title: Interplay between estrogen and retinoid signaling in breast cancer--current and future perspectives.
abstract: All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a promising agent for breast cancer treatment, but it induces several adverse effects and the few clinical trials performed up to now in breast cancer patients have provided disappointing results. The combination of RA and antiestrogenic compounds, such as tamoxifen, synergistically decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells and an interplay between retinoid and estrogen signaling has begun to be unraveled, turning these combinations into an appealing strategy for breast cancer treatment. This review focus on the current knowledge regarding the interplay between retinoid and estrogen signaling in breast cancer and the combinations of RA with antiestrogens, aiming their future utilization in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: marianaponte@msn.com.
authors.forename: Mariana P C
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Armanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: José B A
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Custódio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004357:Drug Synergism; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012176:Retinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; D014212:Tretinoin
keywords: Breast cancer; Estrogen; Proliferation; Retinoids