title: Internal fixation with occipital hooks construct for occipito-cervical arthrodesis. Results in 14 young or small children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of effectiveness of internal rigid fixation for occipito-cervical fusion with occipital hooks and cervical screws and/or hooks to improve fusion in young or small children with various bone dysplasia or congenital abnormality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen children with mean age of 8.4 years and height and weight below 140 cm and 35 kg, respectively, who underwent occipito-cervical fusion for miscellaneous pathologies reading to stenosis and/or instability were reviewed. The posterior instrumentation consisted of a precontoured titanium plate rod with an occipital fixation by hooks and a vertebral fixation by screws and/or hooks. Eight patients had cervical fixation with C2 pedicle screws. The mean follow-up was 48 months (27-81 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients (92.8 %) had a complete fusion and no failure of the fixation was observed. We had two deep wound infections not related to implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Instrumentation was technically feasible even in a very young child. Rigid internal fixation in the little children did not increase surgical complications and significantly increased the union rate of occipito-cervical arthrodesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris Cedex 15, France, thierry.odent@nck.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odent
authors.forename: Rony
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bou Ghosn
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dusabe
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zerah
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glorion
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*