title: Electroretinogram evaluation of equine eyes with extensive 'bullet-hole' fundic lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of extensive bullet-hole nontapetal fundic lesions in horses on retinal function as measured by full-field electroretinography (ERG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-field ERG was performed on two horses with numerous bullet-hole lesions in the nontapetal fundus of both eyes. The ERG was first recorded from the eye with the more extensive lesions in response to a low-intensity light stimulus (0.03 cd s/m(2) ) that was given at times (T) T = 5, 10, 15, 20 min of dark adaptation. Consecutively, combined rod-cone response was evaluated bilaterally in response to high-intensity light stimulus (3 cd s/m(2) ), followed by cone function evaluation by flicker stimulus (3 cd s/m(2) at 30 Hz). Off-line analysis of the ERG recordings was then performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite extensive bullet-hole lesions in the nontapetal fundus bilaterally in both horses, retinal function as measured by ERG did not show any observable deficits. The b-wave amplitude of the full-field ERG increased continuously from 5 to 20 min of dark adaptation peaking at 446 μv and 377 μv for horse number 1 and 2, respectively. The b-wave amplitudes of the combined rod-cone response were OS- 459 μv and OD- 392 μv for horse number 1 and OS- 491 μv and OD- 608 μv for horse number 2. The amplitude of the flicker ERG for horse number 1 was OS- 86 μv and OD- 110 μv and for horse number 2, OS- 80 μv and OD- 74 μv.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extensive bullet-hole chorioretinal lesions do not appear to compromise outer retinal function in these horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Allbaugh
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
authors.forename: R David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Whitley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: bullet-hole; electroretinogram; focal chorioretinopathy; horse; nontapetal fundus; retina