title: Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific effects on lipoprotein receptor processing.
abstract: Recent findings indicate an isoform-specific role for apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the elimination of beta-amyloid (Aβ) from the brain. ApoE is closely associated with various lipoprotein receptors, which contribute to Aβ brain removal via metabolic clearance or transit across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). These receptors are subject to ectodomain shedding at the cell surface, which alters endocytic transport and mitigates Aβ elimination. To further understand the manner in which apoE influences Aβ brain clearance, these studies investigated the effect of apoE on lipoprotein receptor shedding. Consistent with prior reports, we observed an increased shedding of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1) following Aβ exposure in human brain endothelial cells. When Aβ was co-treated with each apoE isoform, there was a reduction in Aβ-induced shedding with apoE2 and apoE3, while lipoprotein receptor shedding in the presence of apoE4 remained increased. Likewise, intracranial administration of Aβ to apoE-targeted replacement mice (expressing the human apoE isoforms) resulted in an isoform-dependent effect on lipoprotein receptor shedding in the brain (apoE4 > apoE3 > apoE2). Moreover, these results show a strong inverse correlation with our prior work in apoE transgenic mice in which apoE4 animals showed reduced Aβ clearance across the BBB compared to apoE3 animals. Based on these results, apoE4 appears less efficient than other apoE isoforms in regulating lipoprotein receptor shedding, which may explain the differential effects of these isoforms in removing Aβ from the brain.
authors.forename: Corbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachmeier
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shackleton
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mullan
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D002421:Caudate Nucleus; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D055806:Microvessels / Q000166:cytology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C573412:LDLR protein, human; C475476:LRP1 protein, human; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)