title: Correlates of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home among non-smoking adults in Bangladesh: findings from the ITC Bangladesh survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a serious global public health problem. Understanding the correlates of SHS exposure could guide the development of evidence based SHS exposure reduction interventions. The purpose of this study is to describe the pattern of and factors associated with SHS exposure among non-smoking adults in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data come from adult non-smokers who participated in the second wave (2010) of the International Tobacco Control Policy (ITC) Evaluation Bangladesh Survey conducted in all six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire gathered information on participants' demographic characteristics, pattern of SHS exposure, SHS knowledge, and attitudes towards tobacco control. Exposure to SHS at home was defined as non-smokers who lived with at least one smoker in their household and who reported having no home smoking ban. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SHS exposure rate at home among the participants (N=2813) was 43%. Several sociodemographic and attitudinal factors were associated with SHS exposure. Logistic regression analyses identified eight predictors of SHS exposure: being female (OR=2.35), being aged 15-24 (OR=2.17), being recruited from Dhaka slums (OR=5.19) or non-tribal/non-border areas outside Dhaka (OR=2.19) or tribal/border area (OR=4.36), having lower education (1-8 years: OR=2.45; illiterate: OR=3.00, having higher monthly household income (5000 to <10,000 Taka: OR=2.34; 10,000 Taka or more: OR=2.28), having a father who smoked in the past or currently smokes (OR=2.09), having lower concern about the harms of tobacco on children (unconcerned OR=3.99; moderate concern OR=2.26), and not knowing the fact that SHS causes lung cancer in non-smokers (OR=2.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost half of non-smoking Bangladeshi adults are exposed to SHS at home. The findings suggest the need for comprehensive tobacco control measures that would improve public understanding about health hazards of SHS exposure at home and encourage educational initiatives to promote smoke-free homes. Interventions should deliver targeted messages to reach those in the low socioeconomic status group.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. asm.abdullah@graduate.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Abu S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Pete
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Driezen
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: Nigar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nargis
authors.forename: Ghulam Akm
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Anne Ck
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Quah
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001459:Bangladesh; D004522:Educational Status; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005220:Fathers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution