title: Two faces of group-based shame: moral shame and image shame differentially predict positive and negative orientations to ingroup wrongdoing.
abstract: This article proposes distinctions between guilt and two forms of shame: Guilt arises from a violated norm and is characterized by a focus on specific behavior; shame can be characterized by a threatened social image (Image Shame) or a threatened moral essence (Moral Shame). Applying this analysis to group-based emotions, three correlational studies are reported, set in the context of atrocities committed by (British) ingroup members during the Iraq war (Ns = 147, 256, 399). Results showed that the two forms of shame could be distinguished. Moreover, once the other form of shame was controlled for, they were differentially related to orientations toward the outgroup: Image Shame was associated with negative orientations, whereas Moral Shame had associations with positive outgroup orientations. These associations were distinct from the associations of guilt and rejection. Study 3 used a longitudinal design and provided evidence suggestive of a causal direction from emotions to outgroup orientation.
authors.affiliation: University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Jesse A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Allpress
authors.affiliation: University of Sussex, Brighton, UK r.brown@sussex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: University of Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giner-Sorolla
authors.affiliation: University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julien A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deonna
authors.affiliation: University of Geneva, Switzerland University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teroni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D012649:Self Concept; D012752:Shame; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: apology; avoidance; guilt; shame