title: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of essential oil from Dictamnus angustifolius.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dictamnus angustifolius (Rutaceae) has been used as an alternative for folk medicine, Dictamnus dasycarpus in the treatment of rheumatism, bleeding, itching, jaundice, chronic hepatitis, and skin diseases in Xinjiang Province of China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil (EO) from Dictamnus angustifolius, correlated with their chemical composition and evaluate their cytotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EO were extracted by water-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of EO was identified by GC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against five microorganisms by the agar disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The antioxidant activity was measured by employing DPPH and FRAP assays. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in the mammalian cells lines A549, MCF7, B16 and LoVo using the MTT method to assess cell viability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  52 compounds representing the 97.2% of the total oil were identified by GC/MS. The major constituents of the oil were tetramethylenecyclobutane (42.07%) and fraxinellone (19.06%). The antimicrobial activity showed that the EO possess significant inhibition in Monilia albican ATCC 10231 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The antioxidant activity suggested that the EO possess significant reducing power. The cytotoxic activity of the EO in MCF7 and LoVo cells was significant stronger than in the other cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first characterization of the chemical composition and biological activities of EO from Dictamnus angustifolius. All experimental data indicate that the EO have not only remarkable antioxidant properties but also potential antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Xinzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Linzhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: popoqzh@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: jyliang08@126.com.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D036905:Dictamnus; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; Dictamnus angustifolius; Essential oil