title: Ketofol-Dexmedetomidine combination in ECT: A punch for depression and agitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The choice of anaesthetic agent for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) depends on seizure duration, haemodynamic, and recovery parameters. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of ketamine-propofol induction with dexmedetomidine preadministration (ketofol-dex group) and without its preadministration (ketofol group) on haemodynamics, depression, seizure duration, recovery characteristics, and agitation following ECT in patients with depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients aged 18-60 years were scheduled for ECT for treatment of depression. Dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) diluted to a volume of 10 ml with 0.9% saline or 10 ml 0.9% saline were infused intravenously over 10 minutes before induction of anaesthesia with ketamine and propofol (ketofol). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Software for the Social Sciences (SPSS) package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor seizure duration in ketofol group was significantly less compared to ketofol-dex group (35.8 ± 6.6s versus 38.9 ± 4.9s). Total ketofol used was significantly less in ketofol-dex group compared to ketofol group (78.5 ± 10.8mg versus 90 ± 13.2mg). The number of patients with agitation score >2 was significantly lower in ketofol-dex group (1.4%) compared to ketofol group (8.6%). There was significant decrease (P = 0.000) in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in ketofol-dex group compared to ketofol group at 20, 30, and 40 minutes for MAP and at 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes for HR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketofol-dex mixture in ECT is associated with longer mean seizure duration, effective anti-depression, less incidence of agitation, more patient satisfaction, and acceptable decreases in blood pressure and HR when compared to ketofol alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and ICU, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ragaa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Masry
keywords: Agitation; depression; dexmedetomidine; electroconvulsive therapy; ketofol