title: Engineering light-inducible nuclear localization signals for precise spatiotemporal control of protein dynamics in living cells.
abstract: The function of many eukaryotic proteins is regulated by highly dynamic changes in their nucleocytoplasmic distribution. The ability to precisely and reversibly control nuclear translocation would, therefore, allow dissecting and engineering cellular networks. Here we develop a genetically encoded, light-inducible nuclear localization signal (LINuS) based on the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1. LINuS is a small, versatile tag, customizable for different proteins and cell types. LINuS-mediated nuclear import is fast and reversible, and can be tuned at different levels, for instance, by introducing mutations that alter AsLOV2 domain photo-caging properties or by selecting nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of various strengths. We demonstrate the utility of LINuS in mammalian cells by controlling gene expression and entry into mitosis with blue light.
authors.affiliation: 1] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niopek
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2].
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benzinger
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roensch
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2].
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Draebing
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wehler
authors.affiliation: 1] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eils
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Ventura
mesh_terms: D018554:Avena / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism*; D056949:Phototropins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D056949:Phototropins; D010940:Plant Proteins