title: Relationship between the paraoxonase 1 gene glutamine 192 to arginine polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus in Saudi women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is recognized as an imbalance between insulin resistance and insulin secretion, leading to maternal hyperglycemia. Previous studies in a Saudi population indicated a high frequency of Paraoxonase 1 glutamine 192 to arginine (PON1 Q192R) polymorphism, suggesting this polymorphism as an additional risk factor. The present study was designed to explore the possible association between the PON1 Q192R polymorphism and GDM in a Saudi population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study was carried out in 500 pregnant women, including 200 GDM cases and 300 non-GDM women. Genotyping for PON1 Q192R (rs662) variants was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the present study indicates that Q192R polymorphism was significantly associated with GDM in a Saudi population with the minor allele frequency (MAF) (p=0.0007). Q192R genotypes and alleles showed a strong association with GDM (p=0.009 and p=0.0007, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, these findings suggest that the PON1 Q192R polymorphism has high MAF in GDM in the studied Saudi population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60826, Riyadh 11555, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Malak Mohammed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Hakeem
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60826, Riyadh 11555, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abotalib
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid Khalaf
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: imkhan@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Imran Ali
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005973:Glutamine / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: GDM; PON1; Q192R; Saudi women