title: Testing usability and trainability of indirect touch interaction: perspective for the next generation of air traffic control systems.
abstract: This study aims to determine whether indirect touch device can be used to interact with graphical objects displayed on another screen in an air traffic control (ATC) context. The introduction of such a device likely requires an adaptation of the sensory-motor system. The operator has to simultaneously perform movements on the horizontal plane while assessing them on the vertical plane. Thirty-six right-handed participants performed movement training with either constant or variable practice and with or without visual feedback of the displacement of their actions. Participants then performed a test phase without visual feedback. Performance improved in both practice conditions, but accuracy was higher with visual feedback. During the test phase, movement time was longer for those who had practiced with feedback, suggesting an element of dependency. However, this 'cost' of feedback did not extend to movement accuracy. Finally, participants who had received variable training performed better in the test phase, but accuracy was still unsatisfactory. We conclude that continuous visual feedback on the stylus position is necessary if tablets are to be introduced in ATC.
authors: a ISAE, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse , France.
authors: Mickaël
authors: M
authors: Causse
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Alonso
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Vachon
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Parise
authors: Jean-Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Orliaguet
authors: Sébastien
authors: S
authors: Tremblay
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Terrier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001359:Aviation / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014110:Touch; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: aiming movements; air traffic control; control strategies; tablet computer; training; visual feedback