title: Elaeodendron orientale as a source of cytotoxic cardenolides.
abstract: In the present study, we report six cardiac glycosides (1-6) along with four known ones (7-10) isolated from the leaves and fruits of Elaeodendron orientale. Their stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds were evaluated for growth inhibitory activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines, HeLa, A-549, MCF-7 and HL-60, and normal Vero cells. Four compounds from this series (5 and 7-9, IC50 values ranging from 0.01 to 0.07μM) exhibited cytotoxicity against three of the cancer cell lines assayed that was similar to or higher than the well-known therapies digoxin and digitoxigenin. Taking into account the narrow safety range of cardiac glycosides used in clinic, this series shows a selectivity index higher than 3 for three of the cancer cell lines assayed, increasing their interest for further study.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Alex A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Laila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moujir
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Matías L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Electronic address: ilopez@ull.es.
authors.forename: Isabel L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Bazzocchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002298:Cardenolides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029753:Celastraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004077:Digoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014709:Vero Cells; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002298:Cardenolides; D004077:Digoxin
keywords: Antiproliferative; Cardenolides; Celastraceae; Elaeodendron orientale; Human cancer cell lines