title: Amnesia for violent offenses: factors underlying memory loss and recovery.
abstract: Amnesia for violent offenses is common, but little is known about underlying causes or whether memory can recover. In this study, 50 violent offenders were interviewed with neuropsychological and psychometric measures, to determine the factors that underlie amnesia and the recovery of memory in these cases. The results showed that amnesia for a violent offense was associated with crimes of passion and dissociative symptoms at the time, but not with impaired neuropsychological functioning. Long amnesic gaps were associated with a state of dissociation surrounding the offense and with previous blackouts (whether alcoholic or dissociative). Memory often recovered, either partially or completely, especially where there was a history of blackouts or a lengthy amnesic gap. Brief amnesic gaps were likely to persist, perhaps as a consequence of faulty encoding during a period of extreme emotional arousal (or red-out).
authors.affiliation: Dr. Pyszora is Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Community Forensic Mental Health Service, Moore House, Mount Claremont, WA, Australia. Professor Fahy is Professor of Forensic Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK. Professor Kopelman is Professor of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. Funded through a Clinical Research Fellowship from Oxleas National Health Service Trust for N.P. natalie.pyszora@health.wa.gov.au.
authors.forename: Natalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pyszora
authors.affiliation: Dr. Pyszora is Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Community Forensic Mental Health Service, Moore House, Mount Claremont, WA, Australia. Professor Fahy is Professor of Forensic Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK. Professor Kopelman is Professor of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. Funded through a Clinical Research Fellowship from Oxleas National Health Service Trust for N.P.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fahy
authors.affiliation: Dr. Pyszora is Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Community Forensic Mental Health Service, Moore House, Mount Claremont, WA, Australia. Professor Fahy is Professor of Forensic Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK. Professor Kopelman is Professor of Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. Funded through a Clinical Research Fellowship from Oxleas National Health Service Trust for N.P.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kopelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003416:Criminal Law; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D014754:Violence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology*; D014852:Wales; D055815:Young Adult