title: Parylene C-based flexible electronics for pH monitoring applications.
abstract: Emerging materials in the field of implantable sensors should meet the needs for biocompatibility; transparency; flexibility and integrability. In this work; we present an integrated approach for implementing flexible bio-sensors based on thin Parylene C films that serve both as flexible support substrates and as active H(+) sensing membranes within the same platform. Using standard micro-fabrication techniques; a miniaturized 40-electrode array was implemented on a 5 μm-thick Parylene C film. A thin capping film (1 μm) of Parylene on top of the array was plasma oxidized and served as the pH sensing membrane. The sensor was evaluated with the use of extended gate discrete MOSFETs to separate the chemistry from the electronics and prolong the lifetime of the sensor. The chemical sensing array spatially maps the local pH levels; providing a reliable and rapid-response (<5 s) system with a sensitivity of 23 mV/pH. Moreover; it preserves excellent encapsulation integrity and low chemical drifts (0.26-0.38 mV/min). The proposed approach is able to deliver hybrid flexible sensing platforms that will facilitate concurrent electrical and chemical recordings; with application in real-time physiological recordings of organs and tissues.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. t.trantidou@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trantidou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. mehvesh.tariq10@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mehvesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.affiliation: National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. c.terracciano@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Cesare M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Terracciano
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. c.toumazou@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christofer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toumazou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. t.prodromakis@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Themistoklis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prodromakis
mesh_terms: D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014173:Transistors, Electronic; D014992:Xylenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014992:Xylenes; C011055:parylene