title: Orbitocranial complications of acute sinusitis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orbitocranial complications (OCCs) of sinusitis are uncommon but potentially life threatening. OCCs carry high morbidity, mortality, and significant long-term sequelae. Late recognition leads to even worse outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present four case reports showing that aggressive management of complications of sinusitis-like OCC decreases long-term sequelae and mortality in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four pediatric patients diagnosed with OCC were treated at our institution from April 2012 to March 2013. Three were boys and one was a girl; ages ranged from 4-14 years. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were the most useful imaging modalities. All patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics. Additional interventions consisted of endoscopic sinus surgery, subdural empyema drainage, and orbital decompression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difficult complications of acute sinusitis in the pediatric age group should be anticipated, recognized early, and aggressively managed to prevent morbidity and a fatal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, B L Kapur Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, B L Kapur Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saikia
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, B L Kapur Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rachna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D013354:Empyema, Subdural / Q000209:etiology; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000209:etiology; D054517:Orbital Cellulitis / Q000209:etiology; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications*
keywords: early recognition; orbitocranial complications (OCC); sinusitis