title: The effects and measures of auricular acupressure and interactive multimedia for smoking cessation in college students.
abstract: The earlier one starts to smoke, the more likely it is that one's tobacco use will increase. Either auricular acupressure or multimedia education could improve physiological health status and reduce smoking for young smokers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 10-week auricular acupressure (AA) and interactive multimedia (IM) on smoking cessation in college smokers. A pre- and posttest control research design with two experiments (AA and IM) and one control was used. Thirty-two participants were in each of three groups. A significant difference from pretest to posttest among three groups was exhibited on carbon monoxide (CO), cotinine, and nicotine dependence. Scheffe's post hoc test found significances on CO in the AA between the IM and the control and cotinine and nicotine dependence between the AA and the control. After controlling the covariates, the main effect of the group was no difference in all outcomes. The interventions, especially AA, may contribute to a decrease of CO, cotinine, and nicotine dependence along with the time change. An analysis without controlling influences may overestimate interventional effects.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365, Ming-Te Road, Pei-Tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University & China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; School of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaung-Geng
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365, Ming-Te Road, Pei-Tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chung