title: Effects of laver extracts on adhesion, invasion, and migration in SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cancer cells.
abstract: The laver (Porphyra tenera), red seaweed, has been reported to have anticancer activity, but little is known about its molecular mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of laver extract on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in SK-Hep1 cells using migration and invasion assays. We also investigated the relationship of MMP-2/-9 and TIMP-1/-2 expression at both the protein and gene level in SK-Hep1 human hepatoma carcinoma cells after laver extract treatment. Laver extract inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In an invasion assay conducted in Transwell chambers, laver extract showed 19.6 and 27.2% inhibition of cancer cell at 200 and 400 μg/mL, respectively, compared to the control. The mRNA levels of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down-regulated by laver extract treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Laver extract, at 400 μg/mL, was inhibited by MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions by 70.1 and 77.0%, respectively. An inverse relationship in the mRNA contents of MMP-2/-9 and TIMP-1/-2 expressions in SK-Hep1 cells was found by laver extract treatment. Our results demonstrate antimetastatic properties of laver extract in inhibiting the adhesion, invasion, and migration of SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition and Culinary Science , Hankyong National University , Anseong-si , Korea.
authors.forename: Nhuan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Do Thi
authors.forename: Eun-Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044664:Porphyra / Q000737:chemistry*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019207:beta Carotene; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D002734:Chlorophyll; D019800:Phenol; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: adhesion; dried laver; invasion; liver cancer; metastasis