title: A prospective study of the potential moderating role of social support in preventing marginalization among individuals exposed to bullying and abuse in junior high school.
abstract: Negative physical and psychological long-term consequences of abuse and bullying are well documented. It is reasonable to assume that abuse and bullying early in life also may have an impact on the ability to work and stay economically independent later in life, but such prospective studies are lacking. This study investigates the consequences of exposure to abuse and bullying in junior high school, as measured by receiving long-term social welfare benefits in young adulthood. In addition, it explores the potential protective role of social support. Self-reported data from 13,633 (50.3% female) junior high school students were linked to registry data on their use of social welfare benefits from the age of 18 and for eight consecutive years. Cox regression analyses were applied to test the relationship between exposure to life adversities and the use of social welfare benefits, and the potential moderating role of social support. The analyses showed that individuals exposed to abuse and bullying had an increased likelihood of receiving social-welfare benefits compared with individuals not exposed to these types of abuse. Exposure to multiple types of abuse led to a higher likelihood of using social welfare benefits compared with single types of abuse and no abuse. The findings on the potential moderating role of social support were mixed, depending on the source of social support. Family support and classmate relationships were protective in reducing the likelihood of the use of social welfare benefits, whereas peer and teachers' support showed inconsistent patterns. These results are promising in terms of preventing the long-term negative consequences of abuse and bullying.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Pb 181 Nydalen, 0409, Oslo, Norway, i.f.strom@nkvts.unirand.no.
authors.forename: Ida Frugård
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Strøm
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thoresen
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wentzel-Larsen
authors.forename: Åse
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Sagatun
authors.forename: Grete
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dyb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012574:Schools; D057566:Self Report; D062487:Social Marginalization / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D012946:Social Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult