title: Extraction optimization, characterization and immunity activity of polysaccharides from Fructus Jujubae.
abstract: The versatile Fructus Jujubae is widely used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine. In this study, the extraction optimization, characterization and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides from Fructus Jujubae were investigated. Based on a four-variable-three-level Box-Behnken statistical design, the optimal extraction parameters were optimized as follows: extraction temperature 90 °C, extraction time 3.23 h, water to raw material ratio 33:1 and extraction 3 times. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 6.47 ± 0.26%, which was close to the predicted yield value (6.54%). The crude Fructus Jujubae polysaccharide was further purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography repeatedly, and two homogenous fractions, designated as RQP1d and RQP2d with molecular weight of 83.8 and 123.0 kDa respectively, were obtained. Their structures were determined by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, preliminary immunological tests indicated that both RQP1d and RQP2d significantly stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and promoted LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation. These data implied Fructus Jujubae polysaccharides had the potential to be explored as novel natural immunostimulant for using in functional foods or medicine.
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer City 843300, China; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China.
authors.forename: Guoting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Wuxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Qingjie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer City 843300, China.
authors.forename: Hongjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer City 843300, China. Electronic address: jduan@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water
keywords: Fructus Jujubae; Immunological activity; Polysaccharide; Response surface methodology; Structural characterization