title: Fate and metabolism of tetrabromobisphenol A in soil slurries without and with the amendment with the alkylphenol degrading bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3.
abstract: Transformation of ring-(14)C-labelled tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) was studied in an oxic soil slurry with and without amendment with Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3, a bacterium degrading bisphenol-A. TBBPA degradation was accompanied by mineralization and formation of metabolites and bound-residues. The biotransformation was stimulated in the slurry bio-augmented with strain TTNP3, via a mechanism of metabolic compensation, although this strain did not grow on TBBPA. In the absence and presence of strain TTNP3, six and nine metabolites, respectively, were identified. The initial O-methylation metabolite (TBBPA-monomethyl ether) and hydroxytribromobisphenol-A were detected only when strain TTNP3 was present. Four primary metabolic pathways of TBBPA in the slurries are proposed: oxidative skeletal rearrangements, O-methylation, ipso-substitution, and reductive debromination. Our study provides for the first time the information about the complex metabolism of TBBPA in oxic soil and suggests that type II ipso-substitution could play a significant role in the fate of alkylphenol derivatives in the environment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Fangjie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, CH, 4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nastold
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, No.10, Huan Bei San Cun, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
authors.forename: Bingqi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, CH, 4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zenker
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, CH, 4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Boris Alexander
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kolvenbach
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Institute for Marine Science & Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: ji@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz, CH, 4132, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: François-Xavier Corvini
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A
keywords: Bioaugmentation; Brominated flame retardant; Environmental fate; Metabolism; TBBPA