title: Fruit intake decreases risk of incident type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis.
abstract: Association between fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes is inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of all prospective cohort studies to clarify the association between fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Relevant studies were identified by searches of the PubMed and Embase databases up to November 2013. The summary relative risks of association were obtained using a fixed- or random-effects model. A total of nine prospective studies (403,259 participants, including 27,940 with incident type 2 diabetes) from seven publications were included in the meta-analysis of fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. We found that individuals in the highest category of fruit intake had a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk 0.92, 95 % confidence interval 0.86-0.97, p = 0.003) compared to those in the lowest category, with moderate evidence of between-study heterogeneity (I (2) = 37.6 %, p = 0.12). There was an evident non-linear association of fruit intake with type 2 diabetes (P for nonlinearity <0.001). A non-linear threshold of 200 g/day of fruit intake was identified and the risk of type 2 diabetes reduced by about 13 % at this cut-off. Our findings are consistent with diet recommendations to consume about 200 g/day of fruits to prevent type 2 diabetes.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors: Shuangshuang
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Song
authors: S
authors: Miao
authors: Yubei
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Zhaolu
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Huan
authors: H
authors: Tian
authors: Xiuxiu
authors: X
authors: Yin
authors: Weihong
authors: W
authors: Tang
authors: Lyn M
authors: LM
authors: Steffen
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Xi
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D012306:Risk