title: Is C-reactive protein useful in prognostication for colorectal cancer? A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the advent of several different therapeutic strategies to manage the different stages of colorectal cancer, it would be beneficial to allow substratification of patients into groups who are most likely to benefit from costly interventions. The purpose of this review is to analyse the evidence from several retrospective studies examining the prognostic significance of C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that analysed CRP and its prognostic significance in all stages of operable colorectal cancer. The primary end-points of interest were overall survival and disease-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 205 studies were identified by the search. Twelve involving 1705 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included. Three of the included studies including 305 patients considered Stage IV colorectal cancer and the impact of CRP on survival. Overall survival and disease-free survival were shorter in the presence of an elevated preoperative CRP in local and advanced colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRP may be useful for prognosis in patients with primary and metastatic colorectal cancer, but currently there is insufficient evidence to justify its routine use. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to validate its role in substratification of patients for consideration of (neo)adjuvant therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of HpB and Transplant Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Smart
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C reactive protein; Surgery; cancer; colorectal; oncology