title: Longitudinal, 3D in vivo imaging of sebaceous glands by coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy: normal function and response to cryotherapy.
abstract: Sebaceous glands perform complex functions, and they are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Current techniques for studying sebaceous glands are mostly static in nature, whereas the gland's main function-excretion of sebum via the holocrine mechanism-can only be evaluated over time. We present a longitudinal, real-time alternative-the in vivo, label-free imaging of sebaceous glands using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy, which is used to selectively visualize lipids. In mouse ears, CARS microscopy revealed dynamic changes in sebaceous glands during the holocrine secretion process, as well as in response to damage to the glands caused by cooling. Detailed gland structure, plus the active migration of individual sebocytes and cohorts of sebocytes, were measured. Cooling produced characteristic changes in sebocyte structure and migration. This study demonstrates that CARS microscopy is a promising tool for studying the sebaceous gland and its associated disorders in three dimensions in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Yookyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ray Jalian
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rox Anderson
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address: Evans.Conor@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Conor L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D000818:Animals; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact; D005260:Female; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*