title: Photostable bipolar fluorescent probe for video tracking plasma membranes related cellular processes.
abstract: Plasma membranes can sense the stimulations and transmit the signals from extracellular environment and then make further responses through changes in locations, shapes or morphologies. Common fluorescent membrane markers are not well suited for long time tracking due to their shorter retention time inside plasma membranes and/or their lower photostability. To this end, we develop a new bipolar marker, Mem-SQAC, which can stably insert into plasma membranes of different cells and exhibits a long retention time over 30 min. Mem-SQAC also inherits excellent photostability from the BODIPY dye family. Large two-photon absorption cross sections and long wavelength fluorescence emissions further enhance the competitiveness of Mem-SQAC as a membrane marker. By using Mem-SQAC, significant morphological changes of plasma membranes have been monitored during heavy metal poisoning and drug induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells; the change tendencies are so distinctly different from each other that they can be used as indicators to distinguish different cell injuries. Further on, the complete processes of endocytosis toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by RAW 264.7 cells have been dynamically tracked. It is discovered that plasma membranes take quite different actions in response to the two bacteria, information unavailable in previous research reports.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and ‡School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Xinfu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liji
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes