title: Sleep complaints in older blacks: do demographic and health indices explain poor sleep quality and duration?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between measures of sleep quality and the presence of commonly encountered comorbid and sociodemographic conditions in elderly Black subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses included participants from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging (BSBA; n = 450; mean age 71.43 years; SD 9.21). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) measured overall sleep pattern and quality. Self-reported and objective measures of physical and mental health data and demographic information were collected for all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sociodemographic and comorbid health factors were significantly associated with sleep quality. Results from regression analyses revealed that older age, current financial strain, interpersonal problems, and stress were unique predictors of worse sleep quality. Sleep duration was significantly correlated with age, depressive affect, interpersonal problems, and stress; only age was a unique significant predictor. While participants 62 years or younger had worse sleep quality with increasing levels of stress, there was no significant relationship between sleep quality and stress for participants 81 years and older.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several potential mechanisms may explain poor sleep in urban, community dwelling Blacks. Perceived stressors, including current financial hardship or hardship experienced for an extended time period throughout the lifespan, may influence sleep later in life.
authors.affiliation: School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL ; National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Alyssa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gamaldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Charlene E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gamaldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Allaire
authors.affiliation: Center on Biobehavioral Health Disparities, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Adrienne T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Aiken-Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szanton
authors.affiliation: Center on Biobehavioral Health Disparities, Duke University, Durham, NC ; Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Whitfield
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Blacks; demographics; health; sleep duration; sleep quality