title: Effect of nasal sprays on an in vitro survival and morphology of nasoseptal cartilage.
abstract: Nasal sprays were introduced several years ago to support the treatment of allergic rhinitis. These sprays may come in direct contact with directly exposed nasoseptal cartilage (e.g. is case of nasoseptal perforation). To date, no studies investigated the effects of nasal sprays on cartilage tissues and cells. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the influence of two different nasal spray types (thixotropic and liposomal) on the vitality of nasoseptal chondrocytes. Human chondrocytes were isolated from surgically dissected tissues. Alternatively, nasal septa (porcine and human) tissue explants were used. The cell or explant cultures were treated with nasal sprays for 4-24 h. As a read-out, cell vitality and gene and protein expression profiles of type I and II collagen, SOX 9 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1 were compared to the untreated controls by means of real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining. Using the liposomal, but not thixotropic nasal spray in an explant or chondrocyte in vitro culture led to increased cell death, as compared to the untreated controls. A trend towards suppression of type II collagen and SOX 9 on protein level was found in cultures exposed to liposomal nasal spray, as compared to the controls. The thixotropic nasal spray has not affected the nasoseptal chondrocytes. Further studies with the use of viable nasoseptal cartilage explants and particularly using an in vivo animal model of exposed nasoseptal cartilage are necessary to clear the effect of liposomal spray on chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. katharina.stoelzel@charite.de.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stoelzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Garystrasse 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Garystrasse 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Garystrasse 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Agnieszka J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Szczepek
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olze
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Garystrasse 5, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gundula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulze-Tanzil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001546:Bentonite / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008610:Menthol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000473:pathology; D059085:Nasal Sprays; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D024043:Collagen Type II; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D008081:Liposomes; D059085:Nasal Sprays; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; D014815:Vitamins; D001546:Bentonite; D008610:Menthol; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C005398:phenoxyethanol; C002563:xanthan gum