title: Effects of calcium hydroxide addition on the physical and chemical properties of a calcium silicate-based sealer.
abstract: Recently, various calcium silicate-based sealers have been introduced for use in root canal filling. The MTA Fillapex is one of these sealers, but some of its physicochemical properties are not in accordance with the ISO requirements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the flowability, pH level and calcium release of pure MTA Fillapex (MTAF) or containing 5% (MTAF5) or 10% (MTAF10) calcium hydroxide (CH), in weight, in comparison with AH Plus sealer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The flowability test was performed according to the ISO 6876:2001 requirements. For the pH level and calcium ion release analyses, the sealers were placed individually (n=10) in plastic tubes and immersed in deionized water. After 24 hours, 7 and 14 days, the water in which each specimen had been immersed was evaluated to determine the pH level changes and calcium released. Flowability, pH level and calcium release data were analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test (α=5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In relation to flowability: MTAF>AH Plus>MTAF5>MTAF10. In relation to the pH level, for 24 h: MTAF5=MTAF10=MTAF>AH Plus; for 7 and 14 days: MTAF5=MTAF10>MTAF>AH Plus. For the calcium release, for all periods: MTAF>MTAF5=MTAF10>AH Plus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 5% CH to the MTA Fillapex (in weight) is an alternative to reduce the high flowability presented by the sealer, without interfering in its alkalization potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sant'anna-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Cristina
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Keine
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Abi Rached
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Angélica
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guiotti
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012016:Reference Values; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D014867:Water; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002118:Calcium