title: Tobacco smoking status and perception of health among a sample of Jordanian students.
abstract: Limited data are available from Jordan examining patterns of tobacco use among adolescents, or how use is related to health perceptions. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and to assess the relationship between use and health-related perceptions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 11-18 year old school students from a major governorate in Jordan. Using a multistage random sampling 1050 students were selected. Students were categorized as non-smokers, cigarette-only smokers, waterpipe-only smokers, or dual smokers. Rates of waterpipe-only and cigarette-only smoking were 7% and 3%, respectively, and were similar for boys and girls. In contrast, the rate of dual use was much higher than for single product use and was double in girls compared to boys (34% vs. 17%). Dual-smokers were significantly more likely to think that it is safe to smoke as long as the person intends to quit within two years compared to non-smokers, and had lower self-rated health status than other groups. This is the first study among Arab adolescents to document high rates of dual tobacco use, especially pronounced among girls. The study findings have significant implications for designing tobacco smoking prevention programs for school health settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. sukaina-alzyoud@hu.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Sukaina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alzyoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. kkheiral@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kheirallah
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. weglickils@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Weglicki
authors.affiliation: Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. kdward@memphis.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
authors.forename: Abdallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Khawaldeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Forensic science, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. ashotar@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shotar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data