title: Morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic sarcoidosis is a complex disease with numerous comorbid conditions and can be fatal in some cases. Recognizing causes of morbidity and mortality is important to effectively select treatments, manage symptoms and improve outcomes. The purpose of this review is to examine emerging knowledge on morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 1-5% of patients with sarcoidosis die from complications of sarcoidosis. Recent population studies indicate that mortality may be increasing over the past decade. The reasons behind these trends are unclear, but could include increasing incidence, detection rates, severity of disease or age of the population. Morbidity of sarcoidosis is reflected by a trend of increased hospitalizations over recent years and increased use of healthcare resources. Morbidity can be caused by organ damage from granulomatous inflammation, treatment complications and psychosocial effects of the disease. Recent studies are focused on morbidity related to cardiopulmonary complications, bone health and ageing within the sarcoidosis population. Last, sarcoidosis is associated with autoimmune diseases, pulmonary embolism and malignancy; however, the underlying mechanisms linking diseases continue to be debated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morbidity in sarcoidosis is significant and multifactorial. Mortality is infrequent, but may be increasing over the years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gerke
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009017:Morbidity; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000453:epidemiology*