title: Is abnormal non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol a gender-specific predictor for metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia taking second-generation antipsychotics?
abstract: Evidence supports an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and schizophrenia. However, specific risk factors for MetS and gender differences in patients with schizophrenia taking second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have not been well explored. A cross-sectional cohort of 329 Han Chinese patients was recruited in a psychiatric hospital in central Taiwan. Using the definitions of the International Diabetes Federation for Chinese, the prevalence of MetS was 23.7% (men: 25.7%; women: 21.2%). Logistic regression analyses showed that patients with a BMI ≥ 24 and an abnormal non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to develop MetS. A BMI ≥ 24 was a significant risk factor in men (OR: 6.092, p < 0.001) and women (OR: 5.886, p < 0.001). An abnormal non-HDL-C was a significant specific risk factor for men with MetS (OR: 4.127, p < 0.001), but not for women. This study supports a greater prevalence of MetS in patients with schizophrenia taking SGAs than in the general population. Abnormal BMI and non-HDL-C were significantly associated with developing MetS, and an abnormal non-HDL-C was a specific risk factor for men. Future development of specific interventions and regular monitoring for MetS is imperative for early identification and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China, chinglan@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Esther Ching-Lan
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Chuan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Hsin-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Miaofen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Sheng-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ru-Band
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002784:Cholesterol