title: Inactivation effect of pressurized carbon dioxide on bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 as a novel disinfectant for water treatment.
abstract: The inactivation effects of pressurized CO2 against bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 were investigated under the pressure of 0.3-0.9 MPa, initial concentration of 10(7)-10(9) PFU/mL, and temperature of 17.8°C-27.2°C. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.7 MPa and an exposure time of 25 min. Under identical treatment conditions, a greater than 3.3-log reduction in bacteriophage Qβ was achieved by CO2, while a nearly 3.0 log reduction was observed for phage ΦX174. The viricidal effects of N2O (an inactivation gas with similar characteristics to CO2), normal acid (HCl), and CO2 treatment with phosphate buffered saline affirmed the chemical nature of CO2 treatment. The pumping cycle, depressurization rate, and release of intracellular substances caused by CO2 were its viricidal mechanisms. The results indicate that CO2 has the potential for use as a disinfectant without forming disinfection by-products.
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan; Faculty of Urban Engineering, Central University of Construction, Tuy Hoa, Phu Yen, 56000, Vietnam. Electronic address: huypocrisy@gmail.com.
authors: Huy Thanh
authors: HT
authors: Vo
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan. Electronic address: imai@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Imai
authors: Faculty of Urban Engineering, Central University of Construction, Tuy Hoa, Phu Yen, 56000, Vietnam.
authors: Truc Thanh
authors: TT
authors: Ho
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Sekine
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
authors: Ariyo
authors: A
authors: Kanno
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
authors: Takaya
authors: T
authors: Higuchi
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan.
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D017908:Allolevivirus; D010584:Bacteriophage phi X 174; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004203:Disinfection; D011312:Pressure; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: bacteriophage Qβ; bacteriophage ΦX174; microbubbles; pressurized CO(2); viricidal effect; water disinfection