title: Pre- and postnatal determinants of deciduous molar hypomineralisation in 6-year-old children. The generation R study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deciduous Molar Hypomineralisation (DMH) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) are common developmental disturbances in pediatric dentistry. Their occurrence is related. The same determinants as suggested for MIH are expected for DMH, though somewhat earlier in life. Perinatal medical problems may influence the prevalence of DMH but this has not been studied sufficiently.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify possible determinants of DMH in a prospective cohort study among 6-year-old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. The the data were used to identify the determinants of DMH. Clinical photographs of clean, moist teeth were taken with an intra-oral camera in 6690 children (mean age 6.2 years; 49.9% girls). Data on possible determinants that had occurred during pregnancy and/or the child's first year of life were on the basis of manual standardized measurements (like length and weight) and questionnaires. Multivariate analyse with backward and forward selection was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A number of factors in the pre-, peri- and postnatal phase were found to be associated with DMH. After multivariate logistic regression analyses, Dutch ethnic background, low birth weight, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and fever episodes in the first year of the child's life were found to play a role in the development of DMH in 6-year-old children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that Dutch ethnicity, low birth weight, alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy and any fever in the first year of the child's life are associated with DMH. Not only childhood factors but also prenatal lifestyle factors need to be taken into account when studying determinants for DMH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marlies E C
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Elfrink
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henriette A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kiefte-de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: ten Cate
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap S J
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Veerkamp
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000002:abnormalities*