title: Evaluation of tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid concentrations required to inhibit fibrinolysis in plasma of dogs and humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine minimum plasma concentrations of the antifibrinolytic agents tranexamic acid (TEA) and ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) needed to completely inhibit fibrinolysis in canine and human plasma after induction of hyperfibrinolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pooled citrated plasma from 7 dogs and commercial pooled citrated human plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of EACA from 0 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL and of TEA from 0 μg/mL to 160 μg/mL were added to pooled citrated canine and human plasma. Hyperfibrinolysis was induced with 1,000 units of tissue plasminogen activator/mL, and kaolin-activated thromboelastography was performed in duplicate. The minimum concentrations required to completely inhibit fibrinolysis 30 minutes after maximum amplitude of the thromboelastography tracing occurred were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimum plasma concentrations necessary for complete inhibition of fibrinolysis by EACA and TEA in pooled canine plasma were estimated as 511.7 μg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 433.2 to 590.3 μg/mL) and 144.7 μg/mL (95% CI, 125.2 to 164.2 μg/mL), respectively. Concentrations of EACA and TEA necessary for complete inhibition of fibrinolysis in pooled human plasma were estimated as 122.0 μg/mL (95% CI, 106.2 to 137.8 μg/mL) and 14.7 μg/mL (95% CI, 13.7 to 15.6 μg/mL), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results supported the concept that dogs are hyperfibrinolytic, compared with humans. Higher doses of EACA and TEA may be required to fully inhibit fibrinolysis in dogs.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Fletcher
authors: Kelly J
authors: KJ
authors: Blackstock
authors: Kira
authors: K
authors: Epstein
authors: Benjamin M
authors: BM
authors: Brainard
mesh_terms: D015119:Aminocaproic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007616:Kaolin; D008297:Male; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013916:Thrombelastography; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D007616:Kaolin; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D015119:Aminocaproic Acid