title: Secondary biliary cholestasis promotes testicular macrophage infiltration and autophagy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholestasis can cause translocation of gut bacteria, and endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation. Now, little is known about the effects of cholestasis on the testicular inflammation and autophagy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat biliary cholestasis model caused by common bile duct ligation (CBDL), together with biliary decompression (choledochoduodenostomy), was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The magnitude of MCP-1 expression and CD68(+) macrophage infiltration within testes was progressively up-regulated in rats along with increasing duration of CBDL and was maintained at relatively high level in rats with biliary decompression. The large up-regulation of testicular ATG-12, LC3II, and autophagic vacuoles was found with the extending duration of CBDL and kept at 5 weeks following biliary decompression. The autophagic contents were a large accumulation of mitophagy in testes in rats with CBDL, and cytosol components in rats with biliary decompression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary biliary cholestasis can promote inflammatory reaction and the activation of mitophagy and autophagy in testes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hai-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: You-Fa
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wen-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002768:Choledochostomy / Q000379:methods; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C539355:CD68 protein, rat; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; C526109:Anxa3 protein, rat
keywords: Autophagic vacuole; choledochoduodenostomy; cholestasis; macrophage; mitophagy; monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1; rat; testes