title: Growth inhibition after exposure to transforming growth factor-β1 in human bladder cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a dual role in apoptosis and in proapoptotic responses in the support of survival in a variety of cells. The aim of this study was to determine the function of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The role of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells was examined by observing cell viability by using the tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay after treating the bladder cancer cell lines 253J, 5637, T24, J82, HT1197, and HT1376 with TGF-β1. Among these cell lines, the 253J and T24 cell lines were coincubated with TGF-β1 and the pan anti-TGF-β antibody. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was performed to determine the mechanism involved after TGF-β1 treatment in 253J cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All six cell lines showed inhibited cellular growth after TGF-β1 treatment. Although the T24 and J82 cell lines also showed inhibited cellular growth, the growth inhibition was less than that observed in the other 4 cell lines. The addition of pan anti-TGF-β antibodies to the culture media restored the growth properties that had been inhibited by TGF-β1. FACS analysis was performed in the 253J cells and the 253J cells with TGF-β1. There were no significant differences in the cell cycle between the two treatments. However, there were more apoptotic cells in the TGF-β1-treated 253J cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-β1 did not stimulate cellular proliferation but was a growth inhibitory factor in bladder cancer cells. However, the pattern of its effects depended on the cell line. TGF-β1 achieved growth inhibition by enhancing the level of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea. ; Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Changho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Doo Sang
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Kyu
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: Cell line; Cell survival; Transforming growth factor beta; Urinary bladder neoplasms