title: Serglycin expression: An independent marker of distant metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high propensity for metastasis. The purpose of this study was for us to determine whether serglycin expression can be used to predict distant metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serglycin expression of tumor tissue of 112 patients with NPC was assessed based on percentage of tumor cells expressing serglycin, staining intensity, percentage of tumor-infiltrated lymphocyte (TIL) expressing serglycin and TIL-staining intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for distant metastases include sex, smoking status, tumor intensity, and TIL percentage for serglycin. The odds of distant metastases was 4.13 and 0.18 in patients with strong tumor intensity and >50% TIL percentage, respectively. Based on a nomogram incorporating predictors, patients were stratified into 2 prognostic groups. The proportion of distant metastases in the high-risk group (strong tumor intensity and ≤50% TIL percentage) was 78% versus 19% in the low risk group (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with NPC with tumors showing strong tumor intensity and low TIL percentage with serglycin may be at high risk for distant metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|Wee Kim Wee Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Claramae Shulyn
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Whee Sze
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Centre Singapore-VARI Translational Research Program, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|State Key Laboratory of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yoke-Lim
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Soong
authors.affiliation: Wee Kim Wee Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Fui Teen
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|Wee Kim Wee Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hiang-Khoon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Khee-Chee
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Centre Singapore-VARI Translational Research Program, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|State Key Laboratory of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Centre Singapore-VARI Translational Research Program, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bin-Tean
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.|Wee Kim Wee Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: N Gopalakrishna
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011509:Proteoglycans; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C075430:serglycin
keywords: biomarker; distant recurrence; nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); prognostic; serglycin; theranostic