title: The contribution of particle swarm optimization to three-dimensional slope stability analysis.
abstract: Over the last few years, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been extensively applied in various geotechnical engineering including slope stability analysis. However, this contribution was limited to two-dimensional (2D) slope stability analysis. This paper applied PSO in three-dimensional (3D) slope stability problem to determine the critical slip surface (CSS) of soil slopes. A detailed description of adopted PSO was presented to provide a good basis for more contribution of this technique to the field of 3D slope stability problems. A general rotating ellipsoid shape was introduced as the specific particle for 3D slope stability analysis. A detailed sensitivity analysis was designed and performed to find the optimum values of parameters of PSO. Example problems were used to evaluate the applicability of PSO in determining the CSS of 3D slopes. The first example presented a comparison between the results of PSO and PLAXI-3D finite element software and the second example compared the ability of PSO to determine the CSS of 3D slopes with other optimization methods from the literature. The results demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of PSO in determining the CSS of 3D soil slopes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Roohollah
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8596-5087
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalatehjari
authors.affiliation: Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Safuan A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nazri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Construction Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4186-9450
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajihassani
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003198:Computer Simulation