title: Construction of vapor chambers used to expose mice to alcohol during the equivalent of all three trimesters of human development.
abstract: Exposure to alcohol during development can result in a constellation of morphological and behavioral abnormalities that are collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). At the most severe end of the spectrum is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Studies with animal models, including rodents, have elucidated many molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of FASDs. Ethanol administration to pregnant rodents has been used to model human exposure during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Third trimester ethanol consumption in humans has been modeled using neonatal rodents. However, few rodent studies have characterized the effect of ethanol exposure during the equivalent to all three trimesters of human pregnancy, a pattern of exposure that is common in pregnant women. Here, we show how to build vapor chambers from readily obtainable materials that can each accommodate up to six standard mouse cages. We describe a vapor chamber paradigm that can be used to model exposure to ethanol, with minimal handling, during all three trimesters. Our studies demonstrate that pregnant dams developed significant metabolic tolerance to ethanol. However, neonatal mice did not develop metabolic tolerance and the number of fetuses, fetus weight, placenta weight, number of pups/litter, number of dead pups/litter, and pup weight were not significantly affected by ethanol exposure. An important advantage of this paradigm is its applicability to studies with genetically-modified mice. Additionally, this paradigm minimizes handling of animals, a major confound in fetal alcohol research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; ramorton@salud.unm.edu.
authors.forename: Russell A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: Marvin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Topper
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: C Fernando
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol