title: Update on the burden of Campylobacter in developing countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent work has added to the understanding of the burden of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter strains in children living in the developing world.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New diagnostic modalities and carefully designed field studies are demonstrating that the burden of Campylobacter diarrhea in children in the developing world has been greatly underestimated. Furthermore, there is emerging recognition of an association between Campylobacter infection and malnutrition. Important progress has been made toward a Campylobacter jejuni vaccine. Finally, evidence of antibiotic resistance continues to be an important issue that is accentuated by the realization that the burden of disease is greater than previously recognized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional research is needed to refine our understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter infections in developing countries, in particular to improve estimates of the burden of Campylobacter diarrhea in endemic settings, to determine the impact of recurrent Campylobacter infections on child development, and to describe the prevalence and clinical significance of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter infections. Progressive antibiotic resistance of isolates argues for augmented and expanded control measures of antibiotics in livestock. Continued work in vaccine development is warranted as is the extension of data available on the serotypes related to burden in different areas of the world and the relationship of serotypes to disease severity.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia bDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platts-Mills
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosek
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003906:Developing Countries; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents