title: [Clinical features and outcome of eight patients with mediastinal and neck hematoma after transradial cardiac catheterization approach].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical features of patients with mediastinal and/or neck hematoma after transradial cardiac catheterization were reviewed and analyzed to help the clinicians to recognize this complication, and try their best to avoid the complication and treat the complication properly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 8 patients with mediastinal and/or neck hematoma after right transradial cardiac catheterization in Fuwai hospital from January 1, 2005 to the end of 2012 were included in this study. Among these 8 patients, 1 patient underwent coronary angiography, 7 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and drug eluting stents were successfully implanted in 6 patients. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Super slide hydrophilic guild-wire was used in all patients. These patients felt chest pain, dyspnea and neck pain and neck or throat tightness after the procedure. CT scan was performed in all 8 patients and reviewed mediastinal hematoma, 4 patients complicated with neck hematoma, and suspicious laceration on the right subclavian artery or branch of innominate artery were found in 2 patients. Post procedure hemoglobin decrease was evidenced in all 8 patients. Anti-platelet therapy was discontinued until discharge in 2 patients, dual anti-platelet drugs were transiently discontinued or underwent dosage reduction in 4 patients, protamine was administered in 2 patients to neutralize heparin. Blood transfusion was not required, there was no stent thrombosis, and surgery was not indicated for all 8 patients. No complication was reported during follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mediastinal and/or neck hematoma is a rare complication post transradial catheterization approach. This complication is caused by super slide guild-wire or catheter's injury of small vessels near the aortic arch or subclavian artery, especially with rough manipulation. Neck and mediastinal CT scan should be performed as early as possible for patients with suspect hematoma and prognosis is usually fine with suitable therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Weixian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China. Email: qiaosbmail@tom.com.
authors.forename: Shubin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Fenghuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Xuewen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Kefei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Jilin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yuejin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D017534:Radial Artery; D012189:Retrospective Studies