title: Structure and evolution analysis of pollen receptor-like kinase in Zea mays and Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Receptor-like kinase (RLKs) is an important member in protein kinase family which is widely involved in plant growth, development and defense responses. It is significant to analyze the kinase structure and evolution of pollen RLKs in order to study their mechanisms. In our study, 64 and 73 putative pollen RLKs were chosen from maize and Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the pollen RLKs were conservative and might had existed before divergence between monocot and dicot which were mainly concentrated in RLCK-VII and LRR-III two subfamilies. Chromosomal localization and gene duplication analysis showed the expansion of pollen RLKs were mainly caused by segmental duplication. By calculating Ka/Ks value of extracellular domain, intracellular domain and kinase domain in pollen RLKs, we found that the pollen RLKs duplicated genes had mainly experienced the purifying selection, while maize might have experienced weaker purifying selection. Meanwhile, extracellular domain might have experienced stronger diversifying selection than intracellular domain in both species. Estimation of duplication time showed that the duplication events of Arabidopsis have occurred approximately between 18 and 69 million years ago, compared to 0.67-170 million years ago of maize.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
authors.forename: Dongxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China. Electronic address: fan_mingxia@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioscience College, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China. Electronic address: fenglinsn@126.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D005075:Biological Evolution; D058674:Chromosome Duplication; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011058:Pollen / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D003313:Zea mays / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases
keywords: Gene duplication; Phylogenetic evolution; Pollen; RLKs