title: Investigation on 2331 cases of pulled elbow over the last 10 years.
abstract: Pulled elbow is a common upper extremity injury in children. We present a retrospective study of 2331 pulled elbow cases examined in our hospital over the last ten years. All pediatric patients with a diagnosis of pulled elbow from January 2002 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed according to sex, age, affected arm, recurrence rate, mechanism of injury and treatment outcomes. There is no significant sex difference. The frequency of injury peaked for both boys and girls at 6 months and 2 years of age. The left arm was more affected than the right. The recurrence rate was 14%. In about 50% of cases, the cause of injury was forcible traction to the forearm. Almost all of the splinted patients, caused by severe pain or lack of mobility of the affected limb following reduction, recovered within 2 weeks, but 2 were later diagnosed with a fracture. For infants less than 1 year old, injury can often occur when rolling over. For children 1 year old or older the left arm is more commonly affected, and the frequency of injuries to the left arm increases with age, possibly because the left hand is commonly held by the guardian's dominant right hand and faster development of muscle strength in the child's dominant right arm works toward preventing injury to that arm with age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sono
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital , Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
keywords: epidemiology; nursemaid’s elbow; pulled elbow; radial head subluxation; reduction