title: Toxicity of parasporin-4 and health effects of pro-parasporin-4 diet in mice.
abstract: Parasporin-4 (PS4) is an aerolysin-type β-pore-forming toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strain A1470. It exhibits specific cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines; therefore, it is expected to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of particular types of cancer cells. We examined the acute toxicity of PS4 on ICR mice. The LD50 value was 160 μg/kg by a subcutaneous route. Potassium, ammonium, magnesium ion, creatinine, and urea nitrogen decreased in urine by the injection of PS4. Simultaneously, creatinine and urea nitrogen in mice serum increased. These results imply that PS4 impairs kidney function in mice. PS4 is obtained from Pro-parasporin-4 (ProPS4) by processing, and ProPS4 is produced by recombinant Escherichia coli as the inclusion body. The inclusion body of ProPS4 can be solubilized in a weak acid solution and activated by pepsin, implying that it would be solubilized and activated in the stomach of mammals after oral administration. Thus, the influence of the oral administration of it by C57BL/6J mice was examined. Although ProPS4 was activated to PS4 in the mouse digestive tract, any serious health hazard was not observed and there was no significant difference in body weight change.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, 1465-5 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan. sokumura@fitc.pref.fukuoka.jp.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan. hirokoga@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. inouye@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kuniyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inouye
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, 1465-5 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan. emizuki@fitc.pref.fukuoka.jp.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mizuki
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D002479:Inclusion Bodies; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C559658:parasporin-4, Bacillus thuringiensis; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium