title: Are myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism associated? Population-based case-control and cohort studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because the association of myocardial infarction (MI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain, we tested MI as a VTE risk factor and VTE as a predictor of MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Rochester Epidemiology Project resources, we identified all Olmsted County, MN residents with objectively-diagnosed incident VTE over the 13-year period, 1988-2000 (n=1311), one to two resident controls per VTE case (n=1511), and all residents with incident MI over the 31-year period, 1979-2010. For VTE cases and controls, we reviewed their complete medical records in the community for VTE and MI risk factors. Using conditional logistic regression we tested MI as a potential VTE risk factor, both unadjusted and after adjusting for VTE risk factors. We also followed VTE cases and controls without prior MI forward in time for incident MI through 12/31/2010, and using Cox proportional hazards modeling, tested VTE as a predictor of MI, both unadjusted and after adjusting for MI risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number (%) of MI prior to VTE among cases and controls were 75 (5.7) and 51 (3.4), respectively, and the number (%) of MI after VTE among cases and controls were 58 (4.4) and 77 (5.1), respectively. In univariate analyses, MI was significantly associated with VTE but not after adjusting for VTE risk factors. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, VTE (overall or idiopathic) was not a predictor of MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MI is not an independent risk factor for VTE, and VTE is not a predictor of MI.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michel K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Barsoum
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Cohoon
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Véronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ramila A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: heit.john@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Epidemiology; Myocardial infarction; Risk factors; Thrombosis; Veins