title: 2014 female athlete triad coalition consensus statement on treatment and return to play of the female athlete triad.
abstract: The female athlete triad is a medical condition often observed in physically active girls and women and involves three components: (1) low energy availability with or without disordered eating, (2) menstrual dysfunction, and (3) low bone mineral density. Female athletes often present with one or more of the three triad components, and early intervention is essential to prevent its progression to serious end points that include clinical eating disorders, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. This consensus statement presents a set of recommendations developed following the first (San Francisco, CA) and second (Indianapolis, IN) International Symposia on the Female Athlete Triad. This consensus statement was intended to provide clinical guidelines for physicians, athletic trainers, and other health care providers for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of the female athlete triad and to provide clear recommendations for return to play. The expert panel has proposed a risk stratification point system that takes into account magnitude of risk to assist the physician in decision making regarding sport participation, clearance, and return to play. Guidelines are offered for clearance categories, management by a multidisciplinary team, and implementation of treatment contracts.
authors.affiliation: 1Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT; 2Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA; 3University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; 4Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 5University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY; 7Stanford University, San Francisco, CA; 8California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA; 9Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; 10Washington; 11University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 12Ohio University, Athens, OH; 13McMaster University, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; 14San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; and 15Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joy
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nattiv
authors.forename: Madhusmita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Nancy I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mallinson
authors.forename: Jenna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olmsted
authors.forename: Marci
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goolsby
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrack
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drinkwater
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebrun
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Loucks
authors.forename: Margo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mountjoy
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Jorunn Sundgot
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Borgen
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D053716:Female Athlete Triad Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome