title: The promotion of a constructive macrophage phenotype by solubilized extracellular matrix.
abstract: The regenerative healing response of injured skeletal muscle is dependent upon a heterogeneous population of responding macrophages, which show a phenotypic transition from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the alternatively activated and constructive M2 phenotype. Biologic scaffolds derived from mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) have been used for the repair and reconstruction of a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, and have been associated with an M2 phenotype and a constructive and functional tissue response. The mechanism(s) behind in-vivo macrophage phenotype transition in skeletal muscle and the enhanced M2:M1 ratio associated with ECM bioscaffold use in-vivo are only partially understood. The present study shows that degradation products from ECM bioscaffolds promote alternatively activated and constructive M2 macrophage polarization in-vitro, which in turn facilitates migration and myogenesis of skeletal muscle progenitor cells.
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sicari
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Jenna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dziki
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Bernard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Medberry
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dearth
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, United States. Electronic address: badylaks@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Badylak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002633:Chemotaxis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology; D010641:Phenotype; D012995:Solubility; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
keywords: Extracellular matrix (ECM); Immune response; Immunomodulation; Macrophage; Progenitor cell; Stem cell