title: [Urinary tract infections in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Transplantação Renal. Hospital de Santa Cruz. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bispo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Preventiva. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Milene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular. Hospital Egas Moniz. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular. Hospital Egas Moniz. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Transplantação Renal. Hospital de Santa Cruz. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: Domingos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Transplantação Renal. Hospital de Santa Cruz. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental. Lisboa. Portugal.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weigert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*