title: Fenitrothion alters sperm characteristics in rats: ameliorating effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction.
abstract: Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by organophosphate. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in reducing the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: a control group and groups of rats treated orally with palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg), FNT (20 mg/kg) and palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg) combined with FNT (20 mg/kg). The sperm characteristics, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were evaluated. Supplementation with TRF attenuated the detrimental effects of FNT by significantly increasing the sperm counts, motility, and viability and decreased the abnormal sperm morphology. The SOD activity and GSH level were significantly increased, whereas the MDA and PC levels were significantly decreased in the TRF+FNT group compared with the rats receiving FNT alone. TRF significantly decreased the DNA damage in the sperm of FNT-treated rats. A significant correlation between abnormal sperm morphology and DNA damage was found in all groups. TRF showed the potential to reduce the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats.
authors.affiliation: Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Izatus Shima
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Taib
authors.forename: Siti Balkis
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Budin
authors.forename: Ahmad Rohi
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.forename: Putri Ayu
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jayusman
authors.forename: Jamaludin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005278:Fenitrothion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D010938:Plant Oils; D024508:Tocotrienols; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000073878:Palm Oil; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D005278:Fenitrothion