title: The increasing incidence of thromboembolic events among hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed a national population-based study examining the incidence of both venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease over the past decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database was performed. Patients hospitalized with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were identified using ICD-9 codes. The incidence of clinically relevant venous thromboembolic events and arterial thromboembolic events including myocardial infarction, visceral ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral arterial events was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 461,415 hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients were identified. Among these patients, 28,820 had a diagnosis of a thromboembolic event (overall prevalence of 6%). The incidence of thromboembolic events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease rose from 5.65% in 2000 to 7.17% by 2009. There were 18,270 (3.96%) patients who had an arterial thrombotic event, the most common being myocardial infarction (50%), followed by visceral ischemia (25%), and cerebrovascular incidents (22%). There were 11,083 (2.4%) patients identified to have had a venous thrombotic event, with the most common manifestation being deep vein thrombosis (77%), pulmonary embolism (32%), and portal vein thrombosis (3.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increasing incidence of thromboembolic event in patients with inflammatory bowel disease was observed over the past decade. Interestingly, there were more arterial thrombotic events in comparison to venous thrombotic events.
authors.affiliation: Overton Brooks Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Louisiana State University at Shreveport, USA.
authors.forename: SreyRam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuy
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Center for Translational Injury Research (CeTIR), Department of Surgery, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chappidi
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seabrook
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kellie R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA cjlee@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Cheong J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; arterial embolic events; thromboembolic events; venous embolic events