title: Targetable phosphorescent oxygen nanosensors for the assessment of tumor mitochondrial dysfunction by monitoring the respiratory activity.
abstract: Cellular respiration is a worthwhile criterion to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction by measuring the dissolved oxygen. However, most of the existing sensing strategies merely report extracellular (ec-) or intracellular (ic-) O2 rather than intramitochondrial (im-) O2 . Herein we present a method to assess tumor mitochondrial dysfunction with three phosphorescent nanosensors, which respond to ec-, ic-, and im-O2 . Time-resolved luminescence is applied to determine the respective oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) under varying respiratory conditions. Data obtained for the OCRs and on (intra)cellular O2 gradients demonstrate that mitochondria in tumor cells are distinctly less active than those of healthy cells, resulting from restrained glucose utilization of and physical injury to the mitochondria. We believe that such a site-resolved sensing strategy can be applied to numerous other situations, for example to evaluate the adverse effects of drug candidates.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044 (China).
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-Shang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fang-Tian
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Wolfbeis
mesh_terms: D019069:Cell Respiration; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
chemical_list: D049408:Luminescent Agents; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: luminescence; mitochondrial dysfunction; nanoparticles; oxygen; sensors