title: Higher peroxidase activity, leaf nutrient contents and carbon isotope composition changes in Arabidopsis thaliana are related to rutin stress.
abstract: Rutin, a plant secondary metabolite that is used in cosmetics and food additive and has known medicinal properties, protects plants from UV-B radiation and diseases. Rutin has been suggested to have potential in weed management, but its mode of action at physiological level is unknown. Here, we report the biochemical, physiological and oxidative response of Arabidopsis thaliana to rutin at micromolar concentrations. It was found that fresh weight; leaf mineral contents (nitrogen, sodium, potassium, copper and aluminum) were decreased following 1 week exposure to rutin. Arabidopsis roots generate significant amounts of reactive oxygen species after rutin treatment, consequently increasing membrane lipid peroxidation, decreasing leaf Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+) contents and losing root viability. Carbon isotope composition in A. thaliana leaves was less negative after rutin application than the control. Carbon isotope discrimination values were decreased following rutin treatment, with the highest reduction compared to the control at 750μM rutin. Rutin also inhibited the ratio of CO2 from leaf to air (ci/ca) at all concentrations. Total protein contents in A. thaliana leaves were decreased following rutin treatment. It was concluded carbon isotope discrimination coincided with protein degradation, increase lipid peroxidation and a decrease in ci/ca values may be the primary action site of rutin. The present results suggest that rutin possesses allelopathic potential and could be used as a candidate to develop environment friendly natural herbicide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310- Vigo, Spain; International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, UAE. Electronic address: mih76@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: M Iftikhar
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310- Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reigosa
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D018533:Biomass; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D019069:Cell Respiration; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012431:Rutin; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron; D010544:Peroxidases; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D009584:Nitrogen; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Mode of action; Physiological responses; Rutin, secondary metabolite