title: Exploring germplasm diversity to understand the domestication process in Cicer spp. using SNP and DArT markers.
abstract: To estimate genetic diversity within and between 10 interfertile Cicer species (94 genotypes) from the primary, secondary and tertiary gene pool, we analysed 5,257 DArT markers and 651 KASPar SNP markers. Based on successful allele calling in the tertiary gene pool, 2,763 DArT and 624 SNP markers that are polymorphic between genotypes from the gene pools were analyzed further. STRUCTURE analyses were consistent with 3 cultivated populations, representing kabuli, desi and pea-shaped seed types, with substantial admixture among these groups, while two wild populations were observed using DArT markers. AMOVA was used to partition variance among hierarchical sets of landraces and wild species at both the geographical and species level, with 61% of the variation found between species, and 39% within species. Molecular variance among the wild species was high (39%) compared to the variation present in cultivated material (10%). Observed heterozygosity was higher in wild species than the cultivated species for each linkage group. Our results support the Fertile Crescent both as the center of domestication and diversification of chickpea. The collection used in the present study covers all the three regions of historical chickpea cultivation, with the highest diversity in the Fertile Crescent region. Shared alleles between different gene pools suggest the possibility of gene flow among these species or incomplete lineage sorting and could indicate complicated patterns of divergence and fusion of wild chickpea taxa in the past.
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roorkiwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America; Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: von Wettberg
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Hari D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America; Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Warschefsky
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Varshney
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D029863:Cicer / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D060146:Ecotype; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers