title: Microcomputed tomographic and histomorphometric analyses of novel titanium mesh membranes for guided bone regeneration: a study in rat calvarial defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal thickness and porosity of novel titanium mesh membranes to enhance bone augmentation, prevent soft tissue ingrowth, and prevent membrane exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six types of novel titanium meshes with different thicknesses and pore sizes, along with three commercially available membranes, were used to cover surgically created calvarial defects in 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were killed after 4 or 8 weeks. Microcomputed tomographic analyses were performed to analyze the three-dimensional bone volume and bone mineral density. Soft tissue ingrowth was also evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The novel titanium membranes used in this study were as effective at augmenting bone in the rat calvarial defect model as the commercially available membranes. The greatest bone volume was observed on 100-μm-thick membranes with larger pores, although these membranes promoted growth of bone with lower mineral density. Soft tissue ingrowth when 100-μm membranes were used was increased at 4 weeks but decreased again by 8 weeks to a level not statistically significantly different from other membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Membrane thickness affects the total amount of new bone formation, and membrane porosity is an essential factor for guided bone regeneration, especially during the initial healing period, although the final bone volume obtained is essentially the same. Newly developed titanium mesh membranes of 100 μm in thickness and with large pores appear to be optimal for guided bone regeneration.
authors.forename: Yunia Dwi
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Rakhmatia
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ayukawa
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furuhashi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries*; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014025:Titanium; D014945:Wound Healing; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014025:Titanium