title: GABAA receptor agonist at the caudo-lateral peribrachial area suppresses ponto-geniculo-occipital waves and its related states.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to explore the potential role of GABA, acetylcholine and glutamate in the caudo-lateral peribrachial area (C-PBL) over Rapid-Eye-Movement sleep (REM) onset and maintenance as well as on synchronized sleep with ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves (SP) in cats, a muscimol, carbachol and L-glutamate local application was performed and behavioral states were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen chronically implanted, adult, male cats underwent a 23 hour polysomnographic recording after 3 pharmacological manipulations: carbachol, muscimol and L-glutamate. Each cat received all three drugs randomly with a seven day interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) Carbachol increases waking, SP and REM sleep while decreases slow wave sleep (SWS). 2) Muscimol decreases SP percentage and number while increases REM sleep onset. 3) Carbachol facilitates PGO activity and increases the latency to both SWS1 and REM sleep but enhances PGO activity while muscimol decreases it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acetylcholine promotes PGO related states (SP as well as REM sleep), while GABA reduces only SP and specifically PGOs.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico; Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico. Electronic address: salado@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Salado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rivera-García
authors.affiliation: Área de Neurociencias, Departamento Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier Velázquez
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Moctezuma
authors.affiliation: Área de Neurociencias, Departamento Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Anabel Jiménez
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Anguiano
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellicer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009118:Muscimol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011149:Pons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects*; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D009118:Muscimol; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002217:Carbachol
keywords: Carbachol; Caudo-lateral peribrachial area (C-PBL); Glutamate; Muscimol; Ponto-geniculo-occipital waves (PGO); Synchronized sleep with PGO waves (SP)