title: 0084 A Case-Control Study of Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids and Bladder Cancer Risk among Men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metalworking has been associated with bladder cancer risk in many studies. Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are suspected as the putative exposure, but epidemiologic data are limited. Based on state-of-the-art, quantitative exposure assessment, we examined MWF exposure and bladder cancer risk in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male cases (n = 895) and population controls (n = 1031) provided occupational histories and information on use of each of three MWF types: (1) straight (mineral oil, additives), (2) soluble (mineral oil, water, additives), and (3) synthetic (water, organics, additives) or semi-synthetic (soluble/synthetic hybrid), in response to exposure-oriented modules administered during personal interviews. We estimated the probability, frequency, and intensity of exposure to each MWF type and, if probability exceeded 50%, cumulative exposure. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for smoking and other risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk was increased for men reporting use of straight MWFs (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.8), with a significant trend with increasing cumulative exposure (p = 0.024). Use of soluble MWFs conferred a 50% elevated risk (95% CI=0.96-2.5). ORs were nonsignificantly elevated for synthetic MWFs, based on small numbers. Men who were never metalworkers, but held jobs with possible exposure to mineral oil, had a 40% increased risk (95% CI=1.1-1.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the most comprehensive assessment of MWF exposure in a bladder cancer case-control study, exposure to straight MWFs significantly increased bladder cancer risk, as did employment in non-metalworking jobs with possible mineral oil exposure. Our results strengthen prior evidence for mineral oil as a bladder carcinogen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colt
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friesen
authors.affiliation: Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, Arlington, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Park
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donguk
authors.affiliation: Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwenn
authors.affiliation: Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karagas
authors.affiliation: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Armenti
authors.affiliation: Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.affiliation: Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA.
authors.forename: Castine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verrill
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beane Freeman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dalsu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baris
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silverman