title: Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses.
abstract: The huge RNA genome of SARS coronavirus comprises a number of open reading frames that code for a total of eight accessory proteins. Although none of these are essential for virus replication, some appear to have a role in virus pathogenesis. Notably, some SARS-CoV accessory proteins have been shown to modulate the interferon signaling pathways and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The structural information on these proteins is also limited, with only two (p7a and p9b) having their structures determined by X-ray crystallography. This review makes an attempt to summarize the published knowledge on SARS-CoV accessory proteins, with an emphasis on their involvement in virus-host interaction. The accessory proteins of other coronaviruses are also briefly discussed. This paper forms part of a series of invited articles in Antiviral Research on "From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses" (see Introduction by Hilgenfeld and Peiris (2013)).
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore. Electronic address: dxliu@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Ding Xiang
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
authors.forename: To Sing
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kelvin Kian-Long
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilgenfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
keywords: Accessory proteins; Other coronaviruses; SARS-CoV; Structure and function