title: Consultation about urinary and faecal incontinence in the year after childbirth: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent to which primary-care practitioners routinely inquire about postpartum urinary and faecal incontinence, and assess the proportion of women who disclose symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective pregnancy cohort study of nulliparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Melbourne, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1507 nulliparous women recruited in early pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were recruited from six public maternity hospitals, with follow up at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardised measures of urinary and bowel symptoms, and measures of health service use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first 12 months postpartum, the period prevalence of urinary incontinence was 47%, and of faecal incontinence was 17%. In all, 86% of women visited a primary health-care practitioner at least once to discuss their own health in the first year after childbirth. However, only around a quarter were asked about urinary incontinence, and fewer than one in five women were asked about faecal incontinence. Discussion of symptoms with health professionals was most likely to occur in the first 3 months postpartum, and happened only rarely during the remainder of the first postnatal year. Over 70% of women reporting severe urinary incontinence and/or faecal incontinence had not discussed symptoms with a health professional.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings provide robust evidence that many women experiencing postpartum urinary and faecal incontinence—including women with moderate and severe symptoms—do not receive adequate primary-care follow up in the first 12 months postpartum. Systems of maternal health surveillance need to include routine inquiry about urinary and faecal incontinence to overcome women's reluctance to seek help.
authors.affiliation: Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.|General Practice and Primary Health Care Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gartland
authors.affiliation: Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perlen
authors.affiliation: Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacArthur
mesh_terms: D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Faecal incontinence; help seeking; pregnancy cohort; primary care; urinary incontinence