title: Roles of cyclooxygenase 2 and hepatic venous flow in patients with HHT or hepatopulmonary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and hepatopulmonary syndrome are disorders characterized by the development of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  COX2 may be at the origin of a cascade of pro inflammatory events to favour angiogenesis and PAVM development.
  
  
  METHODS
  HHT and hepatopulmonary syndrome mouse models may be used to show its effects on PAVM formation. Anti COX-2 therapy could also be tested in human individuals, particularly in patients presenting a hepatopulmonary syndrome or HHT with small PAVM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAVMs are one of the main causes of morbidity in patients presenting with HHT disease, owing to the risks of rupture as well as paradoxical embolism exposing to stroke and/or cerebral abscess. Percutaneous embolization has become the treatment of choice of PAVM. Anti COX2 may prevent from PAVM development and subsequent related complications and avoid either surgery and/or percutaneous embolization and thus subsequent related complication.
authors.affiliation: Pluridisciplinary HHT team, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 9, Avenue Charles de GAULLE, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France. Electronic address: lacout.alexis@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lacout
authors.affiliation: Pluridisciplinary HHT team, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 9, Avenue Charles de GAULLE, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Pierre Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Marcy
authors.affiliation: Pluridisciplinary HHT team, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 9, Avenue Charles de GAULLE, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thariat
authors.affiliation: Pluridisciplinary HHT team, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 9, Avenue Charles de GAULLE, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sellier
authors.affiliation: Pluridisciplinary HHT team, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 9, Avenue Charles de GAULLE, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Hajjam
authors.affiliation: Pluridisciplinary HHT team, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 9, Avenue Charles de GAULLE, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lacombe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000503:physiopathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000201:enzymology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2