title: A web-based incident reporting system: a two years' experience in an Italian research and teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A web-based incident reporting system (IRS) is a tool allowing healthcare workers to voluntary and anonymously report adverse events/near misses. In 2010, this system was introduced in a research and teaching hospital in metropolitan area in the North part of Italy, in order to detect errors and to learn from failures in care delivery. The aim of this paper is to assess whether and how IRS has proved to be a valuable tool to manage clinical risk and improve healthcare quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adverse events are reported anonymously by staff members with the use of an online template form available in the hospital intranet. We retrospectively reviewed the recorded data for each incident/near miss reported between January 2011 and December 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of reported incidents/near misses was 521 in 2011 and 442 in 2012. In the two years the admissions were 36.974 and 36.107 respectively. We noticed that nursing staff made more use of IRS and that reported errors were basically related to prescription and administration of medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Much international literature reports that adverse events and near misses are 10% of admissions. Our data are far from that number, thus meaning that a failure in reporting adverse events exists. This consideration, together with the high number of near misses in comparison with occurred errors, leads us to speculate that adverse events with serious consequences for patients are marginally reported. Probably the lack of a strong leadership considering IRS as an instrument for improving quality and operators' reluctance to overcome the culture of blame may negatively affect IRS.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bodina
authors.affiliation: Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demarchi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Milan, Italy - Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castaldi
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007558:Italy; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies