title: Does swimming exercise affect experimental chronic kidney disease in rats treated with gum acacia?
abstract: Different modes of exercise are reported to be beneficial in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Similar benefits have also been ascribed to the dietary supplement gum acacia (GA). Using several physiological, biochemical, immunological, and histopathological measurements, we assessed the effect of swimming exercise (SE) on adenine-induced CKD, and tested whether SE would influence the salutary action of GA in rats with CKD. Eight groups of rats were used, the first four of which were fed normal chow for 5 weeks, feed mixed with adenine (0.25% w/w) to induce CKD, GA in the drinking water (15% w/v), or were given adenine plus GA, as above. Another four groups were similarly treated, but were subjected to SE during the experimental period, while the first four groups remained sedentary. The pre-SE program lasted for four days (before the start of the experimental treatments), during which the rats were made to swim for 5 to 10 min, and then gradually extended to 20 min per day. Thereafter, the rats in the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th groups started to receive their respective treatments, and were subjected to SE three days a week for 45 min each. Adenine induced the typical signs of CKD as confirmed by histopathology, and the other measurements, and GA significantly ameliorated all these signs. SE did not affect the salutary action of GA on renal histology, but it partially improved some of the above biochemical and physiological analytes, suggesting that addition of this mode of exercise to GA supplementation may improve further the benefits of GA supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Badreldin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates, Alin, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Salam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Za'abi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al Balushi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Aishwarya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Mostafa I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Waly
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates, Alin, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Javid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Sirin A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adham
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates, Alin, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Abderrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006170:Gum Arabic; D000225:Adenine