title: Preliminary functional MRI results from a combined stop-signal alcohol-cue task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals suffering from alcohol use disorders tend to show impairments in inhibitory control, and these deficits may be exacerbated in the presence of craving-inducing alcohol cues. Imbalances between neural reward and control networks can influence the trajectory of alcohol use disorders such that individuals for whom the reward (craving) network strongly overpowers the control (inhibition) network tend to have worse outcomes. Brain activation related to inhibitory control can be examined using the stop-signal task (SST), which requires balancing speed and accuracy in the context of frequent go and infrequent stop stimuli. Further, brain areas related to cue-induced craving can be studied using visual cue tasks comparing neural responses to alcohol and control images. This study aims to explore the interaction of inhibitory control and cue-elicited craving using a single functional neuroimaging task.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a novel task involving presentation of alcohol and control cues concurrently with a standard SST paradigm and administered it to 53 heavy drinkers (29 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful response inhibition during alcohol compared to control picture trials was associated with significant activation in anterior cingulate, supplementary motor, and frontal inferior regions, and this activation was differentially related to alcohol use symptom severity across several self-report measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS suggest that recruitment of compensatory error detection and inhibitory control resources may be required for successful inhibition in the presence of alcohol cues among more severe drinkers. These preliminary findings support the construct validity of the task and indicate several methodological alterations to the task's design that should be implemented in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
authors.forename: Hollis C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Karoly
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
authors.forename: Amithrupa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabbineni
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hutchison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult