title: Expression of SP7, RUNX1, DLX5, and CTNNB1 in human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on xenogeneic bone substitute as compared with machined titanium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to investigate the gene expression profile of 4 transcription factors in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) cultured with a xenogeneic bone substitute and a support of machined titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro studies were performed on hMSC cells, which grew in contact with cortical porcine bone and machined titanium disks for 10 days. RNA quantification for genes DLX5, CTNNB1, RUNX1, and SP7 was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. For cells supported by titanium, immunocytochemistry of osteocalcin (OC) was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the osteoblast-induced cells (OIC), DLX5, CTNNB1, and RUNX1 were significantly upregulated (+2.38-, +3.51-, and +7.08-fold, respectively), whereas SP7 was downregulated (-26.32-fold). None of the genes seemed to be upregulated or downregulated by the corticocancellous porcine bone. In cells grown on titanium support, DLX5 and RUNX1 were respectively upregulated (+3.12-fold) and downregulated (-2.14-fold). For titanium support, the presence of both catenin beta-1 and OC was verified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2 genes RUNX1 and SP7 resulted differently expressed in cells cultured on metallic supports if compared with the expression recorded for OIC. An induction of the osteogenic phenotype was observed when cells were cultured on machined titanium, but not on xenogeneic material.
authors.affiliation: *Adjunct Professor, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy. †Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy. ‡Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy. §Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy. ‖Professor, Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Niccola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Funel
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campani
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Covani
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D014025:Titanium; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; C100596:DLX5 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C478163:SP7 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin; D014025:Titanium