title: Reducing stress and anxiety in caregivers of lung transplant patients: benefits of mindfulness meditation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caregivers are a vital resource in the care of transplant candidates or recipients. However, few strategies have been tested that attempt to decrease the stress and anxiety they commonly encounter.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the feasibility of using mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) techniques to decrease stress and anxiety in caregivers of lung transplant candidates/recipients who required admission to an acute care facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 caregivers of lung transplant candidates/recipients were recruited during hospitalization of their significant other. Each completed the perceived stress scale (PSS) and state trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and 4 weeks after receiving a DVD that demonstrated MBSR techniques. Participants were asked to practice MBSR techniques for 5-15 min a day for 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants had a mean±SD age of 55.6±13.6 years; 77% of participants were female and 93% Caucasian. The mean PSS and STAI (trait and anxiety) scores of caregivers were higher than population norms pre- and post-intervention. Scores for caregivers who stated they watched the entire DVD and practiced MBSR techniques as requested (n=15) decreased significantly from pre- to post-testing for perceived stress (p=0.001), state anxiety (p=0.003) and trait anxiety (p=0.006). Scores for those who watched some or none of the DVD (n=15) did not change significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregivers can benefit from stress reduction techniques using MBSR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Spadaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Blazeck
keywords: Anxiety; Caregiver; Lung transplant; Meditation; Mindfulness; Stress