title: Plasma endocan levels associate with inflammation, vascular abnormalities, cardiovascular events, and survival in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Plasma endocan levels are elevated in a large number of diseases, and may reflect endothelial cell dysfunction. There are currently no data on endocan in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we measured plasma endocan in 251 patients with CKD (stage 1-5) and 60 control individuals. Plasma endocan concentrations correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), different markers of inflammation (pentraxin 3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and vascular abnormalities (flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT)). All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (CVE) were also analyzed with respect to plasma endocan. Patients with CKD showed significantly increased plasma endocan (4.7 [IQR 1.9-9.4] compared with controls [IQR 1.1-1.5] ng/ml), with values progressively higher across stages of CKD. On univariate analysis, plasma endocan concentrations correlated negatively with eGFR and FMV, but positively with both markers of inflammation and CIMT. However, on multivariate analysis only high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, FMV, and CIMT remained significantly associated with plasma endocan. On Cox survival analysis, endocan levels were associated with all-cause mortality and CVE in these patients. Thus, plasma endocan increases in the presence of decreasing eGFR and influences all-cause mortality and CVE in patients with CKD independent of traditional and nontraditional risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gr.T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Dimitrie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siriopol
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saglam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasemin G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilmi U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eyileten
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gok
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sebahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulgaffar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gr.T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mititiuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Gr.T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covic
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanbay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000097:blood*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins; C101134:ESM1 protein, human