title: Direct and indirect assessments of activities of daily living in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited information about the functional profile of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare direct and indirect assessments of activities of daily living (ADLs) in bvFTD and Alzheimer disease (AD) and their relationship with cognitive performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 20 patients with bvFTD, 30 patients with AD, and 34 normal controls (NCs), matched for age, education, and severity of dementia, completed the Direct Assessment of Functional Performance (DAFS-BR) and usual cognitive measures. The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) was completed by caregivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In DAFS-BR, patients with bvFTD and AD had similar performance but lower than NCs. In DAD, there were no significant differences for effective performance, but patients with bvFTD had lower scores for initiation and planning/organization. Patients with bvFTD were less impaired than AD in cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional changes in bvFTD seem to be better documented by indirect measures.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Bento
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Lima-Silva
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria Santoro
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bahia
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane Amaral
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique Cerqueira
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caramelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology and Dementia Unit, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Luiz Figueredo
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Balthazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology and Dementia Unit, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Damasceno
authors.affiliation: Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cássio Machado de Campos
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bottino
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sônia Maria Dozzi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brucki
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nitrini
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil yassuda@usp.br.
authors.forename: Mônica Sanches
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yassuda
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001519:Behavior; D017028:Caregivers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Alzheimer disease; activities of daily living; behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia; cognition; executive functions; functional status