title: Visual screening of muscle ultrasound images in children.
abstract: In children, non-invasive muscle ultrasound (MU) imaging has become increasingly important for the detection of neuromuscular pathology, by either quantitative or visual assessment. MU quantification requires time, expertise and equipment. If application of visual MU screening provides reliable results, ubiquitous application could be advocated. Previously, we found that visual MU screening can reliably detect segmental neuromuscular alterations within a patient. Analogously, we reasoned that visual MU screening could discern pathologic MU images from healthy controls. We therefore investigated visual screening results by 20 clinical observers (involving 100 MU images, with [n = 53] and without [n = 47] neuromuscular pathology). MU screening revealed adequate sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value (85%, 75% and 82%, respectively). MU-experienced observers revealed higher specificity than MU-inexperienced observers (86% vs. 69%, p = 0.005). We conclude that clinical observers can identify neuromuscular pathology by visual screening. To enhance specificity, a secondary view by an expert appears advisory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brandsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renate J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Natasha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Maurits
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Hoeven
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oebele F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilfred F A
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: den Dunnen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Huibert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: D.A.Sival@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sival
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Inhomogeneity; Muscle; Muscle echo-density; Neuromuscular pathology; Ultrasound