title: Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability testing of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator for optimizing care of Polish patients with frailty syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frail older people are at high risk of developing adverse outcomes, such as disability, mortality, hospitalization, and institutionalization. Previous research suggests that the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring frailty. The aim of this study was to adapt and to test the reliability of the Polish version of the TFI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard guideline was used for translation and cultural adaptation of the English version of the TFI into Polish. The study included 100 Polish patients (mean age 68.2±6.5 years), among them 42 men and 58 women. Cronbach's alpha was used for analysis of the internal consistency of the TFI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total TFI score was 6.7±3.1. Forty patients scored ≥5, which corresponded to being frail. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of the instrument ranged from 0.68 to 0.72 and item-total correlation ranged from 0.12 to 0.52.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TFI is valid and reproducible for assessment of frailty syndrome among a Polish population. The Polish adaptation of the TFI proved a useful and fast tool for assessing frailty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchmanowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jankowska-Polańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, T Marciniak Memorial Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łoboz-Rudnicka
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Practice, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manulik
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland ; Department of Cardiology, T Marciniak Memorial Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Łoboz-Grudzień
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robbert J J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gobbens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000592:standards; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating
keywords: aging; internal consistency; older individuals; validity