title: Integrating biochemiluminescence detection on smartphones: mobile chemistry platform for point-of-need analysis.
abstract: In this paper, we report, for the first time, the use of a smartphone to image and quantify biochemiluminescence coupled biospecific enzymatic reactions to detect analytes in biological fluids. Using low-cost three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, we fabricated a smartphone accessory and a minicartridge for hosting biospecific reactions. As a proof-of-principle, we report two assays: a bioluminescence assay for total bile acids using 3α-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase coimmobilized with bacterial luciferase system and a chemiluminescence assay for total cholesterol using cholesterol esterase/cholesterol oxidase coupled with the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase system. These assays can be performed within 3 min in a very straightforward manner and provided adequate analytical performance for the analysis of total cholesterol in serum (limit of detection (LOD) = 20 mg/dL) and total bile acid in serum and oral fluid (LOD = 0.5 μmol/L) with a reasonable accuracy and precision. Smartphone-based biochemiluminescence detection could be thus applied to a variety of clinical chemistry assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roda
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michelini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cevenini
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calabria
authors.forename: Maria Maddalena
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Calabretta
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simoni
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D040421:Cell Phone; D057230:Limit of Detection; D049449:Luminescence; D008838:Microcomputers