title: Effects of Oral Stimulus Frequency Spectra on the Development of Non-nutritive Suck in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome or Chronic Lung Disease, and Preterm Infants of Diabetic Mothers.
abstract: The precocial nature of orofacial sensorimotor control underscores the biological importance of establishing ororythmic activity in human infants. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of comparable doses of three forms of orosensory experience, including a low-velocity spectrally reduced orocutaneous stimulus (NT1), a high-velocity broad spectrum orocutaneous stimulus (NT2), and a SHAM stimulus consisting of a blind pacifier. Each orosensory experience condition was paired with gavage feedings 3x/day for 10 days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Four groups of preterm infants (N=214), including those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), chronic lung disease (CLD), infants of diabetic mothers (IDM), and healthy controls (HI) were randomized to the type of orosensory condition. Mixed modeling, adjusted for gender, gestational age, postmenstrual age, and birth weight, demonstrated the most significant gains in non-nutritive suck (NNS) development among CLD infants who were treated with the NT2 stimulus, with smaller gains realized among RDS and IDM infants. The broader spectrum of the NT2 stimulus maps closely to known response properties of mechanoreceptors in lip, tongue, and oral mucosa and is more effective in promoting NNS development among preterm infants with impaired oromotor function compared to the low-velocity, spectrally reduced NT1 orosensory stimulus.
authors.affiliation: SPLH, Programs in Neuroscience, Human Biology, and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Sm
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.affiliation: Center for Research Methods and Data Analysis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: SPLH, Programs in Neuroscience, Human Biology, and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Jingyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: SPLH, Programs in Neuroscience, Human Biology, and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oder
authors.affiliation: SPLH, Programs in Neuroscience, Human Biology, and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Hyuntaek
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Stormont-Vail HealthCare, Topeka, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Stormont-Vail HealthCare, Topeka, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Kendi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.affiliation: Overland Park Regional Medical Center, Overland Park, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weatherstone
authors.affiliation: Overland Park Regional Medical Center, Overland Park, Kansas USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
keywords: CLD; IDM; Power spectrum; Pulsatile oral stimulation; mechanoreceptors; non-nutritive suck; preterm birth; trigeminal nerve