title: Association of neighborhood characteristics with cardiovascular health in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The concept of cardiovascular health (CVH) was introduced as a global measure of one's burden of cardiovsacular risk factors. Previous studies established the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and individual cardiovascular risk factors. However, the relationship between neighborhood environment and overall CVH remains unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline examination (2000–2002). Mean age was 61.6 years, and 52% were women. Ideal, intermediate, and poor categories of cholesterol, body mass index, diet, physical activity, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and smoking were defined according to the American Heart Association 2020 Strategic Goals, assigned an individual score, and summed to create an overall score. CVH scores were categorized into ideal (11–14 points), intermediate (9–10), and poor (0–8). Neighborhood exposures included favorable food store and physical activity resources densities (by 1-mile buffer), reported healthy food availability,walking/physical activity environment, safety, and social cohesion (by census tract). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association of each characteristic with ideal and intermediate CVH, adjusted for demographics and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Over 20% of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants had an ideal CVH score at baseline. In fully adjusted models, favorable food stores (odds ratio=1.22; 1.06–1.40), physical activity resources(odds ratio=1.19; 1.08–1.31), walking/physical activity environment (odds ratio=1.20; 1.05–1.37), and neighborhood socioeconomic status (odds ratio=1.22; 1.11–1.33) were associated with higher odds of having an ideal CVH score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neighborhood environment including favorable food stores, physical activity resources, walking/physical activity environment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status are associated with ideal CVH. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal associations between neighborhood environment and CVH.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Diez-Roux
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Jones
authors.forename: Mahasin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mujahid
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nettleton
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Sylvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Badon
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Norrina B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*