title: Sitagliptin use in patients with diabetes and heart failure: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is uncertainty in the literature about whether dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors cause harm in patients with HF and T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a national commercially insured U.S. claims database. Patients with incident HF were identified from individuals with T2D initially treated with metformin or sulfonylurea and followed over time. Subjects subsequently using sitagliptin were compared with those not using sitagliptin in the 90 days before our primary outcome of all-cause hospital admission or death using a nested case-control analysis after adjustment for demographics and clinical and laboratory data. HF-specific hospital admission or death also was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 7,620 patients with diabetes and incident HF met our inclusion criteria. Mean (SD) age was 54 years (9), and 58% (3,180) were male. Overall, 887 patients (12%) were exposed to sitagliptin therapy (521 patient years of exposure) after incident HF. Our primary composite endpoint occurred in 4,137 patients (54%). After adjustment, sitagliptin users were not at an increased risk for the primary endpoint (7.1% vs. 9.2%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69 to 1.03) or each component (hospital admission 7.5% vs. 9.2%, aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.76 to 1.14; death 6.9% vs. 9.3%, aOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.97). However, sitagliptin use was associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalizations (12.5% vs. 9.0%, aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sitagliptin use was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause hospitalizations or death, but was associated with an increased risk of HF-related hospitalizations among patients with T2D with pre-existing HF.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; ACHORD, 2-040 Li Ka Shing Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniala L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Finlay A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Ambikaipakan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senthilselvan
authors.affiliation: ACHORD, 2-040 Li Ka Shing Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jasjeet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Minhas-Sandhu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; ACHORD, 2-040 Li Ka Shing Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: deurich@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Dean T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Eurich
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D014230:Triazoles; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate
keywords: diabetes; heart failure; hospitalization; mortality; sitagliptin