title: Impact of race and ethnicity in the course and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Genetic factors seem to play a more important role early in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas nongenetic factors seem to play a more important role over the course of the disease. SLE is more frequent with less favorable outcomes in nonwhite populations. To overcome these differences and reduce the immediate-term, mediate-term, and long-term impact of SLE among disadvantaged populations, it is essential to increase disease awareness, to improve access to health care and to provide care to these patients in a consistent manner regardless of the severity of their disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia 229, Colombia.
authors.forename: Luis Alonso
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Hospital San Juan Bautista, Avenida Illia 200, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca 4700, Argentina.
authors.forename: Sergio M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Toloza
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 510 20 Street South, FOT 830, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: galarcon@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Graciela S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
mesh_terms: D005006:Ethnicity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D062072:Patient Acuity; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011379:Prognosis; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods
keywords: Damage; Disease activity; Disparities; Ethnicity; Kidney replacement therapy; Mortality; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Treatment