title: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: structure, biological function and therapeutic applications.
abstract: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional secreted cytokines, which belong to the TGF-β superfamily. These glycoproteins act as a disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers, being potent regulators of bone and cartilage formation and repair, cell proliferation during embryonic development and bone homeostasis in the adult. BMPs are promising molecules for tissue engineering and bone therapy. The present review discusses this family of proteins, their structure and biological function, their therapeutic applications and drawbacks, their effects on mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, and the cell signaling pathways involved in this process.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; NUCEL-NETCEM Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, Medical Clinics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ancoc@iq.usp.br.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carreira
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: gutemberg.alves@id.uff.br.
authors.forename: Gutemberg Gomes
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: wzambuzzi@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: William Fernando
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Zambuzzi
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; NUCEL-NETCEM Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, Medical Clinics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mcsoga@iq.usp.br.
authors.forename: Mari Cleide
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sogayar
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Division, National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Department of Dental Materials, Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: jmgranjeiro@inmetro.gov.br.
authors.forename: José Mauro
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
keywords: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone repair; Extracellular matrix; Osteogenesis inducing proteins; Peptide growth factors; Tissue engineering