title: Precision measurement of the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n): probing color forces.
abstract: Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken x  (0.25≤x≤0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized (3)He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function g(2)((3)He) was determined with precision at large x, and the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n) was measured at ⟨Q(2)⟩ of 3.21 and 4.32  GeV(2)/c(2), with an absolute precision of about 10(-5). Our results are found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and resolve the disagreement found with previous data at ⟨Q(2)⟩=5  GeV(2)/c(2). Combining d(2)(n) and a newly extracted twist-4 matrix element f(2)(n), the average neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted and found to be of opposite sign and about 30  MeV/fm in magnitude.
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Posik
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Flay
authors: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA and Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Parno
authors: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Allada
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Armstrong
authors: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Averett
authors: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA and Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Benmokhtar
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Bertozzi
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Camsonne
authors: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Canan
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Cates
authors: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: J-P
authors: JP
authors: Chen
authors: Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Choi
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Chudakov
authors: INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00161 Rome, Italy and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Cusanno
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Dalton
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Deconinck
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: de Jager
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Deng
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Deur
authors: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Dutta
authors: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: El Fassi
authors: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors: G B
authors: GB
authors: Franklin
authors: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Friend
authors: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gao
authors: INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Garibaldi
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gilad
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gilman
authors: Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Glamazdin
authors: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Golge
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Gomez
authors: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Hansen
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Higinbotham
authors: Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Holmstrom
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA and Université Blaise Pascal/IN2P3, F-63177 Aubière, France.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Hyde
authors: Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
authors: H F
authors: HF
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Jiang
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Jin
authors: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Katich
authors: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kelleher
authors: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kolarkar
authors: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Korsch
authors: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kumbartzki
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: LeRose
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Lindgren
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Liyanage
authors: Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Long
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lukhanin
authors: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mamyan
authors: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: McNulty
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
authors: Z-E
authors: ZE
authors: Meziani
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Michaels
authors: Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mihovilovič
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Moffit
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Muangma
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nanda
authors: Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Narayan
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Nelyubin
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Norum
authors: Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762, USA.
authors: Nuruzzaman
authors: Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Oh
authors: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Peng
authors: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA and Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Qian
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Qiang
authors: Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rakhman
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA and University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Riordan
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Saha
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Sawatzky
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Shabestari
authors: Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Shahinyan
authors: Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Širca
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Argonne National Lab, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Solvignon
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Subedi
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Sulkosky
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: Tobias
authors: Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Troth
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Wojtsekhowski
authors: University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA and College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Yao
authors: University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Ye
authors: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Yuan
authors: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Zhan
authors: Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA and Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y-W
authors: YW
authors: Zhang
authors: College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Zhao
authors: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Zheng