title: Embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract with N-butyl cyanoacrylate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and feasibility of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (N-BCA) embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract and to establish an appropriate technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic portal venous intervention for various reasons. Embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract was performed after the procedure in all of the patients using N-BCA and Lipiodol® (Lipiodol Ultra Fluide; Laboratoire Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) mixture. Immediate ultrasonography and fluoroscopy were performed to evaluate perihepatic haematoma formation and unintended embolization of more than one segmental portal vein. Follow-up CT was performed, and haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were checked to evaluate the presence of bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate haemostasis was achieved in all of the patients, without development of perihepatic haematoma or unintended embolization of more than one segmental portal vein. Complete embolization of percutaneous access tract was confirmed in 39 out of 40 patients by CT. Seven patients showed decreased haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. Other complications included mild pain at the site of embolization and mild fever, which resolved after conservative management. 16 patients died during the follow-up period owing to progression of the underlying disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolization of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein access tract with N-BCA is feasible and technically safe. With the appropriate technique, N-BCA can be safely used as an alternate embolic material since it is easy to use and inexpensive compared with other embolic materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to investigate the efficacy of N-BCA for percutaneous transhepatic portal venous access tract embolization.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D004659:Enbucrilate