title: Novel bioactive antimicrobial lignin containing coatings on titanium obtained by electrophoretic deposition.
abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the most suitable biocompatible material for bone implant coatings; its brittleness, however, is a major obstacle, and the reason why research focuses on creating composites with biopolymers. Organosolv lignin (Lig) is used for the production of composite coatings, and these composites were examined in this study. Titanium substrate is a key biomedical material due to its well-known properties, but infections of the implantation site still impose a serious threat. One approach to prevent infection is to improve antimicrobial properties of the coating material. Silver doped hydroxyapatite (Ag/HAP) and HAP coatings on titanium were obtained by an electrophoretic deposition method in order to control deposited coating mass and morphology by varying applied voltage and deposition time. The effect of lignin on microstructure, morphology and thermal behavior of biocomposite coatings was investigated. The results showed that higher lignin concentrations protect the HAP lattice during sintering, improving coating stability. The corrosion stability was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. Newly formed plate-shaped carbonate-HAP was detected, indicating enhanced bioactive performance. The antimicrobial efficiency of Ag/HAP/Lig was confirmed by its higher reduction of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus TL (S. aureus TL) than of HAP/Lig coating. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that both coatings can be classified as non-toxic against healthy immunocompetent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. serakovic@tmf.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erakovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. ajankovic@tmf.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jankovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, AG711 Chung Sze Yuen Building, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. gary.c.p.tsui@polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Gary C P
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, AG711 Chung Sze Yuen Building, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. cy.tang@polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chak-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. vesna@tmf.bg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miskovic-Stankovic
authors.affiliation: Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, 2425 rue de la Terrasse, Pavillon Gene-H.-Kruger, Québec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada. Tatjana.Stevanovic@sbf.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stevanovic
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003343:Corrosion; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D004586:Electrophoresis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008031:Lignin; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium