title: Difference in glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations between C-peptide negative type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has become a new scientific interest in the field of pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but the results of the published studies were contradictory. The aim of our study was therefore to measure fasting and postprandial GLP-1 concentrations in T1DM patients and in healthy controls and to examine the difference in those concentrations between the two groups of subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study included 30 C-peptide negative T1DM patients, median age 37 years (20-59), with disease duration 22 years (3-45), and 10 healthy controls, median age 30 years (27-47). Fasting and postprandial total and active GLP-1 concentrations were measured by ELISA (ALPCO, USA). The data were statistically analysed by SPSS, and significance level was accepted at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fasting total and active GLP-1 concentrations were significantly lower in T1DM patients (total 0.4 pmol/L, 0-6.4 and active 0.2 pmol/L, 0-1.9) compared with healthy controls (total 3.23 pmol/L, 0.2-5.5 and active 0.8 pmol/L, 0.2-3.6), P = 0.008 for total GLP-1 and P = 0.001 for active GLP-1. After adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, binary logistic regression showed that both fasting total and active GLP-1 remained significantly independently lower in T1DM patients (total GLP-1: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.203-4.909 and active GLP-1: OR 8.73, 95% CI 1.472-51.787).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T1DM patients had independently lower total and active GLP-1 fasting concentrations in comparison with healthy people, which supports the potential therapeutic role of incretin therapy, along with insulin therapy, in T1DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia karinzibar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zibar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Jadranka Knežević
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ćuća
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blaslov
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bulum
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smirčić-Duvnjak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Diabetes