title: Longitudinal strain of right ventricular free wall by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is useful for detecting pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Echocardiography is widely used for screening pulmonary hypertension (PH). More recently developed two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) can assess regional deformation of the myocardium and is useful for detecting left ventricular dysfunction. However, its usefulness to assess right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of peak systolic strain (PSS) and post-systolic strain index (PSI) at the RV free wall determined by 2D-STE to detect PH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six images (27 images from PH patients, nine from patients with connective tissue disease without PH) obtained by 2D-STE were analysed. We investigated the relationship between RV hemodynamics measured by right heart catheterization and PSS, PSI and other echocardiographic parameters reflecting RV overload including RV end-diastolic diameter (RVDd) and tricuspid valve regurgitant pressure gradient (TRPG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSS, PSI, RVDd and TRPG were all correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Furthermore, when PSS and MPAP were measured twice, the change in PSS was correlated with the change in MPAP (r=0.633, p=0.037). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified PSS as the only independent factor associated with MPAP ≥ 35mmHg [odds ratio (OR), 1.616; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017-2.567; p=0.042] and PVR ≥ 400dyn·s·cm(-5) (OR, 1.804; 95% CI 1.131-2.877; p=0.013). Furthermore, the optimal PSS cut-off value to detect an elevated MPAP and PVR was -20.75%, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSS of the RV free wall might serve as a useful non-invasive indicator of PH.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address: sikeda@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Ikeda
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Tsuneto
authors: Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan; Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Sanae
authors: S
authors: Kojima
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Seiji
authors: S
authors: Koga
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Tomoo
authors: T
authors: Nakata
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Yoshida
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Miyuki
authors: M
authors: Eto
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Minami
authors: Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Katsunori
authors: K
authors: Yanagihara
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Maemura
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Echocardiography; Peak systolic strain; Post systolic index; Pulmonary hypertension; Speckle tracking; Tricuspid valve regurgitant pressure gradient