title: The regulation of IL-10 expression.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine and an understanding of how IL-10 expression is controlled is critical in the design of immune intervention strategies. IL-10 is produced by almost all cell types within the innate (including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells) and adaptive (including CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells and B cells) immune systems. The mechanisms of IL-10 regulation operate at several stages including chromatin remodelling at the Il10 locus, transcriptional regulation of Il10 expression and post-transcriptional regulation of Il10 mRNA. In addition, whereas some aspects of Il10 gene regulation are conserved between different immune cell types, several are cell type- or stimulus-specific. Here, we outline the complexity of IL-10 production by discussing what is known about its regulation in macrophages, monocytes, DCs and CD4(+) T helper cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK.
authors.forename: Leona
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabryšová
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Garra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10