title: The immobilization of heavy metals in soil by bioaugmentation of a UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis 38 assisted by NovoGro biostimulation and changes of soil microbial community.
abstract: Bacillus subtilis 38 (B38) is a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis acquired by UV irradiation with high cadmium tolerance. This study revealed that B38 was a good biosorbent for the adsorption of multiple heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead). Simultaneous application of B38 and NovoGro (SNB) exhibited a synergetic effect on the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. The heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of the tested plants (lettuce, radish, and soybean) under SNB treatment decreased by 55.4-97.9% compared to the control. Three single extraction methods, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3 (M3), and the first step of the Community Bureau of Reference method (BCR1), showed good predictive capacities for metal bioavailability to leafy, rhizome, and leguminous plant, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles revealed that NovoGro could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. Finally, the technology was checked in the field, the reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of radish was in the range between 30.8% and 96.0% after bioremediation by SNB treatment. This study provides a practical strategy for the remediation of farmland contaminated by multiple heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Urban Transport Emission Control Research Centre, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: sunhongwen@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Urban Transport Emission Control Research Centre, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Baolin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005308:Fertilizers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D018545:Lactuca / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D031224:Raphanus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005308:Fertilizers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioavailability prediction; Heavy metals; Immobilization; Microbial remediation; PCR–DGGE