title: Bioassay-guided chemical study of the anti-inflammatory effect of Senna villosa (Miller) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae) in TPA-induced ear edema.
abstract: Senna villosa (Miller) is a plant that grows in México. In traditional Mexican medicine, it is used topically to treat skin infections, pustules and eruptions and to heal wounds by scar formation. However, studies of its potential anti-inflammatory effects have not been performed. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts from the leaves of Senna villosa and to perform a bioassay-guided chemical study of the extract with major activity in a model of ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The results reveal that the chloroform extract from Senna villosa leaves has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Nine fractions were obtained from the bioassay-guided chemical study, including a white precipitate from fractions 2 and 3. Although none of the nine fractions presented anti-inflammatory activity, the white precipitate exhibited pharmacological activity. It was chemically characterized using mass spectrometry and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, resulting in a mixture of three aliphatic esters, which were identified as the principal constituents: hexyl tetradecanoate (C20H40O2), heptyl tetradecanoate (C21H42O2) and octyl tetradecanoate (C22H44O2). This research provides, for the first time, evidence of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties of compounds isolated from Senna villosa.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Biología Experimental, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186 Colonia, Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico. dioses_aztecas@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Ana del Carmen
authors.initials: Adel C
authors.lastname: Susunaga-Notario
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Productos Naturales, Departamento Sistemas Biológicos, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán 04690, Mexico. msperez@correo.xoc.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Salud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Productos Naturales, Departamento Sistemas Biológicos, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán 04690, Mexico. mzavala@correo.xoc.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zavala-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Farmacología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186 Colonia, Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico. jcap@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Almanza-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of RMN, Departamento de Química, D.C.B.I. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, México D.F. 09340, Mexico. agrmn@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Atilano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CNMN, Calle, Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Gustavo A, Madero 07738, Mexico. danielarrieta@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arrieta-Báez
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Biología Experimental, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186 Colonia, Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico. dioses_aztecas@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Ana Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: López-López
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Farmacología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186 Colonia, Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico. rrr@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Román-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Farmacología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186 Colonia, Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico. csib@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: José Luis Eduardo
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flores-Sáenz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Farmacología, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186 Colonia, Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico. aaaf@xanum.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Aguilar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate