title: Use of hydrogel breast biopsy tissue markers reduces the need for wire localization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether breast biopsy tissue markers composed of an ultrasound-visible hydrogel reduced the need for preoperative wire localization (WL) in patients undergoing a partial mastectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-surgeon, single-institution, retrospective chart review was performed on 691 consecutive female patients, with mean age 67 years (range 36-98 years), from 2009 to 2012 undergoing partial mastectomies after percutaneous biopsies by stereotactic or ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the use of WL was more frequent in patients who had standard (other) markers placed during biopsy as opposed to those with hydrogel markers (HydroMARK). For stereotactic biopsy, 75.8 % of patients with a standard marker required WL versus 17.1 % with HydroMARK and for ultrasound biopsy, 22.6 % standard versus 4.3 % HydroMARK (p < .0001, p < .0001). In some cases where hydrogel markers were used, WL was used for "bracketing" because of the presence of microcalcifications. In cases where standard markers were used, WL was not used because of either IOUS visibility of residual lesion or marker visibility. Specimen volume and re-excision rate were comparable between patients with hydrogel and standard markers, showing no significant differences (p = .1673, p = .1813 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrogel biopsy tissue markers optimize the surgeon's ability to perform a partial mastectomy without the use of WL. HydroMARK was as effective as a standard marker in terms of partial mastectomy specimen volume and re-excision rate. This yields potential for cost savings, increased efficacy in operating room and radiology scheduling, and patient comfort and convenience.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Care Center of Tampa Bay, Morton Plant Hospital, Clearwater, FL, USA, Peter.Blumencranz@baycare.org.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Blumencranz
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Kylee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barlowe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels