title: Multiple optimization of chemical components and texture of purple maize expanded by IVDV treatment using the response surface methodology.
abstract: A new process, Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum (IVDV), is proposed for texturizing purple maize. It consists in exposing humid kernels to high steam pressure followed by a decompression to the vacuum. Response surface methodology with three operating parameters (initial water content (W), steam pressure (P) and processing time (T)) was used to study the response parameters: Total Anthocyanins Content, Total Polyphenols Content, Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Expansion Ratio, Hardness and Work Done. P was the most important variable, followed by T. Pressure drop helped the release of bound phenolics arriving to their expulsion outside the cell. Combined with convenient T and W, it caused kernels expansion. Multiple optimization of expansion and chemical content showed that IVDV resulted in good texturization of maize while preserving the antioxidant compounds and activity. Optimal conditions were: W=29%, P=5 bar and T=37s.
authors.affiliation: UR Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaires, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 - Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: rachelle.mrad@net.usj.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mrad
authors.affiliation: University of Balamand, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Koura, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Espérance
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Debs
authors.affiliation: UR Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaires, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 - Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Maroun
authors.affiliation: UR Technologies et Valorisation Alimentaires, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 11-514 - Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Louka
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D011312:Pressure; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Anthocyanins; Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum; Polyphenols; Purple maize; Response surface methodology; Texture