title: Anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenosides Rg5 , Rz1 , and Rk1 : inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS transcriptional expression.
abstract: In the course of this experiment on the anti-inflammatory effect of ginsenosides, protopanaxdiol ginsenosides have shown inhibition activities in inflammatory responses: NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS were induced by TNF-α. The responses of this experiment were evaluated by NF-κB-luciferase assay and RT-PCR experiment of COX-2 and iNOS genes. The NF-κB expressions were inhibited by ginsenosides Rd, Rg5 , Rz1 , and Rk1 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 3.47, 0.61, 0.63, and 0.75 μM, respectively. Particularly, ginsenosides Rg5 , Rz1 , and Rk1 as converted ginsenosides from primary protopanaxdiol ginsenosidess significantly inhibited COX-2 and iNOS gene expression. These inhibition levels were similar to sulfasalazine as reference material.
authors.affiliation: Korea Ginseng Corp. Central Research Institute, Daejon, 305-805, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Myung
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C572381:ginsenoside Rg5; C472077:ginsenoside Rk1; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; C049863:ginsenoside Rd
keywords: COX-2; NF-κB; anti-inflammation; ginsenosides; iNOS