title: Delphinidin suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression by blocking the NF-κB activation through MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The synthesis and secretion of MMP-9 can be stimulated by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), during various pathological processes, such as tumor invasion, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis, whereas MMP-2 is usually expressed constitutively. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin present in pigmented fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and antiinvasive effects of delphinidin on PMA-induced MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells using zymography, western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Matrigel invasion assay. Delphinidin significantly suppressed PMA-induced MMP-9 protein expression in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, and it also inhibited the MMP-9 gene transcriptional activity by blocking the activation of NFkappaB (NF-κB) through MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the Matrigel invasion assay showed that delphinidin reduces PMA-induced cancer cell invasion. These results suggest that delphinidin is a potential antimetastatic agent that suppresses PMA-induced cancer cell invasion through the specific inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University , Dae-gu, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Kyung
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Won Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Chul-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Gil-Saeng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C017185:delphinidin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: MCF-7 cells; MMP-9; NFkappaB; delphinidin; phospho-JNK; phospho-p38