title: Monitoring of pesticide residues in human breast milk from Punjab, India and its correlation with health associated parameters.
abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the present status of pesticide residues in breast milk from Punjab. A total of 127 breast milk samples were analyzed and pesticide residues were detected in 25 % of the milk samples. Residues of cyfluthrin, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, profenophos, γ-HCH, β-HCH, chlorpyriphos, monocrotophos, p,p' DDE and phosalone were detected with mean levels of 63.04, 11.69, 3.63, 2.66, 2.64, 2.29, 1.91, 1.63, 0.56 and 0.29 ng g(-1), respectively. Cyfluthrin was leading pesticide detected in breast milk contributing 31.28 % to the total residue load. It was observed that the residue levels were decreasing with increase in parity and age of mother and cyfluthrin had highest mean concentration of 90.63 ng g(-1) in the first parity and 21.11 ng g(-1) in youngest age group. Residue levels were higher in urban population than the rural population although, statistically non-significant difference was found between the two (p > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Zoonoses, GADVASU, Ludhiana, 141004, India, anupamasharma.vph@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: J P S
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pooni
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis*; D010298:Parity; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis*; D012424:Rural Population; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011722:Pyrethrins; C052570:cyfluthrin