title: Speaking two languages at once: unconscious native word form access in second language production.
abstract: Bilingualism research has established language non-selective lexical access in comprehension. However, the evidence for such an effect in production remains sparse and its neural time-course has not yet been investigated. We demonstrate that German-English bilinguals performing a simple picture-naming task exclusively in English spontaneously access the phonological form of -unproduced- German words. Participants were asked to produce English adjective-noun sequences describing the colour and identity of familiar objects presented as line drawings. We associated adjective and picture names such that their onsets phonologically overlapped in English (e.g., green goat), in German through translation (e.g., blue flower - 'blaue Blume'), or in neither language. As expected, phonological priming in English modulated event-related brain potentials over the frontocentral scalp region from around 440ms after picture onset. Phonological priming in German was detectable even earlier, from 300ms, even though German was never produced and in the absence of an interaction between language and phonological repetition priming at any point in time. Overall, these results establish the existence of non-selective access to phonological representations of the two languages in the domain of speech production.
authors: Department of German Language and Linguistics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: katharina.spalek@staff.hu-berlin.de.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Spalek
authors: Department of English, Kobe City University of Foreign Studies, 9-1 Gakuen Higashi-machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2187, Japan. Electronic address: Noriko.Hoshino@inst.kobe-cufs.ac.jp.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Hoshino
authors: Department of Psychology, Sheffield University, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, United Kingdom. Electronic address: yanjing.wu@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors: Yan Jing
authors: YJ
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: M.Damian@bristol.ac.uk.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Damian
authors: School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2AS, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.thierry@bangor.ac.uk.
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Thierry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bilingualism; Event-related potentials; Lexical access; Phonological co-activation; Speech