title: Optimizing isotropic three-dimensional fast spin-echo methods for imaging the knee.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize acquisition parameters for three dimensional fast spin-echo (3D FSE) imaging of the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  The knees of eight healthy volunteers were imaged in a 3 Tesla MRI scanner using an eight-channel knee coil. A total of 146 intermediate weighted isotropic resolution 3D FSE (3D-FSE-Cube)images with varied acquisition parameter settings were acquired with an additional reference scan performed for subjective image quality assessment. Images were graded for overall quality, parallel imaging artifact severity and blurring. Cartilage, muscle, and fluid signal-to-noise ratios and fluid-cartilage contrast-to-noise ratios were quantified by acquiring scans without radio frequency excitation and custom-reconstructing the k-space data.Mixed effects regression modeling was used to determine statistically significant effects of different parameters on image quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in receiver bandwidth, repetition time and echo train length significantly affected all measurements of image quality (P < 0.05). Reducing band width improved all metrics of image quality with the exception of blurring. Reader agreement was slight to fair for subjective metrics, but overall trends in quality ratings were apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We used a systematic approach to optimize 3D-FSE-Cube parameters for knee imaging. Image quality was overall improved using a receiver bandwidth of 631.25 kHz, and blurring increased with lower band width and longer echo trains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Charles Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weitian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jarrett K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kijowski
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Reed F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: Garry E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D055815:Young Adult