title: Development of a passive sampler for Zinc(II) in urban pond waters using a polymer inclusion membrane.
abstract: The use of a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) in a novel passive sampler to measure the time-weighted average concentration of Zn(II) in urban waters is described. The passive sampler consists of a compartment containing an acidic receiving solution, which is separated from the external source solution by a PIM consisting of 40 wt% di-2-(ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid as the extractant, and 60 wt% poly-(vinyl chloride) as the base polymer. Two laboratory passive sampling techniques were tested. One involved immersion of the passive sampler into a source solution ("dip-in" approach) for a predetermined period of time while in the other one the source solution was flown past the membrane of the sampler ("flow-through" approach). The latter approach was found to be more suitable for the calibration of the passive sampler under laboratory conditions. A successful application using the "dip-in" sampling approach in urban waters has been conducted for proof of concept.
authors: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: M Inês G S
authors: MIGS
authors: Almeida
authors: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: Cleopas
authors: C
authors: Chan
authors: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: Vincent J
authors: VJ
authors: Pettigrove
authors: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Cattrall
authors: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: s.kolev@unimelb.edu.au.
authors: Spas D
authors: SD
authors: Kolev
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D061005:Ponds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; C030242:phosphoric acid; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Di-2-(ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA); Passive sampling; Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs); Zinc