title: Induced membrane for treatment of critical sized bone defect: a review of experimental and clinical experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review experimental and clinical experiences about the use of an induced membrane to address critical bone size defect of the limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a review of published experimental and clinical data and from our clinical experience, we present the key data about the use of an induced membrane to address critical bone size defect of the limbs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After reviewing the concept of critical sized bone defect, we present the different indications of an induced membrane, the key points of the surgical technique and the strategy of bone grafting given the indication, localization and importance of the critical sized bone defect. Finally, we discuss the perspective of the use of an induced membrane with various bone substitutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an induced membrane to treat critical sized bone defects of the limbs is a simple, reliable and reproducible technique. Certain technical steps should be pointed out and observed with great caution in order to avoid any pitfalls. This technique will probably be a key step for facilitating bone inclusion of new bone substitutes proposed by recent bioengineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Sud University, 157 rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92140, Clamart, France, aureganjc@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aurégan
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bégué
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts; D064592:Autografts; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008566:Membranes / Q000637:transplantation*; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*