title: Enhanced vitreous imaging in healthy eyes using swept source optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe enhanced vitreous imaging for visualization of anatomic features and microstructures within the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in healthy eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The study hypothesis was that long-wavelength, high-speed, volumetric SS-OCT with software registration motion correction and vitreous window display or high-dynamic-range (HDR) display improves detection sensitivity of posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal features compared to standard OCT logarithmic scale display.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple wide-field three-dimensional SS-OCT scans (500×500A-scans over 12×12 mm2) were obtained using a prototype instrument in 22 eyes of 22 healthy volunteers. A registration motion-correction algorithm was applied to compensate motion and generate a single volumetric dataset. Each volumetric dataset was displayed in three forms: (1) standard logarithmic scale display, enhanced vitreous imaging using (2) vitreous window display and (3) HDR display. Each dataset was reviewed independently by three readers to identify features of the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface. Detection sensitivities for these features were measured for each display method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Features observed included the bursa premacularis (BPM), area of Martegiani, Cloquet's/BPM septum, Bergmeister papilla, posterior cortical vitreous (hyaloid) detachment, papillomacular hyaloid detachment, hyaloid attachment to retinal vessel(s), and granular opacities within vitreous cortex, Cloquet's canal, and BPM. The detection sensitivity for these features was 75.0% (95%CI: 67.8%-81.1%) using standard logarithmic scale display, 80.6% (95%CI: 73.8%-86.0%) using HDR display, and 91.9% (95%CI: 86.6%-95.2%) using vitreous window display.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SS-OCT provides non-invasive, volumetric and measurable in vivo visualization of the anatomic microstructural features of the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface. The vitreous window display provides the highest sensitivity for posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface analysis when compared to HDR and standard OCT logarithmic scale display. Enhanced vitreous imaging with SS-OCT may help assess the natural history and treatment response in vitreoretinal interface diseases.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Witkin
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mehreen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adhi
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grulkowski
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America; University of Erlangen-Nuremburg, Pattern Recognition Lab, and Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America; New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Al-Hafeez
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dhalla
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chen D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: University of Erlangen-Nuremburg, Pattern Recognition Lab, and Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornegger
authors.affiliation: New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duker
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult