title: Reference values of myocardial structure, function, and tissue composition by cardiac magnetic resonance in healthy African-Americans at 3T and their relations to serologic and cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a standard of reference for cardiac structure and function. Recent advances in T1 mapping and spectroscopy also provide assessment of myocardial tissue composition. However, the reference ranges of left ventricular parameters have rarely been assessed in an African-American (AA) population without known cardiac disease. To estimate the reference values of myocardial structure, function, and tissue composition by CMR and to explore their relationships to serologic factors and cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic AAs with low Framingham risk, between November 2010 and June 2012, 92 healthy AAs aged ≥21 years, from Baltimore, MD, were enrolled in an observational study. CMR examination was performed on a 3T scanner. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed to noninvasively quantify myocardial triglyceride content. Native T1 values were obtained from modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence. The median age was 37 (interquartile range IQR 27 to 44) years (41% men). The median native T1 time of the myocardium was 1,228 ms (IQR 1,200 to 1,263) with no gender difference. The median myocardial fat content was 0.6% (IQR 0.7% to 4.6%). Native T1 time was not influenced by age, sex, and body mass index. Among the factors investigated, myocardial fat and elevated C-reactive protein (>2.0 mg/dL) were independently associated with T1 relaxation time. Native T1 time was also independently associated with left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area. In conclusion, this study of asymptomatic AAs provides reference ranges for cardiovascular structure, function, and tissue composition. Alterations in myocardial fat are associated with native T1 time, a CMR measure of interstitial fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerstenblith
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Stefan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: slai@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Shenghan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA