title: Current Practice and Outcomes in the Management of Intra-abdominal Testes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy is the most widely used technique for the surgical management of intra-abdominal testes with laparoscopy being the preferred approach. The aim of this study was to review all two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexies performed in one pediatric surgical unit over a 7-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series of all patients undergoing two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy was performed. Primary outcome measure was testicular atrophy at follow-up. Secondary outcomes included testicular atrophy at second-stage operation and testicular ascent requiring redo surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 83 two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy were performed, with outcome data available for 67. Median age at first stage was 1 year 11 months. No testes had undergone atrophy at the second-stage laparoscopy. Median follow-up was 1 year. The overall success rate was 86.4%. Seven patients were noted to have an atrophic testis at the initial clinic review. Five patients required redo orchidopexy for testicular ascent. Of these, two patients had a successful result, two patients subsequently had testicular atrophy and one awaits redo surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy has a relatively good outcome. The rates of reoperation after the two-stage Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy were low in this study. Overall success rate compares very favorably to published literature.
authors: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Stedman
authors: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Catherine J
authors: CJ
authors: Bradshaw
authors: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Dorothy
authors: D
authors: Kufeji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001284:Atrophy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D056126:Orchiopexy / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome