title: Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber improves insulin sensitivity via activation of PI3K/PKB pathway.
abstract: This study was to investigate the effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (CHS) from sea cucumber on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD). CHS supplementation for 19 wk significantly improved insulin sensitivity by 20%, and reduced blood glucose and insulin levels. Western blotting assay showed that CHS significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to 1.7-fold, phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) at p85 to 5.0-fold, protein kinase B (PKB) at Ser473 to 1.5-fold, and Thr308 to 1.6-fold in skeletal muscle. However, PI3K, PKB, and GLUT4 total proteins expression were unchangeable. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis proved that the insulin signaling was activated by CHS treatment, showing the increased mRNA expressions of glucose uptake-related key genes. It indicated that CHS improved insulin sensitivity by activation of PI3K/PKB signaling in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice. Identification of potential mechanism by which CHS increased insulin sensitivity might provide a new functional food or pharmaceutical application of sea cucumber.
authors.affiliation: Authors are with College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, No.5, Yu Shan Rd., Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yaoguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jingfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006946:Hyperinsulinism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012616:Sea Cucumbers; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; C517150:fucosylated chondroitin sulfate; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: fucosylated chondroitin sulfate; insulin sensitivity; phosphoinositide 3-kinase; protein kinase B; sea cucumber