title: Are childhood trauma exposures predictive of anxiety sensitivity in school attending youth?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stressful life events in adolescents have been found to be longitudinally associated with higher anxiety sensitivity (AS). A question that has not been addressed is whether AS in adolescence is associated with different childhood adversity exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  School attending adolescents (n=1149) completed measures of anxiety sensitivity (CASI), trait anxiety (STAI-T), childhood trauma (CTQ), depression (CES-DC), alcohol (AUDIT) and drug use (DUDIT), and resilience (CD-RISC) and coping orientation (A-COPE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant gender difference in childhood trauma exposure, resilience levels or coping orientation. Gender differences were evident in terms of AS, trait anxiety, depression, alcohol and drug use. Depression, trait anxiety and alcohol use mediated the relationship between the amount of childhood trauma and AS and played a role in the relationship between certain childhood trauma types and AS. Neither resilience nor coping orientation had a moderating effect on the relationship between the amount of childhood trauma and AS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional study, over- or under-reporting of data due to use of self-report instruments, and use of a retrospective measure of childhood trauma (CTQ) that is subject to recall bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls are at greater risk than boys for early onset anxiety disorders as girls have higher rates of AS, trait anxiety and depression despite the same rates of childhood trauma, coping orientation and resilience. Our findings, in the context of childhood trauma, underscore the influence of depression, trait anxiety and alcohol use as risk factors for the development of AS in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Electronic address: lmartin@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Lindi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Monet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viljoen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seedat
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Child anxiety sensitivity; Childhood trauma; Gender differences; Young adults