title: Simulated disparity and peripheral blur interact during binocular fusion.
abstract: We have developed a low-cost, practical gaze-contingent display in which natural images are presented to the observer with dioptric blur and stereoscopic disparity that are dependent on the three-dimensional structure of natural scenes. Our system simulates a distribution of retinal blur and depth similar to that experienced in real-world viewing conditions by emmetropic observers. We implemented the system using light-field photographs taken with a plenoptic camera which supports digital refocusing anywhere in the images. We coupled this capability with an eye-tracking system and stereoscopic rendering. With this display, we examine how the time course of binocular fusion depends on depth cues from blur and stereoscopic disparity in naturalistic images. Our results show that disparity and peripheral blur interact to modify eye-movement behavior and facilitate binocular fusion, and the greatest benefit was gained by observers who struggled most to achieve fusion. Even though plenoptic images do not replicate an individual’s aberrations, the results demonstrate that a naturalistic distribution of depth-dependent blur may improve 3-D virtual reality, and that interruptions of this pattern (e.g., with intraocular lenses) which flatten the distribution of retinal blur may adversely affect binocular fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyUCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiello
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chessa
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solari
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bex
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: binocular fusion; blur; disparity; multifocal lenses; natural images