title: Maxillary Sinus Augmentation without Grafting Material with Simultaneous Implant Installation: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to provide a theoretical guidance of postmaxillary implant in the augmented sinus without grafting materials by establishing a three-dimensional model of this new implant restorative technique, evaluating failure risk of sinus augmentation without grafting materials of different alveolar ridge heights, and analyzing stress distribution of different healing stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen three-dimensional finite element models of a posterior maxillary region with sinus mucosa and different elevation heights were constructed according to anatomical data of sinus area, and the standard implant model based on Nobel Biocare implant system were created via computer-aided design software. All materials were assumed to be isotropic and linearly elastic. Axial force of 150 N was applied. The von Mises stress, stress distribution, and implant displacement were calculated with software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the height of the alveolar ridge reducing, the maximum von Mises stress of tissues and the displacement of the implant are on the rise, especially when the height of the bone is less than 7 mm. When the height decreased to 4 mm, the data may be doubled. After the stiff callus stage, the stress and displacement were close to the control model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For maxillary sinus augmentation without grafting material implant technique, the stress of different tissues and the displacement of the implant were not increased much when the height of alveolar ridge is more than 7 mm. But if the alveolar bone height is less than 4 mm, this implant technique is not suggested. Immediately loading is not suggested and the loading opportunity should be after the stiff callus stage at least to improve the success rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Center of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xinwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyano
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012984:Software; D013499:Surface Properties; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: dental implants; finite element analysis; maxillary sinus augmentation without grafting material; stress distribution