title: Schistosoma japonicum infection induces macrophage polarization.
abstract: The role of macrophages (Mφ) as the first line of host defense is well accepted. These cells play a central role in orchestrating crucial functions during schistosomal infection. Thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells in the process of infection as well as the mechanisms underlying these events is crucial for developing disease control strategies. In this study, we adopted a Mφ polarization recognition system. M1 macrophage was characterized by expressing CD16/32, IL-12 and iNOS. M2 macrophage was characterized by expressing CD206, IL-10 and arg-1. In vivo (mouse peritoneal macrophages of different infection stages were obtained) and in vitro (different S. japonicum antigens were used to stimulate RAW264.7) were characterized by using the above mentioned system. NCA and ACA stimulated RAW264.7 express significantly higher levels of IL-12 while significantly higher levels of IL-10 were detected after soluble egg antigen (SEA) stimulation. The results showed that dramatic changes of antigen in the microenvironment before and after egg production led to macrophage polarization. Furthermore, through TLR blocking experiments, the TLR4 signaling pathway was found to play a role in the process of macrophage polarization toward M1. Our data suggest that macrophage polarization during S. japonicum infection had significant effects on host immune responses to S. japonicum.
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors: Jingwei
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors: Donghui
authors: D
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors: Minjun
authors: M
authors: Ji
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors: Haiwei
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors: Guanling
authors: G
authors: Wu
keywords: TLRs; macrophage; polarization; schistosome japonicum