title: Impact of work schedules on sleep duration of critical care nurses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep deprivation leads to reduced vigilance and potentially impairs work performance. Nurses may work long shifts that may contribute to sleep deprivation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess how nurses' sleep patterns are affected by work schedules and other factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2009 and June 2010, a total of 20 critical care nurses completed daily sleep and activity logs and a demographic survey and wore an actigraph to objectively measure sleep time for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariate model with controls for repeated measures, mean sleep time between consecutive work shifts was short: 6.79 hours between 2 day shifts and 5.68 hours between 2 night shifts (P = .01). Sleep time was much greater between days when no shifts were worked (8.53 hours), consistent with catch-up sleep during these times. Every minute of 1-way commuting time was associated with a reduction of sleep time by 0.84 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Critical care nurses obtain reduced amounts of sleep between consecutive work shifts, particularly between consecutive night shifts. Whether this degree of sleep deprivation adversely affects patients' safety needs further study.
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hirsch Allen
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adhami
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sirounis
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tholin
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dodek
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia.
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: A. J. Hirsch Allen is a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Julie E. Park is a statistician at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Nassim Adhami is a nurse at St Paul's Hospital. Demetrios Sirounis is a critical care physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Harriet Tholin is a patient services manager in the intensive care unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peter Dodek is a professor at the Center for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, and a physician in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care and University of British Columbia. Ann E. Rogers is a professor at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Najib Ayas Najib Ayas is a staff member at Vancouver General Hospital and Providence Health Care, and an associate professor and head of the Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia. nayas@providencehealth.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Najib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ayas
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D064648:Critical Care Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance