title: The associations between two vital GSTs genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in the Chinese population: evidence from 71 studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) have been suspected to be related to the development of lung cancer while the current results are conflicting, especially in the Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) from 68 studies, glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) from 17 studies and GSTM1-GSTT1 from 8 studies in the Chinese population were reanalyzed on their association with lung cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled using forest plots. 9 subgroups were all or partly performed in the subgroup analyses. The Galbraith plot was used to identify the heterogeneous records. Potential publication biases were detected by Begg's and Egger's tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  71 eligible studies were identified after screening of 1608 articles. The increased association between two vital GSTs genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer risk was detected by random-effects model based on a comparable heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed a significant relationship between squamous carcinoma (SC), adenocarcinoma (AC) or small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and GSTM1 null genotype, as well as SC or AC and GSTT1 null genotype. Additionally, smokers with GSTM1 null genotype had a higher lung cancer risk than non-smokers. Our cumulative meta-analysis demonstrated a stable and reliable result of the relationship between GSTM1 null genotype and lung cancer risk. After the possible heterogeneous articles were omitted, the adjusted risk of GSTs and lung cancer susceptibility increased (fixed-effects model: ORGSTM1 = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.27, P<0.001; ORGSTT1 = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.26, P<0.001; ORGSTM1-GSTT1 = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.61, P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increased risk of lung cancer with GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype, especially with dual null genotype, was found in the Chinese population. In addition, special histopathological classification of lung cancers and a wide range of gene-environment and gene-gene interaction analysis should be taken into consideration in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Science Research and Information Management,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xialu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Science Research and Information Management,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guochuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guixiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Research and Information Management,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinshun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baobo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1