title: Renal phosphate transporters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phosphate homeostasis is tightly controlled by the coordinated activity of bone, kidney, intestine, and parathyroid gland. The renal phosphate transporters have emerged as key regulators of both total body phosphate homeostasis and serum phosphate concentration. This review focuses on the latest updates in phosphate transport and transporters with an emphasis on renal phosphate transporters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structure function analysis of type II sodium phosphate cotransporters has revealed motifs with significant similarity to those seen in other sodium-coupled solute transporters, identifying key amino acid residues important for solute binding and transport. Previously unidentified regulators of these transporters have been found, although their physiologic significance and interaction with more traditional regulators have not been established. Type II and type III sodium phosphate cotransporters play critical roles in bone, choroid plexus, and vascular physiology and pathophysiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing knowledge of structure function relationships for sodium phosphate cotransporters, as well as greater appreciation for the complexity of their regulation and role in renal and nonrenal tissue, brings the promise of newer, more specific treatments for disorders of phosphate homeostasis.
  http://links.lww.com/CONH/A10.
authors.affiliation: aMedical Services, Robley Rex VA Medical Center bKidney Disease Program, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lederer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050610:Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D050610:Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II