title: Renal pigmentation due to chronic bismuth administration in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: Renal pigmentation due to the administration of exogenous compounds is an uncommon finding in most species. This report describes renal pigmentation and intranuclear inclusions of the proximal convoluted tubules due to chronic bismuth administration in a rhesus macaque. An 11-year-old Indian-origin rhesus macaque with a medical history of chronic intermittent vomiting had been treated with bismuth subsalicylate, famotidine, and omeprazole singly or in combination over the course of 8 years. At necropsy, the renal cortices were diffusely dark green to black. Light and electron microscopy revealed intranuclear inclusions within the majority of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. These inclusions appeared magenta to brown when stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were negative by the Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain. Elemental analysis performed on frozen kidney measured bismuth levels to be markedly elevated at 110.6 ppm, approximately 500 to 1000 times acceptable limits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of renal bismuth deposition in a rhesus macaque resulting in renal pigmentation and intranuclear inclusions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Blaine
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA lewisann@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001729:Bismuth / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012459:Salicylates; C015715:bismuth subsalicylate; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Macaca mulatta; bismuth; intranuclear inclusion bodies; kidney tubules; pigment; renal tubular epithelium