title: Burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress in trauma nurses.
abstract: The relationship of burnout (BO), compassion fatigue (CF), compassion satisfaction (CS), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) to personal/environmental characteristics, coping mechanisms, and exposure to traumatic events was explored in 128 trauma nurses. Of this sample, 35.9% had scores consistent with BO, 27.3% reported CF, 7% reported STS, and 78.9% had high CS scores. High BO and high CF scores predicted STS. Common characteristics correlating with BO, CF, and STS were negative coworker relationships, use of medicinals, and higher number of hours worked per shift. High CS correlated with greater strength of supports, higher participation in exercise, use of meditation, and positive coworker relationships. Caring for trauma patients may lead to BO, CF, and STS; identifying predictors of these can inform the development of interventions to mitigate or minimize BO, CF, and STS in trauma nurses.
authors.affiliation: Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland (Dr Hinderer); Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland (Ms VonRueden and Dr Friedmann); and R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland (Ms VonRueden, Ms McQuillan, Ms Gilmore, Ms Kramer, and Ms Murray).
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hinderer
authors.forename: Kathryn T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: VonRueden
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McQuillan
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000068376:Compassion Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016529:Emergency Nursing; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D055815:Young Adult