title: Heavy metals in vegetables and respective soils irrigated by canal, municipal waste and tube well waters.
abstract: Heavy metal contamination in the food chain is of serious concern due to the potential risks involved. The results of this study revealed the presence of maximum concentration of heavy metals in the canal followed by sewerage and tube well water. Similarly, the vegetables and respective soils irrigated with canal water were found to have higher heavy metal contamination followed by sewerage- and tube-well-watered samples. However, the heavy metal content of vegetables under study was below the limits as set by FAO/WHO, except for lead in canal-water-irrigated spinach (0.59 mg kg(-1)), radish pods (0.44 mg kg(-1)) and bitter gourd (0.33 mg kg(-1)). Estimated daily intakes of heavy metals by the consumption of selected vegetables were found to be well below the maximum limits. However, a complete estimation of daily intake requires the inclusion of other dietary and non-dietary exposure sources of heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Mamoona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zafar-ul-Hye
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D010154:Pakistan; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D060986:Water Wells / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: canal; daily intake; food; heavy metal; maximum limit; sewerage; soil; tube well; vegetable; water