title: Effects of dietary L-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine.
abstract: Little is known about effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in a vaccine-immunized animal model. Thus, this study determined roles for dietary glutamine supplementation in specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine. The measured variables included: (1) the production of pathogen-specific antibodies; (2) mRNA levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors and anti-oxidative factors; and (3) the distribution of P. multocida in tissues and the expression of its major virulence factors in vivo. Dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had a better protective role than 1 or 2 % glutamine against P. multocida infection in vaccine-immunized mice, at least partly resulting from its effects in modulation of general defense responses. Dietary glutamine supplementation had little effects on the production of P. multocida-specific antibodies. Compared to the non-supplemented group, dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had no effect on bacterial burden in vivo but decreased the expression of major virulence factors in the spleen. Collectively, supplementing 0.5 % glutamine to a conventional diet provides benefits in vaccine-immunized mice by enhancing general defense responses and decreasing expression of specific virulence factors.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenkai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Nengzhang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jielin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Yuanyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Guoyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007110:Immunity, Active; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011897:Random Allocation; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D037521:Virulence Factors; D005973:Glutamine; D010088:Oxidoreductases