title: Gender-specific risk factors for virologic failure in KwaZulu-Natal: automobile ownership and financial insecurity.
abstract: We sought to examine which socioeconomic indicators are risk factors for virologic failure among HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A case-control study of virologic failure was conducted among patients recruited from the outpatient clinic at McCord Hospital in Durban, South Africa between October 1, 2010 and June 30, 2012. Cases were those failing first-line ART, defined as viral load >1,000 copies/mL. Univariate logistic regression was performed on sociodemographic data for the outcome of virologic failure. Variables found significant (p < 0.05) were used in multivariate models and all models were stratified by gender. Of 158 cases and 300 controls, 35 % were male and median age was 40 years. Gender stratification of models revealed automobile ownership was a risk factor among males, while variables of financial insecurity (unemployment, non-spouse family paying for care, staying with family) were risk factors for women. In this cohort, financial insecurity among women and automobile ownership among men were risk factors for virologic failure. Risk factor differences between genders demonstrate limitations of generalized risk factor analysis.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Anna Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: Claudia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: Baohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunpath
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Marconi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010067:Ownership / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019562:Viral Load / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult