title: Porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy in the treatment of early oesophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gold standard treatment of early oesophageal carcinoma is oesophagectomy but the elderly population affected are often medically unfit for this radical intervention and less invasive curative options are required. We describe our experience of porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative to surgery in such a patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1999 to 2005 28 oesophageal cancer patients were found to have early stage disease based initially on endoscopy/CT and latterly on CT/endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria. Although potentially suitable for major surgical resection these patients were judged to be medically unfit and were selected to have PDT. Patients were followed up endoscopically at 6-12-week intervals indefinitely with biopsy of the treated area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18/28 patients had an initial complete response 8 weeks post procedure. One patient died before reassessment of unrelated disease. Nine patients were non-responders. 7/18 complete responders remained disease free for a mean follow up period of 1166 days (249-2019). 11/18 developed recurrent local disease treated with further PDT with a median survival of 770 days (254-2049). Fourteen patients had EUS staging which accurately predicted response: all T1N0 patients (9/14) had initial complete response to treatment although 5/9 have required further PDT. All remain disease free at a follow up of 1103 days (249-2019). No patients with T2/3N0 disease had complete response to treatment. The major complication of PDT encountered was stricture formation which occurred in 50% of cases and required a median of five dilations (range 1-31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porfimer sodium PDT is a potentially curative treatment in patients with early oesophageal carcinoma who may be unfit or unwilling to undergo major surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Mairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fullarton