title: Shock absorbing function study on denucleated intervertebral disc with or without hydrogel injection through static and dynamic biomechanical tests in vitro.
abstract: Hydrogel injection has been recently proposed as a novel therapy for disc degenerative diseases, with the potential to restore the spine motion and the intervertebral disc height. However, it remains unknown whether the new technique could also maintain the shock absorbing property of the treated intervertebral disc. In this study, 18 porcine lumbar bone-disc-bone specimens were collected and randomly divided into three groups: the normal with intact intervertebral discs, the mimic for the injection of disulfide cross-linked hyaluronan hydrogels following discectomy, and the control disc with discectomy only. In the static compression test, specimens in the mimic group exhibited displacements similar to those in the normal discs, whereas the control group showed a significantly larger displacement range in the first two steps (P < 0.05). With the frequency increasing, all specimens generally displayed an increasing storage modulus, decreasing loss modulus, and tanδ. At any frequency point, the control group exhibited the largest value in all the three parameters among three groups while the normal group was the lowest, with the mimic group being mostly close to the normal group. Therefore, the hydrogel injection into the intervertebral discs greatly restored their shock absorbing function, suggesting that the technique could serve as an effective approach to maintaining biomechanical properties of the degenerative intervertebral disc.
authors.affiliation: The Medical School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China ; Department of Spinal Surgery/Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery/Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Manman
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2063-2403
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery/Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Fuxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
authors.forename: Jiabi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery/Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: The Medical School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China.
authors.forename: Guangqian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery/Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Xuenong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8439-2624
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007267:Injections; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007404:Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000187:drug effects*; D013131:Spine / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid