title: Emissions of amides (N,N-dimethylformamide and formamide) and other obnoxious volatile organic compounds from different mattress textile products.
abstract: The emission rates of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), formamide (FAd), and certain hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured from seventeen mattress textile samples with four different raw material types: polyurethane (PU: n=3), polyester/polyethylene (PE: n=7), ethylene vinyl acetate (EV: n=3), and polyvinyl chloride (PC: n=4). To simulate the emissions in a heated room during winter season, measurements were made under temperature-controlled conditions, i.e., 50°C by using a mini-chamber system made of a midget impinger. Comparison of the data indicates that the patterns were greatly distinguished between DMF and FAd. PU products yielded the highest mean emission rates of DMF (2940 μg m(-2)h(-1): n=3) followed by PE (325 μg m(-2)h(-1): n=7), although its emission was not seen from other materials (EV and PC). In contrast, the pattern of FAd emission was moderately reversed from that of DMF: EV>PC>PE>PU. The results of our analysis confirm that most materials used for mattress production have the strong potential to emit either DMF or FAd in relatively large quantities while in use in children׳s care facilities, especially in winter months. Moreover, it was also observed that an increase in temperature (25°C to 50°C) had a significant impact on the emission rate of FAd and other hazardous VOCs. In addition to the aforementioned amides, the study revealed significant emissions of a number of hazardous VOCs, such as aromatic and carbonyl compounds.
authors: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors: Ki-Hyun
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas central University, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India. Electronic address: skpbhu@gmail.com.
authors: Sudhir K
authors: SK
authors: Pandey
authors: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors: Yong-Hyun
authors: YH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul 136-075, South Korea.
authors: Jong Ryeul
authors: JR
authors: Sohn
authors: Department of Environmental Science & Environmental Engineering, Kyunghee University, Suwon 446-701, South Korea.
authors: J-M
authors: JM
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000032:analysis*; D005559:Formamides / Q000032:analysis*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D013696:Temperature; D013784:Textiles / Q000032:analysis*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005559:Formamides; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C031066:formamide; D004126:Dimethylformamide
keywords: Emission rate; Formamide; Health hazard; Mattress textile; N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF); Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)