title: A review of bovine Johne's disease control activities in 6 endemically infected countries.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is endemic in the bovine populations of many countries and can cause a significant reduction in animal welfare and production efficiency making control desirable. Effective control has proved very difficult to achieve despite multiple regionally coordinated programmes being in existence since the 1920s. The international community increasingly recognises the value in learning from the collective experiences of existing programmes to improve the effectiveness of control. The aim of this review is to outline key aspects of bovine Johne's disease control activities across 6 endemically infected countries to facilitate comparison of current international practice. The background, control activities and monitoring components of programmes in Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States of America were individually reviewed. Factual accuracy of each review was checked by individuals involved in the respective programmes before the reviews were condensed and combined into a single document presented here, with the complete reviews of each programme available as supplementary material. There was considerable heterogeneity in key aspects of control activity design including goals, responses to declining participation, herd classification, recommended control measures and associated test requirements. The data presented will be of interest to organisations that are involved in developing new or existing regionally coordinated BJD control activities.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, United Kingdom. Electronic address: timothy.geraghty@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Ireland, Main Street, Carrick-On-Shannon, Co Leitrim, Ireland.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Training Section, Department of Agriculture, 6 East, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mullowney
authors.affiliation: UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: More
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Bovine Johne's disease; Cattle; National control; Paratuberculosis; Programme; Surveillance