title: Prevalence of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms in school-age children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence (UI) in elementary school aged children in Manisa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVIS) which was developed in Turkey is used. A total of 416 children, 216 (51.9%) male and 200 (48.1%) female were recruited in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of children was 10.35 ± 2.44 years (median10 years). Daytime UI frequency was 6.7% (28 child), nocturnal incontinence 16.6% (69 child) and combined daytime and nocturnal incontinence 4.1% (17 child). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of nocturnal and or daytime UI between male and female gender. Mean DVIS score was 2.65 ± 3.95 and gender did not affect total DVIS points. The mean ages of achieving daytime bowel and bladder control were all significantly correlated with DVIS points. DVIS points were positively correlated with the history of UI of the family. Total points were increased when the father was unemployed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UI negatively influences health related quality of life of the family and child, so it is important that awareness of the UI and symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Celal Bayar University, Izmir, Turkey. ipekozunan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ipek Ozunan
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Health, Celal Bayar University,Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Health, Celal Bayar University,Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur Cakmakci
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D053207:Diurnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D020921:Sleep Arousal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics