title: Incorporation of aurochs into a cattle herd in Neolithic Europe: single event or breeding?
abstract: Domestication is an ongoing process continuously changing the lives of animals and humans and the environment. For the majority of European cattle (Bos taurus) genetic and archaeozoological evidence support initial domestication ca. 11'000 BP in the Near East from few founder aurochs (Bos primigenius) belonging to the mitochondrial DNA T macro-haplogroup. Gene flow between wild European aurochs of P haplogroup and domestic cattle of T haplogroup, coexisting over thousands of years, appears to have been sporadic. We report archaeozoological and ancient DNA evidence for the incorporation of wild stock into a domestic cattle herd from a Neolithic lake-dwelling in Switzerland. A complete metacarpus of a small and compact adult bovid is morphologically and genetically a female. With withers height of ca. 112 cm, it is comparable in size with small domestic cattle from contemporaneous sites in the area. The bone is directly dated to 3360-3090 cal BC and associated to the Horgen culture, a period of the secondary products revolution. The cow possessed a novel mtDNA P haplotype variant of the European aurochs. We argue this is either a single event or, based on osteological characteristics of the Horgen cattle, a rare instance of intentional breeding with female aurochs.
authors: University of Basel, Department Environmental Science, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, CH 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Schibler
authors: University of Basel, Department Environmental Science, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, CH 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Elsner
authors: University of Basel, Department Environmental Science, Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, CH 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Schlumbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001106:Archaeology; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D049690:History, Ancient; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial