title: Maternal consumption of coffee and tea during pregnancy and risk of childhood brain tumors: results from an Australian case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The causes of childhood brain tumors (CBT) are largely unknown, but gestational diet may influence this risk. The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether maternal coffee or tea consumption during pregnancy was associated with the risk of CBT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Australian Study of the Causes of Childhood Brain Tumours was a population-based, Australian case-control study conducted between 2005 and 2010. Case children were recruited from 10 pediatric oncology centers and control children by nationwide random-digit dialing, frequency matched to cases on the basis of age, sex and state of residence. Coffee and tea intake were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on coffee and tea consumption during pregnancy were available from 293 case mothers and 726 control mothers. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. There was little evidence of an association between gestational consumption of any coffee (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.92, 1.64) or tea (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.74, 1.36) and CBT risk. Among children aged under 5 years, the OR for any coffee consumption during pregnancy was 1.76 (95% CI 1.09, 2.84) and for ≥2 cups per day during pregnancy was 2.52 (95% CI 1.26, 5.04). There was little evidence that associations with coffee or tea intake differed by parental smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a positive association between coffee intake ≥2 cups per day and risk of CBT in younger children, although some estimates are imprecise. There was no association between maternal tea drinking and risk of CBT.
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathryn R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Greenop
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Lesley J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Milne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea