title: Novel anti-infective activities of chitosan immobilized titanium surface with enhanced osteogenic properties.
abstract: We have covalently immobilized chitosan onto a titanium (Ti) surface to manage implant-related infection and poor osseointegration, two of the major complications of orthopedic implants. The Ti surface was first treated with sulfuric acid (SA) and then covalently grafted with chitosan. Surface roughness, contact angle and surface zeta potential of the samples were markedly increased by the sulfuric acid treatment and the subsequent chitosan immobilization. The chitosan-immobilized Ti (SA-CS-Ti) showed two novel antimicrobial roles: it (a) prevented the invasion and internalization of bacteria into the osteoblast-like cells, and (b) significantly increased the susceptibility of adherent bacteria to antibiotics. In addition, the sulfuric acid-treated Ti (SA-Ti) and SA-CS-Ti led to significantly increased (P<0.05) osteoblast-like cell attachment, enhanced cell proliferation, and better osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghimire
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
authors.forename: Ruogu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. Electronic address: yuyu_sun@uml.edu.
authors.forename: Yuyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA. Electronic address: Ying.Deng@usd.edu.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D048271:Chitosan; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Antibiotic-susceptibility; Chitosan immobilization; Internalization; Invasion; Osteogenic differentiation