title: Antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an adjunct method in peri-implant biofilm control.
abstract: Great possibilities for oral rehabilitation emerged as a result of scientific consolidation, as well as a large number of dental implant applications. Along with implants appeared diseases such as mucositis and peri-implantitis, requiring management through several strategies applied at different stages. Biofilm accumulation is associated with clinical signs manifest by both tooth and implant inflammation. With this in mind, regular and complete biofilm elimination becomes essential for disease prevention and host protection. Chemical control of biofilms, as an adjuvant to mechanical oral hygiene, is fully justified by its simplicity and efficacy proven by studies based on clinical evidence. The purpose of this review was to present a consensus regarding the importance of antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an auxiliary method in chemical peri-implant biofilm control. The active ingredients of the several available mouthrinses include bis-biguanide, essential oils, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxygenating compounds, chlorine derivatives, plant extracts, fluorides, antibiotics and antimicrobial agent combinations. It was concluded that there is strong clinical evidence that at least two mouthrinses have scientifically proven efficacy against different oral biofilms, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate and essential oils; however, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate presents a number of unwanted side effects and should be prescribed with caution. Chemical agents seem beneficial in controlling peri-implant inflammation, although they require further investigation. We recommend a scientifically proven antiseptic, with significant short and long term efficacy and with no unwanted side effects, for the prevention and/or treatment of peri-implant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pedrazzi
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex Nogueira
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Karina Pinto de
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Mendes
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pannuti
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliete Rodrigues de
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Oliveira
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sheila Cavalca
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials and Prosthesis Department, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sigmar de Mello
authors.initials: Sde M
authors.lastname: Rode
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D015921:Dental Implants; D009067:Mouthwashes; D002710:Chlorhexidine