title: Visible, safe and certain endotracheal intubation using endoscope system and inhalation anesthesia for rats.
abstract: Anesthesia strongly influences laboratory animals, and it can also greatly affect the experimental data. Rats rank only second to mice in the number used in research fields, such as organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and imaging. Therefore, appropriate and effective anesthesia, including the protocol of the endotracheal intubation and inhalation anesthesia, is crucial. Hence, we evaluated these methods in this study. Twelve Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with M/M/B: 0.3/4/5, comprising of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg + 4.0 mg/kg + 5.0 mg/kg body weight/rat, respectively. An endotracheal tube was then intubated into the trachea. After intubation, the rats were connected to the inhalation anesthesia circuit using isoflurane, and vital signs were measured until 30 min after connection. All intubations were successfully finished within 1 min, and the values of the vital signs were normal and stable. In addition, histopathological observation of the trachea and lungs showed no trauma. These results suggest that this visible endotracheal intubation method is simple, reliable, safe and favorable with regard to the rats' welfare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiotani
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itano
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shioya
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D056152:Respiratory Rate
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane; D010100:Oxygen