title: Establishment and characterization of an orthotopic sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite therapeutic improvements, patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) still face an unfavorable prognosis and there is great need for alternative treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCCNC4 cells, originally derived from a T2N1M0 primary and untreated sinonasal SCC, were inoculated in the maxillary sinus of immunodeficient mice. Histology, invasive behavior, and genetic features were evaluated and compared with the original primary tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mice developed tumors that invaded bone, surrounding tissues, and brain, showing the same poor differentiation as the original primary tumor. Genetic analysis revealed an almost identical pattern of copy number alterations, except for the deletion and loss of expression of the genes CDKN2A and PTEN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article shows the feasibility of an orthotopic mouse model of SCC of the maxillary sinus. Completed by genome-wide genetic profiling data, this model will be useful for preclinical testing of specific gene-targeted anticancer drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costales
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Inclán
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: César Álvarez
authors.initials: CÁ
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Llorente
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hermsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C487757:Pten protein, mouse
keywords: genetic profiling; immunohistochemistry; orthotopic mouse model; sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma; tumor invasion