title: The content of attenuated psychotic symptoms in those at clinical high risk for psychosis.
abstract: Recent research has started to focus on identifying individuals who are at clinical high risk of developing psychosis as a means to try and understand the predictors and mechanisms involved in the progress to a full psychotic episode. The aim of the current study was to provide an initial description and prevalence rates of specific content found within attenuated positive symptoms. The Content of Attenuated Positive Symptoms (CAPS) codebook was used by independent raters to determine the presence of content within a sample of written vignettes. Krippendorff's alpha was used to determine inter-rater reliability. Overall, the majority of items fell in or above an acceptable range of reliability. There was heterogeneity present in the types of content endorsed. However, the most commonly endorsed items included being perplexed by reality, increased hypervigilence, being gifted, hearing indistinct and distinct sounds, seeing figures or shadows, something touching the individual, and unpleasant smells. The use of the CAPS codebook is a reliable way to code the content of attenuated positive symptoms. Identifying and monitoring the presence of certain content may provide insight into the presence of other comorbid issues and the potential for future conversion.
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cadenhead
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Tyrone D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cornblatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Diana O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ming T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: jmadding@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Addington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057181:Pleasure; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Clinical high risk; Content analysis; Positive symptoms; Psychotic disorders