title: Impact of processing on the bioavailability and vascular effects of blueberry (poly)phenols.
abstract: METHODS
  Blueberries are a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Currently, little information is available regarding the impact of processing on the bioavailability and the bioactivity of blueberry (poly)phenols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomized, controlled crossover trial, ten healthy volunteers consumed (a) blueberry-containing baked products, (b) an unprocessed blueberry drink containing the same amount of freeze-dried blueberry powder as used in the baked products, and (c) matched control baked products. Endothelial function was measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma samples taken at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postconsumption. Although processing did not significantly change the total (poly)phenolic amount, the processed products contained significantly less anthocyanins (-42%), more chlorogenic acid (23%), no flavanol nonamers or decamers, and significantly more flavanol dimers and trimers (36% and 28%, respectively). FMD increased after 1, 2, and 6 h consumption of the baked products to a similar degree as the unprocessed blueberries, despite significant differences in the levels of individual plasma metabolites. No changes were observed after the consumption of the control product.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful processing can preserve important biological activities of blueberries despite changing the blueberry (poly)phenol composition and plasma metabolite profile.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mateos
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Pino-García
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vidal-Diez
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: Jeremy P E
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001916:Brachial Artery; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005511:Food Handling; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014664:Vasodilation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: (Poly)phenols; Blueberry; Endothelial function; Processing; Vascular function