title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes produced by solid state fermentation.
abstract: Ligninolytic and hydrolytic enzymes were produced with six selected fungi on flax substrate by solid state fermentation (SSF). The extracellular enzyme production of the organisms in two SSF media was evaluated by measuring the soluble protein concentration and the filter paper, endoxylanase, 1,4-β-d-glucosidase, 1,4-β-d-endoglucanase, polygalacturonase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase activities of the clear culture solutions produced by conventional extraction from the SSF materials. The SSF material of the best enzyme producer (Trichoderma virens TUB F-498) was further investigated to enhance the enzyme recovery by low frequency ultrasound treatment. Performance of both the original and ultrasound macerated crude enzyme mixtures was evaluated in degradation of the colored lignin-containing and waxy materials of raw linen fabric. Results proved that sonication (at 40%, 60% and 80% amplitudes, for 60min) did not result in reduction in the filter paper, lignin peroxidase and laccase activities of the crude enzyme solution, but has a significant positive effect on the efficiency of enzyme extraction from the SSF material. Depending on the parameters of sonication, the enzyme activities in the extracts obtained can be increased up to 129-413% of the original activities measured in the control extracts recovered by a common magnetic stirrer. Sonication also has an effect on both the enzymatic removal of the lignin-containing color materials and hydrophobic surface layer from the raw linen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Orsolya Erzsebet
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: ecsiszar@mail.bme.hu.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csiszar
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szakacs
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koczka
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D003116:Color; D004798:Enzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013784:Textiles; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Biobleaching; Decolorization of linen; Enzyme activity; Enzyme recovery; Solid state fermentation; Ultrasound-assisted extraction