title: Effects of feeding dry or modified wet distillers grains with solubles with or without supplemental calcium oxide on ruminal metabolism and microbial enzymatic activity of beef cattle.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the interaction of feeding dry (DDGS) or modified wet (MDGS) distillers grains with solubles (DGS) with or without supplemental CaO on in situ DM and NDF disappearance; ruminal pH, VFA, and methane concentration; and cellulase and xylanase activity. Fistulated steers (n = 8; average initial BW = 540 ± 250 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial, and steers were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) 50% DDGS with 0% CaO, 2) 48.8% DDGS supplemented with 1.2% CaO, 3) 50% MDGS with 0% CaO, or 4) 48.8% MDGS supplemented with 1.2% CaO (DM basis). The remainder of the diet was husklage, dry-rolled corn, and vitamin and mineral supplement. There were no interactions (P ≥ 0.12) of DGS type and CaO addition on any parameters measured. Steers fed DDGS had a 17% increase (P < 0.01) in DMI compared to steers fed MDGS; however, CaO supplementation reduced (P = 0.03) DMI by 12%, regardless of DGS type. As expected, addition of CaO increased the pH of the diet by 1.82 pH units. This caused a time by CaO interaction (P = 0.05) for ruminal pH. Regardless of DGS type, steers supplemented with CaO tended to have increased (P = 0.09) ruminal pH at 1.5 h and had increased (P = 0.03) ruminal pH at 3 h postfeeding; however, ruminal pH did not differ (P ≥ 0.24) for the remainder of the day. There was no difference (P = 0.46) in ruminal cellulase activity when comparing type of DGS fed. However, there was a time by CaO interaction (P < 0.01); cattle fed 1.2% CaO diets had 28% greater ruminal cellulase activity only at 0 h postfeeding when compared to cattle fed 0% CaO. Furthermore, feeding supplemental CaO increased (P = 0.04) acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) regardless of type of DGS fed. Increased initial ruminal pH and cellulase activity from supplemental CaO did not increase (P = 0.48) in situ NDF disappearance. No differences (P ≥ 0.48) in ruminal methane concentration were found when comparing DGS type or supplemental CaO. In conclusion, the type of DGS fed had little effect on ruminal metabolism. Even though CaO increased ruminal pH and cellulase activity at some times postfeeding, it was not enough to affect in situ fiber disappearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iakiviak
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801 tfelix@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C016538:lime; D014995:Xylosidases; D002480:Cellulase; D008697:Methane
keywords: beef cattle; calcium oxide; distillers grains; rumen metabolism