title: Apple polyphenol extracts protect against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.
abstract: The protective role of two apple polyphenol extracts, Douglas-FB (FB) and Douglas-EF (EF), on gastric mucosal damage following aspirin ingestion was investigated in healthy rats. Polyphenol content of the apple extracts varied, with the EF extract having 20% w/w polyphenols and a high proportion of flavanols as epicatechin and procyanidin, whereas the FB extract comprised 12% w/w polyphenols, which were mostly flavonols as quercetin glycosides. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to control, FB and EF groups and fed the experimental diet during the 10-day trial. Control treatment rats received 1 mL of deionised water, whereas apple polyphenol treatment group rats, FB and EF received a concentration of 10(-2)  m polyphenols in 1 mL deionised water daily via oral gavage. At the end of 10-day feeding period, rats were fasted overnight, and the following morning, aspirin (200 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage. Four hours after aspirin administration, the animals were euthanised, and samples taken for analysis. Both apple polyphenol extracts significantly reduced the ulcer area, ulcer lesion index and gastric injury score. The glutathione in gastric mucosa was increased significantly in rats given FB apple extract. Despite their different polyphenol compositions, FB and EF apple extracts assisted in protecting the gastric mucosa following acute aspirin administration in rats.
authors: The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Gunaranjan
authors: G
authors: Paturi
authors: Christine A
authors: CA
authors: Butts
authors: Kerry L
authors: KL
authors: Bentley-Hewitt
authors: Tony K
authors: TK
authors: McGhie
authors: Zaid S
authors: ZS
authors: Saleh
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: McLeod
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents; D013634:Tannins; C526219:apple polyphenol extract; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Royal Gala; apple polyphenols; aspirin; gastric mucosa; glutathione; stomach ulcer