title: Association between nocturnal/supine hypertension and restless legs syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autonomic disturbances and sleep problems are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension (SH), and nocturnal hypertension (NH) are inter-related in patients with PD. These abnormalities might be associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS), which occurs predominantly at rest or during sleep. Few reports have suggested an association between circadian blood pressure disturbances and RLS in the general population. We evaluated the relationship between neurocardiovascular blood pressure alterations and RLS in patients with early PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 225 patients, newly diagnosed with PD, were included in the study. RLS was diagnosed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's diagnostic criteria. Orthostatic vital signs and ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were monitored and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six (16.0%) participating patients had RLS. SH and NH were more frequent in the PD+RLS group than in the group without RLS. Supine blood pressure, orthostatic decline in blood pressure, nighttime blood pressure, and the standard deviation of systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the PD+RLS group than in the group without RLS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RLS is related to nocturnal/supine hypertension and blood pressure fluctuations, suggesting a neuropathological association between autonomic and sleep dysfunctions in patients with PD. RLS may be a determinant of neurocirculatory abnormalities. Detecting and effectively treating RLS might slow the rate of pressure-related neurocardiovascular damage in dysautonomic patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: neuronet@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Joong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Uk
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D018667:Tilt-Table Test
keywords: Blood pressure fluctuation; Nocturnal hypertension; Orthostatic hypotension; Parkinson's disease; Restless legs syndrome; Supine hypertension