title: Results of the AANS membership survey of adult spinal deformity knowledge: impact of training, practice experience, and assessment of potential areas for improved education: Clinical article.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery is increasing in the spinal neurosurgeon's practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of neurosurgeon AANS membership assessed the deformity knowledge base and impact of current training, education, and practice experience to identify opportunities for improved education. Eleven questions developed and agreed upon by experienced spinal deformity surgeons tested ASD knowledge and were subgrouped into 5 categories: (1) radiology/spinopelvic alignment, (2) health-related quality of life, (3) surgical indications, (4) operative technique, and (5) clinical evaluation. Chi-square analysis was used to compare differences based on participant demographic characteristics (years of practice, spinal surgery fellowship training, percentage of practice comprising spinal surgery).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 1456 neurosurgeons. Of these respondents, 57% had practiced less than 10 years, 20% had completed a spine fellowship, and 32% devoted more than 75% of their practice to spine. The overall correct answer percentage was 42%. Radiology/spinal pelvic alignment questions had the lowest percentage of correct answers (38%), while clinical evaluation and surgical indications questions had the highest percentage (44%). More than 10 years in practice, completion of a spine fellowship, and more than 75% spine practice were associated with greater overall percentage correct (p < 0.001). More than 10 years in practice was significantly associated with increased percentage of correct answers in 4 of 5 categories. Spine fellowship and more than 75% spine practice were significantly associated with increased percentage correct in all categories. Interestingly, the highest error was seen in risk for postoperative coronal imbalance, with a very low rate of correct responses (15%) and not significantly improved with fellowship (18%, p = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this survey suggest that ASD knowledge could be improved in neurosurgery. Knowledge may be augmented with neurosurgical experience, spinal surgery fellowships, and spinal specialization. Neurosurgical education should particularly focus on radiology/spinal pelvic alignment, especially pelvic obliquity and coronal imbalance and operative techniques for ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Roxanna M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Malla K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: Tyler R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Koski
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Justin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Shaffrey
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ames
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: AANS; AANS = American Association of Neurological Surgeons; ASD = adult spinal deformity; HRQOL = health-related quality of life; PPA = percent positive agreement; SANS = Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery; adult spinal deformity; education; knowledge base; survey