title: Organophosphate intermediate syndrome with neurological complications of extrapyramidal symptoms in clinical practice.
abstract: Organophosphates (OPs) are ubiquitous in the world as domestic and industrial agricultural insecticides. Intentional poisoning as suicides attempts are clinical phenomena seen in emergency departments and clinics in agricultural areas. Intermediate syndrome with the neurological complication of extra pyramidal symptoms following acute OP ingestion may occur in pediatric and adult cases. While death is the most serious consequence of toxic OP doses, low levels of exposure and nonfatal doses may disrupt the neurobehavioral development of fetuses and children in addition to bring linked to testicular cancer and male and female infertility. These are disturbing. Chronic and acute toxicity from OPs are barriers to the health of our present and future generations. Symptoms and treatment of acute and chronic OP exposure are briefly referenced with inclusion of the intermediate syndrome. Suggestions for local and systemic reduction of the acute and long term consequences of OP ingestion are opined.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA ; Geriatric Research Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Detweiler
keywords: Organophosphates; adolescent; intermediate syndrome; poisoning; suicide