title: Time course of changes in aniseikonia and foveal microstructure after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify aniseikonia in patients undergoing vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (ERM) and to investigate the relationship between the aniseikonia and the foveal microstructure by spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, consecutive, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 44 eyes of 44 patients undergoing vitrectomy for idiopathic ERM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined visual acuity and aniseikonia using the New Aniseikonia Test and SD-OCT before and 3 and 6 months after surgery. On the basis of the obtained OCT image, we divided the 1.0 × 1.0-mm area centered on the fovea into 9 sections at 0.25-mm intervals and quantified the following parameters using an image-processing program: central foveal thickness and mean thickness of the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer retinal layer (outer nuclear layer + outer plexiform layer). The status of the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction, external limiting membrane, and cone outer segment tips also was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amount of aniseikonia 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 44 patients, 39 (89%) had macropsia, 1 (2%) had micropsia, and 4 (9%) had no aniseikonia preoperatively. Mean preoperative aniseikonia was 6.2% ± 4.5%. Vitrectomy significantly improved visual acuity in patients with ERM but did not change the amount of aniseikonia. Multiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative aniseikonia at 6 months was significantly related to preoperative INL thickness, whereas postoperative aniseikonia at 6 months was associated with postoperative INL thickness at 6 months. Preoperative INL thickness was found to be of significant prognostic value for postoperative aniseikonia at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the patients with ERM had macropsia. Aniseikonia was not reduced after surgery. The amount of aniseikonia was associated with INL thickness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Electronic address: Fumiki-o@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Fumiki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshika
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000839:Aniseikonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy