title: Dispersant Corexit 9500A and chemically dispersed crude oil decreases the growth rates of meroplanktonic barnacle nauplii (Amphibalanus improvisus) and tornaria larvae (Schizocardium sp.).
abstract: Our knowledge of the lethal and sublethal effects of dispersants and dispersed crude oil on meroplanktonic larvae is limited despite the importance of planktonic larval stages in the life cycle of benthic invertebrates. We determined the effects of Light Louisiana Sweet crude oil, dispersant Corexit 9500A, and dispersant-treated crude oil on the survival and growth rates of nauplii of the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus and tornaria larvae of the enteropneust Schizocardium sp. Growth rates of barnacle nauplii and tornaria larvae were significantly reduced after exposure to chemically dispersed crude oil and dispersant Corexit 9500A at concentrations commonly found in the water column after dispersant application in crude oil spills. We also found that barnacle nauplii ingested dispersed crude oil, which may have important consequences for the biotransfer of petroleum hydrocarbons through coastal pelagic food webs after a crude oil spill. Therefore, application of chemical dispersants increases the impact of crude oil spills on meroplanktonic larvae, which may affect recruitment and population dynamics of marine benthic invertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA. Electronic address: roal@aqua.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almeda
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Buskey
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D060851:Gulf of America; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008055:Lipids / Q000633:toxicity*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010578:Petroleum; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C470995:corexit 9500
keywords: Cirripede nauplii; Crude oil; Dispersant Corexit 9500A; Environmental pollution; Growth rates; Meroplanktonic larvae; Sublethal effects; Tornaria larvae; Toxicity