title: Flow cytometric analysis of the physical and protein-binding characteristics of solid drug nanoparticle suspensions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral and intramuscular sustained-release antiretroviral solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) are in development but there is limited understanding of whether nanoparticles or dissolved drug predominate systemically.
  
  
  METHODS
  A flow cytometric method was developed to analyze SDNs in biological fluids such as plasma, including the putative formation of a protein corona.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDNs were found to be stable in plasma and could be observed using the techniques developed here. In addition, transferrin, fibrinogen and albumin were found to be associated with SDNs upon incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This methodology has enabled us to determine protein interactions of SDNs in solution without the requirement of separation from the matrix. This will enable further studies of their biological fate.
authors: Neill J
authors: NJ
authors: Liptrott
authors: 2Department of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Giardiello
authors: 2Department of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Joseph W
authors: JW
authors: Hunter
authors: Lee
authors: L
authors: Tatham
authors: Louise R
authors: LR
authors: Tidbury
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Siccardi
authors: 2Department of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Rannard
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Owen
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: nanoparticle; nanoparticle biological fate; protein corona; solid drug nanoparticle