title: Effects of sonic application of adhesive systems on bonding fiber posts to root canals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Luting posts inside the root canal is still a challenge because of the difficulty of bonding adhesive materials in the apical third of roots. This study evaluated the effect of the application mode of 3 simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives on the push-out bond strength (PBS), nanoleakage (NL), and in situ degree of conversion (DC) of fiber posts in the root canal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The roots of human premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into 6 groups according to the combination of the main factors: adhesive (Ambar, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Adper Single Bond 2, 3MESPE, St Paul, MN; and XP Bond+self-cure activator, DeTrey Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) and application mode (manual or sonic). The posts were cemented and the PBS tested at 0.5 mm/min. The NL was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy after the immersion of specimens in 50% silver nitrate. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the in situ DC. Root third was also considered in the statistical evaluation. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests (5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under sonic application, the PBS and the in situ DC increased, whereas NL decreased significantly for all groups in the middle and apical thirds (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of simplified adhesives by sonic mode in the root canal is a feasible tool to increase the fiber post bond to root canals.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Cuadros-Sanchez
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Szesz
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Viviane
authors: V
authors: Hass
authors: Department of Research and Development, Odeme Biotechnology, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors: Rafael Tiago
authors: RT
authors: Patzlaff
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Reis
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: aloguercio@hotmail.com.
authors: Alessandro D
authors: AD
authors: Loguercio
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; C000604625:Ambar; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C103503:EnForce-Sure Cure; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; C532387:XP-Bond; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: Bond strength; fiber posts; in situ degree of conversion; nanoleakage; post retention; resin cements; root dentin; sonic application