title: HMG-CoA reductase inhibition prior reperfusion improves reparative fibrosis post-myocardial infarction in a preclinical experimental model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in patients support a beneficial effect of statin treatment early after acute coronary syndrome and/or prior percutaneous coronary intervention. However, statin effect during total occlusion remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether infusion of activated simvastatin during ischemia and prior reperfusion and oral administration thereafter confers cardioprotection and improves cardiac healing in a preclinical model of myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs (n=24) fed a 10 day Western-type diet underwent a 90 min coronary-balloon occlusion (MI) being randomized to a single intravenous infusion of active β-hydroxy acid derivative of simvastatin (β-OH-S; 0.3 mg/kg) 15 min prior to reperfusion or vehicle. Animals were either sacrificed 2.5 h post-reperfusion or kept under the same regime ± simvastatin (p.o., 20 mg/day) for 3 weeks. Jeopardized and remote myocardium was obtained for molecular/histological studies. Echocardiography was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  β-OH-S infusion prior to reperfusion reduced coronary and cardiac oxidative DNA-damage, diminished neutrophil infiltration at the site of ischemia, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced apoptosis in the ischemic myocardium (lower mRNA levels of Fas, casp8, p53, and casp3 and mitochondrial-p-Bcl2; and reduced TUNEL and active caspase-3; p<0.05 vs. vehicle/control). This treatment regime attenuated reperfusion-related arrhythmias and stunning leading to a 40% increased myocardial salvage (p<0.05 vs. vehicle/control). 3 weeks post-MI simvastatin-treated animals showed P-PKCε increase, lower intramyocardial lipotoxicity, TβRII/Smad2/3 signaling restoration and subsequent myofibroblast differentiation and collagen-fibril formation in the evolving scar (p<0.05 vs. control). Simvastatin suppressed cardiac RhoA mobilization and triggered Akt/eNOS signaling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute HMG-CoA-reductase inhibition during total ischemia and prior reperfusion limits reperfusion injury and prolonged oral simvastatin treatment thereafter improves cardiac healing post-MI.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilahur
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casani
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Juan-Babot
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Guiomar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mendieta
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: lbadimon@csic-iccc.org.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
keywords: Cardiac remodeling; HMG-CoA reductase inhibition; Myocardial infarction; Swine