title: Should we expand the concept of coronary heart disease equivalents?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This narrative review discusses the associations between metabolic and inflammatory diseases, as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy with coronary heart disease (CHD) and related risk factors, to support (or not) their potential role as CHD equivalents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although not regarded as CHD equivalents, several metabolic and inflammatory disorders are associated with an increased risk of CHD morbidity and/or mortality. These conditions include metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, erectile dysfunction, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic vasculitis and HIV infection, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research should be carried out to identify which conditions can be added to the list of CHD equivalents.
authors.affiliation: aSecond Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece bDepartment of Metabolic Medicine/Chemical Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals cDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsiki
authors.forename: Vasilios G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Athyros
authors.forename: Asterios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000150:complications; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors