title: The taxonomic foundation, species circumscription and continental endemisms of Singerocybe: evidence from morphological and molecular data.
abstract: The genus Singerocybe (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) has been the subject of controversy since its proposal in 1988. Its taxonomic foundation, species circumscription and geographical distribution have not yet been examined with molecular sequence data. In this study phylogenetic analyses on this group of fungi were conducted based on collections from Europe, eastern Asia, southern Asia, North America and Australia, with four nuclear markers, ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α and rpb2. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, together with morphological observations, strongly support Singerocybe as a monophyletic group and identify the vesicles in the pileal and stipe cuticle as a synapomorphy of this genus. Seven species are recognized in the genus, including one new species and four new combinations. Clitocybe trogioides and Clitocybe trogioides var. odorifera are synonyms of Singerocybe humilis and Singerocybe alboinfundibuliformis respectively. Most of these species are geographically restricted in their distributions. Furthermore our study expands the distribution range of Singerocybe from the North Temperate Zone to Australia (Tasmania) and tropical southern Asia.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Bang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China fungi@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhu L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, and School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ratkowsky
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia, and School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.affiliation: 284-1 Ouhama, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Systematic Botany & Mycology, FB17, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straβe, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rexer
authors.affiliation: Systematic Botany & Mycology, FB17, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straβe, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Samantha C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Karunarathna
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001208:Asia; D001315:Australia; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009656:North America; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013172:Spores, Fungal
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012319:RNA Polymerase II
keywords: Allopatric speciation; Singerocybe umbilicata; monophyly; new combinations; synapomorphy