title: Vaccine-induced inflammation attenuates the vascular responses to mental stress.
abstract: Inflammation is associated with poorer vascular function, with evidence to suggest that inflammation can also impair the vascular responses to mental stress. This study examined the effects of vaccine-induced inflammation on vascular responses to mental stress in healthy participants. Eighteen male participants completed two stress sessions: an inflammation condition having received a typhoid vaccination and a control (non-inflamed) condition. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (p's<.001) increased following vaccination, confirming modest increases in inflammation. Mental stress increased blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output in both conditions (all p's<.001), but the blood flow response to stress was attenuated having received the vaccination compared to the control condition (p's<.05). These results further implicate the interaction between inflammation and the vasculature as a mechanism through which stress may trigger myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. Electronic address: nicola.j.paine@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine (MIPH), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jos A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Drayson
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldred
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jet J C S
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Veldhuijzen van Zanten
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
keywords: Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Mental stress; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Vascular blood flow