title: Long-term efficacy of a 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse in relation to plaque and gingivitis: a 6-month randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth rinse for reduction of gingival inflammation and inhibition of plaque compared to a vehicle control (VC) mouth rinse over a 6-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 62) used their randomly assigned product as adjunct to toothbrushing. Bleeding, plaque and staining scores were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Plaque and saliva samples were taken at each assessment monitoring possible shifts in the composition of the microbiota.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference (P = 0.002) in favour of the CPC mouth rinse, with respect to plaque scores, was found. Bleeding scores at 6 months were not significantly different (P = 0.089). However, when correcting for baseline values, a tendency towards a significant difference in bleeding scores at end trail was observed in favour of the CPC mouth rinse (P = 0.061). Regarding staining at 3 and 6 months, a small but significant difference (8.6% and 10.4%, respectively) (P < 0.0001) was observed with lower scores for the VC group. There was a significant reduction in total anaerobic count in the CPC group at 6 months (P < 0.05). The ratio of aerobes/anaerobes was markedly increased at 3 months, especially in the CPC group. No further differences were observed between groups at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of 0.07% CPC mouth rinse was significantly more effective in reducing plaque scores than the vehicle control. Bleeding scores were not different at 6 months. The test product was well accepted and did not cause any serious clinical side effects or negatively affected the microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Clinic for Dentistry, Bussum, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M P C
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: N A M
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rosema
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Versteeg
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Slot
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Van Winkelhoff
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Van der Weijden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D010919:Placebos; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D010919:Placebos; D002594:Cetylpyridinium
keywords: cetylpyridinium chloride; clinical trial; dental plaque; gingivitis; mouth rinse