title: Distribution of Candida species isolated from blood cultures in hospitals in Osaka, Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida species are clinically important causes of bloodstream infections because their mortality is very high. Given that some species of Candida are azole-resistant, identifying the distributions of Candida species could facilitate the formulation of an appropriate empirical antifungal therapy. It has been shown that the distribution varies depending on the continent, country, city, and hospital. In this paper, we describe the distributions of species in hospitals in northern Osaka, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated blood culture results obtained from six tertiary hospitals in the northern Osaka area between 2004 and 2011. We also obtained comorbidity information from the patients' hospital medical records. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to compare the risk of death related to the different species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 165 cases of candidemia confirmed by blood culture, 66% were male and the mean age was 62 years (range = 0-96). Overall, Candida albicans comprised 70 cases (43%), followed by Candida parapsilosis with 36 cases (22%), Candida glabrata with 25 cases (15%), Candida tropicalis with 11 cases (7%), Candida krusei with 10 cases (6%), and other Candida species with 13 cases (8%). C. tropicalis had higher associated mortality than other species, although it was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species, but the proportion of non-albicans Candida species was not negligible. The relatively high frequency of non-albicans Candida species distinguished the Japanese distribution from other areas. This characteristic distribution may have important implications when formulating an empirical antifungal therapy for Japanese clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: morrydaich@alum.emory.edu.
authors.forename: Daiichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morii
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: seki@hp-infect.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: José N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Binongo
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomono
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058387:Candidemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: Candidemia; Distribution; Fluconazole susceptibility; Local epidemiology; Non-albicans Candida