title: Presence of relaxin-2, oxytocin and their receptors in uterosacral ligaments of pre-menopausal patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a major health concern for women. Its pathophysiology is yet not fully understood. We reported an impaired functional state of the smooth muscle compartment in uterosacral ligaments from patients with POP, which was cholinergic, stimulated by oxytocin and modulated by relaxin-2. The current study investigated the presence of oxytocin and relaxin-2 and their receptors in the uterosacral ligament from POP/non-POP patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translational investigation on clinical samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty-three samples of uterosacral ligament from pre-menopausal patients with (n = 20) and without POP (n = 23).
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of relaxin-2, its receptors RXFP1 and RXFP2, and of oxytocin and its receptor were analysed by immunohistochemistry and classified using a staining score. Additionally, Western blot analysis was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence patterns with respect to POP and non-POP uterosacral ligament samples for pathophysiological understanding of POP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relaxin-2, oxytocin and their receptors were expressed in endothelial cells, the smooth muscle compartment and vasa vasorum in the arteries and veins of the uterosacral ligament, in the smooth muscle compartment present in the ground reticulum and in nerves running through the uterosacral ligament. The presence level of relaxin-2 was higher in the uterosacral ligament of the POP cohort (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that relaxin-2 had an increased presence in uterosacral ligaments from patients with POP, suggesting a role of the relaxin system in the pathogenesis of POP and identifying the relaxin system as a potential therapeutic target for the pharmacological treatment of POP.
authors: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Schott
authors: Christl
authors: C
authors: Reisenauer
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Busch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008022:Ligaments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012065:Relaxin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012447:Sacrum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C095068:RLN2 protein, human; C472867:RXFP2 protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D010121:Oxytocin; D012065:Relaxin
keywords: Oxytocin; pelvic organ prolapse; relaxin receptor; relaxin-2; uterosacral ligament