title: Insights into the interactions between maleimide derivates and GSK3β combining molecular docking and QSAR.
abstract: Many protein kinase (PK) inhibitors have been reported in recent years, but only a few have been approved for clinical use. The understanding of the available molecular information using computational tools is an alternative to contribute to this process. With this in mind, we studied the binding modes of 77 maleimide derivates inside the PK glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) using docking experiments. We found that the orientations that these compounds adopt inside GSK3β binding site prioritize the formation of hydrogen bond (HB) interactions between the maleimide group and the residues at the hinge region (residues Val135 and Asp133), and adopt propeller-like conformations (where the maleimide is the propeller axis and the heterocyclic substituents are two slanted blades). In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models using CoMSIA methodology were constructed to explain the trend of the GSK3β inhibitory activities for the studied compounds. We found a model to explain the structure-activity relationship of non-cyclic maleimide (NCM) derivatives (54 compounds). The best CoMSIA model (training set included 44 compounds) included steric, hydrophobic, and HB donor fields and had a good Q(2) value of 0.539. It also predicted adequately the most active compounds contained in the test set. Furthermore, the analysis of the plots of the steric CoMSIA field describes the elements involved in the differential potency of the inhibitors that can be considered for the selection of suitable inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quesada-Romero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mena-Ulecia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tiznado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caballero
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006003:Glycogen / Q000737:chemistry; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D008301:Maleimides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D008301:Maleimides; C043592:maleimide; D006003:Glycogen; D011494:Protein Kinases; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D008239:Lysine