title: Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of an oil extract of propolis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Propolis biological effects are mainly attributed to its polyphenolic constituents such as flavonoids and phenolic acids that were recently described in the chemical composition of an extract of propolis obtained with edible vegetal oil (OEP) by our group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OEP on the behavior of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vivo open field (OF), elevated Plus-maze (EPM), and forced swimming (FS) tests were performed to evaluate locomotor activity, anxiolytic- and antidepressant effects of the extract. Besides, oxidative stress levels were measured in rat blood samples after the behavioral assays by evaluation of the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and nitric oxide levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OEP increased locomotion in the OF test (50mg/kg) and central locomotion and open arm entries in the OF and EPM tests (10-50mg/kg) and decreased the immobility time in the FS test (10-50mg/kg). Moreover, OEP reduced nitric oxide levels in response to swim stress induced in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OEP exerted stimulant, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects on the Central Nervous System and antioxidant activity in rats, highlighting propolis as a potential therapeutic compound for behavior impairment of anxiety and depression.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia S S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gedeão B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: State University of Midwest/UNICENTRO, Departament of Chemistry, Guarapuava, Paraná 85010-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: State University of Midwest/UNICENTRO, Departament of Chemistry, Guarapuava, Paraná 85010-990, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yohandra R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rui D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Prediger
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Neuroscience and Celular Biology Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: crismaia0301@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiane S F
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Maia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011429:Propolis
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Oil extract of propolis; Oxidative stress