title: Breach of tolerance: primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: In primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), the breach of tolerance that leads to active disease involves a disruption in several layers of control, including central tolerance, peripheral anergy, a "liver tolerance effect," and the action of T regulatory cells and their related cytokines. Each of these control mechanisms plays a role in preventing an immune response against self, but all of them act in concert to generate effective protection against autoimmunity without compromising the ability of the host immune system to mount an effective response to pathogens. At the same time, genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, including infection agents and xenobiotics, play important roles in breach of tolerance in the development of PBC.
authors: Research Center for Biological Therapy, The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Lifeng
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Research Center for Biological Therapy, The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Fu-Sheng
authors: FS
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Chang
authors: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California.
authors: M Eric
authors: ME
authors: Gershwin
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000276:immunology; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D012307:Risk Factors; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D015262:Xenobiotics