title: Minimally invasive perventricular device closure of ventricular septal defect: a comparative study in 80 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive perventricular device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2011 and February 2013, we collected 40 patients who underwent perventricular closure via a small lower sternal incision (minimally invasive group), aged 15.5±3.5 years (12 months to 32 years) with a body weight of 24.2±7.5 kg (10.8-58.0 kg). The mean size of VSD was 5.6±0.5 mm (2-14 mm). Another 40 patients were included as the surgical group, receiving the conventional surgical repair of VSD. The device of the minimally invasive group was released under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography. Success rate, cardiac indicators, and clinical outcomes of the 2 groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients in the surgical group and those in the minimally invasive group showed similar results in success rate (both 97.5%). The procedure time, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, and postoperative recovery time in the minimally invasive group were significantly shorter than those in the surgical group (58±21 minutes versus 145±26 minutes, 2±1 days versus 8±3 days, 5±1 days versus 16±6 days, 3±1 days versus 90±20 days, all P<0.05). The minimally invasive group had a higher incidence of conduction anomalies (17.5% versus 2.5%, P<0.05). In the follow-up period of 3-12 months, there was no new residual shunt, noticeable aortic regurgitation, significant arrhythmias, or device failure except for new complications in the surgical group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate of minimally invasive perventricular device closure of VSD under transesophageal echocardiography guidance is similar to that of conventional surgical repair, but the short-term outcomes of the minimally invasive approach is much better. Long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Clinical Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Chao
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Clinical Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: De-Bin
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D055815:Young Adult