title: Antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaf gall extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free radicals are implicated in several metabolic diseases and the medicinal properties of plants have been explored for their potent antioxidant activities to counteract metabolic disorders. This research highlights the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of leaf gall extracts (aqueous and methanol) of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini), which have been extensively used in traditional medications to treat various metabolic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antioxidant activities of leaf gall extracts were examined using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide scavenging, hydroxyl scavenging and ferric reducing power (FRAP) methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the methods, the methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant potential than the standard ascorbic acid. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, and reducing sugars was identified in both the extracts. When compared, the methanol extract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents at 474±2.2 mg of GAE/g d.w and 668±1.4 mg of QUE/g d.w, respectively. The significant high antioxidant activity can be positively correlated to the high content of total polyphenols/flavonoids of the methanol extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms the folklore use of S. cumini leaves gall extracts as a natural antioxidant and justifies its ethnobotanical use. Further, the result of antioxidant properties encourages the use of S. cumini leaf gall extracts for medicinal health, functional food and nutraceuticals applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India ; Research Unit in Vrukshayurveda, Center for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India ; PG Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Shankara Birur
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Eshwarappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, SBMJC, Jain University, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Raman Shanthi
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Research Unit in Vrukshayurveda, Center for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Sundara Rajan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Subbaramaiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S Austin
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies (CET), Jain University, Ramanagara, India.
authors.forename: Bhadrapura Lakkappa
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Dhananjaya
keywords: DPPH; Drug; Gallic acid; Metabolic diseases; Plants; Polyphenols