title: Amyloid burden, cerebrovascular disease, brain atrophy, and cognition in cognitively impaired patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the independent effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) pathologies on brain structural changes and cognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amyloid burden (Pittsburgh compound B [PiB] retention ratio), CVD markers (volume of white matter hyperintensities [WMH] and number of lacunae), and structural changes (cortical thickness and hippocampal shape) were measured in 251 cognitively impaired patients. Path analyses were utilized to assess the effects of these markers on cognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PiB retention ratio was associated with hippocampal atrophy, which was associated with memory impairment. WMH were associated with frontal thinning, which was associated with executive and memory dysfunctions. PiB retention ratio and lacunae were also associated with memory and executive dysfunction without the mediation of hippocampal or frontal atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the impacts of AD and CVD pathologies on cognition are mediated by specific brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: sangwonseo@empal.com.
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Geon Ha
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Cindy W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yearn Seong
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Duk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000682:Amyloid; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles
keywords: Amyloid; Atrophy; Cerebrovascular disease; Cognition; Cortical thickness; Hippocampus; Path analysis; Pittsburgh compound B