title: The genetic structure of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, populations in China: haplotype variance in northern populations and potential impact on management of resistance to transgenic maize.
abstract: Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a severe pest that infests cultivated maize in the major production regions of China. Populations show genotype-by-environment variation in voltinism, such that populations with a single generation (univoltine) are fixed in Northern China where growing seasons are short. Low genetic differentiation was found among samples from 33 collection sites across China and one site from North Korea (n=1673) using variation at 6 nuclear microsatellite loci (ENA corrected global FST=0.020; P value<0.05). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that geographic region, number of generations or voltinism accounted for <0.38% of the total genetic variation at nuclear loci and was corroborated by clustering of co-ancestries among genotypes using the program STRUCTURE. In contrast, a mitochondrial haplotype network identified 4 distinct clusters, where 70.5% of samples from univoltine populations were within a single group. Univoltine populations were also placed into a unique cluster using Population Graph and Principal component analyses, which showed significant differentiation with multivoltine populations (φST=0.400; P value<0.01). This study suggests that gene flow among O. furnacalis in China may be high among regions, with the exception of northeastern localities. Haplotype variation may be due to random genetic drift resulting from partial reproductive isolation between univoltine and multivoltine O. furnacalis populations. Such reproductive isolation might impact the potential spread of alleles that confer resistance to transgenic maize in China.
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard).
authors.forename: Brad S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard).
authors.forename: Kyung Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard).
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bourguet
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard).
authors.forename: Sergine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponsard
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard).
authors.forename: Kanglai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China (Li, He, and Wang); the School of Biological Technology, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China (Li); the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Coates and Kim); the Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP) UMR INRA-IRD-CIRAD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex, France (Bourguet); the Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France (Ponsard); and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, France (Ponsard). zywang@ippcaas.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D051456:Gene Flow; D040961:Genetic Drift; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family; D058974:Phylogeography; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Ostrinia furnacalis; gene flow; genetic differentiation; microsatellite; mitochondrial haplotype