title: Effects of acrylamide on sperm parameters, chromatin quality, and the level of blood testosterone in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical primarily. AA is also found in carbohydrate-rich foods that are prepared at high temperatures, such as French fries and potato chips. It is demonstrated that AA is a carcinogen and reproductive toxin and has ability to induce sperm damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to observe the effects of AA on sperm parameters and evaluation of sperm chromatin quality and testosterone hormone in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 16 adult male mice were divided into two groups. Mice of group A fed on basal diet; group B received basal diet and AA (10 mg/kg, water solution) for 35 days. The right cauda epididymis was incised and then placed in Ham's F10 culture media at 37(o)C for 15 min. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze count, motility, morphology and viability. To determine the sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation, the cytochemical techniques including Aniline blue, Acridine orange and Chromomycin A3 staining were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AA-treated mice had poor parameters in comparison with control animals. In sperm chromatin assessments, except TB (p=0.16), significant differences were found in all of the tests between two groups. It was also seen a significant decrease in concentration of blood testosterone in AA-treated animals when compared to controls (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, AA can affect sperm parameters as well as sperm chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in mice. These abnormalities may be related to the reduction in blood testosterone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourentezari
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Anatomy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Abulghasem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mangoli
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anvari
keywords: Acrylamide; Chromatin; Mice; Sperm; Testosterone