title: Diagnosis of arboviruses using indirect sandwich IgG ELISA in horses from the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Amazon as a whole is the largest reservoir of arboviruses worldwide, while the Brazilian Amazon hosts the largest variety of arboviruses isolated to date. In this study, the results of an indirect sandwich IgG ELISA, standardized for 19 arbovirustypes circulating among horses in Brazilian Amazon, were compared to results of the hemagglutination inhibition test. A screening test assessed the conditional probability distribution and a Pearson linear correlation test determined the correlation strength among the absorbance values recorded for viruses from the same family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity varied between 40.85 and 100%; the specificity was low and ranged from 39.71 to 67.0%; and the accuracy varied between 41 and 65.2%. The test developed in this study yielded a large number of serological cross-reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The test can be employed to detect IgG antibodies within one arbovirus family; however, the hemagglutination test or other more specific techniques, such as the serum neutralization test in mice or the plaque-reduction neutralization test, are essential complementary methods for positive cases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Livestock Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará State 66077-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre do Rosário
authors.initials: Ado R
authors.lastname: Casseb
authors.affiliation: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Roberto Teixeira
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sueli Guerreiro
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Salbé
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Travassos da Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia Medeiros Neves
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Casseb
authors.affiliation: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samir Manssor Moraes
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Casseb
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará State, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro Patroca
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Livestock Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará State 66077-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Dayane Leal
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil ; Department of Pathology, Pará State University, Belém, Pará State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Fernando da Costa
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
keywords: Arboviruses; ELISA; Horses