title: An ex vivo evaluation of efficacy of refrigerated canine plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine thawing times of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and to evaluate the activity of hemostatic proteins (coagulation factors V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and fibrinogen), clotting times (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time), and sterility of canine plasma stored refrigerated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective laboratory-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veterinary teaching hospital blood bank.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase 1: Six units of canine FFP were retrieved from the blood bank and thawed individually in a warm water bath. Time for thaw was recorded in minutes and reported as mean ± SD. Phase 2: One unit of fresh whole blood was collected from 9 dogs and processed routinely. Resulting plasma was divided into 2 aliquots, 1 stored as refrigerated plasma (RP) and 1 as frozen plasma. Samples from the RP were taken at 0, 1, 5, 7, and 14 days and from the FFP at days 0 and 14 for determination of clotting factor activity (V, VII, VIII, IX, and X and fibrinogen) and clotting times. Coagulation factors and clotting times were analyzed using a mixed effects linear model for ANOVA, comparing changes over time as well as differences between groups. For all comparisons, a P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Batch bacterial aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the RP samples were submitted on days 7 and 14 and from the frozen plasma on day 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to thaw for FFP units was 34.7 ± 1.38 minutes. Refrigerated storage resulted in significant decreases in the activity of all clotting factors and a subsequent prolongation in clotting times. However, no values were outside of the reference interval. All bacterial cultures yielded no growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Refrigerated storage results in only minor loss of coagulation factor activity in canine plasma. The use of RP, therefore, may be a viable option in high-volume veterinary hospitals for rapid correction of coagulopathy in critical care patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536.
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Grochowsky
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rozanski
authors.forename: Armelle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Laforcade
authors.forename: Claire R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Meola
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schavone
authors.forename: Majory B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010949:Plasma / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012034:Refrigeration; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: clotting factor activity; hemostasis; transfusion