title: Verbascoside--a review of its occurrence, (bio)synthesis and pharmacological significance.
abstract: Phenylethanoid glycosides are naturally occurring water-soluble compounds with remarkable biological properties that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Verbascoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside that was first isolated from mullein but is also found in several other plant species. It has also been produced by in vitro plant culture systems, including genetically transformed roots (so-called 'hairy roots'). Verbascoside is hydrophilic in nature and possesses pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties in addition to numerous wound-healing and neuroprotective properties. Recent advances with regard to the distribution, (bio)synthesis and bioproduction of verbascoside are summarised in this review. We also discuss its prominent pharmacological properties and outline future perspectives for its potential application.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: alipieva@orgchm.bas.bg.
authors.forename: Kalina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alipieva
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Russian Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova St. 1A, Moscow 117449, Russia.
authors.forename: Liudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korkina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilkay Erdogan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: milengeorgiev@gbg.bg.
authors.forename: Milen I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Georgiev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001682:Biological Availability; D002460:Cell Line; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: (Bio)synthesis; Acteoside; Anti-inflammatory; Cancer prevention; Cell suspension culture; Hairy roots; Phenylethanoid glycosides; Verbascum spp.