title: Optical coherence tomography-based measurement of drusen load predicts development of advanced age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether baseline drusen load, as measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT), is a useful predictor of development of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  setting: Academic clinical practice. study population: All patients with non-neovascular AMD and no retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy at baseline who were seen between 2007 and 2012 in a single academic retina practice. A minimum of 1 year of follow-up was required. observation: Drusen load (area and volume) was assessed using automated SD OCT software algorithms. main outcome measure: RPE atrophy area, assessed using an automated SD OCT software algorithm, and the development of neovascular AMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three patients met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 80 years and a mean follow-up time of 2.8 years. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed an association between drusen area (P = .005) and drusen volume (P = .001) and the development of RPE atrophy. We also found an association between drusen area (P = .001) and drusen volume (P = .001) and the development of neovascular AMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drusen load, as measured using SD OCT, is associated with the development of RPE atrophy and neovascular AMD. SD OCT assessments of drusen load are simple and practical measurements that may be useful in stratifying the risk of developing advanced AMD. These measurements have potential applications in both routine clinical care and clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Nawaaz A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nathoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Or
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Lica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.affiliation: Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kirker
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Albiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Merkur
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: farzin.forooghian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Farzin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forooghian
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*