title: Effects of silver nanocolloids on early life stages of the scleractinian coral Acropora japonica.
abstract: In this study, the effects of silver nanocolloids (SNCs) on the early life stages of the reef-building coral Acropora japonica were investigated. The tolerance of this species to SNC contamination was estimated by exposing gametes, larvae, and primary polyps to a range of SNC concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg l(-1)). Pure SNCs were immediately ionized to Ag(+) in seawater and concentrations of ≥50 μg l(-1) SNC had a significant detrimental effect on fertilization, larval metamorphosis, and primary polyp growth. Exposure to 50 μg l(-1) SNC did not significantly affect larval survival; however, the larvae were deformed and lost their ability to metamorphose. At the highest concentration (500 μg l(-1) SNC), all gametes, larvae, and primary polyps died. These experiments provide the first data on the effects of silver-nanomaterial-contaminated seawater on cnidarians, and suggest that silver nanomaterials can influence the early development of corals through anthropogenic wastewater inputs.
authors.affiliation: Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan. Electronic address: ryota@zenno.jp.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suwa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Shosaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashiwada
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007564:Japan; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C586932:colloidal silver; D012834:Silver
keywords: Acropora; Early life stages; Ecotoxicology; Nanomaterial; Silver nanocolloid