title: Characterization of bacterial knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees: a new host of the pathogen.
abstract: This study aimed to isolate and identify the causal organism causing hyperplastic outgrowths (knots) on stems and branches of pomegranate trees in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots on plates containing selective nutrient media. Biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis and PCR were performed to identify possible causal disease agent. Representative isolates were identified as Pseudomonas.pv.savastanoi (Psv) using biochemical tests, fatty acid profiling and PCR. Following inoculation of pomegranate plants (cv. hicaz) with bacterial suspensions, 25 of 54 bacterial isolates caused typical knots at the site of inoculation. PCR analysis, using specific primer for Psv, generated a single amplicon from all isolates. The similarity of the sequence of Turkish pomegranate isolate was 99% similar to the corresponding gene sequences of Psv in the databases. Based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular, pathogenicity tests and sequence analyses, the disease agent of knots observed on the pomegranate trees is Psv. To the best of our knowledge, this research has revealed pomegranate as a natural host of Psv, which extends the list of host plant species affected by the pathogen in the world and Turkey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pomegranate trees were affected by the disease with outgrowths (galls or knot) disease. Currently, there is no published study on disease agent(s) causing the galls or knots on pomegranate trees in worldwide. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots. The causal agent of the knot Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi (Psv) was identified based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular methods, pathogenicity tests and sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Psv on pomegranate as a natural host, which extends the growing list of plant species affected by this bacterium in the world and Turkey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirik
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulubas Serce
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Baysal
mesh_terms: D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D031658:Olea / Q000382:microbiology; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000382:microbiology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids
keywords: PCR; Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi; Turkey; bacterial knot; pomegranate