title: Cross-resistance and baseline susceptibility of spirotetramat in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
abstract: Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest all over the world. New products against thrips are necessary, as there are few effective compounds exhibiting cross-resistance among them. Lethal effects, cross-resistance, and baseline susceptibility to spirotetramat were evaluated in this study. A new bioassay method for testing thrips against spirotetramat was developed. Spirotetramat showed a significant mortality effect on larvae after 7 d of exposure, but a low effect was observed on adults. Baseline results for larval instars showed LC50 values ranging from 11.59 to 49.81 mg AI/liter, with a low natural variability (3.2-fold). Cross-resistance studies showed overlapping confidence limits of the LC50 values for laboratory-selected (against acrinathrin, methiocarb, formetanate, and spinosad) resistant and susceptible strains, and low resistance factors, from 0.5 to 1.9, suggesting no cross-resistance to conventional insecticides previously used. A slight ovicidal effect (21-40% reduction) was also detected. Despite presenting low effects on adults, spirotetramat showed high but slow efficacy on F. occidentalis larvae. Field populations in southeast Spain showed a consistent susceptibility to spirotetramat. Given the scarcity of effective products and the lack of cross-resistance to other insecticides, spirotetramat can be considered as a good chemical tool to control F. occidentalis.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bielza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D013030:Spain; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D007306:Insecticides; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C570705:spirotetramat