title: Antecedents, consequences and interventions for workplace bullying.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The issue of workplace bullying has become an area of research interest in the last 3 decades. Much of the extant literature is published in the business management journals. This is problematic as the targets of workplace bullying may need psychiatric treatment; as a discipline, therefore psychiatrists may benefit from a deeper understanding of the nature of workplace bullying and its sequelae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is still no agreed upon definition, although most definitions include similar criteria. Managers and human resources personnel frequently have difficulty identifying and effectively managing workplace bullying. The consequences for the targets of bullying can be severe; they may need psychiatric treatment and it can have a lifelong impact. There is a paucity of research into effective prevention and intervention programs. Preventive measures that focus on the whole workplace culture or on targets alone have mixed results. Workplace policies and procedures may lessen the prevalence and incidence of bullying, but often competing interests of senior management, human resources personnel, supervisors and workers may mitigate any antibullying interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although psychiatrists are likely to treat the targets of bullying, bullying has yet to attract much attention as a research topic in psychiatry. Although the consequences of bullying can be severe for both targets and workplaces, prevention strategies are hampered by competing interests.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D058445:Bullying; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D017132:Workplace