title: Toxicity of algicidal extracts from Mangrovimonas yunxiaonensis strain LY01 on a HAB causing Alexandrium tamarense.
abstract: Toxicity of algicidal extracts from Mangrovimonas yunxiaonensis strain LY01 on Alexandrium tamarense were measured through studying the algicidal procedure, nuclear damage and transcription of related genes. Medium components were optimized to improve algicidal activity, and characteristics of algicidal extracts were determined. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that the cell structure was broken. Cell membrane integrity destruction and nuclear structure degradation were monitored using confocal laser scanning microscope, and the rbcS, hsp and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene expressions were studied. Results showed that 1.0% tryptone, 0.4% glucose and 0.8% MgCl2 were the optimal nutrient sources. The algicidal extracts were heat and pH stable, non-protein and less than 1kD. Cell membrane and nuclear structure integrity were lost, and the transcription of the rbcS and PCNA genes were significantly inhibited and there was up-regulation of hsp gene expression during the exposure procedure. The algicidal extracts destroyed the cell membrane and nuclear structure integrity, inhibited related gene expression and, eventually, lead to the inhibition of algal growth. All the results may elaborate firstly the cell death process and nuclear damage in A. tamarense which was induced by algicidal extracts, and the algicidal extracts could be potentially used as bacterial control of HABs in future.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ShenZhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, ShenZhen, 518057, China. Electronic address: liyixiamen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: zjjzhzjjzh@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: zhj308@163.com.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: zhangran22105@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhangran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: tianyun@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: hxu@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ShenZhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, ShenZhen, 518057, China. Electronic address: jedi@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tianling
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: wshwzh@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000633:toxicity*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017125:Genes, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010575:Pesticides; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
keywords: Alexandrium tamarense; Algicidal procedure; Nuclear damage; Toxicity of algicidal extracts; Transcription of related genes