title: The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Parkinson's disease: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research has shown that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tend to have a higher risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder. The goal of this study was to examine what relationship, if any, exists between COPD and Parkinson's disease (PD), which is also a neurodegenerative disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study analyzed medical data from the population of Taiwan from 1998 to 2008, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2010. We identified patients with COPD by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We selected a comparison cohort from the general population that was random frequency-matched by age (in 5-year increments), sex and index year, and further analyzed the risk of PD using Cox's regression model, including sex, age and comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study enrolled 20 728 COPD patients (71.1% male, mean age = 68.2 years) and 41 147 controls. The risk of developing PD was 1.37 times greater in patients with COPD compared with patients without COPD after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. A significantly increased risk of PD was also found in patients with COPD who had any comorbidity other than diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This nationwide retrospective cohort study demonstrates that PD risk is significantly increased in patients with COPD compared with those of the general population.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: F-C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. d7996@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology