title: A mixture of carcinoid tumors, extensive neuroendocrine proliferation, and multiple pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas.
abstract: We encountered an extremely rare case of multiple pulmonary sclerosing hemangiomas (PSH) with extensive neuroendocrine lesions, including pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNC) hyperplasia, multiple carcinoid tumorlets and typical carcinoid tumors within one pulmonary lobe. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the English medical literature of PSH combined and admixed with carcinoid tumors and extensive neuroendocrine proliferation. This case is noteworthy for several reasons. First, the lesion is multi-nodular and unusually large for a typical PSH, which may mimic malignancy on imaging studies and cause diagnostic difficulties. Second, sampling bias may lead to diagnostic errors for a lesion containing two different types of neoplasms. Third, our case displays a rare mixed and mosaic pattern of PSH with a full spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine lesions, which may imply a potential intrinsic association in pathogenesis between PSH and concomitant neuroendocrine neoplasms. The clinical implication of multiple PSHs is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China. wyh_annie@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Yihong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qicai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongxiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D047868:Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery