title: The effect of light-emitting diode and laser on mandibular growth in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a light-emitting diode (LED) and/or low-level laser (LLL) with or without the use of anterior bite jumping appliances (also known as functional appliances [FAs]) on mandibular growth in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 g were obtained from Charles River Canada (St. Constant, QC, Canada) and were divided into six groups of six animals each. Groups were as follows: group 1: LLL; group 2: LLL + FA; group 3: LED; group 4: LED + FA; group 5: FA; and group 6: control (no treatment). Mandibular growth was evaluated by histomorphometric and micro computed tomographic (microCT) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LED and LED + FA groups showed an increase in all condylar tissue parameters compared with other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LED-treated groups showed more mandibular growth stimulation compared with the laser groups.
authors.affiliation: a Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El-Bialy
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhadlaq
authors.forename: Nayef
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Felemban
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051445:Fibrocartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
keywords: Functional appliance; LED; Laser; Mandibular growth