title: Comparison of a novel bedside portable endoscopy device with nasogastric aspiration for identifying upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare outcomes using the novel portable endoscopy with that of nasogastric (NG) aspiration in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent NG aspiration for the evaluation of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding were eligible for the study. After NG aspiration, we performed the portable endoscopy to identify bleeding evidence in the UGI tract. Then, all patients underwent conventional esophagogastroduodenoscopy as the gold-standard test. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the portable endoscopy for confirming UGI bleeding were compared with those of NG aspiration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 129 patients who had GI bleeding signs or symptoms were included in the study (age 64.46 ± 13.79, 91 males). The UGI tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) was the most common site of bleeding (81, 62.8%) and the cause of bleeding was not identified in 12 patients (9.3%). Specificity for identifying UGI bleeding was higher with the portable endoscopy than NG aspiration (85.4% vs 68.8%, P = 0.008) while accuracy was comparable. The accuracy of the portable endoscopy was significantly higher than that of NG in the subgroup analysis of patients with esophageal bleeding (88.2% vs 75%, P = 0.004). Food material could be detected more readily by the portable endoscopy than NG tube aspiration (20.9% vs 9.3%, P = 0.014). No serious adverse effect was observed during the portable endoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The portable endoscopy was not superior to NG aspiration for confirming UGI bleeding site. However, this novel portable endoscopy device might provide a benefit over NG aspiration in patients with esophageal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wang Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Bum
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Kuk
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Jong Hwan Choi, Jae Hyuk Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Hyung Ki Lee, Wang Yong Choi, Eun Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Park, Kwang Bum Cho, Byoung Kuk Jang, Woo Jin Chung, Jae Seok Hwang, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013396:Suction
keywords: Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal bleeding; Nasogastric aspiration