title: Is cardiorespiratory fitness a determinant of cardiomyopathy in the setting of type 2 diabetes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether high fitness attenuates the defects in left ventricular (LV) structure, function and triglyceride (TG) content in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 74) with T2DM and ≥1 additional cardiac risk factor were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Outcome measures of interest were LV structure and function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and myocardial TG content by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The primary exposure variable was cardiorespiratory fitness defined by peak oxygen consumption scaled to fat-free mass (FFM; VO2peak-FFM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 53.5 years; 42.9% were women and mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.0% with the mean duration of T2DM 8.2 years. VO2peak-FFM was crudely associated with both LV end systolic (r = 0.35, p = 0.002) and diastolic volumes (r = 0.32, p = 0.004), but not with ejection fraction (r = -0.15, p = 0.206), myocardial TG (r = -0.04, p = 0.734) or early diastolic peak filling rate (PFR; r = -0.01, p = 0.887). In multiple linear regression analyses, among measures of LV structure/function, VO2peak-FFM was independently associated only with LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) (β = 1.037, p = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In individuals with T2DM at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, cardiorespiratory fitness is not associated with LV morphology, function or myocardial TG content.
authors.affiliation: Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sénéchal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Colby R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lidia S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Szczepaniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: M Odette
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: See
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shuaib M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jarett D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Darren K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada JMcGavock@mich.ca.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McGavock
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Obesity; diabetes mellitus; ectopic fat; exercise