title: A decision support system for drinking water production integrating health risks assessment.
abstract: The issue of drinking water quality compliance in small and medium scale water services is of paramount importance in relation to the 98/83/CE European Drinking Water Directive (DWD). Additionally, concerns are being expressed over the implementation of the DWD with respect to possible impacts on water quality from forecast changes in European climate with global warming and further anticipated reductions in north European acid emissions. Consequently, we have developed a decision support system (DSS) named ARTEM-WQ (AwaReness Tool for the Evaluation and Mitigation of drinking Water Quality issues resulting from environmental changes) to support decision making by small and medium plant operators and other water stakeholders. ARTEM-WQ is based on a sequential risk analysis approach that includes consideration of catchment characteristics, climatic conditions and treatment operations. It provides a holistic evaluation of the water system, while also assessing human health risks of organic contaminants potentially present in treated waters (steroids, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, bisphenol-a, polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petrochemical hydrocarbons and disinfection by-products; n = 109). Moreover, the system provides recommendations for improvement while supporting decision making in its widest context. The tool has been tested on various European catchments and shows a promising potential to inform water managers of risks and appropriate mitigative actions. Further improvements should include toxicological knowledge advancement, environmental background pollutant concentrations and the assessment of the impact of distribution systems on water quality variation.
authors.affiliation: Advanced School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes Cedex CS 74312, France. ianis.delpla@crad.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Ianis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delpla
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK. donm@ceh.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Donald T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Monteith
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Carbon Capture Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK. c.freeman@bangor.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TD, The Netherlands. j.haftka@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haftka
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TD, The Netherlands. j.haftka@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Joop
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hermens
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Carbon Capture Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK. t.jones@bangor.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Advanced School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes Cedex CS 74312, France. estelle.baures@ehesp.fr.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baurès
authors.affiliation: Advanced School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes Cedex CS 74312, France. audevaleriejung@ecole-eme.fr.
authors.forename: Aude-Valérie
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Advanced School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Rennes Cedex CS 74312, France. olivier.thomas@ehesp.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004203:Disinfection; D060766:Drinking Water; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D018508:Water Purification; D060753:Water Quality; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014873:Water Pollutants