title: Anti-tumor properties of orally administered glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomers in a mouse model.
abstract: The current study evaluated the anti-tumor activities of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligomer (NACOS) and glucosamine oligomer (COS) after their oral administration in a tumor (colon 26)-bearing mouse model. Compared to the control group, NACOS and COS groups showed significantly suppressed tumor growth, and apparent, marked apoptosis in tumor tissues. Furthermore, serum interleukin-12p70 and interferon-γ levels significantly increased in the NACOS and COS groups compared to the corresponding levels in the control group. Collectively, the results indicate the oral administration of NACOS and COS could enhance innate immunity. Results of experiments in Myd-88 knockout mice revealed that the apparent effects were related to both Myd-88-dependent and Myd-88-independent pathways. The data indicated that oral administration of NACOS and COS produced anti-tumor effects through the induction of apoptosis and stimulation of the immune system, which suggests that NACOS and COS are candidate anti-tumor functional foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. Electronic address: kazu-azuma@mues.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurozumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyose
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Koyo Chemical Co. Ltd., 3-11-15 Iidabashi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0072, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. Electronic address: yokamoto@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005944:Glucosamine; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
keywords: Chitin oligosaccharide; Chitosan oligosaccharide; Colon-26; Functional food; Mice; Tumor growth