title: Evidence-based practice instruction by faculty members and librarians in North American optometry and ophthalmology programs.
abstract: North American optometry and ophthalmology faculty members and vision science librarians were surveyed online (14% response rate) about teaching evidence-based practice (EBP). Similar to studies of other health care programs, all five EBP steps (Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess) were taught to varying degrees. Optometry and ophthalmology EBP educators may want to place further emphasis on (1) the Apply and Assess steps, (2) faculty- and student-generated questions and self-assessment in clinical settings, (3) online teaching strategies, (4) programmatic integration of EBP learning objectives, and (5) collaboration between faculty members and librarians.
authors.affiliation: (corresponding author), kamacdonald@uwaterloo.ca , Head, Information Services and Resources, Dana Porter Library; patricia.hrynchak@uwaterloo.ca , Clinical Professor and Head, Primary Care Clinic, School of Optometry and Vision Science; marlee.spafford@uwaterloo.ca , Associate Dean of Science, Undergraduate Studies, and Professor, School of Optometry and Vision Science; University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.affiliation: (corresponding author), kamacdonald@uwaterloo.ca , Head, Information Services and Resources, Dana Porter Library; patricia.hrynchak@uwaterloo.ca , Clinical Professor and Head, Primary Care Clinic, School of Optometry and Vision Science; marlee.spafford@uwaterloo.ca , Associate Dean of Science, Undergraduate Studies, and Professor, School of Optometry and Vision Science; University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hrynchak
authors.affiliation: (corresponding author), kamacdonald@uwaterloo.ca , Head, Information Services and Resources, Dana Porter Library; patricia.hrynchak@uwaterloo.ca , Clinical Professor and Head, Primary Care Clinic, School of Optometry and Vision Science; marlee.spafford@uwaterloo.ca , Associate Dean of Science, Undergraduate Studies, and Professor, School of Optometry and Vision Science; University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Marlee M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Spafford
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice / Q000193:education*; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D016245:Librarians; D007993:Libraries, Medical; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D009907:Optometry / Q000193:education*; D014481:United States