title: Advanced drug delivery approaches against periodontitis.
abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gums involving the degeneration of periodontal ligaments, creation of periodontal pocket and resorption of alveolar bone, resulting in the disruption of the support structure of teeth. According to WHO, 10-15% of the global population suffers from severe periodontitis. The disease results from the growth of a diverse microflora (especially anaerobes) in the pockets and release of toxins, enzymes and stimulation of body's immune response. Various local or systemic approaches were used for an effective treatment of periodontitis. Currently, controlled local drug delivery approach is more favorable as compared to systemic approach because it mainly focuses on improving the therapeutic outcomes by achieving factors like site-specific delivery, low dose requirement, bypass of first-pass metabolism, reduction in gastrointestinal side effects and decrease in dosing frequency. Overall it provides a safe and effective mode of treatment, which enhances patient compliance. Complete eradication of the organisms from the sites was not achieved by using various surgical and mechanical treatments. So a number of polymer-based delivery systems like fibers, films, chips, strips, microparticles, nanoparticles and nanofibers made from a variety of natural and synthetic materials have been successfully tested to deliver a variety of drugs. These systems are biocompatible and biodegradable, completely fill the pockets, and have strong retention on the target site due to excellent mucoadhesion properties. The review summarizes various available and recently developing targeted delivery devices for the treatment of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Deeksha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Goutam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rath
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Controlled drug delivery; microflora; nanocarriers; patient compliance; periodontitis