title: Brain involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate structural brain changes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 18 IBD patients (aged 45.16 ± 14.71 years) and 20 aged-matched control subjects. The imaging protocol consisted of a sagittal-FLAIR, a T1-weighted high-resolution three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo sequence, and a multisession spin-echo echo-planar diffusion-weighted sequence. Differences between patients and controls in brain volume and diffusion indices were evaluated using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) methods, respectively. The presence of white-matter hyperintensities (WMHIs) was evaluated on FLAIR images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VBM revealed decreased grey matter (GM) volume in patients in the fusiform and the inferior temporal gyrus bilaterally, the right precentral gyrus, the right supplementary motor area, the right middle frontal gyrus and the left superior parietal gyrus (p < 0.05). TBSS showed decreased axial diffusivity (AD) in the right corticospinal tract and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus in patients compared with controls. A larger number of WMHIs was observed in patients (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with IBD show an increase in WMHIs and GM atrophy, probably related to cerebral vasculitis and ischaemia. Decreased AD in major white matter tracts could be a secondary phenomenon, representing Wallerian degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • There is evidence of central nervous system involvement in IBD. • Diffusion tensor imaging detects microstructural brain abnormalities in IBD. • Voxel based morphometry reveals brain atrophy in IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Anastasia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Zikou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosmidou
authors.forename: Loukas G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Astrakas
authors.forename: Loukia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tzarouchi
authors.forename: Epameinondas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsianos
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Argyropoulou
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology