title: [The inhibitory effect of As₂O₃ combined with phorbol ester on the proliferation of Kasumi-1 cells and its mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) combined with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) on the proliferation of Kasumi-1 cell line and its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kasumi-1 cells were treated with 200 nmol/L TPA, different concentrations of As₂O₃ alone and combined with 200 nmol/L TPA. The proliferative inhibition rates were determined with CCK-8. Annexin V was adopted to detect apoptosis. Colony formation assay was used to determine the cloning efficiency. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell differentiation and cell cycle changes. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of P38 and p-P38.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferation inhibition rates of Kasumi-1 cells by TPA combined with different concentrations of As₂O₃ (0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mmol/L)for 48 h were (25.56 ± 7.29)%, (60.63 ± 6.64)%, and (73.37 ± 2.15)%, the apoptosis rates were (61.65 ± 2.62)%, (75.39 ± 1.04)%, and (89.95 ± 1.46)%, and the colony formation rates were (76.17 ± 2.06)%, (38.50 ± 1.87)%, and (18.53 ± 2.20)%, respectively, compared with the different concentrations of As₂O₃ alone groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Cells treated with both TPA and As₂O₃ expressed more CD11b antigens compared with the cells exposed to As₂O₃ alone. TPA treated Kasumi-1 cells were arrested at G1 phase compared with the control group, while As₂O₃ increased the percentage of Kasumi-1 cells in the G2 phase. Combination treatment increased the expression of p-P38 of Kasumi-1 cells compared with the cells exposed to As₂O₃ alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPA can enhance the effect of As₂O₃ on inducing apoptosis and regulating cell cycle, thereby enhancing its anti-leukemia effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Jinxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide