title: Beta-blockers in the environment: part I. Mobility and hydrolysis study.
abstract: Beta-blockers (BB) are one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals whose presence in different environmental compartments has already been proven in concentrations of even up to a few μg L(-1). However, our knowledge of their fate in the environment is still scarce. To obtain a better understanding on the environmental behavior of three selected BB comprehensive laboratory experiments assessing their mobility and hydrolytic stability has been conducted. Propranolol, metoprolol and nadolol--the most commonly consumed and detected in environmental samples--were selected as representatives of this group of pharmaceuticals. The objectives of our research were: (i) evaluation of the sorption potential and an explanation of the sorption mechanisms of these compounds onto soil and clay mineral (kaolinite); and (ii) investigation of the hydrolytic stability of these BB according to OECD 111. This comprehensive study supports the Environmental Risk Assessment of these pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maszkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; UFT - Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stolte
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: jolanta.kumirska@ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumirska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Łukaszewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mioduszewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puckowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caban
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagil
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stepnowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; UFT - Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Białk-Bielińska
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis*; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Hydrolytic stability; Soil; Sorption