title: Trends in nutritional intakes and nutrition-related cardiovascular disease risk factors in Lebanon: the need for immediate action.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and their association with dietary variables in the Lebanese population while reviewing secular trends in the population's nutritional intakes and nutrition-related CVD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on CVD risk factors and food consumption patterns in Lebanon were collected from scholarly papers, including individual studies and systematic review articles. Electronic databases were searched using combinations of key terms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of obesity in Lebanon followed an alarming increasing trend over time, paralleled by an escalation in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Food consumption surveys illustrate an increasing trend in energy intake and the proportion of energy derived from fat and animal products, with a concomitant decrease in carbohydrates and cereals intakes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The shift towards an atherogenic diet coupled with the alarming increase in nutrition-related cardiovascular risk factors suggest that the Lebanese population is at an increased risk for CVDs. This should alert to the importance of formulating multicomponent intervention strategies at both the individual and population levels to halt the progression of nutrition-related diseases in the country, while highlighting the need for immediate public health efforts to promote the adoption of healthy dietary habits.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nasreddine
authors.forename: Farah A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Naja
authors.forename: Abla-Mehio
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sibai
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helou
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adra
authors.forename: Nahla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hwalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult