title: Extraction, preliminary characterization and immunostimulatory activity in vitro of a polysaccharide isolated from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs.
abstract: A new water-soluble polysaccharide (SEP-2), with a molecular weight of 6.78 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs under the extraction conditions optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Preliminary characterization of SEP-2 was performed by HPSEC and GC-MS, indicating that SEP-2 could be a D-glucan containing a (1 → 4)-linked D-Glcp backbone with (1 → 3)-linked D-Glcp side chains. In subsequent immunostimulatory studies, significantly enhanced ROS level, NO production and inflammatory cytokines secretion (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were observed in SEP-2 treated murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. These results suggest that SEP-2 might have the capability to enhance the microbicidal activity and killing function of macrophages through the polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. Electronic address: mada1986@126.com.
authors.forename: Yihua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. Electronic address: xingying1980@126.com.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. Electronic address: wenwen_3150@126.com.
authors.forename: Huiwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. Electronic address: guoquan5001@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. Electronic address: luyy626@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. Electronic address: xitao18@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology; D047269:Strongylocentrotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse
keywords: Characterization; Immunostimulatory activity; Response surface methodology; SEP-2; Sea urchin