title: Divergent immune responses and disease outcomes in piglets immunized with inactivated and attenuated H3N2 swine influenza vaccines in the presence of maternally-derived antibodies.
abstract: Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) prime-boost vaccination previously conferred protection against heterologous H3N2 swine influenza challenge, including in piglets with maternally derived antibodies (MDA). Conversely, a whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccine was associated with enhanced disease. This study was aimed at identifying immune correlates of cross-protection. Piglets with and without MDA received intramuscular adjuvanted WIV or intranasal LAIV, and were challenged with heterologous H3N2. WIV induced cross-reactive IgG, inhibited by MDA, and a moderate T cell response. LAIV elicited mucosal antibodies and T cells cross-reactive to the heterologous challenge strain. The presence of MDA at LAIV vaccination blocked lung and nasal antibody production, but did not interfere with T cell priming. Even without mucosal antibodies, MDA-positive LAIV vaccinates were protected, indicating a likely role for T cells. Based on the data, one LAIV dose can induce cell-mediated immunity against antigenically divergent H3N2 influenza virus despite passive antibody interference with humoral immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sandbulte
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Ratree
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Henningson
authors.affiliation: Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rajão
authors.affiliation: Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Loving
authors.affiliation: Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Electronic address: amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D056738:Cross Protection; D005260:Female; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007114:Immunization; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Heterologous immunity; Influenza A; Live attenuated influenza virus; Maternally derived antibodies; Whole inactivated virus