title: Motor fMRI and cortical grey matter volume in adults born very preterm.
abstract: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of motor planning, initiation and execution in a cohort of young adults (mean age 20 years) who were born very preterm (VPT; <33 weeks of gestation), as these individuals are at increased risk of experiencing neuromotor difficulties compared to controls. A cued motor task was presented to 20 right-handed VPT individuals and 20 controls within a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. Whole-brain grey matter volume was also quantified and associations with functional data were examined. Despite comparable task performance, fMRI results showed that the VPT group displayed greater brain activation compared to controls in a region comprising the right cerebellum and the lingual, parahippocampal and middle temporal gyri. The VPT group also displayed decreased grey matter volume in the right superior frontal/premotor cortex and left middle temporal gyri. Grey matter volume in the premotor and middle temporal clusters was significantly negatively correlated with BOLD activation in the cerebellum. Overall, these data suggest that preterm birth is associated with functional neuronal differences that persist into adulthood, which are likely to reflect neural reorganisation following early brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: emma.lawrence@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: sean.froudist_walsh@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Froudist-Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: rachel_neilan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neilan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: kie_woo.nam@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: vincent.giampietro@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giampietro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: philip.p.mcguire@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: robin.murray@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; Centre for the Developing Brain, King's Health Partners, King's College London, First Floor, South Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. Electronic address: chiara.nosarti@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nosarti
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adult; Cognitive; Motor; Neurodevelopment; Preterm; fMRI