title: Ochronosis diagnosed after knee arthroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ochronosis is a rare disorder which is defined as the deposition of metabolites of oxidation and polymerization of homogentisic acid, which have high affinity to collogen, in the connective tissues. It is a clinical condition characterized with ochronotic pigmentation of tissues, degenerative arthropathy of especially large joints and black discoloration of urine. In this paper we present a case of ochronosis diagnosed with biopsy and additional tests when a black discoloration of menisci and joint cartilage were detected during arthroscopic intervention for a degenerative meniscus tear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A forty two year-old male patient was operated for lateral meniscus tear of his right knee. The arthroscopic examination of right knee revealed black colored synovial hypertrophy and torn lateral meniscus. Partial meniscectomy was performed. The diagnosis of ochronosis was made after histopathologic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ochronotic pigment can accumulate in hyaline cartilage, tendon, skin, teeth, nail, sclera, tympanic membrane, heart valves, renal tubular cells, duramater, pancreas and walls of large arteries. In ochronosis the most frequently involved joints are knee and hip. In ochronotic arthropathy, articular cartilage become more sensitive to mechanical stresses. Our patient had meniscal tear, cartilage damage and black discoloration of synovial tissues and meniscus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopy may be helpful in diagnosis of ochronotic arthropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aliseker@doctor.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seker
authors.affiliation: Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan Basri
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sezer
authors.affiliation: Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilinc
authors.affiliation: Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzun
keywords: Arthroscopy; Knee; Ochronosis