title: The effect of patient-centeredness and gender of professional role models on trainees' mentalization responses. Implications for film-aided education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how certain characteristics of film-presented practitioner role-models influence trainees' mentalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an experimental setting, psychology students watched four film clips presenting a patient-practitioner session; the clips varied in the practitioner's patient-centeredness (positive vs. negative) and gender. Participants commented on the practitioner's thoughts, emotions and intentions through the session. Analysis of 116 comments focused on the effect of patient-centeredness and gender variables on mentalization and judgment utterances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Negative role-models and female role-models induced higher levels of mentalization compared to positive and male role-models. There was no gender difference in the level of mentalization; however male participants gave more judgmental responses than female participants. The patient-centeredness had a larger effect on mentalization when trainees described the opposite gender role-model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a systematic comparison, students' capacity for mentalization differed according to role-models' patient-centeredness and gender, as well as the gender-match of students with role-models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When working with film-presented role-models, educators should be aware of the differences in the level of mentalization elicited by positive and male role-models, as opposed to negative and female role-models. Educators should also consider the gender-match between trainees and role-models, therefore students should be exposed to both cross- and same-gender role-models.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cultural Inquiry (ICON) - Media and Performance Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.e.balint@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bálint
authors.affiliation: Doctoral School of Psychology, University of ELTE, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Csabai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016544:Patient Simulation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000523:psychology; D013240:Stereotyping; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Film-aided education; Gender differences; Medical education; Mentalization; Patient-centeredness; Role modeling