title: Quantitative PCR analysis of Mycoplasma suis shedding patterns during experimental infection.
abstract: The uncultivable hemotrophic bacterium Mycoplasma suis causes infectious anemia in pigs worldwide. The mechanisms by which M. suis is transmitted from pig to pig are largely unknown. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating urine, feces, saliva, nasal and vaginal secrets as well as environmental samples for the presence of M. suis DNA to get insights into potential transmission routes. Seven pigs were experimentally infected with M. suis KI3806. Samples were taken for 8 days post infection (p.i.). A quantitative LightCycler msg1 PCR was used to detect and quantify M. suis. Shedding was found in saliva as well as nasal and vaginal secrets from day 6 p.i. on with a quantity of 3.4 × 10(2) to 2.7 × 10(5)M. suis/swab. In urine M. suis DNA could be detected in 100.0% of the samples from day 6 p.i. on with a quantity of 4.7 × 10(2) to 6.3 × 10(5)M. suis per mL. When shedding patterns were correlated to the median bacterial blood loads shedding was observed at loads of 2.0 × 10(9)-7.0 × 10(10)M. suis per mL blood. No M. suis DNA could be amplified from feces. Dust and water samples of the pig drinking troughs were positive for M. suis on days 2 and 6 post infection, air samples were M. suis-negative throughout the experiment. Our results indicate that blood independent direct transmission as well as indirect transmission via environmental contamination could play a role in the epidemiology of M. suis infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine (with Animal Clinic), University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine (with Animal Clinic), University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah-Lena
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoelzle
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine (with Animal Clinic), University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jannasch
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritzmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine (with Animal Clinic), University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: ludwig.hoelzle@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Ludwig E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hoelzle
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D057138:Bacterial Shedding; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000145:classification*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Epidemiology; Hemotrophic mycoplasma; Mycoplasma suis; Quantitative PCR; Shedding routes