title: Inhibitors of biofilm formation by biofuel fermentation contaminants.
abstract: Biofuel fermentation contaminants such as Lactobacillus sp. may persist in production facilities by forming recalcitrant biofilms. In this study, biofilm-forming strains of Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus plantarum were isolated and characterized from a dry-grind fuel ethanol plant. A variety of potential biofilm inhibitors were tested, including microbial polysaccharides, commercial enzymes, ferric ammonium citrate, liamocins, phage endolysin, xylitol, and culture supernatants from Bacillus sp. A commercial enzyme mixture (Novozyme 188) and culture supernatants from Bacillus subtilis strains ALT3A and RPT-82412 were identified as the most promising biofilm inhibitors. In biofilm flow cells, these inhibitors reduced the density of viable biofilm cells by 0.8-0.9 log cfu/cm(2). Unlike B. subtilis strain RPT-82412, B. subtilis strain ALT3A and Novozyme 188 did not inhibit planktonic growth of Lactobacillus sp. MALDI-TOF mass spectra showed the production of surfactin-like molecules by both B. subtilis strains, and the coproduction of iturin-like molecules by strain RPT-82412.
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1). Electronic address: tim.leathers@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Leathers
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1).
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1).
authors.forename: Joseph O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1).
authors.forename: Neil P J
authors.initials: NPJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang Ake, Phaholyothin Rd., Lakhok, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pennapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manitchotpisit
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1).
authors.forename: Melinda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nunnally
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA(1).
authors.forename: Amber M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000382:microbiology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010933:Plankton / Q000254:growth & development; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D055666:Lipopeptides; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Biofilm; Biofuel; Contaminants; Inhibitors; Lactobacillus