title: Kimchi protects against azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in mice.
abstract: The chemopreventive effects of different types and quantities of kimchi prepared with different subingredients, including commercial kimchi (CK), standardized kimchi (SK), cancer-preventive kimchi (CPK), and anticancer kimchi (ACK), on colorectal carcinogenesis in mice were evaluated. The development of colon cancer was induced in male BALB/c mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg body weight) and subsequent treatment with 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days for two cycles. After exposure to AOM and DSS, treatment with the methanolic extracts from different kimchis, particularly 1.89 g/kg of ACK, significantly increased colon length, decreased the ratio of colon weight/length, and resulted in the lowest number of tumors compared with the other kimchi-treated groups. Histological observation revealed that ACK was able to suppress AOM- and DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage and neoplasia. ACK also significantly decreased the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) as well as the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of p53 and p21 was elevated in colon tissues from the ACK-treated mice compared with the other kimchi-treated groups. Our results suggest that kimchi exerted a suppressive effect on AOM- and DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in the BALB/c mice. The anticancer effects of ACK were particularly potent. Thus, it is possible that the health-promoting subingredients added to ACK might be used to prevent colon carcinogenesis in humans.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University , Busan, South Korea .
authors.forename: Hee-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jia-Le
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hee-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Soon-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001397:Azoxymethane; D001937:Brassica / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D001397:Azoxymethane
keywords: COX-2; colorectal carcinogenesis; iNOS; kimchi; p21; p53; proinflammatory cytokines