title: Stent placement for treatment of long-segment (≥40 mm) carotid atherosclerotic stenosis: results and long-term follow-up in a single-center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of long segment carotid stenosis (≥40 mm) with carotid artery stenting (CAS) has rarely been reported. In randomized trials, use of longer stents (>40 mm) has been associated with adverse clinical events. Here, we report our preliminary experience on the stent length and outcome in treating long segment carotid arterial stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between August 2003 and February 2013, 22 patients with long segment stenosis of the carotid artery were treated by CAS. The mean stent length was 58.5 mm (50-60 mm). The procedures were successful in all patients, and all reported remarkable relief of symptoms immediately after stent placement. Complications included 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage and one death from myocardial infarction at 10 months. The mean follow up was 27.3 months (10-60 months). One follow-up was lost. 2 patients had late stent thrombosis at 22 and 36 months by CTA follow-up. 18 patients had persistent relief, and angiography/CTA showed normal carotid flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that stenting for long carotid stenosis (≥40 mm) can be beneficial. Large scale clinical trial is needed to further evaluate its efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: hujuntmmu@live.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Shugui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Shoujia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: chenkangningcq@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kangning
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Angioplasty; Atherosclerotic disease; Carotid arteries; Stenosis; Stent