title: Removal of emerging pollutants by Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation.
abstract: TiO2 supported ruthenium nanoparticles, Ru/TiO2 (0.94‰ as Ru), was synthesized to catalyze permanganate oxidation for degrading emerging pollutants (EPs) with diverse organic moieties. The presence of 1.0 g L(-1) Ru/TiO2 increased the second order reaction rate constants of bisphenol A, diclofenac, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, benzotriazole, carbamazepine, butylparaben, diclofenac, ciprofloxacin and aniline at mg L(-1) level (5.0 μM) by permanganate oxidation at pH 7.0 by 0.3-119 times. The second order reaction rate constants of EPs with permanganate or Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation obtained at EPs concentration of mg L(-1) level (5.0 μM) underestimated those obtained at EPs concentration of μg L(-1) level (0.050 μM). Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate could decompose a mixture of nine EPs at μg L(-1) level efficiently and the second order rate constant for each EP was not decreased due to the competition of other EPs. The toxicity tests revealed that Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation was effective not only for elimination of EPs but also for detoxification. The removal rates of sulfamethoxazole by Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation in ten successive cycles remained almost constant in ultrapure water and slightly decreased in Songhua river water since the sixth run, indicating the satisfactory stability of Ru/TiO2. Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation was selective and could remove selected EPs spiked in real waters more efficiently than chlorination. Therefore, Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation is promising for removing EPs with electron-rich moieties.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China. Electronic address: zhangjing2336@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: sunbo880628@163.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: minibearus@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: gaonaiyun@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Naiyun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: wsong@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China. Electronic address: duerdeng@cczu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Erdeng
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: guanxh@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: zhougm@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gongming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C048856:permanganic acid; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012428:Ruthenium; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Competitive oxidation; Electron-rich organic moiety; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Pharmaceuticals