title: Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort.
abstract: Suboptimal intakes of the micronutrient selenium (Se) are found in many parts of Europe. Low Se status may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We assessed Se status by measuring serum levels of Se and Selenoprotein P (SePP) and examined the association with CRC risk in a nested case-control design (966 CRC cases; 966 matched controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Se was measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and SePP by immunoluminometric sandwich assay. Multivariable incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Respective mean Se and SePP levels were 84.0 μg/L and 4.3 mg/L in cases and 85.6 μg/L and 4.4 mg/L in controls. Higher Se concentrations were associated with a non-significant lower CRC risk (IRR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03 per 25 μg/L increase). However, sub-group analyses by sex showed a statistically significant association for women (p(trend) = 0.032; per 25 μg/L Se increase, IRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) but not for men. Higher SePP concentrations were inversely associated with CRC risk (p(trend) = 0.009; per 0.806 mg/L increase, IRR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) with the association more apparent in women (p(trend) = 0.004; IRR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94 per 0.806 mg/L increase) than men (p(trend) = 0.485; IRR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12 per 0.806 mg/L increase). The findings indicate that Se status is suboptimal in many Europeans and suggest an inverse association between CRC risk and higher serum Se status, which is more evident in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Medical Physics & Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 31A York Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fedirko
authors.forename: Mazda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenab
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schomburg
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authors.lastname: Méplan
authors.forename: Heinz
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authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.forename: H B as
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hybsier
authors.forename: Niels-Peter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czuban
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Malene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Outzen
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Antoine
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authors.forename: Nadia
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authors.forename: Tilman
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authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Pagona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Engeset
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dagrun
authors.forename: Maria-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: Maria-Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ljuslinder
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wennberg
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naccarati
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Jose Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepien
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Talita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duarte-Salles
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hesketh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D051149:Selenoprotein P / Q000097:blood*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051149:Selenoprotein P; D012643:Selenium
keywords: colorectal neoplasms; prospective cohort; selenium; selenium status; selenoprotein P