title: Antineoplastic activity of monocrotaline against hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Plants are fantastic sources for present day life saving drugs. Monocrotaline a natural ligand exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity with potent antineoplastic activity. This study was intended to disclose the therapeutic potential of monocrotaline against hepatocellular carcinoma. The in silico predictions have highlighted the antineoplastic potential, druglikeness and biodegradability of monocrotaline. The in silico docking study has provided an insight and evidence for the antineoplastic activity of monocrotaline against p53, HGF and TREM1 proteins which play a threatening role in causing hepatocellular carcinoma. The mode of action of monocrotaline was determined experimentally by in vitro techniques such as XTT assay, NRU assay and whole cell brine shrimp assay have further supported our in silico studies. The in vitro cytotoxicity of monocrotaline was proved at IC50 24.966 µg/mL and genotoxicity at 2 X IC50 against HepG2 cells. Further, the credible druglike properties with non-mutagenicity, non-toxic on mammalian fibroblast and the potential antineoplastic activity through in vitro experimental validations established monocrotaline as a novel scaffold for liver cancer with superior efficacy and lesser side effects.
authors.forename: Sandeep Solmon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kusuma
authors.forename: Karunakar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanneeru
authors.forename: Swroopa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Didla
authors.forename: Bellary Nagaraju
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Devendra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, India. kiranmayi.patnala@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patnala
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiranmayi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D016686:Monocrotaline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C066855:HGF protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D016686:Monocrotaline