title: FMR1 premutation is an uncommon explanation for premature ovarian failure in Han Chinese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In premature ovarian failure (POF), cessation of menstruation occurs before the expected age of menopause. Approximately 1% of women are affected. FMR1 premutation was reported to be responsible for up to 3.3%-6.7% of sporadic POF and 13% of familial cases in Caucasians, while the data was absent in Chinese population. Therefore, the impact of FMR1 CGG repeat on ovarian reserve is needed to be investigated in large Chinese cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of FMR1 CGG repeat was determined in 379 Han Chinese women with well-defined 46, XX non-syndromic sporadic POF and 402 controls. The age of menopause onset in respect to CGG repeats was further analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of FMR1 premutation in Han Chinese POF was only 0.5% (2/379), although it was higher than that in matched controls (0%, 0/402), it was much lower than that reported in Caucasian with POF (3.3%-6.7%). The prevalence of intermediate FMR1 (41-54) was not increased significantly in sporadic POF than that in controls (2.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.343). However, POF patients more often carried a single additional CGG repeat in a single allele than did fertile women (allele-1: 29.7 vs. 28.8, P<0.001; allele-2: 32.6 vs. 31.5, P < 0.001). POF patients with both alleles of CGG repeats outside (below or above) the normal range (26-34) showed an earlier age of cessation of menses than those with two alleles within normal range (hom-high/high vs. norm: 20.4 ± 4.8 vs. 24.7 ± 6.4, p < 0.01; hom-low/high vs. norm: 18.7 ± 1.7 vs. 24.7 ± 6.4, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMR1 premutation seems to be an uncommon explanation for POF in Han Chinese. However, having both alleles with CGG repeats outside the normal range might still adversely affect ovarian aging.
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Guo
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Yingying
authors: Y
authors: Qin
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Jiao
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors: Guangyu
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Research and Global Programs March of Dimes Foundation, White Plains, New York, United States of America; Human & Molecular Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
authors: Joe Leigh
authors: JL
authors: Simpson
authors: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China; Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors: Zi-Jiang
authors: ZJ
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000235:genetics; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; C497683:FMR1 protein, human