title: Rubber hand illusion highlights massive visual capture and sensorimotor face-hand remapping in a tetraplegic man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The illusory ownership of a fake hand as part the body follows synchronous tactile stimulation over a visible rubber hand and a covered hand. Whether brain plasticity mechanisms after sensory and motor disconnection modulates this illusion remain unexplored.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested a tetraplegic man after synchronous and asynchronous stimulation of the hand and face.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The illusory ownership of the fake hand was tested four times in separate days and always reported. To verify whether this ownership feeling generalized also to object not resembling the human body we tested this illusion with a plastic bottle and a rubber hand. The illusionary perception of owning an external object using the rubber hand paradigm showed that the temporally matched tactile stimulation on a fake hand and visual capture mechanism create the illusionary feeling that the rubber hand was part of his body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite lesions that dramatically disconnect the access to sensory inputs and motor outputs our data suggests a strong visual capture of a rubber hand and a possible remapping of hand-face representations after the spinal lesion. We suggest that vision and brain plasticity may represent a supportive tool for motor rehabilitation in patients with sensory deficits.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Emmanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tidoni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy Brain Language Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grisoni
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco Tullio
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Liuzza
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aglioti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005145:Face; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012408:Rubber; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012408:Rubber
keywords: Rubber hand illusion; brain plasticity; face hand remapping; spinal cord injury; visual dominance