title: Relationship between metabolic syndrome and meal-induced glucagon like peptide-1 response in type 1 diabetic patients1-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) is found in approximately% 30-40% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Meal-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in T1DM patients with MS is yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between total fasting GLP-1 concentrations and the meal-induced GLP-1 response with MS prevalence in T1DM patients compared with lean, normal glucose tolerance (NGT), control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 77 T1DM patients (61% male), 26 (34%) with MS, who had a mean age of 45.08 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.42 kg/m(2) , and median diabetes duration of 21 years. Ten age-, gender, and BMI-matched NGT control subjects were also included in the study. Circulating GLP-1 concentrations ere measured before and 30 min after a meal by ELISA. The difference between the 30-min postprandial and fasting GLP-1 concentration (ΔGLP-1) was calculated by subtracting fasting GLP-1 concentrations from postprandial GLP-1 concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NGT group had significantly higher total fasting, postprandial, and meal-induced GLP-1 concentrations than the T1DM groups. The T1DM patients without MS had a higher increase in circulating GLP-1 concentrations compared with the T1DM group with MS. After adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, and meal caloric value, GLP-1 response levels were inversely correlated with MS prevalence in binary logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher meal-induced GLP-1 response is associated with lower MS prevalence, but whether GLP-1 has a protective role in MS development is yet to be determined. This may provide further insight into the implementation of GLP-1-based therapies in the T1DM population.
authors.affiliation: Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blaslov
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bulum
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zibar
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duvnjak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004032:Diet; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: glucagon-like peptide-1; metabolic syndrome; type 1 diabetes; 关键词：胰高血糖素样肽-1，代谢综合征，1型糖尿病。