title: Cardioprotective effect of protocatechuic acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound and one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, has been found to possess various biological activities, and it may have a potential in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases. This study explored the cardioprotective effect of PCA on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. In an in vivo rat model of MI/R injury, myocardial infarct size, serum TNF-a level, and platelet aggregation were measured. In a primary neonatal rat cardiomyocyte model of hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R) injury, the apoptotic rate, expressions of cleaved caspase-3, and phosphorylated Akt were observed. We found that PCA significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, serum TNF-a level, and platelet aggregation. In vitro experiments revealed that PCA significantly inhibited the apoptotic rate and the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and it upregulated the expression of phosphorylated Akt in cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R injury. Our results suggest that PCA can provide a significant protection against MI/R injury, which may be at least partially attributed to its inhibitions against injury induced by MI/R including the inflammatory response, platelet aggregation, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
authors: Xi-Lan
authors: XL
authors: Tang
authors: Jian-Xun
authors: JX
authors: Liu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Dong
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Cheng-Ren
authors: CR
authors: Lin
authors: Yong-Qiu
authors: YQ
authors: Zheng
authors: Wei-Hong
authors: WH
authors: Cong
authors: Jin-Cai
authors: JC
authors: Hou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009091:protocatechuic acid; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D053148:Caspase 3