title: Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is an acute necrotic infection of the kidney which is characterized by the presence of gas. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and obstruction of the urinary tract are the main predisposing factors and Escherichia Coli is the most frequent causative pathogen.
  
  
  METHODS
  We herein report a case of a patient with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus who was admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of pyelonephritis. Imaging revealed the gas in the renal parenchyma establishing the diagnosis and the patient was treated successfully with antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EP is a medical emergency and once diagnosed, attention must be paid to the selection of treatment to avoid high mortality rates.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini, Greece.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rafailidis
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini, Greece.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karadimou
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liouliakis
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Departmen, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzoglou
keywords: CT Scan; Kidney; X-Ray; pyelonephritis