title: Agrichemicals chronically inhibit the cortisol response to stress in fish.
abstract: We studied the stress response of Rhamdia quelen fingerlings at 45, 90, 135 and 180 d following acute exposure to agrichemicals. Herein, we report the novel observation that acute exposure of fingerling-aged fish to a methyl parathion-based insecticide (MPBI) and to a tebuconazole-based fungicide (TBF) induced chronic inhibition of the stress response. In contrast, fish exposed to an atrazine-simazine-based herbicide (ASBH) recovered the stress response on day 45, and fish exposed to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) did not present stress response inhibition. Additionally, fish exposed to MPBI, GBH and ASBH showed lower survival rates and attained lower final weights. In the case of TBF, the presence of the stressful stimulus more strongly influenced the changes in the performance parameters than did the agrichemical exposure itself. An impairment of the cortisol response may seriously hamper the adaptive response and the ability to promote the necessary metabolic and ionic adjustments to respond to environmental stress.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: gessikoakoski@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Gessi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koakoski
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: piscicultura@upf.br.
authors.forename: Rosmari Mezzalira
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: daianeferreira0904@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daiane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: thiago_a.oliveira@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Thiago Acosta
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: joaogabriel.sr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: João Gabriel Santos
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: alessandra@unilasalle.com.br.
authors.forename: Murilo Sander
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: gusso.d@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Darlan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gusso
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitário La Salle - Unilasalle, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais em Mineração, Canoas, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: abreu.murilo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marqueze
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: lckreutz@upf.br.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kreutz
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: anacvg@upf.br.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Vendrameto
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: michelefagundes@upf.br.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Campus I, Bairro São José, Caixa Postal 611, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: lbarcellos@upf.br.
authors.forename: Leonardo José Gil
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barcellos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes / Q000502:physiology*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Atrazine–simazine; Endocrine disruption; Glyphosate; HPI axis; Methyl-parathion; Tebuconazole