title: Fasting mediated increase in p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in the prefrontal cortex of mice.
abstract: BAD-deficient mice and fasting have several common functional roles in seizures, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) uptake in brain and alteration in counterregulatory hormonal regulation during hypoglycemia. Neuronal specific insulin receptor knockout (NIRKO) mice display impaired counterregulatory hormonal responses during hypoglycemia. In this study we investigated the fasting mediated expression of p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in different regions of brain (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, midbrain and hypothalamus). Fasting specifically increases p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in prefrontal cortex and decreases in other regions of brain. Our results suggest that fasting may increase the uptake BHB by decreasing p-BAD(ser155) in the brain during hypoglycemia except prefrontal cortex and it uncovers specific functional area of p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) that may regulates counter regulatory hormonal response. Overall in support with previous findings, fasting mediated hypoglycemia activates prefrontal cortex insulin signaling which influences the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediated activation of sympathoadrenal hormonal responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Vigneshwaran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pitchaimani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Somasundaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rajarajan Amirthalingam
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Thandavarayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Vengadeshprabhu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karuppagounder
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Remya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sreedhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Rejina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Afrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Meilei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harima
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan; Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan. Electronic address: watanabe@nupals.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C494820:Bad protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt
keywords: AKT; BAD; Betahydroxybutyrate; Fasting; Hypoglycemia; Prefrontal cortex