title: The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: novel chlorine dioxide decontamination technologies for the military.
abstract: There is a stated Army need for a field-portable, non-steam sterilizer technology that can be used by Forward Surgical Teams, Dental Companies, Veterinary Service Support Detachments, Combat Support Hospitals, and Area Medical Laboratories to sterilize surgical instruments and to sterilize pathological specimens prior to disposal in operating rooms, emergency treatment areas, and intensive care units. The following ensemble of novel, 'clean and green' chlorine dioxide technologies are versatile and flexible to adapt to meet a number of critical military needs for decontamination(6,15). Specifically, the Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS) was invented to meet urgent battlefield needs and close critical capability gaps for energy-independence, lightweight portability, rapid mobility, and rugged durability in high intensity forward deployments(3). As a revolutionary technological breakthrough in surgical sterilization technology, the PCS is a Modern Field Autoclave that relies on on-site, point-of-use, at-will generation of chlorine dioxide instead of steam. Two (2) PCS units sterilize 4 surgical trays in 1 hr, which is the equivalent throughput of one large steam autoclave (nicknamed "Bertha" in deployments because of its cumbersome size, bulky dimensions, and weight). However, the PCS operates using 100% less electricity (0 vs. 9 kW) and 98% less water (10 vs. 640 oz.), significantly reduces weight by 95% (20 vs. 450 lbs, a 4-man lift) and cube by 96% (2.1 vs. 60.2 ft(3)), and virtually eliminates the difficult challenges in forward deployments of repairs and maintaining reliable operation, lifting and transporting, and electrical power required for steam autoclaves.
authors.affiliation: United States Army-Natick Soldier RD&E Center, Warfighter Directorate; Christopher.doona@us.army.mil.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Doona
authors.affiliation: United States Army-Natick Soldier RD&E Center, Warfighter Directorate.
authors.forename: Florence E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Feeherry
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Setlow
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Malkin
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute.
authors.forename: Terrence J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Leighton
mesh_terms: D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D006772:Hospitals, Military; D008886:Military Hygiene / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide