title: Integrating a Behavioural Sleep Intervention into Smoking Cessation Treatment for Smokers with Insomnia: A Randomised Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disturbance is common among cigarette smokers and predicts smoking cessation failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot test of whether provision of a sleep intervention might bolster smoking cessation outcomes among this vulnerable group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smokers with insomnia (N = 19) seeking smoking cessation treatment were randomly assigned to receive 8 sessions over 10 weeks of either: (1) cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia + smoking cessation counselling (CBT-I+SC; n = 9) or (2) smoking cessation counselling alone (SC; n = 10). Counselling commenced 4 weeks prior to a scheduled quit date, and nicotine patch therapy was also provided for 6 weeks starting on the quit date.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant effect of counselling condition on smoking cessation outcomes. Most participants had difficulty initiating and maintaining smoking abstinence in that 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at end of treatment (CBT-I+SC: 1/7, 14%; SC: 2/10, 20%) and follow-up (CBT-I+SC: 1/7, 14%; SC: 0/10, 0%) were low for both conditions. CBT-I+SC participants reported improvements in sleep efficiency, quality, duration and insomnia symptoms. Sleep changes were not associated with the likelihood of achieving smoking abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This randomised pilot study suggests that behavioural interventions may improve sleep among smokers with insomnia, but a larger sample is needed to replicate this finding and evaluate whether these changes facilitate smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fucito
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Nursing.
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Redeker
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry ; Yale Cancer Center ; Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Toll
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Jolomi T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ikomi
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carroll