title: Reliability and validity of five radiographic dental-age estimation methods in a population of Malaysian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability and validity of Demirjian's, Willems, Nolla's, Haavikko's, and Cameriere's radiographic methods of dental-age estimation in a population of Malaysian children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 426 dental panoramic radiographs of 5-15-year-old Malaysian children were included in the study. The mean age error and absolute age error for all the methods were calculated and their usability analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Nolla, Willems. and Demirjian methods overestimated the dental age with a mean of 0.97, 0.54, and 0.54 years, respectively, while the Cameriere and Haavikko methods underestimated by 0.41 and 1.31 years, respectively. The Cameriere method was highly precise and accurate in the population of Malaysian children, whereas the Haavikko and Demirjian methods were the least precise and accurate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cameriere method of dental-age estimation is highly valid and reliable for Malaysian population, followed by the Willems and Nolla methods.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Semeling, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumaresan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Semeling, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Navaneetha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cugati
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Semeling, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Balamanikandasrinivasan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Priyadarshini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
mesh_terms: D000366:Age Determination by Teeth; D002648:Child; D005553:Forensic Dentistry; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Malaysia; accuracy; dental age; radiograph; reliability