title: Comparison of dust release from epoxy and paint nanocomposites and conventional products during sanding and sawing.
abstract: The release of dust generated during sanding or sawing of nanocomposites was compared with conventional products without nanomaterials. Epoxy-based polymers with and without carbon nanotubes, and paints with different amounts of nano-sized titanium dioxide, were machined in a closed aerosol chamber. The temporal evolution of the aerosol concentration and size distribution were measured simultaneously. The morphology of collected dust by scanning electron microscopy was different depending on the type of nanocomposites: particles from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites had protrusions on their surfaces and aggregates and agglomerates are attached to the paint matrix in particles emitted from alkyd paints. We observed no significant differences in the particle size distributions when comparing sanding dust from nanofiller containing products with dust from conventional products. Neither did we observe release of free nanomaterials. Instead, the nanomaterials were enclosed or partly enclosed in the matrix. A source strength term Si (cm(-3) s(-1)) that describes particle emission rates from continuous sources was introduced. Comparison between the Si parameters derived from sanding different materials allows identification of potential effects of addition of engineered nanoparticles to a composite.
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon, Mariano Esquillor, I+D building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain virgomez@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: 2.National Research Centre for Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark 3.Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: 2.National Research Centre for Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon, Mariano Esquillor, I+D building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain 4.Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irusta
authors.affiliation: 5.Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dal Maso
authors.affiliation: 6.Nanologica AB, Drottning Kristinas väg 45, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanoi
authors.affiliation: 1.Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon, Mariano Esquillor, I+D building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain 4.Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.affiliation: 2.National Research Centre for Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Keld A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: 2.National Research Centre for Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark 7.Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.affiliation: 2.National Research Centre for Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ismo K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Koponen
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D053758:Nanoparticles; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010150:Paint; D010316:Particle Size; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: aerosol size distributions; nanomaterial; nanotechnology; occupational health.