title: Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae).
abstract: Echinostoma paraensei is a trematode of the genus Echinostoma that causes echinostomiasis in humans. The objectives of this study were to: evaluate the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) on a solid medium 2% water-agar (2% WA) against E. paraensei eggs (assay A); evaluate ovicidal effect (destruction of eggs) of the isolate VC4 in supplemented culture media (assay B); and evaluate the ovicidal ability of the crude extract (VC4) on E. paraensei eggs (assay C). Eggs of E. paraensei (assay A) were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% WA with an isolate of the fungus P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) grown for 10 days, and without fungus as a control and evaluated regarding their destruction. In assay B, eggs of E. paraensei were placed in Petri dishes with different supplemented culture media and with VC4 isolate and the destruction of eggs was examined at the end of 25 days of interaction. In assay C, effects of the crude extract of P. chlamydosporia (VC4) on eggs were evaluated at the end of 7 days. In assay A, there was no difference (p>0.05) in ovicidal activity among the tested isolates (VC1 and VC4); however, the highest percentage for ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) was demonstrated by the isolate VC4. In assay B, the culture medium starch-agar showed the best results for the destruction of the eggs, with a percentage of 46.6% at the end of the assay. In assay C, the crude extract of VC4 was effective in the destruction of E. paraensei eggs, with a percentage reduction of 53%. The results of this study demonstrate that a rich culture medium with a greater availability of carbon and nitrogen may interfere directly in the predatory characteristics of ovicidal fungi.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil. Electronic address: rosaneteixeiralelis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosane Teixeira
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lelis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio Ribeiro
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorendane Millena
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Teixeira
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Milani
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Costa
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fausto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arnaldo Maldonado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Junior
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Victor Facchini
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filippe Elias
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: de Freitas Soares
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juberlan Silva
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jackson Victor
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: de Araújo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry*; D004449:Echinostoma / Q000382:microbiology*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics
keywords: Echinostoma paraensei; Nematophagous fungi; Pochonia chlamydosporia; Public health; Zoonosis