title: Enhanced bone healing around nanohydroxyapatite-coated polyetheretherketone implants: An experimental study in rabbit bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the bone response to threaded polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants coated with nanohydroxyapatite.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 PEEK implants were coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and 39 uncoated implants were used as controls. The implant surface was characterized by optical interferometry and scanning electron microscope. The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of 13 rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test implants showed significantly higher removal torque test values compared with the control group. Histomorphometric evaluation demonstrated higher bone-to-implant contact for the test implants; however, there were no differences in bone area between the groups. Qualitative histological analyses demonstrated inflammatory cellular reactions in close vicinity of both implant surfaces. A two-cell layer of foreign body giant cells was observed irrespective of sample type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that implants with a threaded design render good stability to PEEK in both coated and uncoated implants. Nanohydroxyapatite-coated PEEK implants demonstrated improved bone formation compared with uncoated controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Sargon.barkarmo@odontologi.gu.se.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barkarmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Promimic AB, Stena Center 1B, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.affiliation: Promimic AB, Stena Center 1B, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kjellin
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stenport
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D016348:Osseointegration; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Polyetheretherketone; hydroxyapatite; in vivo; nanotopography; osseointegration