title: Self-replicating Replicon-RNA Delivery to Dendritic Cells by Chitosan-nanoparticles for Translation In Vitro and In Vivo.
abstract: Self-amplifying replicon RNA (RepRNA) possesses high potential for increasing antigen load within dendritic cells (DCs). The major aim of the present work was to define how RepRNA delivered by biodegradable, chitosan-based nanoparticulate delivery vehicles (nanogel-alginate (NGA)) interacts with DCs, and whether this could lead to translation of the RepRNA in the DCs. Although studies employed virus replicon particles (VRPs), there are no reports on biodegradable, nanoparticulate vehicle delivery of RepRNA. VRP studies employed cytopathogenic agents, contrary to DC requirements-slow processing and antigen retention. We employed noncytopathogenic RepRNA with NGA, demonstrating for the first time the efficiency of RepRNA association with nanoparticles, NGA delivery to DCs, and RepRNA internalization by DCs. RepRNA accumulated in vesicular structures, with patterns typifying cytosolic release. This promoted RepRNA translation, in vitro and in vivo. Delivery and translation were RepRNA concentration-dependent, occurring in a kinetic manner. Including cationic lipids with chitosan during nanoparticle formation enhanced delivery and translation kinetics, but was not required for translation of immunogenic levels in vivo. This work describes for the first time the characteristics associated with chitosan-nanoparticle delivery of self-amplifying RepRNA to DCs, leading to translation of encoded foreign genes, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milona
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland [2] Current address: Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomann-Harwood
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Englezou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Démoulins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ruggli