title: Organogenesis in a dish: modeling development and disease using organoid technologies.
abstract: Classical experiments performed half a century ago demonstrated the immense self-organizing capacity of vertebrate cells. Even after complete dissociation, cells can reaggregate and reconstruct the original architecture of an organ. More recently, this outstanding feature was used to rebuild organ parts or even complete organs from tissue or embryonic stem cells. Such stem cell-derived three-dimensional cultures are called organoids. Because organoids can be grown from human stem cells and from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, they have the potential to model human development and disease. Furthermore, they have potential for drug testing and even future organ replacement strategies. Here, we summarize this rapidly evolving field and outline the potential of organoid technology for future biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science Vienna 1030, Austria.
authors.forename: Madeline A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.affiliation: IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science Vienna 1030, Austria. juergen.knoblich@imba.oeaw.ac.at.
authors.forename: Juergen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knoblich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004194:Disease; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D038081:Organogenesis; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering