title: Mouse models of altered gonadotrophin action: insight into male reproductive disorders.
abstract: The advent of technologies to genetically manipulate the mouse genome has revolutionised research approaches, providing a unique platform to study the causality of reproductive disorders in vivo. With the relative ease of generating genetically modified (GM) mouse models, the last two decades have yielded multiple loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutation mouse models to explore the role of gonadotrophins and their receptors in reproductive pathologies. This work has provided key insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive disorders with altered gonadotrophin action, revealing the fundamental roles of these pituitary hormones and their receptors in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review will describe GM mouse models of gonadotrophins and their receptors with enhanced or diminished actions, specifically focusing on the male. We will discuss the mechanistic insights gained from these models into male reproductive disorders, and the relationship and understanding provided into male human reproductive disorders originating from altered gonadotrophin action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICETVuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland k.jonas@imperial.ac.uk ilpo.huhtaniemi@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICETVuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Olayiwola O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oduwole
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICETVuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Hellevi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peltoketo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICETVuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Susana B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICETVuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland Department of Surgery and CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKBiocenter OuluUniversity of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICETVuelta de Obligado 2490 (1428), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of PhysiologyUniversity of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland k.jonas@imperial.ac.uk ilpo.huhtaniemi@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ilpo T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Huhtaniemi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010641:Phenotype; D011962:Receptors, FSH / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D011962:Receptors, FSH; D011974:Receptors, LH; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone