title: A novel toxicity mechanism of CdSe nanoparticles to Saccharomyces cerevisiae: enhancement of vacuolar membrane permeabilization (VMP).
abstract: Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles are implemented in a wide range of applications, but their potential risk to the ecosystem, especially to the organisms essential for the maintenance of ecosystem homeostasis, such as fungal populations, plants and bacteria, remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated their toxicity to one of the most important fungal model organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth inhibition assays revealed that the synthesized CdSe nanoparticles with the sizes of 20-30 nm had strong inhibitory effect on yeast growth (IC50=80 ppm). This toxicity was not attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy, but was dependent on End3-mediated endocytosis, and was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and an enhancement of vacuolar membrane permeabilization (VMP). These results reveal a key role of the vacuole during the interaction between CdSe nanoparticles and yeast cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Meiqing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Qilin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China. Electronic address: liul@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China. Electronic address: nklimingchun@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China. Electronic address: zhangchengdong@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chengdong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects*; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018036:Selenium Compounds; C058667:cadmium selenide
keywords: CdSe nanoparticles; Nanotoxicity; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vacuolar membrane permeabilization