title: The role of in vivo confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of eyelid margin tumors: 47 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Handheld in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a new imaging method that allows noninvasive diagnosis of cutaneous tumors but to date it has not been used in the study of eyelid tumors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the suitability of IVCM for eyelid margin tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated the IVCM features of 47 eyelid margin lesions, clinically suspicious of malignancy; 35 of these were excised whereas the other 12, with no IVCM malignant features, were followed up for at least 1 year. Clinical, IVCM, and histologic diagnoses were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IVCM showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 69.2%, respectively, for malignancy (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma). The follow-up of the 12 nonexcised lesions did not show any clinical progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lesions showing neither clinical nor IVCM features for malignancies were not biopsied in view of the potential functional and aesthetic consequences of eyelid margin surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Used with a handheld dermatology-specific microscope, IVCM can play a role in the noninvasive diagnosis of eyelid margin lesions. Further studies are needed to better define diagnostic criteria of eyelid tumors and improve the specificity of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France. Electronic address: elisacinotti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cinotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Jean Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perrot
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campolmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Labeille
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espinasse
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grivet
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France; French University Institute, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thuret
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douchet
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Maher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haouas
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambazard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: basal cell carcinoma; eyelid; eyelid margin; in vivo; melanoma; mucosa; reflectance confocal microscopy; tumor