title: [Nosocomial infections. Trends over a 12 year-period in a pediatric hospital].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nosocomial infections account for one of the most important health issues in hospitals; thus, prevention and control programs should be assessed through the impact on the incidence rates. The purpose of this study was to identify the trends of nosocomial infections over a 12-year period in a tertiary care pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was carried out where all hospitalized patients presenting with nosocomial infections were included. Data statistical analysis included simple frequencies, proportions and incidence density rate per year, infection site and lethality rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence density rate for year 2000 was 14.67 and decreased to 7.39 in 2012. Most frequent infections were those related with the intravenous line (15.4 %), mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia (17.9 %), surgical site infection (10.3%) and urinary tract infection (6.8 %). The departments with higher rates were neonatology, the pediatric intensive care unit, medical pediatrics and neurosurgery. Nosocomial infection-associated lethality rate was 4.5 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The slow decrease in the incidence density rate indicates that programs focused on training and supervision of the healthcare personnel on the appropriate placement and care of medical devices should be reinforced.
authors.affiliation: División de Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Distrito Federal, México. guadalumiranda@terra.com.mx.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zamudio-Lugo
authors.forename: Guadalupe Judith
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Vital
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sing
authors.forename: Claudia Josefina
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-González
authors.forename: María Guadalupe
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Miranda-Novales
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cross infection; Equipment and supplies; Hand disinfection