title: Ocean microbes. Multispecies diel transcriptional oscillations in open ocean heterotrophic bacterial assemblages.
abstract: Oscillating diurnal rhythms of gene transcription, metabolic activity, and behavior are found in all three domains of life. However, diel cycles in naturally occurring heterotrophic bacteria and archaea have rarely been observed. Here, we report time-resolved whole-genome transcriptome profiles of multiple, naturally occurring oceanic bacterial populations sampled in situ over 3 days. As anticipated, the cyanobacterial transcriptome exhibited pronounced diel periodicity. Unexpectedly, several different heterotrophic bacterioplankton groups also displayed diel cycling in many of their gene transcripts. Furthermore, diel oscillations in different heterotrophic bacterial groups suggested population-specific timing of peak transcript expression in a variety of metabolic gene suites. These staggered multispecies waves of diel gene transcription may influence both the tempo and the mode of matter and energy transformation in the sea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ottesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eppley
authors.affiliation: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore.
authors.forename: Stephan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Scholin
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. edelong@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: DeLong
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D010933:Plankton / Q000235:genetics*; D048929:Prochlorococcus / Q000235:genetics*; D041904:Roseobacter / Q000235:genetics*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D059467:Transcriptome