title: Endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas.
abstract: Endovascular management has become the treatment of choice for carotid-cavernous fistulas regardless of the fistula type. The endovascular method offers numerous options that render it capable of treating each fistula type by choosing an adequate technique. This advantage along with the advancement in the field has led to fewer complications with higher success rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 909 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanaty
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 909 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Nohra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chalouhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 909 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Stavropaula I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tjoumakaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 909 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rosenwasser
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 909 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 909 Walnut Street, 2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: pascal.jabbour@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jabbour
mesh_terms: D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: Carotid-cavernous fistulas; Cavernous sinus; Direct; Endovascular treatment; Indirect