title: Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity and neo- and paleo-endemism in Australian Acacia.
abstract: Understanding spatial patterns of biodiversity is critical for conservation planning, particularly given rapid habitat loss and human-induced climatic change. Diversity and endemism are typically assessed by comparing species ranges across regions. However, investigation of patterns of species diversity alone misses out on the full richness of patterns that can be inferred using a phylogenetic approach. Here, using Australian Acacia as an example, we show that the application of phylogenetic methods, particularly two new measures, relative phylogenetic diversity and relative phylogenetic endemism, greatly enhances our knowledge of biodiversity across both space and time. We found that areas of high species richness and species endemism are not necessarily areas of high phylogenetic diversity or phylogenetic endemism. We propose a new method called categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism (CANAPE) that allows, for the first time, a clear, quantitative distinction between centres of neo- and paleo-endemism, useful to the conservation decision-making process.
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia [2] University and Jepson Herbaria, and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA.
authors.forename: Brent D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mishler
authors.affiliation: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knerr
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia [2] Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: González-Orozco
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia [2] Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Thornhill
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Shawn W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Laffan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000235:genetics*; D001315:Australia; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011897:Random Allocation