title: Trauma capacity in the central plateau department of Haiti.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical burden is a large and neglected global health problem in low- and middle-income countries. With the increasing trauma burden, the goal of this study was to evaluate the trauma capacity of hospitals in the central plateau of Haiti.
  
  
  METHODS
  The World Health Organization Emergency and Essential Surgical Care survey was adapted with a focus on trauma capacity. Interviewers along with translators administered the survey to key hospital staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hospitals in the region were surveyed. Of the hospitals surveyed, 3/7 had functioning surgical facilities. None of the hospitals had trauma registries. 71% of the hospitals had no formal trauma guidelines. 2/7 hospitals had a general surgeon available 100% of the time. All surgical facilities had oxygen cylinders available 100% of the time, but three of the primary level hospitals only had it available 51%-90% of the time. Intubation equipment was available at 57% of the facilities. Ventilators were only available in the operating room. Only the largest hospital had a computed tomography scanner. Other hospitals (66%) had a functioning x-ray machine 76%-90% of the time. Hospitals (57%) had an ultrasound machine. The most common reasons for referral were lack of appropriate facilities and supplies at the primary level care centers or lack of trained personnel at higher-level facilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trauma capacity in the central plateau of Haiti is limited. There is a great need for more personnel, trauma training at all staff levels, emergency care guidelines, trauma registries, and imaging equipment and training, specifically in ultrasonography. To accomplish this, coordination is needed between the Haitian government and local and international nongovernmental organizations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: Lindel.krige@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lindel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dewberry
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hugar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dente
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Jyotirmay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004865:Equipment and Supplies, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D063728:Secondary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Global health; Haiti; Low- to middle-income countries; Trauma capacity