title: A two-hybrid approach to identify inhibitors of the RAS-RAF interaction.
abstract: MCP compounds were developed with the idea to inhibit RAS/RAF interaction. They were identified by carrying out high-throughput screens of chemical compounds for their ability to inhibit RAS/RAF interaction in the yeast two-hybrid assay. A number of compounds including MCP1, MCP53, and MCP110 were identified as active compounds. Their inhibition of the RAS signaling was demonstrated by examining RAF and MEK activities, phosphorylation of ERK as well as characterizing their effects on events downstream of RAF. Direct evidence for the inhibition of RAS/RAF interaction was obtained by carrying out co-IP experiments. MCP compounds inhibit proliferation of a wide range of human cancer cell lines. Combination studies with other drugs showed that MCP compounds synergize with MAPK pathway inhibitors as well as with microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics. In particular, a strong synergy with paclitaxel was observed. Efficacy to inhibit tumor formation was demonstrated using mouse xenograft models. Combination of MCP110 and paclitaxel was particularly effective in inhibiting tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Program in Biology, Priaxon Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: khazak@priaxon.com.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khazak
authors.affiliation: Program in Chemoinformatics, Priaxon AG, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eyrisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Juran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Fuyuhiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamanoi
authors.affiliation: Program in Biology, Priaxon Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: erica.golemis@fccc.edu.
authors.forename: Erica A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Golemis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D018631:ras Proteins
keywords: MCP1; MCP110; Protein–protein interaction; RAF1; RAS; Yeast two-hybrid screen