title: Work, family, support, and depression: employed mothers in Israel, Korea, and the United States.
abstract: Our research revealed differences in work-family constructs for employed mothers in 3 countries, Israel (N = 105), Korea (N = 298), and the United States (N = 305). Although levels of work-family conflict were comparable, the Korean women had the lowest levels of work-family enrichment compared with the Israeli and American mothers. Moreover, Korean women reported the most depression and the least support from both spouses and employers. Spousal support mediated the relationship between work-family conflict and depression for employed mothers in Israel, Korea, and the United States. As hypothesized by conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 1998, 2001), threat of resource loss (operationalized as work-family conflict) was related to depression more strongly than was resource gain (i.e., work-family enrichment).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Montgomery College.
authors.forename: Heather V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Ganginis Del Pino
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University.
authors.forename: Sung-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Jaime and Joan Constantiner School of Education, Tel Aviv University.
authors.forename: Rachel Gali
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cinamon
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling, Korea Counseling Graduate University.
authors.forename: Young-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult