title: Risk factors for urinary incontinence among women aged 60 or over with hypertension in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the associated risk factors and the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among women with hypertension (H/T) aged 60 or over in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2410 women aged 60 or over were selected by a multistage random sampling method and a total of 1519 women completed the face-to-face interviews. Only women who answered "yes" to the question "Do you have H/T?" were included in the H/T sample. The factors were assessed by frequency and Pearson's χ(2) test using a significance level of p < 0.05. Logistic regression was used to investigate the significance of dichotomous dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 39.7% (602 women) interviewees had H/T, among which 39.9% (240 women) had UI symptoms. The prevalence of UI among women aged 60 or over with or without H/T was significantly different (p = 0.006). Risk factors were age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.043, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.016-1.071, per year], diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 1.653, 95% CI 1.105-2.474), previous urinary diseases (OR = 3.462, 95% CI 2.260-5.301), and body mass index (BMI; OR = 1.060, 95% CI 1.012-1.110, per unit). There was no significant association between UI and drug allergy, smoking, hysterectomy, hormone therapy, or gynecological surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UI can be a frequent and annoying problem for aged women. In women with H/T, UI is significantly related to risk factors such as age, DM, BMI, and urinary diseases. In addition, BMI is considered a key risk factor for H/T. Therefore, effective control of BMI would help in controlling H/T and UI in aged women.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keng-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: ug.doc@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Ching-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Business and Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tian-Shyug
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: hypertension; prevalence; risk factor; urinary incontinence