title: HIF-1 reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the heart by targeting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been reported to promote tolerance against acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the mechanism through which HIF-1 stabilization actually confers this cardioprotection is not clear. We investigated whether HIF-1α stabilization protects the heart against acute IRI by preventing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the potential mechanisms involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stabilization of myocardial HIF-1 was achieved by pharmacological inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) domain-containing enzyme using GSK360A or using cardiac-specific ablation of von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL(fl/fl)) in mice. Treatment of HL-1 cardiac cells with GSK360A stabilized HIF-1, increased the expression of HIF-1 target genes pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1) and hexokinase II (HKII), and reprogrammed cell metabolism to aerobic glycolysis, thereby resulting in the production of less mitochondrial oxidative stress during IRI, and less MPTP opening, effects which were shown to be dependent on HKII. These findings were further confirmed when HIF-1 stabilization in the rat and murine heart resulted in smaller myocardial infarct sizes (both in vivo and ex vivo), decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inhibited MPTP opening following IRI, effects which were also found to be dependent on HKII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that acute HIF-1α stabilization using either a pharmacological or genetic approach protected the heart against acute IRI by promoting aerobic glycolysis, decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress, activating HKII, and inhibiting MPTP opening.
authors: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors: Sang-Ging
authors: SG
authors: Ong
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors: Won Hee
authors: WH
authors: Lee
authors: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
authors: Louise
authors: L
authors: Theodorou
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors: Kazuki
authors: K
authors: Kodo
authors: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
authors: Shiang Y
authors: SY
authors: Lim
authors: Centre for Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics, University College London & Medical School, London, UK.
authors: Deepa H
authors: DH
authors: Shukla
authors: Centre for Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics, University College London & Medical School, London, UK.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Briston
authors: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors: Serafim
authors: S
authors: Kiriakidis
authors: Centre for Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics, University College London & Medical School, London, UK.
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Ashcroft
authors: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
authors: Sean M
authors: SM
authors: Davidson
authors: Centre for Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics, University College London & Medical School, London, UK.
authors: Patrick H
authors: PH
authors: Maxwell
authors: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
authors: Derek M
authors: DM
authors: Yellon
authors: The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London & Medical School, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK d.hausenloy@ucl.ac.uk.
authors: Derek J
authors: DJ
authors: Hausenloy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006019:Glycolysis; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D064800:Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D055550:Protein Stability; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; C000631433:Pdk1 protein, mouse; C000631434:Pdk1 protein, rat; D064800:Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D006593:Hexokinase; C000598049:hexokinase 2, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C494469:VHL protein, mouse
keywords: Energy metabolism; Hypoxia-inducible factor; Ischaemia; Mitochondria; Reperfusion