title: The expression and significance of dishevelled in human glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The proto-oncogene dishevelled (Dvl) is a critical component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and its elevated expression in various tumor types is associated with malignancy. However, a role for Dvl in glioma has not been explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether Dvl expression is elevated in human glioma, we examined the protein levels in 67 human glioma samples and 3 normal brain specimens by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. To investigate a possible association of Dvl with the malignant phenotype in glioma, the correlation of the Dvl immunoreactivity score (IRS) with β-catenin IRS, the tumor proliferation index (PI), and tumor invasion index (II) were determined for each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Dvl IRS, β-catenin IRS, PI, and II increased significantly with the pathologic grade of glioma (P <0.001) with average scores of 3.46 ± 3.45, 3.92 ± 3.28, 30.93 ± 17.92, and 20.43 ± 11.79, respectively. Furthermore, the PI and II were significantly higher for the Dvl-positive group than the Dvl-negative group (P <0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated that β-catenin IRS, PI, and II were positively correlated with Dvl IRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dvl overexpression may contribute to the malignant proliferation and invasion of human glioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhi City People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China. Electronic address: 13935535420@139.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. Electronic address: guogeng973@163.com.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center of Health Examination, Changzhi City People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jiehe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhi City People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhi City People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changzhi City People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D051176:beta Catenin; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Dishevelled; Glioma; Invasion; Proliferation; β-catenin