title: Methyl gallate from Galla rhois successfully controls clinical isolates of Salmonella infection in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
abstract: Galla rhois is a commonly used traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria in Korea as well as in other parts of Asia. Methyl gallate (MG), a major component of Galla Rhois, exhibits strong antibacterial activity, but its mechanism of action against Salmonella spp. is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial actions of MG against Salmonella. The antibacterial activity determined by broth dilution method indicated that the antibacterial activity of MG against Salmonella strains ranged from 3.9 to 125 µg/ml. In vitro bacterial viability test indicated that MG significantly decreased the viability of Salmonella over 40% when combined with ATPase inhibitors. The time-kill curves showed that a combined MG and ATPase inhibitors (DCCD and NaN3) treatment reduced the bacterial counts dramatically after 24 h. Oral administration of MG showed a strong anti-bacterial activity against WS-5 infected BALB/c mice. In contrast to the untreated Salmonella infected control animals, MG treated groups showed no clinical symptoms of the disease, such as lethargy and liver damage. It was observed that MG treatment significantly increased the survival of animals from Salmonella infection, while in untreated groups all animal succumbed to disease by the sixth day post infection. Thus, the present study demonstrates the therapeutic ability of MG against Salmonella infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea; Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jang-Gi
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Harendra S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chahar
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bharaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Hwa
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Yeul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C052082:methyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid