title: Chemical profile and antiacetylcholinesterase, antityrosinase, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cynometra cauliflora L. leaves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the current study was (i) to evaluate the bioactive potential of the leaf methanolic extract of Cynometra cauliflora L., along with its respective hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous fractions, in inhibiting the enzymes α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase as well as evaluating their antioxidant activities. (ii) In addition, in view of the limited published information regarding the metabolite profile of C. cauliflora, we further characterized the profiles of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions using liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The leaf methanolic extract of C. cauliflora exhibited potent inhibition of all three enzymes and high antioxidant activity. The bioactivity was found to be concentrated in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. A total of 18 compounds were identified in these bioactive fractions, comprising a procyanidin trimer, procyanidin tetramer, procyanidin hexamer, taxifolin pentoside, catechin, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol hexoside, quercetin pentoside, quercetin hexoside, apigenin-6-C-glucoside-8-C-glucoside, kaempferol-coumaroyl hexoside and isorhamnetin hexoside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that C. cauliflora, the leaves in particular, is a rich source of bioactive compounds and could be beneficial for further development of high-value phytomedicinal preparations and functional food products.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Abubakar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ado
authors.forename: Faridah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abas
authors.forename: Intan Safinar
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Hasanah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.forename: Khozirah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shaari
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Cynometra cauliflora; LC-DAD-ESIMS/MS; antiacetylcholinesterase; antioxidant; antityrosinase; α-glucosidase inhibition