title: Locomotion improvement using a hybrid assistive limb in recovery phase stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of gait training using a single-leg version of the Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) on the paretic side with conventional gait training in individuals with subacute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized open controlled pilot trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 44 patients who met the criteria; 12 patients refused. After randomization (N=32), 10 patients withdrew and a total of 22 poststroke participants (HAL group: n=11; conventional group: n=11) completed the randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants received twelve 20-minute sessions in 4 weeks of either HAL (wearing the single-leg version of the HAL on their paretic side) or conventional (performed by skilled and experienced physical therapists) gait training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures were evaluated prior to training and after 12 sessions. Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) was the primary outcome measure, whereas secondary outcome measures included maximum walking speed, timed Up and Go test, 6-minute walk distance, Short Physical Performance Battery, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity, and isometric muscle strength (hip flexion and extension, knee flexion and extension).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No participants withdrew because of adverse effects. Participants who received gait training with the HAL showed significantly more improvement in the FAC than those who received conventional gait training (95% confidence interval, .02-.88; P=.04). Secondary measures did not differ between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained in this randomized controlled trial suggest that a gait training program with the HAL could improve independent walking more efficiently than conventional gait training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science and Welfare, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saitou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science and Welfare, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. Electronic address: hyanagi@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051341:Dependent Ambulation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Gait; Locomotion; Rehabilitation; Robotics; Stroke