title: Reticulate evolution in the apogamous Dryopteris varia complex (Dryopteridaceae, subg. Erythrovariae, sect. Variae) and its related sexual species in Japan.
abstract: Apogamous fern species are often difficult to distinguish from related species because of their continuous morphological variations. To clarify the genetic relationships among the members of the Dryopteris varia complex, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene rbcL and the nuclear gene PgiC. We also analyzed the diploid sexual species D. caudipinna and D. chinensis, which have not been included in the complex, but were recently shown to be closely related to the complex in a molecular phylogenetic study. The PgiC sequences of the diploid sexual species, D. varia, D. saxifraga, D. sp. 'protobissetiana' (undescribed diploid sexual species), D. caudipinna, and D. chinensis, were well differentiated and hence designated A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Thus, the PgiC constitution of apogamous species in the complex was as follows: D. bissetiana, B + C; D. kobayashii, B + C + E); D. pacifica, A + C, A + B + C, or A + C + D; D. sacrosancta, A + C + E; and D. saxifragivaria, B + C. These results suggest that these apogamous species are formed by hybridizations of species including not only the three diploid sexual species of the D. varia complex (A, B, and C) but also the two diploid sexual species D. caudipinna (D) and D. chinensis (E), which do not belong to the complex.
authors: Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan, hori-kiyotaka@ed.tmu.ac.jp.
authors: Kiyotaka
authors: K
authors: Hori
authors: Akitaka
authors: A
authors: Tono
authors: Kazuto
authors: K
authors: Fujimoto
authors: Juntaro
authors: J
authors: Kato
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Ebihara
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Watano
authors: Noriaki
authors: N
authors: Murakami
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032492:Dryopteris / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011003:Ploidies; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; C101625:RbcL protein, plastid; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase