title: Midlife vascular risk factors and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examine whether midlife vascular risk factors (VRFs) are associated with increased risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a systematic review and meta-analysis of published cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original cohort studies were included if they reported adjusted combined odds ratio (COR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or enough information to quantify the association between risk for AD in late-life and baseline VRFs of midlife.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were positive and significant associations between high blood pressure (COR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01-1.70), hypercholesterolemia (COR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.32-2.24), obesity (COR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.32-2.69), and diabetes mellitus in midlife (COR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.25-1.57). Smoking and hyperhomocysteinemia (although only one high-quality paper) were also associated with an increased risk of AD generally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strengthen the epidemiological evidence that VRFs of midlife significantly increase risk for AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Tai
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Fu
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; diabetes mellitus; high blood pressure; hypercholesterolemia; hyperhomocysteinemia; meta-analysis; midlife vascular risk factors; obesity; smoking; systematic review