title: French-Canadian translation of the WheelCon-M (WheelCon-M-F) and evaluation of its validity evidence using telephone administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to: (1) translate the Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for Manual Wheelchair Users (WheelCon-M) into a French-Canadian version (WheelCon-M-F); and (2) evaluate the WheelCon-M-F validity evidence based on response processes, internal structure, and relations with other variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The WheelCon-M was translated from English to French using the Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures - Principles of Good Practice guidelines. We used a test-retest design to examine the validity of the WheelCon-M-F with 24 community dwelling, experienced manual wheelchair users who had a variety of musculoskeletal and neurological diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ± SD WheelCon-M-F score was 63.8 ± 19.9. All WheelCon-M-F items were either identical or similar in meaning to the WheelCon-M items. Clarification issues were identified with 27/63 items. Cronbach's alpha was 0.98 and the retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87. The standard error of measurement and smallest real difference were 7.2 and 19.9, respectively. There were no floor or ceiling effects. WheelCon-M-F correlations with social support and participation were r = 0.54 and 0.78, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WheelCon-M-F is a valid outcome measure for assessing manual wheelchair confidence in the French-Canadian population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WheelCon-M-F is a valid outcome measure available for assessing wheelchair confidence, a modifiable barrier to wheelchair use. Translation of the WheelCon-M into the WheelCon-M-F allows collection of both clinical and research wheelchair confidence data using the two official Canadian languages, English and French.
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC , Canada .
authors.forename: Paula W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Routhier
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: Marie-Pier
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lavoie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D012944:Social Support; D013689:Telephone; D014177:Translations; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Measurement properties; WheelCon; mobility; self-efficacy; telephone administration; translation; validity; wheelchair confidence