title: Outcome following intracranial hemorrhage associated with novel oral anticoagulants.
abstract: The emergence of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban has changed the approach to anticoagulation for patients worldwide. Continued approval of novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism will result in increasing use of these medications over warfarin. Morbidity and mortality of anticoagulant related intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is relatively high and there is concern that outcomes may be worse with NOAC as there is a lack of specific antidotes for these agents with a greater risk for hematoma expansion. Unfortunately, the evidence supporting effective reversal strategies is lacking. Therefore, to gain further insight into the outcome after the management of NOAC related ICH, we present our experience with two patients with NOAC-induced ICH.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 W Harrison Street, Suite 855, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: manish_kasliwal@rush.edu.
authors: Manish K
authors: MK
authors: Kasliwal
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 W Harrison Street, Suite 855, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors: Nicholas G
authors: NG
authors: Panos
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 W Harrison Street, Suite 855, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors: Lorenzo F
authors: LF
authors: Munoz
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 W Harrison Street, Suite 855, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors: Roham
authors: R
authors: Moftakhar
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 W Harrison Street, Suite 855, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors: Demetrius K
authors: DK
authors: Lopes
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 W Harrison Street, Suite 855, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D000069604:Dabigatran / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D011728:Pyridones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069552:Rivaroxaban / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000931:Antidotes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011728:Pyridones; C522181:apixaban; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D000069604:Dabigatran
keywords: Apixaban; Dabigatran; Intracranial hemorrhages; Rivaroxaban; Treatment outcome