title: Persistent frequent subclinical seizures and memory impairment after clinical remission in smoldering limbic encephalitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To delineate a possible correlation between clinical course and EEG abnormalities in non-infectious "smoldering" limbic encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term clinical data, including video-EEG monitoring records, were analysed in two patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two patients were positive for anti-voltage-gated potassium channel complex antibody and unspecified antineuronal antibody, respectively. The latter patient had small cell lung carcinoma. Both patients had memory impairment and clinical seizures. EEG showed frequent subclinical seizure patterns in the bilateral temporal regions. Subclinical seizure patterns and memory impairment persisted over one to two years after clinical seizure remission. Therapy (prednisolone and chemoradiation in the two patients, respectively) resulted in decreased occurrence of subclinical seizure patterns and memory improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEG seizure patterns may persist years after clinical seizure remission in "smoldering" limbic encephalitis and lead to memory impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors.forename: Riki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimotake
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Utano National Hospital, Utano.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020363:Limbic Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
keywords: EEG seizure pattern; antineuronal antibody; epilepsy; memory impairment; smoldering limbic encephalitis; voltage-gated potassium-channel complex antibody