title: Vision photoscreening of infants and young children in a primary care pediatric office: can it identify asymptomatic treatable amblyopic risk factors?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of vision photoscreening a large cohort of asymptomatic children age 6 months to 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photoscreening was performed at the 6 and 18 months and annually at the 2- to 5-year scheduled pediatric health assessment visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1976 children underwent photoscreening for amblyopic risk factors during an 18-month period; 167 of them (8.5%) screened positive. Of the 94 study children who were evaluated by a pediatric ophthalmologist, 25 required intervention at their initial visit (26.6%). Ten children were diagnosed with amblyopia, representing 0.5% of all children screened.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vision photoscreening of 1976 young children identified 10 with previously undiagnosed amblyopia and an additional 15 with treatable pre-amblyopic risk factors. It is unlikely that any of these children with serious refractive errors would have been detected without the use of in-office vision photoscreening.
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA drjason@pedsfirst.com.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halegoua
authors.affiliation: Inova Children's Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods*
keywords: amblyopia; anisometropia; astigmatism; photoscreening; strabismus; vision screening