title: Assessment of dietary exposure to bisphenol A in the French population with a special focus on risk characterisation for pregnant French women.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in a wide variety of products and objects for consumers use (digital media such as CD's and DVD's, sport equipment, food and beverage containers, medical equipment). Here, we demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of this contaminant in foods with a background level of contamination of less than 5 μg/kg in 85% of the 1498 analysed samples. High levels of contamination (up to 400 μg/kg) were found in some foods of animal origin. We used a probabilistic approach to calculate dietary exposure from French individual consumption data for infants under 36 months, children and adolescents from 3 to 17 years, adults over 18 years and pregnant women. The estimated average dietary exposure ranged from 0.12 to 0.14 μg/kg body weight per day (bw/d) for infants, from 0.05 to 0.06 μg/kg bw/d for children and adolescents, from 0.038 to 0.040 μg/kg bw/d for adults and from 0.05 to 0.06 μg/kg bw/d for pregnant women. The main sources of exposure were canned foods (50% of the total exposure), products of animal origin (20%) and 30% as a background level. Based on the toxicological values set by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) for pregnant women, the risk was non negligible. Thus, we simulated scenarios to study the influence of cans and/or food of animal origin on the BPA-related risk for this specific population.
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France. Electronic address: nawel.bemrah@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Nawel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bemrah
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rivière
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Moez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanaa
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leconte
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Morgane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachelot
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Yoann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deceuninck
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Bruno Le
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bizec
authors.affiliation: Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dauchy
authors.affiliation: Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Alain-Claude
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Roudot
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, Paris, France; INRA, UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Camel
authors.affiliation: Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grob
authors.affiliation: Université de Lorraine, École Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires (ENSAIA) - Unité de recherche animal et fonctionnalités des produits animaux, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feidt
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Picard-Hagen
authors.affiliation: CNRS-University of Franche-Comte, UMR 6249 Chrono-environment USC INRA, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Badot
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foures
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Department - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leblanc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Dietary exposure; Food contamination; Occurrence; Risk characterisation