title: The destiny of Ca(2+) released by mitochondria.
abstract: Mitochondrial Ca(2+) is known to regulate diverse cellular functions, for example energy production and cell death, by modulating mitochondrial dehydrogenases, inducing production of reactive oxygen species, and opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores. In addition to the action of Ca(2+) within mitochondria, Ca(2+) released from mitochondria is also important in a variety of cellular functions. In the last 5 years, the molecules responsible for mitochondrial Ca(2+) dynamics have been identified: a mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU), a mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCLX), and a candidate for a mitochondrial H(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (Letm1). In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial Ca(2+) release system, and discuss its physiological and pathophysiological significance. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mitochondrial Ca(2+) release system is not only crucial in maintaining mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis but also participates in the Ca(2+) crosstalk between mitochondria and the plasma membrane and between mitochondria and the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan, atakeuti@u-fukui.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Bongju
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D015220:Calcium Channels; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C488528:LETM1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C027614:calcium-hydrogen antiporters; C034703:mitochondrial calcium uniporter; D002118:Calcium