title: Persistence of depression in African American and Caucasian women at midlife: findings from the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN).
abstract: This study prospectively examined the course of depression in African American and Caucasian midlife women over an 11-year period. Racial differences in lifetime history of depression, severity of depressive symptoms and rates of depressive disorders at baseline, and persistence or recurrence of depression over an 11 year period were examined. Predictors of persistence/recurrence of depression were also examined. The sample was comprised of 423 midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS). All participants completed baseline and annual assessments, which included self-reported measures of health, functioning, and psychosocial factors, and clinician administered assessments of psychiatric disorders. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of depression persistence/recurrence. Findings indicated that African American and Caucasian women did not differ significantly in rates of lifetime and baseline depressive disorders, or severity of depressive symptoms. Annual assessments revealed no significant differences between the groups in rates of persistent/recurrent depression. While African American and Caucasian women do not differ in recurrence of depression at midlife, factors associated with depression differed by race.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, brownc@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Joyce T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bromberger
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: Sybil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000523:psychology*; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D016387:Women's Health