title: Evidence of widespread ozone-induced visible injury on plants in Beijing, China.
abstract: Despite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-induced visible injury in vegetation are very scarce. Visible injury was investigated on July and August 2013 in the main parks, forest and agricultural areas of Beijing. Ozone injury was widespread in the area, being observed in 28 different species. Symptoms were more frequent in rural areas and mountains from northern Beijing, downwind from the city, and less frequent in city gardens. Among crops, injury to different types of beans (genera Phaseolus, Canavalia and Vigna) was common, and it was also observed in watermelon, grape vine, and in gourds. Native species such as ailanthus, several pines and ash species were also symptomatic. The black locust, the rose of Sharon and the Japanese morning glory were among the injured ornamental plants. Target species for broader bio-monitoring surveys in temperate China have been identified.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Zhaozhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Jingsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China.
authors.forename: Wuxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Enzhu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: calatayud_viclor@gva.es.
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calatayud
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010944:Plants / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D014197:Trees / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Air pollution; Bioindicator plants; Ozone; Visible injury