title: Significant association of deficiencies of hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid and high homocysteine level with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A portion of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) may have nutritional deficiency. This study evaluated whether there was an intimate association of the deficiencies of hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid and high blood homocysteine level with RAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine concentrations in 273 RAS patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 273 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 57 (20.9%), 55 (20.1%), 13 (4.8%), and 7 (2.6%) RAS patients had deficiencies of hemoglobin (Men < 13 g/dl, Women < 12 g/dl), iron (<60 μg/dl), vitamin B12 (<200 pg/ml), and folic acid (<4 ng/ml), respectively. Moreover, 21 (7.7%) RAS patients had abnormally high blood homocysteine level. RAS patients had a significantly higher frequency of hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiency and of abnormally elevated blood homocysteine level than healthy control subjects (all P-values = 0.000 except for folic acid P = 0.022). If 273 RAS patients were further divided into 32 patients with major-typed RAS (MjRAS) and 241 patients with minor-typed RAS (MiRAS), we found that male MjRAS patients had a significantly lower mean hemoglobin concentration than MiRAS patients (P = 0.021), but MjRAS patients had a significantly higher mean homocysteine level than MiRAS patients (P = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that there is a significant association of deficiencies of hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid and abnormally high blood homocysteine level with RAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hsin-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shih-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Julia Yu-Fong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yang-Che
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chun-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000172:deficiency*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D006710:Homocysteine
keywords: folic acid; hemoglobin; homocysteine; iron; recurrent aphthous ulcerations; vitamin B12