title: Relationship between chronological and bone ages and pubertal stage of breasts with bone biomarkers and bone mineral density in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent females according to five groups of chronological age (CA), bone age (BA), and breast development stage (B), and to correlate these parameters with plasma bone biomarkers (BB).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study performed in 101 healthy adolescent females between 10 and 20 years old. The study variables were: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), CA, B, BA, calcium intake, BMD, and BB. Osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and C-terminal telopeptide (S-CTx) were evaluated for BB. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMD in lumbar spine, proximal femur, and total body increased with age, and the respective observed averages were: in CA1 (10 years old), 0.631, 0.692, 0.798 g/cm(2); in CA2 (11 to 12 years old), 0.698, 0.763, 0.840 g/cm(2); in CA3 (13 to 14 years old), 0.865, 0.889, 0.972 g/cm(2); in CA4 (15 to 16 years old), 0.902, 0.922, 1.013 g/cm(2); and in CA5 (17 to 19 years old), 0.944, 0.929, 1.35 g/cm(2). These results showed significant differences between 13 and 14 years of age (CA3) or when girls reached the B3 stage (0.709, 0.832, 0.867 g/cm(2)). The highest median concentrations of BB were between 10 and 12 years of age when adolescents were in the B2-B3 (p<0.001). Median BB concentrations decreased in advanced BA and B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BB concentrations were positively correlated with the peak height velocity and negatively correlated with BMD in the study sites. Increased BMD and BB concentrations were observed in B3.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Maria Teixeira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine Discipline, Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: tamara@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Tamara Beres Lederer
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cilmery Suemi
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Paraná, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Cristiani
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine Discipline, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Poli
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Biason
authors.affiliation: Tropical Diseases and Image Diagnosis Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Altamir Santos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hélio Rubens de Carvalho
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001940:Breast / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D013334:Students; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Adolescentes; Adolescents; Bone health; Bone mineral density; Bone mineralization; Bone reabsorption; Bone remodeling; Crescimento; Densidade mineral óssea; Growth; Mineralização óssea; Osteocalcin; Osteocalcina; Osteoporose; Osteoporosis; Reabsorção óssea; Remodelação óssea; Saúde óssea