title: Establishment of a chronic left ventricular aneurysm model in rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a cost-effective and reproducible procedure for induction of chronic left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced in 35 rabbits via concomitant ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and the circumflex (Cx) branch at the middle portion. Development of AMI was confirmed by ST segment elevation and akinesis of the occluded area. Echocardiography, pathological evaluation, and agar intra-chamber casting were utilized to validate the formation of LVA four weeks after the surgery. Left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP) and diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured before, immediately after and four weeks after ligation. Dimensions of the ventricular chamber, thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), systolic volume (LVESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were recorded by echocardiogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty one (88.6%) rabbits survived myocardial infarction and 26 of them developed aneurysm (83.9%). The mean area of aneurysm was 33.4% ± 2.4% of the left ventricle. LVEF markedly decreased after LVA formation, whereas LVEDV, LVESV and the thickness of IVS as well as the dimension of ventricular chamber from apex to mitral valve annulus significantly increased. LVESP immediately dropped after ligation and recovered to a small extent after LVA formation. LVEDP progressively increased after ligation till LVA formation. Areas in the LV that underwent fibrosis included the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall but not IVS. Agar intra-chamber cast showed that the bulging of LV wall was prominent in the area of aneurysm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ligation of LAD and Cx at the middle portion could induce development of LVA at a mean area ratio of 33.4% ± 2.4% which involves the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall of the left ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Cang-Song
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Qing
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Li-Bing
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chong-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: Animal model; Intra-chamber cast; Left ventricular aneurysm; Myocardial infarction; Rabbit