title: Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in normal pregnancies from 11(+0) to 13(+6) gestational weeks: a Taiwanese study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between umbilical artery flow and gestational age (GA) at 11-13(+6) weeks in normal pregnancy in the Taiwanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty-three normal singleton pregnancies with GA ranging from 11 to 13(+6) weeks were included in this study. The velocity of systolic, diastolic, and pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery, and the mean velocity of the umbilical vein were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty-seven participants fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. The mean maternal age was 31 (range 19-45) years, with a corresponding GA of 12(+4) (range 11-13(+6)) weeks. The absence of end-diastolic velocity of the umbilical artery was observed in most of our cases (90.1%). No significant change was found in the vascular indices with GA for the mean velocity of the umbilical vein (mean velocity = 0.923 × GA - 1.594, r = 0.1497, p = 0.115). The systolic velocity of the umbilical artery and PI, however, behaved differently from the other variables. There was a significant increase in systolic velocity with GA [systolic wave (S wave) velocity = 0.237 × GA + 2.267; r = 0.149, p = 0.041]. By contrast, the PI showed a significant decrease in relation to the GA (PI = -0.016 × GA + 4.068; r = 0.196, p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The S-wave velocity of the umbilical artery increased with GA. By contrast, the PI of the umbilical artery showed a decreasing trend with GA. This may ensure optimal placental perfusion, which is necessary to accommodate the increased blood flow to the developing fetus. Furthermore, an absence of end-diastolic velocity in the first trimester and early second trimester was usually seen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Pei
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsing-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Mou
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Juang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huann-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Horng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Shyen
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: zachary.joyce@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chih-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Chong
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D013624:Taiwan; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ductus venosus; intrauterine growth restriction; pulsatility index; resistance index; umbilical vein