title: Rho GTPases modulate malignant transformation of tumor cells.
abstract: Rho GTPases are involved in the acquisition of all the hallmarks of cancer, which comprise 6 biological capabilities acquired during the development of human tumors. The hallmarks include proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis programs, as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. (1) Controlling these hallmarks are genome instability and inflammation. Emerging hallmarks are reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. To give a different view to the readers, we will not be focusing on invasion, metastasis, or cytoskeletal remodeling, but we will review here how Rho GTPases contribute to other hallmarks of cancer with a special emphasis on malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; New Hunt's House; Guy's Campus; King's College London; London, UK.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orgaz
authors.affiliation: Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; New Hunt's House; Guy's Campus; King's College London; London, UK.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herraiz
authors.affiliation: Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; New Hunt's House; Guy's Campus; King's College London; London, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanz-Moreno
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D025581:Neurofibromin 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025581:Neurofibromin 2; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
keywords: Rho GTPases; inflammation; metabolism; oncogene; proliferation; senescence; survival; transformation; tumor progression