title: Local and systemic immune response in pigs during subclinical and clinical swine influenza infection.
abstract: Local and systemic immune responses in pigs intranasally (IN) and intratracheally (IT) inoculated with swine influenza virus (SIV) were studied. No clinical signs were observed in IN-inoculated pigs, while IT-inoculated pigs developed typical signs of influenza. Significantly higher titres of specific antibodies and changes of haematological parameters were found only in IT-inoculated pigs. Because positive correlations between viral titre, local cytokine concentration, and lung pathology have been observed, we hypothesise that both viral load and the local secretion of cytokines play a role in the induction of lung lesions. It could be that a higher replication of SIV stimulates immune cells to secrete higher amounts of cytokines. The results of the present study indicate that pathogenesis of SIV is dependent on both, the damage caused to the lung parenchyma directly by virus, and the effects on the cells of the host's immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. Electronic address: mpomorska@piwet.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomorska-Mól
authors.affiliation: Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwit
authors.affiliation: Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Markowska-Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.affiliation: Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pejsak
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokines; Immune response; Pathogenesis; Swine influenza