title: Validation and reliability of a Spanish version of Simple Shoulder Test (SST-Sp).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Simple Shoulder Test (SST-Sp) is a widely used outcome measure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Spanish-version SST (SST-Sp).
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage observational study was conducted. The SST was initially cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and backward translation and then validated for its psychometric characteristics. Participants (n = 66) with several shoulder disorders completed the SST-Sp, DASH, VAS and SF-12. The full sample was employed to determine factor structure, internal consistency and concurrent criterion validity. Reliability was determined in the first 24-48 h in a subsample of 21 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SST-Sp showed three factors that explained the 56.1% of variance, and the internal consistency for each factor was α = 0.738, 0.723 and 0.667, and reliability was ICC = 0.687-0.944. The factor structure was three-dimensional and supported construct validity. Criterion validity determined from the relationship between the SST-Sp and DASH was strong (r = -0.73; p < 0.001) and fair for VAS (r = -0.537; p < 0.001). Relationships between SST-Sp and SF-12 were weak for both physical (r = -0.47; p < 0.001) and mental (r = -0.43; p < 0.001) dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SST-Sp supports the findings of the original English version as being a valid shoulder outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the original English version.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Membrilla-Mesa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tejero-Fernández
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Vargas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Morales
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*