title: Risk factors associated with amputation-free survival in patient with diabetic foot ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the 1-year survival rate, 1-year amputation-free survival rate and the risk factors of amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-three patients with diabetic foot ulcers were included in our study. Mean patient age was 67.5 (range, 29 to 87, SD ±11.4) years. 74% of the patients were male. Time from study entry to amputation and time to death were evaluated separately as censored event times by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was carried out for determining the risk factors of amputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate and amputation-free survival rate were 96.5% (n=167), 65.9% (n=114), respectively, over one year study period. Severity of ulcer was the strongest significant risk factor of amputation [hazard ratio (HR): 7.99; confidence interval (CI): 3.12 to 20.47]. Peripheral artery disease was also independent risk factor of amputation (HR: 2.64; CI: 1.52 to 4.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In assessing the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers, clinicians should consider the severity of ulcer and presence of peripheral artery disease. Our study provides important insights into clinical practice and supplementary information for both physicians and patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Armed Force Hampyeong Hospital, Hampyeong, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Chin Youb
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Taeseung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Hyuk
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Gyun
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. oasis100@empal.com.
authors.forename: Kyoung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer; amputation-free survival; survival rate