title: Simultaneous analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in plasma by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Brazil is considered one of the countries with the highest number of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) users worldwide, mainly diethylpropion (DIE) and fenproporex (FEN). The use of ATS is mostly linked to diverted prescription stimulants and this misuse is widely associated with (ab)use by drivers. A validated method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of amphetamine (AMP), DIE and FEN in plasma samples employing direct immersion-solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis. Trichloroacetic acid 10% was used for plasma deproteinization. In situ derivatization with propylchloroformate was employed. The linear range of the method covered from 5.0 to 100 ng/mL. The detection limits were 1.0 (AMP), 1.5 (DIE) and 2.0 ng/mL (FEN). The accuracy assessment of the control samples was within 85.58-108.33% of the target plasma concentrations. Recoveries ranged from 46.35 to 84.46% and precision was <15% of the value of relative standard deviation. This method is appropriate for screening and confirmation in plasma forensic toxicology analyses of these basic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil krismariotti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kristiane de Cássia
authors.initials: Kde C
authors.lastname: Mariotti
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roselena S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferranti
authors.affiliation: Setor Técnico-Científico, Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal no Rio Grande do Sul, 1365 Ipiranga Avenue, Azenha, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90160-093, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Setor Técnico-Científico, Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal no Rio Grande do Sul, 1365 Ipiranga Avenue, Azenha, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90160-093, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pechansky
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Limberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000097:blood*; D004053:Diethylpropion / Q000097:blood*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000661:Amphetamine; D004053:Diethylpropion; C026013:fenproporex