title: Synergistic skin heat shock protein expression in response to combined laser treatment with a diode laser and ablative fractional lasers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diode laser-based skin heating has been shown to minimise scars by interfering with wound healing responses through the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP are also induced after ablative fractional laser (AFXL) wound healing. AFXL itself is highly recommended for scar treatment. Therefore, the sequential combination of both modalities may produce superior outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the pretreatment effects of a diode laser before AFXL on wound healing responses in terms of HSP up-regulation in an in vitro model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immediate responses and responses on days 1, 3 or 6 post-procedure were studied in an in vitro porcine skin model (n = 240). Untreated samples served as control. Immunohistochemical investigation (Hsp70) was performed in all untreated controls, diode laser-, AFXL-, and in diode laser + AFXL-treated samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hsp70 was shown to be up-regulated by all interventions between days 1 and 6 after interventions. The largest effect was caused by the combination of a diode laser and an AFXL procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diode laser exposure induces a skin HSP response that can be further enhanced by sequential AFXL treatment. Clinical studies are necessary to investigate the dose response of HSP on scar formation and refine suitable laser exposure settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig , Germany and.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Paasch
authors.forename: Grunewald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sonja
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haedersdal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007834:Lasers; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
keywords: Ablative; Hsp70; diode; fractional; laser; scar; wound healing