title: The vitamin D status in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no consensus on the vitamin D status of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the vitamin D status of patients with IBD by comparing their serum 25(OH)D concentration to that of healthy controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Serum 25(OH)D concentration will be lower in patients with IBD compared to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-controlled retrospective study of subjects with IBD (n = 58) of 2-20 years (male n = 31, age 16.38±2.21 years; female n = 27, age 16.56±2.08 years) and healthy controls (n = 116; male n = 49, age 13.90±4.59 years; female n = 67, age 15.04±4.12 years). Study subject inclusion criteria: diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D of (<20 ng/mL) (<50 nmol/L), overweight as BMI of ≥85th but <95th percentile, and obesity as BMI ≥95th percentile. Data were expressed as mean ± SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CD, UC, and their controls had mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 61.69±24.43 nmol/L, 53.26±25.51, and 65.32±27.97 respectively (ANOVA, p = 0.196). The overweight/obese controls had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentration compared to the normal-weight controls (p = 0.031); whereas 25(OH)D concentration was similar between the normal-weight and overweight/obese IBD patients (p = 0.883). There was no difference in 25(OH)D between patients with UC and CD, or between subjects with active IBD and controls. However, IBD subjects with elevated ESR had significantly lower 25(OH)D than IBD subjects with normal ESR (p = 0.025), as well as controls (65.3±28.0 nmol/L vs. 49.5±25.23, p = 0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no difference in mean serum 25(OH)D concentration between children and adolescents with IBD and controls. However, IBD subjects with elevated ESR have significantly lower 25(OH)D than controls. Therefore, IBD subjects with elevated ESR should be monitored for vitamin D deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lauren Elizabeth
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Benjamin Udoka
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Nwosu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D