title: Metabolic syndrome among urban Indian young adults: prevalence and associated risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban Indian young adults (18-25 years) as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), Internation Diabetes Federation (IDF), and Indian consensus statement criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 473 urban young adults through simple random sampling methodology to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was estimated to be 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-5.8], 6.6% (95% CI 4.6-9.1), and 8.7% (95% CI 6.4-11.6) using the NCEP ATP III, IDF, and Indian consensus statement criteria, respectively. Men had significantly higher waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides, whereas mean concentrations of both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol were significantly higher among women. Low HDL-C (38.9%), high blood pressure (26%), and central obesity (16.1%) were the most common component risk factors. Although less than 4% of normal weight adults met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, rates increased in overweight individuals and reached a prevalence of 87% in the obese participants. In all, 61.3% of the total population had one or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high among urban young adults in India, and it increased with increase in body mass index (BMI). Each component risk factor in isolated form-increased BMI, smoking, and history of hypertension--is an associated risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Although it is unclear whether metabolic syndrome screening in young Indians as a means to prevent adverse cardiovascular health outcomes is appropriate, healthy lifestyles should nevertheless be encouraged, and young adults should be considered as an important group for cardiovascular risk reduction programs.
authors.affiliation: 1 GYD Diagnostics and Reference Laboratories (P) Ltd. , Secunderabad, India .
authors.forename: Dinaker
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.forename: Chengapp Kechamada
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Uthappa
authors.forename: Sri Rama
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kattula
authors.forename: Ramesh Reddy
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chava
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oruganti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides