title: Association between infant swimming and rhinovirus-induced wheezing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infant swimming has been considered as a risk factor for wheezing, but the role that respiratory viruses play is unclear. We explored the effects of infant swimming on the risk of all wheezing illnesses and wheezing associated with rhinoviruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed up a birth cohort of 1827 children until 17 months of age, collecting data on infant swimming, other risk factors and physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing. Viral diagnostics were performed in a subset of children with all respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on infant swimming were obtained for 1038 children, with viral follow-up for 635 children. At least one wheezing illness was documented in 45/469 (9.6%) swimming children versus 39/569 (6.9%) nonswimming children (p = 0.11), and rhinoviruses were associated with wheezing in 11/296 (3.7%) swimming children versus 4/339 (1.2%) nonswimming children (p = 0.04). In adjusted logistic regression analyses, swimming had an odds ratio of 1.71 (p = 0.05) for bronchiolitis and 3.57 (p = 0.06) for rhinovirus-associated wheezing. An association between infant swimming and rhinovirus-associated wheezing was detected for children with atopic eczema (p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may be a link between infant swimming and rhinovirus-induced wheezing illnesses in atopic infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Linnea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schuez-Havupalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Sinikka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karppinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toivonen
authors.affiliation: Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaljonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jartti
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waris
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peltola
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus; D012307:Risk Factors; D013550:Swimming
keywords: Bronchiolitis; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory tract infection; Rhinovirus; Wheeze