title: Extraction optimisation and isolation of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum and their effect on human carcinoma cell growth.
abstract: The response surface methodology was used to optimise the extraction conditions of Ganoderma lucidum based on a Box-Behnken design. A quadratic model sufficiently simulated the response of ganoderic acid H with a determination coefficient (R(2)) of 0.98. The optimal condition for extracting triterpenoids was determined to be 100.00% ethanol at 60.22°C for 6.00 h, under which the yield of the reference triterpenoid ganoderic acid H increased from 0.88 to 2.09 mg/g powder. Following extraction, triterpenoid-enriched fraction was further isolated into 23 fractions, and 7 fractions were identified as ganoderic acids A, B, D, G, H and I and ganoderenic acid D. Of the seven triterpenoids, ganoderenic acid D was most cytotoxic with IC50 values of 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.18 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.03 mg/mL in Hep G2, Hela and Caco-2 cells, respectively. While ganoderic acids A, G and H were relatively non-cytotoxic. The variation of inhibitory effects for these triterpenoids was likely related to their chemical structures.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.
authors.forename: Weimei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Andrew Hiang He
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Lau Gek
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Popovich
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007810:Lanosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D014315:Triterpenes; C556862:ganoderic acid; C515007:ganoderic acid H; D007810:Lanosterol
keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; cytotoxicity; isolation; response surface methodology; triterpenoids