title: Vitamin D status is associated with adiposity in male ice hockey players.
abstract: The prevalence of insufficient vitamin D status is of concern and may negatively affect health and physical performance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was twofold, as follows: to assess the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency among young hockey players and evaluate the association between 25(OH)D concentration and fat mass (FM) after adjusting for covariates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected for 53 junior and collegiate ice hockey players residing near Minneapolis, MN (44.9° N) during the off-season (May 16 to June 28). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to assess 25(OH)D concentration, and hydrostatic weighing was used to determine FM. Dietary intake and endogenous synthesis of vitamin D were evaluated via a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty (37.7%) athletes possessed insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations (<32 ng·mL(-1)). Log-transformed 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with FM in the athletes (r = -0.52, n = 51, P = 0.001). After controlling for measured covariates using sequential linear regression, the adjusted R2 change value indicated that 8.1% of the variability in (log of) 25(OH)D concentration was predicted by FM (P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study demonstrate an inverse association between FM and vitamin D status after adjusting for environmental, dietary, and anthropometric predictors in a sample population of athletes. Athletes with higher levels of adiposity may be at increased risk of poor vitamin D status.
authors.affiliation: 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and 2Human and Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Greg S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Stacy J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ingraham
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D006688:Hockey / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013472:Sunlight; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D