title: Effect on smoking quit rate of telling smokers their health risk appraisal in terms of health age: a randomized control trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated whether providing health risk appraisal for Koreans (KHRA) in terms of 'health age' during smoking cessation program would effectively help smokers quit smoking or not.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 332 male smokers aged between 30-65 years old, registered for a smoking cessation program in a public health center in a city, were recruited and underwent a baseline survey from January 2010 to February 2011. They were then prospectively randomized to a conventional counseling group (n=165) or a KHRA group (n=167), and received conventional counseling or KHRA-based counseling for six months. Abstinence rates were identified through carbon monoxide measurement (at the 4th and 24th weeks) or urinary cotinine level (at the 12th week).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The abstinence rate confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide was significantly higher in the KHRA group (61.1%) than the control group (49.1%) at the 4th week (absolute difference 12.0%, 95% CI: 1.4%-22.6%). However, there was no difference in abstinence rates between the two groups at the 12th and 24th weeks. The predicting factors of 24 week's smoking cessation success were age, older than 50 years old (OR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.16-3.52), lower Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score less than 4 (OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03-3.29), and higher Self Efficacy/Temptation score (OR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05-3.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation counseling with KHRA could be effective compared to conventional counseling in the short period of smoking cessation. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of KHRA in tobacco dependence treatment and to establish the indication and target population of this tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Geonggi-do, Korea E-mail : leekangs@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Paek
authors.forename: Sungkyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kang-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyeon-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Myung-Shig
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cheol-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ok
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jeung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D003376:Counseling; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D003367:Cotinine