title: Life Expectancy after Inpatient Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States.
abstract: This study characterized life expectancy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database (NDB) was weighted to represent those ≥16 years of age completing inpatient rehabilitation for TBI in the United States (US) between 2001 and 2010. Analyses included Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs), Cox regression, and life expectancy. The US mortality rates by age, sex, race, and cause of death for 2005 and 2010 were used for comparison purposes. Results indicated that a total of 1325 deaths occurred in the weighted cohort of 6913 individuals. Individuals with TBI were 2.23 times more likely to die than individuals of comparable age, sex, and race in the general population, with a reduced average life expectancy of 9 years. Independent risk factors for death were: older age, male gender, less-than-high school education, previously married at injury, not employed at injury, more recent year of injury, fall-related TBI, not discharged home after rehabilitation, less functional independence, and greater disability. Individuals with TBI were at greatest risk of death from seizures; accidental poisonings; sepsis; aspiration pneumonia; respiratory, mental/behavioral, or nervous system conditions; and other external causes of injury and poisoning, compared with individuals in the general population of similar age, gender, and race. This study confirms prior life expectancy study findings, and provides evidence that the TBIMS NDB is representative of the larger population of adults receiving inpatient rehabilitation for TBI in the US. There is an increased risk of death for individuals with TBI requiring inpatient rehabilitation.
authors: 1 Research Department, Craig Hospital , Englewood, Colorado.
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Harrison-Felix
authors: 1 Research Department, Craig Hospital , Englewood, Colorado.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Pretz
authors: 2 Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana , Indianapolis, India na.
authors: Flora M
authors: FM
authors: Hammond
authors: 1 Research Department, Craig Hospital , Englewood, Colorado.
authors: Jeffrey P
authors: JP
authors: Cuthbert
authors: 3 Traumatic Brain Injury Team, Health Systems and Trauma Systems Branch, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Altanta, Georgia .
authors: Jeneita
authors: J
authors: Bell
authors: 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Corrigan
authors: 5 National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research , United States Department of Education, Washington, DC.
authors: A Cate
authors: AC
authors: Miller
authors: 3 Traumatic Brain Injury Team, Health Systems and Trauma Systems Branch, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Altanta, Georgia .
authors: Juliet
authors: J
authors: Haarbauer-Krupa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000401:mortality* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002423:Cause of Death; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: brain injury, chronic; life expectancy; mortality; rehabilitation