title: Protein damage and reactive oxygen species generation induced by the synergistic effects of ultrasound and methylene blue.
abstract: The sonodynamic damage to protein in the presence of methylene blue (MB) and the various influencing factors including ultrasonic irradiation time and MB concentration on the damage of protein were studied by fluorescence and absorption spectra. In addition, the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of ultrasound and MB were studied by oxidation-extraction photometry with several reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. The results indicated that the damage of protein induced by the synergistic effects of ultrasound and MB were more serious than those that ultrasound or MB alone was applied. The damage of protein could be mainly due to the generation of ROS. The damage degree of protein increased with the increase of ultrasonic irradiation time and MB concentration because of the increased quantities of ROS generation. Both (1)O₂ and ·OH were the important mediators of the ultrasound-inducing protein damage in the presence of MB.
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China. Electronic address: wangxinlnu@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013010:Sonication / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Methylene blue; Protein damage; Reactive oxygen species; Sonodynamic treatment; Synergistic effects; Ultrasound