title: Xanthium strumarium L. extracts produce DNA damage mediated by cytotoxicity in in vitro assays but does not induce micronucleus in mice.
abstract: Xanthium strumarium L. is a member of the Asteraceae commonly used in Cuba, mainly as diuretic. Some toxic properties of this plant have also been reported and, to date, very little is known about its genotoxic properties. The present work aims was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic risk of whole extract from Xanthium strumarium L. whole extract of aerial parts. No positive response was observed in a battery of four Salmonella typhimurium strains, when exposed to concentrations up to 5 mg/plate, with and without mammalian metabolic activation (liver microsomal S9 fraction from Wistar rats). In CHO cells, high concentrations (25-100 μg/mL) revealed significant reduction in cell viability. Results from sister chromatid exchanges, chromosome aberrations, and comet assay showed that X. strumarium extract is genotoxic at the highest concentration used, when clear cytotoxic effects were also observed. On the contrary, no increase in micronuclei frequency in bone marrow cells was observed when the extract was orally administered to mice (100, 500, and 2000 mg/Kg doses). The data presented here constitute the most complete study on the genotoxic potential of X. strumarium L. and show that the extract can induce in vitro DNA damage at cytotoxic concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genotoxicidad, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/ Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piloto Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma TRE", Via G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma TRE", Via G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cornetta
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma TRE", Via G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stano
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, CNR, Via degli Apuli. 4, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, CNR, Via degli Apuli. 4, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Degrassi
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, CNR, Via degli Apuli. 4, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Salvia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genotoxicidad, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/ Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Remigio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genotoxicidad, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/ Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Marbelis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genotoxicidad, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/ Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Quiñones
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genotoxicidad, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/ Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Dayana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valdivia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genotoxicidad, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/ Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón" (ICBP-UCMH), Calle 146, No. 3102 Esq 31, Playa, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, Calle 25, No. 455, e/ I y J, Vedado, C. Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Lamar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D031210:Xanthium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts