title: Investigation of effects of time of measurement and modes of administration on cadmium accumulation in rat liver under some medicinal plants food supplemented diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cadmium (Cd) toxicity leads to cell and organ damage, we comparatively examined the protection ability of different medicinal plants on Cd liver accumulation following different treatment interventions and modes of administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were fed either 7% w/w Zingiber officinale, 7% w/w Allium Sativum, 10% w/w Lycopersicon esculentum, 5%, w/w Garcinia kola (all in rat chow), while Cd (200 ppm) was given in drinking water. Additives were administered together with (mode 1), a week after (mode 2) or a week before metal exposure (mode 3) for a period of six weeks. Cd liver was determined using AAS and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All additives significantly (P <0.5) reduced the accumulation of Cd in the liver. After adjusting for time and mode of administration, mean %protection for week 4 was significantly lower by 14.1% (P=0.02) from that for week 2 but the means did not differ with respect to additive used or mode of administration, no statistically significant interaction between modes of administration and either of additives used or time of administration in their respective relationships to percentage protection from Cd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additives significantly reduced Cd accumulation through a reduction in absorption and enhancement of metal excretion.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Metabolism Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
authors.forename: Chukwuemeka R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Nwokocha
authors.affiliation: Tropical Metabolism Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
authors.forename: Novie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Younger-Coleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
authors.forename: Magdalene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nwokocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Daniel U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Owu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwuala
keywords: Accumulation pattern; Allium sativum; Cadmium; Garcinia kola; Lycopersicon esculentum; Zingiber officinale; liver; mode of administration