title: Expectations of clinical teachers and faculty regarding development of the CanMEDS-Family Medicine competencies: Laval developmental benchmarks scale for family medicine residency training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The CanMEDS-Family Medicine (CanMEDS-FM) framework defines the expected terminal enabling competencies (EC) for family medicine (FM) residency training in Canada. However, benchmarks throughout the 2-year program are not yet defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify expected time frames for achievement of the CanMEDS-FM competencies during FM residency training and create a developmental benchmarks scale for family medicine residency training.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 2011-2012 study followed a Delphi methodology. Selected faculty and clinical teachers identified, via questionnaire, the expected time of EC achievement from beginning of residency to one year in practice (0, 6, 12, […] 36 months). The 15-85th percentile intervals became the expected competency achievement interval. Content validity of the obtained benchmarks was assessed through a second Delphi round.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1st and 2nd rounds were completed by 33 and 27 respondents, respectively. A developmental benchmarks scale was designed after the 1st round to illustrate expectations regarding achievement of each EC. The 2nd round (content validation) led to minor adjustments (1.9±2.7 months) of intervals for 44 of the 92 competencies, the others remaining unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine clarifies expectations regarding achievement of competencies throughout FM training. In a competency-based education system this now allows identification and management of outlying residents, both those excelling and needing remediation. Further research should focus on assessment of the scale reliability after pilot implementation in family medicine clinical teaching units at Laval University, and corroborate the established timeline in other sites.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Québec City , Canada.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacasse
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Théorêt
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arsenault
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000592:standards*; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D016730:Program Development; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: competency-based education; education; educational measurement; family practice; graduate; medical