title: The effect of TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on the intestinal immune response of cobia (Rachycentron canadum).
abstract: Cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) motifs of bacterial DNA are recognized through toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are potent activators of innate immunity. However, the interaction between TLR9 and CpG ODN in aquatic species has not been well characterized. Hence, cobia TLR9 isoform B (RCTLR9B) was cloned and its expression and induction in intestine were investigated. RCTLR9B cDNA consists of 3113bp encoding 1009 amino acids containing three regions, leucine rich repeats, transmembrane domain, and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Intraperitoneal injection of CpG ODN 2395 upregulated RCTLR9 A and B and MyD88 and also induced the expressions of Mx, chemokine CC, and interleukin IL-1 β . Cobia intraperitoneally injected with CpG ODN 1668 and 2395 had increased survival rates after challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. In addition, formulation of CpG ODN with formalin-killed bacteria (FKB) and aluminum hydroxide gel significantly increased expressions of RCTLR9 A (50 folds) and B (30 folds) isoforms at 10 dpi (CpG ODN 1668) and MyD88 (21 folds) at 6 dpv (CpG ODN 2395). Subsequently, IL-1 β increased at 6 dpv in 1668 group. No histopathological damage and inflammatory responses were observed in the injected cobia. Altogether, these results facilitate CpG ODNs as an adjuvant to increase bacterial disease resistance and efficacy of vaccines in cobia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Omkar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Byadgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan ; Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dinda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puteri
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jai-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Anatomy & Pathology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Chou
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yan-Horn
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ta-Chih
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9