title: Nitrosothiol signaling and protein nitrosation in cell death.
abstract: Nitric oxide, a reactive free radical, is an important signaling molecule that can lead to a plethora of cellular effects affecting homeostasis. A well-established mechanism by which NO manifests its effect on cellular functions is the post-translational chemical modification of cysteine thiols in substrate proteins by a process known as S-nitrosation. Studies that investigate regulation of cellular functions through NO have increasingly established S-nitrosation as the primary modulatory mechanism in their respective systems. There has been a substantial increase in the number of reports citing various candidate proteins undergoing S-nitrosation, which affects cell-death and -survival pathways in a number of tissues including heart, lung, brain and blood. With an exponentially growing list of proteins being identified as substrates for S-nitrosation, it is important to assimilate this information in different cell/tissue systems in order to gain an overall view of protein regulation of both individual proteins and a class of protein substrates. This will allow for broad mapping of proteins as a function of S-nitrosation, and help delineate their global effects on pathophysiological responses including cell death and survival. This information will not only provide a much better understanding of overall functional relevance of NO in the context of various disease states, it will also facilitate the generation of novel therapeutics to combat specific diseases that are driven by NO-mediated S-nitrosation.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA. Electronic address: anand.iyer@hamptonu.edu.
authors: Anand Krishnan V
authors: AK
authors: Iyer
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
authors: Yon
authors: Y
authors: Rojanasakul
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.
authors: Neelam
authors: N
authors: Azad
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D011506:Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds
keywords: Apoptosis; Cancer; Cell death; Nitrosation; S-nitrosylation; Survival