title: The interaction of bacteria with engineered nanostructured polymeric materials: a review.
abstract: Bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of great advances in biomaterials research and development, a significant proportion of medical devices undergo bacterial colonization and become the target of an implant-related infection. We present a review of the two major classes of antibacterial nanostructured materials: polymeric nanocomposites and surface-engineered materials. The paper describes antibacterial effects due to the induced material properties, along with the principles of bacterial adhesion and the biofilm formation process. Methods for antimicrobial modifications of polymers using a nanocomposite approach as well as surface modification procedures are surveyed and discussed, followed by a concise examination of techniques used in estimating bacteria/material interactions. Finally, we present an outline of future sceneries and perspectives on antibacterial applications of nanostructured materials to resist or counteract implant infections.
authors.affiliation: Materials Engineering Center, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Armentano
authors.affiliation: Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla Renata
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Arciola
authors.affiliation: Materials Engineering Center, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fortunati
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy ; Department of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Materials Engineering Center, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering (CIT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Concetta Floriana
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering (CIT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: Materials Engineering Center, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy ; Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy ; Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensics, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbriani
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Via S. Boezio 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering (CIT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Visai
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011108:Polymers