title: Permeation enhancer strategies in transdermal drug delivery.
abstract: Today, ∼74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found to be as effective as desired. To improve such characteristics, transdermal drug delivery was brought to existence. This delivery system is capable of transporting the drug or macromolecules painlessly through skin into the blood circulation at fixed rate. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive techniques of drug delivery. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are prevention from hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. Human skin surface, as a site of drug application for both local and systemic effects, is the most eligible candidate available. New controlled transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) technologies (electrically-based, structure-based and velocity-based) have been developed and commercialized for the transdermal delivery of troublesome drugs. This review article covers most of the new active transport technologies involved in enhancing the transdermal permeation via effective drug delivery system.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Harneet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marwah
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Goutam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rath
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Iontophoresis; nano-carriers; permeation enhancement; sonophoresis; transdermal drug delivery