title: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of real-time acceleration gait analysis system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to construct a real-time acceleration gait analysis system equipped with software to analyse real-time trunk acceleration during walking and to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the this system.
  
  
  METHODS
  This system has been comprised of an accelerometer, an acceleration amplifier, a transmitter, two foot switches, a receiver and a personal computer installed with the real-time acceleration analysis software. The acceleration signals received were analysed using the real-time acceleration analysis software, and gait parameters were calculated. The subjects were 20 healthy individuals and two raters. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the measurement results obtained from this system were examined by performing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-rater and inter-rater ICCs ranged from 0.61 to 0.92 in any gait parameters. In the Bland-Altman analysis, neither fixed nor proportional bias was found in any of the gait parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the ICC and Bland-Altman analysis results, the gait measurement using this system clearly demonstrates that the intra-rater and inter-rater measurements had good reproducibility. Owing to this system, we can improve the clinical efficiency of gait analysis and gait training for physiotherapy. Implication for Rehabilitation This study focused on the advantage of a gait analysis method using an accelerometer and constructed a gait analysis system that calculates real-time gait parameters from trunk acceleration measurements during walking. The gait analysis using this system has good intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities, and using this system can improve the clinical efficiency of gait analysis and gait training.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan .|b Health Science Major, Division of Physical Therapy & Occupational Therapy Sciences , Hiroshima University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Hiroshima , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.affiliation: c Biomechanics Laboratory, Applied Life Sciences , Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences , Hiroshima , Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinkoda
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobara
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan .
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan .|b Health Science Major, Division of Physical Therapy & Occupational Therapy Sciences , Hiroshima University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Hiroshima , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Tomotaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D061725:Accelerometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003199:Computer Systems; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Accelerometer; Bland–Altman analysis; gait analysis; real-time analysis; reliability