title: Strategies for controlled delivery of biologics for cartilage repair.
abstract: The delivery of biologics is an important component in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the functional restoration of articular cartilage. Numerous factors have been implicated in the cartilage repair process, but the uncontrolled delivery of these factors may not only reduce their full reparative potential but can also cause unwanted morphological effects. It is therefore imperative to consider the type of biologic to be delivered, the method of delivery, and the temporal as well as spatial presentation of the biologic to achieve the desired effect in cartilage repair. Additionally, the delivery of a single factor may not be sufficient in guiding neo-tissue formation, motivating recent research toward the delivery of multiple factors. This review will discuss the roles of various biologics involved in cartilage repair and the different methods of delivery for appropriate healing responses. A number of spatiotemporal strategies will then be emphasized for the controlled delivery of single and multiple bioactive factors in both in vitro and in vivo cartilage tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: F Kurtis
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: mikos@rice.edu.
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mikos
mesh_terms: D001685:Biological Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors
keywords: Cartilage tissue engineering; Controlled release; Drug delivery; Growth factors; Osteochondral repair; Spatiotemporal strategies