title: The potential of the Child Health Utility 9D Index as an outcome measure for child dental health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) is a relatively new generic child health-related quality of life measure (HRQoL)-designed to be completed by children-which enables the calculation of utility values.The aim is to investigate the use of the CHU9D Index as an outcome measure for child dental health in New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was conducted of children aged between 6 and 9 years attending for routine dental examinations in community clinics in Dunedin (New Zealand) in 2012. The CHU9D, a HRQoL, was used, along with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ), a validated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measure. Socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity and household deprivation) were recorded. Dental therapists undertook routine clinical examinations, with charting recorded for each child for decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft) at the d3 level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty 6-to-9-year-olds (50.7% female) took part in the study (93.3% participation rate). The mean d3mft was 2.4 (SD = 2.6; range 0 to 9). Both CHU9D and CPQ detected differences in the impact of dental caries, with scores in the expected direction: children who presented with caries had higher scores (indicating poorer OHRQoL) than those who were free of apparent caries. Children with no apparent caries had a higher mean CHU9D score than those with caries (indicating better HRQoL). The difference for the CPQ was statistically significant, but for CHU9D the difference was not significant. When the two indices were compared, there was a significant difference in mean CHU9D scores by the prevalence of CPQ and subscale impacts with children experiencing no impacts having mean CHU9D scores closer to 1.0 (representing perfect health).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CHU9D may be useful in dental research. Further exploration in samples with different caries experience is required. The use of the CHU9D in child oral health studies will enable the calculation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for use in economic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. lyndie.fosterpage@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Lyndie A Foster
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: W Murray
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marshman
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D009909:Oral Health; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations