title: Self-reported measures of mindfulness in meditators and non-meditators: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mindfulness forms an important component of meditation practice and has been increasingly popular around the world. There has been growing interest in studying the mindful component of various meditation techniques. One of the various forms of mindfulness is the practice of a unique technique called cyclic mediation (CM). We aimed at ascertaining the level of mindfulness in experienced practitioners of CM using a Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  MAAS was administered anonymously in a classroom setup and two of the project coordinators were present to supervise the administration and to assist the participants where necessary. We executed a cross sectional design. One hundred and thirty-three (n = 133) healthy male volunteers (66 meditators and 67 non-meditators) with ages ranging from 25 to 35 years participated in the study. Meditators had a minimum 3 years experience of meditation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20. The data were checked for normality and an independent samples t-test was employed to compare the means of both the groups. MAAS scores were significantly higher in meditators as compared with the non-meditators (P < 0.001). We found a positive correlation (r = 0.620) between the years of meditation practice and the levels of trait mindfulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CM can lead to development of higher levels of mindfulness and may have the ability to positively impact mental states and attention, thereby offering the potential for prevention of clinical levels of psychopathology and improving overall psychological well-being in healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Yoga and Life sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Suhas Ashok
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vinchurkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Yoga and Life sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Deepeshwar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Yoga and Life sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Naveen Kalkuni
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Visweswaraiah
keywords: Attention; cyclic meditation; meditation; yoga