title: Creneis carolina gen. et sp. nov. (Heterolobosea), a novel marine anaerobic protist with strikingly derived morphology and life cycle.
abstract: We report the light-microscopic morphology and ultrastructure of a novel free-living, heterotrophic protist, Creneis carolina gen. et sp. nov. isolated from marine anoxic sediments. C. carolina is a heterotrophic, obligately anaerobic amoeboid flagellate, and superficially resembles Mastigamoeba (Amoebozoa: Archamoebae) or Breviata (Breviatea) by possessing a single anterior flagellum closely associated with the nucleus, and because it appears to be an anaerobe. However, its life cycle contains multiflagellate cells with an unusual morphology. The structure of the mastigont of C. carolina is unique and not readily comparable with any eukaryotic group. Unexpectedly, phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA and of a concatenate of α- and β-tubulin genes with SSU rDNA convincingly showed that C. carolina is a member of Heterolobosea and belongs to the taxon Tetramitia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pánek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, program in Integrated Microbial Biodiversity.
authors.forename: Alastair G B
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hampl
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ivan.cepicka@centrum.cz.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cepička
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Heterolobosea; anaerobiosis; evolution; molecular phylogeny.; new species; ultrastructure