title: Long noncoding RNAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a novel class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Although recent data suggest that lncRNAs may be associated with cardiac disease, little is known about lncRNAs in the setting of myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure lncRNAs in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 414 patients with acute MI treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood samples were harvested at the time of reperfusion. Expression levels of 5 lncRNAs were measured in peripheral blood cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction: hypoxia inducible factor 1A antisense RNA 2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (ANRIL), potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1), myocardial infarction-associated transcript, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1. Levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1A antisense RNA 2, KCNQ1OT1, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 were higher in patients with MI than in healthy volunteers (P<0.01), and levels of ANRIL were lower in patients with MI (P=0.003). Patients with ST-segment-elevation MI had lower levels of ANRIL (P<0.001), KCNQ1OT1 (P<0.001), myocardial infarction-associated transcript (P<0.001), and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (P=0.005) when compared with patients with non-ST-segment-elevation MI. Levels of ANRIL were associated with age, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Patients presenting within 3 hours of chest pain onset had elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1A antisense RNA 2 when compared with patients presenting later on. ANRIL, KCNQ1OT1, myocardial infarction-associated transcript, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 were significant univariable predictors of left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by an ejection fraction ≤40% at 4-month follow-up. In multivariable and reclassification analyses, ANRIL and KCNQ1OT1 improved the prediction of left ventricular dysfunction by a model, including demographic features, clinical parameters, and cardiac biomarkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of lncRNAs in blood cells are regulated after MI and may help in prediction of outcome. This motivates further investigation of the role of lncRNAs after MI.
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (M.V., Y.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (D.R.W.).
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vausort
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (M.V., Y.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (D.R.W.).
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (M.V., Y.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (D.R.W.). yvan.devaux@crp-sante.lu.
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Devaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism*; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C561518:CDKN2B antisense RNA, human; C449939:KCNQ1OT1 RNA; C557041:MALAT1 long non-coding RNA, human; C517383:Miat long non-coding RNA
keywords: RNA, long noncoding; myocardial infarction; prognosis