title: Intracellular delivery of potential therapeutic genes: prospects in cancer gene therapy.
abstract: Conventional therapies for malignant cancer such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with poor survival rates owing to the development of cellular resistance to cancer drugs and the lack of targetability, resulting in unwanted adverse effects on healthy cells and necessitating the lowering of therapeutic dose with consequential lower efficacy of the treatment. Gene therapy employing different types of viral and non-viral carriers to transport gene(s) of interest and facilitating production of the desirable therapeutic protein(s) has tremendous prospects in cancer treatments due to the high-level of specificity in therapeutic action of the expressed protein(s) with diminished off-target effects, although cancer cell-specific delivery of transgene(s) still poses some challenges to be addressed. Depending on the potential therapeutic target genes, cancer gene therapy could be categorized into tumor suppressor gene replacement therapy, immune gene therapy and enzyme- or prodrug-based therapy. This review would shed light on the current progress of delivery of potentially therapeutic genes into various cancer cells in vitro and animal models utilizing a variety of viral and non-viral vectors.
authors.forename: Athirah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhtiar
authors.forename: Mustak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayyad
authors.forename: Rozita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosli
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Advanced Engineering Platform and Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia. md.ezharul.hoque@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Ezharul H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D016158:Genes, p53; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D007378:Interleukins; D008081:Liposomes; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D007372:Interferons; D013937:Thymidine Kinase