title: In vitro diagnosis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity: mechanistic aspects and unmet needs.
abstract: Several laboratories use the lymphocyte transformation test for the diagnosis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions. Recently, the availability of multiple readouts has improved our ability to diagnose reactions. It is important to note that most published studies characterizing the usefulness of diagnostic tests utilize blood samples from well-defined test and control patient groups. The purpose of this article is to briefly summarize the cellular and chemical basis of delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions and to review in vitro assays that are available for drug hypersensitivity diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, England. Electronic address: dnes@liv.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dean J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Naisbitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, England.
authors.forename: Ryan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nattrass
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, England.
authors.forename: Monday O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ogese
mesh_terms: D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
keywords: Altered peptide repertoire hypothesis; Delayed-type drug hypersensitivity; Hapten hypothesis; PI hypothesis; T lymphocytes