title: Analysis of volatile organic compounds in rats with dopaminergic lesion: Possible application for early detection of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron depletion. Early detection of PD may help in selecting the appropriate treatment. Biomarkers of PD have been suggested, however none of these is currently in clinical use. The aim of this study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as early biomarkers of PD. Our hypothesis was that during PD progression, specific VOCs are generated that are linked to the biochemical pathways characterizing PD. These VOCs can be detected by GC-MS combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. Three groups of rats were studied: DA-lesioned rats injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (HDA; 250μg/rat n=11); control rats injected with saline (n=9), and control rats injected with DSP-4 (n=8), a specific noradrenergic neuron toxin. Blood and striatal tissue homogenate were analyzed. In the blood, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-ethylhexanol were found at significantly higher concentrations in HDA versus sham rats. In the striatal homogenate 1-octen-3-ol and other four compounds were found at significantly lower concentrations in HDA versus sham rats. 1-Octen-3-ol is a cytotoxic compound. These results may lead to the development of an early diagnostic test for PD based on profiling of VOCs in body fluids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khatib
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Medical Faculty, Technion, Israel.
authors.forename: J P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Artoul
authors.affiliation: Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lavner
authors.affiliation: Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tisch
authors.affiliation: Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haick
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Medical Faculty, Technion, Israel; Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aluf
authors.affiliation: Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel. Electronic address: vayaj46@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008297:Male; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D016627:Oxidopamine
keywords: Biomarkers; Early detection; GC–MS; Parkinson disease; SPME; VOCs