title: Characterization and evolutionary implications of the triad Asp-Xxx-Glu in group II phosphopantetheinyl transferases.
abstract: Phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases), which play an essential role in both primary and secondary metabolism, are magnesium binding enzymes. In this study, we characterized the magnesium binding residues of all known group II PPTases by biochemical and evolutionary analysis. Our results suggested that group II PPTases could be classified into two subgroups, two-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases containing the triad Asp-Xxx-Glu and three-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases containing the triad Asp-Glu-Glu. Mutations of two three-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases and one two-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTase indicate that the first and the third residues in the triads are essential to activities; the second residues in the triads are non-essential. Although variations of the second residues in the triad Asp-Xxx-Glu exist throughout the whole phylogenetic tree, the second residues are conserved in animals, plants, algae, and most prokaryotes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis suggests that: the animal group II PPTases may originate from one common ancestor; the plant two-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases may originate from one common ancestor; the plant three-magnesium-binding-residue-PPTases may derive from horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Yue
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ni-Ni
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004151:Dipeptides; C082662:phosphopantetheinyl transferase; C021030:gamma-glutamylaspartic acid; C094686:glutamyl-glutamic acid; C038676:aspartylglutamate; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups); D008274:Magnesium