title: Methyl parathion inhibits the nuclear maturation, decreases the cytoplasmic quality in oocytes and alters the developmental potential of embryos of Swiss albino mice.
abstract: Methyl parathion (MP) is one of the most commonly used and extremely toxic organophosphorous group of pesticide. A large number of studies in the literature suggest that it has adverse effects on the male reproductive system. However, there is limited information about its toxicity to the female reproductive system. In the present study we report the toxic effects of methyl parathion on the female reproductive system using Swiss albino mice as the experimental model. The female mice were administered orally with 5, 10 and 20mg/kg of MP. One week later, the mice were superovulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to study the quality of the oocytes, spindle organization, developmental potential of early embryos and the DNA integrity in blastocysts. MP exposure resulted in a non-significant decrease in the number of primordial follicles and increased DNA damage in granulosa cells. Though MP did not have any effect on the ovulation it had a significant inhibitory effect on the nuclear maturity of oocytes which was associated with spindle deformity. In addition, the oocytes had higher cytoplasmic abnormalities with depleted glutathione level. Even though it did not have any effect on the fertilization and blastocyst rate at lower doses, at 20 mg/kg MP it resulted in a significant decrease in blastocyst hatching, decrease in cell number and high DNA damage. While low body weight gain was observed in F1 generation from 5mg/kg group, at higher dose, the body weight in F1 generation was marginally higher than control. Post-natal death in F1 generation was observed only in mice treated with 20mg/kg MP. In conclusion, we report that MP has adverse effects on the oocyte quality, developmental potential of the embryo and reproductive outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Vikram Jeet
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Sujith Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Salian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Sneha Guruprasad
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kalthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Antony Sylvan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutalik
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India. Electronic address: guru.kalthur@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Guruprasad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalthur
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Satish Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adiga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: DNA damage; Embryo; Methyl parathion; Mitochondrial distribution; Oocyte; Spindle damage