title: Light-stable bis(norharmane)silver(I) compounds: synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative effects in cancer cells.
abstract: Four different-anion Ag(I) compounds with the ligand norharmane (9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole; Hnor) and having the general formula [Ag(Hnor)2](anion) (anion=ClO4(-), NO3(-) and BF4(-)) [Ag(Hnor)2(MeCN)](PF6) are reported, and studied in detail regarding their coordination mode and in vitro antiproliferative effects. X-ray structural analysis revealed that the complex with the PF6(-) anion has a MeCN solvent molecule weakly coordinated to Ag(I), making the metal coordination T-shaped, while the other compounds present the classical linear Ag(I) coordination. The compounds showed certain cell growth inhibitory effects in two different cancer cell lines, with the perchlorate containing complex being the most toxic and in fact comparable to cisplatin. Notably, the compounds are stable in visible light; and the luminescence in the solid state was found to be extremely weak, whereas in MeOH solution all compounds show a moderate to weak emission band at 375 nm, when excited at 290 nm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rais
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmad Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Farhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsalme
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghazzali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Reedijk@chem.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reedijk
mesh_terms: D002243:Carbolines; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006247:Harmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D012834:Silver; D006247:Harmine; C010262:norharman
keywords: 9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole; Antiproliferative properties; Linear geometry; Luminescence; Silver(I) complexes; Single crystal X-ray diffraction