title: Prognostic significance of preoperative fibrinogen in patients with colon cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative fibrinogen levels in colon cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 255 colon cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 1(st) 2005 to June 1(st) 2008 were enrolled in the study. All patients received radical surgery as their primary treatment method. Preoperative fibrinogen was detected by the Clauss method, and all patients were followed up after surgery. Preoperative fibrinogen measurements were correlated with a number of clinicopathological parameters using the Student t test and analysis of variance. Survival analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression modeling to measure 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean preoperative fibrinogen concentration of all colon cancer patients was 3.17 ± 0.88 g/L. Statistically significant differences were found between preoperative fibrinogen levels and the clinicopathological parameters of age, smoking status, tumor size, tumor location, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, modified Glasgow prognostic scores (mGPS), white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Univariate survival analysis showed that TNM stage, tumor cell differentiation grade, vascular invasion, mGPS score, preoperative fibrinogen, WBC, NLR, PLR and CEA all correlated with both OS and DFS. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and body mass index correlated only with OS. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that both OS and DFS of the total cohort, as well as of the stage II and III patients, were higher in the hypofibrinogen group compared to the hyperfibrinogen group (all P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between OS and DFS in stage I patients with low or high fibrinogen levels. Cox regression analysis indicated preoperative fibrinogen levels, TNM stage, mGPS score, CEA, and AFP levels correlated with both OS and DFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative fibrinogen levels can serve as an independent prognostic marker to evaluate patient response to colon cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Na
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Jiang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Wei
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Zhen-Qiang Sun, Hai-Jiang Wang, Ze-Liang Zhao, Xian-Bo Yu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Clinicopathological parameters; Colon cancer; Fibrinogen; Prognosis; Relationship