title: Surface roughness and Candida albicans biofilm formation on a reline resin after long-term chemical disinfection and toothbrushing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Routine cleaning of a denture may increase the surface roughness of the material.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of denture cleansers and time on the roughness and Candida albicans biofilm formation on a reline resin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens of Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (20 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared and divided into 9 groups (n=15): Test groups were toothbrushed (30 cycles per day) in 1 of the following solutions: water, soap, or toothpaste. After toothbrushing, the specimens were immersed in solutions of water, sodium perborate, or chlorhexidine. These treatments were done once a day for 365 days. The surface roughness was evaluated at 0, 7, 15, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days, and the C albicans biofilm formation was measured after 365 days. The roughness data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey test (α=.05), and the C albicans biofilm formation was analyzed by 2-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found in the toothbrush and time interaction and in the toothbrush, immersion, and time interaction (P<.001). No significant differences were found between the toothbrush agent and chemical disinfection (P=.085) or between chemical disinfection and time interaction (P=.604). Brushing with dentifrice (PPb and PCh) showed a gradual decrease in surface roughness. The comparison among groups showed that PCh produced the lowest values of roughness. For C albicans biofilm formation, no significant differences were found among the experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The roughness values ranged from 0.31 to 0.69 μm for all evaluated groups. For all groups, no significant differences were found in the quantification of C albicans.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Izumida
authors.affiliation: Researcher collaborator, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: janaina@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Janaína H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Titular Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pavarina
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Moffa
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eunice T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Giampaolo
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000737:chemistry; D003822:Denture Liners; D003823:Denture Rebasing; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D012915:Soaps / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D003764:Dental Materials; D003820:Denture Cleansers; D008689:Methacrylates; D012915:Soaps; D014100:Toothpastes; C514244:tokuyama rebase fast II; D014867:Water; D002710:Chlorhexidine; C027707:sodium perborate