title: Prospective multicentre study on antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori endangers the successful eradication of the bacteria. The aim of this prospective surveillance study (ResiNet) is to continuously keep antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori in Germany under surveillance and to identify risk factors for its development.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2001 until December 2012, we tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori strains isolated from 1651 prospectively enrolled patients. We analysed clinical and epidemiological data and identified risk factors for the development of resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average primary resistances were 29.4% for metronidazole, 6.7% for clarithromycin and 3.1% for both antimicrobials. Prior unsuccessful eradication treatments, female sex and country or continent of origin were identified as independent risk factors for development of resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori-positive patients without prior eradication therapy can be treated empirically; antimicrobial susceptibility testing is recommended in previously unsuccessfully treated patients and in patients who have received antimicrobial chemotherapies due to unrelated bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wüppenhorst
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Draeger
authors.affiliation: AGES Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Data, Statistics & Risk Assessment, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Stüger
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hobmaier
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vorreiter
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Helicobacter pylori, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany erik-oliver.glocker@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Erik-Oliver
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Glocker
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: antimicrobial susceptibility; eradication; follow-up; risk factors; surveillance