title: Complex links between natural tuberculosis and porcine circovirus type 2 infection in wild boar.
abstract: Individuals in natural populations are exposed to a diversity of pathogens which results in coinfections. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between natural infection with tuberculosis (TB) due to infection by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in free-ranging Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Apparent prevalence for TB lesions and PCV2 infection was extremely high in all age classes, including piglets (51% for TB; 85.7% for PCV2). Modeling results revealed that the relative risk of young (less than 2 years old) wild boar to test positive to PCV2 PCR was negatively associated with TB lesion presence. Also, an interaction between TB, PCV2, and body condition was evidenced: in wild boar with TB lesions probability of being PCV2 PCR positive increased with body condition, whereas this relation was negative for wild boar without TB lesions. This study provides insight into the coinfections occurring in free-ranging host populations that are naturally exposed to several pathogens at an early age. Using TB and PCV2 as a case study, we showed that coinfection is a frequent event among natural populations that takes place early in life with complex effects on the infections and the hosts.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain ; SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Iratxe
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Díez-Delgado
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6402-9927
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boadella
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: MariPaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Hernando
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: José Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barasona
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Beck
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González-Barrio
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9329-2441
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sibila
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.affiliation: Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Berreaga 1, Derio, 48160 Vizcaya, Spain.
authors.forename: Joseba M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain ; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1539-7261
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segalés
authors.affiliation: SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0012-4006
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gortazar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology*