title: The effects of metabolic syndrome and its components on arterial stiffness in relation to gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of gender-dependent metabolic risk factors on arterial stiffness has not been fully determined. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) according to gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 537 subjects (54.4±7.5 years and 70.6% men) who underwent baPWV measurement during routine check-ups were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BaPWV was 1363±229cm/s in men and 1387±269cm/s in women (p=0.313). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was not different according to gender (23% in men versus 27% in women, p=0.335). In multiple linear regression analyses, after adjustment for age, baPWV was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting glucose, and triglyceride in both genders. Waist circumference was associated with baPWV in women but not in men. High-density lipoprotein levels were not associated with baPWV in either gender. Subjects with metabolic syndrome had a higher baPWV than those without metabolic syndrome for women aged <55 years, but not for all men and women aged ≥55 years. As the number of the components of metabolic syndrome increased, baPWV increased proportionally in both genders. However, this correlation was more strong in women than that in men (β=0.408 versus β=0.146 after adjustment for age).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In middle-aged Koreans, women showed stronger associations between each component of metabolic syndrome and baPWV than men. The association of each component of metabolic syndrome to arterial stiffness may differ between men and women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hack-Lyoung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kma@brm.co.kr.
authors.forename: Myung-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; Gender; Metabolic syndrome