title: Combined usage of estrogen and melatonin restores bladder contractility and reduces kidney and bladder damage in ovariectomized and pinealectomized rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of urinary bladder disturbances and renal structural changes and functional decline are found to increase with age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of melatonin treatment in addition to estrogen replacement therapy in pinealectomized (Px) and ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. 56 female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, each containing eight animals: Sham, (Ovx), (Px), Px+Ovx, Px+Ovx receiving estrogen (Px+Ovx+E), Px+Ovx receiving melatonin (Px+Ovx+M) and Px+Ovx estrogen and melatonin supplemented (Px+Ovx+EM) group (EM group). We evaluated reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The mean collagen fiber (CF)/smooth muscle (SM) ratio in the bladder wall and structure of the kidney were examined histolologically. We also recorded response of the bladder contractility to acetylcholine (Ach).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Px and Ovx groups showed statistically significant reductions of antioxidant defenses, impaired Ach-evoked contraction, histological changes compared with the control group. Also, these changes were prominent in Px+Ovx group compared with all other groups. Both estrogen and melatonin reversed these changes however best restoration was observed in the EM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Px performed in addition to Ovx led to a distinct increase in oxidative damage in bladder and renal tissue and deteriorate of the detrussor function. Either estradiol or melatonin replacement alone or in combination prevents significant alterations of tissue histology and bladder contractility following Ovx and Px. Thus, combination treatment appears to be the best method to restore both contractility and histomorphology of bladder and kidney tissues after Ovx and Px (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 44).
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tasdemir
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tasdemir
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parlakpinar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aglamis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008550:Melatonin