title: Chemopreventive potential of phenolic compounds in oral carcinogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the chemopreventive potential of phenolic compounds - potassium apigenin, cocoa, catechins, eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid in oral carcinogenesis induced in hamsters by means of the topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene(DMBA).
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study at the University of Murcia.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into five groups of ten: Group I (control group): 0.5% DMBA; Group II: 0.5% DMBA+1.1mg/15ml potassium apigenin; Group III: 05% DMBA+2.5mg/15ml cocoa catechins; Group IV: 0.5% DMBA+6mg/15ml eriocitrin; Group V: 0.5% DMBA+1.3mg/15ml rosmarinic acid. The flavonoids were administered orally. All the animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical (PCNA and p53) analyses of the lesions were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the groups treated with phenolic compounds showed lower incidences of tumour, greater differentiation and lower scores in the tumour invasion front grading system in comparison with the control group. Potassium apigenin and rosmarinic acid achieved the best results, the former considerably reduced the carcinoma tumour volumes developed and both significantly reduced the intensity and aggression of the tumours. Immunoexpression of PCNA and p53 were significantly altered during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animals treated with phenolic compounds, particularly potassium apigenin and rosmarinic acid, showed a lower incidence of tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldasquin-Caceres
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gomez-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Ageing Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: majornet@um.es.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López-Jornet
authors.affiliation: I+D+I Nutrafur SA Murcia Spain Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Ageing Research Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vicente-Ortega
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002099:Cacao; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D053630:Depsides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D047310:Apigenin; D002392:Catechin; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D044950:Flavanones; D010636:Phenols; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C114706:eriocitrin
keywords: Apigenin; Cocoa cathechin; DMBA; Eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid; Hamster; Oral carcinogenesis