title: Kinematics of transition during human accelerated sprinting.
abstract: This study investigated kinematics of human accelerated sprinting through 50 m and examined whether there is transition and changes in acceleration strategies during the entire acceleration phase. Twelve male sprinters performed a 60-m sprint, during which step-to-step kinematics were captured using 60 infrared cameras. To detect the transition during the acceleration phase, the mean height of the whole-body centre of gravity (CG) during the support phase was adopted as a measure. Detection methods found two transitions during the entire acceleration phase of maximal sprinting, and the acceleration phase could thus be divided into initial, middle, and final sections. Discriminable kinematic changes were found when the sprinters crossed the detected first transition-the foot contacting the ground in front of the CG, the knee-joint starting to flex during the support phase, terminating an increase in step frequency-and second transition-the termination of changes in body postures and the start of a slight decrease in the intensity of hip-joint movements, thus validating the employed methods. In each acceleration section, different contributions of lower-extremity segments to increase in the CG forward velocity-thigh and shank for the initial section, thigh, shank, and foot for the middle section, shank and foot for the final section-were verified, establishing different acceleration strategies during the entire acceleration phase. In conclusion, there are presumably two transitions during human maximal accelerated sprinting that divide the entire acceleration phase into three sections, and different acceleration strategies represented by the contributions of the segments for running speed are employed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan nagahara.r@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagahara
authors.affiliation: Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2311, Japan.
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zushi
keywords: Attractor; Biomechanics; Breakpoint; Locomotion; Running