title: Creation of hydrophilic nitric oxide releasing polymers via plasma surface modification.
abstract: Herein, we describe the surface modification of an S-nitrosated polymer derivative via H2O plasma treatment, resulting in polymer coatings that maintained their nitric oxide (NO) releasing capabilities, but exhibited dramatic changes in surface wettability. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based hydrophobic polymer was nitrosated to achieve a material capable of releasing the therapeutic agent NO. The NO-loaded films were subjected to low-temperature H2O plasma treatments, where the treatment power (20-50 W) and time (1-5 min) were varied. The plasma treated polymer films were superhydrophilic (water droplet spread completely in <100 ms), yet retained 90% of their initial S-nitrosothiol content. Under thermal conditions, NO release profiles were identical to controls. Under buffer soak conditions, the NO release profile was slightly lowered for the plasma-treated materials; however, they still result in physiologically relevant NO fluxes. XPS, SEM-EDS, and ATR-IR characterization suggests the plasma treatment resulted in polymer rearrangement and implantation of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. Plasma treated samples maintained both hydrophilic surface properties and NO release profiles after storage at -18 °C for at least 10 days, demonstrating the surface modification and NO release capabilities are stable over time. The ability to tune polymer surface properties while maintaining bulk properties and NO release properties, and the stability of those properties under refrigerated conditions, represents a unique approach toward creating enhanced therapeutic biopolymers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pegalajar-Jurado
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Joslin
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawker
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D015538:Nitrosation; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D014867:Water; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003545:Cysteine