title: Oral midazolam for voiding dysfunction in children undergoing voiding cystourethrography: a controlled randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) is the gold standard of detecting and grading the vesicoureteral reflux. Moreover, VCUG is a part of the standard review for infants and children with a urinary tract infection and urinary dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to compare using oral midazolam in contrast to prescribing no sedative medication for voiding dysfunction in children undergoing VCUG.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a clinical trial, we studied 84 children referred for VCUG. Children were allocated randomly into two equal groups. The intervention group received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam orally half an hour before the VCUG procedure. Then both groups were compared using statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Then both groups were compared using statistical methods. In more than half of the patients, the main cause of performing VCUG was urinary tract infection. Dysuria was evaluated immediately after VCUG and was more frequent in girls than in boys (P = 0.006). After one week, the urinary irritation and restlessness in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of midazolam 0.5 mg/kg reduced children's stress and increased their cooperation during the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Anoush
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azarfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esmaeeili
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farrokh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alamdaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Vaseei Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Aghilallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keykhosravi
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboobe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neamatshahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hebrani
authors.affiliation: Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Yalda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ravanshad
keywords: Child; Midazolam; Voiding Cystourethrography