title: Significant association between the Axin2 rs2240308 single nucleotide polymorphism and the incidence of prostate cancer.
abstract: The Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in human cancer development, and axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2) is a master scaffold protein involved in Wnt signaling. Axin2 negatively regulates Wnt signaling and acts as a tumor suppressor protein. The present study evaluated the association between the Axin2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2240308 [guanine (G)/adenine (A)] and the incidence of prostate cancer. In total, 103 patients with prostate cancer and 100 cancer-free control males were included in this case-control study, and were genotyped using the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples. The results revealed a higher incidence of prostate cancer in the subjects with the homozygous GG genotype and a reduced cancer incidence in the patients with the GA genotype of the rs2240308 SNP (G/A) in the Axin2 gene. The adjusted odds ratio for carriers with the GA genotype was 0.377 (95% CI, 0.206-0.688; P=0.001) and that for the AA genotype was 0.830 (95% CI, 0.309-2.232; P=0.712) compared with the GG genotype. Therefore, the GA genotype was found to exhibit a protective effect that decreased the risk of prostate cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the significant association between this SNP (rs2240308, G/A) and the risk of prostate cancer. This association indicates the possibility that the variations in the Axin2 gene in this position may play a significant role in promoting the development of cancer in the prostate. We believe that the Axin2 SNP (rs2240308) could be a useful biomarker for the predisposition and early diagnosis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumon
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
keywords: Axin2; Wnt signaling pathway; prostate cancer; rs2240308; single nucleotide polymorphism