title: Human cytomegalovirus upregulates expression of the lectin galectin 9 via induction of beta interferon.
abstract: Regulation of the lectin galectin 9 (Gal-9) was investigated for the first time during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Gal-9 transcription was significantly upregulated in transplant recipients with reactivated HCMV in vivo. In vitro, Gal-9 was potently upregulated by HCMV independently of viral gene expression, with interferon beta (IFN-β) identified as the mediator of this effect. This study defines an immunoregulatory protein potently increased by HCMV infection and a novel mechanism to control Gal-9 through IFN-β induction.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: McSharry
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Simone K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: John Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Selmir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avdic
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Machala
authors.affiliation: Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abendroth
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia barry.slobedman@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Slobedman
mesh_terms: D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D037161:Galectins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D037161:Galectins; C105032:LGALS9 protein, human; D016899:Interferon-beta