title: In vitro synergism observed with azithromycin, clarithromycin, minocycline, or tigecycline in association with antifungal agents against Pythium insidiosum.
abstract: We describe here the in vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, minocycline, or tigecycline alone and in combination with amphotericin B, itraconazole, terbinafine, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, or micafungin against 30 isolates of the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The assays were based on the CLSI M38-A2 technique and the checkerboard microdilution method. The main synergisms observed were through the combination of minocycline with amphotericin B (73.33%), itraconazole (70%), and micafungin (70%) and of clarithromycin with micafungin (73.33%).
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francielli P K
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laerte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferreiro
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érico S
authors.initials: ÉS
authors.lastname: Loreto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maiara B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pilotto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bizzi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana S M
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tondolo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Régis A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zanette
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sydney H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil janio.santurio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santurio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058968:Pythiosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D011775:Pythium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000078304:Tigecycline
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000078304:Tigecycline; D017963:Azithromycin; D008911:Minocycline; D017291:Clarithromycin