title: Growth differentiation factor 15, ischemia modified albumin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), ischemia modified albumin (IMA) might aid in the early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), while pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) can serve as a useful marker of vulnerable plaques and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We sought to determine serum levels of GDF-15, IMA, PAPP-A and evaluate their diagnostic value in different types of CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We detected serum levels of GDF-15, IMA and PAPP-A in 348 patients with CAD and 205 controls. Levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T, which represent biomarkers of inflammation, damage or necrosis, were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences of GDF-15, IMA and PAPP-A in patients with CAD compared with the controls, where GDF-15 seemed to be associated with severity of CAD. GDF-15 demonstrated a sensitivity of 84.0% and specificity of 84.8% for diagnosis of UAP, while the negative predictive value was 87.4%. The sensitivity and specificity, negative predictive value of IMA in the diagnosis of UAP were 70.0%, 69.5%, and 70.0%, respectively. PAPP-A had the lowest sensitivity and negative predictive value compared with other markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDF-15 demonstrated a significant improvement in earlier prediction and assessment of overall patient risk of UAP comparing to IMA and PAPP-A.
authors.forename: Lie Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zhong Gan
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Qing Zhong
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Li Shan
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dai Fu
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhong Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D012709:Serum Albumin; C561522:ischemia-modified albumin; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human