title: Advances in laboratory methods for detection and typing of norovirus.
abstract: Human noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis across all age groups. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, in the United States norovirus gastroenteritis causes an estimated 56,000 to 71,000 hospitalizations and 570 to 800 deaths each year. This minireview describes the latest data on laboratory methods (molecular, immunological) for norovirus detection, including real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and commercially available immunological assays as well as the latest FDA-cleared multi-gastrointestinal-pathogen platforms. In addition, an overview is provided on the latest nomenclature and molecular epidemiology of human noroviruses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA jvinje@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinjé
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology