title: Persistence of Parent-Reported ADHD Symptoms From Childhood Through Adolescence in a Community Sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine ADHD symptom persistence and factors associated with elevated symptom counts in a diverse, longitudinal community-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents reported demographics and completed a diagnostic interview repeatedly over a 6-year period. At Time 1, 481 interviews were completed about children (5-13 years); all participants were invited to four annual follow-up interviews, and 379 (79%) completed at least one. Inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (HI) symptom counts were modeled with logistic quantile regression, while accounting for study design complexities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of seven IA symptoms remained stable from early childhood through late adolescence. The prevalence of eight HI symptoms decreased by more than half over time. After demographic adjustment, the upper quartile of HI symptom counts decreased with age (p < .01). High HI symptom counts persisted more among those with high IA symptom counts (p = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study further characterizes and provides insights into ADHD symptom trajectory through adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA vzt4@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cuffe
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Susanna N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Forthofer
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bottai
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortaglia
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: McKeown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; development; persistence