title: Do depressed patients on adjunctive atypical antipsychotics demonstrate a better quality of life compared to those on antidepressants only? A comparative cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the US population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adjunctive use of some atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) has been popular for patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, little is known about the impact of these agents on patients' Health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the adjunctive AAPs use on HRQoL among users of antidepressants with self-reported depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with depression (ICD-9-CM: 296, 300, and 311), and to have used the given AAPs and/or antidepressants for at least a year, were identified in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey of 2008-2011. The patients were classified into users of adjunctive AAPs (i.e., antidepressants plus AAPs) and users of antidepressants only. Adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the utilization of AAPs and HRQoL measure.(c)
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3638 participants who met the inclusion criteria were identified (306 on AAPs vs. 3332 on antidepressants only). The study subjects were ≥18 years, predominately White (91.9%) and female (71%). The AAPs utilization was not associated with higher scores in the Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2) (β = 1.542, 95% CI = -0.0142 to 3.0977, P = 0.0521). Rather, it was negatively associated with the Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) scores of the SF-12v2 (β = -1.5537, 95% CI = -3.0247 to -0.0827, P = 0.0385).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilization of AAPs was not associated with higher scores of HRQoL. The findings of this study should underscore the need to consider other treatment options as add-on therapy for depression before resorting to AAPs.
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Policy Research Program, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Yazed Sulaiman
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Al-Ruthia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address: shhong@uthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Song Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Antidepressants (ATDs); Atypical antipsychotic agents (AAPs); Health-related quality of life (HRQoL); Mental Component Summary-12 (MCS-12); Physical Component Summary-12 (PCS-12); Short Form Health Survey-12 version two (SF-12v2)