title: All-printed diode operating at 1.6 GHz.
abstract: Printed electronics are considered for wireless electronic tags and sensors within the future Internet-of-things (IoT) concept. As a consequence of the low charge carrier mobility of present printable organic and inorganic semiconductors, the operational frequency of printed rectifiers is not high enough to enable direct communication and powering between mobile phones and printed e-tags. Here, we report an all-printed diode operating up to 1.6 GHz. The device, based on two stacked layers of Si and NbSi2 particles, is manufactured on a flexible substrate at low temperature and in ambient atmosphere. The high charge carrier mobility of the Si microparticles allows device operation to occur in the charge injection-limited regime. The asymmetry of the oxide layers in the resulting device stack leads to rectification of tunneling current. Printed diodes were combined with antennas and electrochromic displays to form an all-printed e-tag. The harvested signal from a Global System for Mobile Communications mobile phone was used to update the display. Our findings demonstrate a new communication pathway for printed electronics within IoT applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robertsson
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, De La Rue plc, Overton, Hampshire RG25 3SE, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andersson Ersman
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Petronella
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norberg
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and.
authors.forename: Xianjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hesselbom Innovation and Development HB, SE-14138 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hjalmar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hesselbom
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, De La Rue plc, Overton, Hampshire RG25 3SE, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Akesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahlman
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Crispin
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;
authors.forename: Isak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Engquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden;Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden; magnus.berggren@liu.se Goran.Gustafsson@acreo.se.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.affiliation: Printed Electronics, Acreo AB, SE-602 22 Norrköping, Sweden; magnus.berggren@liu.se Goran.Gustafsson@acreo.se.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
keywords: UHF; silicon particle