title: Streptococcus loxodontisalivarius sp. nov. and Streptococcus saliviloxodontae sp. nov., isolated from oral cavities of elephants.
abstract: Four Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, coccoid-shaped organisms were isolated from elephant oral cavities. The isolates were tentatively identified as streptococcal species based on the results of biochemical tests. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies confirmed the organisms to be members of the genus Streptococcus. Two isolates (NUM 6304(T) and NUM 6312) were related most closely to Streptococcus salivarius with 96.8 % and 93.1 % similarity based on the 16S rRNA gene and the RNA polymerase β subunit encoding gene (rpoB), respectively, and to Streptococcus vestibularis with 83.7 % similarity based on the 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (groEL). The other two isolates (NUM 6306(T) and NUM 6318) were related most closely to S. vestibularis with 97.0 % and 82.9 % similarity based on the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively, and to S. salivarius with 93.5 % similarity based on the rpoB gene. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, these isolates are suggested to represent novel species of the genus Streptococcus, for which the names Streptococcus loxodontisalivarius sp. nov. (type strain NUM 6304(T) = JCM 19287(T) = DSM 27382(T)) and Streptococcus saliviloxodontae sp. nov. (type strain NUM 6306(T) = JCM 19288(T) = DSM 27513(T)) are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinozaki-Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004606:Elephants / Q000382:microbiology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D018834:Chaperonin 60; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S