title: Exposure assessment approach through mycotoxin/creatinine ratio evaluation in urine by GC-MS/MS.
abstract: In this pilot survey human urine samples were analyzed for presence of 15 mycotoxins and some of their metabolites using a novel urinary multi-mycotoxin GC-MS/MS method following salting-out liquid-liquid extraction. Fifty-four urine samples from children and adults residents in Valencia were analyzed for presence of urinary mycotoxin and expressed in gram of creatinine. Three out of 15 mycotoxins were detected namely, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON). 37 samples showed quantifiable values of mycotoxins. Co-occurrence of these contaminants was also observed in 20.4% of assayed samples. DON was the most frequently detected mycotoxin (68.5%) with mean levels of 23.3 μg/g creatinine (range: 2.8-69.1 μg/g creatinine). The levels of urinary DON were used to carry out an exposure assessment approach. 8.1% of total subjects were estimated to exceed the DON provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) (1 μg/kg b.w.). Two out of 9 exposed children exceeded the DON PMTDI thus, making them the most exposed based on the urinary results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Yelko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moltó
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mañes
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. Electronic address: Houda.Berrada@uv.es.
authors.forename: Houda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berrada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000652:urine*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C038405:nivalenol; D003404:Creatinine; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C012351:HT-2 toxin
keywords: Children; Exposure assessment; GC–MS/MS; Metabolites; Mycotoxins; Urine