title: A survey of violence against staff working in the emergency department in ankara, Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Workplace violence in the emergency department is a significant problem world wide. The aims of this study were to identify the proportion of staff subjected to the types of violence, its sources, factors affecting violence experiences, reporting the incidence and the emotions of the victims after violence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive study was conducted between March and August 2009 in the the emergency department of six hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected from 270 staff working in various emergency settings. The instrument was a 36-item questionnaire on types of violence, its sources, feelings, and ways to cope with violent behaviors. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed 85.2% of participants had been subjected to at least one kind of violence: 41.1% to physical assault, 79.6% to verbal abuse, 55.5% to verbal threats and 15.9% to sexual harassment. Patients' companions (90.9%) were identified as the primary perpetrators of violence. The rates of violence types were highest towards security officers and housekeepers. The most common reactions to violence were sadness and anger. "Did nothing and keeping silent" was the coping method used most commonly by the staff. Participants exposed to physical assaults and verbal threat did not report the incidence of violence to managers were at 43.3% and 65.3% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on results of the study, it is suggested that every hospital institute reliable reporting procedures that staff members feel comfortable using, and also provide a comprehensive program of support services for staff that has been assaulted.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melek Serpil
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Talas
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Niğde Zübeyde Hanım School of Health, Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocaöz
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akgüç