title: In vitro enhancement of dendritic cell-mediated anti-glioma immune response by graphene oxide.
abstract: Malignant glioma has extremely poor prognosis despite combination treatments with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy may potentially serve as an adjuvant treatment of glioma, but its efficacy generally needs further improvement. Here we explored whether graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets could modulate the DC-mediated anti-glioma immune response in vitro, using the T98G human glioma cell line as the study model. Pulsing DCs with a glioma peptide antigen (Ag) generated a limited anti-glioma response compared to un-pulsed DCs. Pulsing DCs with GO alone failed to produce obvious immune modulation effects. However, stimulating DCs with a mixture of GO and Ag (GO-Ag) significantly enhanced the anti-glioma immune reaction (p < 0.05). The secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by the lymphocytes was also markedly boosted by GO-Ag. Additionally, the anti-glioma immune response induced by GO-Ag appeared to be target-specific. Furthermore, at the concentration used in this study, GO exhibited a negligible effect on the viability of the DCs. These results suggested that GO might have potential utility for boosting a DC-mediated anti-glioma immune response.
authors.affiliation: Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing 100044, China ; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zhongjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Jinhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Da
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: DC; Dendritic cell; GO; Glioma; Graphene oxide; Immunotherapy