title: Association between Giardia duodenalis and coinfection with other diarrhea-causing pathogens in India.
abstract: Giardia duodenalis, is often seen as an opportunistic pathogen and one of the major food and waterborne parasites. Some insights of Giardia infestation in a diarrhoea-prone population were investigated in the present study. Our primary goal was to understand the interaction of this parasite with other pathogens during infection and to determine some important factors regulating the diarrhoeal disease spectrum of a population. Giardia showed a steady rate of occurrence throughout the entire study period with a nonsignificant association with rainfall (P > 0.05). Interestingly coinfecting pathogens like Vibrio cholerae and rotavirus played a significant (P ≤ 0.001) role in the occurrence of this parasite. Moreover, the age distribution of the diarrhoeal cases was very much dependent on the coinfection rate of Giardia infection. As per our findings, Giardia infection rate seems to play a vital role in regulation of the whole diarrhoeal disease spectrum in this endemic region.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India.
authors.forename: Avik K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India.
authors.forename: Punam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Division of Data Management, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India.
authors.forename: Krishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India.
authors.forename: Sandipan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4859-9759
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganguly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D016829:Giardia lamblia; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged