title: Coaxial electrospray of liquid core-hydrogel shell microcapsules for encapsulation and miniaturized 3D culture of pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: A novel coaxial electrospray technology is developed to generate microcapsules with a hydrogel shell of alginate and an aqueous liquid core of living cells using two aqueous fluids in one step. Approximately 50 murine embryonic stem (ES) cells encapsulated in the core with high viability (92.3 ± 2.9%) can proliferate to form a single ES cell aggregate of 128.9 ± 17.4 μm in each microcapsule within 7 days. Quantitative analyses of gene and protein expression indicate that ES cells cultured in the miniaturized 3D liquid core of the core-shell microcapsules have significantly higher pluripotency on average than the cells cultured on the 2D substrate or in the conventional 3D alginate hydrogel microbeads without a core-shell architecture. The higher pluripotency is further suggested by their significantly higher capability of differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes and higher expression of cardiomyocyte specific gene markers on average after directed differentiation under the same conditions. Considering its wide availability, easiness to set up and operate, reusability, and high production rate, the novel coaxial electrospray technology together with the microcapsule system is of importance for mass production of ES cells with high pluripotency to facilitate translation of the emerging pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine into the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. He.429@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Shuting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Pranay
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Haishui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Renliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weisleder
authors.forename: Wujie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020100:Hydrogels