title: Justification for the use of aseptic filling for sterile injectable products.
abstract: This review article will provide general guidance to product development scientists for the justification for the use of aseptic filling for sterile injectable products in the place of terminal sterilization using moist heat. The discussion is centered on the position of U.S. and European regulatory agencies on aseptic processing versus terminal sterilization, and regulatory actions-that is, 483 observations, warning letters, and product recalls-associated with a lack of sterility assurance of aseptically filled injectable products. Also discussed are the sterility assurance levels achieved using terminal sterilization and aseptic processing, sterilization processes used for terminal sterilization, compatibility of different product, product packaging and delivery systems with terminal sterilization, physicochemical stability of product during a terminal sterilization process, and storage during the product shelf life. The author believes that a better understanding of the options surrounding terminal sterilization will result in fewer products being aseptically filled.
authors.affiliation: Consulting Microbiologist, Scarsdale, New York, USA tonycundell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cundell
mesh_terms: D004349:Drug Packaging; D007267:Injections; D019064:Product Packaging; D011786:Quality Control; D013242:Sterilization / Q000592:standards*