title: Atmospheric chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in East Asia.
abstract: This study estimates atmospheric concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in East Asia using a Gas Chromatograph with High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (GC-HRMS). ClPAHs are ubiquitously generated from PAHs through substitution, and some ClPAHs show higher aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities than their parent PAHs. Atmospheric particles were collected using a high-volume air sampler equipped with a quartz-fiber filter. We determined the ClPAH concentrations of atmospheric particles collected in Japan (Sapporo, Sagamihara, Kanazawa, and Kitakyushu), Korea (Busan), and China (Beijing). The concentrations of ClPAHs were highest in the winter Beijing sample, where the total mean concentration was approximately 15-70 times higher than in the winter samples from Japan and Korea. The concentrations of Σ19ClPAHs and Σ9PAHs were significantly correlated in the Kanazawa and the Busan samples. This indicates that within those cities ClPAHs and PAHs share the same origin, implying direct chlorination of parent PAHs. Toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) of the total ClPAHs and PAHs were lowest in Kanazawa in the summer, reaching 1.18 and 2610fg-TEQm(-3) respectively, and highest in Beijing in the winter, reaching 627 and 4240000fg-TEQm(-3) respectively.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan. Electronic address: knkakimoto@iph.pref.osaka.jp.
authors.forename: Kensaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakimoto
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagayoshi
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohura
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toriba
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001208:Asia; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D054879:Halogenation; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Atmosphere; Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; East Asia; Organohalogen compound; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons