title: An anatomical study comparing two surgical approaches for isolated talonavicular arthrodesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two operative approaches are commonly used for isolated talonavicular arthrodesis: the medial and the dorsal approach. It is recognized that access to the lateral aspect of the talonavicular joint can be limited when using the medial approach, and it is our experience that using the dorsal approach addresses this issue. We performed an anatomical study using cadaver specimens, to compare the amount of articular surface that can be accessed by each operative approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medial and dorsal approaches to the talonavicular joint were performed on each of 11 cadaveric specimens (10 fresh frozen, 1 embalmed). Distraction of the joint was performed as used intraoperatively and the accessible area of articular surfaces was marked for each of the 2 approaches using a previously reported technique. Disarticulation was performed and the marked surface area was quantified using an immersion digital microscribe, allowing a 3-dimensional virtual model of the articular surfaces to be assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median percentage of total accessible talonavicular articular surface area for the medial and dorsal approaches was 71% and 92%, respectively (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides quantifiable measurements of the articular surface accessible by the medial and dorsal approaches to the talonavicular joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support for the use of the dorsal approach for talonavicular arthrodesis, particularly in cases where access to the lateral half of the joint is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK zoe.higgs@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Quentin A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Fogg
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: C Senthil
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D013628:Talus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: anatomical study; cadaver study; operative approach; talonavicular arthrodesis