title: Olfactory reference syndrome: a still open nosological and treatment debate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to report a case of olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) with several co-occurring disorders and to discuss ORS differential diagnoses, diagnostic criteria and classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 37-year-old married woman presented overvalued ideas of having bad breath since adolescence. She met current diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, body dysmorphic disorder and major depressive disorder. ORS similarities and differences with some related disorders are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies regarding symptoms, biomarkers and outcomes are needed to fully disentangle ORS from existing depressive, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.
authors.affiliation: Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Brazil.
authors.forename: Jule Ane
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dallaqua
authors.affiliation: Anxiety and Depression Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro & D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fontenelle
authors.affiliation: Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Brazil. Electronic address: torresar@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Albina R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Diagnostic criteria; Differential diagnoses; Nosological classification; Obsessive–compulsive disorder; Olfactory reference syndrome