title: A randomized controlled trial of in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa in medically unstable adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder incurring high costs due to hospitalization. International treatments vary, with prolonged hospitalizations in Europe and shorter hospitalizations in the USA. Uncontrolled studies suggest that longer initial hospitalizations that normalize weight produce better outcomes and fewer admissions than shorter hospitalizations with lower discharge weights. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hospitalization for weight restoration (WR) to medical stabilization (MS) in adolescent AN.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 82 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AN and medical instability, admitted to two pediatric units in Australia. Participants were randomized to shorter hospitalization for MS or longer hospitalization for WR to 90% expected body weight (EBW) for gender, age and height, both followed by 20 sessions of out-patient, manualized family-based treatment (FBT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome was the number of hospital days, following initial admission, at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the total number of hospital days used up to 12 months and full remission, defined as healthy weight (>95% EBW) and a global Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) score within 1 standard deviation (s.d.) of published means. There was no significant difference between groups in hospital days following initial admission. There were significantly more total hospital days used and post-protocol FBT sessions in the WR group. There were no moderators of primary outcome but participants with higher eating psychopathology and compulsive features reported better clinical outcomes in the MS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes are similar with hospitalizations for MS or WR when combined with FBT. Cost savings would result from combining shorter hospitalization with FBT.
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network,Westmead,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network,Westmead,Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miskovic-Wheatley
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network,Westmead,Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network,Westmead,Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine,Stanford University,USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience,The University of Chicago,USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Grange
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine,Stanford University,USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research into Adolescents' Health (CRASH), Adolescent Medicine Unit,Westmead Hospital,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology,The University of Sydney,Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine,The University of Western Sydney and School of Medicine, James Cook University,Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology,The University of Sydney,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touyz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D001315:Australia; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; family-based treatment; in-patient treatment; medical instability; treatment optimization