title: Speckle tracking echocardiography in fetuses diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate cardiac function in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using speckle tracking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study assessed cardiac contractility in consecutive fetuses with CDH. Controls were anatomically normal fetuses, adjusted for gestational age. Speckle tracking software calculated ventricular peak longitudinal velocity, displacement and strain. Pulmonary hypoplasia was assessed using observed/expected lung-to-head ratio (O/E LHR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight fetuses with CDH (29 left and nine right) were evaluated at a mean gestational age of 26.9 ± 2.5 weeks. In six fetuses, the acquired images were of insufficient quality (feasibility 83%). Velocity and displacement showed regional differences, as well as significant differences between the ventricular walls, similar to control fetuses. Strain measurements also demonstrated regional differences yet less uniformly arranged. In left CDH, we observed increased strain values in the left ventricle compared with controls (-18.7 ± 7.2 vs -15.1 ± 4.9). There was no correlation between strain values in the left ventricle and O/E LHR. In fetuses with right CDH, deformation analysis was not different from controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In fetuses with CDH, no cardiac dysfunction could be detected despite the often concurrent hypoplasia of ipsilateral cardiac structures. In fetuses with left CDH, the decrease in ventricular size coincides with increased strain values in the free left ventricular wall.
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Cluster Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DeKoninck
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'hooge
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Mieghem
authors.forename: Jute
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deprest
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*