title: Association of metabolic syndromes and risk factors with ampullary tumors development: a case-control study in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk factors for ampullary adenoma and ampullary cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study included ampullary tumor patients referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Controls were randomly selected from an existing database of healthy individuals at the Health Screening Center of the same hospital. Data on metabolic syndromes, medical conditions, and family history were collected by retrospective review of the patients' records and health examination reports, or by interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 181 patients and 905 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. We found that a history of diabetes, cholecystolithiasis, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A were significantly related to ampullary adenomas. Diabetes, cholecystolithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A were also significantly related to ampullary cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some metabolic syndrome components and medical conditions are potential risk factors for the development of ampullary tumors. Cholelithiasis, diabetes, and apolipoprotein A may contribute to the malignant transformation of benign ampullary adenomas into ampullary cancer.
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Xiao-Dong
authors: XD
authors: He
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Qiao
authors: Q
authors: Wu
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Hong
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Jing-Jing
authors: JJ
authors: Li
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Ruo-Yu
authors: RY
authors: Miao
authors: Xiao-Dong He, Qiao Wu, Wei Liu, Tao Hong, Jing-Jing Li, Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors: Hai-Tao
authors: HT
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Ampullary adenoma; Ampullary cancer; Metabolic syndromes; Risk factors