title: Low dose propranolol decreases orthodontic movement.
abstract: Low dose propranolol has previously been demonstrated to suppress bone remodelling. Therefore, its effect on orthodontic movement was tested.
  
  
  
  Rats were assigned as follows (n=5): animals with no orthodontic appliance (G1); the remaining groups were fitted with a Ni-Ti closed-coil spring ligated to the upper left first molar and connected to the incisors using metal and resin and received vehicle only (G2), 0.1mg/kg (G3) or 20mg/kg (G4) of propranolol orally. Cone Beam Computed Tomography was performed using high resolution for image capture. The distance between the first and second upper molars, both with and without the orthodontic appliance, was measured in millimetres. Gingival tissue was harvested and assessed for IL-1β and IL-6 using ELISA and for ICAM-1 and RANKL by Western blotting.
  
  
  
  The orthodontic appliance induced a significant tooth movement in G2 when compared to the animals without an orthodontic appliance (G1) (p<0.05). The animals from G3 showed a significantly reduction in tooth movement (p<0.05) when compared with rats from G2. Animals treated with 20mg/kg of propranolol (G4) showed tooth movement similar to that of G2. The reduced tooth movement observed in the animals treated with 0.1mg/kg of propranolol (G3) occurred due to decreased amounts of IL-1β and IL-6, in addition to lower ICAM-1 and RANKL expression.
  
  
  
  Low dose propranolol inhibits bone remodelling and orthodontic movement.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School and Research Center, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Lira
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Furtado
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Gomes
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: de Macedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Trindade
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Clemente-Napimoga
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Radiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School and Research Center, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena Bortolotto Felippe
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Radiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School and Research Center, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Roberto Coutinho
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Manhães
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Radiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School and Research Center, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Luiz Cintra
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School and Research Center, Campinas/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: napimogamh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Marcelo Henrique
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Napimoga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053245:RANK Ligand; C040654:titanium nickelide; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009532:Nickel; D011433:Propranolol; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bone; Orthodontic; Propranolol; Tooth movement