title: Hormonal causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
abstract: Endocrine disorders play a major role in approximately 8% to 12% of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Indeed, the local hormonal milieu is crucial in both embryo attachment and early pregnancy. Endocrine abnormalities, including thyroid disorders, luteal phase defects, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinaemia and diabetes have to be evaluated in any case of RPL. Moreover, elevated androgen levels and some endocrinological aspects of endometriosis are also factors contributing to RPL. In the present article, we review the significance of endocrine disease on RPL.
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Pluchino
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Panagiotis
authors: P
authors: Drakopoulos
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Jean Marie
authors: JM
authors: Wenger
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Petignat
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Streuli
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Pisa, Italy.
authors: Andrea Riccardo
authors: AR
authors: Genazzani
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006728:Hormones; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D011388:Prolactin