title: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 deficiency inhibits immune cell infiltration and attenuates organ injury in sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is defined as a systemic hyper-inflammatory immune response, with a subsequent immune-suppressive phase, which leads to multiple organ dysfunction and late lethality. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent necrosis is implicated in driving tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)- and sepsis-induced mortality in mice. However, it is unknown if RIPK3 deficiency has any impact on immune cell trafficking, which contributes to organ damage in sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To study this, male wild-type (WT) and RIPK3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice on C57BL/6 background were subjected to sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Blood and tissue samples were collected 20 hours post-CLP for various measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our severe sepsis model, the mean survival time of Ripk3-/- mice was significantly extended to 68 hours compared to 41 hours for WT mice. Ripk3-/- mice had significantly decreased plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and organ injury markers compared to WT mice post-CLP. In the lungs, Ripk3-/- mice preserved better integrity of microscopic structure with reduced apoptosis, and decreased levels of IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), compared to WT. In the liver, the levels of MIP-1, MIP-2 and KC were also decreased in septic Ripk3-/- mice. Particularly, the total number of neutrophils in the lungs and liver of Ripk3-/- mice decreased by 59.9% and 66.7%, respectively, compared to WT mice post-CLP. In addition, the number of natural killer (NK) and CD8T cells in the liver decreased by 64.8% and 53.4%, respectively, in Ripk3-/- mice compared to WT mice post-sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that RIPK3 deficiency modestly protected from CLP-induced severe sepsis and altered the immune cell trafficking in an organ-specific manner attenuating organ injury. Thus, RIPK3 acts as a detrimental factor in contributing to the organ deterioration in sepsis.
authors.forename: Archna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Weng-Lang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology*; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C485615:Ripk3 protein, mouse