title: The surgeon's perspective: promoting and discouraging factors for choosing a career in surgery as perceived by surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify the factors perceived by surgeons that promote surgery as an attractive or unattractive career choice for today's graduates. In addition, it examined whether the perspectives of surgeons in different professional situations converges. The content of work, contextual work conditions, and calling to this job are discussed in the context of choosing surgery as a career.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred sixty-nine surgeons were asked to answer open-ended questions regarding the factors that promote surgery as an attractive or unattractive career choice for today's graduates. Four hundred ninety-two surgeons participated, and 1,525 statements were analyzed using Mayring's content-analyses method. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences among hierarchical positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With respect to the factors that promote surgery as a profession, 40.8% (209/492) of the surgeons stated that surgery is a calling, 29.1% (149/492) of the surgeons provided at least one argument related to the positive task characteristics, and 12.9% (66/492) of the surgeons provided statements related to the positive contextual factors. With respect to the factors that discourage surgery as a profession, 45.7% (234/492) of the surgeons provided at least one argument related to the discouraging work characteristics, and 67.6% (346/492) of the surgeons provided problematic contextual characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes the importance of the calling to surgery as an important factor for choosing surgery as a career. However, the extensive workload, training, and poor work-family balance have been identified as factors that discourage graduates from choosing surgery as a career. The identified positive factors could be used to attract and maintain graduates in surgical disciplines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Work Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Seelandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Reto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kaderli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Work Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tschan
authors.affiliation: Military Medical Service, Swiss Armed Forces, Ittigen-Bern, Switzerland; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Adrian P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Businger
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D066231:Surgeons / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires