title: Combination of omega-3 Fatty acids, lithium, and aripiprazole reduces oxidative stress in brain of mice with mania.
abstract: Manic episode in bipolar disorder (BD) was evaluated in the present study with supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with aripiprazole and lithium on methylphenidate (MPD)-induced manic mice model. Administration of MPD 5 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally (i.p.) caused increase in oxidative stress in mice brain. To retract this effect, supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids 1.5 ml/kg (p.o.), aripiprazole 1.5 mg/kg bw (i.p.), and lithium 50 mg/kg bw (p.o) were given to mice. Omega-3 fatty acids alone and in combination with aripiprazole- and lithium-treated groups significantly reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in the brain. MPD treatment significantly decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and they were restored by supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids with aripiprazole and lithium. There is no remarkable difference in the effect of creatine kinase (CK) activity between MPD-induced manic model and the treatment groups. Therefore, our results demonstrate that oxidative stress imbalance and mild insignificant CK alterations induced by administration of MPD can be restored back to normal physiological levels through omega-3 fatty acids combined with lithium and aripiprazole that attributes to effective prevention against mania in adult male Swiss albino mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
authors.forename: Pandiyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arunagiri
authors.forename: Krishnamoorthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajeshwaran
authors.forename: Janakiraman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shanthakumar
authors.forename: Thangavel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamilselvan
authors.forename: Elumalai
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione