title: Complexity and demographic explanations of cumulative culture.
abstract: Formal models have linked prehistoric and historical instances of technological change (e.g., the Upper Paleolithic transition, cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania, scientific progress since the late nineteenth century) to demographic change. According to these models, cumulation of technological complexity is inhibited by decreasing--while favoured by increasing--population levels. Here we show that these findings are contingent on how complexity is defined: demography plays a much more limited role in sustaining cumulative culture in case formal models deploy Herbert Simon's definition of complexity rather than the particular definitions of complexity hitherto assumed. Given that currently available empirical evidence doesn't afford discriminating proper from improper definitions of complexity, our robustness analyses put into question the force of recent demographic explanations of particular episodes of cultural change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Decision Sciences (SDS), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Querbes
authors.affiliation: School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Krist
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaesen
authors.affiliation: School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wybo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Houkes
mesh_terms: D003468:Cultural Evolution; D003469:Culture; D003710:Demography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011153:Population; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013648:Tasmania; D013672:Technology