title: Correlation between impulsivity and executive function in patients with Parkinson disease experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression and anxiety are comorbidities often associated with Parkinson disease (PD). Recent studies debate on how affective disorders can influence the cognition of patients with PD. This study sought to investigate how depression and anxiety affect specific executive functions and impulsivity traits in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with advanced PD and 28 closely matched healthy volunteers (HV) were assessed for depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity, executive function and control attention and behavioral response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the HV group, the PD group showed significantly higher perseverative responses and slowness to adapt to changes in environmental stimuli and longer reaction time for inter-stimulus interval change. Depression symptoms were significantly correlated to motor impulsivity score and total Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS -11) score. Moreover, there was also significant correlation between anxiety symptoms and attentional impulsivity score and total BIS-11 score. Correlation analysis between impulsivity and control attention indicated a positive correlation in commission and a negative correlation in reaction time and detectability in the PD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that depression and anxiety were highly correlated to impulsivity but not to executive functions changes in these PD patients.
authors.affiliation: LINEU, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil fmcolucci@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernanda Colucci
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Fonoff
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erich Talamoni
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Fonoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Egberto Reis
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: LINEU, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachael Brant
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Ciampi
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: LINEU, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuentes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Parkinson disease; anxiety; attention; depression; executive functioning