title: Impact of plaque accumulation on the osseointegration of titanium-zirconium alloy and titanium implants. A histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of plaque accumulation on osseointegration at surface enhanced modified hydrophilic titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy and titanium (Ti) implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  TiZr and Ti implants with a sand-blasted, acid etched, and chemically modified endosseous and a machined (M) transmucosal portion were bilaterally (i.e., one implant type on each side) inserted in the maxilla of six foxhounds. In a split-mouth design, experimental mucositis was induced at one randomly assigned side (NPC), while the contralateral side received mechanical plaque removal three times per week (PC). After 16 weeks, tissue biopsies were processed for histological (primary outcome: bone-to-implant contact [BIC]) and immunohistochemical (CD68) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean BIC values varied between 81.96% (TiZrM) and 88.72% (TiM) in the NPC group, and between 87.88% (TiM) and 92.69% (TiZrM) in the PC group. Even though BIC values tended to be lower within the endosseous coronal compartment at NPC sites, within group (NPC vs. PC) comparisons failed to reach statistical significance at both types of implants. These non-BIC areas were not associated with any CD68 positive cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osseointegration of both TiZrM and TiM implants was not influenced by plaque accumulation in this experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mihatovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Golubovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bradu
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sager
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003773:Dental Plaque; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: experimental mucositis; histomorphometry; surface hydrophilicity; titanium-zirconium alloy