title: Prophylactic role of α-lipoic acid and vitamin E against zinc oxide nanoparticles induced metabolic and immune disorders in rat's liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potential health hazard is associated with the wide use of nanoparticles. The prophylactic role of either α-lipoic acid (α-lip) or vitamin E (vit E) against the toxic effect of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO-NPs) induced metabolic disorder, inflammation and DNA damage in rat livers was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  ZnO-NPs were administered orally using two doses (600 mg and 1 g/kg body weight/day for 5 conscutive days). Some biomarkers of tissue damage, metabolic disorder, and DNA damage were investigated to explore the protective mechanisms of α-lip or vit E against ZnO-NPs induced hepatotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-administration of either α-lip (200 mg/kg body weight) or vit E (100 mg/kg body weight) daily for three weeks to ZnO-NPs intoxicated rats, significantly down-modulated the marked increase in serum ALT (marker of liver damage) and also serum glucose level (marker of metabolic disorder) as well as the pro-inflammatory biomarkers including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobin G (IGg). Reduced glutathione level was decreased while caspase3 level was elevated in liver tissues of ZnO-NPs treated group compared with intoxicated one. Moreover histopathological examination of liver tissue supported the previous biochemical markers. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs induced hepatic oxidative DNA damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Either α-lip or vit E proved to be hepatoprotective agents against ZnO-NPs toxicity because they ameliorated metabolic and immune disorders related to liver damage and modulated the previous measured parameters.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ihasan@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abdel Baky
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Faddah
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fatani
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mohamad
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020011:Protective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014810:Vitamin E; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione; D015034:Zinc Oxide