title: Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography, a less painful procedure for tubal patency testing during fertility workup compared with (serial) hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) is a less painful first line tubal patency test than serial hysterosalpingography (HSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-center, prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital and teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 subfertile women, ages 18 to 41 years, with an indication for tubal patency testing as part of the fertility workup according to the Dutch Nederlandse Vereniging voor Obsteterie & Gynaecologie-guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tubal patency testing by HyFoSy versus serial HSG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores during tubal patency testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median VAS score for pain perception during the HyFoSy procedure was 1.7 cm (interquartile range: 2.1) compared with 3.7 cm (interquartile range: 4.2) during HSG. The HyFoSy procedure also had a statistically significantly shorter procedure time compared with HSG, with a median of 5.0 minutes (interquartile range: 3.0) for HyFoSy versus 12.5 minutes (interquartile range: 16.0) for HSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HyFoSy procedure is a less painful and less time-consuming tubal patency test compared with HSG.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Netherlands National Trial Register NTR3457.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: k.dreyer@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Out
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter G A
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hompes
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Velja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mijatovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies
keywords: HSG; HyFoSy; hysterosalpingo-foam sonography; hysterosalpingography; pain perception; subfertility; tubal patency test