title: Feedback-mediated upper extremities exercise: increasing patient motivation in poststroke rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This proof-of-concept study investigated whether feedback-mediated exercise (FME) of the affected arm of hemiplegic patients increases patient motivation and promotes greater improvement of motor function, compared to no-feedback exercise (NFE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a feedback-mediated treatment that uses gaming scenarios and allows online and offline monitoring of both temporal and spatial characteristics of planar movements. Twenty poststroke hemiplegic inpatients, randomly assigned to the FME and NFE group, received therapy five days a week for three weeks. The outcome measures were evaluated from the following: (1) the modified drawing test (mDT), (2) received therapy time-RTT, and (3) intrinsic motivation inventory-IMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FME group patients showed significantly higher improvement in the speed metric (P < 0.01), and smoothness metric (P < 0.01), as well as higher RTT (P < 0.01). Significantly higher patient motivation is observed in the FME group (interest/enjoyment subscale (P < 0.01) and perceived competence subscale (P < 0.01)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged endurance in training and greater improvement in certain areas of motor function, as well as very high patient motivation and strong positive impressions about the treatment, suggest the positive effects of feedback-mediated treatment and its high level of acceptance by patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Maša D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Miloš D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kostić
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Rehabilitation "Dr Miroslav Zotović", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sindi Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Rodić
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Rehabilitation "Dr Miroslav Zotović", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ljubica M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Konstantinović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation