title: Relationship of vitamin D binding protein polymorphisms and lung function in Korean chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple genetic factors are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The association of gene encoding vitamin D binding protein (VDBP, GC) with COPD has been controversial. We sought to investigate the types of GC variants in the Korean population and determine the association of GC variants with COPD and lung function in the Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of 203 COPD patients and 157 control subjects. GC variants were genotyped by the restriction fragment-length polymorphism method. Repeated measures of lung function data were analyzed using a linear mixed model including sex, age, height, and pack-years of smoking to investigate the association of GC genetic factors and lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC1F variant was most frequently observed in COPD (46.1%) and controls (42.0%). GC1S variant (29.0% vs. 21.4%; p=0.020) and genotype 1S-1S (8.3% vs. 3.4%; p=0.047) were more commonly detected in control than COPD. According to linear mixed model analysis including controls and COPD, subjects with genotype 1S-1S had 0.427 L higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) than those with other genotypes (p=0.029). However, interaction between the genotype and smoking pack-year was found to be particularly significant among subjects with genotype 1S-1S; FEV₁ decreased by 0.014 L per smoking pack-year (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that GC polymorphism might be associated with lung function and risk of COPD in Korean population. GC1S variant and genotype 1S-1S were more frequently observed in control than in COPD. Moreover, GC1S variant was more common in non-decliners than in rapid decliners among COPD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Pil
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: The Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, KCDC, Osong, Korea.
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Mok
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. isuh@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Il
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. sdlee@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Do
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012907:Smoking; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein
keywords: Vitamin D binding protein; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; lung function; polymorphism