title: Case-control study of allele frequencies of 15 short tandem repeat loci in males with impulsive violent behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in short tandem repeats (STRs) is an accepted method for detecting associations between genotype and phenotype but it has not previously been used in the study of the genetics of impulsive violent behavior.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare the prevalence of different polymorphisms in 15 STR loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA) between men with a history of impulsive violence and male control subjects without a history of impulsive violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distributions of the alleles of the 15 STR loci were compared between 407 cases with impulsive violent behavior and 415 controls using AmpFlSTR(®) Identifiler™ kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COMPARED TO CONTROLS, THE AVERAGE FREQUENCIES OF THE FOLLOWING ALLELES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN INDIVIDUALS WITH A HISTORY OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR: allele 10 of TH01 (OR=0.29, 95%CI=0.16-0.52, p<0.0001,), allele 8 of TPOX (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.58-0.86, p=0.0005), allele 9 of TPOX (OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.47-0.89, p=0.0072) and allele 14 of CSF1PO (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.11-0.68, p=0.0035). One allele was significantly higher in cases than controls: allele 11 of TPOX (OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.45-2.22, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first behavioral genetic study that clearly demonstrates a close relationship between specific genetic markers and impulsive aggression in non-psychiatric offenders. Further prospective work will be needed to determine whether or not the alleles identified can be considered risk factors for impulsive aggression and, if so, the underlying mechanisms that result in this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, the PLA 102nd Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Public Security Bureau of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Huajie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, the PLA 102nd Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, the PLA 102nd Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, the PLA 102nd Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, the PLA 102nd Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo