title: Relations between patients in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic inpatient care: a literature review and conclusions for clinical practice and research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In psychiatric inpatient units patients live closely together, which facilitates mutual interactions. Patient relations are part of the therapeutic milieu, which is an important factor in helping patients to recover. Types of patient relations are nonbinding superficial encounters, working alliances, personal relations like close partner relationships, or sexual contacts. Intimate relations between patients are scientifically and in clinical practice, a rather, neglected topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A data search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE databases with the key terms "patient relations" or "intimate relations between patients".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the type of relation and inpatient unit, prevalence rates of 1.5-30% for intimate relations between patients in psychiatric hospitals are reported. Such relations can have beneficial effects, like the feelings of bonding or being liked, but also negative consequences, like burdening, worsening of the illness, treatment complications, or direct harm to the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a few units have development guidelines. It is the responsibility of the therapeutic staff and the hospital management to support a helpful therapeutic milieu, including positive patient interactions, and to protect as far as it is possible patients from negative encounters.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation at the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Department of Behavioural and Psychosomatic Medicine at the Rehabilitation Centre Seehof , Teltow/Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linden
mesh_terms: D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Patient relations; psychiatric inpatient treatment; sexuality; side effects; therapeutic milieu