title: A multi-biomarker risk assessment of the impact of brominated flame retardant-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) on the antioxidant system of earthworm Eisenia fetida.
abstract: Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is the major contaminant at e-waste recycling sites (EWRSs), and its potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. However, the impacts of BDE209 on the antioxidant defense system in terrestrial organisms remain vague. Therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed systematically on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the effects of BDE209 on the antioxidant system of earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results showed that compared to the controls, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all treated groups were elevated significantly after 21 and 28 days exposure; catalase (CAT) activities were much higher in all tests during the entire exposure period; peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities generally decreased and indicated contrary response trend; the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) after exposure to low level of BDE209 (1 mg kg(-1)) was induced, whereas at 10 and 100 mg kg(-1) concentrations it showed suppression status; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra suggested that hydroxyl radicals (OH) in earthworms were significantly induced by BDE209; the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) might lead to cellular lipid peroxidation in earthworms. The results of these observations suggested that severe oxidative stress occurred in E. fetida, and it may play an important role in inducing the BDE209 toxicity to earthworms.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. Electronic address: wzhang@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Kuangfei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Rongbing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; BDE209; Eisenia fetida; Hydroxyl radical; Lipid peroxidation