title: Race and gender disparities in nutrient intake are not related to metabolic syndrome in 20- to 59-year-old US adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between macronutrient and micronutrient intake and metabolic syndrome within race and gender cohorts of young US adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for adults (n=2440) aged 20-59 were analyzed. Two 24-hr dietary recalls were used to measure intake of total calories, macronutrients, and 20 vitamins and minerals. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria. Differences in statistical tests were noted when significant at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 20- to 59-year-old adults was 30.4% [95% confidence interval 27.6-33.2]. Among cohorts, metabolic syndrome was highest in black women and white men, and lowest in black men and white women. Regression analysis indicated that no macronutrients were associated with greater risk of metabolic syndrome. For relative macronutrient intake, men with metabolic syndrome consumed more polyunsaturated fats, whereas women with metabolic syndrome consumed more total, saturated and monounsaturated fats and less fiber and starch than women without metabolic syndrome. Among races, white men and women consumed greater absolute quantities of all macronutrients except carbohydrates and sugar. Micronutrient intake was greatest for white men and women; women without metabolic syndrome had greater micronutrient adequacy than women with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutrient intake varied between race/gender cohorts; however, there were few clinically significant differences in nutrient intake between those with and without metabolic syndrome. Diet may be marginally related to diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Frugé
authors.forename: Sylvia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: Brent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Fountain
authors.forename: Jeralynn S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cossman
authors.forename: M Wes
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D004435:Eating; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D018977:Micronutrients; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients