title: Increased expression of SAMHD1 in a subset of HIV-1 elite controllers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SAMHD1 and the CDKN1A (p21) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor have been postulated to mediate HIV-1 restriction in CD4+ cells. We have shown that p21 affects HIV replication through its effect on SAMHD1. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the expression of SAMHD1 and p21 in different HIV+ phenotypic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated SAMHD1 and CDKN1A mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells from HIV+ individuals including elite controllers (n = 12), individuals who control HIV without the need for antiretroviral treatment, viraemic progressors (n = 10) and HIV-1 seronegative healthy donors (n = 14). Immunological variables were measured by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that a subset of HIV+ elite controllers with lower T cell proliferation levels (Ki67+ cells) expressed higher SAMHD1 compared with healthy donors or viraemic progressors. Conversely, there was no difference in p21 expression before or after T cell activation with a bispecific CD3/CD8 antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that SAMHD1 may play a role in controlling virus replication in HIV+ individuals and slow the rate of disease progression.
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Riveira-Muñoz
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Alba
authors: A
authors: Ruiz
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Pauls
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Permanyer
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Badia
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: Mothe
authors: Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Manel
authors: M
authors: Crespo
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Bonaventura
authors: B
authors: Clotet
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Brander
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors: Ester
authors: E
authors: Ballana
authors: AIDS Research Institute-IrsiCaixa and AIDS Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain jaeste@irsicaixa.es.
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: Esté
mesh_terms: D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010641:Phenotype; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; C484280:SAMHD1 protein, human; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: p21; restriction factors; viral control