title: Duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery on type 2 diabetic rats reduces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the thoracic aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bariatric surgery offers a productive resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The development of T2DM vasculopathy is due to chronic inflammation, which increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression. This study sought to examine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the thoracic aorta after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on a T2DM rat model induced by a high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one T2DM Wistar rats induced by high-fat diet and low dose STZ were randomly divided into DJB and sham duodenal-jejunal bypass (S-DJB) groups. Ten Wistar rats were fed a normal diet as a control. Recovery of gastrointestinal function post-operation and resumption of a normal diet completed the experiment. Body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid levels, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression levels in aortic endothelial cells were measured throughout.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DJB rats showed significant weight loss 2 weeks post-operation compared with S-DJB rats. After surgery, DJB rats showed significant improvement and steady glycemic control with improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. They also exhibited improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression 12 weeks after surgery (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DJB surgery on an induced T2DM rat model improves blood glucose levels and lipids, following a high-fat diet and low dose STZ treatment. In addition, DJB decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells, which may play an important role in delaying the development of T2DM vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Wubulikasimu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maimaitiyusufu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Zhibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Shaozhuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Guangyong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
authors.forename: Aimaiti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasimu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China. Email: husanyuan1962@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1