title: Cardiovascular risk factors among bipolar disorder patients admitted to an inpatient unit of a tertiary care hospital in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  By consecutive sampling, 93 inpatients (aged ≥20 years) diagnosed with bipolar disorder were evaluated for 10 year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and 10-year cardiovascular mortality risk (CMR) on the Framingham (10-year all CHD events) function/risk equation and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten-year CHD risk was 3.36% and 10-year CMR was estimated to be 1.73%. One tenth (10.7%) of the sample was found to have very high/high CHD risk (≥10) and 6.45% of the sample had high CMR risk (≥5). More than half (54.88%) of patients had metabolic syndrome. Compared to females, males had higher Framingham function score (4.09±5.75 vs 1.59±1.05, U value - 634.5*, p<0.05) and had higher very high/high CHD risk (≥10) (15.1% vs 0, χ(2) 4.58, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of the present study suggest the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and higher rate of metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder. Considering this fact, there is an urgent need for routine screening for cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. Mental health professionals should be aware of these risks; there is need to develop preventive strategies to reduce the cardiovascular risk in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: drsandeepg2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Institute Medical Science, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nebhinani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Subho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avasthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Debasish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Parmanand
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kulhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Surendra Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mattoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Cardiovascular risk; India; Metabolic syndrome; Mortality