title: Association of the Co-stimulatory Molecules Polymorphisms with CMV Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Co-stimulatory molecules play a critical role in regulating T-cell function during CMV infection after liver transplantation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of the co-stimulatory genes and the susceptibility to CMV infection after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD-1 gene (PD1.1 A/G, PD1.3 A/G, PD1.9 C/T) ICOS (-693 A/G, 1720 C/T), CTLA-4 gene (318 C/T, 1722 T/C, 1661 A/G, 49 A/G) and CD28 (+17 C/T) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 70 liver transplant patients. CMV infection was determined in these patients by antigenemia test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTLA-4 49G showed significant association with CMV infection (p=0.03, OR=3.82, 95% CI: 0-3.5; p=0.01, OR=004, 95% CI: 0-1.3). G and T alleles in CTLA-4 gene (318 C/T and 1661 A/G) (p=0.03, OR=0, 95% CI: 0-3.5; p=0.01, OR=0.04, 95% CI: 0-1.3) were significantly higher in CMV-infected rejector group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTLA-4 have significant role in CMV pathogenesis and rejection among CMV-positive liver transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Jahrom branch, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motazedian
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geramizadeh
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikeghbalian
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yaghobi
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Jahrom branch, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abedi
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hossin Aghdaee
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arabpour
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Malekpour
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namayandeh
keywords: CMV; Liver; Rejection; Transplant recipient; pathogenesis; polymorphisms