title: Efficacy of S-1 in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine that consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate. It has been developed as a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil with the goal of improving therapeutic efficacy and tolerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review aims to provide an evidence-based update of clinical trials that have investigated the clinical efficacy, adverse-event profile, dosage and administration of S-1, given alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics and new target-oriented drugs, in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, differences in the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of S-1 between Caucasians and Asians have been described. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of S-1 regarding metastatic CRC or postoperative CRC has been discussed. Available data have stimulated further research, including Phase III trials for the treatment of advanced CRC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment using S-1 combined with oxaliplatin (± bevacizumab) and irinotecan has achieved promising results in terms of feasibility, safety and effectiveness. Furthermore, S-1 is an acceptable treatment as adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556 , Japan +81 96 373 5212 ; +81 96 371 4378 ; Ehdobaba@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002166:Camptothecin
keywords: S-1; chemotherapy; colorectal cancer; oral fluoropyrimidine