title: High-performance thin-layer chromatography screening of multi class antibiotics in animal food by bioluminescent bioautography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: The world-wide usage and partly abuse of veterinary antibiotics resulted in a pressing need to control residues in animal-derived foods. Large-scale screening for residues of antibiotics is typically performed by microbial agar diffusion tests. This work employing high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with bioautography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry introduces a rapid and efficient method for a multi-class screening of antibiotic residues. The viability of the bioluminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri to the studied antibiotics (16 species of 5 groups) was optimized on amino plates, enabling detection sensitivity down to the strictest maximum residue limits. The HPTLC method was developed not to separate the individual antibiotics, but for cleanup of sample extracts. The studied antibiotics either remained at the start zones (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides) or migrated into the front (amphenicols), while interfering co-extracted matrix compounds were dispersed at hRf 20-80. Only after a few hours, the multi-sample plate image clearly revealed the presence or absence of antibiotic residues. Moreover, molecular information as to the suspected findings was rapidly achieved by HPTLC-mass spectrometry. Showing remarkable sensitivity and matrix-tolerance, the established method was successfully applied to milk and kidney samples.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214022 Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Yisheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: wolfgang.schwack@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwack
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D018942:Macrolides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides; D013754:Tetracyclines
keywords: Aliivibrio fischeri; Multi-antibiotics screening; TLC-bioluminescent bioautography; TLC-mass spectrometry