title: Placenta previa and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age newborn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether there is an association between placenta previa and delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborn and to quantify the contribution of individual risk factors for SGA that are associated with placenta previa stratified by maternal parity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study using the Finnish Medical Birth Register during 2000-2010. All singleton births (N=596,562) were included; major congenital anomalies were excluded. An association between SGA (less than 2 standard deviations below the mean) and placenta previa was modeled by parity-specific unadjusted and adjusted statistical models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placenta previa complicated 625 of 249,476 singleton births among nulliparous women (2.50/1,000) and 915 of 347,086 singleton births among multiparous women (2.64/1,000). Among nulliparous women, the most common risk factor for placenta previa was in vitro fertilization; placenta previa was not associated with an increased prevalence of SGA controlling for maternal age, smoking, in vitro fertilization, socioeconomic status, and preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-1.17). Among multiparous women, placenta previa was associated with a twofold increased risk of SGA controlling for maternal age, parity, prior preterm birth, prior caesarean delivery, prior SGA newborn, prior preeclampsia, smoking, in vitro fertilization, socioeconomic status, and preeclampsia (adjusted OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.50-2.89). Furthermore, only one-fourth of the association between SGA and placenta previa could be explained by controlling for risk factors clustering with placenta previa among multiparous women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placenta previa is associated with impaired fetal growth in multiparous but not nulliparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, and the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and the Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Räisänen
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kancherla
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gissler
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D010298:Parity; D010923:Placenta Previa / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D055815:Young Adult