title: Man-biting sand fly species and natural infection with the Leishmania promastigote in leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Ecuador.
abstract: A countrywide surveillance of sand flies was performed to obtain information on their geographical distribution and natural infection by Leishmania protozoa in Ecuador. A total of 18,119 sand flies were collected by human landing collections during 32 years from 1982 to 2014, and 29 species were recognized. The most prevalent 10 species were Lutzomyia gomezi, Lu. robusta, Lu. hartmanni, Lu. shannoni, Lu. trapidoi, Lu. panamensis, Lu. maranonensis, Lu. ayacuchensis, Lu. tortura and Lu. yuilli yuilli, and their topographical and vertical distributions were identified. Among all the sand flies, only 197 (1.09%) flies of four Lutzomyia species, Lu. gomezi, Lu. trapidoi, Lu. tortura and Lu. ayacuchensis, were positive for Leishmania. Endotrypanum, a flagellate parasite not pathogenic to humans, were detected in five Lutzomyia species, Lu. robusta, Lu. hartmanni, Lu. trapidoi, Lu. panamensis and Lu. yuilli yuilli, suggesting wide vector-ranges of Endotrypanum species. These data on the genus Lutzomyia and their natural infections with Leishmania and Endotrypanum will be useful for transmission studies and surveillance of leishmaniasis.
authors: Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Guayaquil, Ecuador.
authors: Eduardo A
authors: EA
authors: Gomez
authors: Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
authors: Hirotomo
authors: H
authors: Kato
authors: Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ecuador; Prometeo, Secretaría Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), Ecuador; Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan. Electronic address: yhashiguchi42@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Yoshihisa
authors: Y
authors: Hashiguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003710:Demography; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification* / Q000469:parasitology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000469:parasitology
keywords: Distribution; Ecuador; Leishmania; Sand fly