title: Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio versus 24-h proteinuria in the screening for nephropathy in HIV patients.
abstract: To determine the correlation between protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24-h urinary protein, proteinuria was measured in 45 patients attending a public HIV clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil, using 24-h urinary protein excretion (24hUP) and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Spearman's correlation test was done to evaluate the association between spot protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24hUP. The limits of agreement between the two methods were analysed by the Bland-Altman method. For protein excretion <1 g/day, limits (95%) of agreement of protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24hUP were +0.112 and -0.097 g/day. A strong correlation (r = 0.957) was found between protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24hUP excretion. The conclusion is that the protein-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine specimens is an accurate, convenient and reliable screening method to estimate the urinary protein excretion in HIV patients to detect abnormal urinary protein loss. Further studies are required to evaluate renal disease in HIV patients with chronic renal disease and higher urinary protein excretion.
authors.affiliation: IAPI HIV Clinic, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post Graduate Course in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil vicente_antonello@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Vicente Sperb
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Antonello
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Poli-De-Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan Carlos Ferreira
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Antonello
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Course in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Valle
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Tovo
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001938:Brazil; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: 24-h urinary protein; AIDS; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; protein-to-creatinine ratio; proteinuria; renal disease; screening