title: (Self-) infections with parasites: re-interpretations for the present.
abstract: Previously, scientists sometimes resorted to infecting themselves or colleagues with parasites, usually to assess the pathogenicity and obtain insight into the life cycles of the parasites, host specificity, and epidemiology. However, with recent research addressing the possible beneficial impact of intestinal helminths on a range of immune-mediated diseases in humans, these studies offer valuable information, although many are now considered unethical owing to a lack of experimental oversight and informed consent. Here, we critically review cases in which humans were deliberately infected with parasites. Moreover, we summarize the contribution of (self-) infections and propose protist and helminth candidates, chosen on the basis of several criteria, to test as possible therapy for selected human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic. Electronic address: jula@paru.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukeš
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuchta
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pomajbíková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000276:immunology; D006376:Helminths / Q000276:immunology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D055633:Immune System Phenomena; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission*
keywords: autoimmune diseases; helminth therapy; helminths; protists; self-infection; volunteers