title: Phthalate exposure and child development: the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Widespread phthalate exposure has prompted investigations concerning their potential adverse health effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre and early postnatal phthalate exposure on child psychomotor development based on the data from the prospective Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO PL).
  Phthalate exposure was determined by measuring 11 phthalate metabolites (MEP, MiBP, MnBP, 3OH-MnBP, MBzP, MEHP, 5OH-MEHP, 5oxo-MEHP, OH-MiNP, oxo-MiNP, and MnOP) in the urine collected from mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy (prenatal exposure) and from their children at the 24th month of age (postnatal exposure). The analysis was performed by the HPLC-MS/MS method. Psychomotor development was assessed in children at the age of 2years by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Child motor development was inversely associated with natural log concentrations (μg/g creatinine) of 3OH-MnBP (β= -2.3; 95% CI -4.0 to -0.6), 5OH-MEHP (β= -1.2; 95% CI -2.2 to -0.3), 5oxo-MEHP (β= -1.8; 95% CI -3.3 to -0.2) and sum of DEHP metabolites (β= -2.2; 95% CI -3.6 to -0.8), DnBP metabolites (β= -1.9; 95% CI -3.4 to -0.4), and high molecular weight phthalates (β= -2.5; 95% CI -4.1 to -0.9) in the urine collected from mothers during pregnancy after adjustment for a variety of potential confounders. Additional adjustment for postnatal phthalate exposure did not change the results. Postnatal child exposure to phthalates was not associated with any of the measured scores of child psychomotor development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings add further support to the possibility that prenatal phthalate exposure may be detrimental to child neurodevelopment and underscore the importance of policies and public health interventions aiming at reduction of such exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: kinga@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polanska
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ligocka
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sobala
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids
keywords: Children; Neurodevelopment; Phthalates; Pregnancy