title: The role of CXCL12 and CCL7 chemokines in immune regulation, embryonic development, and tissue regeneration.
abstract: Chemotactic factors direct the migration of immune cells, multipotent stem cells, and progenitor cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Chemokine ligand 12 and chemokine ligand 7 have been identified and investigated in multiple studies for their role in cellular trafficking in the setting of tissue regeneration. Recent early phase clinical trials have suggested that these molecules may lead to clinical benefit in patients with chronic disease. Importantly, these two proteins may play additional significant roles in directing the migration of multipotent cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. This article reviews the functions of these two chemokines, focusing on recruitment to sites of injury, immune function modulation, and contributions to embryonic development. Additional research would provide valuable insight into the potential clinical application of these two proteins in stem cell therapy.
authors.affiliation: Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Julie W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Zhina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Skirball Laboratory for Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics, Summa Cardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, 525 East Market Street, Akron, OH 44304, United States.
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Horst A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: von Recum
authors.affiliation: Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Arnold I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.affiliation: Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States. Electronic address: adonis.hijaz@uhhospitals.org.
authors.forename: Adonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hijaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054410:Chemokine CCL7 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D012038:Regeneration; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12
keywords: Chemokine ligand 12; Chemokine ligand 7; Chemokines