title: Individualized Asian rhinoplasty: a systematic approach to facial balance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian rhinoplasty, and rhinoplasty performed in other ethnic groups, remains a challenging operation for plastic surgeons. Precise clinical analysis and systematic planning preoperatively are widely accepted as the keys to success. Although a variety of analytical techniques have been published for other ethnic groups, a systematic approach for Asian rhinoplasty remains underrepresented in the current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic approach and a stepwise technique were developed concomitantly with concepts in facial balance and proper preoperative evaluation for Asian patients. A retrospective review of 110 cases in 4 years was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up ranged from 6 to 48 months. Satisfactory results were achieved in 86 percent of cases. Typical cases were also reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The systematic approach in Asian rhinoplasty presents a way to link appropriate analysis with specific techniques aimed at the subtleties of Asian rhinoplasty. This leads toward the individual's aesthetic goals. In the authors' experience, this approach allows for predictable and optimized results for this challenging procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, IV.
authors.affiliation: Beijing, People's Republic of China; and Dallas, Texas From the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union, Medical College; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
authors.forename: Zhanqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jacob G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roostaeian
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.forename: Rod J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rohrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001504:Beauty; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult