title: Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses Th2 cytokines and GATA-3 transcription factor in EL-4 T cells.
abstract: Allergic disease is dominated by Th2 immune responses. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, representative Th2 cytokines, play pivotal roles in the pathogenic activation of the Th2 immune response. In this study, we found that cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride (C3G), an anthocyanin suppressed IL-4 and IL-13 produced in activated EL-4 T cells but not Th1 cytokines including IL-2, interferon-γ, or IL-12. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA levels and luciferase activation in cells transiently transfected with IL-4 and IL-13 promoter reporter plasmids were significantly inhibited by C3G, suggesting that suppression might be, at least in part, regulated at the transcriptional level. Data from western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of transcription factors involved in cytokine expression suggested that expression of GATA-3, but not T-bet, was downregulated in the nucleus by C3G. Taken together, our data indicate that C3G may has potential as an anti-allergic agent suppressing Th2 activation by downregulating Th2 cytokines and the GATA3 transcription factor in allergies.
authors.affiliation: a College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Soo Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yeonsil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sunyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mirim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D005960:Glucosides; D018793:Interleukin-13; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015759:Ionomycin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3); anti-allergic agent; cyaniding-3-glucoside (C3G) C3G; interleukin-13 (IL-13); interleukin-4 (IL-4)