title: Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia Has a Positive Effect on the Prognosis of Delirium in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative delirium is relatively common. However, the relationship between intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and delirium has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IV-PCA on the prognosis of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 129 patients with postoperative delirium were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they used IV-PCA with fentanyl and ketorolac. The IV-PCA group consisted of 73 patients who were managed with IV-PCA; the NO-PCA group consisted of 56 patients who were managed without PCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidences of multiple psychiatric consultations and prolonged delirium were significantly lower in patients using IV-PCA with fentanyl and ketorolac than in those without PCA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the use of IV-PCA for pain control and management of delirium in patients with postoperative delirium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong Mun
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hwang
keywords: delirium; patient-controlled analgesia; postoperative; psychiatric