title: Sarcoidosis: sex-dependent variations in presentation and management.
abstract: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with a wide range of clinical presentations. The manifestations and prognosis in sarcoidosis are dependent upon not only organ involvement but also age and sex. The purpose of this review is to describe the systemic and ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis with a specific focus on sex-dependent difference in presentation and management. Sarcoidosis is more common in women, particularly in patients who present after age of 50 years. Women with sarcoidosis are more likely to develop cystoid macular edema and the mortality rate is higher than that of men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Lana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rifkin