title: Nuclear dynamics of topoisomerase IIβ reflects its catalytic activity that is regulated by binding of RNA to the C-terminal domain.
abstract: DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) changes DNA topology by cleavage/re-ligation cycle(s) and thus contributes to various nuclear DNA transactions. It is largely unknown how the enzyme is controlled in a nuclear context. Several studies have suggested that its C-terminal domain (CTD), which is dispensable for basal relaxation activity, has some regulatory influence. In this work, we examined the impact of nuclear localization on regulation of activity in nuclei. Specifically, human cells were transfected with wild-type and mutant topo IIβ tagged with EGFP. Activity attenuation experiments and nuclear localization data reveal that the endogenous activity of topo IIβ is correlated with its subnuclear distribution. The enzyme shuttles between an active form in the nucleoplasm and a quiescent form in the nucleolus in a dynamic equilibrium. Mechanistically, the process involves a tethering event with RNA. Isolated RNA inhibits the catalytic activity of topo IIβ in vitro through the interaction with a specific 50-residue region of the CTD (termed the CRD). Taken together, these results suggest that both the subnuclear distribution and activity regulation of topo IIβ are mediated by the interplay between cellular RNA and the CRD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan otsukimi@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kimiko M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055162:Biocatalysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000201:enzymology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D051379:Mice; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012313:RNA; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II