title: Motivation and manipulation capacities of the blue and yellow macaw and the tufted capuchin: a comparative approach.
abstract: This study compared the motivation of the blue and yellow macaw (n=8) and the tufted capuchin (n=3) to manipulate objects that presented different features, their manipulative repertoires, and their ability to solve complex manipulation tasks. Results show that both species seem to be more motivated to manipulate objects that look like food items and that manipulative behavior may be considered as play behavior in the blue and yellow macaws, and would improve foraging motor skills. The tufted capuchins performed more different action styles than the macaws when manipulating objects, and performed substrate-use behavior - the object is put in relationship with a substrate - while the macaws did not. This is an interesting difference because these characteristics are supposed to be precursory of tool-use, behavior never observed in this macaw species. It may be due to the arboreal lifestyle of the macaw and its neophobic character that do not allow it to easily contact objects. Following the same method and using more individuals, further comparative studies should be conducted in order to test these hypotheses. Both species were able to solve complex manipulation tasks.
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité (Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management), Equipe FUNEVOL UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France. Electronic address: anaisbrunon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anaïs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunon
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Éthologie et Cognition Comparées (Laboratory of Compared Ethology and Cognition) EA 3456, BSL - Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, 200 avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France. Electronic address: dbovet@u-paris10.fr.
authors.forename: Dalila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bovet
authors.affiliation: Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes, PARIS-JARDIN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: bourgeois@mnhn.fr.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.affiliation: Departement d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité (Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management), Equipe FUNEVOL UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France. Electronic address: epouydebat@mnhn.fr.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pouydebat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002428:Cebus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010311:Parrots / Q000502:physiology*; D053001:Tool Use Behavior / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Ara ararauna; Complex manipulation; Motivation; Object manipulation; Sapajus apella