title: Topical ALA-PDT modifies neutrophils' chemiluminescence, lymphocytes' interleukin-1beta secretion and serum level of transforming growth factor beta1 in patients with nonmelanoma skin malignancies A clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for the effective treatment of tumors. It has been shown in studies conducted on malignant cell lines and various animal tumor models, that the interaction of photosensitizing substances with light leads to the release of cytotoxic substances and stimulates the immune response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to analyze the immune system response in patients undergoing photodynamic therapy due to basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with skin malignancies have been treated by 10% delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (Medac GmbH, Wedel, Germany) topically and light from a diode laser. Blood samples were obtained from each patient twice in the same day: before and 4h after photodynamic treatment procedure. In patients' serum the concentration of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) was determined. Additionally the study has been conducted on lymphocytes and granulocytes from peripheral blood. In cell culture supernatants the concentration of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the percentile composition of patients' lymphocytes and the chemiluminescence of neutrophils have been measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have observed a significant increase (p=0.015) in the intensity of the neutrophil chemiluminescence and significant diminution (p=0.006) of IL-1β concentration in supernatants. Similarly the serum level of TGF-β1 has been significantly decreased (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is very likely that human immune system activity is modified by topical ALA-PDT and may potentially contribute to its final outcome.
authors.affiliation: Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Chair and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Physical Medicine, Silesian Medical University, 15 Batory St., PL-41902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.affiliation: Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Chair and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Physical Medicine, Silesian Medical University, 15 Batory St., PL-41902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawczyk-Krupka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Silesian Medical University, 19 Jordana St., PL-41808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mostowy
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Silesian Medical University, 19 Jordana St., PL-41808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland.
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Czuba
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Silesian Medical University, 19 Jordana St., PL-41808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Silesian Medical University, 19 Jordana St., PL-41808 Zabrze-Rokitnica, Poland.
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasperczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, PL-02004 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakobisiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, The Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, PL-02004 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golab
authors.affiliation: Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Chair and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Physical Medicine, Silesian Medical University, 15 Batory St., PL-41902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieron