title: Endocrine disrupting effects of benzotriazole in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in a sex-dependent manner.
abstract: Benzotriazole (BT), an anticorrosive agent, is widely used in industrial applications and household dishwashing agents. Despite its reported toxicity to aquatic organisms, little is known about its endocrine disrupting effects. In this study, adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg L(-1) BT for 28 d. The pathological damage in liver was associated with hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, nuclei pyknosis and vacuolization at 5 mg L(-1) groups. Additionally, the degeneration of the ovary and the stimulation of spermatogenesis were observed at 5 mg L(-1) groups. The plasma 17β-estradiol level was significantly increased in the males but decreased in the females at 5 mg L(-1) (p<0.05). In the brain, the up-regulation of CYP19B, GnRHs, and LHβ mRNA was detected across all doses (p<0.05). In the gonad, the transcriptional levels of StAR, CYP11A, 3βHSD, CYP17, 17βHSD, and CYP19A were generally decreased in the males at 5 mg L(-1) (p<0.05), whereas these genes, except for 3βHSD, were significantly increased in females at all concentrations (p<0.05). Moreover, the expression level of VTG in the livers from all exposure groups was significantly increased compared with controls (p<0.05). Taken together, our results indicate that BT could adversely affect the rare minnows in a sex-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Xuefang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: jmzha@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jinmiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Lifei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: wangzj@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000502:physiology*; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D014230:Triazoles; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C012771:benzotriazole
keywords: Benzotriazole; Endocrine disruption; HPG axis-related genes; Histopathology; Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus); Steroid hormone