title: Enhanced enamel benefits from a novel toothpaste and dual phase gel containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the enamel health benefits of a novel toothpaste and a dual phase gel containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate and fluoride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enamel demineralisation was assessed using two pH cycling protocols with either lactic acid or citric acid as the acid challenge. Remineralisation of lactic acid softened and citric acid softened enamel was assessed using a number of protocols. All demineralisation and remineralisation evaluation was by surface microhardness measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The novel calcium silicate/phosphate fluoride toothpaste inhibited enamel demineralisation to a significantly (p<0.05) greater extent than control formulations, including a fluoride control. The novel calcium silicate/phosphate fluoride toothpaste also showed significant (p<0.05) remineralisation of lactic acid and citric acid softened enamel compared to fluoride and non-fluoride controls. The addition of the novel calcium silicate/phosphate fluoride dual phase gel provided enhanced remineralisation of citric acid softened enamel compared to fluoride and non-fluoride controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies show that formulations containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate salts and fluoride provide enhanced enamel demineralisation and remineralisation in vitro benefits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel oral care formulations containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate salts and fluoride is a new approach to the protection of enamel from acid attacks and the repair of demineralised enamel, leading to increased dental hard tissue benefits.
authors.affiliation: Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK. Electronic address: Kate.Hornby@Unilever.com.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hornby
authors.affiliation: Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.affiliation: Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: Carole J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Philpotts
authors.affiliation: Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.affiliation: Dental Product Testing, Therametric Technologies Inc, 9880 Douglas Floyd Parkway, Noblesville, Indiana 46060-7900, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schemehorn
authors.affiliation: Modus Laboratories Ltd, University of Reading, Early Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005782:Gels; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000188:drug therapy; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005782:Gels; D010710:Phosphates; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D017640:Silicates; D014100:Toothpastes; C012980:fluorophosphate; D019343:Citric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; C031293:calcium silicate; C018279:sodium phosphate
keywords: Calcium; Caries; Enamel; Erosion; Phosphate; Remineralisation