title: PRIMA-1Met induces myeloma cell death independent of p53 by impairing the GSH/ROS balance.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis (PRIMA-1(Met)) in inducing myeloma cell death, using 27 human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and 23 primary samples. Measuring the lethal dose (LD50) of HMCLs revealed that HMCLs displayed heterogeneous sensitivity, with an LD50 ranging from 4 μM to more than 200 μM. The sensitivity of HMCLs did not correlate with myeloma genomic heterogeneity or TP53 status, and PRIMA-1(Met) did not induce or increase expression of the p53 target genes CDKN1A or TNFRSF10B/DR5. However, PRIMA-1(Met) increased expression of NOXA in a p53-independent manner, and NOXA silencing decreased PRIMA1(Met)-induced cell death. PRIMA-1(Met) depleted glutathione (GSH) content and induced reactive oxygen species production. The expression of GSH synthetase correlated with PRIMA-1(Met) LD50 values, and we showed that a GSH decrease mediated by GSH synthetase silencing or by and L-buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased PRIMA-1(Met)-induced cell death and overcame PRIMA-1(Met) resistance. PRIMA-1(Met) (10 μM) induced cell death in 65% of primary cells independent of the presence of del17p; did not increase DR5 expression, arguing against an activation of p53 pathway; and synergized with L-buthionine sulphoximine in all samples. Finally, we showed in mouse TP53(neg) JJN3-xenograft model that PRIMA-1(Met) inhibited myeloma growth and synergized with L-buthionine sulphoximine in vivo.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France; Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tessoulin
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Descamps
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France; Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maïga
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France; and.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lodé
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France; and.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godon
authors.affiliation: Plate-forme in vivo, Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marionneau-Lambot
authors.affiliation: Plate-forme in vivo, Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Thibauld
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oullier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France; Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Gouill
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France; Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amiot
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France; Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France;
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellat-Deceunynck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011812:Quinuclidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D005978:Glutathione; C533410:eprenetapopt