title: Hope, hopelessness, and anxiety: a pilot instrument comparison study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hope has a powerful influence on living. This pilot study compared three measures of hope and one hopelessness measure, and examined their associations with a measure of anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 23 adult mental health patients ≥18 years old completed the: Herth Hope Index, Miller Hope Scale, Snyder Hope Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and STAI-S, STAI-T.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha from each instrument ranged from 0.85 to 0.96. Correlations ranged from -.802 to .780.
authors.affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Electronic address: carrie.carretta@sn.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Carrie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carretta
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Electronic address: sheila.ridner@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Sheila H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ridner
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (Biostatistics, VICC, & Psychiatry), Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Electronic address: mary.dietrich@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult