title: Photodynamic therapy in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma: A review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past decade there have been sporadic publications on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In the present trend of multi-modal treatment for MPM we aim to evaluate the current status of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of MPM through a review study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original publications in English were the main source of the review and their material analysed in respect of patient and disease characteristics, PDT methods, mortality and morbidity and survival. Ten articles concerned with 230 patients were analysed and 35 other publications relevant to the study were used for reference. In every case PDT was used as an adjuvant to surgery whose role appeared to be a cyto-reductive procedure of debulking, pleurectomy and decortication (DPD) with/without pulmonary resection. PDT methods used two photosensitisers; Photofrin™ [630nm laser light] (6 series=170 patients) or Foscan™ [652nm laser light] (4 series=60 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mortality and morbidity was 7.1% (4.9% for Photofrin™ and 13.3% for Foscan™ PDT) and 48% (38% for Photofrin™ and 70% for Foscan™ PDT) respectively. Better survival was achieved for DPD and early stage disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-operative (IOP) PDT in MPM is a safe procedure that requires more development and work regarding photosensitisers and light distribution systems for use in intra-pleural situations. The role of surgery in IOP-PDT appears to be cyto-reduction to ≤5mm residual tumour thickness in order for PDT to be used effectively. Curative intent may depend on the stage of MPM and completeness of cyto-reduction with/without pulmonary resection.
authors.affiliation: The Yorkshire Laser Centre, Goole & District Hospital, Woodland Avenue, Goole, East Yorkshire DN14 6RX, UK.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moghissi
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dixon