title: Individual placement and support in Sweden - a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently there is no evidence on the effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) in Sweden.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of IPS on vocational outcomes among people with severe mental illness (SMI) in a Swedish context. A secondary aim was to evaluate a community integration effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was used. Mental health outpatients with SMI were randomized to IPS or traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) services. The allocation status was assessor-blinded. The primary outcome was competitive employment. All vocational outcomes were collected continuously, and socio-demographic and clinical variables at baseline, 6 and 18 months. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00960024.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty participants were randomized. Eighty seven per cent were assessed after 6 months, and 73% after 18 months. IPS was more effective than TVR in terms of gaining employment at 18-month follow-up (46% vs. 11%; difference 36%, 95% CI 18-54), along with the amount of working hours and weeks, longer job tenure periods and income. Cox regression analysis showed that IPS participants gained employment five times quicker than those in TVR. Ninety per cent of the IPS participants became involved in work, internships or education, i.e. activities integrated in mainstream community settings, while 24% in the TVR group achieved this.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPS is effective in a Swedish context in terms of gaining employment and becoming integrated within the local community. The welfare system presented obstacles for gaining competitive employment directly and it was indicated that internships delayed time to first competitive employment.
authors.affiliation: Ulrika Bejerholm, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Health Sciences/Work and Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Lund University , Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bejerholm
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Areberg
authors.forename: Caisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofgren
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandlund
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062309:Community Integration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016832:Employment, Supported / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Community integration; Severe mental illness; Supported employment; Vocational rehabilitation