title: Uniformity of nucleosome preservation pattern in Mammalian sperm and its connection to repetitive DNA elements.
abstract: Nucleosome-to-protamine exchange during mammalian spermiogenesis is essential for compaction and protection of paternal DNA. It is interesting that, depending on the species, 1% to 15% of nucleosomes are retained, but the generalizability and biological function of this retention are unknown. Here, we show concordantly in human and bovine that nucleosomes remained in sperm chromatin predominantly within distal intergenic regions and introns and associated with centromere repeats and retrotransposons (LINE1 and SINEs). In contrast, nucleosome depletion concerned particularly exons, 5'-UTR, 3'-UTR, TSS, and TTS and was associated with simple and low-complexity repeats. Overlap of human and bovine genes exhibiting nucleosome preservation in the promoter and gene body revealed a significant enrichment of signal transduction and RNA- and protein-processing factors. Our study demonstrates the genome-wide uniformity of the nucleosome preservation pattern in mammalian sperm and its connection to repetitive DNA elements and suggests a function in preimplantation processes for paternally derived nucleosomes.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samans
authors.affiliation: Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gaurav Vilas
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Sarode
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.affiliation: Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.affiliation: Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Temuujin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dansranjavin
authors.affiliation: Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: undraga.schagdarsurengin@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Undraga
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schagdarsurengin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009707:Nucleosomes; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA