title: Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract prevents inflammation in diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: Obesity is closely associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. We investigated if polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) can prevent inflammation in vivo. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a modified AIN-93M control diet containing high fat/high cholesterol (16% fat, 0.25% cholesterol by weight) or the control diet supplemented with 0.1% BCE (wt/wt) for 12 weeks. In BCE-fed mice, the percentage of body weight and adipocyte size of the epididymal fat were significantly lower than those of control mice. There were fewer crown-like structures (CLS) with concomitant decreases in F4/80, cluster of differentiation 68 and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase ε (IKKε) mRNA in the epididymal adipose of BCE-fed mice. F4/80 and IKKε mRNA levels were positively correlated with CLS number. In the skeletal muscle of mice fed with BCE, mRNA expression of genes involved in energy expenditure and mitochondrial biogenesis, including PPARα, PPARδ, UCP-2, UCP-3 and mitochondrial transcription factor A, were significantly increased. When splenocytes from BCE-fed mice were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β mRNA were significantly lower than control splenocytes. Together, the results suggest that BCE supplementation decreases obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue and splenocytes, at least in part, by modulating energy metabolism in skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benn
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Bohkyung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Casey J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harness
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Gyu
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Ok
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Electronic address: ji-young.lee@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D063185:Epigenetic Repression; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063269:Mitochondrial Turnover; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; C000604390:Ucp2 protein, mouse; C000604393:Ucp3 protein, mouse; C422562:mitochondrial transcription factor A
keywords: Anthocyanins; Blackcurrant; Crown-like structure; Inflammation; Macrophage infiltration; Obesity