title: Incidence of ano-genital and head and neck malignancies in women with a previous diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine if women with a history of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2 and CIN3) are at increased long-term risk for developing non-cervix HPV-related malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women diagnosed with CIN2 or CIN3 between 1980 and 2005 were identified from the British Columbia (BC) Cancer Agency Cervical Cancer Screening Program's database. These patients' records were then cross-referenced with the BC Cancer Registry for diagnosis of vulvar, vaginal, anal or head and neck (HN) cancers during the period subsequent to their diagnosis of CIN. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were generated according to expected rates of each cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  54,320 women with a diagnosis of CIN2 or CIN3 were identified between 1985 and 2005. The crude incidence rate for non-cervix HPV-related cancers was 35.4 per 100,000 person-years (8.6 for vagina, 17.6 for vulva, 3.7 for anal canal and 5.5 for HN). The SIR was 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.7) for all non-cervix cancers, 6.7 (95% CI: 3.0-12.8) for vagina, 2.9 (95% CI: 1.7-4.6) for vulva, 1.8 (95% CI: 0.4-4.7) for anal canal, and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2-1.4) for HN. There were statistically significant increases in anal cancers for years 5-9 and in HN cancers for years 0.5-5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BC women with a history of CIN2 or CIN3 are at relatively high risk of developing non-cervical HPV-related malignancies. The findings of this study suggest that interventions such as vaccination against high-risk HPV or long-term screening for these other cancers should be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: BC Cancer Agency Vancouver Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada; Radiation Oncology, CSSS de Gatineau, Gatineau QC, Canada. Electronic address: marcgaudet@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaudet
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Oncology and Outcomes, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.affiliation: BC Cancer Agency Vancouver Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aquino-Parsons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology
keywords: CIN; Cancer; Cervix; HPV; Incidence