title: Fouling of enhanced biological phosphorus removal-membrane bioreactors by humic-like substances.
abstract: Fouling by free extracellular polymeric substances was studied in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal-membrane bioreactor. It was demonstrated that the free extracellular polymeric substances, primarily consisting of humic-like substances, were adsorbed to the membrane used in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal-membrane bioreactor plant. Infrared analyses indicated the presence of the humic-like substances on the membrane's active surface after filtration of the free extracellular polymeric substances suspension. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of a gel layer on the membrane surface after filtration of the free extracellular polymeric substances suspension. The gel layer caused a significant decline in water flux. This layer was not entirely removed by a backwashing, and the membrane's water flux could not be re-established. The membrane used in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal-membrane bioreactor plant showed infrared spectra similar to that fouled by the free extracellular polymeric substances suspension in the laboratory. Thus, the results of this study show the importance of humic-like substances in irreversible fouling of enhanced biological phosphorus removal-membrane bioreactor systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Eskandar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poorasgari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fojan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keiding
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address: mlc@bio.aau.dk.
authors.forename: Morten Lykkegaard
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D019149:Bioreactors; D005782:Gels / Q000032:analysis*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D010539:Permeability; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D006812:Humic Substances; D011108:Polymers; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Adsorption; Free EPS; Gel layer; Humic-like substances