title: Beneficial effect of Azadirachta indica on advanced glycation end-product in streptozotocin-diabetic rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both oxidation and hyperglycemia cause increased glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which underlie the complications of diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this article is to determine the effect of the chloroform extract from leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss; (Meliaceae) (AI) on the formation of glycated protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chloroform extract was subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate advanced glycation end-products formation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose, BSA-methylglyoxal, Amadori-rich protein, glycated hemoglobin, oxidation, and glycation of LDL were determined. Doses of AI of 200 mg/kg/d by oral gavage were administered once daily for 30 d, at streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After this period, renal damage (TBARS), glucose, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, and tail tendon collagen were investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AI exhibits protective action in BSA against glycation formation, GHb, protein levels, and LDL against glycation and oxidation. The renal glucose level decreases a 3.9 mg/g wet tissue. TBA-reactive substance showed a significant decrease to 1.82 mmol/mg protein. In addition, AI showed inhibitory activity against AGEs formation, methylglyoxal, and glycolaldehyde levels in kidney. Treatment with AI in rat tail tendon produced a reduction in cross-linking of collagen proteins. The antiglycation activities of A. indica were attributed in part to their antioxidant activity. AI alleviated oxidative stress under diabetic conditions through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation prevents the onset renal damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that A. indica is an inhibitor AGE formation, and oxidative stress with a renoprotective effect, which are considered to play important roles in diabetic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales. Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias extractivas IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N , Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos cp 07708, Mexico D.F. , Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa Martha
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Perez Gutierrez
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jesus Martinez Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta; D002417:Cattle; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: Advanced glycation end-products formation; diabetic kidney disease; oxidative stress