title: The effect of a comprehensive lifestyle modification program on glycemic control and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle modification program (CLMP) on glycemic control and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed from October 2003 to April 2005, and used an experimental design with random assignment. The experimental group (n = 25) received CLMP for 4 months and follow-up sessions for 9 months. CLMP included nurse-led education on exercise and diet, and counseling on stress management and self-monitoring of their diabetic health. The control group (n = 23) received a 1-hour educational session on diabetic diet at the beginning of the study. Glucose level and body composition were measured in both groups a total of five times: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months post intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels between the two groups (both p < .05). Both groups demonstrated statistically significant changes in body composition over time, but there was no significant difference in the pattern of change between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CLMP is a useful program, and its multiple approaches by nurses as the leaders and coordinators appear to have positive and synergistic roles in improving and maintaining stable glucose level and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Professor, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Full-time Instructor, Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Professor, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Professor and Dean Emerita, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Mi-Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim