title: Effects of aerobic, resistance and balance training in adults with intellectual disabilities.
abstract: Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have decreased cardiovascular fitness and strength present with lower rates of physical activity (PA), and often have balance and functional impairments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined PA program (CPAP) utilizing aerobic, strength and balance training on cardiovascular fitness, strength, balance and functional measures in a controlled clinical trial. Adults with mild to moderate ID were assigned into either the intervention group (IG; n=37) or the control group (CG; n=29). The IG trained 3 day/week, 1 h/day over 14 weeks, while the CG did not participate in any exercise program. Cardiovascular fitness, strength, balance, flexibility and functional ability were assessed pre-post training. The IG increased cardiovascular fitness (26.8 vs. 29.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1)), handgrip strength (19.2 vs. 21.9 kg), leg strength, and balance following the training period (p<.05). Body weight (70.1 vs. 68.1 kg) and body mass index (27.4 vs. 26.6 kg m(-2)) decreased (p<.05) in the IG group. The CG showed no changes in any parameter. These data suggest a combined aerobic, strength and balance exercise training program is beneficial among individuals with ID.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Education and Sport Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 34 Cister Street, Barcelona, 08022, Spain. Electronic address: guillermorubeno@blanquerna.url.edu.
authors.forename: Guillermo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Oviedo
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Education and Sport Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 34 Cister Street, Barcelona, 08022, Spain. Electronic address: miriamelisagb@blanquerna.url.edu.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra-Balic
authors.affiliation: Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, MC-517, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: tbaynard@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baynard
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga Street, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Spain. Electronic address: cjavierre@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Casimiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Javierre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010809:Physical Fitness; D004856:Postural Balance; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Balance; Exercise; Health; Intellectual disability; Physical fitness