title: Uremic serum inhibits in vitro expression of chemokine SDF-1: impact of uremic toxicity on endothelial injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine which mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and together with interleukin-8 (IL-8) may be used as markers of tissue injury and repair.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated in vivo and in vitro the effect of uremic media on SDF-1 and IL-8 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systemic inflammation was assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-8 and SDF-1 were measured as markers of endothelial dysfunction and tissue repair, respectively, by ELISA. In vitro studies were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to healthy or uremic media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 26 hemodialysis (HD) patients (17 ± 3 months on dialysis, 52 ± 2 years, 38% men and 11% diabetic). Serum concentrations of CRP, IL-6, SDF-1 and IL-8 were 4.9 ± 4.8 mg/ml, 6.7 ± 8.1 pg/ml, 2625.9 ± 1288.6 pg/ml and 128.2 ± 206.2 pg/ml, respectively. There was a positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 (ρ = 0.57, p < 0.005) and between SDF-1 and IL-8 (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.05). In vitro results showed that after 6 hours treatment, SDF-1 expression by HUVEC treated with uremic media is lower compared to cells treated with healthy media (p < 0.05). After 12 hours of treatment there was an increase in IL-8 when HUVECs were exposed to uremic media (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that SDF-1 and IL-8 in HD patients can be used to measure the extent of damage and subsequent vascular activation in uremia.
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors: Bruna
authors: B
authors: Bosquetti
authors: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.
authors: Simone Mikosz
authors: SM
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.
authors: Sérgio Gardano Elias
authors: SG
authors: Bucharles
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors: Lisienny
authors: L
authors: Rempel
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors: Rayana Ariane Pereira
authors: RA
authors: Maciel
authors: Universidade de São Paulo.
authors: Rodrigo Bueno
authors: RB
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Pecoits-Filho
authors: Universidade Federal do Paraná.
authors: Andréa Emilia Marques
authors: AE
authors: Stinghen
mesh_terms: D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D016209:Interleukin-8