title: Simultaneous and spectroscopic redox molecular imaging of multiple free radical intermediates using dynamic nuclear polarization-magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Redox reactions that generate free radical intermediates are essential to metabolic processes. However, their intermediates can produce reactive oxygen species, which may promote diseases related to oxidative stress. We report here the use of dynamic nuclear polarization-magnetic resonance imaging (DNP-MRI) to conduct redox molecular imaging. Using DNP-MRI, we obtained simultaneous images of free radical intermediates generated from the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain as well as the radicals derived from vitamins E and K1. Each of these free radicals was imaged in real time in a phantom comprising a mixture of free radicals localized in either lipophilic or aqueous environments. Changing the frequency of electron spin resonance (ESR) irradiation also allowed each of the radical species to be distinguished in the spectroscopic images. This study is the first to report the spectroscopic DNP-MRI imaging of free radical intermediates that are derived from endogenous species involved in metabolic processes.
authors.affiliation: Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.forename: Ryoma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsumi
mesh_terms: D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004579:Electron Transport; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D014451:Ubiquinone; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide; C024989:coenzyme Q10