title: The effect of vision on knee biomechanics during functional activities - A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the effect of occluded vision on lower limb kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint during functional tasks including drop landing (single or double leg), squatting (single or double leg), stepping down, cutting movement and hopping in healthy individuals, or individuals who had an ACL reconstruction or deficiency with no vision impairments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted and electronic databases were searched between March 2012 and April 2013 for eligible papers. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Downs and Black revised checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies met the eligibility criteria and a wide variation in methodological approaches was reported. This small evidence base indicated equivocal evidence about the effect of vision on knee biomechanics in individuals with healthy and compromised somatosensory function post an ACL reconstruction or injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should consider innovative, individualised ACL rehabilitation strategies when prescribing exercises which involve visual occlusion. Further research to increase the relatively small evidence base for the effect of vision on knee biomechanics is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy/FNB 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Electronic address: qalouw@sun.ac.za.
authors.forename: Quinette
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Louw
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy/FNB 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gillion
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy/FNB 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sjan-Mari
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van Niekerk
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy/FNB 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Linzette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy/FNB 3D Movement Analysis Laboratory, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Institute of Sports Medicine, Department Exercise & Health, University of Paderborn, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumeister
mesh_terms: D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular
keywords: Adults; Anterior cruciate ligament; Biomechanics; Kinematics/kinetics; Knee; Vision