title: Electrochemical in situ fabrication of titanium dioxide-nanosheets on a titanium wire as a novel coating for selective solid-phase microextraction.
abstract: A novel TiO2-nanosheets coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was fabricated by anodization of Ti wire substrates in ethylene glycol with concentrated NH4F. The in situ fabricated TiO2-nanosheets were densely embedded into Ti substrates with about 1μm long, 300nm wide and 80nm thick. The as-fabricated TiO2-nanosheets coating was employed to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates and ultraviolet (UV) filters in combination with high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection (HPLC-UV). It was found that the TiO2-nanosheets coating exhibited high extraction capability and good selectivity for some UV filters frequently used in cosmetic sunscreen formulations. The main parameters affecting extraction performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.1-400μgL(-1). The limits of detection of the proposed method were between 0.026μgL(-1) and 0.089μgL(-1) (S/N=3). The single fiber repeatability varied from 4.50% to 8.76% and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility ranged from 7.75% to 9.64% for the extraction of spiked water with 50μgL(-1) UV filters (n=5). The SPME-HPLC-UV method was successfully established for the selective preconcentration and sensitive detection of target UV filters from real environmental water samples. Recovery of UV filters spiked at 10μgL(-1) and 25μgL(-1) ranged from 88.8% to 107% and the relative standard deviations were less than 9.8%. Furthermore the in situ growth of the TiO2-nanosheets coating was performed in a highly reproducible manner and the TiO2-nanosheets coated fiber has high mechanical strength, good stability and long service life.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Yaoxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, China.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address: duxz@nwnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers; D012459:Salicylates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002934:Cinnamates; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012459:Salicylates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; C009495:titanium dioxide; C103422:2-ethylhexyl salicylate; C118580:octylmethoxycinnamate; C013830:baysilon; D014025:Titanium; C041981:padimate-O
keywords: Anodization; Solid-phase microextraction; TiO(2) nanosheets; Ultraviolet filters