title: Epidemiology and impact of influenza in Mongolia, 2007-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mongolia's Health Service began to conduct surveillance for influenza in the 1970s. This surveillance has become more comprehensive over time and now includes 155 sentinel sites in Mongolia. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and impact of influenza using data from influenza surveillance in Mongolia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were collected by the National Influenza Center, Mongolia (NIC). Incidence rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (sARI) were calculated as the proportion of the number of ILI and sARI cases to the total population in the studied areas. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [(rt)-RT-PCR]. Selected samples negative for influenza were tested for other respiratory pathogens by multiplex rt-RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Averages of 14.0 ILI and 0.8 sARI episodes per 100 population per year were observed during the five influenza seasons. The highest incidences of influenza associated with ILI and sARI were observed among children 0-4 years old. The number of ILI cases showed a clear seasonality, generally peaking between December and February. In contrast, sARI incidence peaked twice during each season. Influenza B was most prevalent during 2007-2008 and 2011-2012, influenza A (H3N2) during 2010-2011, seasonal A (H1N1) during 2008-2009, and A (H1N1) pdm09 during 2009-2010.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional data on the epidemiology and impact of influenza including socioeconomic impact and vaccine effectiveness are required to develop a national influenza control policy, including a vaccination strategy. Our results provide useful data for developing such a policy.
authors.affiliation: National Influenza Center, National Center of Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Alexanderyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burmaa
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamigaki
authors.forename: Badarchyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Darmaa
authors.forename: Pagbajabyn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nymadawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oshitani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008986:Mongolia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; Mongolia; impact; influenza; surveillance