title: Inhibition effect of glyphosate on the acute and subacute toxicity of cadmium to earthworm Eisenia fetida.
abstract: The acute and subacute toxicities of cadmium (Cd) to earthworm Eisenia fetida in the presence and absence of glyphosate were studied. Although Cd is highly toxic to E. fetida, the presence of glyphosate markedly reduced the acute toxicity of Cd to earthworm; both the mortality rate of the earthworms and the accumulation of Cd decreased with the increase of the glyphosate/Cd molar ratio. The subcellular distribution of Cd in E. fetida tissues showed that internal Cd was dominant in the intact cells fraction and the heat-stable proteins fraction. The presence of glyphosate reduced the concentration of Cd in all fractions, especially the intact cells. During a longer period of exposure, the weight loss of earthworm and the total Cd absorption was alleviated by glyphosate. Thus, the herbicide glyphosate can reduce the toxicity and bioavailability of Cd in the soil ecosystems at both short- and long-term exposures.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chui-Fan
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yu-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui-Juan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Cun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guang-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Wen-Xiu
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Cheng-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Cadmium; Eisenia fetida; Glyphosate; Mixture toxicity