title: Surgical management of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms: A 10-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular complications of cardiac catheterization have increased in line with increasing number of percutaneous interventions. Open repair is the standard method of treatment for true and false aneurysms of femoral artery. We report results of patients operated due to femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 12,261 patients who underwent percutaneous intervention for cardiac catheterization between January 2003 and January 2013 were evaluated. Diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm was established mainly by doppler ultrasonography in patients with complaints of pain and hematoma at the intervention site. Pseudoaneurysms less than 2 cm in diameter were treated non-operatively and were followed up by regular ultrasonographic examination at the outpatient clinic. Pseudoaneurysms with a diameter of 2 cm or more underwent primary repair. All patients were followed up for one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected 55 (0.44%) patients with femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and 42 of them were operated. The mean age was 60.7 ± 6.3 years. Thirty nine (94.5%) patients underwent elective surgery, three (5.5%) patients were operated on under emergency conditions. Operation was performed under local anesthesia in 32 patients, under local anesthesia and sedation in eight patients, and under general anesthesia in three patients. Location of the pseudoaneurysm was the superficial femoral artery in 29 (69%), the common femoral artery in nine (21.4%), and the deep femoral artery in four (9.6%) patients. No limb loss occurred, no patient died and no recurrence was detected during the follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing vascular reconstruction before the rupture of pseudoaneurysm is important in terms of morbidity and mortality. We concluded that surgical repair in pseudoaneurysms larger than 20 mm is safe and essential.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huseyin
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sivri
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurkan
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canbaz
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ege
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunar
keywords: Cardiac catheterization; femoral artery; iatrogenic; pseudoaneurysm