title: Simulation in laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: Nowadays surgical trainees are faced with a more reduced surgical practice, due to legal limitations and work hourly constraints. Also, currently surgeons are expected to dominate more complex techniques such as laparoscopy. Simulation emerges as a complementary learning tool in laparoscopic surgery, by training in a safe, controlled and standardized environment, without jeopardizing patient' safety. Simulation' objective is that the skills acquired should be transferred to the operating room, allowing reduction of learning curves. The use of simulation has increased worldwide, becoming an important tool in different surgical residency programs and laparoscopic training courses. For several countries, the approval of these training courses are a prerequisite for the acquisition of surgeon title certifications. This article reviews the most important aspects of simulation in laparoscopic surgery, including the most used simulators and training programs, as well as the learning methodologies and the different key ways to assess learning in simulation.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Simulación y Cirugía Experimental, División de Cirugía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: León Ferrufino
authors.affiliation: Centro de Simulación y Cirugía Experimental, División de Cirugía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varas Cohen
authors.affiliation: Centro de Simulación y Cirugía Experimental, División de Cirugía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buckel Schaffner
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crovari Eulufi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pimentel Müller
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez Castillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jarufe Cassis
authors.affiliation: Centro de Simulación y Cirugía Experimental, División de Cirugía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: bozauc@mac.com.
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boza Wilson
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training
keywords: Cirugía laparoscópica; Educación médica; Laparoscopic surgery; Medical education; Simulación; Simulation