title: Childhood cortical porosity is related to microstructural properties of the bone-muscle junction.
abstract: Childhood cortical porosity is attributable to giant asymmetrical drifting osteonal canals that arise predominantly along the primary-secondary bone interface (PSBI). Bone from the external iliac crest cortex of 92 subjects aged 0 to 25 years was examined histomorphometrically for differences in microstructural properties between primary and secondary bone that might account for features of drifting osteonal canals. Primary compared with secondary bone showed greater numbers of osteocyte lacunae, thinner collagen lamellae, and a scaffold of elastic perforating fibers (PFs). The greater number of osteocyte lacunae compounded by known perilacunar strain amplification and the presence of elastic PFs are expected to be associated with greater bone tissue strain in primary than in secondary bone and thus with strain gradients at the PSBI. Strain gradients may lead local osteocytes to originate resorption canals and to promote transverse drift of the resorption front into lower-strain secondary bone, thus creating giant asymmetrical drifting osteonal canals that remodel primary to secondary bone. PFs extended from muscle fibers through periosteum and primary bone to the PSBI, where they were resorbed by origination of drifting canals. Growth modeling by periosteal osteoblasts proceeds in the gaps between PFs. Through the direct connection between muscle and the PSBI via PFs, muscle forces may influence not only modeling by raising strain but also remodeling of primary to secondary bone by increasing strain gradients at the PSBI. With reduction in primary bone width after the mid-teens, numbers of drifting canals and porosity declined. Differences in microstructural properties between primary and secondary bone are expected to generate strain gradients at the PSBI that contribute to site, transverse drift, asymmetry and large size of drifting canals, and, hence, to cortical porosity. Cortical porosity in children is a physiological feature of bone growth in width. Advisability of therapeutic intervention remains to be defined.
authors.affiliation: MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity
keywords: BONE-MUSCLE JUNCTION; CHILDHOOD; CORTICAL POROSITY; DRIFTING OSTEONS; PERFORATING FIBERS; STRAIN