title: HDL-cholesterol is associated with systemic inflammation in cardiac syndrome X.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microvascular inflammation is associated with cardiac syndrome X (CSX). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reveals antiatherogenic features with stimulating endothelial NO production, inhibiting oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. We investigated relationship between HDL-C and inflammatory markers in CSX.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hundred patients with CSX and control group of 80 subjects were evaluated. Hematologic indices, lipid levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were studied in patients underwent coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRP levels were higher in CSX group than control group (4.59 ± 3.82 mg/dL vs. 2.48 ± 1.32 mg/dL, P<0.001). HDL-C was significantly lower in CSX group compared to control group (36.5 ± 4.0 mg/dL vs. 47.5 ± 12.7 mg/dL, P=0.008). White blood cell (WBC) count was higher in CSX group than in control group. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found significantly increased in CSX group as compared to control group. On multivariate linear regression, lower HDL-C was found to be a significant predictor of higher NLR in patients with CSX independent from other clinical and biochemical variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower HDL-C is associated with systemic inflammation in CSX. In patients with typical angina and normal epicardial coronaries,HDL-C and inflammatory markers should be investigated; one of the goals of treatment should be raising HDL-C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital,Ankara Yolu, Yildirim/Bursa, Bursa, Turkey - erhantenekecioglu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tenekecioglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bekler
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ozluk
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goncu
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Yontar
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL