title: Oxidative degradation of endotoxin by advanced oxidation process (O3/H2O2 & UV/H2O2).
abstract: The presence of endotoxin in water environments may pose a serious public health hazard. We investigated the effectiveness of advanced oxidative processes (AOP: O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2) in the oxidative degradation of endotoxin. In addition, we measured the release of endotoxin from Escherichia coli following typical disinfection methods, such as chlorine, ozone alone and UV, and compared it with the use of AOPs. Finally, we tested the AOP-treated samples in their ability to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The production of hydroxyl radical in AOPs showed superior ability to degrade endotoxin in buffered solution, as well as water samples from Korean water treatment facilities, with the ozone/H2O2 being more efficient compared to UV/H2O2. In addition, the AOPs proved effective not only in eliminating E. coli in the samples, but also in endotoxin degradation, while the standard disinfection methods lead to the release of endotoxin following the bacteria destruction. Furthermore, in the experiments with macrophages, the AOPs-deactivated endotoxin lead to the smallest induction of TNF-α, which shows the loss of inflammation activity, compared to ozone treatment alone. In conclusion, these results suggest that AOPs offer an effective and mild method for endotoxin degradation in the water systems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dega
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sudhakar
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Myeong
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Business Development Team, SK E&C, 192-18 Gwanhoon-Dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 100-130, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Jong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, South Korea. Electronic address: cho317@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000032:analysis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010126:Ozone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Advanced oxidation process; Endotoxin; Hydroxyl radical; Inflammation activity; O(3)/H(2)O(2); TNF-α; UV/H(2)O(2)