title: Determination of reference values for optical properties of liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink.
abstract: A multi-center study has been set up to accurately characterize the optical properties of diffusive liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Nine research laboratories from six countries adopting different measurement techniques, instrumental set-ups, and data analysis methods determined at their best the optical properties and relative uncertainties of diffusive dilutions prepared with common samples of the two compounds. By exploiting a suitable statistical model, comprehensive reference values at three NIR wavelengths for the intrinsic absorption coefficient of India ink and the intrinsic reduced scattering coefficient of Intralipid-20% were determined with an uncertainty of about 2% or better, depending on the wavelength considered, and 1%, respectively. Even if in this study we focused on particular batches of India ink and Intralipid, the reference values determined here represent a solid and useful starting point for preparing diffusive liquid phantoms with accurately defined optical properties. Furthermore, due to the ready availability, low cost, long-term stability and batch-to-batch reproducibility of these compounds, they provide a unique fundamental tool for the calibration and performance assessment of diffuse optical spectroscopy instrumentation intended to be used in laboratory or clinical environment. Finally, the collaborative work presented here demonstrates that the accuracy level attained in this work for optical properties of diffusive phantoms is reliable.
authors: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Spinelli
authors: , Nalecz Instutute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Botwicz
authors: , Nalecz Instutute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Zolek
authors: , Nalecz Instutute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kacprzak
authors: , Nalecz Instutute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Milej
authors: , Nalecz Instutute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sawosz
authors: , Nalecz Instutute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Liebert
authors: , Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Castelldefels, Spain.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Weigel
authors: , Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Castelldefels, Spain.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Durduran
authors: , Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Germany.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Foschum
authors: , Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kienle
authors: , National Optics Institute, Québec, Canada.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Baribeau
authors: , National Optics Institute, Québec, Canada.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Leclair
authors: , National Optics Institute, Québec, Canada.
authors: J-P
authors: JP
authors: Bouchard
authors: , National Optics Institute, Québec, Canada.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Noiseux
authors: , National Optics Institute, Québec, Canada.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gallant
authors: , National Optics Institute, Québec, Canada.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Mermut
authors: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Farina
authors: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy ; , Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pifferi
authors: , Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Torricelli
authors: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy ; , Politecnico di Milano-Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Cubeddu
authors: , Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan ; , Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
authors: H-C
authors: HC
authors: Ho
authors: , Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mazurenka
authors: , Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wabnitz
authors: , Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Klauenberg
authors: , Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Bodnar
authors: , Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Elster
authors: , Département de génieélectrique, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bénazech-Lavoué
authors: , Département de génieélectrique, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Bérubé-Lauzière
authors: Département de génieélectrique, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lesage
authors: , Department of Physics, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Khoptyar
authors: , Department of Physics, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Subash
authors: , Department of Physics, Lund University, Sweden.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Andersson-Engels
authors: , Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Di Ninni
authors: , Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Martelli
authors: , Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Zaccanti
keywords: (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.5280) Photon migration; (170.7050) Turbid media