title: Enhanced immune responses of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine using new oil/gel adjuvant mixtures in pigs and goats.
abstract: The immunity and protective capability produced by vaccines can vary remarkably according to the kinds of adjuvants being used. In the case of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in pigs, only oil-adjuvant vaccines have been used, and these tend to show lower immunity in pigs than in cattle. New adjuvants for these vaccines are therefore needed. We made different experimental FMD vaccines using new adjuvants (ISA 201, Carbigen, Emulsigen-D) and well-known adjuvants (ISA 206, aluminum hydroxide gel) and then conducted tests to compare the enhancement in pig immunity. More effective immune responses and protection against challenge were observed with the new adjuvants Emulsigen-D and ISA 201 compared to existing adjuvants. In the case of dairy goats, a mixture of Emulsigen-D and aluminum hydroxide gel produced rapid neutralizing antibody responses that were similar to results from tests conducted with pigs.
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors: Min-Eun
authors: ME
authors: Park
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seo-Yong
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors: Rae-Hyung
authors: RH
authors: Kim
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi-Kyeong
authors: MK
authors: Ko
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kwang-Nyeong
authors: KN
authors: Lee
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors: Su-Mi
authors: SM
authors: Kim
authors: MJ Biologics, 1961 Premier Drive Suite 402, Mankato, MN 56001, USA.
authors: Byoung-Kwan
authors: BK
authors: Kim
authors: Veterinary College, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jong-Soo
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea.
authors: Byounghan
authors: B
authors: Kim
authors: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parkjhvet@korea.kr.
authors: Jong-Hyeon
authors: JH
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; D005782:Gels; D006041:Goats; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013552:Swine; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D005782:Gels; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide
keywords: Adjuvant; Foot-and-mouth disease; Immune response; Protection; Vaccine