title: Parainfluenza virus type 1 induces epithelial IL-8 production via p38-MAPK signalling.
abstract: Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV-1) is the most common cause of croup in infants. The aim of this study was to describe molecular mechanisms associated with IL-8 production during HPIV-1 infection and the role of viral replication in MAPK synthesis and activation. An in vitro model of HPIV-1 infection in the HEp-2 and A549 cell lines was used; a kinetic-based ELISA for IL-8 detection was also used, phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was identified by Western blot analysis, and specific inhibitors for each kinase were used to identify which MAPK was involved. Inactivated viruses were used to assess whether viral replication is required for IL-8 production. Results revealed a gradual increase in IL-8 production at different selected times, when phosphorylation of MAPK was detected. The secretion of IL-8 in the two cell lines infected with the HPIV-1 is related to the phosphorylation of the MAPK as well as viral replication. Inhibition of p38 suppressed the secretion of IL-8 in the HEp-2 cells. No kinase activation was observed when viruses were inactivated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Mycology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Galván Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Mycology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabello Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Mycology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fidencio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mejía Nepomuceno
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Mycology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valle Peralta
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Mycology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valencia Maqueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Mycology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Manjarrez Zavala
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000528:radiation effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases