title: Mechanical restraint in psychiatry: preventive factors in theory and practice. A Danish-Norwegian association study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how potential mechanical restraint preventive factors in hospitals are associated with the frequency of mechanical restraint episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study employed a retrospective association design, and linear regression was used to assess the associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three mechanical restraint preventive factors were significantly associated with low rates of mechanical restraint use: mandatory review (exp[B] = .36, p < .01), patient involvement (exp[B] = .42, p < .01), and no crowding (exp[B] = .54, p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the three mechanical restraint preventive factors presented any adverse effects; therefore, units should seriously consider implementing these measures.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zoffmann
authors.forename: Dorte Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sestoft
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almvik
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandt-Christensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009664:Norway; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Coercion; mental health; nursing; physical restraint; psychiatry