title: Role of aberrant protein modification, assembly, and localization in cloned embryo phenotypes.
abstract: Aberrant post-translational modifications of proteins contribute markedly to the abnormal characteristics of cloned embryos. This review summarizes aberrant aspects of protein modifications and protein interactions, taking an inside-outside view to the cell. These aberrant aspects affect a range of processes including the control of chromatin structure, expression of pluripotency genes, propagation of epigenetic inheritance, protein trafficking, localization and signaling, cytoskeletal structure, mitosis, and correct localization of membrane proteins. By observing these aberrant features of cloned embryos, how they arise, and their impacts on development, it is possible to gain insight into normal development and identify novel strategies for enhancing cloning outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and The Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, Room 1230E, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA, lathamk1@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Latham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D006657:Histones