title: Inflammatory markers and adipocytokine responses to exercise training and detraining in men who are obese.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of nonlinear resistance training (NRT) and aerobic interval training (AIT), and detraining on selected inflammatory markers in men who are middle aged and obese. Subjects first were matched by aerobic capacity, age, and percentage body fat and then randomly assigned to NRT (n = 12), AIT (n = 10) and, control (CON, n = 11) groups. The experimental groups performed 3 weekly sessions for 12 weeks followed by a 4-week detraining period. Nonlinear resistance training consisted of 40-65 minutes of weight training with flexible periodization. Aerobic interval training consisted of running on a treadmill (4 × 4 minutes at 80-90% maximal heart rate, with 3-minute recovery intervals). Compared with CON, serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) did not significantly change after training, but adiponectin (ADPN) increased significantly only with AIT (5.09 ± 2.29 vs. 4.36 ± 0.84 μg·ml). No significant changes in CRP and TNF-α occurred in both training groups after detraining, but ADPN (NRT: 3.6 ± 1.2 and AIT: 3.4 ± 1.7 vs. CON: 4.7 ± 1.2 μg·ml) and IL-6 (NRT: 5.8 ± 3.3 and AIT: 5.5 ± 2.9 vs. CON: 2.3 ± 1.2 pg·ml) worsened significantly. Both the AIT and NRT were equally effective at reducing soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (NRT: 187.2 ± 117.5 and AIT: 215.2 ± 142.4 vs. CON: 416.2 ± 205.9 ng·ml) and insulin (NRT: 4.0 ± 1.0 and AIT: 4.8 ± 2.7 vs. CON: 7.4 ± 3.0 μU·ml) levels, but these variables returned to the pretraining levels after detraining. The practical applications are that both the AIT and NRT and detraining had similar effects on most inflammatory markers in men who are obese, but the AIT seems to have better anti-inflammatory effects (as indicated by ADPN) compared with NRT.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran; 2Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; 3Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; and 4Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikseresht
authors.forename: Nourkhoda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadeghifard
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agha-Alinejad
authors.forename: Khosrow
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075982:Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D011897:Random Allocation; D055070:Resistance Training; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; C403514:CADM1 protein, human; D000075982:Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein