title: Freezing of gait in Chinese patients with Parkinson disease.
abstract: A total of 474 Chinese Parkinson disease (PD) patients were evaluated to explore the prevalence and clinical correlates of freezing of gait (FOG) in this cross-sectional study. Two hundred and twenty-one PD patients (46.62%) reported FOG (freezers). FOG occurred more frequently in older patients and patients with low limbs as the site of onset, longer disease duration and higher Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the freezers had higher scores for the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), PD Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and lower scores for the Mini-Mental status examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) compared with the non-freezers (P<0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that festination, falls, a high daily dose of levodopa, the use of a dopamine receptor agonist, a high H&Y stage, the severity of urinary symptoms and a high HAMD score were associated with FOG. FOG is a relatively common disabling symptom in Chinese PD patients. Patients that were older, or reported a longer disease duration, low limbs as the site of onset and a more severe disability were more likely to experience FOG. Non-motor symptoms, especially urinary symptoms and depression, may also be related to FOG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Ruwei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: hfshang2002@126.com.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D046352:Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Festination; Freezing of gait; Gait disorder; Non-motor symptoms; Parkinson disease; Prevalence