title: The mechanism of direct stimulation of the   cochlea by vibrating the round window.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active middle ear implants such as the vibrant sound bridge (VSB) have been placed on the round window (RW) in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss, with satisfactory hearing results. Several observations show that the mechanism of RW stimulation is not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare different coupling procedures between the transducer and the RW in order to contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of RW stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five fat sand rats underwent ablation of the left ear and opening of the right bulla, followed by baseline measurements of thresholds of auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses (ABR) to air and bone conduction click stimuli. Subsequently the malleus and incus were removed from the right middle ear, modeling a conductive hearing loss in which the VSB on the RW is indicated. In the next stage of the experiment, a rod attached to the bone vibrator was placed gently on the RW membrane and then on saline fluid applied to the RW niche. ABR thresholds were recorded following both placements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline ABR threshold in response to air conduction stimuli was 48 ± 4 dB; mean ABR threshold when the rod was placed on the dry RW membrane was 99 ± 12 dB; mean ABR threshold when the rod was in the saline on RW niche was 79 ± 7 dB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABR thresholds were better (lower) with stimulation of fluid on the RW membrane compared to direct stimulation of the RW, providing further evidence of a direct fluid pathway.
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Cahtia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adelman
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chordekar
authors.forename: Marrigje A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sohmer
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D051381:Rats; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound; D014732:Vibration