title: Statistical learning of serial visual transitions by neurons in monkey inferotemporal cortex.
abstract: If monkeys repeatedly, over the course of weeks, view displays in which two images appear in fixed sequence, then neurons of inferotemporal cortex (ITC) come to exhibit prediction suppression. The response to the trailing image is weaker if it follows the leading image with which it was paired during training than if it follows some other leading image. Prediction suppression is a plausible neural mechanism for statistical learning of visual transitions such as has been demonstrated in behavioral studies of human infants and adults. However, in the human studies, subjects are exposed to continuous sequences in which the same image can be both predicted and predicting and statistical dependency can exist between nonadjacent items. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether prediction suppression in ITC develops under such circumstances. To resolve this issue, we exposed monkeys repeatedly to triplets of images presented in fixed order. The results indicate that prediction suppression can be induced by training not only with pairs of images but also with longer sequences.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and tmeyer@cnbc.cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Travis
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-5368
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and.
authors.forename: Suchitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260.
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: inferotemporal; monkey; prediction suppression; statistical learning; vision