title: A normative study of total scores of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery in an educationally diverse elderly population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate the influences of age, education, and gender on the two total scores (TS-I and TS-II) of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NP) and to provide normative information based on an analysis for a large number of elderly persons with a wide range of educational levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study, 1,987 community-dwelling healthy volunteers (620 males and 1,367 females; 50-90 years of age; and zero to 25 years of education) were included. People with serious neurological, medical, and psychiatric disorders (including dementia) were excluded. All participants underwent the CERAD-NP assessment. TS-I was generated by summing raw scores from the CERAD-NP subtests, excluding Mini-Mental State Examination and Constructional Praxis (CP) recall subtests. TS-II was calculated by adding CP recall score to TS-I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TS-I and TS-II were significantly influenced by demographic variables. Education accounted for the greatest proportion of score variance. Interaction effect between age and gender was found. Based on the results obtained, normative data of the CERAD-NP total scores were stratified by age (six overlapping tables), education (four strata), and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normative information will be very useful for better interpretation of the CERAD-NP total scores in various clinical and research settings and for comparing individuals' performance of the battery across countries.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Ji Young
authors: JY
authors: Han
authors: Division of Natural Medical Sciences,College of Health Science,Chosun University,Gwangju,South Korea.
authors: Eun Hyun
authors: EH
authors: Seo
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Dahyun
authors: D
authors: Yi
authors: Department of Neuropsychaitry,Boramae Medical Center,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Bo Kyung
authors: BK
authors: Sohn
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Young Min
authors: YM
authors: Choe
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Min Soo
authors: MS
authors: Byun
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Hyo Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Soonchunhyang University Bucheonhospital,Bucheon,South Korea.
authors: Shin Gyeom
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Daelim Saint Mary's Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Shin Young
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital,Hwaseong,South Korea.
authors: Jee Wook
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Gyeonggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly,Yongin,South Korea.
authors: Jong Chul
authors: JC
authors: Youn
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Kangwon National University Hospital,Chunchon,South Korea.
authors: Jin Hyeong
authors: JH
authors: Jhoo
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Kangwon National University Hospital,Chunchon,South Korea.
authors: Jung Hie
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital,Seongnam,South Korea.
authors: Ki Woong
authors: KW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Jong Inn
authors: JI
authors: Woo
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea.
authors: Dong Young
authors: DY
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors