title: Physicians' human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations in the context of permissive guidelines for male patients: a national study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about physicians' human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendations for males while the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) permissive guidelines for male vaccination were in effect. The purpose of this study was to examine and explore factors associated with U.S. physicians' HPV vaccine recommendations to early (ages 11-12), middle (13-17), and late adolescent/young adult (18-26) males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative samples of family physicians and pediatricians were selected in 2011 (n = 1,219). Physicians reported the frequency with which they recommended HPV vaccine to male patients ["always" (>75% of the time) vs. other] for each age group. Statistically significant predictors of vaccine recommendation were identified using multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of physicians reporting they "always" recommended HPV vaccination for males was 10.8% for ages 11 to 12, 12.9% for ages 13 to 17, and 13.2% for ages 18 to 26. Pediatrician specialty and self-reported early adoption of new vaccines were significantly associated with recommendation for all patient age groups. In addition, physician race and patient payment method were associated with physician recommendations to patients ages 11 to 12, and patient race was associated with recommendations to ages 13 to 17 and 18 to 26.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than 15% of physicians surveyed reported "always" recommending HPV vaccine to male patients following national guidelines for permissive vaccination. Vaccine financing may have affected physicians' vaccine recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If these recommendation practices continue following the ACIP's routine recommendation for males in October 2011, then interventions designed to increase recommendations should target family physicians and possibly use early adopters to encourage support of HPV vaccination guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Teri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Malo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. Department of Oncologic Science, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zimet
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic Science, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. Biostatistics Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. Department of Oncologic Science, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. susan.vadaparampil@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Vadaparampil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines