title: Regulatory T cells protect fine particulate matter-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells (Tregs) in protecting fine particulate matter (PM-) induced inflammatory responses, and its potential mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with graded concentrations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µg/cm(2)) of suspension of fine particles for 24h. For coculture experiment, HUVECs were incubated alone, with CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells (Teff), or with Tregs in the presence of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies for 48 hours, and then were stimulated with or without suspension of fine particles for 24 hours. The expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-) 6 and IL-8, were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to endothelial cells was increased and NF- κ B activity was upregulated in HUVECs after treatment with fine particles. However, after Tregs treatment, fine particles-induced inflammatory responses and NF- κ B activation were significantly alleviated. Transwell experiments showed that Treg-mediated suppression of HUVECs inflammatory responses impaired by fine particles required cell contact and soluble factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tregs could attenuate fine particles-induced inflammatory responses and NF- κ B activation in HUVECs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Wen-cai
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Yan-ge
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Fang-qin
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Yu-dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Zhu-yue
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Jin-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Jing-jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Yi-tian
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Mei-an
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Tang-chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China ; Institute of Cardiology, LIYUAN Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
authors.forename: Long-xian
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052638:Particulate Matter; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1