title: Comparison of scanning electron microscopy and optical coherence tomography for imaging of coronary bifurcation stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new intracoronary imaging modality that has excellent resolution and image quality and has been used to image neointimal coverage after stent implantation. OCT has been compared to histologic, intravascular ultrasound, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. However, OCT has not been compared with SEM for imaging stent coverage over side branches.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare OCT with SEM in imaging neointimal coverage over stent struts bridging coronary side-branch ostia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a balloon-overstretch in-stent restenosis model, we deployed 38 everolimus-eluting stents across coronary bifurcations in nine pigs. We performed OCT immediately after stenting and 4 weeks later; SEM was performed after euthanizing the pigs. OCT images of each stent were compared to the corresponding SEM image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed OCT frames (n=111) for strut-level neointimal coverage and compared them to corresponding SEM images. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.809 (95%CI; 0.734-0.864) and 0.951 (95%CI; 0.930-0.966) for covered and uncovered struts, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a non-atherosclerotic pig model, we showed strong agreement between OCT and SEM in imaging coverage of stent struts bridging side-branch ostia.
authors.affiliation: Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Guilherme V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gahremanpour
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Guilherme F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Attizzani
authors.affiliation: Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Hirosada
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.affiliation: Rippy Pathology Solutions, St. Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Marian K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rippy
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Hiram G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Emerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perin
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058426:Neointima; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015607:Stents; D034421:Sus scrofa; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
keywords: coronary restenosis; neointima; stent