title: Adapalene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles gel: an effective approach for acne treatment.
abstract: Salient features such as controlled release, target ability, potential of penetration, improved physical stability, low cost compared to phospholipids, and ease of scaling-up makes solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) a viable alternative to liposomes for effective drug delivery. Adapalene (ADA) is a second generation retinoid effective in treating various dermatologic disorders such as Acne vulgaris with a few noticeable dose-mediated side effects. The present study was aimed at developing and characterizing ADA loaded SLNs for effective topical delivery. The formulated SLN system was characterized for particle size, poly dispersity index, entrapment efficiency and drug release properties. The resultant formulation (ADA loaded SLNs incorporated into carbopol hydrogel) was evaluated for in vitro drug release, skin permeation and bio-distribution, rheological behaviour, and texture profile analysis. The SLNs based ADA gel has shown its potential in targeting skin epidermal layer, and reducing systemic penetration. The developed system can avoid systemic uptake of ADA in skin layers, and can localize drug in skin epidermis as confirmed by rat skin model. Our results advocate potential of SLNs as a novel carrier for topical delivery of ADA in topical therapeutic approaches. This study open new avenues for drug delivery which better meets the need of anti-acne research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Bhagyoday tirth Pharmacy College, Khurai Road, Sagar, MP 470001, India.
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Ashay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Bhagyoday tirth Pharmacy College, Khurai Road, Sagar, MP 470001, India.
authors.forename: Som Akshay
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Bhagyoday tirth Pharmacy College, Khurai Road, Sagar, MP 470001, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India. Electronic address: agrawal.gp.dops@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Govind P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000068816:Adapalene; D000818:Animals; D004355:Drug Stability; D005782:Gels; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010316:Particle Size; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012212:Rheology / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D055672:Static Electricity; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects; D014783:Viscosity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000068816:Adapalene
keywords: Acne; Adapalene; Epidermal targeting; Rheology; Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs); Topical delivery