title: All-optical vector atomic magnetometer.
abstract: We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the ac Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of ∼65  fT/√[Hz] in measurement of the field magnitude and 0.5  mrad/√[Hz] in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to 12  fT/√[Hz] and 10  μrad/√[Hz], respectively. Applications for this all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhivun
authors.affiliation: Southwest Sciences Ohio Operations, Cincinnati, Ohio 45244, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hovde
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Budker
mesh_terms: D002586:Cesium / Q000737:chemistry; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002586:Cesium