title: Chemical tools to explore nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc cycling.
abstract: Posttranslational modifications (PTM) including glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination dynamically alter the proteome. The evolutionarily conserved enzymes O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase are responsible for the addition and removal, respectively, of the nutrient-sensitive PTM of protein serine and threonine residues with O-GlcNAc. Indeed, the O-GlcNAc modification acts at every step in the "central dogma" of molecular biology and alters signaling pathways leading to amplified or blunted biological responses. The cellular roles of OGT and the dynamic PTM O-GlcNAc have been clarified with recently developed chemical tools including high-throughput assays, structural and mechanistic studies and potent enzyme inhibitors. These evolving chemical tools complement genetic and biochemical approaches for exposing the underlying biological information conferred by O-GlcNAc cycling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Education-Chemistry Major, Daegu University , Daegu , S. Korea and.
authors.forename: Eun J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Dona C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanover
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000379:methods*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C063057:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
keywords: O-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc transferase; OGT's activity assays; OGT's catalytic mechanism; OGT's inhibitors