title: The impact of ultra-brief chest compression-only CPR video training on responsiveness, compression rate, and hands-off time interval among bystanders in a shopping mall.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated higher-quality chest compressions (CCs) following a 60 s ultra-brief video (UBV) on compression-only CPR (CO-CPR). However, the effectiveness of UBVs as a CPR-teaching tool for lay bystanders in public venues remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine whether an UBV is effective in teaching laypersons CO-CPR in a public setting and if viewing leads to superior responsiveness and CPR skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult lay bystanders were enrolled in a public shopping mall and randomized to: (1) Control (CTR): sat idle for 60 s; (2) UBV: watched a 60 s UBV on CO-CPR. Subjects were read a scenario detailing a sudden collapse in the mall and asked to do what they "thought was best" on a mannequin. Performance measures were recorded for 2 min: responsiveness (time to call 911 and first CCs) and CPR quality [CC depth, rate, hands-off interval (time without CC after first CC)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred subjects were enrolled. Demographics were similar between groups. UBV subjects called 911 more frequently (percent difference: 31%) and initiated CCs sooner in the arrest scenario (median difference (MD): 5 s). UBV cohort had increased CC rate (MD: 19 cpm) and decreased hands-off interval (MD: 27 s). There was no difference in CC depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bystanders with UBV training in a shopping mall had significantly improved responsiveness, CC rate, and decreased hands-off interval. Given the short length of training, UBV may have potential as a ubiquitous intervention for public venues to help improve bystander reaction to arrest and CO-CPR performance.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Center for EMS, Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States. Electronic address: Ashish.panchal@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Ashish R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Meziab
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Wes
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Spaite
authors.affiliation: Maricopa Integrated Health Services , Phoenix, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Bentley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bobrow
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
authors.forename: Karl B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D013909:Thorax; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: CPR; CPR performance; CPR responsiveness; CPR teaching; Cardiac arrest; Lay bystander, Bystander CPR; Public; Shopping mall; Ultra-brief video