title: Increased expression of stress inducible protein 1 in glioma-associated microglia/macrophages.
abstract: Factors released by glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) play an important role in the growth and infiltration of tumors. We have previously demonstrated that the co-chaperone stress-inducible protein 1 (STI1) secreted by microglia promotes proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines in vitro. In the present study, in order to investigate the role of STI1 in a physiological context, we used a glioma model to evaluate STI1 expression in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that STI1 expression in both the tumor and in the infiltrating GAMs and lymphocytes significantly increased with tumor progression. Interestingly, high expression of STI1 was observed in macrophages and lymphocytes that infiltrated brain tumors, whereas STI1 expression in the circulating blood monocytes and lymphocytes remained unchanged. Our results correlate, for the first time, the expression of STI1 and glioma progression, and suggest that STI1 expression in GAMs and infiltrating lymphocytes is modulated by the brain tumor microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carvalho da Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuebo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
authors.forename: Leying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia Regina Souza
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, United States. Electronic address: bbadie@coh.org.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D005910:Glioma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C471885:Cx3cr1 protein, mouse; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C489791:Stip1 protein, mouse
keywords: Brain tumor microenvironment; Glioma; Glioma progression; Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages; Stress-inducible protein 1