title: Current evidence of temozolomide and bevacizumab in treatment of gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review article summarizes in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence pertaining to temozolomide (TMZ) and bevacizumab (BEV) efficacy and mechanism of action in gliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant publications published before June 2013 in PubMed database were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temozolomide and BEV are current chemotherapeutic agents treating patients with high-grade glioma, including glioblastoma. In vitro and in vivo studies have proposed discordant cell death pathways for TMZ as either apoptosis or autophagy using different experimental setting details or cell lines. In addition, BEV may cause cell death through hypoxia-induced autophagy or unspecific indirect effects on cancer cells. The complexity of cancer cells in glioma has contributed to their resistance of both chemotherapies. In clinical trials, overall survival duration in glioma patients with recurrence (8-9 months) is lower than that in newly diagnosed patients (12-15 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our collected data support the addition of radiotherapy, BEV, and other targeted agents to TMZ treatment, indicating prolonged survival duration in newly diagnosed patients. However, the optimal regimen for treating high-grade glioma cannot be concluded without more clinical trials.
authors.forename: Danop
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nanegrungsunk
authors.forename: Wimrak
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Onchan
authors.forename: Nipon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
authors.forename: Siriporn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chattipakorn
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077204:Temozolomide
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide
keywords: Apoptosis,; Autophagy; Bevacizumab,; Glioma,; Temozolomide,