title: Hearing loss in Mexican children treated with cisplatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cisplatin is widely used to treat a variety of pediatric solid tumors. One of the most severe and debilitating adverse drug reactions experienced by patients who receive cisplatin therapy is permanent bilateral hearing loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for cisplatin-induced hearing loss in Mexican pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed medical and drug histories, including use of cisplatin as well as other drugs known to cause hearing loss, were collected from patient medical records. Results of audiology tests on pediatric patients with solid tumors were collected at baseline, during treatment and at the end of cisplatin chemotherapy. Hearing loss was classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using survival curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine pediatric patients, median age 11 years (range, 3-17 years) were included in the study. The incidence of cisplatin-induced hearing loss was 56%. Individual risk factors including age (< 5 years), male sex, and concomitant medications were not associated with an increased risk of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Patients with a diagnosis of osteosarcoma and a cumulative cisplatin dose greater than 400 mg/m(2) were at higher risk of hearing loss compared with all other tumor and cumulative dose combinations (HR = 2.47 [95% CI, 1.043-5.831]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cumulative dose and tumor type are associated with an increased risk of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Further research is required to characterize fully the interindividual variation in hearing loss in Mexican patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores Del. Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
authors.forename: Osvaldo D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Castelán-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovation Program, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Méndez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores Del. Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Islas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Audiología y Foniatría, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fierro-Evans
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurofisiología, Hospital de Pediatría IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Benjamín E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina-Sansón
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores Del. Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovation Program, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carleton
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovation Program, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Innovation Program, Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores Del. Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: rivasrodolfo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivas-Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Adverse drug reaction; Childhood cancer; Cisplatin; Hearing loss; Mexican children