title: Lung cancer in never-smokers: a case-control study in a radon-prone area (Galicia, Spain).
abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of residential radon exposure on the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and to ascertain if environmental tobacco smoke modifies the effect of residential radon. We designed a multicentre hospital-based case-control study in a radon-prone area (Galicia, Spain). All participants were never-smokers. Cases had an anatomopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer and controls were recruited from individuals undergoing minor, non-oncological surgery. Residential radon was measured using alpha track detectors. We included 521 individuals, 192 cases and 329 controls, 21% were males. We observed an odds ratio of 2.42 (95% CI 1.45-4.06) for individuals exposed to ≥200 Bq·m(-3) compared with those exposed to <100 Bq·m(-3). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home increased lung cancer risk in individuals with radon exposure>200 Bq·m(-3). Individuals exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and to radon concentrations>200 Bq·m(-3) had higher lung cancer risk than those exposed to lower radon concentrations and exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Residential radon increases lung cancer risk in never-smokers. An association between residential radon exposure and environmental tobacco smoke on the risk of lung cancer might exist.
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology. University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Durán
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Spain alberto.ruano@usc.es.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruano-Ravina
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, Ourense Hospital Complex, Spain.
authors.forename: Isaura
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parente-Lamelas
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology. University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leiro-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, Ourense Hospital Complex, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abal-Arca
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montero-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Service of Oncology, Pontevedra Hospital Complex, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pena-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, Santiago de Compostela University Clinic Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: González-Barcala
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Olalla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castro-Añón
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, Santiago de Compostela University Clinic Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golpe-Gómez
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Silicosis, University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo. Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mejuto-Martí
authors.affiliation: Service of Pneumology. University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Villar
authors.affiliation: Dept of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Spain Service of Preventive Medicine. University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barros-Dios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011886:Radon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D011886:Radon