title: Vitamin D supplementation promotes macrophages' anti-mycobacterial activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with low vitamin D receptor expression.
abstract: The increasing number of people with type 2 diabetes (DM2) is alarming and if it is taken into account that the relative odds of developing tuberculosis in diabetic patients ranges from 2.44 to 8.33 compared with non-diabetic patients, thus in developing countries where these two diseases are encountering face to face, there is a need for prophylaxis strategies. The role of vitamin D has been widely implicated in growth control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during primary infection mainly through the induction of certain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study we evaluated the vitamin D serum levels, CYP27B1-hydroxylase enzyme, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and AMPs gene expression in Healthy donors, DM2 and TB patients. Results showed that DM2 group has lower VDR and AMPs expression levels. When Monocytes Derived Macrophages (MDM) from DM2 patients with low VDR expression were supplemented with vitamin D, MDMs eliminate efficiently M. tuberculosis. This preliminary study suggests the use of vitamin D as prophylaxis for tuberculosis in high DM2 endemic countries.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nallely
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lopez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Curiel
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montoya-Rosales
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico; Medical Research Coordination SSA-Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gandara-Jasso
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Enciso-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Zacatecas, Mexico. Electronic address: rondo_vm@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivas-Santiago
mesh_terms: D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase
keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; Cathelicidin; Defensin; Diabetes; Tuberculosis; Vitamin D