title: Blood genomic profiling in extracranial- and intracranial atherosclerosis in ischemic stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracranial- and intracranial atherosclerosis (ECAS and ICAS) have been suggested to have different pathogeneses. Blood genomic profiling may identify their unique molecular signatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole gene microarray of peripheral blood was performed in 24 patients with acute ischemic stroke (ECAS, n=12; ICAS, n=12) and 12 healthy controls. Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted. Plasma resistin levels were compared across independent samples of stroke patients with ECAS (n=39), ICAS (n=20), and small vessel disease (SVD, n=57).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray revealed that 144 and 24 transcripts were altered in ECAS and ICAS, respectively, compared to controls. All the transcripts that were differentially expressed in ICAS were also differentially expressed in ECAS. A total of 120 transcripts were differentially expressed only in ECAS. Gene sets related to immune response and protein metabolism were altered in both ECAS and ICAS, but the magnitude of gene alteration was higher in ECAS than in ICAS. Several genes of interest including RETN, IRF5, CD163, and CHST13 were more highly expressed in ECAS than in ICAS. Circulating resistin levels were elevated in independent samples of ECAS, but not in those of ICAS, compared to those of SVDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECAS showed prominent genomic alteration related to immune response compared to ICAS. Although there was no ECAS-specific gene to be identified on microarray, the level of resistin expression was high on peripheral blood in ECAS, suggesting that resistin is associated with the pathogenesis of ECAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Keun
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Kyeoung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ohsh72@chamc.co.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood*; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C499624:RETN protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin
keywords: Extracranial atherosclerosis; Gene expression; Intracranial atherosclerosis; Microarray; Stroke