title: Mesenchymal stem cells and hypoxia: where are we?
abstract: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are involved in the organization and maintenance of tissue integrity. MSCs have also attracted attention as a promising tool for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. However, their usage is limited due to cell impairment induced by an extremely harsh microenvironment during transplantation ex vivo. The microenvironment of MSCs in tissue depots is characterized by rather low oxygen consumption, demonstrating that MSCs might be quite resistant to oxygen limitation. However, accumulated data revealed that the response of MSCs to hypoxic conditions is rather controversial, demonstrating both damaging and ameliorating effects. Here, we make an attempt to summarize recent knowledge on the survival of MSCs under low oxygen conditions of varying duration and severity and to elucidate the mechanisms of MSC resistance/sensitivity to hypoxic impact.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Buravkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gogvadze
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Boris.Zhivotovsky@ki.se.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhivotovsky
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Cell death; Hypoxia; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mitochondria