title: Inhibition of mammalian DNA polymerases and the suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses by tyrosol from used activated charcoal waste generated during sake production.
abstract: The components adsorbed onto activated charcoal following the fermentation process of the Japanese rice wine "sake" have been studied with the aim of identifying suitable applications for this industrial food waste product. The absorbed materials were effectively extracted from the charcoal, and inhibited the activity of several mammalian DNA polymerases (pols). Subsequent purification of the extract afforded tyrosol [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol] as the active component, which selectively inhibited the activity of 11 mammalian pols with IC50 values in the range of 34.3-46.1 μM. In contrast, this compound did not influence the activities of plant or prokaryotic pols or any of the other DNA metabolic enzymes tested. Tyrosol suppressed both anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects in vivo, including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammatory mouse ear edema, and immunoglobulin E-induced passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice. These results suggested that this byproduct formed during the sake-brewing process could be used as an anti-inflammatory and/or antiallergic agent.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University , Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizushina
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: Isoko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishikori
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamisuki
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugawara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002606:Charcoal; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012275:Oryza; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D002606:Charcoal; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol