title: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in eyes with acute ischaemic retinal whitening.
abstract: Acute retinal ischaemia presents in various forms depending on the type and location of the associated vascular occlusion. Cotton wool spots have been considered one manifestation of ischaemia and represent swelling in the nerve fibre layer. However, clinical retinal whitening also occurs in areas not affected by cotton wool spots, and has distinguishing spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features. We present SD-OCT findings of hyper-reflectivity and thickening in four eyes with representative retinal arterial or retinal venous occlusions, specifically branch retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, Purtscher-like retinopathy and ophthalmic artery occlusion. The spectrum of retinal ischaemia from various causes was found to manifest in inner nuclear layer hyper-reflectivity and thickening on SD-OCT. En Face OCT imaging further characterises the topographical distribution of ischaemia, and reveals patterns which provide insight into the pathological processes involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Emmett T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA.
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: H Richard
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jumper
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: West Coast Retina Medical Group, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lujan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Imaging; Retina