title: Vegetables' juice influences polyol pathway by multiple mechanisms in favour of reducing development of oxidative stress and resultant diabetic complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia induced generation of free radicals and consequent development of oxidative stress by polyol pathway is one of the crucial mechanisms stirring up development of diabetic complications. We evaluated influence of ten vegetables' juice on polyol pathway along with their antioxidant and antioxidative stress potentials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aldose reductase activity was determined utilising goat lens and human erythrocytes. In goat lens, utilization of nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and aldose reductase inhibition was assayed. In human erythrocytes, sorbitol formation was measured as an index of aldose reductase activity under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Ability of juices in inhibiting oxidative damage to deoxyribose sugar and calf thymus DNA and inhibitory activity against hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis of erythrocytes was also analysed. Phytochemical contents like total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total protein were measured to find their influence on biological activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vegetables' juice displayed varying degrees of inhibitory potentials in mitigating NADPH dependent catalytic activity of aldose reductase in goat lens, accumulation of sorbitol in human erythrocytes under different glucose concentrations; Fenton-reaction induced oxidative damage to deoxyribose sugar, and calf thymus DNA. Substantial variations in vegetables phytochemicals content were also noticed in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vegetables' juice possesses potent activities in influencing polyol pathway by various mechanisms in favour of reducing development of oxidative stress independent of their inherent antioxidative properties. Juice of ivy gourd followed by green cucumber and ridge gourd were among the most potent for they displayed strong activities on various parameters analysed in this study. These vegetables' juice may become part of mechanism-based complementary antioxidant therapy to prevent development of diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: D Anand
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pisupati S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sweeya
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: H Anusha
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavanya
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sireesha
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavithra
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amtul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zehra
keywords: Aldose reductase; antioxidant activity; diabetic complications; hyperglycemia; oxidative stress; polyol pathway; sorbitol; vegetables’ juice