title: Suppression of the N1 auditory evoked potential for sounds generated by the upper and lower limbs.
abstract: Sensory attenuation is typically observed for self-generated compared to externally generated action effects. In the present study we investigated whether auditory sensory suppression is modulated as a function of sounds being generated by the upper or lower limbs. We report sensory attenuation, as reflected in a reduced auditory N1 component, which was comparable for sounds generated by the lower and the upper limbs. Increasing temporal delays between actions and sounds did not modulate suppression of the N1 component, but did have an effect on the latency of the N1 component. In contrast, for the P2 component sensory suppression was only observed for sounds generated by the hands and presented at short latencies. These findings provide new insight into the functional and neural dynamics of sensory suppression and suggest the existence of comparable agency mechanisms for both the upper and the lower limbs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vanelk@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Elk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kannape
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blanke
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D013016:Sound; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Agency; Auditory N1; EEG; Efferent copy; Forward models; Sensory suppression; Upper and lower limbs