title: Hyperpolization-activated Ca(2+) channels in guard cell plasma membrane are involved in extracellular ATP-promoted stomatal opening in Vicia faba.
abstract: Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Extracellular ATP-regulated stomatal movement of Arabidopsis thaliana has been reported. Here, ATP was found to promote stomatal opening of Vicia faba in a dose-dependent manner. Three weakly hydrolysable ATP analogs (adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio) triphosphate (ATPγS), 3'-O-(4-benzoyl) benzoyl adenosine 5'-triphosphate (Bz-ATP) and 2-methylthio-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (2meATP)) showed similar effects, indicating that ATP acts as a signal molecule rather than an energy charger. ADP promoted stomatal opening, while AMP and adenosine did not affect stomatal movement. An ATP-promoted stomatal opening was blocked by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI), the reductant dithiothreitol (DTT) or the Ca(2+) channel blockers GdCl3 and LaCl3. A hyperpolarization-activated Ca(2+) channel was detected in plasma membrane of guard cell protoplast. Extracellular ATP and weakly hydrolyzable ATP analogs activated this Ca(2+) channel significantly. Extracellular ATP-promoted Ca(2+) channel activation was markedly inhibited by DPI or DTT. These results indicated that eATP may promote stomatal opening via reactive oxygen species that regulate guard cell plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels.
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Weixia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, PR China. Electronic address: shangzhonglin@hebtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Ca(2+) channel; Extracellular ATP; Reactive oxygen species; Stomatal opening; Vicia faba