title: Evaluating communities of practice and knowledge networks: a systematic scoping review of evaluation frameworks.
abstract: Communities of Practice (CoPs) are increasingly considered a part of ecohealth and other sectors such as health care, education, and business. However, there is little agreement on approaches to evaluate the influence and effectiveness of CoPs. The purpose of this review was to understand what frameworks and methods have been proposed or used to evaluate CoPs and/or knowledge networks. The review searched electronic databases in interdisciplinary, health, education, and business fields, and further collected references and forward citations from relevant articles. Nineteen articles with 16 frameworks were included in the synthesis. The purposes of the evaluation frameworks varied; while some focused on assessing the performance of CoPs, several frameworks sought to learn about CoPs and their critical success factors. Nine of the frameworks had been applied or tested in some way, most frequently to guide a case study. With limited applications of the frameworks, strong claims about generalizability could not be made. The review results can inform the development of tailored frameworks. However, there is a need for more detailed and targeted CoP evaluation frameworks, as many imperative CoP evaluation needs would be unmet by the available frameworks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada, kaileah.mckellar@mail.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Kaileah A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McKellar
authors.forename: Kristen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pitzul
authors.forename: Juliana Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004782:Environmental Health; D014943:Global Health; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation