title: Increased and correlated expression of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 1 in surgically removed periodontal tissues with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both gingival tissue destruction and regeneration are associated with chronic periodontitis, although the former overwhelms the latter. Studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a growth factor largely involved in tissue regeneration and remodeling, is upregulated in chronic periodontitis. However, the gingival expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2), a TGF-β1-upregulated gene, in patients with periodontitis remains undetermined. Although both CTGF/CCN2 and TGF-b1 increase the production of extracellular matrix, they have many different biological functions. Therefore, it is important to delineate the impact of periodontitis on gingival CTGF/CCN2 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from seven individuals without periodontitis (group 1) and from 14 with periodontitis (group 2). The expression of CTGF and TGFβ1 mRNAs were quantified using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the levels of expression of both CTGF/CCN2 and TGFβ1 mRNAs were significantly increased in individuals with periodontitis compared with individuals without periodontitis. Furthermore, analysis using a nonparametric correlation (Spearman r) test showed a positive correlation between TGFβ1 and CTGF/CCN2 mRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gingival expression levels of CTGF/CCN2 and TGFβ1 mRNAs in individuals with periodontitis are upregulated and correlated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mize
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Sundararaj
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D016556:Crown Lengthening / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry; D005893:Gingivoplasty / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D010519:Periodontium / Q000737:chemistry*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C526317:CCN2 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor
keywords: connective tissue growth factor; gene expression; growth factors; periodontitis; transforming growth factor beta 1