title: Needling versus liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for the treatment of pedal warts a randomized controlled pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that needling of a pedal wart creates local inflammation and a subsequent cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) against human papillomavirus. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether needling to induce a CMIR against human papillomavirus is an effective treatment for pedal warts compared with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. A secondary objective was to investigate whether the CMIR induced by needling is effective against satellite pedal warts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients with pedal warts were randomly allocated to receive either needling or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Only the primary pedal wart was treated during the study. Follow-up was 12 weeks, with outcome assessments made independently under blinded circumstances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 37 patients enrolled in the study, 18 were allocated to receive needling and 19 to receive liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Regression of the primary pedal wart occurred in 64.7% of the needling group (11 of 17) and in 6.2% of the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group (1 of 16) (P =  .001). No significant relationship was found between needling of the primary pedal wart and regression of satellite pedal warts (P = .615) or complete pedal wart regression (P = .175). There was no significant difference in pain, satisfaction, or cosmesis between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The regression rate of the primary pedal wart was significantly higher in the needling group compared with the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group.
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Cunningham
authors: Jessica T
authors: JT
authors: Brimage
authors: Reza N
authors: RN
authors: Naraghi
authors: Virginia M
authors: VM
authors: Bower
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005260:Female; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011677:Punctures; D014860:Warts / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen