title: Placental immune response to apple allergen in allergic mothers.
abstract: The immunological milieu in the placenta may be crucial for priming the developing foetal immune system. Early imbalances may promote the establishment of immune-mediated diseases in later life, including allergies. The initial exposure to allergens seems to occur in utero, but little is known about allergen-induced placental cytokine and chemokine release. The release of several cytokines and chemokines from placenta tissue after exposure to mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 or apple allergen in placentas from allergic and healthy mothers was to be analysed. Four placentas from women with apple allergy and three controls were applied in a placental perfusion model with two separate cotyledons simultaneously perfused with and without apple allergen (Mal d 1). Two control placentas were perfused with compound 48/80. In outflow, histamine was quantified spectrophotofluorometrically, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-γ by a cytometric multiplex bead array and IL-13 and CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL17 and CCL22 with an in-house multiplex Luminex assay. Compound 48/80 induced a rapid release of histamine, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL17 and CCL22, but not of the other factors. Apple allergen induced a time-dependent release of IL-6 and TNF, but not of histamine, in placentas of women with apple allergy compared with the unstimulated cotyledon. CCL17 levels were slightly increased after allergen stimulation in control placentas. Allergens can induce placental cytokines and chemokines distinctly in allergic and healthy mothers. These mediators may affect the prenatal development of the immune system and modify the risk of diseases related to immune disorders in childhood such as allergies.
authors.affiliation: Placenta Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany; Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Division of Inflammation Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martina Sandberg
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abelius
authors.affiliation: Placenta Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Enke
authors.affiliation: Placenta Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Varosi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.affiliation: Placenta Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schleussner
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Division of Inflammation Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jenmalm
authors.affiliation: Placenta Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, D-07740 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: markert@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Udo R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Markert
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D027845:Malus / Q000276:immunology*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009035:Mothers; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000276:immunology; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D003189:p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine
keywords: Allergy; Chemokines; Cytokines; Ex vivo placental perfusion; Histamine; Placenta