title: A comparative study on the degradation of gallic acid by Aspergillus oryzae and Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
abstract: Recently, as an emerging persistent dissolved organic pollutant (DOP), gallic acid (GA) and its efficient decomposition methods have received global attention. The present work aimed to compare the effect of Aspergillus oryzae 5992 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium 40719 on degradation of different concentrations of GA. The A. oryzae grew well and achieved a GA removal rate up to 99% in media containing 1-4% GA, much higher than P. chrysosporium. The activity of laccase and lignin peroxidase excreted by A. oryzae was higher than that by P. chrysosporium in the presence of GA. Based on the results of high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, three relevant intermediate metabolites were determined as progallin A, methyl gallate, and pyrogallic acid, implying that A. oryzae could not degrade GA unless the carboxyl in the molecule was protected or removed. In view of the ability of A. oryzae to accommodate a high concentration of GA and achieve a high removal rate, as well as the significantly different enzyme activities involved in GA degradation and the underlying mechanisms between the two fungal strains, A. oryzae is proven to be a superior strain for the degradation of DOP.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Danzhao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Agro-Production Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China E-mail: zhangtamei@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Alphay Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Nantong 226009, China.
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Alphay Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Nantong 226009, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Keping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000737:chemistry; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000378:metabolism*; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011748:Pyrogallol; C052082:methyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase