title: The dysfunction of T follicular helper cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a critical role as providers of B-cell help and dysfunction in Tfh/B-cell interactions can lead to autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. These observations have generated a great deal of interest in understanding how these cells are affected during HIV infection and how their functional changes might affect antibody responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies have shown that HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection affects both Tfh-cell frequency and function and suggest that Tfh-cell perturbations might contribute to the relative inefficiency of HIV-infected individuals to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present review will highlight these recent findings addressing the role of Tfh cells in HIV infection as well as the impact HIV infection has on Tfh and circulating memory Tfh (cTfh) cell frequency and function.
authors.affiliation: aVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA bDivisions of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cubas
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perreau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer