title: Health-related quality of life in pediatric cardiac extracorporeal life support survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the health-related quality of life of children who received cardiac extracorporeal life support. We hypothesized that extracorporeal life support survivors have lower health-related quality-of-life scores when compared with a healthy sample, with children with chronic conditions, and with children who had surgery for congenital heart disease and did not receive extracorporeal life support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stollery Children's Hospital and Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow-up Program clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children less than or 5 years old with diagnosis of cardiac disease (congenital or acquired) who received extracorporeal life support at the Stollery Children's Hospital from 1999 to 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Health-related quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales completed by the children's parents at the time of follow-up. Forty-seven cardiac extracorporeal life support survivors had their health-related quality of life assessed at a median age of 4 years. Compared with a healthy sample, children who received venoarterial extracorporeal life support have significantly lower PedsQL (64.9 vs 82.2; p < 0.0001). The PedsQL scores of children who received extracorporeal life support were also significantly lower than those of children with chronic health conditions (64.9 vs 73.1; p = 0.007). Compared with children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery early in infancy and who did not receive extracorporeal life support, extracorporeal life support survivors had significantly lower PedsQL scores (64.9 vs 81.1; p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis found an independent association between both higher inotrope score in the first 24 hours of extracorporeal life support and longer hospital length of stay, with lower PedsQL scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric cardiac extracorporeal life support survivors showed lower health-related quality of life than healthy children, children with chronic conditions, and children with congenital heart disease who did not receive extracorporeal life support.
authors: 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 2Pediatric Rehabilitation Outcomes Evaluation and Research Unit, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 3School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 4Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Garcia Guerra
authors: Charlene M T
authors: CM
authors: Robertson
authors: Gwen Y
authors: GY
authors: Alton
authors: Ari R
authors: AR
authors: Joffe
authors: Elham Khodayari
authors: EK
authors: Moez
authors: Irina A
authors: IA
authors: Dinu
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Ross
authors: Ivan M
authors: IM
authors: Rebeyka
authors: Laurance
authors: L
authors: Lequier
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003422:Critical Care; D004644:Emotions; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D058992:Social Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology