title: Metabolomic study of lipids in serum for biomarker discovery in Alzheimer's disease using direct infusion mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, we demonstrated the potential of direct infusion mass spectrometry for the lipidomic characterization of Alzheimer's disease. Serum samples were extracted for lipids recovery, and directly analyzed using an electrospray source. Metabolomic fingerprints were subjected to multivariate analysis in order to discriminate between groups of patients and healthy controls, and then some key-compounds were identified as possible markers of Alzheimer's disease. Major differences were found in lipids, although some low molecular weight metabolites also showed significant changes. Thus, important metabolic pathways involved in neurodegeneration could be studied on the basis of these perturbations, such as membrane breakdown (phospholipids and diacylglycerols), oxidative stress (prostaglandins, imidazole and histidine), alterations in neurotransmission systems (oleamide and putrescine) and hyperammonaemia (guanidine and arginine). Moreover, it is noteworthy that some of these potential biomarkers have not been previously described for Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CC.MM., Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain. Electronic address: raul.gonzalez@dqcm.uhu.es.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CC.MM., Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain. Electronic address: tamara@dqcm.uhu.es.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Barrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CC.MM., Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain. Electronic address: ariza@uhu.es.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ariza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Direct infusion mass spectrometry; Lipidomics