title: Updating biomass into functional carbon material in ionothermal manner.
abstract: The development of meaningful ways to transfer biomass into useful materials, more efficient energy carriers, and/or carbon storage deposits is a profound challenge of our days. Herein, an ionothermal carbonization (ITC) method, via treating natural resources (glucose, cellulose, and sugar cane bagesse) in nonmetal ionic liquids (ILs) at ∼200 °C, is established for the fabrication of porous heteroatom-doped carbon materials with high yield. Commercial ILs with bulky bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion or cross-linkable nitrile group were found to be efficient and recyclable templates for porosity control, leading to exciting nanoarchitectures with promising performance in oxygen reduction reaction. The optimized ILs (12 mL) can dissolve and directly convert up to 15 g of glucose into porous carbon materials (SBET: 272 m(2)/g) one time. This ITC method relies on the synergistic use of structure-directing effect, good biomass solubility, and excellent thermal stability of ILs, and provides a sustainable strategy for exploiting biomass.
authors.affiliation: Carbon Nano Materials Group, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yutong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Zhongzhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D002244:Carbon; D002482:Cellulose; C027433:bagasse; D005947:Glucose; D009584:Nitrogen