title: Enclomiphene citrate stimulates testosterone production while preventing oligospermia: a randomized phase II clinical trial comparing topical testosterone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of enclomiphene citrate in men with secondary hypogonadism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase II clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community dwelling men making visits to physician offices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men with secondary hypogonadism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral administration of enclomiphene citrate or 1% topical T gel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Luteinizing hormone, FSH, T, and semen analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with enclomiphene citrate resulted in increased morning serum T, E2, and LH levels similar to those obtained with a topical T gel in men with secondary hypogonadism. Follicle-stimulating hormone and LH were increased with enclomiphene, and sperm counts were conserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enclomiphene citrate reverses the two hallmarks of secondary hypogonadism, namely, low serum total T and low or inappropriately normal LH while preserving sperm production.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01270841 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01270841).
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Repros Therapeutics Inc., Houston, Texas. Electronic address: rwiehle@reprosrx.com.
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wiehle
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Repros Therapeutics Inc., Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Repros Therapeutics Inc., Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wike
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Repros Therapeutics Inc., Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Kuang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Repros Therapeutics Inc., Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nydell
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D064695:Enclomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C013915:boldenone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D064695:Enclomiphene
keywords: Testosterone; hormones; male infertility; semen; testosterone replacement therapy