title: In-vivo trachea regeneration: fabrication of a tissue-engineered trachea in nude mice using the body as a natural bioreactor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the outcomes of implanting rat decellularized trachea scaffold (DTS) between the paravertebral muscles of nude mice using the body as a bioreactor for total graft recellularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tracheas of four rats were aseptically resected and decellularized. To assess the efficiency of the decellularization procedure, all decellularized scaffolds and native control tissues were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DAPI staining, DNA quantification, biomechanical analyses and hydroxyproline measurement. They were then implanted between the paravertebral muscles of four nude mice. The biopsies were precisely evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively for tracheal cartilage and soft tissue recellularization by staining for TTF1, CD34, S100 and leukocyte common antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, SEM and the tensile test confirmed the preservation of the tissue structure and the biophysical and biochemical properties of the DTS. The present study clearly demonstrated that the hydroxyproline content of the DTS was similar to that of the native tissue. On the other hand, in biopsy samples obtained after 12 months, histological evaluation showed superior organization and cell seeding in both the cartilage and connective tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a natural bioreactor for recellularizing DTS; this may have the potential to facilitate homologous transplantation for repairing segmental trachea defects.
authors: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Qarib's St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194 33151, Islamic Republic of Iran, kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors: Abdol-Mohammad
authors: AM
authors: Kajbafzadeh
authors: Shabnam
authors: S
authors: Sabetkish
authors: Nastaran
authors: N
authors: Sabetkish
authors: Samad
authors: S
authors: Muhammadnejad
authors: Aram
authors: A
authors: Akbarzadeh
authors: Seyyed Mohammad
authors: SM
authors: Tavangar
authors: Mohammad Javad
authors: MJ
authors: Mohseni
authors: Saeid
authors: S
authors: Amanpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064131:Back Muscles; D019149:Bioreactors; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008819:Mice, Nude; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology*