title: Bisphenol A is related to circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin, but not to fat mass or fat distribution in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to induce obesity in experimental studies, we explored the associations between BPA and fat mass, fat distribution and circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), fat mass and fat distribution were determined in 70-year-old men and women (n=890) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=287). Serum levels of BPA were analyzed using isotope liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer (API4000LC-MS/MS). Hormone levels were analyzed with radioimmunoassays (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Imaging was performed approximately two years following collection of other data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentrations of BPA were not related to adipose tissue measurements by DXA or MRI. BPA associated positively with adiponectin and leptin, but negatively with ghrelin, following adjustments for sex, height, fat mass, lean mass, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, energy intake, and educational levels (p<0.001, p=0.009, p<0.001, respectively). The relationship between BPA and ghrelin was stronger in women than in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no relationships between BPA levels and measures of fat mass were seen, BPA associated strongly with the adipokines adiponectin and leptin and with the gut-hormone ghrelin suggesting that BPA may interfere with hormonal control of hunger and satiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rönn
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Örberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kullberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Söderberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahlström
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: monica.lind@medsci.uu.se.
authors.forename: P Monica
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects; D012737:Sex Factors; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Adiponectin; Adipose tissue; BPA; Ghrelin; Leptin