title: Effect of supplementation with ferrous sulfate or iron bis-glycinate chelate on ferritin concentration in Mexican schoolchildren: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide. It is more prevalent when iron requirements are increased during pregnancy and during growth spurts of infancy and adolescence. The last stage in the process of iron depletion is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, resulting in iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency, even before it is clinically identified as anemia, compromises the immune response, physical capacity for work, and intellectual functions such as attention level. Therefore, interventions addressing iron deficiency should be based on prevention rather than on treatment of anemia. The aim of this study was to compare short- and medium-term effects on ferritin concentration of daily supplementation with ferrous sulfate or iron bis-glycinate chelate in schoolchildren with iron deficiency but without anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred schoolchildren from public boarding schools in Mexico City who had low iron stores as assessed by serum ferritin concentration but without anemia were randomly assigned to a daily supplement of 30 mg/day of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or iron bis-glycinate chelate for 12 weeks. Iron status was evaluated at baseline, one week post-supplementation (short term), and 6 months (medium term) after supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ferritin concentration increased significantly between baseline and post-supplementation as well as between baseline and 6 months after supplementation. One week post-supplementation no difference was found in ferritin concentration between iron compounds, but 6 months after supplementation ferritin concentration was higher in the group that received bis-glycinate chelate iron. However, there is no difference in the odds for low iron storage between 6 months after supplementation versus the odds after supplementation; nor were these odds different by type of supplement. Hemoglobin concentration did not change significantly in either group after supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementing with 30 mg/d of elementary iron, either as ferrous sulfate or iron bis-glycinate chelate for 90 days, showed positive effects on increasing ferritin concentration in schoolchildren with low iron stores, and this effect persisted 6 months after supplementation.
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.affiliation: RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90407, USA. homero@rand.org.
authors.forename: Homero
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilchis-Gil
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flores-Hernández
authors.forename: Segundo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roque-Evangelista
authors.forename: Anayeli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Robertino M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mera
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D005293:Ferritins