title: Mycoflora and deoxynivalenol in whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) from Southern Brazil.
abstract: The fungal species Fusarium graminearum is related to deoxynivalenol (DON) formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate mycoflora and DON occurrence in 53 whole wheat grain samples collected in Southern Brazil during the 2012 crop. Wheat grains showed adequate values of water activity ranging from 0.48 to 0.72, within the required limits of moisture content, ranging from 9.1% to 13.9%. In addition, low counts of fungal colonies, ranging from 10 to 8.2 × 10(2), were found. For Fusarium genera, there was predominance of Fusarium verticillioides (34%) and F graminearum (30.2%). For Aspergillus species, 37.7% of Aspergillus flavus was determined. Regarding the Penicillium species, Penicillium digitatum (49%) was the most found species. DON was detected in 47.2% (25 out of 53) of the samples analysed, with levels ranging from 243.7 to 2281.3 µg kg(-1) (mean: 641.9 µg kg(-1)).
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Food Science and Technology Department , Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis , Brazil.
authors.forename: Geovana D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Savi
authors.forename: Karim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.forename: Casiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tibola
authors.forename: Vildes M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Scussel
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Fusarium graminearum; deoxynivalenol; mycoflora; wheat grains