title: Consumption of added sugars among US children and adults by food purchase location and food source.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The proposed changes to the Nutrition Facts Label by the US Food and Drug Administration will include information on added sugars for the first time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the sources of added sugars in the diets of a representative sample of US children and adults by food purchase location and food source (eg, food group).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study among 31,035 children, adolescents, and adults aged ≥6 y from the 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010 NHANES used data from a 24-h dietary recall to evaluate consumption of added sugars. Food locations of origin were identified as stores (supermarket or grocery store), quick-service restaurants/pizza (QSRs), full-service restaurants (FSRs), schools, and others (eg, vending machines or gifts). Added sugars consumption by food purchase location was evaluated by age, family income-to-poverty ratio, and race-ethnicity. Food group sources of added sugars were identified by using the National Cancer Institute food categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Added sugars accounted for ∼14.1% of total dietary energy. Between 65% and 76% of added sugars came from stores, 6% and 12% from QSRs, and 4% and 6% from FSRs, depending on age. Older adults (aged ≥51 y) obtained a significantly greater proportion of added sugars from stores than did younger adults. Lower-income adults obtained a significantly greater proportion of added sugars from stores than did higher-income adults. Intake of added sugars did not vary by family income among children/adolescents. Soda and energy and sports drinks were the largest food group sources of added sugars (34.4%), followed by grain desserts (12.7%), fruit drinks (8.0%), candy (6.7%), and dairy desserts (5.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most added sugars came from foods obtained from stores. The proposed changes to the Nutrition Facts Label should capture the bulk of added sugars in the US food supply, which suggests that the recommended changes have the potential to reduce added sugars consumption.
authors.affiliation: From l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (AD), and the Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDR).
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drewnowski
authors.affiliation: From l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (AD), and the Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (CDR).
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Rehm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000639:trends*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose