title: Early molecular diagnosis of aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia.
abstract: Diagnosis of invasive fungal infection remains challenging. Here we report a case of early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in a neutropenic patient affected by acute myeloid leukaemia, achieved through the detection of Aspergillus fumigatus species-specific ribonucleic acid sequences by a sensitive multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assay. Thanks to the early diagnosis, targeted therapy was promptly established and the severe fungal infection controlled, allowing the patient to subsequently receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a haploidentical donor, her only curative option. Also in this instance, targeted secondary antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole avoided any other fungal infection afterwards. This report suggests how the implementation of molecular assays in combination with routine diagnostic procedures, can improve microbiological diagnosis in sepsis, particularly in case of fungal infection, difficult to detect with standard microbiological culture methods.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peccatori
authors.affiliation: Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cieri
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vago
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giglio
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghidoli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carletti
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levati
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crucitti
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lupo Stanghellini
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lorentino
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forcina
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pavesi
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrabba
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marktel
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assanelli
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcatti
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doglioni
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scarpellini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burioni
authors.affiliation: Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciceri
keywords: allogeneic transplant; aspergillus fumigatus; molecular diagnosis; sepsis; voriconazole.