title: High-resolution mapping of two types of spontaneous mitotic gene conversion events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Gene conversions and crossovers are related products of the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination. Most previous studies of mitotic gene conversion events have been restricted to measuring conversion tracts that are <5 kb. Using a genetic assay in which the lengths of very long gene conversion tracts can be measured, we detected two types of conversions: those with a median size of ∼6 kb and those with a median size of >50 kb. The unusually long tracts are initiated at a naturally occurring recombination hotspot formed by two inverted Ty elements. We suggest that these long gene conversion events may be generated by a mechanism (break-induced replication or repair of a double-stranded DNA gap) different from the short conversion tracts that likely reflect heteroduplex formation followed by DNA mismatch repair. Both the short and long mitotic conversion tracts are considerably longer than those observed in meiosis. Since mitotic crossovers in a diploid can result in a heterozygous recessive deleterious mutation becoming homozygous, it has been suggested that the repair of DNA breaks by mitotic recombination involves gene conversion events that are unassociated with crossing over. In contrast to this prediction, we found that ∼40% of the conversion tracts are associated with crossovers. Spontaneous mitotic crossover events in yeast are frequent enough to be an important factor in genome evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: St Charles
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710 tom.petes@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Petes
mesh_terms: D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair; D005785:Gene Conversion; D059765:Homologous Recombination; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: DNA damage repair; gene conversion; loss of heterozygosity; mitotic recombination; yeast