title: Update on the development of enterovirus 71 vaccines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an etiological agent that causes severe neurological complications in children. EV71 outbreaks have occurred throughout the Asia-Pacific region, posing a severe global public health threat; however, no specific therapeutic strategy exists for treating EV71-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five manufacturers have produced inactivated EV71 whole virus vaccines in mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore, which have completed Phase III (mainland China) and Phase I (Taiwan and Singapore) clinical trials. Various EV71 vaccine candidates are being researched in animal models, including live-attenuated virus vaccine, recombinant VP1 vaccine, VP1-based DNA vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccine and virus-like particle vaccine. In this review, the present situation is summarized, and feasible improvements to the EV71 vaccine are explored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although inactivated EV71 vaccines are safe, efficient and elicit strong immune responses to protect adults, children and infants against infection, the quality control of production is critical.
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung University, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections , 259 Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333 (Zip code) , Taiwan +886 3 2118800 ext. 5497 ; +886 3 2118174 ; srshih@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-An
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Chuan-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Yen-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shin-Ru
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: enterovirus 71; inactivated EV71 whole virus vaccines; recombinant VP1; synthetic peptide; virus-like particle