title: Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria and viruses using two monosubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines.
abstract: A zinc(II) phthalocyanine substituted with a triamino moiety and its tri-N-methylated analogue have been prepared and characterized with various spectroscopic methods. Both compounds remain non-aggregated in N,N-dimethylformamide and in water containing 0.05% Cremophor EL (v/v), and can generate singlet oxygen effectively. The photodynamic activities of these compounds have been examined against a range of bacterial strains, including the Gram-positive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-43, and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Both photosensitizers are highly cytotoxic, particularly for the two Gram-positive strains, for which as low as 5 nM of dye is required to induce a 4-log reduction of their viability. The tri-N-methylated derivative has also been shown to be able to effectively inhibit the growth of a series of clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 67928 and ATCC 68507, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984. In addition, the photodynamic inactivation of a range of viruses using these two compounds has also been investigated. Both compounds are highly photocytotoxic against the enveloped viruses influenza A virus (H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), but exhibit no significant cytotoxicity toward the non-enveloped viruses adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) and coxsackievirus (Cox B1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Jennifer Mary
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eastel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Karry L K
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ngai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yuk-Yam
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Paul K S
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: mamiehui@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Mamie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: dkpn@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Dennis K P
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: pclo@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Pui-Chi
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054833:Isoindoles; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D017967:Zinc Compounds
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C052159:Zn(II)-phthalocyanine
keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Bacteria; Photosensitizer; Phthalocyanine; Singlet oxygen