title: Monitoring plant response to phenanthrene using the red edge of canopy hyperspectral reflectance.
abstract: To investigate the mechanisms and potential for the remote sensing of phenanthrene-induced vegetation stress, we measured field canopy spectra, and associated plant and soil parameters in the field controlled experiment in the Yellow River Delta of China. Two widely distributed plant communities, separately dominated by reed (Phragmites australis) and glaucous seepweed (Suaeda salsa), were treated with different doses of phenanthrene. The canopy spectral changes of plant community resulted from the decreases of biomass and foliar projective coverage, while leaf photosynthetic pigment concentrations showed no significance difference among treatments. The spectral response to phenanthrene included a flattened red edge, with decreased first derivative of reflectance. The red edge slope and area consistently responded to phenanthrene, showing a strong relationship with aboveground biomass, coverage and canopy pigments density. These results suggest the potential of remote sensing and the importance of field validation to correctly interpret the causes of the spectral changes.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Beijing Botanical Garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Linhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources & Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Zhongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Beijing Botanical Garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jianjian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jinzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yunjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Junsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Nengwen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Beijing Botanical Garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
authors.forename: Lianhe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Beijing Botanical Garden, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. Electronic address: zhengyr@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanrun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Global Learning Office, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0142, United States.
authors.forename: Glyn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rimmington
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019663:Chenopodiaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000379:methods; D045483:Rivers; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012987:Soil; C031181:phenanthrene
keywords: Field canopy spectroscopy; Hyperspectral; Oil pollution; Oil spill; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Remote sensing