title: Changes in distressing behavior perceived by family of persons with schizophrenia at home - 25 years later.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenia disorders as well as their symptoms cause distress to the family members or caregivers, which may cause poor quality of life. However, there have been advances in management, which could possibly alter this family distress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there was any change in the perception of distressful symptoms of schizophrenia, by the family members, now, 25 years after the initial studies in the same centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six consecutive and consenting new cases diagnosed as schizophrenia were administered the Scale for Assessment of Family Distress to identify the amount of distress caused by each of the symptoms reported. These findings were then compared with those reported by 50 patients, 25 years earlier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms like does not do work and earn, does not sleep, and does not do household tasks were reported as the commonest distressing symptoms in both the samples, however, in the 1988 sample, negative symptoms like, slow in doing things, social withdrawal and has few leisure interests, were the commonest, in the present sample behavioral symptoms like beats and assaults others, threatens, is abusive and talks nonsense were the commonest distressing symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relatives of patients with schizophrenia suffer from considerable amount of distress and burden. There are some changes in the type of behaviours considered distressful in the current period. Assessing family distress is helpful in providing support to caregivers of persons with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ameer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mahendra P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Expressed emotions; QOL; family distress; mental illness; schizophrenia