title: Gregorius Agricola memorial lecture: Lung cancer-A work-related disease for 500 years, as predicted by Agricola.
abstract: In the early 16th century Gregorius Agricola reported on Bergsucht (miner's consumption) in mine workers in the Erzgebirge. About 350 years later, Härting and Hesse reported on large numbers of lung cancers among the mine-workers in the same mine district, thus confirming that Bergsucht primarily was lung cancer, but could also have been pnumoconiosis or tuberculosis or a combination of both. Mining for bismuth continued another 75 years--through World War II. Bismuth mining was replaced by large scale uranium mining from the late 1940 through 1989, employing some 400-450,000 workers, resulting in the major local epidemic of work-related cancer larger than anywhere in the world, so far amounting to ± 14-15,000 cases. Had the mine developers listened to the warnings by Agricola and Härting and Hesse, the epidemic could have been prevented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: sverre.langard@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Sverre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langård
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity; D005858:Germany; D049668:History, 15th Century; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000067572:Miners; D008906:Mining / Q000266:history*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014501:Uranium / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014501:Uranium; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Agricola; History; Lung cancer; Radon; Saxony