title: Relationships between eating quickly and weight gain in Japanese university students: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between overweight/obesity and eating quickly, but there have been few longitudinal studies to address this relationship in younger populations. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to investigate whether eating quickly was related to being overweight in Japanese university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 1,396 students who underwent a general examination and completed questionnaires at the start of university and before graduation, 1,314 students (676 male and 638 female) of normal body composition [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg m(-2) ] at baseline were included in the analysis. The questionnaires included speed of eating and other lifestyle factors. After a 3-year follow-up, the students whose BMIs were ≥ 25 kg m(-2) were defined as overweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 38 participants (2.9%) became overweight. In the logistic regression analysis, the risk of being overweight was increased in males [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-5.79; P < 0.01] and in those who ate quickly at baseline (OR: 4.40; 95% CI: 2.22-8.75; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eating quickly may predict risk of being overweight in Japanese university students.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakumoto-Kataoka
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult