title: Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma: Three case reports and a literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) is one type of intracerebral hematoma that sometimes grows progressively while forming a capsule and presenting with neurological deficits. Although many cases of CEIH have been reported, correct preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. Only around 20% of cases are diagnosed preoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We encountered three cases of CEIH in which causes were unidentified and difficult to diagnose. All three cases were treated surgically. In the first case, a 59-year-old male was diagnosed preoperatively with metastatic brain tumor. In the second case, a 62-year-old female was diagnosed preoperatively with glioblastoma. The third case involved a 58-year-old female diagnosed preoperatively with CEIH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We should keep in mind that CEIH is a differential diagnosis for intracerebral space-occupying lesions. This report describes these three cases and discusses imaging findings and characteristics of CEIH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uno
keywords: Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma; diagnosis; neuroimaging