title: Characteristics of adverse medication events in a children's hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare adverse medication events (AMEs) reported in children, via the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) coding with events reported via other data sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  AME reports were retrieved using codes Y40-Y59 and X40-X44 over 6 months. Patients' charts were manually reviewed to identify events associated with error and/or harm with medicines during a hospital admission. Medication name, group, error, harm and alert documentation were recorded. Clinical incidents and pharmacist interventions were reviewed for the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred sixty-three events from January to June 2011 were recorded by ICD-10 coding in 180 patients. After duplicated, missing or unrelated events were excluded and 146 AMEs remained. In the same period, 117 AMEs were reported as incidents and 190 as pharmacist interventions. In total, 276 children with 447 events were reported via all sources. Little duplication between data sources was evident. In total, 158 events involved harm, with 135 of these from ICD-10 coding, 16 from incident reports and 2 pharmacist interventions (including 6 events from multiple sources). Error was involved in 3% of ICD10 reports, 97% of incidents and 100% of interventions. Only 14% of harm-related events from ICD-10 were documented on the medical record clinical alert. Chemotherapy accounted for 31% of harm-related events, antimicrobials 18%, corticosteroids 14% and narcotics 12%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the harm-related events, 85% were documented via ICD-10 coding with few documented in other databases. Review of ICD-10-coded AMEs can provide valuable information to improve patient safety and quality.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coombes
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klee
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whitfield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: adverse drug event; incident report; medication; medication safety; paediatrics