title: Effect of 12-month intervention with lipid-based nutrient supplements on physical activity of 18-month-old Malawian children: a randomised, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study measured the effects of dietary supplementation with lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) on 18-month-old children's physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised, controlled, outcome-assessor blinded trial 1932 six-month-old children from Malawi received one of five interventions daily from 6-18 months of age: 10-g milk-LNS, 20-g milk-LNS, 20-g non-milk-LNS, 40-g milk-LNS or 40-g non-milk-LNS, or received no intervention in the same period (control). The control group received delayed intervention with corn-soy blend from 18-30 months. Physical activity was measured over 1 week by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer at 18 months. Main outcome was mean vector magnitude accelerometer counts/15 s. Analyses were restricted to children with valid accelerometer data on at least 4 days with minimum 6 h of wearing time per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1435 children recruited to this substudy, 1053 provided sufficient data for analysis. The mean (s.d.) vector magnitude accelerometer counts in the total sample were 307 (64). The difference (95% CI) in mean accelerometer counts, compared with the control group, was 8 (-6 to 21, P=0.258) in 10-g milk-LNS, 3 (-11 to 17, P=0.715) in 20-g milk-LNS, 5 (-8 to 19, P=0.445) in 20-g non-milk-LNS, 10 (-3 to 23, P=0.148) in 40-g milk-LNS and 2 (-12 to 16, P=0.760) in 40-g non-milk-LNS groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Provision of 10-40 g doses of LNS daily for 12 months did not increase physical activity of Malawian toddlers.
authors.affiliation: University of Tampere School of Medicine, Department for International Health, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulakka
authors.affiliation: University of Tampere School of Medicine, Department for International Health, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ashorn
authors.affiliation: 1] Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Singapore, Singapore [2] Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.affiliation: University of Malawi College of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maleta
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vosti
authors.affiliation: 1] University of Tampere School of Medicine, Department for International Health, Tampere, Finland [2] Tampere University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashorn
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000517:prevention & control; D008892:Milk; D009043:Motor Activity; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids