title: Moderate amounts of fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages do not differentially alter metabolic health in male and female adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescents consume more sugar-sweetened beverages than do individuals in any other age group, but it is unknown how the type of sugar-sweetened beverage affects metabolic health in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare the metabolic health effects of short-term (2-wk) consumption of high-fructose (HF) and high-glucose (HG)-sweetened beverages in adolescents (15-20 y of age).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a counterbalanced, single-blind fashion, 40 male and female adolescents completed two 2-wk trials that included 1) an HF trial in which they consumed 710 mL of a sugar-sweetened beverage/d (equivalent to 50 g fructose/d and 15 g glucose/d) for 2 wk and 2) an HG trial in which they consumed 710 mL of a sugar-sweetened beverage/d (equivalent to 50 g glucose/d and 15 g fructose/d) for 2 wk in addition to their normal ad libitum diet. In addition, the participants maintained similar physical activity levels during each trial. The day after each trial, insulin sensitivity and resistance [assessed via Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index] and fasting and postprandial glucose, lactate, lipid, cholesterol, insulin, C-peptide, insulin secretion, and clearance responses to HF or HG mixed meals were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight, QUICKI (whole-body insulin sensitivity), HOMA-IR (hepatic insulin resistance), and fasting lipids, cholesterol, glucose, lactate, and insulin secretion or clearance were not different between trials. Fasting HDL- and HDL₃-cholesterol concentrations were ∼10-31% greater (P < 0.05) in female adolescents than in male adolescents. Postprandial triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol, HDL₃-cholesterol, and glucose concentrations were not different between HF and HG trials. The lactate incremental area under the curve was ∼3.7-fold greater during the HF trial (P < 0.05), whereas insulin secretion was 19% greater during the HG trial (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate amounts of HF- or HG-sweetened beverages for 2 wk did not have differential effects on fasting or postprandial cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, or hepatic insulin clearance in weight-stable, physically active adolescents.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Heden
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Lauryn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nyhoff
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Nathan C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kanaley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008923:Missouri; D009043:Motor Activity; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose