title: Hemodynamic quantification in brain arteriovenous malformations with time-resolved spin-labeled magnetic resonance angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unenhanced time-resolved spin-labeled magnetic resonance angiography enables hemodynamic quantification in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Our purpose was to identify quantitative parameters that discriminate among different AVM components and to relate hemodynamic patterns with rupture risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients presenting with AVMs (7 women, 9 men; mean age 37.1±15.9 years) were assigned to the high rupture risk or low rupture risk group according to anatomic AVM characteristics and rupture history. High temporal resolution (<70 ms) unenhanced time-resolved spin-labeled magnetic resonance angiography was performed on a 3-T MR system. After dedicated image processing, hemodynamic quantitative parameters were computed. T tests were used to compare quantitative parameters among AVM components, between the high rupture risk and low rupture risk groups, and between the hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the quantitative parameters, time-to-peak (P<0.001) and maximum outflow gradient (P=0.01) allowed discriminating various intranidal flow patterns with significantly different values between feeding arteries and draining veins. With 9 AVMs classified into the high rupture risk group (whose 6 were hemorrhagic) and 7 into the low rupture risk group, the observed venous-to-arterial time-to-peak ratio was significantly lower in the high rupture risk (P=0.003) and hemorrhagic (P=0.001) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unenhanced time-resolved spin-labeled magnetic resonance angiography allows AVM-specific combined anatomic and quantitative analysis of AVM hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.). helene.raoult@chu-rennes.fr.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bannier
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurel
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neyton
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barillot
authors.affiliation: From the CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes, France (H.R., J.-C.F., J.-Y.G.); Unité VISAGES U746 INSERM-INRIA, IRISA UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes, Rennes, France (H.R., E.B., P.M., C.N., J.-C.F., C.B., J.-Y.G); and MR Application & Workflow Development, Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany (P.S.).
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Gauvrit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013113:Spin Labels; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: arteriovenous malformations; hemodynamics; magnetic resonance angiography