title: Achieving patient-centred care: the potential and challenge of the patient-as-professional role.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The patient-as-professional concept acknowledges the expert participation of patients in interprofessional teams, including their contributions to managing and coordinating their care. However, little is known about experiences and perspectives of these teams.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate (i) patients' and carers' experiences of actively engaging in interprofessional care by enacting the patient-as-professional role and (ii) clinicians' perspectives of this involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-phased qualitative study. In Phase 1, people with chronic disease (n = 50) and their carers (n = 5) participated in interviews and focus groups. Phase 2 involved interviews with clinicians (n = 14). Data were analysed thematically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and carers described the characteristics of the role (knowing about the condition, questioning clinicians, coordinating care, using a support network, engaging an advocate and being proactive), as well as factors that influence its performance (the patient-clinician partnership, benefits, barriers and applicability). However, both patients and carers, and clinicians cautioned that not all patients might desire this level of involvement. Clinicians were also concerned that not all patients have the required knowledge for this role, and those who do are time-consuming. When describing the inclusion of the patient-as-professional, clinicians highlighted the patient and clinician's roles, the importance of the clinician-patient relationship and ramifications of the role.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Support exists for the patient-as-professional role. The characteristics and influencing factors identified in this study could guide patient engagement with the interprofessional team and support clinicians to provide patient-centred care. Recognition of the role has the potential to improve health-care delivery by promoting patient-centred care.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Stewardship, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.|Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Governance Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Stewardship, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kenning
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Stewardship, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.|Chronic Disease Management Unit, ACT Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dugdale
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nugus
authors.affiliation: Health Care Consumers' Association of the Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Governance Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenfield
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D036301:Qualitative Research
keywords: client; engagement; expert patient; health care; health professional; informed patient; patient; qualitative; self-management