title: Sanguinarine non- versus re-circulation during isolated heart perfusion--a Jekyll and Hyde effect?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In isolated rat heart perfusion experiments, drug administration occurs via retrograde perfusion. This can be done in the non-recirculating mode (coronary effluent is discarded), or recirculating mode (coronary effluent is collected and reused). It was recently observed in our lab while using sanguinarine, an MKP-1 inhibitor, that there were differences in outcomes depending on the mode of recirculation used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearts from control (C); diet-induced obese (DIO) Wistar rats and their age matched controls (AMC) were perfused on the rig. Hearts received buffer (control) , insulin, sanguinarine, insulin + sanguinarine combination or methanol (vehicle) for 15 mins pre- and 10 mins post-ischemia in either a non- or re-circulating manner. Hearts were subjected to 15 mins global ischemia and 30 mins reperfusion. Mechanical function was documented pre- and post-ischemia . When not-recirculated , sanguinarine alone and in combination with insulin in C, DIO and AMC groups, caused a significant decrease in functional recovery during reperfusion. However, when the coronary effluent was recirculated, hearts perfused with sanguinarine or sanguinarine + insulin exhibited a significant recovery in function when compared with their non-recirculation counterparts (p < 0.01). No differences were seen with either control, insulin nor vehicle hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sanguinarine elicited a vast improvement in perfusion outcomes when recirculated compared to non-recirculation . Since this was seen during perfusion only when sanguinarine was present, it is possible that recirculating reperfusion of the drug caused profound changes in its composition. More investigation is needed into the mechanisms involved. Thus caution should be exercised by researchers when designing a perfusion protocol for drug research.
authors.affiliation: University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa, iwebster@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lochner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huisamen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007546:Isoquinolines; C005705:sanguinarine