title: Evaluation of daily energy expenditure and health-related physical fitness parameters in patients with cholelithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the daily energy expenditure; resting metabolic rate (RMR); health-related physical fitness parameters such as maximal aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and flexibility; pulmonary function tests (PFTs); and body composition and body fat distribution changes in patients with cholelithiasis, and to compare them with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty female patients with cholelithiasis and 30 controls were included in this study. Daily physical activity was monitored using a metabolic Holter and the maximal aerobic capacity was estimated using the Astrand submaximal exercise protocol. The body composition was established with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. RMR, PFTs, strength, flexibility, circumference, and skinfold measurements were also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal aerobic capacity, trunk flexibility, daily moderate activity duration, daily vigorous activity duration, total energy expenditure, RMR, PFT, lean body mass, adiposity, and body fat distribution values were not significantly different between the patients and the controls. The cholelithiasis patients had lower daily step numbers, handgrip strength, and back-leg strength values, whereas their higher daily sleep duration values were comparable with those of the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that daily physical activity and muscle strength were impaired in female cholelithiasis patients when compared with the healthy controls. We suggest that using daily exercises, including not only aerobic but also strength training as lifestyle modifications in cholelithiasis patients, might be helpful for the development of more beneficial illness management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aPhysiology bGeneral Surgery cAnatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar dDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celikagi
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Kagan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ucok
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Turamanlar
authors.forename: Z Taner
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Ozkececi
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
authors.forename: Necip F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Coban
authors.forename: Sueda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yorulmaz
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012890:Sleep