title: Associations of Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Diseases With Sleep Apnea Among US Adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep apnea (SA) is a common sleep disorder among US adults. Associations of SA with alcohol consumption and some chronic diseases have been inconsistent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to estimate prevalence of SA and examine its associations with potential factors including alcohol consumption, asthma, diabetes, and hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study on 823 adults with SA and 38,638 controls from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Data. Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations of SA with the potential factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of SA was higher in males (4.01%) than in females (2.61%), while the prevalence increased with age (0.86%, 3.50%, and 4.47% for age groups of 18-25, 26-64, and ≥ 65, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed that all factors except for income and education were associated with SA (P < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, participants who were current and past alcohol consumers had significantly higher odds of having SA (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.03-2.23; OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09-2.49, respectively) than non-alcohol drinker. Furthermore, asthma (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.04-3.75), diabetes (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.19-3.83), and hypertension (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.91-3.07) were significantly associated with SA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, alcohol consumption, asthma, diabetes, and hypertension, were positively associated with SA. More efforts should be directed to promoting screening for SA and finding possible treatments for SA among these vulnerable groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, USA.
authors.forename: Weize
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.
authors.forename: Ke-Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Ageing; Alcohol Drinking; Asthma; Diabetes; Hypertension; Sleep Apnea Syndromes