title: Generalized or abdominal obesity: which one better identifies cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents? The CASPIAN III study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association of generalized and abdominal obesity with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a surveillance system entitled CASPIAN-III study in school students aged 10-18 years in Iran. Data of subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) or above (BMI ≥ 5th percentile) were analyzed. The associations of obesity with cardiometabolic risk factors were tested using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sample of 4641 children and adolescents, overweight/obese children were more likely to have metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors compared with their normal weight counterparts. Among these parameters, elevated TG had the strongest association with degree of obesity (overweight: OR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.59-3.26]; obesity: OR = 5.63 [95% CI 4.27,7.43]). Combined generalized and abdominal obesity increased the risk of high blood pressure, elevated triglyceride and total cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined type of generalized and abdominal obesity is a predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1599666615, Iran Department of Nutrition, College of Food Sciences and Technology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Asal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ataie-Jafari
authors.affiliation: Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heshmat
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Youths, Adolescents & School Health, Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gelayol
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Youths, Adolescents & School Health, Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Minoosadat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudarabi
authors.affiliation: Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Esmaeil
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Motlagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asayesh
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1599666615, Iran.
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.affiliation: Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1599666615, Iran Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran mqorbani1379@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qorbani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Iran; abdominal obesity; cardiometabolic risk; children; generalized obesity; metabolic syndrome