title: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea and Japan: A Comparative Description.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Work related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) is one of the most important problem in occupational health system of Korea and Japan, where the OHS system developed in similar socio-cultural environment. This study compared WMSD in Korea and Japan to review similarities and differences in their historical background, and development of prevention policies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scientific articles, government reports, and related official and non-official statistics on WMSD since the 1960s in Japan and Korea were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The historical background and basic structure of the compensation system in Korea and Japan largely overlapped. The issuing of WMSD in both countries appeared as upper limb disorder (ULD), named occupational cervicobrachial diseases (OCD) in Japan, and neck-shoulder-arm syndrome (NSA) 30 years later in Korea, following the change from an industrial structure to automated office work. Both countries developed manuals for diagnosis, guidelines for workplace management, and prevention policies. At present, compensation cases per covered insurers for WMSD are higher in Korea than in Japan, due to the social welfare system and cultural environment. Prevention policies in Korea are enforced more strongly with punitive measures than in Japan. In contrast, the Japanese system requires autonomous effort toward risk control and management, focusing on specific risky processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WMSD in Korea and Japan have a similar history of identification and compensation structure, yet different compensation proportions per covered insurer and prevention policies. Follow-up study with international cooperation is necessary to improve both systems.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), 400, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan-city 681-230, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Minori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakata
keywords: Comparative review; Japan; Korea; Musculoskeletal disorders; Work-related