title: Low serum level of 1,25(OH)2 D is associated with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D has been studied primarily for its involvement in calcium and phosphate absorption and bone metabolism. The active form of vitamin D-1,25(OH)2 D-has also been investigated for its immune modulatory properties. We explored associations between serum levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D and periodontal health.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study included 55 subjects with chronic periodontitis (cases) and 30 periodontally healthy subjects (controls). Their serum levels of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2 D, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Associations between vitamin D and periodontal health status were studied using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant association was found between serum 1,25(OH)2 D level and periodontal health status; in that subjects with a low 1,25(OH)2 D were more likely to belong to the periodontitis group (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00). There was practically no association between 25(OH)D level and periodontal health status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case-control study low serum 1,25(OH)2 D level appeared to be associated with periodontitis, which was in line with the previously reported associations between serum 1,25(OH)2 D levels and other inflammatory diseases. Whether this association is causal in nature, remains to be confirmed in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Antonoglou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raunio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karttunen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylöstalo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: calcifediol; calcitriol; inflammation; periodontitis; serum