title: Improving detection of siderotic nodules in patients with liver disease using 2D ESWAN technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a preliminary evaluation of the use of two-dimensional (2D) enhanced multiecho T2*-weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequence for detection and quantification of siderotic nodules (SNs) in patients with liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four patients with liver cirrhosis SNs confirmed by pathology were imaged using conventional T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI), and 2D ESWAN. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) and the lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The quality of SNs identification of the ESWAN images was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SIR of SNs on ESWAN was lower than those in any other sequence, whereas the CNR of SNs on ESWAN was significantly greater than those in the other sequences (P < .05). The conspicuity of SNs was shown to be significantly different between every pair of techniques (P < .05). The nodules had the better conspicuity in ESWAN images than in the T1WI, T2WI, and T2*WI. Almost all (97.3%, 72 of 74) patients were considered to have excellent grade 3 conspicuity on ESWAN imaging, compared to 40.5% (30 of 74) for T2*WI. The signal intensity of small hepatic cancer on ESWAN was greater than those of SNs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection and conspicuity of SNs is substantially improved using breath-hold 2D ESWAN. Therefore, 2D ESWAN imaging may be an alternative for the accurate detection of hepatic SNs in the future.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, 7166#, Baotong West St, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Lingfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, 7166#, Baotong West St, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China. Electronic address: wangxizhen@wfmc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xizhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shiyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006486:Hemosiderosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; cirrhotic liver; enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography; siderotic nodules