title: Incidence and predicted risk factors of pressure ulcers in surgical patients: experience at a medical center in Taipei, Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the context of incidence of and associated risk factors for pressure ulcers amongst the population of surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial study cohort was conducted with a total of 297 patients admitted to a teaching hospital for a surgical operation from November 14th to 27th 2006 in Taipei, Taiwan. The Braden scale, pressure ulcers record sheet, and perioperative patient outcomes free from signs and symptoms of injury related to positioning and related nursing interventions and activities were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of immediate and thirty-minute-later pressure ulcers is 9.8% (29/297) and 5.1% (15/297), respectively. Using logistic regression model, the statistically significantly associated risk factors related to immediate and thirty-minute-later pressure ulcers include operation age, type of anesthesia, type of operation position, type of surgery, admission Braden score, and number of nursing intervention after adjustment for confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Admission Braden score and number of nursing intervention are well-established protected factors for the development of pressure ulcers. Our study shows that older operation age, type of anesthesia, type of operation position, and type of surgery are also associated with the development of pressure ulcers.
authors: Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan ; Faculty of Nursing, School of Nursing, Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11220, Taiwan.
authors: Ling Fu
authors: LF
authors: Shaw
authors: Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan.
authors: Pao-Chu
authors: PC
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan.
authors: Jung-Fen
authors: JF
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan.
authors: Huei-Yu
authors: HY
authors: Kung
authors: Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan ; Faculty of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205, Taiwan.
authors: Tao-Hsin
authors: 0000-0003-2097-8375
authors: TH
authors: Tung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013624:Taiwan