title: Wheel running alters patterns of uncontrollable stress-induced cfos mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum direct and indirect pathways: A possible role for plasticity in adenosine receptors.
abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that adenosine is a major regulator of striatum activity, in part, through the antagonistic modulation of dopaminergic function. Exercise can influence adenosine and dopamine activity, which may subsequently promote plasticity in striatum adenosine and dopamine systems. Such changes could alter activity of medium spiny neurons and impact striatum function. The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to characterize the effect of long-term wheel running on adenosine 1 (A1R), adenosine 2A (A2AR), dopamine 1 (D1R), and dopamine 2 (D2R) receptor mRNA expression in adult rat dorsal and ventral striatum structures using in situ hybridization. The second was to determine if changes to adenosine and dopamine receptor mRNA from running are associated with altered cfos mRNA induction in dynorphin- (direct pathway) and enkephalin- (indirect pathway) expressing neurons of the dorsal striatum following stress exposure. We report that chronic running, as well as acute uncontrollable stress, reduced A1R and A2AR mRNA levels in the dorsal and ventral striatum. Running also modestly elevated D2R mRNA levels in striatum regions. Finally, stress-induced cfos was potentiated in dynorphin and attenuated in enkephalin expressing neurons of running rats. These data suggest striatum adenosine and dopamine systems are targets for neuroplasticity from exercise, which may contribute to changes in direct and indirect pathway activity. These findings may have implications for striatum mediated motor and cognitive processes, as well as exercise facilitated stress-resistance.
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States. Electronic address: peter.clark@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Parsa R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ghasem
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Heidi E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Benjamin N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleshner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000378:metabolism; D004597:Electroshock; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D004399:Dynorphins; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Adenosine; Dopamine; Exercise; Running; Stress; Striatum