title: Acyl transfer mechanisms of tissue transglutaminase.
abstract: Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that catalyses several acyl transfer reactions. The most biologically relevant of these involve protein-bound Gln residues as an acyl-donor substrate, and either water or a primary amine as an acyl-acceptor substrate. The former leads to deamidation of Gln to Glu, whereas the latter leads to transamidation, typically resulting in protein cross-linking when the amine substrate is a protein-bound Lys residue. In this review, we present an overview of over fifty years of mechanistic studies that have led to our current understanding of TG2-mediated hydrolysis and transamidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Cure, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. Electronic address: jkeillor@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Keillor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Cure, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clouthier
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Cure, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Kim Y P
authors.initials: KYP
authors.lastname: Apperley
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Cure, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Cure, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulani
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000818:Animals; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: Acyl transfer; Enzyme mechanism; Transamidation; Transglutaminase