title: Comparison of effective dose and lifetime risk of cancer incidence of CT attenuation correction acquisitions and radiopharmaceutical administration for myocardial perfusion imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the organ dose and calculate effective dose from CT attenuation correction (CTAC) acquisitions from four commonly used gamma camera single photon emission CT/CT systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  CTAC dosimetry data was collected using thermoluminescent dosemeters on GE Healthcare's Infinia™ Hawkeye™ (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) four- and single-slice systems, Siemens Symbia™ T6 (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and the Philips Precedence (Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Organ and effective dose from the administration of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin and (99m)Tc-sestamibi were calculated using International Commission of Radiological Protection reports 80 and 106. Using these data, the lifetime biological risk was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Siemens Symbia gave the lowest CTAC dose (1.8 mSv) followed by the GE Infinia Hawkeye single-slice (1.9 mSv), GE Infinia Hawkeye four-slice (2.5 mSv) and Philips Precedence v. 3.0. Doses were significantly lower than the calculated doses from radiopharmaceutical administration (11 and 14 mSv for (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin and (99m)Tc-sestamibi, respectively). Overall lifetime biological risks were lower, which suggests that using CTAC data posed minimal risk to the patient. Comparison of data for breast tissue demonstrated a higher risk than that from the radiopharmaceutical administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTAC doses were confirmed to be much lower than those from radiopharmaceutical administration. The localized nature of the CTAC exposure compared to the radiopharmaceutical biological distribution indicated dose and risk to the breast to be higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research proved that CTAC is a comparatively low-dose acquisition. However, it has been shown that there is increased risk for breast tissue especially in the younger patients. As per legislation, justification is required and CTAC should only be used in situations that demonstrate sufficient net benefit.
authors.affiliation: The University of Salford, Directorate of Radiography, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tootell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szczepura
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogg
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009426:Netherlands; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000009:adverse effects; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C078700:technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi