title: Regulation of intestinal IgA responses by dietary palmitic acid and its metabolism.
abstract: Enhancement of intestinal IgA responses is a primary strategy in the development of oral vaccine. Dietary fatty acids are known to regulate host immune responses. In this study, we show that dietary palmitic acid (PA) and its metabolites enhance intestinal IgA responses. Intestinal IgA production was increased in mice maintained on a PA-enriched diet. These mice also showed increased intestinal IgA responses against orally immunized Ag, without any effect on serum Ab responses. We found that PA directly stimulates plasma cells to produce Ab. In addition, mice receiving a PA-enriched diet had increased numbers of IgA-producing plasma cells in the large intestine; this effect was abolished when serine palmitoyltransferase was inhibited. These findings suggest that dietary PA regulates intestinal IgA responses and has the potential to be a diet-derived mucosal adjuvant.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; kunisawa@nibio.go.jp.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kunisawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
authors.forename: Shiori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shikata
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan;
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan;
authors.forename: Junken
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D000073878:Palm Oil; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D051102:Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D000073878:Palm Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil; D010047:Ovalbumin; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D051102:Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase; D000074263:Coconut Oil