title: Association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene among Malay male hypertensive subjects in response to ACE inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies show that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with hypertension in various populations. The present study sought to determine the association of the I/D gene polymorphism among Malay male essential hypertensive subjects in response to ACE inhibitors (enalapril and lisinopril).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and 72 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Blood pressure was recorded from 0 to 24 weeks of treatment with enalapril or lisinopril. Genotyping of the I/D polymorphism was carried out using a standard PCR method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant association of the D allele of the ACE gene was observed between the case and control subjects (p < 0.01). There was a decrease in blood pressure in the patients carrying the DD genotype (SBP=18.5±8.1 mmHg, DBP=15.29±7.1 mmHg) rather than the ID (SBP=4.1±3.3 mmHg, DBP=9.1±3.5 mmHg) and II genotypes (SBP= 3.0±0.2 mmHg, DBP 0.11±6.1 mmHg) of the ACE gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients carrying the DD genotype had higher blood pressure-lowering response when treated with ACE inhibitors enalapril or lisinopril than those carrying ID and II genotypes, suggesting that the D allele may be a possible genetic marker for essential hypertension among Malay male subjects.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia vasuphd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.affiliation: Clinic Kesihatan Senawang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Zubaidah
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Mohd Ali
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Patimah
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etemad
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Seyyed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pishva
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fauziah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Suhaili
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abu Bakar
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003710:Demography; D003971:Diastole; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril; D017706:Lisinopril; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE; Hypertension; I/D; RAAS; enalapril; lisinopril; polymorphism