title: Direct genesis of functional rodent and human schwann cells from skin mesenchymal precursors.
abstract: Recent reports of directed reprogramming have raised questions about the stability of cell lineages. Here, we have addressed this issue, focusing upon skin-derived precursors (SKPs), a dermally derived precursor cell. We show by lineage tracing that murine SKPs from dorsal skin originate from mesenchymal and not neural crest-derived cells. These mesenchymally derived SKPs can, without genetic manipulation, generate functional Schwann cells, a neural crest cell type, and are highly similar at the transcriptional level to Schwann cells isolated from the peripheral nerve. This is not a mouse-specific phenomenon, since human SKPs that are highly similar at the transcriptome level can be made from neural crest-derived facial and mesodermally derived foreskin dermis and the foreskin SKPs can make myelinating Schwann cells. Thus, nonneural crest-derived mesenchymal precursors can differentiate into bona fide peripheral glia in the absence of genetic manipulation, suggesting that developmentally defined lineage boundaries are more flexible than widely thought.
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Matthew P
authors: MP
authors: Krause
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
authors: Shaalee
authors: S
authors: Dworski
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Konstantin
authors: K
authors: Feinberg
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Jones
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Adam P W
authors: AP
authors: Johnston
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Smitha
authors: S
authors: Paul
authors: Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors: Maryline
authors: M
authors: Paris
authors: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7632700, Israel.
authors: Elior
authors: E
authors: Peles
authors: Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
authors: Darius
authors: D
authors: Bagli
authors: Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Forrest
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Kaplan
authors: Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada ; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada ; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
authors: Freda D
authors: FD
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D016513:Mice, SCID; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1