title: Long-term changes in the ghrelin-CB1R axis associated with the maintenance of lower body weight after sleeve gastrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the hypothalamus, the molecular actions of receptors for growth hormone secretagogue (ghrelin) receptor-GHSR, leptin receptor-b (LEPRb), Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) regulate energy homeostasis and body weight. We hypothesized that the acute loss of stomach tissue upon sleeve gastrectomy (SG), performed to treat obesity, imposes modulations on the expression of these receptors in the brain to sustain weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats, induced to obesity with high-fat diet were randomized to SG- or sham-operation groups and killed at 30 or 90 days post surgery, when the expression of Ghrl, Mboat4 and Cnr1 in the stomach, and Ghsr, Leprb, Mc4r and Cnr1 in distinct brain areas was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SG acutely reduced body weight and fat mass and suppressed the remnant stomach mRNA levels of preproghrelin and ghrelin O-acyltransferase, which correlated well with long-term decreases in CB1R mRNA. In the hypothalamus, increases in GHSR and decreases in CB1R and LEPRb by 30 days were followed by further downregulation of CB1R and an increase in MC4R by 90 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post SG, acyl-ghrelin initiates a temporal hierarchy of molecular events in the gut-brain axis that may both explain the sustained lower body weight and suggest intervention into the cannabinoid pathways for additional therapeutic benefits.
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece [2] Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fedonidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alexakis
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Koliou
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Asimaki
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsirimonaki
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mangoura