title: Immunomodulating activity of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols.
abstract: The immunomodulating effects of isolated proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and anthocyanins of Aronia melanocarpa were investigated. In this work, the complement-modulating activities, the inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and effects on cell viability of these polyphenols were studied. Several of the proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, the procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and the cyanidin aglycone possessed strong complement-fixing activities. Cyanidin 3-glucoside possessed stronger activity than the other anthocyanins. Procyanidins C1, B5 and B2 and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions having an average degree of polymerization (PD) of 7 and 34 showed inhibitory activities on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. All, except for the fraction containing proanthocyanidins with PD 34, showed inhibitory effects without affecting cell viability. This study suggests that polyphenolic compounds of A. melanocarpa may have beneficial effects as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. g.t.t.ho@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Giang T T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. p.m.braunlich@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bräunlich
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. ingvild.austarheim@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Ingvild
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Austarheim
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. helle.wangensteen@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wangensteen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. k.e.malterud@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Malterud
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research-Bioforsk Vest Særheim, Postvegen 213, N-4353 Klepp station, Norway. rune.slimestad@bioforsk.no.
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slimestad
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. hilde.barsett@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barsett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D046936:Photinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D009569:Nitric Oxide