title: Covered self-expanding metal stents for the treatment of refractory esophageal nonvariceal bleeding: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of covered self-expanding metal stents for the treatment of nonvariceal esophageal bleeding in patients for whom routine therapies have failed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with esophageal bleeding in our hospital. Data on hemostatic effects and complications were collected from patients who underwent esophageal stenting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 4 patients were treated with five stents. In all 4 patients, the placement of esophageal stents immediately stopped the ongoing bleeding. One patient experienced recurrent bleeding 4 days after the removal of the first stent. Hemostasis was achieved after the insertion of a second stent. No stent-related complications occurred during or after stent implantation in the other 3 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implantation of a covered self-expandable metal stent is a safe and effective alternative to treat acute, nonvariceal esophageal bleeding after routine therapies have failed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of XiangYa Medical School, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China .
authors.forename: YuQian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: JiRong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: XueHong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: DeLiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D008670:Metals