title: Phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of ZnO nanoparticles in Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani.
abstract: The rapid development of nanotechnology will inevitably result in an increasing release of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to wastewaters. In this study we investigated the fate and toxicity of ZnO NPs in aquatic plant mesocosms, as well as the potential for root accumulation and root-to-shoot translocation of these Zn NPs in the wetland plant Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani exposed to ZnO NPs. The growth of S. tabernaemontani in these hydroponic mesocosms was significantly inhibited by ZnO NPs (1000 mg L(-1)) compared to a control. Levels of Zn in the plant roots for the ZnO NP treatment ranged from 402 to 36513 μg g(-1), while values ranged from 256 to 9429 μg g(-)(1) (dry weight) for Zn(2+) treatment, implying that the uptake of Zn from ZnO NPs was substantially greater than that for Zn(2+). The root uptake (of the initial mass of Zn in the solution) for ZnO NP treatment ranged from 8.6% to 43.5%, while for Zn(2+) treatment they were 1.66% to 17.44%. The low values of the translocation factor for both ZnO NP (0.001-0.05) and Zn(2+) (0.05-0.27) treatments implied that the potential for translocation of Zn NPs from roots to shoots was limited. ZnO NP distribution in the root tissues of S. tabernaemontani was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that ZnO NPs could pass through plant cell walls, and were present within the plant cells of S. tabernaemontani.
authors: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore. Electronic address: dqzhang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors: Dongqing
authors: D
authors: Zhang
authors: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Hua
authors: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, N1.2-B1-03, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Xiao
authors: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, N1.2-B1-03, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors: Chunping
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, Hardy Tower 119, 5500 Campanile, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA.
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Gersberg
authors: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Stuckey
authors: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Wun Jern
authors: WJ
authors: Ng
authors: Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors: Soon Keat
authors: SK
authors: Tan
mesh_terms: D029785:Cyperaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Phytotoxicity; Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani; ZnO nanoparticles