title: Nonpalpable intramuscular hemangioma treated with hookwire localization and excision.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The local recurrence rate after surgical excision of intramuscular hemangioma reported is between 18% and 61%. The aim of this study was to review the clinical outcome and local recurrence rate after surgical excision of nonpalpable intramuscular hemangioma using preoperative ultrasound-guided hookwire localization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed ultrasound-guided hookwire localization before excision surgery for nonpalpable intramuscular hemangioma in 37 cases between January 1997 and 2011. There were 20 females and 17 males, with a mean age of 30.2 years (range, 17-49 years). The mean localization procedure time was 10.6 minutes (range, 3-20 minutes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average operation time was 48.6 minutes (range, 30-80 minutes). The average length of the excision wound was 5 cm (range, 4-11 cm), and the average hospital stay was 2.5 days (range, 2-4 days). The postoperative therapeutic report confirmed the diagnosis of intramuscular hemangioma. The average tumor size was 2.11 cm and all excision margins were free in all specimens. After the mean follow-up of 92.9 months (range, 14-179 months), one of the 37 patients had local recurrence (recurrence rate 2.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ultrasound-guided hookwire localization before excision surgery is safe and effective in treating nonpalpable intramuscular hemangioma and could provide a better cosmetic result and functional recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chien-Shun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Po-Kuei
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hong-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Cheng-Fong
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: studpj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chien-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tain-Hsiung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: hemangioma; local recurrence; localization