title: Screening biological traits and fluoride contents of native vegetations in arid environments to select efficiently fluoride-tolerant native plant species for in-situ phytoremediation.
abstract: High fluoride pollution has been detected in the surrounding soils of the coastal superphosphate industries in the Gulf of Gabes (Southeast of Tunisia). A study was conducted in vicinity of factories analysing plant functional traits combined with plant fluoride accumulation and soil metal concentrations aiming to screen more efficiently native plant species tolerant to this pollution. Aerial parts of 18 plant species out of the 10 most abundant species per site were harvested on two polluted sites of Gabes and Skhira at the vicinity of the factories and on the less polluted site of Smara. Native plant species accumulated fluoride following the gradient of soil pollution. Fluoride contents of plant aerial parts ranged from 37 mg kg(-1) to 360 mg kg(-1) and five plant species were only found in the most polluted site. However these latter had low biomass and soil cover. Crossing biological traits and fluoride contents, a selection grid for potentially restorative plant species enabled the selection of three native perennials i.e. Rhanterium suaveolens, Atractylis serratuloides and, Erodium glaucophyllum as potential candidates for an in-situ phytoremediation program on arid fluoride-polluted sites. This approach may be used in other fluoride-polluted Mediterranean environments.
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France; Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boukhris
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France. Electronic address: isabelle.laffont-schwob@imbe.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laffont-Schwob
authors.affiliation: Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Imed
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mezghani
authors.affiliation: Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Lefi El
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kadri
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE FRE 3416, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, case 29, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prudent
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE FRE 3416, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, case 29, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pricop
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), 52 avenue Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatoni
authors.affiliation: Plant diversity and Ecosystems in Dry Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaieb
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005459:Fluorides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Fluoride pollution; Functional traits; Phytostabilization; Pollutant tolerance