title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of urolithiasis including dose-response relationship.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between alcohol consumption and the risk of urolithiasis by summarizing the results of published case-control and cohort studies and the potential dose-response association.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of articles up to February 2014 was conducted via PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, and the references of the retrieved articles. Fixed- or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the highest versus the lowest consumption of alcohol. A dose-response meta-analysis was also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled OR estimates indicated that alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of urolithiasis (OR=0.683, 95% CI 0.577-0.808). In addition, the dose-response meta-analysis indicated that the rate of urolithiasis decreased by 10% for a 10 g/day increase in alcohol intake (OR=0.898, 95% CI 0.851-0.948). No evidence of publication bias was found by Begg's or Egger's test (p=0.130, p=0.130, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis indicated that alcohol intake is associated with a decreased risk of urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiangyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065840:Protective Factors; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol