title: The ecology of primate retroviruses - an assessment of 12 years of retroviral studies in the Taï national park area, Côte d׳Ivoire.
abstract: The existence and genetic make-up of most primate retroviruses was revealed by studies of bushmeat and fecal samples from unhabituated primate communities. For these, detailed data on intra- and within-species contact rates are generally missing, which makes identification of factors influencing transmission a challenging task. Here we present an assessment of 12 years of research on primate retroviruses in the Taï National Park area, Côte d'Ivoire. We discuss insights gained into the prevalence, within- and cross-species transmission of primate retroviruses (including towards local human populations) and the importance of virus-host interactions in determining cross-species transmission risk. Finally we discuss how retroviruses ecology and evolution may change in a shifting environment and identify avenues for future research.
authors.affiliation: Research group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms RKI, Berlin, Germany; Primatology department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gogarten
authors.affiliation: Reseach Center for the Development and Teaching Hospital, Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouake, Cote d׳Ivoire.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akoua-Koffi
authors.affiliation: Research group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms RKI, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calvignac-Spencer
authors.affiliation: Research group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms RKI, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Siv Aina J
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leendertz
authors.affiliation: Research group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms RKI, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Bingerville, Côte d׳Ivoire.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couacy-Hymann
authors.affiliation: Taï Monkey Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, B.P. 1303 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and Laboratory of Zoology, University of Cocody, 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d׳Ivoire.
authors.forename: Inza
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koné
authors.affiliation: UMI 233, TransVIHMI, Institute for Research and Development (IRD) and University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Primatology department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Roman M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wittig
authors.affiliation: Primatology department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Beatrice H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Research group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms RKI, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: leendertzf@rki.de.
authors.forename: Fabian H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leendertz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology*; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D011323:Primates / Q000145:classification / Q000821:virology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology
keywords: Emerging infectious diseases; Infectious disease ecology; Simian foamy virus; Simian immunodeficiency virus; Simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1; Zoonosis