title: A survey of surgeons' perception and awareness of intraoperative time utilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical teams' awareness of the time needed to perform specific phases of a surgical procedure is likely to improve communication in the operating theatre and benefit patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess surgeons' awareness of time utilization and the actual time needed to perform specific phases of an operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was conducted to examine the method and design for a larger study. Interviews were conducted with 18 surgeons, and surgical time was measured during 21 colon cancer resections. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the factors that might affect operating time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical phase with the greatest variation in time was dissection/resection (43-308 minutes). On a group level, no statistically significant differences were found between estimated and measured surgical procedural times for partial or full resections (160.4 versus 173.0 minutes, p = 0.539). However, interindividual variation was substantial. There was a positive significant correlation between long duration of dissection/resection and longer time to close the abdomen (r = 0.464, p = 0.039), as well as between long duration of a hand-sewn anastomosis and time needed to close the abdomen (r = 0.536, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be difficult for a single surgeon to estimate the time required for a partial or full surgical procedure. A larger study might provide additional time estimates and identify variables that affect surgical time. The data could be of interest in the planning and scheduling of surgical resources, thus improving theatre team communication and patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Anaesthesia, Surgery, and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erestam
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Anaesthesia, Surgery, and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erichsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristoffer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Derwinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Campus Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodeda
keywords: Communication; Operating theatre; Patient safety; Surgical team; Surgical time