title: Urinary prognostic biomarkers in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a type of nephrotic syndrome which is diagnosed by renal biopsy. Degree of the proteinuria, renal dysfunction, histologic findings and the response to therapy are some factors used for evaluating the prognosis of FSGS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we attempted to discover some protein candidates for disease prognosis related to glomerular filtration rate (renal dysfunction).
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were collected from ten patients. Urine proteome was extracted and trypsinated. Digested peptides were separated and identified by nano-flow LC-MS/MS. Protein content were determined using label-free quantification method. Protein profiles were analyzed using supervised multivariate statistical method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Output of a predictive model was 54 significant proteins of which ribonuclease 2 and haptoglobin had the greatest fold change in terms of overrepresentation and underrepresentation in patients with the best and worse prognosis, respectively. Complement and coagulation cascades were the only significant pathways which were impaired in FSGS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary biomarkers can potentially be used as non-invasive prognostic markers. However these candidate biomarkers need further validation by an alternative method and in a larger cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalantari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nafar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samavat
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei-Tavirani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ; SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rutishauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ; SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zubarev
keywords: Complement Activation; Renal Dysfunction; Ribonuclease, Haptoglobins