title: Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
abstract: Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects. In the present study, the cyto/genotoxic potential of clinically relevant concentrations of HLP was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) as sensitive biomarkers of exposure. HLP was administered as HLP hydrochloride in the final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/ml for 4 and 24 h period. Cytotoxicity was determined using differential staining of HPBLs with acridine orange and ethidium bromide while chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assays were applied to estimate the chromosomal and DNA damage after the treatment. The results of the present study indicate that HLP is capable of inducing cyto/genotoxicity in tested cells. Present study has also confirmed the need for further cytogenetic research and regular patient monitoring to minimize the risk of any possible adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: ggajski@imi.hr.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gajski
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerić
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: vgaraj@imi.hr.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garaj-Vrhovac
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D020552:Comet Assay; D054697:Cytostatic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D054697:Cytostatic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D006220:Haloperidol
keywords: Clinically relevant concentrations; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Haloperidol; Human lymphocytes; Oxidative stress