title: Glucose series complexity in hypertensive patients.
abstract: Nonlinear methods have been applied to the analysis of biological signals. Complexity analysis of glucose time series may be a useful tool for the study of the initial phases of glucoregulatory dysfunction. This observational, cross-sectional study was performed in patients with essential hypertension. Glucose complexity was measured with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and glucose variability was measured by the mean amplitudes of glycemic excursion (MAGE). We included 91 patients with a mean age of 59 ± 10 years. We found significant correlations for the number of metabolic syndrome (MS)-defining criteria with DFA (r = 0.233, P = .026) and MAGE (r = 0.396, P < .0001). DFA differed significantly between patients who complied with MS and those who did not (1.44 vs. 1.39, P = .018). The MAGE (f = 5.3, P = .006), diastolic blood pressures (f = 4.1, P = .018), and homeostasis model assessment indices (f = 4.2, P = .018) differed between the DFA tertiles. Multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent determinants of the DFA values were MAGE (β coefficient = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.004, P = .001) and abdominal circumference (β coefficient = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 0.000015-0.004, P = .048). In our population, DFA was associated with MS and a number of MS criteria. Complexity analysis seemed to be capable of detecting differences in variables that are arguably related to the risk of the development of type 2 diabetes.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mostoles, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lvigil.hmtl@salud.madrid.org.
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Vigil
authors: Universidad Europea de Madrid (Campus Villaviciosa de Odón), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Emilia
authors: E
authors: Condés
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Varela
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Colas
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Borja
authors: B
authors: Vargas
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Lopez
authors: Computer Science Department (DISCA), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Alcoi, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Cirugeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Detrended fluctuation analysis; diabetes mellitus; mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; metabolic syndrome