title: Audiological manifestations in HIV-positive adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the findings of behavioral hearing assessment in HIV-positive individuals who received and did not receive antiretroviral treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This research was a cross-sectional study. The participants were 45 HIV-positive individuals (18 not exposed and 27 exposed to antiretroviral treatment) and 30 control-group individuals. All subjects completed an audiological evaluation through pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and high-frequency audiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hearing thresholds obtained by pure-tone audiometry were different between groups. The group that had received antiretroviral treatment had higher thresholds for the frequencies ranging from 250 to 3000 Hz compared with the control group and the group not exposed to treatment. In the range of frequencies from 4000 through 8000 Hz, the HIV-positive groups presented with higher thresholds than did the control group. The hearing thresholds determined by high-frequency audiometry were different between groups, with higher thresholds in the HIV-positive groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-positive individuals presented poorer results in pure-tone and high-frequency audiometry, suggesting impairment of the peripheral auditory pathway. Individuals who received antiretroviral treatment presented poorer results on both tests compared with individuals not exposed to antiretroviral treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Gentile
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Matas
authors.affiliation: Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosanna Giaffredo
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Angrisani
authors.affiliation: Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Cristina Leite
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Magliaro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aluisio Augusto Cotrim
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Segurado
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult