title: Protein interactions with polymer coatings and biomaterials.
abstract: Protein adsorption is considered to be the most important factor of the interaction between polymeric biomaterials and body fluids or tissues. Water-mediated hydrophobic and hydration forces as well as electrostatic interactions are believed to be the major factors of protein adsorption. A systematic analysis of various monolayer systems has resulted in general guidelines, the so-called "Whitesides rules". These concepts have been successfully applied for designing various protein-resistant surfaces and are being studied to expand the understanding of protein-material interactions beyond existing limitations. Theories on the mechanisms of protein adsorption are constantly being improved due to the fast-developing analytical technologies. This Review is aimed at improving these empirical guidelines with regard to present theoretical and analytical advances. Current analytical methods to test mechanistic hypotheses and theories of protein-surface interactions will be discussed. Special focus will be given to state-of-the-art bioinert and biospecific coatings and their applications in biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany); Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany).
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becherer
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angioletti-Uberti
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dzubiella
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wischke
authors.forename: Axel T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Neffe
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lendlein
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballauff
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haag
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins
keywords: biomaterials; polymer coatings; protein adsorption; protein-resistant  surfaces