title: Experiences with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in Turkish women based on roy adaptation model: a content analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This qualitative study aimed to explore how Turkish women experience nausea and vomiting in pregnancy based on the Roy Adaptation Model.
  
  
  METHODS
  To collect data, in-depth interviews were undertaken with 35 pregnant women who had nausea and vomiting. The sample of the study included pregnant women who were in their first 12 weeks of gestation, did not have medical problems and had nausea, retching and/or vomiting for at least the last 3 days. Data were collected in semi-structured interview form based on the Roy Adaptation Model and with a background data sheet. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were classified into four adaptive modes according to the Roy Adaptation Model. The behaviors in the physiological mode were nausea, vomiting, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, inadequate nutrition, inguinal pain, burning sensation and irritation in the throat, ketosis, and urinary incontinence. The behaviors in the self-concept mode were feeling weak, crying, inadequate self-care, changes in sexual intercourse, and social isolation. The behaviors in the role function mode were being unable to fulfill the responsibilities at home and work. The behaviors in the interdependence mode were dissatisfaction with relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings help nursing staff detect the stimuli and the behaviors of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Further research may evaluate the impact of a counseling program prepared under the guidance of a nursing model on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetric Nursing, School of Health, Nigde University, Niğde, Turkey. Electronic address: gozdegokce@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gözde Gökçe
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Isbir
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Samiye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mete
keywords: nausea; nursing theory; pregnancy complications; qualitative research; vomiting