title: Unintended emission of nanoparticle aerosols during common laboratory handling operations.
abstract: Common laboratory operations such as pouring, mashing in an agate mortar, transferring with a spatula, have been assessed as potential sources for emission of engineered nanoparticles in simulated occupational environments. Also, the accidental spilling from an elevated location has been considered. For workplace operations, masses of 1500 or 500mg of three dry-state engineered nanoparticles (SiO2, TiO2 and Ce-TiO2) with all dimensions under 30nm, and one fibrous nanomaterial (MWCNT) with diameter under 10nm and length about 1.5μm were used. The measured number emission factors (NEF) for every operation and material in this work were in the range of 10(5) #s(-1). The traceability of emitted nanoparticles has been improved using Ce-doping on TiO2 nanoparticles. With this traceable material it was possible to show that generated aerosol nanoparticles are rapidly associated with background particles to form large-sized aerosol agglomerates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: sirusta@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irusta
authors.affiliation: Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navascues
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: Jesus.Santamaria@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santamaria
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D002563:Cerium / Q000032:analysis; D007753:Laboratories; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D052638:Particulate Matter; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002563:Cerium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Aerosol emission; Handling; Laboratory operations; Nanoparticle