title: Suppression of tumor growth by Pleurotus ferulae ethanol extract through induction of cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration.
abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Edible medicinal mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine as regimes for cancer patients. Recently anti-cancer bioactive components from some mushrooms have been isolated and their anti-cancer effects have been tested. Pleurotus ferulae, a typical edible medicinal mushroom in Xinjiang China, has also been used to treat cancer patients in folk medicine. However, little studies have been reported on the anti-cancer components of Pleurotus ferulae. This study aims to extract bioactive components from Pleurotus ferulae and to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the extracts. We used ethanol to extract anti-cancer bioactive components enriched with terpenoids from Pleurotus ferulae. We tested the anti-tumour effects of ethanol extracts on the melanoma cell line B16F10, the human gastric cancer cell line BGC 823 and the immortalized human gastric epithelial mucosa cell line GES-1 in vitro and a murine melanoma model in vivo. Cell toxicity and cell proliferation were measured by MTT assays. Cell cycle progression, apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), migration and gene expression were studied in vitro. PFEC suppressed tumor cell growth, inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cells at G0/G1 phases and was not toxic to non-cancer cells. PFEC also induced cell apoptosis and necrosis, increased caspase 3 activity, reduced the MMP, prevented cell invasion and changed the expression of genes associated with apoptosis and the cell cycle. PFEC delayed tumor formation and reduced tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, ethanol extracted components from Pleurotus ferulae exert anti-cancer effects through direct suppression of tumor cell growth and invasion, demonstrating its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Weilan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Kaixu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Zhenghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, China; Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiufen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000517:prevention & control; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D017931:DNA Primers; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D000431:Ethanol; D053148:Caspase 3; C022616:thiazolyl blue