title: Increase in testicular germ cell tumor incidence among Hispanic adolescents and young adults in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although rising incidence rates of testicular germ cell tumors have been well documented in white men, relatively little is known about rates in men of Hispanic origin. In the current study, the authors compared germ cell tumor trends between men of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin as a function of age at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trends in testicular germ cell tumor incidence among white men were analyzed according to Hispanic ethnicity in 2 data sets of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, spanning from 1992 to 2010 and from 2000 to 2010 and sampling 15% and 28% of the United States population, respectively. Rates were age-adjusted to the year 2000 US standard population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1992 and 2010, the annual incidence of testicular germ cell tumors among Hispanic whites ages 15 to 39 years increased 58%, from 7.18 cases per 100,000 in 1992 to 11.34 cases per 100,000 by 2010 (P<1 × 10(-9) ). Their incidence rates increased in metropolitan areas for both seminoma and nonseminoma subtypes and for all stages at diagnosis. During the same 19-year interval, incidence among non-Hispanic white young adults increased 7%, from 12.41 to 13.22 per 100,000. During the 2000 to 2010 interval, no significant trends were observed in incidence among non-Hispanic whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been a recent substantial increase in testicular germ cell tumor incidence among Hispanic adolescents and young adults in the United States. Similar trends were not observed in non-Hispanic whites.
authors.affiliation: Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Franklin L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Rebecca H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D018426:SEER Program; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hispanic; adolescent; incidence; testicular cancer; young adult