title: Behavioral migraine management modifies behavioral and cognitive coping in people with migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial which aims to examine changes in cognitive and behavioral responses to migraine with cognitive behavioral treatment for migraine, preventive medication for migraine, and their combination, and the relationship between these changes and reductions in migraine-related disability.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cognitive behavioral treatment is thought to reduce migraine-related disability through modifying maladaptive cognitive and behavioral responses to migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-two people with migraine who did not respond to 5 weeks of optimized acute therapy were randomized into a 2 (beta-blocker vs placebo) X 2 (behavioral migraine management [BMM] vs no BMM) treatment design. Participants received BMM and/or beta-blocker dose adjustment for 4 months, and were followed for an additional 12 months. Participants completed measures of catastrophizing, behavioral coping, and migraine-related disability throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to drug therapy only, BMM demonstrated larger decreases in catastrophizing scores (19.16 to 9.89 vs 16.78 to 11.84, P < .001) and increases in number of positive coping strategies (proactive: 1.09 to 1.90 vs 1.16 to 1.09, P  < .001; anticipatory: 0.19 to 0.69 vs 0.10 to 0.08, P  < .001; migraine management: 0.14 to 0.36 vs 0.04 to 0.04, P  < .001) at the end of the follow-up period. Decreases in catastrophizing were associated with a larger BMM effect on migraine-related disability (P = .036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that BMM modified important cognitive and behavioral factors postulated to be mechanisms of cognitive behavioral treatments for migraine.
authors.affiliation: Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Seng
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Holroyd
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
keywords: behavioral treatment; catastrophizing; cognitive behavioral therapy; coping; migraine; psychological factor