title: Comparative effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride and ractopamine hydrochloride on live performance and carcass characteristics of calf-fed Holstein steers.
abstract: Holstein steers (n = 2,275) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) a control diet containing no β-agonists, 2) a diet that contained zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; 8.3 mg/kg [100% DM basis]) for 20 d with a 3-d withdrawal period before harvest, and 3) a diet that contained ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 30.1 mg/kg [100% DM basis]) for 28 d before harvest. No differences (P ≥ 0.18) were detected between treatments for initial BW, BW at d 28, or DMI. Final BW, BW gain for the last 28 d, total BW gain, ADG for the last 28 d, and overall ADG were greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed ZH or RH than for steers fed the control diet. Additionally, G:F for the last 28 d and G:F for the entire trial was increased (P < 0.02) for steers fed ZH (0.147, 0.147) or RH (0.153, 0.151) compared to steers fed the control diet (0.134, 0.143), respectively. Steers fed ZH or RH had HCW that were 15.5 and 8.2 kg heavier (P ≤ 0.01) and LM areas that were 7.1 and 2.3 cm(2) larger (P < 0.01) than control cattle. Steers fed ZH also had dressed carcass yields that were 1.3% to 1.5% greater and USDA calculated yield grades that were decreased 0.16 to 0.23 units compared to RH and control steers. No differences (P ≥ 0.39) were found between treatments for marbling score, fat thickness, and percentage KPH. Steers fed ZH had an increased (P ≤ 0.04) percentage of yield grade 1 and 2 carcasses (15.1, 55.0) and a reduced (P ≤ 0.02) percentage of yield grade 3 carcasses (27.1) compared with those fed RH (10.5, 49.1, 36.1) or the control diet (9.0, 47.4, 36.4), respectively. Additionally, ZH-fed steers had a decreased (P ≤ 0.04) percentage of yield grade 4 and 5 carcasses (2.8) compared with steers fed the control diet (6.9). Steers fed ZH had an increased (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of USDA Select grading carcass (31.0%) and a decreased (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of USDA Choice grading carcasses (65.0%) compared with steers fed RH (25.8%, 70.2%) and no β-agonist (24.8%, 72.0%), respectively. Feeding either β-agonist to calf-fed Holstein steers increased live performance through increased BW, BW gain, and ADG. Furthermore, supplementing calf-fed Holstein steers with ZH provides greater improvements in HCW, LM area, and yield grade components, with a slight decrease in quality grade when compared to calf-fed Holstein steers supplemented with RH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sexten
authors.affiliation: Beef Carcass Research Center, Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon 79016.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS 66018.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS 66018.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS 66018.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hutcheson
authors.affiliation: Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS 66018.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hodgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409 chance.brooks@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014297:Trimethylsilyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010627:Phenethylamines; D014297:Trimethylsilyl Compounds; C475840:Zilpaterol; C060897:ractopamine
keywords: beef; calf-fed Holstein; performance; ractopamine hydrochloride; zilpaterol hydrochloride