title: Effects of an intervention aimed at reducing the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in primary school children: a controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to the development of overweight in children, effective interventions to reduce their consumption are needed. Here we evaluated the effect of a combined school- and community-based intervention aimed at reducing children's SSB consumption by promoting the intake of water. Favourable intervention effects on children's SSB consumption were hypothesized.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2011-2012, a controlled trial was conducted among four primary schools, comprising 1288 children aged 6-12 years who lived in multi-ethnic, socially deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Intervention schools adopted the 'water campaign', an intervention developed using social marketing. Control schools continued with their regular health promotion programme. Primary outcome was children's SSB consumption, measured using parent and child questionnaires and through observations at school, both at baseline and after one year of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant positive intervention effects were found for average SSB consumption (B -0.19 litres, 95% CI -0.28;-0.10; parent report), average SSB servings (B -0.54 servings, 95% CI -0.82;-0.26; parent report) and bringing SSB to school (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36;0.72; observation report).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the effectiveness of the water campaign intervention in reducing children's SSB consumption. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials: NTR3400.
authors: Vivian M
authors: VM
authors: van de Gaar
authors: Wilma
authors: W
authors: Jansen
authors: Amy
authors: A
authors: van Grieken
authors: Gerard  J J M
authors: G
authors: Borsboom
authors: Stef
authors: S
authors: Kremers
authors: Hein
authors: H
authors: Raat
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D060766:Drinking Water; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D012574:Schools; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D060766:Drinking Water; D013549:Sweetening Agents