title: Cytokines: shifting the balance between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment after irradiation.
abstract: Malignant gliomas invariably recur after irradiation, showing radioresistance. Meanwhile, cranial irradiation can bring some risk for developing cognitive dysfunction. There is increasing evidence that cytokines play their peculiar roles in these processes. On the one hand, cytokines directly influence the progression of malignant glioma, promoting or suppressing tumor progression. On the other hand, cytokines indirectly contribute to the immunologic response against gliomas, exhibiting pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive activities. We propose that cytokines are not simply unregulated products from tumor cells or immune cells, but mediators finely adjust the balance between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment after irradiation. The paper, therefore, focuses on the changes of cytokines after irradiation, analyzing how these mediate the response of tumor cells and normal cells to irradiation. In addition, cytokine-based immunotherapeutic strategies, accompanied with irradiation, for the treatment of gliomas are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centre, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yangyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines