title: Evaluation of safety and efficacy of open mini-access ureterolithotomy in the era of minimally invasive surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety evaluation of mini-access ureterolithotomy in the management of ureteric calculus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. A total number of one hundred and forty three patients with radiologically confirmed ureteral calculus (size > 1 cm) were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of male and female patients was 44.97 ± 11.24 and 43.89 ± 14.49 years, respectively. In the majority of cases stone was in the upper ureter irrespective of the side. The stone size ranged from 10 to 30 mm in diameter. The most common indication for open mini-access ureterolithotomy in the present study was impacted large stone (45%). The mean operation duration was 25.39 ± 5.11 min, with an incision length of 4.78 ± 0.25 mm; the estimated blood loss was 50.55 ± 8 mL and none of the patient's required post-operative blood transfusion. The overall complication rate was 5.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open mini-access ureterolithotomy is a safe procedure with fewer complications and cosmetically acceptable results. Although in this minimally invasive era, the specific indications for open stone surgery are a few, but when the situation mandates, an open mini-access ureterolithotomy might be considered the best option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal,Manipur,India.
authors.forename: Sholay Kangjam
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Meitei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal,Manipur,India. drblodh@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Bijit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lodh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal,Manipur,India.
authors.forename: Somarendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khumukcham
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal,Manipur,India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal,Manipur,India.
authors.forename: Kaku Akoijam
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal,Manipur,India.
authors.forename: Rajendra Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sinam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D061646:Operative Time; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*