title: Comparing supportive properties of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), PLGA/collagen and human amniotic membrane for human urothelial and smooth muscle cells engineering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare human urothelial and smooth muscle cells attachment and proliferation using three different matrices; poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), PLGA/collagen and human amniotic membrane (hAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human urothelial and smooth muscle cells were cultured and examined for expression of urothelium (pancytokeratin and uroplakin III) and smooth muscle cells [desmin and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] markers. Cells were cultured on three scaffolds; PLGA, PLGA/collagen and hAM. Thereafter, they were analyzed for cell growth on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after seeding by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Scaffolds were fixed and processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry against their cell specific markers after 7 and 14 days of culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTT assay results revealed that collagen has improved cell attachment features of PLGA and led to significant increase of MTT signal in PLGA/collagen compared to PLGA (P < .001) and hAM (P < .001). hAM was a weaker matrix for both cell types as demonstrated in MTT assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. SEM micrographs showed normal phenotype and distribution on PLGA and PLGA/collagen. In the same line, cells formed a well-developed layer either on PLGA or PLGA/collagen, which maintained expression of their corresponding markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated significant improvement of cell attachment and growth achieved by collagen coating (PLGA/collagen) compared to PLGA and hAM. hAM despite of its natural entity was a weaker matrix for bladder engineering purposes.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharifiaghdas
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naji
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarhangnejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajabi-Zeleti
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Polymer and Petrochemistry, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzadeh
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zandi
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D019459:Urothelium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003094:Collagen