title: Host tropism of infectious salmon anaemia virus in marine and freshwater fish species.
abstract: The aquatic orthomyxovirus infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) causes a severe disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Although some ISA outbreaks are caused by horizontal transmission of virus between farms, the source and reservoir of the virus is largely unknown and a wild host has been hypothesized. Atlantic salmon are farmed in open net-pens, allowing transmission of pathogens from wild fish and the surrounding environment to the farmed fish. In this study, a large number of fish species were investigated for ISAV host potential. For orthomyxoviruses, a specific receptor binding is the first requirement for infection; thus, the fish species were investigated for the presence of the ISAV receptor. The receptor was found to be widely distributed across the fish species. All salmonids expressed the receptor. However, only some of the cod-like and perch-like fish did, and all flat fish were negative. In the majority of the positive species, the receptor was found on endothelial cells and/or on red blood cells. The study forms a basis for further investigations and opens up the possibility for screening species to determine whether a wild host of ISAV exists.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aamelfot
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McBeath
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Falk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000821:virology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005399:Fishes / Q000821:virology; D005618:Fresh Water; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D046829:Isavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000821:virology; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; C060814:hemagglutinin esterase
keywords: 4-O-Acetylated sialic acid; Atlantic salmon; orthomyxovirus; virus histochemistry; virus reservior