title: Getting ready for building: signaling and autophagosome biogenesis.
abstract: Autophagy is the main cellular catabolic process responsible for degrading organelles and large protein aggregates. It is initiated by the formation of a unique membrane structure, the phagophore, which engulfs part of the cytoplasm and forms a double-membrane vesicle termed the autophagosome. Fusion of the outer autophagosomal membrane with the lysosome and degradation of the inner membrane contents complete the process. The extent of autophagy must be tightly regulated to avoid destruction of proteins and organelles essential for cell survival. Autophagic activity is thus regulated by external and internal cues, which initiate the formation of well-defined autophagy-related protein complexes that mediate autophagosome formation and selective cargo recruitment into these organelles. Autophagosome formation and the signaling pathways that regulate it have recently attracted substantial attention. In this review, we analyze the different signaling pathways that regulate autophagy and discuss recent progress in our understanding of autophagosome biogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abada
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel zvulun.elazar@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Zvulun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Elazar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
keywords: Atgs; autophagosome biogenesis; autophagy; mTOR; signaling