title: Effect of mitomycin, bevacizumab, and 5-Fluorouracil to inhibit urethral fibrosis in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mitomycin C (MMC), bevacizumab, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are frequently used in cancer treatment. Each of these agents also exhibits antiproliferative properties in different tissues. We compared the efficacy of MMC, bevacizumab, and 5-FU may inhibit urethral fibrosis (UF) without statistically significant differences among them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male rabbits with traumatized urethras were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control), no medical treatment; group 2, MMC applied to the traumatized area; group 3, bevacizumab applied to the traumatized area; and group 4, 5-FU applied to the traumatized area. All animals were euthanized after 28 days to evaluate the presence of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Tissue samples were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining to assess the presence of fibrosis, the state of the epithelium, and collagen density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMC and control groups showed the most significant difference in outcomes (P<0.001), followed by the bevacizumab (P=0.002) and 5-FU groups (P=0.005). No statistically significant difference was noted when all three treatment groups were compared with one another. Histopathologic examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue, irregular collagen bundles, increased fibroblasts, and a moderate degree of fibrosis in the control group. Compared with controls, all treatment groups exhibited mild fibrosis, less collagen bundle irregularity, and lower numbers of fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMC, bevacizumab, and 5-FU may inhibit UF. There were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness among the three agents.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Abant Izzet Baysal Medical Faculty , Bolu, Turkey .
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Uyeturk
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gucuk
authors.forename: Tulin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Firat
authors.forename: Eray
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemahli
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kukner
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ozyalvacli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D016685:Mitomycin; D003094:Collagen; D005472:Fluorouracil