediatrics, and §Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa; and ∥Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Ýzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elcin Kal
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Cakmakliogullari
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanlidag
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akcali
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Var
authors.forename: Candan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cicek
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology