title: Laparoscopic-assisted ureteroureterostomy for duplication anomalies in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a novel laparoscopic-assisted technique for ureteroureterostomy for the surgical management of a completely duplicated collecting system with an obstructed and/or ectopic ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  A camera is placed through a 5-mm infraumbilical port and the duplicated ureters identified and delivered through a small inguinal incision with a laparoscopic Babcock clamp. The ureteroureterostomy is performed in an open fashion. The mean operative time, length of stay, success, and complications of nine patients who underwent this technique were reviewed and compared with a cohort of patients who underwent open ureteroureterostomy at a single institution. In addition, the existing literature on laparoscopic and robot-assisted ureteroureterostomy is reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in operative time (134 vs 133 min, P=0.950), length of stay (0.32 vs 0.33 days, P=0.929), complications (2 and 2, P=0.574), or rates of success (95% vs 100%, P=1.00) between the open and laparoscopic-assisted ureteroureterostomy groups. In addition, the operative times and length of stay in our laparoscopic cohort were shorter than a majority of the laparoscopic and robotic cases reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic-assisted ureteroureterostomy is a successful technique for the management of an ectopic and/or obstructed ureter in a completely duplicated collecting system. This technique combines the speed and ease of the open technique with the improved cosmesis and visualization of a laparoscopic approach and is thus a useful approach for the pediatric urologist.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Gwen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Grimsby
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Micah A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Patricio C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gargollo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014519:Ureterostomy / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult