title: Effects of hypercapnia on T cells in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury after lung transplantation.
abstract: T cells play a key role in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Hypercapnia has been indicated to decrease IRI and inhibit immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hypercapnia on T cells during lung IRI and to identify the underlying mechanism of these effects. In the in vivo study, rat recipients of lung transplants were randomized into a control group M and a hypercapnia group H. Peripheral blood T cells and cytokines were analyzed during reperfusion. In the in vitro study, we analyzed the T cells and cytokine levels in culture media from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T cells from normal rats, stimulated under the normal (group C), hypercapnic (group H), or buffer hypercapnic (group BH) condition. In the in vivo study, the CD3(+)/CD4(+) T-cell ratio and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and P-selectin levels were decreased, but the IL-4 and IL-10 levels were increased, after reperfusion in group H compared to group M. In the in vitro study, groups H and BH exhibited a decreased CD2(+)/CD28(+) ratio and IL-2 and IFN-γ levels, but elevated IL-4 and IL-10 levels, compared to group C. The CD2(+)/CD28(+) ratio was not different between groups BH and H; however, group H evidenced a lower IL-2 level and higher IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to group BH. Hypercapnia decreased the CD3(+)/CD4(+) T-cell ratio and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, but promoted anti-inflammatory factors in lung IRI. Hypercapnia inhibits CD2 and CD28 in T cells by CO2 and modulates T-cell cytokines via acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150000 Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150000 Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Dongdong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150000 Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, 150000 Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150000 Harbin, China cuixiaoguang66@163.com.
authors.forename: Guangxiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000276:immunology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Hypercapnia; lung transplantation; reperfusion injury