title: Clinical profile of Parkinson's disease in the Gumei community of Minhang district, Shanghai.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the demographic and clinical profiles of Parkinson's disease in Shanghai, China, to assist in disease management and provide comparative data on Parkinson's disease prevalence, phenotype, and progression among different regions and ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A door-to-door survey and follow-up clinical examinations identified 180 community-dwelling Han-Chinese Parkinson's disease patients (104 males, 76 females).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at onset was 65.16 ± 9.60 years. The most common initial symptom was tremor (112 patients, 62.22%), followed by rigidity (38, 21.11%), bradykinesia (28, 15.56%) and tremor plus rigidity (2, 1.11%). Tremor as the initial symptom usually began in a single limb (83.04% of patients). The average duration from onset to mild Parkinson's disease (Hoehn-Yahr phase 1-2) was 52.74 ± 45.64 months. Progression from mild to moderate/severe Parkinson's disease (phase ≥ 3) was significantly slower (87.07 ± 58.72 months; p<0.001), except for patients presenting initially with bradykinesia (53.83 ± 24.49 months). Most patients (149/180, 82.78%) took levodopa with or without other drugs. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale revealed symptoms of clinical anxiety in 35 patients, and the Hamilton Depression Scale revealed depressive symptoms in 88 patients. The depressed or anxious subgroup (123 patients) demonstrated a significantly younger age at onset (55.54 ± 7.68 years) compared with the overall mean (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral limb tremor was the most common initial symptom, and motor function deteriorated slowly over ≅4-9 years. Earlier-onset patients experience greater psychiatric dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kangyong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhaohua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Minhang District, Center of Gumei Community, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fudan University Affiliated Fifthth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yinyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meizhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult