title: Gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid conjugate of arabinogalactan as a potential liver-targeting magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent.
abstract: A novel biocompatible macromolecule (AG-CM-EDA-DOTA-Gd) was synthesized as a liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. AG-CM-EDA-DOTA-Gd consisted of a carboxymethyl-arabinogalactan unit conjugated with gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) via ethylenediamine, and was specifically designed to bind to hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein in vivo, in an effort to develop a potential new tool for the diagnosis of liver diseases. The T1-relaxivity (8.87mmol(-1)Ls(-1)) of AG-CM-EDA-DOTA-Gd was 1.86 times than that of Gd-DOTA (4.76mmol(-1)Ls(-1)) in D2O at 9.4 T and 25°C. MRI experiments showed significant enhancement in rat liver following the intravenous administration of AG-CM-EDA-DOTA-Gd (0.094mmol Gd(3+)/kg body weight), which persisted for longer than Gd-DOTA (0.098mmol Gd(3+)/kg body weight). The mean percentage enhancements in the liver parenchyma were 85.2±6.5% and 19.3±3.3% for AG-CM-EDA-DOTA-Gd and Gd-DOTA, respectively. The results of this study therefore indicate that AG-CM-EDA-DOTA-Gd could be used as a potential liver-targeting contrast agent for MRI.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China; National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China. Electronic address: youty@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Tianyan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China. Electronic address: xjli@ciac.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China.
authors.forename: Fengkui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D005685:Galactans; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C031234:ethylenediamine; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate; C005653:arabinogalactan
keywords: Arabinogalactan; Liver; MRI contrast agent; Relaxivity