title: Evaluation of inhibitory effects of benzothiazole and 3-amino-benzothiazolium derivatives on DNA topoisomerase II by molecular modeling studies.
abstract: There has been considerable interest in DNA topoisomerases over the last decade, as they have been shown to be one of the major cellular targets in anticancer drug development. Previously we synthesized some benzothiazole derivatives and corresponding benzothiazolium forms, and tested their DNA inhibitory activity to develop novel antitumor agents. Among the 12 prepared compounds, compound BM3 (3-aminobenzothiazole-3-ium 4-methylbenzene sulfonate) exhibited extreme topoisomerase II inhibitory activity compared with the reference drug etoposide. We also tried to determine the DNA and enzyme binding abilities of BM3 and found that BM3 acted on topoisomerase II first at low doses, while it had also showed DNA minor groove binding properties at higher doses. In this study the interactions between DNA topoisomerase II and the compounds were examined in detail by molecular modelling studies such as molecular docking and pharmacophore analysis performed using Discovery Studio 3.5. As a result, it was found that benzothiazolium compounds exhibited a totally different mechanism than benzothiazoles by binding to the different amino acids at the active site of the protein molecule. 3-Aminobenzothiazoliums are worthy of carrying onto anticancer studies; BM3 especially would be a good anticancer candidate for preclinical studies.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aki-Yalcin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ertan-Bolelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taskin-Tok
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ataei
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yalcin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D008958:Models, Molecular; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II
keywords: anticancer; benzothiazole; benzothiazolium; molecular docking; pharmacophore analysis; topoisomerase II