title: Decision making for diagnosis and management: algorithms from experts for molecular testing.
abstract: Cases are presented in light of the current diagnostic and therapeutic trends in management of thyroid nodules and well-differentiated cancers. Demographic, historical, and population-based risk factors are used to risk stratify cases. Ultrasonographic features and other imaging are discussed with regard to appropriateness of utilization and impact on management. The role of traditional cytologic and histopathologic analysis with fine-needle aspiration and intraoperative frozen sections is discussed, including diagnostic nuances and limitations. The emerging role of biomarkers such as Braf are evaluated regarding their role in contemporary assessment of thyroid nodules by reviewing practical cases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bumpous
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Miranda D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Celestre
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jefferson University College of Medicine, 925 Chestnut Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: edmund.pribitkin@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pribitkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Brendan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Stack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011167:Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; D011379:Prognosis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Biomarkers; Fine-needle aspiration cytology; Molecular classifier; Thyroid cancer; Thyroid nodule; Ultrasonography