title: Optimizing IGF-I for skeletal muscle therapeutics.
abstract: It is virtually undisputed that IGF-I promotes cell growth and survival. However, the presence of several IGF-I isoforms, vast numbers of intracellular signaling components, and multiple receptors results in a complex and highly regulated system by which IGF-I actions are mediated. IGF-I has long been recognized as one of the critical factors for coordinating muscle growth, enhancing muscle repair, and increasing muscle mass and strength. How to optimize this panoply of pathways to drive anabolic processes in muscle as opposed to aberrant growth in other tissues is an area that deserves focus. This review will address how advances in the bioavailability, potency, and tissue response of IGF-I can provide new potential directions for skeletal muscle therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philippou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: erbarton@dental.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Elisabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000819:agonists; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1
keywords: Anabolism; Hypertrophy; Isoforms; Post-translational processing; Satellite cells