title: Late Eocene to early Oligocene quantitative paleotemperature record: evidence from continental halite fluid inclusions.
abstract: Climate changes within Cenozoic extreme climate events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the First Oligocene Glacial provide good opportunities to estimate the global climate trends in our present and future life. However, quantitative paleotemperatures data for Cenozoic climatic reconstruction are still lacking, hindering a better understanding of the past and future climate conditions. In this contribution, quantitative paleotemperatures were determined by fluid inclusion homogenization temperature (Th) data from continental halite of the first member of the Shahejie Formation (SF1; probably late Eocene to early Oligocene) in Bohai Bay Basin, North China. The primary textures of the SF1 halite typified by cumulate and chevron halite suggest halite deposited in a shallow saline water and halite Th can serve as an temperature proxy. In total, one-hundred-twenty-one Th data from primary and single-phase aqueous fluid inclusions with different depths were acquired by the cooling nucleation method. The results show that all Th range from 17.7°C to 50.7°C,with the maximum homogenization temperatures (ThMAX) of 50.5°C at the depth of 3028.04 m and 50.7°C at 3188.61 m, respectively. Both the ThMAX presented here are significantly higher than the highest temperature recorded in this region since 1954 and agree with global temperature models for the year 2100 predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Land and Resource (MLR) Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy Of Geological Sciences (CAGS), Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yan-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Land and Resource (MLR) Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy Of Geological Sciences (CAGS), Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Land and Resource (MLR) Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy Of Geological Sciences (CAGS), Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Bao-kun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Land and Resource (MLR) Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy Of Geological Sciences (CAGS), Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Li-chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Land and Resource (MLR) Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy Of Geological Sciences (CAGS), Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Li-cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang