title: Protection of free radical-induced cytotoxicity by 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid in human dermal fibroblasts.
abstract: The stable ascorbic acid (AA) derivative, 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), exhibits vitamin C activity after enzymatic hydrolysis to AA. The biological activity of AA-2G per se has not been studied in detail, although AA-2G has been noted as a stable source for AA supply. The protective effect of AA-2G against the oxidative cell death of human dermal fibroblasts induced by incubating with 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) for 24 h was investigated in this study. AA-2G showed a significant protective effect against the oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. AA-2G did not exert a protective effect during the initial 12 h of incubation, but had a significant protective effect in the later part of the incubation period. Experiments using a α-glucosidase inhibitor and comparative experiments using a stereoisomer of AA-2G confirmed that AA-2G had a protective effect against AAPH-induced cytotoxicity without being converted to AA. Our results provide an insight into the efficacy of AA-2G as a biologically interesting antioxidant and suggest the practical use of AA-2G even before being converted into AA as a beneficial antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan.
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iomori
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gohda
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D003603:Cytotoxins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; C065378:ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid; AAPH; oxidative stress; stable vitamin C derivative; water-soluble antioxidant