title: The effect of using CBCT in the diagnosis of canine impaction and its impact on the orthodontic treatment outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the added-value of using CBCT in the orthodontic treatment method of maxillary impacted canines and treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 118 treated patients. The CBCT group (n = 58) (39 females/19 males with the mean age of 14.3 years) included those with conventional treatment records consisting of panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, intra-and extra-oral photographs, and dental casts and complemented with a CBCT scan for additional diagnostic information. The conventional group (n = 60) (31 females/29 males with mean age 13.1 years) included those with similar conventional treatment records but without CBCT imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the canine-related variables between both groups. The CBCT group had the higher level of difficulty and more severely displaced canines when compared with the conventional group. However, no significant difference was found between groups either in the number of treatment methods used or in the use of interceptive methods combined with other treatment modalities or choice of extraction versus non-extraction. In terms of treatment success and interval duration, no significant differences were found. However, treatment duration was significantly (4 months) shorter in the CBCT group compared with the conventional group (P = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT has been used in cases with more severe symptoms of maxillary canine impaction. The use of CBCT improved the diagnostic capabilities and improved the chances of success in the more difficult cases to a level similar to that of simpler cases treated on the basis of 2D information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Orthodontics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alqerban
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Reinhilde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Orthodontics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter-Jan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Keirsbilck
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Orthodontics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Medhat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Orthodontics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swinnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, KU Leuven and Universiteit Hasselt, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fieuws
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Orthodontics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willems
keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; cuspid; impacted; teeth