title: Erectile dysfunction and risk of end stage renal disease requiring dialysis: a nationwide population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested that erectile dysfunction (ED) is an independent risk factor for macrovascular disease. Very few studies have evaluated the relationship between ED and risk of end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 1,000,000 individuals from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database was collected. We selected the control group by matching the subjects and controls by age, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, area of residence, monthly income and index date. We identified 3985 patients with newly-diagnosed ED between 2000 and 2008 and compared them with a matched cohort of 23910 patients without ED. All patients were tracked from the index date to identify which patients subsequently developed a need for dialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rates of dialysis in the ED cohort and comparison groups were 10.85 and 9.06 per 10000 person-years, respectively. Stratified by age, the incidence rate ratio for dialysis was greater in ED patients aged <50 years (3.16, 95% CI: 1.62-6.19, p = 0.0008) but not in aged 50-64 (0.94, 95% CI: 0.52-1.69, p = 0.8397) and those aged ≧ 65 (0.69, 95% CI: 0.32-1.52, p = 0.3594). After adjustment for patient characteristics and medial comorbidities, the adjusted HR for dialysis remained greater in ED patients aged <50 years (adjusted HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.05-4.11, p<0.05). The log-rank test revealed that ED patients <50-years-old had significantly higher cumulative incidence rates of dialysis than those without (p = 0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ED, especially younger patients, are at an increased risk for ESRD requiring dialysis later in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jhi-Joung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; The Center of General Education, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology