title: Radiopharmaceutical study on Iodine-131-labelled hypericin in a canine model of hepatic RFA-induced coagulative necrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypericin (HYP) has been found avid to necrosis in small animal studies. We sought to evaluate the tissue distribution of (131)I-HYP in a large animal model and to explore the theranostic utilities of (131)I-HYP after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This animal experiment was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Twenty-five male dogs were enrolled and subjected to transabdominal hepatic RFA. (131)I-HYP was prepared by an electrophilic substitution method and intravenously administered at 0.5 mCi/kg. Systemic and regional distributions of (131)I-HYP were monitored dynamically by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT-CT), gamma counting, autoradiography, and fluorescent and light microscopy at different time points up to 14 days. Experimental data were quantified and statistically analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the tissues and organs retained (131)I-HYP only transiently. (131)I-HYP was mainly metabolised in the liver and excreted into the bile. (131)I-HYP gradually accumulated in the RFA-induced necrosis with a peak concentration occurring within 2 days and lasting over 2 weeks as visualised by in vivo SPECT-CT and ex vivo autoradiography and fluorescent microscopy, and quantified by radioactivity and fluorescence measurements. Accumulation of (131)I-HYP was low in both the necrosis centre and normal liver tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (131)I-HYP showed persistent high affinity to hepatic thermo-coagulative necrosis, but only a transient uptake by normal liver in dogs. Necrosis caused by RFA could be indicated by (131)I-HYP on nuclear imaging, which suggests a supplementary measure for tumour detection and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei St, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ziping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yicheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004285:Dogs; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D010569:Perylene; C004965:hypericin