title: Agent consumption with the Zeus® in the automated closed circuit anesthesia mode with O2/air mixtures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier software versions of the Zeus® (Lübeck, Dräger, Germany) failed to provide true closed circuit anesthesia (CCA) conditions. We examined whether the latest software (SW 4.03 MK 04672-00) achieves this goal.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 8 ASA I-III patients, the CCA mode of the Zeus® was used to maintain the inspired O2 (FIO2) and end-expired sevoflurane % (FAsevo) at 50 and 1.8%, respectively. The fresh gas flow (FGF) of O2 and air and the sevoflurane injection rate (=Vinjsevo, mL liquid sevo/h) were videotaped from the control screen and entered offline into a spreadsheet. Cumulative sevoflurane usage during early wash-in (=0-1 min, CDsevo0-1), late wash-in (=1-5 min, CDsevo1-5), and maintenance (=5-60 min, CDsevo5-60) was calculated, and Vinjsevo between 1 and 60 min was compared with published uptake data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FAsevo reached 1.8% within 101 (23) sec. CDsevo0-1 was between 1.24 (0.03) and 3.01(0.25) mL (a range is provided because no absolute Vinjsevo values were displayed once Vinjsevo was > 100 mL/h, which occurred between 15 ± 2 and 46 ± 6 sec). CDsevo1-5 was 0.81 (0.37) mL, and CDsevo5-60 was 4.63 (0.94) mL. The Vinjsevo pattern between 1 and 60 min matched previously published uptake data. Brief high FGF periods were used to maintain the target FIO2, and to refill the reservoir bag after external pressure had been applied to the abdomen; subsequent "spikes" wasted 0.08-0.19 mL and 0.14-0.49 mL sevoflurane (1-3% and 3-9% of total agent usage between 1 and 60 min, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions specified, the Zeus® approaches CCA conditions so closely that further reductions in agent usage would have minimal economic significance.
authors: Sofie
authors: S
authors: De Cooman
authors: Department of Anesthesiology/CCM, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium. jcnwahendrickx@yahoo.com.
authors: Jan F A
authors: JF
authors: Hendrickx
authors: Philip John
authors: PJ
authors: Peyton
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Demeere
authors: Andre M
authors: AM
authors: De Wolf
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000764:Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit / Q000379:methods*; D001331:Automation; D006801:Humans; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D010100:Oxygen