title: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by municipal effluent in multiple organs of Wistar rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in multiple organs of rats induced by municipal effluent released by submarine outfall in city of Santos. A total of 20 male Wistar rats were exposed to effluents by drinking water ad libitum at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 % for 30 days. Microscopic analysis revealed severe lesions such as necrosis and hemorrhagic areas in liver and kidney from animals exposed to effluent at 50 and 100 % concentration. DNA damage in peripheral blood, liver, and kidney cells were detected by comet assay at higher concentrations of effluent. Moreover, a decrease DNA repair capacity was detected in liver cells. Significant statistical differences (p<0.05) for micronucleated cells from liver were noticed at 50 % concentration of effluent. Taken together, our results demonstrate that municipal effluent is able to induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in multiple organs of Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor Hugo Pereira
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Carolina Foot Gomes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Flavia Andressa Pidone
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesar
authors.forename: Camilo Dias Seabra
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Marcelo Jose Dias
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012623:Seawater; D062065:Wastewater / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical