title: Chew on this: reducing postoperative ileus with chewing gum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative ileus (POI), a common postoperative complication, increases length of stay and costs. Although bowel rest and delayed oral intake were once thought to help prevent POI, newer evidence shows that chewing gum can be beneficial. METHODS--LITERATURE SEARCH: The literature was searched for the terms ileus, gum, chewing, and gum chewing for 2006 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  All prospective randomized controlled trials comparing gum chewing in adults with a control treatment after abdominal surgery (except cesarean section) were included; an outcome measure was required as a dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven primary research studies from around the world were gathered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all studies, patients in the gum-chewing experimental group both passed flatus and defecated before those in the non-gum-chewing control group. Where length of stay was studied, patients in all but one experimental group were in the hospital for less time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These included small sample sizes, lack of blinding in all but one study, differences in standards of care among hospitals and countries represented, unspecified types of gum, and variable timing and frequency of gum chewing among studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who chewed gum postoperatively had less POI, passed flatus sooner, had an earlier bowel movement and a shorter length of stay, and were more satisfied. Gum chewing is recommended as adjunctive therapy to reduce postoperative POI.
authors.affiliation: Sofia Wronski is a nurse practitioner in a trauma/surgical critical care advanced practice fellowship at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pa.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wronski
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D006801:Humans; D045823:Ileus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum