title: Addition of prothrombin to plasma can result in a paradoxical increase in activated partial thromboplastin time.
abstract: In the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay, a variety of nonphysiological reagents is used to induce contact activation. The sensitivity of the APTT response for different thrombin inhibitors has previously been found to be dependent on the used reagent. Recently, infusion of prothrombin (FII) has been used in in-vivo coagulopathy models and its effect has been analyzed in different assays. Therefore, we investigated whether the FII plasma concentration might affect APTT using different commercial reagents, applying both turbidimetry and viscometry. We compared both plasma-derived human FII (pd-hFII) and recombinant human FII (r-hFII). Similar results were found for pd-hFII and r-hFII with different APTT reagents. As expected, no effect on APTT was found by increasing the plasma concentration of FII using APTT reagents consisting of ellagic acid (Actin FS or Actin). Although with Pathromtin SL, consisting of SiO2, only a slight increase was found, with most other commercial APTT reagents, consisting of SiO2 or kaolin, APTT dose-dependently increased by increasing concentration of FII. Therefore, both Pathromtin SL and Actin FS were used to compare r-hFII and pd-hFII by determining the KM at 37C using FII-depleted plasma, providing values of 6 ± 0.3 nmol/l FII for both. Thus, at normal plasma concentrations of FII, the maximal initial thrombin generation rate should be reached and no effect on the coagulation time is expected at higher FII concentrations. To completely avoid the paradoxical effect in the APTT assay at FII concentrations higher than normal, Actin or Actin FS is the preferable reagent.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Bioscience, iMED CVMD, AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Mölndal bDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kenny M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Björkqvist
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deinum
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000737:chemistry*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013916:Thrombelastography
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011516:Prothrombin