title: The cost of genetic testing for ocular disease: who pays?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To facilitate ophthalmologists' understanding on the cost of genetic testing in ocular disease, the complexities of insurance coverage and its impact on the availability of testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many insurance carriers address coverage for genetic testing in written clinical policies. They provide criteria for medically necessary testing. These policies mostly cover testing for individuals who are symptomatic and in whom testing will have a direct impact on medical treatment. In cases in which no treatments are currently available, other than research trials, patients may have difficulty in getting insurance coverage for genetic testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic testing for inherited eye diseases can be costly but has many benefits to patient care, including confirmation of a diagnosis, insight into prognostic information, and identification of associated health risks, inheritance patterns, and possible current and future treatments. As gene therapy advances progress, the availability for treatment in ocular diseases, coverage for genetic testing by third-party payers could increase on the basis of current clinical policies.
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jenina E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Capasso
mesh_terms: D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000191:economics* / Q000235:genetics; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000191:economics; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000191:economics