title: Tuberculosis in children.
abstract: Many clinicians regard tuberculosis as an adult pulmonary disease, but tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of disease, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and death in young children from TB-endemic countries, especially in areas affected by poverty, social disruption, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article reviews the disease burden and the natural history of disease in children with TB. It also provides guidance regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB in children.
authors.affiliation: Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI) and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
authors.forename: H Simon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaaf
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011203:Poverty; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*