title: Extracorporeal treatment for barbiturate poisoning: recommendations from the EXTRIP Workgroup.
abstract: The EXTRIP (Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning) Workgroup conducted a systematic review of barbiturate poisoning using a standardized evidence-based process to provide recommendations on the use of extracorporeal treatment (ECTR) in patients with barbiturate poisoning. The authors reviewed all articles, extracted data, summarized key findings, and proposed structured voting statements following a predetermined format. A 2-round modified Delphi method was used to reach a consensus on voting statements, and the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to quantify disagreement. 617 articles met the search inclusion criteria. Data for 538 patients were abstracted and evaluated. Only case reports, case series, and nonrandomized observational studies were identified, yielding a low quality of evidence for all recommendations. Using established criteria, the workgroup deemed that long-acting barbiturates are dialyzable and short-acting barbiturates are moderately dialyzable. Four key recommendations were made. (1) The use of ECTR should be restricted to cases of severe long-acting barbiturate poisoning. (2) The indications for ECTR in this setting are the presence of prolonged coma, respiratory depression necessitating mechanical ventilation, shock, persistent toxicity, or increasing or persistently elevated serum barbiturate concentrations despite treatment with multiple-dose activated charcoal. (3) Intermittent hemodialysis is the preferred mode of ECTR, and multiple-dose activated charcoal treatment should be continued during ECTR. (4) Cessation of ECTR is indicated when clinical improvement is apparent. This report provides detailed descriptions of the rationale for all recommendations. In summary, patients with long-acting barbiturate poisoning should be treated with ECTR provided at least one of the specific criteria in the first recommendation is present.
authors.affiliation: Renal Services, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mactier
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laliberté
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Verdun Hospital, University of Montreal, Verdun, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mardini
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Verdun Hospital, University of Montreal, Verdun, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghannoum
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavergne
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology Service, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gosselin
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: nolin@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Nolin
mesh_terms: D001463:Barbiturates / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D001463:Barbiturates; C032232:barbituric acid
keywords: Barbiturates; EXTRIP (Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning); dialyzability; extracorporeal treatment; hemodialysis; poisoning; recommendations