title: Childhood trauma associates with clinical features of bipolar disorder in a sample of Chinese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood trauma is a major public health problem which has a long-term consequence, a few studies have examined the relationship between childhood trauma and clinical features of bipolar disorder, most in western culture, with no such studies done in Chinese culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CTQ-SF was administered to 132 Chinese patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder. Participants also completed the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q), the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The CTQ-SF cut-off scores for exposure were used to calculate the prevalence of trauma. The relationship between childhood trauma and clinical features of bipolar disorder were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency of CTQ-SF was good (Cronbach׳s α=0.826) and four week test-retest reliability was high (r=0.755). 61.4% of this sample reported physical neglect (PN) in childhood, followed by emotional neglect (EN, 49.6%), sexual abuse (SA, 40.5%), emotional abuse (EA, 26.0%) and physical abuse (PA,13.1%). Significant negative correlations existed between age of onset and EA and EN score (r=-0.178~-0.183, p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between EA, CTQ-SF total score and intrusion and hyper-arousal scores of IES-R (r=0.223~0.309, p<0.05). Similarly, significant positive correlations were found between EN, PN, CTQ-SF total and STAI score (r=0.222~0.425, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data on childhood trauma were derived from a retrospective self-report questionnaire without independent corroboration. A number of potential patients (more severe or chronic patients) was excluded because they were either refused to participate or inappropriate to participate in research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant number of subjects in patients with BD reported experience of childhood abuse and neglect. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with age of onset of illness, co morbid PTSD and anxiety symptoms. To study the pathogenesis of childhood trauma on bipolar disorder and explanation the interaction between childhood trauma and susceptibility genes are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Tong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
authors.forename: Xiong-Zhao
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Lang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China. Electronic address: wcymanu@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuan-Yue
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Abuse; Bipolar disorder; Childhood; Clinical feature; Neglect