title: Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms within a Mississippi USA population as possible biomarkers of enzyme activities associated with disease susceptibility.
abstract: Paraoxonase (PON1) hydrolyzes paraoxon (PO) and diazoxon (DZO), active metabolites of insecticides parathion and diazinon. The PON1 gene has single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including a codon 192 arginine (R) to glutamine (Q) and methionine (M) to leucine (L) at codon 55. Hydrolysis of PO (POase), DZO (DZOase), dihydrocoumarin (lactonase), and phenyl acetate (arylesterase) were evaluated for associations with race, gender, age, and PON1 55/192 SNP genotypes. Variables were analyzed both individually and in combination. QQ individuals had higher lactonase (p < 0.001) than RR individuals. This might partially explain why predominantly RR African Americans have higher rates of coronary disease than predominantly QQ Caucasians. Significant (p < 0.001) differences in arylesterase were seen among genotypes with QQ and MM lowest whereas RR and LL were highest. This opposes the prevailing belief that arylesterase is unaffected by genotype and suggests that this activity cannot be used to quantify PON1 protein.
authors.affiliation: Basic Sciences Department and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762-6100, USA.
authors.forename: Chiquita Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dail
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: Howard W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Janice E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003374:Coumarins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C570634:phenyl acetate; C000912:diazoxon; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C026308:3,4-dihydrocoumarin; D010261:Paraoxon