title: Functional Recovery and Life Satisfaction in the First Year After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Multicenter Study of a Norwegian National Cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To examine the impact of demographic and acute injury-related variables on functional recovery and life satisfaction after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and (2) to test whether postinjury functioning, postconcussive symptoms, emotional state, and functional improvement are related to life satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective national multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 1 trauma centers in Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  163 adults with sTBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional recovery between 3 and 12 months postinjury measured with Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and satisfaction with life situation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  60% of cases experienced functional improvement from 3 to 12 months postinjury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that discharge to a rehabilitation department from acute care (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14; P < .05) and fewer days with artificial ventilation (OR = 1.04; P < .05) were significantly related to improvement. At 12 months postinjury, 85% were independent in daily activities. Most participants (63%) were satisfied with their life situation. Regression analysis revealed that older age (>65 years), low education, better functional outcome, and the absence of depressive and postconcussion symptoms were significant (P < .05) predictors of life satisfaction. Functional improvement was significantly associated with emotional state but not to life satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following sTBI, approximately two-thirds of survivors improve between 3 and 12 months postinjury and are satisfied with their life. Direct discharge from acute care to specialized rehabilitation appears to increase functional recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway (Drs Anke and Manskow); Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso, Norway (Dr Anke); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Andelic and Røe); Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway (Dr Skandsen); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (Dr Skandsen); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway (Dr Knoph); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Dr Ader); Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromso, Norway (Dr Manskow); Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway (Dr Sigurdardottir); and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Dr Røe).
authors.forename: Audny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anke
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andelic
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skandsen
authors.forename: Rein
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knoph
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ader
authors.forename: Unn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Manskow
authors.forename: Solrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sigurdardottir
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Røe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult