title: Two-dimensional measurement of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in children: can it substitute for an m-mode assessment?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion measured by M-mode (MM-TAPSE) has been validated as a marker of right ventricular systolic performance. A similar measurement by 2D imaging (2D-TAPSE) can be obtained. We sought to determine the correlation and strength of agreement between MM-TAPSE and 2D-TAPSE in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiographic studies performed for clinical indications were reviewed retrospectively. All consecutive subjects ≤18 years of age were included. The cohort was divided into those with normal echocardiographic findings and those with disorders affecting the right ventricle. Digitally recorded images were analyzed for both MM-TAPSE and 2D-TAPSE. Measurements of 2D-TAPSE were made in an apical four-chamber view, from the tricuspid valve annulus to a consistent point at the apex of the imaging sector at end-diastole and end-systole, with the difference representing the 2D-TAPSE value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 329 subjects (mean age 9.0 ± 6.1 years) met entry criteria. Correlation coefficient between MM-TAPSE and 2D-TAPSE was 0.90. Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement between the two methods to be within 1.2 ± 2.6 mm (mean percentage difference of 6.5%). About 1 mm difference between MM-TAPSE and 2D-TAPSE was consistently observed in all diagnostic subgroups, and across all age categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MM-TAPSE and 2D-TAPSE correlate strongly, with 2D-TAPSE being consistently about 1 mm less than values obtained by the M-mode technique. We conclude that 2D-TAPSE can provide a reliable alternative to MM-TAPSE to quantitatively measure right ventricular systolic function and may be especially useful in situations where retrospective comparisons are sought.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Muhammad Yasir
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Eidem
authors.forename: Chelsea L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: O'Leary
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: TAPSE; pediatric echocardiography; right ventricular function