title: The D allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is associated with greater hemodynamic response to resistance exercises.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of ACE I/D polymorphism and hemodynamic response to exercise have been limited to primarily aerobic exercises. We hypothesized that D allele carriers would show greater hemodynamic response to resistance exercise, as has been observed with aerobic. This study aimed to investigate the association of ACE I/D polymorphism and hemodynamic (blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP)) response to resistance exercise in young healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACE I/D polymorphisms were studied by PCR analysis from 75 healthy men. Subjects completed a resistance exercise session of three sets of 10 knee extension repetitions with loads of 50, 75 and 100% of 10RM and two-minute rest intervals. Hemodynamic measures were recorded before and immediately after each set. Analysis of variance was used to identify significant differences among ACE genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with hemodynamic response to resistance exercise, as healthy subjects with ACE D allele were prone to higher responses. In addition, this phenotypic difference seems to be a load-dependent trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE DD carriers exhibit greater heart work during resistance exercise. Future studies should focus on the influence of resistance training period with different workloads on the hemodynamic response in healthy individuals with different ACE genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivna V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Movement Studies, Universitary Fundation of Itaperuna, Brazil Laboratory of Physiology and Biokinetics, Universidade Iguaçu at Itaperuna, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ Research Center, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ícaro J S
authors.initials: ÍJ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Section, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hackney
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana A L
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil rafaelpereira@brjb.com.br.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D055070:Resistance Training; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE I/D polymorphism; Renin-angiotensin system; blood pressure; candidate gene; exercise