title: Assessment of mOMV adjuvant efficacy in the pathogenic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus has been a seasonal flu which still poses great human health concerns worldwide, vaccination would be considered as the most effective strategy to control the influenza virus spreading. Here, we assessed adjuvant efficacy of modified outer membrane vesicle (mOMV) towards the pandemic H1N1 split antigen.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, mice were vaccinated twice with various amount of antigen (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 µg/dose hemagglutinin [HA]) that were mixed with mOMV, aluminum hydroxide (alum), and MF59, as well as the combined adjuvant comprising the mOMV plus alum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that all the adjuvanted vaccines of A/California/04/09 (CA04, H1N1) containing HA antigen more than 0.1 µg/dose protected effectively from lethal challenge (maCA04, H1N1) virus, compared to the antigen only group. Furthermore, vaccinated mice received as low as 0.05 µg/dose of the split vaccine containing the combined adjuvant (10 µg of mOMV plus alum) showed a full protection against lethal challenge with H1N1 virus. Taken together, these results suggest that mOMV can exert not only the self-adjuvanticity but also a synergy effect for the vaccine efficacy when combined with alum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that mOMV could be a promising vaccine adjuvant by itself and it could be used as a vaccine platform for development of various vaccine formulations to prepare future influenza pandemic.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong-Jae
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7492-7867
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeok-Il
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2477-4492
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1443-3416
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8915-4799
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0052-7932
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1894-9869
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0432-0573
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: A/California/04/09 (CA04, H1N1); Adjuvant; Influenza A virus; mOMV