title: Two-layer fragile watermarking method secured with chaotic map for authentication of digital Holy Quran.
abstract: This paper presents a novel watermarking method to facilitate the authentication and detection of the image forgery on the Quran images. Two layers of embedding scheme on wavelet and spatial domain are introduced to enhance the sensitivity of fragile watermarking and defend the attacks. Discrete wavelet transforms are applied to decompose the host image into wavelet prior to embedding the watermark in the wavelet domain. The watermarked wavelet coefficient is inverted back to spatial domain then the least significant bits is utilized to hide another watermark. A chaotic map is utilized to blur the watermark to make it secure against the local attack. The proposed method allows high watermark payloads, while preserving good image quality. Experiment results confirm that the proposed methods are fragile and have superior tampering detection even though the tampered area is very small.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence Information Assurance, King Saud University, P.O. Box 92144, Riyadh 11653, Saudi Arabia ; IT Research Center for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences (NOOR), Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence Information Assurance, King Saud University, P.O. Box 92144, Riyadh 11653, Saudi Arabia ; IT Research Center for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences (NOOR), Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fajri
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1609-1042
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kurniawan
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence Information Assurance, King Saud University, P.O. Box 92144, Riyadh 11653, Saudi Arabia ; IT Research Center for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences (NOOR), Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Khurram
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: IT Research Center for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences (NOOR), Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yasser M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Alginahi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003196:Computer Graphics / Q000592:standards; D044962:Data Compression / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D058067:Wavelet Analysis