title: Antioxidative effects and percutaneous absorption of five polyphenols.
abstract: A new strategy was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effectiveness of five topically applied polyphenols following skin penetration profiles. The antioxidants were the following polyphenol derivatives: epicatechin, resveratrol, rutin, quercetin, and trolox, which was used as the reference antioxidant. The hydrophilic/lipophilic character of these compounds was evaluated, and their antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. The percutaneous absorption of these polyphenols was obtained by an in vitro methodology using porcine skin biopsies. This methodology involves the quantification of the antioxidants present in each specific skin layer to evaluate antioxidant effectiveness. The antioxidant activity in each skin layer was also determined by the DPPH method. The results indicated that lipophilic antioxidants (epicatechin, resveratrol, quercetin, and trolox) penetrated deeper into the skin layers, whereas a more hydrophilic compound, rutin, remained on the skin surface. The antioxidant evaluation of each skin compartment suggested that resveratrol and rutin were the most effective topically applied compounds in view of their antioxidant activity and their skin penetration profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: cristina.alonso@iqac.csic.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touriño
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coderch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Parra
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002839:Chromans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002839:Chromans; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D059808:Polyphenols; D013267:Stilbenes; D012431:Rutin; D002392:Catechin; D011794:Quercetin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000077185:Resveratrol; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Franz cells; Free radicals; In vitro; Percutaneous absorption; Polyphenols