title: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck outside the oropharynx is rarely human papillomavirus related.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven disease beyond the oropharynx varies greatly in the reported literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-one samples were strictly classified to the subsites of oral cavity, larynx, or hypopharynx at the time of primary surgery. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were subjected to a validated, tiered, diagnostic algorithm of p16 immunohistochemistry, high-risk HPV in situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for HPV E6 DNA. An additional 60 oropharyngeal cases acted as an internal biological control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An incidence of 4% of HPV-driven cases was observed across the subsites outside the oropharynx compared to 70% of tumors confined within it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first reporting of a broad range of nonoropharyngeal HPV rates using this validated diagnostic algorithm. It remains unclear whether patients with HPV-driven disease originating outside the oropharynx enjoy the same survival advantage apparent in those patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 Laryngoscope, 124:2739-2744, 2014.
authors.affiliation: Mersey Head and Neck Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Navdeep S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Upile
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Terry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goodyear
authors.forename: Triantafillos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liloglou
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Risk
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheard
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schache
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009960:Oropharynx; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Oral; human papillomavirus; hypopharyngeal; incidence; laryngeal; squamous cell carcinoma