title: Moderating effects of brooding and co-rumination on the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: a multi-wave study.
abstract: The current study investigated brooding and co-rumination as moderators of the relationship between interpersonal and noninterpersonal stress and depressive symptom trajectories. The sample consisted of 368 early adolescents ages 9 to 15 (M = 11.72, 63 % female) who completed self-report measures of brooding, co-rumination, stress, and depressive symptoms at baseline with follow-up assessments of stress and depressive symptoms at 3, 8, and 12 months post-baseline. Data were analyzed using multi-level modeling. Results showed that the association between interpersonal stress and depressive symptoms was stronger for adolescents high on brooding, compared to adolescents low on brooding. Sex moderated a co-rumination × stress interaction, with girls high on co-rumination and boys low on co-rumination reporting the highest levels of depressive symptoms when faced with interpersonal stress across the 1-year study period. These findings shed light on pathways to depressive symptoms in early adolescence and suggest that adolescent boys and girls may differ in these pathways.
authors.affiliation: School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, box 3717, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Margot.Bastin@ppw.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bastin
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mezulis
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahles
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bijttebier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009770:Obsessive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013850:Thinking