title: Advanced treatment for basal cell carcinomas.
abstract: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are very common epithelial cancers that depend on the Hedgehog pathway for tumor growth. Traditional therapies such as surgical excision are effective for most patients with sporadic BCC; however, better treatment options are needed for cosmetically sensitive or advanced and metastatic BCC. The first approved Hedgehog antagonist targeting the membrane receptor Smoothened, vismodegib, shows remarkable effectiveness on both syndromic and nonsyndromic BCCs. However, drug-resistant tumors frequently develop, illustrating the need for the development of next-generation Hedgehog antagonists targeting pathway components downstream from Smoothened. In this article, we will summarize available BCC treatment options and discuss the development of next-generation antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.
authors.forename: Scott X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Atwood
authors.affiliation: Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.
authors.forename: Ramon J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Whitson
authors.affiliation: Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oro
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000072086:Smoothened Receptor; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C538724:HhAntag691; D011725:Pyridines; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C491023:SMO protein, human; D000072086:Smoothened Receptor