title: Inhibitory effect of St. John׳s Wort oil macerates on TNFα-induced NF-κB activation and their fatty acid composition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oil macerates of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John׳s Wort=SJW) have a long history of medicinal use and SJW has been used in traditional medicine both orally and topically for centuries worldwide mainly for wound healing, ulcer and inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the fatty acid composition of 10 traditionally (home-made) and 13 commercially (ready-made) prepared SJW oil macerates by GC-MS. The acid, peroxide, iodine, saponification values, and the unsaponifiable matters of the samples were determined according to the European Pharmacopoeia. We also explored potential mechanism of wound healing effect of the samples, i.e. TNFα-induced NF-κB activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most home-made oil samples contained oleic acid predominantly and complied with the requirements set for olive oil by European Pharmacopoeia. However, majority of the ready-made samples appeared to have adulteration with some other oils. Moderate NF-κB inhibitory effects have been observed with some of the oil samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study sheds light on the fact that application of the proper traditional method to prepare olive oil macerates from Hypericum perforatum is able to get bioactive constituents in the oil. Besides, inhibition of TNFα-induced NF-κB activation appears to be a potential mechanism for topical wound healing activity of SJW oil macerates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: iorhan@gazi.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ilkay Erdogan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Rifat
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gülpinar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orlikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: deniz.tasdemir@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tasdemir
mesh_terms: D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry*; D020014:K562 Cells; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010938:Plant Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Fatty acid; Hypericum perforatum; NF-κB activation; Oleum Hyperici; St. John׳s Wort oil; TNFα