title: Atomic layer deposition enhanced grafting of phosphorylcholine on stainless steel for intravascular stents.
abstract: In-stent restenosis (ISR) and re-endothelialization delay are two major issues of intravascular stent in terms of clinical safety and effects. Construction of mimetic cell membrane surface on stents using phosphorylcholine have been regarded as one of the most powerful strategies to resolve these two issues and improve the performance of stents. In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, which is widely used in semiconductor industry, was utilized to fabricate ultra-thin layer (10nm) of alumina (Al2O3) on 316L stainless steel (SS), then the alumina covered surface was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) sequentially in order to produce phosphorylcholine mimetic cell membrane surface. The pristine and modified surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and water contact angle measurement. Furthermore, the abilities of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and cell proliferation on the surfaces were investigated. It was found that alumina layer can significantly enhance the surface grafting of APS and MPC on SS; and in turn efficiently inhibit protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, and promote the attachment and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on the surfaces. In association with the fact that the deposition of alumina layer is also beneficial to the improvement of adhesion and integrity of drug-carrying polymer coating on drug eluting stents, we expect that ALD technology can largely assist in the modifications on inert metallic surfaces and benefit implantable medical devices, especially intravascular stents.
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Excellence Technology Center for Interventional Medical Devices, Nanjing 210093, China. Electronic address: ztnj@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008689:Methacrylates; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C070638:2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Atomic layer deposition; Intravascular stents; Phosphorylcholine; Stainless steel; Surface modification