title: Evaluation of gatifloxacin for its potential to induce antioxidant imbalance and retinopathy in rabbits.
abstract: Gatifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been reported to produce several adverse reactions. In the present investigation, gatifloxacin administered at the dose rate of 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) body weight per day, respectively, for 21 consecutive days, was evaluated for its potential to induce antioxidant status alterations and retinal damage in rabbits. A significant alteration in the antioxidant status of rabbits particularly in the high-dose group was observed which is indicated by decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and levels of blood glutathione with a concomitant increase in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymes. The activity of glutathione reductase differed nonsignificantly between groups throughout the study period. The levels of malondialdehyde were elevated in the high-dose group. The histopathological examination of eyeball tunics revealed clumping of nuclei of the retinal outer nuclear layer in the gatifloxacin-treated groups. The results from this study indicate that repeated gatifloxacin administration produces a dose-dependent oxidative stress and retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Kumbhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India adi.adilmehraj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rampal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D000077734:Gatifloxacin
keywords: Gatifloxacin; antioxidant status; rabbits; retinopathy