title: Cyclophosphamide intoxication because of pharmacy error in two dogs.
abstract: METHODS
  An 8-year-old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier and 5-year-old castrated male West Highland White Terrier were evaluated because of cyclophosphamide intoxication subsequent to pharmacy error. Both dogs received cumulative doses of approximately 1,080 mg of cyclophosphamide/m(2) after cyclophosphamide was erroneously dispensed instead of cyclosporine by different pharmacies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both dogs became lethargic, and 1 dog also had anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea within 2 days after initiation of cyclophosphamide administration. The other dog developed anorexia on the seventh day after initiation of cyclophosphamide administration. The dogs were evaluated by their primary-care veterinarians 9 and 11 days after administration of the first dose of cyclophosphamide, and both had severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One dog was treated on an outpatient basis with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and an appetite stimulant. The other dog was more severely affected and was hospitalized for 7 days, during which it was treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, gastroprotectants, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and cryopreserved platelet and packed RBC transfusions. Both dogs fully recovered after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was the first report of survival for dogs with inadvertent prolonged cyclophosphamide intoxication subsequent to pharmacy error. Although the 2 dogs had similar clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings, the severity of disease and treatment required differed for each dog. Dogs can recover from prolonged cyclophosphamide intoxication provided appropriate supportive care is administered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Bethany R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sabatino
authors.forename: Jacqueline C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Whittemore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D006133:Growth Substances; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide