title: Proactive Risk Assessment of Surgical Site Infections in Ambulatory Surgery Centers.
abstract: The Socio-Technical Probabilistic Risk Assessment, a proactive risk assessment tool imported from high-risk industries, was used to identify risks for surgical site infections (SSIs) associated with the ambulatory surgery center setting and to guide improvement efforts.
  
  
  
  This study had 2 primary objectives: (1) to identify the critical risk factors associated with SSIs resulting from procedures performed at ambulatory surgery centers and (2) to design an intervention to mitigate the probability of SSI for the highest risk factors identified.
  
  
  
  Inputs included quantitative and qualitative data sources from the evidence-based literature and from health care providers. The Socio-Technical Probabilistic Risk Assessment ranked the failure points (events) on the basis of their contribution to an SSI. The event, entitled "Failure to protect the patient effectively," which included several failure points, was the most critical unique event with the highest contribution to SSI risk.
  
  
  
  A total of 51.87% of SSIs in this setting were caused by this failure. Consequently, we proposed an intervention aimed at all 5 major components of this failure.
  
  
  
  The intervention targets improvements in skin preparation; proper administration of antibiotics; staff training in infection control principles, including practices for the prevention of glove punctures; and procedures to ensure the removal of watches, jewelry, and artificial nails.
authors.affiliation: From the *College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; †American Institutes for Research, Washington DC; ‡Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; and §Barnabas Health and SAMIKE Consulting, West Orange, NJ.
authors.forename: Ebru K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bish
authors.forename: Nasibeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azadeh-Fard
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Steighner
authors.forename: Kendall K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Slonim
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D061214:Patient Safety; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control