title: Niv versus dropping vitrification in cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The containers for vitrification of tissues include cryovials, copper grids, Pasteur pipettes, the solid-surface method and etc. Recently the acupuncture needle was used to achieve better result in vitrification of human ovarian tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the needle immersed vitrification method (NIV) is a promising approach to vitrify the human ovarian tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human ovarian biopsies from five patients were vitrified using NIV and Dropping vitrification. After 14 days of in vitro culture, the incidence of apoptotic primordial follicles from fresh and vitrified groups was assessed by TUNEL assay. 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were detected in the media after culturing of vitrified and fresh ovarian tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of apoptotic primordial follicles was significantly higher in the dropping vitrification group than in the NIV group (P < 0.05). E2 and P4 concentrations were significantly higher in NIV groups than in Dropping vitrification group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NIV was an appropriate method to vitrify ovarian tissue by improving the growth potential of frozen-warmed ovarian tissue in vitro culture.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. xiaozhunok@163.com.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D058989:Vitrification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol