title: Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on DNA methylation in the liver, kidney and gill of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: Pesticide exposure has repeatedly been associated with cancers, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association are largely undetermined. Abnormal DNA methylation plays a key role in the process of some disease. However, little was known about the effect of pesticides on DNA methylation in the common carp. In this study, we investigated the mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and methyl-CpG-binding protein DNA-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) as well as the DNA methylation levels in the liver, kidney and gill of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after 40-d exposure to atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) alone or in combination, and a 40-d recovery period. Juvenile common carp were exposed to various concentrations of ATR (at concentrations of 4.28, 42.8 and 428μg/L), CPF (1.16, 11.6 and 116μg/L), and an ATR/CPF mixture (at concentrations of 1.13, 11.3 and 113μg/L). The results revealed that the levels of genomic DNA methylation decreased in all tissues after 40d of exposure to ATR and CPF either individually or in combination. Moreover, the mRNA expression of DNMTs was down-regulated in all treatment groups. In contrast, the mRNA expression of MBD2 was up-regulated. These results demonstrated that long-term exposure to ATR, CPF and ATR/CPF mixtures could disrupt genomic DNA. It might imply that DNA methylation is involved in the toxicity caused by ATR and CPF in the common carp.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Ziwei
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Haidong
authors: H
authors: Yao
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Fuqing
authors: F
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
authors: Liangliang
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Center of conservation medicine & ecological safety, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China. Electronic address: yttuhh@yeh.net.
authors: Xiaolong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150069, PR China. Electronic address: xhj19800319@126.com.
authors: Houjuan
authors: H
authors: Xing
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China. Electronic address: shiwenxu@neau.edu.cn.
authors: Shiwen
authors: S
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C115368:MBD2 protein; D010575:Pesticides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Atrazine; Chlorpyrifos; Common carp; DNA methylation