title: Speed pressure in conflict situations impedes inhibitory action control in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: The current study investigated the effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the ability to resolve conflicts when performance emphasized speed vs. response accuracy. PD patients and healthy controls (HC) completed a Simon task, and a subset of participants provided movement-related potential (MRP) data to investigate motor cortex activation and inhibition associated with conflict resolution. Both groups adjusted performance strategically with speed or accuracy instructions. The groups experienced similar susceptibility to making fast errors in conflict trials, but PD patients were less proficient compared to HC at suppressing incorrect responses, especially under speed pressure. Analysis of MRPs showed attenuated inhibition of the motor cortex controlling the conflicting response in PD patients compared to HC. These results confirm the detrimental effects of PD on inhibitory control mechanisms with speed pressure and also suggest that a downstream effect of inhibitory dysfunction in PD might be due to diminished inhibition of the motor cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA. Electronic address: nelleke.van.wouwe@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: van Wouwe
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W P M
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: van den Wildenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA.
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Claassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanoff
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, CO, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bashore
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wylie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Dual Processing Activation–Suppression model; Event related motor potentials; Inhibitory control; Laplacian; Parkinson's disease; Speed–accuracy trade off