title: Cardiovascular and mortality risks in older Medicare patients treated with varenicline or bupropion for smoking cessation: an observational cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare cardiovascular and mortality risks in elderly patients treated with varenicline or bupropion for smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elderly Medicare beneficiaries were entered into new-user cohorts of varenicline or bupropion for smoking cessation and followed on therapy for primary outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, mortality, and a composite of any of these events. Secondary outcomes were unstable angina, coronary revascularization, and a composite of any primary or secondary outcome event. Propensity score stratification was used to adjust for baseline differences in potential confounding factors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards, with bupropion as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cohorts of 74 824 varenicline and 14 133 bupropion users, there were 164 AMI, 96 stroke, 87 death, 317 primary composite, and 814 secondary composite events while on therapy. The HRs (95%CI) were 0.79 (0.50-1.24) for AMI, 1.27 (0.63-2.55) for stroke, 0.58 (0.30-1.13) for death, 0.84 (0.58-1.23) for the primary composite, and 0.92 (0.73-1.14) for the secondary composite. The risk of AMI or the primary composite outcome did not differ in subgroups defined by age, diabetes status, or presence of underlying ischemic heart disease. Only 30% of patients remained on either study drug beyond their first prescription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular and mortality risks were not increased in older patients treated with varenicline compared with bupropion for smoking cessation. A potential increase in the risk of stroke with varenicline could not be excluded. Treatment persistence with either drug was low. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
authors.affiliation: Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Kunthel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: By
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKean
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosholder
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kornegay
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Racoosin
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levenson
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: MaCurdy
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Worrall
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States; D000068580:Varenicline
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion; D000068580:Varenicline
keywords: bupropion; cardiovascular risk; mortality; pharmacoepidemiology; varenicline