title: Surgical diagnosis: frozen section and the extent of surgery.
abstract: This article outlines features of the biology of well differentiated thyroid cancer, and how these impact on systems of risk prediction. It covers salient points that the surgeon should consider from the clinical history and examination in the office, and outlines the procedures available for surgical management of thyroid cancer. The article then examines the choices that face thyroid surgeons both in relation to planning primary thyroid surgery and the approach to regional lymphadenectomy. In addition, key findings in the operating room are discussed in relation to their impact on decision making. Long-term outcomes are presented for patients following surgery.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Iain J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Ashok R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaha
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: patels@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Snehal G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Frozen section; Neck dissection; Thyroid cancer; Thyroidectomy