title: Effect of swallowing training on dysphagia and depression in postoperative tongue cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of swallowing training on dysphagia and depression in postoperative tongue cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight tongue cancer patients aged 45-81 years participated in the present study. All patients were scheduled to undergo partial tongue resection and flap rehabilitation. Changes in dysphagia and depression before and after swallowing training were measured. The water swallow test (WST) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the severity of dysphagia and depression, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WST level and SDS scores in the less than 50% tongue resection and rehabilitation group were significantly lower than those of the greater than 50% group. The WST level and SDS scores of the early tumor stage group were significantly lower than those of the advanced tumor stage group. WST levels and SDS scores before swallowing training were significantly greater than those measured after swallowing training. In all cases, lower WST levels were associated with lower SDS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative dysphagia, depression and anxiety were improved after swallowing training. Early identification and management of dysphagia can improve treatment outcomes and reduce depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhuoshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Weiliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: Zhiquanhuang1978@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhiquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005927:Glossectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Depression; Dysphagia; Postoperative; Swallowing training; Tongue cancer