title: Prenatal diagnosis of true diphallia and associated anomalies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diphallia poses several surgical, psychological, and esthetic issues. Currently, diphallia is only diagnosed after birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a true diphallia in one fetus of dichorionic twins noted at 23 weeks of gestation. In this fetus, two phallus-like protrusions and a bifid scrotum, as well as a duplicated collecting system of both kidneys, were found on ultrasonogram. Unfortunately, the fetus died near term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diphallia, although exceedingly rare, can be precisely diagnosed antenatally. Careful ultrasound examination of the origins of the fetal phallus and of other adjacent organs is essential to establish the diagnosis of diphallia and to detect any associated anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-An
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Yi-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Po-Kai
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jin-Chung
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*