title: Searching ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to inform systematic reviews: what are the optimal search approaches?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 2005, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) member journals have required that clinical trials be registered in publicly available trials registers before they are considered for publication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The research explores whether it is adequate, when searching to inform systematic reviews, to search for relevant clinical trials using only public trials registers and to identify the optimal search approaches in trials registers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was conducted in ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) for research studies that had been included in eight systematic reviews. Four search approaches (highly sensitive, sensitive, precise, and highly precise) were performed using the basic and advanced interfaces in both resources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, 84% of studies were not listed in either resource. The largest number of included studies was retrieved in ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP when a sensitive search approach was used in the basic interface. The use of the advanced interface maintained or improved sensitivity in 16 of 19 strategies for Clinicaltrials.gov and 8 of 18 for ICTRP. No single search approach was sensitive enough to identify all studies included in the 6 reviews.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trials registers cannot yet be relied upon as the sole means to locate trials for systematic reviews. Trials registers lag behind the major bibliographic databases in terms of their search interfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For systematic reviews, trials registers and major bibliographic databases should be searched. Trials registers should be searched using sensitive approaches, and both the registers consulted in this study should be searched.
authors.affiliation: julie.glanville@york.ac.uk , Associate Director; steven.duffy@york.ac.uk , Senior Information Consultant; rachael.mccool@york.ac.uk , Research Consultant; danielle.varley@york.ac.uk , Research Assistant; York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, YO10 5NH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Glanville
authors.affiliation: julie.glanville@york.ac.uk , Associate Director; steven.duffy@york.ac.uk , Senior Information Consultant; rachael.mccool@york.ac.uk , Research Consultant; danielle.varley@york.ac.uk , Research Assistant; York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, YO10 5NH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: julie.glanville@york.ac.uk , Associate Director; steven.duffy@york.ac.uk , Senior Information Consultant; rachael.mccool@york.ac.uk , Research Consultant; danielle.varley@york.ac.uk , Research Assistant; York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, YO10 5NH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCool
authors.affiliation: julie.glanville@york.ac.uk , Associate Director; steven.duffy@york.ac.uk , Senior Information Consultant; rachael.mccool@york.ac.uk , Research Consultant; danielle.varley@york.ac.uk , Research Assistant; York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, YO10 5NH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Varley
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012042:Registries; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D013358:Subject Headings