title: Effects of water-filtered infrared-A and of heat on cell death, inflammation, antioxidative potential and of free radical formation in viable skin--first results.
abstract: The effects of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) and of convective heat on viability, inflammation, inducible free radicals and antioxidative power were investigated in natural and viable skin using the ex vivo Bovine Udder System (BUS) model. Therefore, skin samples from differently treated parts of the udder of a healthy cow were analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) measurement and by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Neither cell viability, the inflammation status, the radical status or the antioxidative defence systems of the skin were significantly affected by wIRA applied within 30 min by using an irradiance of 1900 W m(-2) which is of relevance for clinical use, but which exceeded the maximum solar IR-A irradiance at the Earth's surface more than 5 times and which resulted in a skin surface temperature of about 45 °C without cooling and of about 37 °C with convective cooling by air ventilation. No significant effects on viability and on inflammation were detected when convective heat was applied alone under equivalent conditions in terms of the resulting skin surface temperatures and exposure time. As compared with untreated skin, free radical formation was almost doubled, whereas the antioxidative power was reduced to about 50% after convective heating to about 45 °C.
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Medical Photobiology Group, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: helmut.piazena@charite.de.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piazena
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Medical Photobiology Group, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pittermann
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Medical Photobiology Group, Wetzlar, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Gematria-Test Lab, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katinka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Mainz, Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.affiliation: Gematria-Test Lab, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herrling
authors.affiliation: Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meffert
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Medical Photobiology Group, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uebelhack
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002417:Cattle; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005562:Formazans / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D007259:Infrared Rays; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005562:Formazans; D005609:Free Radicals; D014867:Water; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Antioxidative potential; Bovine Udder System (BUS) model; Cell death; Free radicals; Heat; In vitro skin; Inflammation; Solar irradiance; Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA)