title: Nanometer scale titanium surface texturing are detected by signaling pathways involving transient FAK and Src activations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that physico/chemical alterations on biomaterial surfaces have the capability to modulate cellular behavior, affecting early tissue repair. Such surface modifications are aimed to improve early healing response and, clinically, offer the possibility to shorten the time from implant placement to functional loading. Since FAK and Src are intracellular proteins able to predict the quality of osteoblast adhesion, this study evaluated the osteoblast behavior in response to nanometer scale titanium surface texturing by monitoring FAK and Src phosphorylations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four engineered titanium surfaces were used for the study: machined (M), dual acid-etched (DAA), resorbable media microblasted and acid-etched (MBAA), and acid-etch microblasted (AAMB). Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, interferometry, atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Thereafter, those 4 samples were used to evaluate their cytotoxicity and interference on FAK and Src phosphorylations. Both Src and FAK were investigated by using specific antibody against specific phosphorylation sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that both FAK and Src activations were differently modulated as a function of titanium surfaces physico/chemical configuration and protein adsorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be suggested that signaling pathways involving both FAK and Src could provide biomarkers to predict osteoblast adhesion onto different surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willian F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Zambuzzi
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Estevam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gutemberg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Esther R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Takamori
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Xerém, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Beltrão
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics/Director for Research Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Xerém, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D004738:Engineering; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014025:Titanium; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6