title: Automatic scan triggering software "confused": Computed tomography angiography in foot arteriovenous malformation!
abstract: Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) has become a well-established modality for limb angiography for a variety of indications. The technique of MDCTA depends on the scanner features including the number of detector rows, rotation speeds and single or dual source energy. Integral to a diagnostic quality CTA is the acquisition timing. Various techniques are available for determining the appropriate timing of scan acquisition which includes fixed delay, test bolus and the bolus tracking technique. The transit times of contrast from the aorta to the peripheral arteries shows a wide variability and is dependent upon the inter individual hemodynamic states. The bolus tracking technique is the most preferred one which allows reliable scan timing with acceptable contrast volume and radiation dose. Pitfalls with all these techniques are well described and we report one such technical pitfall in a case of left foot arteriovenous malformation (AVM) where the bolus tracking technique employed for scan triggering failed to initiate acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anindita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
keywords: Arterio-venous malformation; bolus tracking; computed tomography angiography; contrast injection