title: Carotenoid biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms in plants.
abstract: Carotenoids are bioactive compounds with remarkably special properties produced by plants in response to internal and external stresses. In this review paper, we focus on the subject of carotenoid biosynthesis and several factors that have been reported to significantly enhance or reduce carotenoid accumulation in studied plant species. These factors include varietal aspects, location, growing season, and type of stress experienced by a plant. In addition, we propose that there are three stress resistance mechanisms in plants: avoidance, tolerance, and acclimation. Better understanding of the environmental factors affecting carotenoid biosynthesis will help researchers to develop methods for enhancing the production of carotenoids and other pigments to desired concentrations in plant crops.
authors.affiliation: International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Herbarium Unit, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environment Design, International Islamic University Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rashidi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: Fatimah Azzahra
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mohd Zaifuddin
authors.forename: Norazian Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004777:Environment; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D002338:Carotenoids; C005613:violaxanthin