title: Reduced interleukin-17 and transforming growth factor Beta levels in peripheral blood as indicators for following the course of bladder cancer.
abstract: Interleukin (IL) 17 is produced by T-helper (Th) 17 with a vigorous effect on cells of the immune system playing important roles in pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. Therefore, the aim of current study was to determine the serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in Iranian bladder cancer patients, and to correlate them with disease status. Blood samples were collected from 40 bladder cancer patients and 38 healthy individuals with no history of malignancies or autoimmune disorders. The serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-β were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the levels of IL-17 (p<0.0001) and TGF-β (p<0.0001) were significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls. No significant differences in the level of serum IL-6 (p=0.16) was observed between the patients and controls. In addition, demographic characteristics between control and patients groups were not significantly different. As most of the cases studied in this investigation were in stage I and II, it is concluded that reduced Th17-related cytokines can be used as indicators for following the course and clinical stages of bladder carcinoma progress and immune response to cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Rasoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baharlou
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi Vasmehjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohamed Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghobadifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahshid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khoubyari
keywords: Bladder cancer; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Transforming growth factor beta