title: Longitudinal association between television watching and computer use and risk markers in diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study provides evidence of the longitudinal association between screen time with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and cardiovascular risk markers among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the longitudinal relationship of screen time with HbA1c and serum lipids among youth with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth with T1D and T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed up 1049 youth (≥10 yr old) with recently diagnosed T1D and T2D participating in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased television watching on weekdays and during the week over time was associated with larger increases in HbA1c among youth with T1D and T2D (p-value <0.05). Among youth with T1D, significant longitudinal associations were observed between television watching and TG (p-value <0.05) (week days and whole week), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c, p-value <0.05) (whole week). For example, for youth who watched 1 h of television per weekday at the outset and 3 h per weekday 5 yr later, the longitudinal model predicted greater absolute increases in HbA1c (2.19% for T1D and 2.16% for T2D); whereas for youth who watched television 3 h per weekday at the outset and 1 h per weekday 5 yr later, the model predicted lesser absolute increases in HbA1c (2.08% for T1D and 1.06% for T2D).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Youth with T2D who increased their television watching over time vs. those who decreased it had larger increases in HbA1c over 5 yr. Youth with T1D who increased their television watching over time had increases in LDL-c, TG, and to a lesser extent HbA1c.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beech
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crume
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jill L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.affiliation: Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taplin
authors.affiliation: John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.|Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Anwar T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Merchant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003201:Computers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: diabetes; hemoglobin A1c; screen time; serum lipids; youth