title: Occupational hazard exposure and general health profile of welders in rural Delhi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Welding is a common industrial process associated with various health hazards. The aspect of duration of hazard exposure among welders at their workplace has been studied to limited extent in India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the duration of occupational hazard exposure and its association with symptoms among the welders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 106 welders in North Delhi. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing items to assess the socio-demographic profile, their medical history and individual hazard exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of them were involved in skilled/semi-skilled job (n = 99; 93%). The predominant nature of work for majority was manual. More than half reported their work to be physically hard (n = 56; 53%), involves much lifting of weight (n = 61; 57%), and is dangerous (n = 59; 56%). Dust/smoke followed by noise was reported to be most common hazards at the workplace by them. Most of them were suffering from eye related symptoms (n = 63; 59%) followed by skin conditions (n = 28; 26%). Skin diseases were reported to be significantly common among group of welders who were exposed to dust and radiation for ≥4 hours in a day (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly half of the welders found their job to be dangerous and were being exposed to at least one hazardous substance at their workplace. Majority of them complained of eye symptoms. There is a need for health and safety training of this economically productive group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak, Guru Nanak Eye Care, Gobind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak, Guru Nanak Eye Care, Gobind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tanu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak, Guru Nanak Eye Care, Gobind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jugal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kishore
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway, UK.
authors.forename: Tor Erik
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Danielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak, Guru Nanak Eye Care, Gobind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gopal Krishna
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ingle
keywords: Health status; occupational exposures; welding; workplace