title: The risk factors for tuberculosis in liver or kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver or kidney transplant recipients are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) than general population. We aimed to clarify the incidence density of and risk factors for TB in liver or kidney transplant recipients in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with TB following liver or kidney transplantation were investigated retrospectively at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. The incidence density of TB was calculated. We performed a nested case-control study (1:1) to investigate by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis the potential risk factors for TB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 2000 to August 2013, 1748 kidney and 166 liver transplant recipients were performed at a university teaching hospital. Among the 1914 recipients, 45 cases (2.4%) of TB were reported. The incidence density was 506 cases per 105 patient-years in kidney or liver transplant recipients, which was 7 times higher than in the general Chinese population (around 70 cases per 105 person-years). The median time to develop TB was 20.0 months (interquartile ratio: 5.0-70.0). The receipt of a graft from a cadaveric donor (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-10.0; P = 0.010) and the preoperative evidence of latent TB (OR = 6.8; 95% CI = 2.0-22.7; P = 0.002) were identified as two risk factors for developing TB in liver or kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence density of TB among liver or kidney transplant recipients was much higher than in the general Chinese population. Recipients receiving a graft from a cadaveric donor and the preoperative evidence of latent TB were two major risk factors for developing TB in liver or kidney transplant recipients.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. 13548685542@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Qifa
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yisheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*