title: FK506 reduces calpain-regulated calcineurin activity in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
abstract: Excessive immune responses induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are known to lead to necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and calcineurin plays a major role in this process. Calcineurin dephosphorylates the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), permitting its translocation into the nucleus. As a result, calcineurin promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α. The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines causes renal cell death. Calcineurin activity is regulated by calpain, a cysteine protease present in the nucleus. Calpain-mediated proteolysis increases the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, resulting in NFAT dephosphorylation. This process has been studied in cardiomyocytes but its role in renal IRI is unknown. Thus, we examined whether calpain regulates calcineurin in renal tubule nuclei. We established an in vivo renal IRI model in mice and identified the protective role of a calcineurin inhibitor, FK506, in this process. Calcineurin is expressed in the nucleus, where it is present in its calpain-cleaved form. FK506 reduced nuclear expression of calcineurin and prevented calcineurin-mediated NFAT activation. Our study shows clearly that FK506 reduces calpain-mediated calcineurin activity. Consequently, calcineurin could not maintain NFAT activation. FK506 reduced renal cell death by suppressing the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. This study provides evidence that FK506 protects against inflammation in a renal IRI mouse model. We also provided a mechanism of calcineurin action in the nucleus. Therefore, FK506 could improve renal function by decreasing calcineurin activity in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of renal tubule cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwajin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Gu Seob
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Wan Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeong Jae
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Calcineurin; Calpain; FK506; Ischemic kidney