title: Crack/cocaine users show more family problems than other substance users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate family problems among crack/cocaine users compared with alcohol and other substance users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional multi-center study selected 741 current adult substance users from outpatient and inpatient Brazilian specialized clinics. Subjects were evaluated with the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index, and 293 crack users were compared with 126 cocaine snorters and 322 alcohol and other drug users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cocaine users showed more family problems when compared with other drug users, with no significant difference between routes of administration. These problems included arguing (crack 66.5%, powder cocaine 63.3%, other drugs 50.3%, p=0.004), having trouble getting along with partners (61.5%× 64.6%× 48.7%, p=0.013), and the need for additional childcare services in order to attend treatment (13.3%×10.3%×5.1%, p=0.002). Additionally, the majority of crack/cocaine users had spent time with relatives in the last month (84.6%×86.5%×76.6%, p=0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brazilian treatment programs should enhance family treatment strategies, and childcare services need to be included.
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena Ferreira
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benzano
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pechansky
authors.affiliation: Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felix Henrique Paim
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D001938:Brazil; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine