title: Is level of exposure to a 12-step facilitation therapy associated with treatment outcome?
abstract: This study examined whether level of exposure to Stimulant Abuser Groups to Engage in 12-Step (STAGE-12), a 12-Step facilitative therapy, is related to treatment outcome. Data were from a large National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study comparing STAGE-12 combined with treatment-as-usual (TAU) to TAU alone. These analyses include only those randomized to STAGE-12 (n=234). Assessments occurred at baseline and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days following randomization. High-exposure patients (n=158; attended at least 2 of 3 individual, and 3 of 5 group, sessions), compared to those with less exposure (n=76), demonstrated: (1) higher odds of self-reported abstinence from, and lower rates of, stimulant and non-stimulant drug use; (2) lower probabilities of stimulant-positive urines; (3) more days of attending and lower odds of not attending 12-Step meetings; (4) greater likelihood of reporting no drug problems; (5) more days of duties at meetings; and (6) more types of 12-Step activities. Many of these differences declined over time, but several were still significant by the last follow-up. Treatment and research implications are discussed.
authors: School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: bwells@uw.edu.
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Wells
authors: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Dennis M
authors: DM
authors: Donovan
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Dennis C
authors: DC
authors: Daley
authors: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Suzanne R
authors: SR
authors: Doyle
authors: Maryhaven Inc., Columbus, OH, USA.
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Brigham
authors: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Sharon B
authors: SB
authors: Garrett
authors: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Michelle H
authors: MH
authors: Ingalsbe
authors: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Mary A
authors: MA
authors: Hatch-Maillette
authors: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors: Harold I
authors: HI
authors: Perl
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors: Robrina
authors: R
authors: Walker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: 12-Step; 12-Step facilitation; Cocaine; Intensive referral; Methamphetamine; Treatment exposure