title: Pleiotropic molecules in axon regeneration and neuroinflammation.
abstract: Neuroinflammation is the foremost defense reaction of the nervous system to most if not all insults. Injuries to the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS) are followed by immediate activation of innate immune cells and infiltration of peripheral immune cells, amid waves of upregulation of numerous inflammatory mediators. Prolonged inflammation can lead to secondary tissue damage and prohibit regeneration of the injured nervous system. The regulation of inflammation and neuroregeneration are orchestrated through a complex network of signal transduction. Interestingly, many molecules play pleiotropic roles in both processes. Growing evidence implicates a handful of axon regeneration regulators in the processes of neuroinflammation, among which are the myelin and glial scar associated axon growth inhibitors and their axonal receptors. In this article, we will review the roles of these canonical axon regeneration regulators in neuroinflammation.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44121, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44121, USA.
authors.forename: Angela R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Filous
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ngan Pan Bennett
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chi Him Eddie
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: yingjie.shen@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Axon regeneration; Myelin-associated inhibitors and receptors; Neuroinflammation; Proteoglycans