title: Situation awareness recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a novel concept, situation awareness recovery (SAR), and we identify perceptual and cognitive processes that characterize SAR.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Situation awareness (SA) is typically described in terms of perceiving relevant elements of the environment, comprehending how those elements are integrated into a meaningful whole, and projecting that meaning into the future. Yet SA fluctuates during the time course of a task making it important to understand the process by which SA is recovered after it is degraded.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated SAR using different types of interruptions to degrade SA. In Experiment I, participants watched short videos of an operator performing a supervisory control task, and then the participants were either interrupted or not interrupted, after which SA was assessed using a questionnaire. In Experiment 2, participants performed a supervisory control task in which they guided vehicles to their respective targets and either experienced an interruption, during which they performed a visual search task in a different panel, or were not interrupted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SAR processes we identified included shorter fixation durations, increased number of objects scanned, longer resumption lags, and a greater likelihood of refixating on objects that were previously looked at.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We interpret these findings in terms of the memory-for-goals model, which suggests that SAR consists of increased scanning in order to compensate for decay, and previously viewed cues act as associative primes that reactivate memory traces of goals and plans.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gartenberg
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breslow
authors.forename: J Malcolm
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCurry
authors.forename: J Greg
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Trafton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult