title: Salmonella serotypes, resistance patterns, and food vehicles of salmonellosis in southern Brazil between 2007 and 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have identified Salmonella as the main causative agent of foodborne diseases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, between 1997 and 2006. This study aimed to describe the Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial patterns, and food vehicles of salmonellosis that occurred in RS between 2007 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about Salmonella isolates and salmonellosis outbreaks registered in the official records of the Central Laboratory of RS (FEEPS/IPB-LACEN/RS) was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 163 isolates investigated, 138 (84.7%) were identified as S. Enteritidis. The second and third most frequent serovars identified were S. Schwarzengrund (5.5%) and S. Typhimurium (3.7%). Homemade mayonnaise was the food vehicle most frequently identified (17.39%), followed by pastry products (15.94%) and beef (12.32%). Antimicrobial resistance was analyzed; 12 drugs were tested. Higher percentages of resistance were observed to nitrofurantoin (94.2%) and nalidixic acid (89.1%). The resistance to these two drugs was verified in 80.43% of the isolates. Multi-resistance to three and five drugs was verified in four and two isolates, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparing the results of the present study with results of previous reports, it was possible to conclude that S. Enteritidis and homemade mayonnaise are still the main serotype and food vehicle of salmonellosis in RS and that antimicrobial resistance has been increasing among S. Enteritidis responsible for foodborne outbreaks in southern Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. robertacapalonga@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capalonga
authors.forename: Rosane Campanher
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Jane Mari Correa
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Both
authors.forename: Mara Lúcia Tiba
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Soeiro
authors.forename: Solange Mendes
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Longaray
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Eduardo Cesar
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tondo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D009582:Nitrofurantoin