title: HIV prevalence and high-risk sexual behaviours among MSM repeat and first-time testers in China: implications for HIV prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about HIV testing, HIV infection and sexual behaviour among bathhouse patrons in China. This study aims to assess differences in HIV prevalence and high-risk sexual behaviours between repeat and first-time testers among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending bathhouse in Tianjin, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2011 and September 2012, a HIV voluntary counselling and testing station was established in a gay bathhouse, which provided HIV testing and conducted a survey among participants recruited through snowball sampling. Differences in demographic and high-risk sexual behaviours between repeat and first-time testers were assessed using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors for HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1642 respondents, 699 (42.6%) were repeat testers and 943 (57.4%) were first-time testers. Among repeat testers, a higher proportion were men aged 18 to 25, single, better educated, had a history of STIs and worked as male sex workers or "money boys" (MBs). Repeat testers were less likely to report having unprotected anal intercourse in the past six months. The overall HIV prevalence was 12.4% (203/1642). There was no difference in HIV prevalence between repeat (11.2%, 78/699) and first-time (13.3%, 125/943) testers. The HIV prevalence increased with age among first-time testers (χ(2)trend=9.816, p=0.002). First-time MB testers had the highest HIV prevalence of 34.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSM attending bathhouse had an alarmingly high HIV infection rate, particularly in MB. Targeted interventions are urgently needed especially focusing on older MSM and MBs.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Dark Blue Working Group, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Dark Blue Working Group, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Maohe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Hongqiao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Willa M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; wuzy@263.net; wuzunyou@chinaaids.cn.
authors.forename: Zunyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003376:Counseling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: China; HIV; MSM; VCT; repeat testing; risk behaviour