title: PHYTOCHROME C is an essential light receptor for photoperiodic flowering in the temperate grass, Brachypodium distachyon.
abstract: We show that in the temperate grass, Brachypodium distachyon, PHYTOCHROME C (PHYC), is necessary for photoperiodic flowering. In loss-of-function phyC mutants, flowering is extremely delayed in inductive photoperiods. PHYC was identified as the causative locus by utilizing a mapping by sequencing pipeline (Cloudmap) optimized for identification of induced mutations in Brachypodium. In phyC mutants the expression of Brachypodium homologs of key flowering time genes in the photoperiod pathway such as GIGANTEA (GI), PHOTOPERIOD 1 (PPD1/PRR37), CONSTANS (CO), and florigen/FT are greatly attenuated. PHYC also controls the day-length dependence of leaf size as the effect of day length on leaf size is abolished in phyC mutants. The control of genes upstream of florigen production by PHYC was likely to have been a key feature of the evolution of a long-day flowering response in temperate pooid grasses.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ream
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Minevich
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hobert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 United States Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 amasino@biochem.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amasino
mesh_terms: D058431:Brachypodium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010507:Periodicity; D017440:Photoperiod; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D010834:Phytochrome
keywords: Brachypodium; circadian clock; flowering; photoperiod; phytochrome