title: Functional electrical stimulation to ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor using single foot switch in patients with hemiplegia from hemorrhagic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to ankle dorsiflexor (DF) and ankle plantarflexor (PF) on kinematic and kinetic parameters of hemiplegic gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen post-stroke hemiplegic patients were considered in this study. Electrical stimulation was delivered to ankle DF during the swing phase and ankle PF during the stance phase via single foot switch. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a computerized motion analysis system with force plate. Data of no stimulation (NS), DF stimulation only (DS), DF and PF stimulation (DPS) group were compared among each other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during swing phase is significantly greater in DS group (-1.55°±9.10°) and DPS group (-2.23°±9.64°), compared with NS group (-6.71°±11.73°) (p<0.05), although there was no statistically significant difference between DS and DPS groups. Ankle plantarflexion angle at toe-off did not show significant differences among NS, DS, and DPS groups. Peak knee flexion in DPS group (34.12°±13.77°) during swing phase was significantly greater than that of NS group (30.78°±13.64°), or DS group (32.83°±13.07°) (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the usual FES application stimulating ankle DF during the swing phase, stimulation of ankle PF during stance phase can help to increase peak knee flexion during the swing phase. This study shows the advantages of stimulating the ankle DF and PF using single foot switch for post-stroke gait.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Mock
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Seonhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
keywords: Electrical stimulation; Gait; Hemiplegia; Kinematics