title: Adipose tissue CIDEA is associated, independently of weight variation, to change in insulin resistance during a longitudinal weight control dietary program in obese individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Weight loss reduces risk factors associated with obesity. However, long-term metabolic improvement remains a challenge. We investigated quantitative gene expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals and its relationship with low calorie diet and long term weight maintenance induced changes in insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred eleven overweight and obese individuals followed a dietary protocol consisting of an 8-week low calorie diet followed by a 6-month ad libitum weight-maintenance diet. Individuals were clustered according to insulin resistance trajectories assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Adipose tissue mRNA levels of 267 genes selected for regulation according to obesity, metabolic status and response to dieting was assessed using high throughput RT-qPCR. A combination of discriminant analyses was used to identify genes with regulation according to insulin resistance trajectories. Partial correlation was used to control for change in body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three different HOMA-IR profile groups were determined. HOMA-IR improved during low calorie diet in the 3 groups. At the end of the 6-month follow-up, groups A and B had reduced HOMA-IR by 50%. In group C, HOMA-IR had returned to baseline values. Genes were differentially expressed in the adipose tissue of individuals according to groups but a single gene, CIDEA, was common to all phases of the dietary intervention. Changes in adipose tissue CIDEA mRNA levels paralleled variations in insulin sensitivity independently of change in body mass index. Overall, CIDEA was up-regulated in adipose tissue of individuals with successful long term insulin resistance relapse and not in adipose tissue of unsuccessful individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concomitant change in adipose tissue CIDEA mRNA levels and insulin sensitivity suggests a beneficial role of adipose tissue CIDEA in long term glucose homeostasis, independently of weight variation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00390637.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montastier
authors.affiliation: Toulouse University, Institut de Mathématiques UMR CNRS 5219, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Déjean
authors.affiliation: Toulouse University, Institut de Mathématiques UMR CNRS 5219, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viguerie
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology