title: Office-based anesthesia: safety and outcomes.
abstract: The increasing volume of office-based medical and surgical procedures has fostered the emergence of office-based anesthesia (OBA), a subspecialty within ambulatory anesthesia. The growth of OBA has been facilitated by numerous trends, including innovations in medical and surgical procedures and anesthetic drugs, as well as improved provider reimbursement and greater convenience for patients. There is a lack of randomized controlled trials to determine how office-based procedures and anesthesia affect patient morbidity and mortality. As a result, studies on this topic are retrospective in nature. Some of the early literature broaches concerns about the safety of office-based procedures and anesthesia. However, more recent data have shown that care in ambulatory settings is comparable to hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers, especially when offices are accredited and their proceduralists are board-certified. Office-based suites can continue to enhance the quality of care that they deliver to patients by engaging in proper procedure and patient selection, provider credentialing, facility accreditation, and incorporating patient safety checklists and professional society guidelines into practice. These strategies aiming at patient morbidity and mortality in the office setting will be increasingly important as more states, and possibly the federal government, exercise regulatory authority over the ambulatory setting. We explore these trends, their implications for patient safety, strategies for minimizing patient complications and mortality in OBA, and future developments that could impact the field.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts; First Colonies Anesthesia Associates, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Fred E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Punwani
authors.forename: Noah M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valedon
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Twersky
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Urman
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D002568:Certification; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D018579:Patient Selection; D058996:Quality Improvement; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome