title: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state without ketosis in a toddler with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: We present a thin toddler whose initial presentation with type 1 diabetes was hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome without diabetic ketoacidosis after ingestion of copious quantities of high-sugar beverages. Increasing consumption of high-sugar beverages may make this presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus more common. Emergency care physicians must be aware of this potential clinical constellation in the very young, as management differs significantly from that accepted for diabetic ketoacidosis in children.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; and †Department of Pediatric Critical Care, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Alharfi
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Cheril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clarson
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration