title: Salivary alcohol dehydrogenase in non-smoking and smoking alcohol-dependent persons.
abstract: Increasing attention to the importance of saliva testing is not surprising because smoking and alcohol drinking act synergistically on oral tissues, and their metabolite levels, e.g., acetaldehyde, are much higher in saliva than in blood. The activity of salivary alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) comes from oral microbiota, mucosa, and salivary glands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of ADH in the oral health pathology of smoking (AS) and non-smoking (ANS) alcohol-dependent males. The results indicated that the AS group had a more significant and longer duration (until the 30th day of alcohol abstinence) decrease in ADH activity and output than the ANS group (until the 15th day of alcohol abstinence) compared to controls (social drinkers; C). The decreased salivary flow (SF) in alcoholics was observed longer in the ANS group (until the 30th day of alcohol abstinence), whereas in the AS group SF normalized at the 15th day, probably due to the irritating effect of tobacco smoke on the oral mucosa. Because saliva was centrifuged to remove cells and debris (including microbial cells), the detected salivary ADH activity was derived from salivary glands and/or oral mucosa. A more profound and longer decrease in ADH activity/output in smoking than non-smoking alcoholics was likely due to the damaged salivary glands and/or oral mucosa, caused by the synergistic effect of alcohol drinking and smoking. The lower values of salivary ADH in smoking than non-smoking alcoholics might also be partly due to the reversed/inhibited ADH reaction by high levels of accumulated acetaldehyde.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland. Electronic address: napoleonwas@yahoo.com.
authors: Napoleon
authors: N
authors: Waszkiewicz
authors: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Jelski
authors: Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Białystok, ul.Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Białystok, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Zalewska
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Plac Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Partyzantów 2/4, 05-802 Pruszków, Poland.
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Szulc
authors: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Szmitkowski
authors: Medical College of the Universal Education Society, ul. Adama Mickiewicza 59, 18-400 Łomża, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Zwierz
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine and Disasters, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland.
authors: Sławomir Dariusz
authors: SD
authors: Szajda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology*; D012472:Salivation; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase
keywords: Alcohol; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Mucosa; Saliva; Salivary glands; Tobacco smoking