title: Recent developments in echocardiographic imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review provides an outline of recent applications related to the use of ultrasonography in various catheter-based procedures for the repair of many valvular abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous interventions are becoming a safe and effective therapeutic modality in the management of various valvular defects. The intrinsic ability of ultrasound to provide real-time accurate assessment of cardiac and valvular structural and functional abnormalities makes this modality distinctively useful in the execution of percutaneous valvular procedures and evaluation of their results.Clinical applications of myocardial deformation and cardiac mechanics have been investigated in an increasing number of clinical applications. Speckle tracking accurately measures myocardial deformation parameters and has been recently applied to the evaluation of mitral insufficiency mechanisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent developments in echocardiography are promoting this modality from its traditional role of diagnostic technique into one suitable for aiding in the execution of complex catheter-based procedures and for accurate monitoring of therapeutic response in many clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: aAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx bLenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanna
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nanna
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000639:trends*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000639:trends*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention