title: High-efficiency translational bypassing of non-coding nucleotides specified by mRNA structure and nascent peptide.
abstract: The gene product 60 (gp60) of bacteriophage T4 is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain from a discontinuous reading frame as a result of bypassing of a non-coding mRNA region of 50 nucleotides by the ribosome. To identify the minimum set of signals required for bypassing, we recapitulated efficient translational bypassing in an in vitro reconstituted translation system from Escherichia coli. We find that the signals, which promote efficient and accurate bypassing, are specified by the gene 60 mRNA sequence. Systematic analysis of the mRNA suggests unexpected contributions of sequences upstream and downstream of the non-coding gap region as well as of the nascent peptide. During bypassing, ribosomes glide forward on the mRNA track in a processive way. Gliding may have a role not only for gp60 synthesis, but also during regular mRNA translation for reading frame selection during initiation or tRNA translocation during elongation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samatova
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany [2] Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Department, B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, 188300 Gatchina, Russia, and St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Konevega
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5330, USA.
authors.forename: Norma M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5330, USA [2] School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marina V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rodnina
mesh_terms: D017122:Bacteriophage T4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000737:chemistry; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014764:Viral Proteins