title: Assessing the applicability of e-therapies for depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders among lesbians and gay men: analysis of 24 web- and mobile phone-based self-help interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lesbians and gay men have disproportionately high rates of depression and anxiety, and report lower satisfaction with treatments. In part, this may be because many health care options marginalize them by assuming heterosexuality, or misunderstand and fail to respond to the challenges specifically faced by these groups. E-therapies have particular potential to respond to the mental health needs of lesbians and gay men, but there is little research to determine whether they do so, or how they might be improved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the applicability of existing mental health e-therapies for lesbians and gay men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 24 Web- and mobile phone-based e-therapies and assessed their performance in eight key areas, including the use of inclusive language and content and whether they addressed mental health stressors for lesbians and gay men, such as experiences of stigma related to their sexual orientation, coming out, and relationship issues that are specific to lesbians and gay men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that e-therapies seldom addressed these stressors. Furthermore, 58% (14/24) of therapies contained instances that assumed or suggested the user was heterosexual, with instances especially prevalent among better-evidenced programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings, and a detailed review protocol presented in this article, may be used as guides for the future development of mental health e-therapies to better accommodate the needs of lesbians and gay men.
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. t.rozbroj@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rozbroj
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D012648:Self Care
keywords: Internet therapy; anxiety; cCBT; depression; e-therapy; gay men; lesbian; mental health; minority stress; review