title: The association between individual and combined components of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 26.3 million people in the United States have chronic kidney disease and many more are at risk of developing the condition. The association between specific metabolic syndrome components and chronic kidney disease in African American individuals is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from 4,933 participants of the Jackson Heart Study were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds and 95% confidence intervals of chronic kidney disease associated with individual components, metabolic syndrome, the number of components, and specific combinations of metabolic syndrome components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic syndrome was common with a prevalence of 42.0%. Chronic kidney disease was present in 19.4% of participants. The prevalence of metabolic components was high: elevated blood pressure (71.8%), abdominal obesity (65.8%), low fasting high density lipoprotein cholesterol (37.3%), elevated fasting glucose (32.2%) and elevated triglycerides (16.2%). Elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with increased odds of chronic kidney disease. Participants with metabolic syndrome had a 2.22-fold (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.22; 95% CI, 1.78-2.78) increase in the odds of chronic kidney disease compared to participants without metabolic syndrome. The combination of elevated fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, and abdominal obesity was associated with the highest odds for chronic kidney disease (AOR 25.11; 95% CI, 6.94-90.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome as well as individual or combinations of metabolic syndrome components are independently associated with chronic kidney disease in African American adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Vincent L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Mendy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America; RTRN Data Coordinating Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Sarpong
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Kidney and Hypertension Section, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sylvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Olugbemiga T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Ekundayo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jung Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Azad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.affiliation: Jackson Heart Study, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brenda C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Jackson Heart Study, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Addison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi; D008954:Models, Biological; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides