title: Hepatitis A virus in the Middle East and North Africa region: a new challenge.
abstract: During the past three decades, a gradual shift in the age of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) from early childhood to adulthood has been observed. There is a general lack of updated data on HAV burden of disease, incidence and age-specific seroprevalence in countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The aim of this article is to review the published data on anti-HAV seroprevalence, an important tool to monitor infections rates, in countries of the MENA region and associated risk factors including water and socioeconomic data when available. Data on anti-HAV seroprevalence were found for 12 of 25 MENA countries. We show that MENA countries, similar to other areas in the world, have a clear shift in HAV incidence with a decline among young age groups and an increase among adults and older individuals. This would likely be associated with increased morbidity and increased risks of outbreaks among younger age groups. Consequently, the continuous surveillance of hepatitis A cases and the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine in the expanded immunization programmes are needed in countries of the MENA.
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Melhem
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talhouk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rachidi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramia
mesh_terms: D000352:Africa, Northern / Q000453:epidemiology; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies
keywords: Middle East and North Africa; hepatitis A vaccine; hepatitis A virus; risk factors; seroprevalence