title: The use of TPA in combination with alcohol in the treatment of the recurrent complex hydrocele.
abstract: A hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis. Hydrocele is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling which affects about 1% of men. Generally, adult hydroceles are idiopathic in origin; however, inguinal surgery, varicocelectomy, infection, trauma and a patent processus vaginalis are each associated with the subsequent development of a hydrocele. Surgical removal of hydroceles is the gold standard of care. However, multiple cases have reported high success rates (ranging from 85% to 96%) using a combination of aspiration and sclerotherapy. We present a case of a patient with recurring complex hydrocele and effective treatment utilizing a combination of thrombolytic therapy, catheter drainage and subsequent alcohol ablation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC;
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC;
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Spouge
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Department, Lions Gate Hospital, Vancouver, BC;
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Spouge
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Lions Gate Hospital, Vancouver, BC.
authors.forename: Chris C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hoag