title: The UF Family of hybrid phantoms of the pregnant female for computational radiation dosimetry.
abstract: Efforts to assess in utero radiation doses and related quantities to the developing fetus should account for the presence of the surrounding maternal tissues. Maternal tissues can provide varying levels of protection to the fetus by shielding externally-emitted radiation or, alternatively, can become sources of internally-emitted radiation following the biokinetic uptake of medically-administered radiopharmaceuticals or radionuclides located in the surrounding environment--as in the case of the European Union's SOLO project (Epidemiological Studies of Exposed Southern Urals Populations). The University of Florida had previously addressed limitations in available computational phantom representation of the developing fetus by constructing a series of hybrid computational fetal phantoms at eight different ages and three weight percentiles. Using CT image sets of pregnant patients contoured using 3D-DOCTOR(TM), the eight 50th percentile fetal phantoms from that study were systematically combined in Rhinoceros(TM) with the UF adult non-pregnant female to yield a series of reference pregnant female phantoms at fetal ages 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 38 weeks post-conception. Deformable, non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces were utilized to alter contoured maternal anatomy in order to (1) accurately position and orient each fetus and surrounding maternal tissues and (2) match target masses of maternal soft tissue organs to reference data reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: J Crayton Pruitt Family Departmet of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: Nelia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Nash S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Moawad
authors.forename: Roger Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Shifrin
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Wesley E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012016:Reference Values