title: Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in older adult patients treated with olanzapine or conventional antipsychotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of persistent tardive dyskinesia (TD) was compared in patients with acute psychosis or agitation aged 55 years or older who were treated with olanzapine (OLZ) or conventional antipsychotic (CNV) drug therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients without TD were randomized to treatment with OLZ (2.5-20 mg/d; n = 150) or CNV (dosed per label; n = 143). Following a 6-week drug tapering/initiation period, patients without TD were treated with OLZ or CNV for up to 1 year. The a priori defined primary outcome end point was persistent TD defined as Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores = 2 on at least 2 items or ≥3 on at least 1 item (items 1-7) lasting at least for 1 month (Criterion A). Post hoc analyses assessed persistent TD meeting the criterion of moderate severity defined as AIMS score ≥3 on at least 1 item persisting for 1 month (Criterion B) and probable TD defined as elevated AIMS scores (Criterion A or B) not persisting for 1 month. Treatment groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier curve with log-rank exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, patients were 78 years of age; the predominant diagnosis was dementia (76.7% in the OLZ group and 82.5% in the CNV group). Approximately, 40.6% of patients in the CNV group received haloperidol. No significant difference in time to developing persistent TD was observed during treatment with OLZ or CNV (cumulative incidence: OLZ, 2.5% [95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.5-7.0]; CNV, 5.5% [95% CI: 2.1-11.6], P = .193). The exposure-adjusted event rates per 100 person-years were not significantly different between treatment groups: OLZ (2.7) and CNV (6.3; ratio: 0.420; 95% CI: 0.068-1.969). Post hoc analyses revealed a significantly lower risk of at least moderately severe persistent TD persisting for 1 month (P = .012) and probable TD not persisting for 1 month (Criterion A, P = .030; Criterion B, P = .048) in OLZ-treated patients. For those patients without significant extrapyramidal symptoms at baseline, significantly more patients in the CNV treatment group developed treatment-emergent parkinsonism than for patients in the OLZ treatment group (CNV: 70%, 35 of 50 patients; OLZ 44%, 25 of 57 patients; P = .011). No significant difference between the groups was observed for treatment-emergent akathisia (CNV: 6%, 7 of 117 patients; OLZ: 10%, 13 of 130 patients; P = .351).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cumulative incidence of persistent TD was low and the risk of persistent TD did not differ significantly among predominantly older adult patients having dementia with acute psychosis or agitation treated with OLZ or CNV.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kinon
authors.affiliation: Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis IN, USA Kollack-Walker_Sara@Lilly.com.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kollack-Walker
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeste
authors.affiliation: Olean General Hospital, 515 Main Street, Olean, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis IN, USA.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Case
authors.affiliation: Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis IN, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stauffer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077152:Olanzapine
keywords: atypical antipsychotics; conventional; extrapyramidal symptoms; olanzapine; schizophrenia; tardive dyskinesia