title: Food Fortification and Supplement Use-Are There Health Implications?
abstract: Dietary supplements are a multi-billion dollar industry in the U.S., and their use is increasing exponentially. Additionally, many foods and beverages are increasingly being fortified with single or multiple vitamins and minerals. Consequently, nutrient intakes are exceeding the safe limits established by the Institute of Medicine. In this paper, we examine the benefits and drawbacks of vitamin and mineral supplements and increasing consumption of fortified foods (in addition to dietary intake) in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pros and cons are illustrated using population estimates of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D intake, highlighting concerns related to overconsumption of nutrients that should be addressed by regulatory agencies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition Science , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA.
authors.forename: Mridul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: b Wake Forest School of Medicine , Department of Epidemiology and Prevention , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Mara Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Vitolins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014807:Vitamin D; D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Food fortification; calcium; dietary supplements; folic acid