title: Differential proteomic analysis of midguts from Nosema ceranae-infected honeybees reveals manipulation of key host functions.
abstract: Many invasive pathogens effectively bypass the insect defenses to ensure the completion of their life cycle. Among those, an invasive microsporidian species, Nosema ceranae, can cause nosemosis in honeybees. N. ceranae was first described in the Asian honeybee Apis cerana and is suspected to be involved in Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) declines worldwide. The midgut of honeybees is the first barrier against N. ceranae attacks. To bring proteomics data on honeybee/N. ceranae crosstalk and more precisely to decipher the worker honeybee midgut response after an oral inoculation of N. ceranae (10days post-infection), we used 2D-DIGE (2-Dimensional Differential In-Gel Electrophoresis) combined with mass spectrometry. Forty-five protein spots produced by the infected worker honeybee group were shown to be differentially expressed when compared to the uninfected group; 14 were subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. N. ceranae mainly caused a modulation of proteins involved in three key host biological functions: (i) energy production, (ii) innate immunity (reactive oxygen stress) and (iii) protein regulation. The modulation of these host biological functions suggests that N. ceranae creates a zone of "metabolic habitat modification" in the honeybee midgut favoring its development by enhancing availability of nutrients and reducing the worker honeybee defense.
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidau
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panek
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Texier
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Biron
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Luc P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Belzunces
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Plateforme de Protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
authors.forename: Morgane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Plateforme de Protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broussard
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delbac
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63177 Aubière, France. Electronic address: hicham.el_alaoui@univ-bpclermont.fr.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Alaoui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016818:Nosema / Q000502:physiology*; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins
keywords: 2D-DIGE; Honeybee; Host–parasite interaction; Midgut; Nosema