title: Using the social cognitive theory to understand physical activity among dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to use the social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation to better understand associations of physical activity (PA) behaviors among dialysis patients after controlling for demographic and health-related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was cross-sectional in design. Participants (N = 115; mean age = 61.51 years, SD = 14.01) completed self-report questionnaires during a regularly scheduled dialysis treatment session. Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships among SCT constructs and PA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant relationships between PA and self-efficacy (r = .336), self-regulation (r = .280), and outcome expectations (r = .265) were detected among people on dialysis in bivariate analyses. Hierarchical linear regression revealed significant increases in variance explained for the addition of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and covariates (p < .01). Younger age, self-efficacy, and self-regulation were associated (p < .10) with greater participation in physical activity in the final model (R² = .272). Conclusion/Implication: This research supports the use of SCT in understanding PA among people undergoing dialysis treatment. The findings of this study can help health educators and health care practitioners better understand PA and how to promote it among this population. Future research should further investigate which activities dialysis patients participate in across the life span of their disease. Future PA programs should focus on increasing a patient's self-efficacy and self-regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wellness, Baylor University.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University.
authors.forename: M Renée
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Umstattd Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University.
authors.forename: A Alexander
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Beaujean
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University.
authors.forename: Rodney G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bowden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011582:Psychological Theory; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D057566:Self Report; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires