title: Interpersonal stressors predict ghrelin and leptin levels in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stressful events enhance risk for weight gain and adiposity. Ghrelin and leptin, two hormones that are implicated in appetite regulation, may link stressful events to weight gain; a number of rodent studies suggest that stressors increase ghrelin production. The present study investigated the links among daily stressors, ghrelin and leptin, and dietary intake in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n=50) completed three study appointments that were scheduled at least 2 weeks apart. At each visit, women arrived fasting and ate a standardized breakfast and lunch. Blood samples were collected 45min after each meal. Women completed a self-report version of the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE) at each appointment. Two composites were created from the DISE data, reflecting the number of stressors that did and did not involve interpersonal tension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who experienced more stressors involving interpersonal tension had higher ghrelin and lower leptin levels than those who experienced fewer interpersonal stressors. Furthermore, women who experienced more interpersonal stressors had a diet that was higher in calories, fat, carbohydrates, protein, sugar, sodium, and fiber, and marginally higher in cholesterol, vegetables (but not fruits), vitamin A, and vitamin C. Stressors that did not involve interpersonal tension were unrelated to ghrelin and leptin levels or any of the dietary components examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that ghrelin and leptin may link daily interpersonal stressors to weight gain and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jaremka
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA.
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Belury
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Andridge
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Malarkey
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA. Electronic address: Janice.Kiecolt-Glaser@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Janice K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kiecolt-Glaser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood*; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Eating; Ghrelin; Interpersonal relationships; Leptin; Obesity; Stressful events