title: The relationships between self-efficacy, internet addiction and shame.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Internet addiction (IAD) is one of the most diffuse mental disorders among adolescents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationships between shame, self-efficacy and Internet addiction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited a total of 670 college students (males = 164, 24.5%; females = 506, 75.5%). The subjects were aged between 18 and 36 years (M = 20.93, SD = 2.52; males: M = 21.43, SD = 2.95; females: M = 20.76, SD = 2.35). We administered the following instruments: Experience of Shame Scale; Perceived Social Self-Efficacy Scale - Adult Version; Perceived Self-Efficacy in Handling Negative Emotions Scales; Internet Addiction Test.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), Pearson's correlation indices and linear regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a significant inter-relation between Internet addiction and shame. Shame could be a good predictor of Internet addiction.
authors.affiliation: Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Craparo
authors.affiliation: Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.affiliation: Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fasciano
authors.affiliation: CIPA Meridionale,, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cannella
authors.affiliation: University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.affiliation: Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cacioppo
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baiocco
keywords: Internet addiction; self-efficacy; shame