title: Decellularized human Schneiderian membrane: electron microscopic study as a bioscaffold and preliminary cell seeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perforation of maxillary sinus mucous membrane is one of the most prevalent complications during open sinus lift surgery. Moreover, such complication can usually be managed by an absorbable membrane. As far as absorbable membranes are concerned, decellularized maxillary sinus mucous membrane, which is an extracellular matrix, can be used as a biologic scaffold and an insulating membrane in sinus lifting surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The decellularization process of the maxillary sinus membrane was performed by means of physical and chemical procedures (liquid nitrogen and sodium dodecyl sulfate). Then this membrane was used as a bioscaffold for culturing with adult mesenchymal stem cells, which were derived from adipose tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic evaluation of the decellularized scaffold revealed that cells of the Schneiderian membrane were compatibly removed via SDS 1%. Moreover, the scan with electron microscope (S6N - Leo vp1450, Germany) of the scaffold indicated that the collagen fibers of the decellularized maxillary sinus membrane were intact. Furthermore, the culture studies carried out showed that this scaffold supported cell seeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decellularized human maxillary Schneiderian membrane has a 3D structure similar to that of the extracellular matrix of human normal tissues. As a matter of fact, it can be used as a bioscaffold to support cell seeding.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahpeyma
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: khajehahmadis@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Saeedeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khajehahmadi
authors.affiliation: Student of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hussein H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Khalife
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
keywords: Biologic scaffolds; Mesenchymal stem cells; Schneiderian membrane