title: Interaction between fluids and vasoactive agents on mortality in septic shock: a multicenter, observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluids and vasoactive agents are both used to treat septic shock, but little is known about how they interact or the optimal way to administer them. We sought to determine how hospital mortality was influenced by combined use of these two treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between hospital mortality and categorical variables representing initiation of vasoactive agents and volumes of IV fluids given 0-1, 1-6, and 6-24 hours after onset, including interactions and adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICUs of 24 hospitals in 3 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand eight hundred forty-nine patients who survived more than 24 hours after after onset of septic shock, admitted between 1989 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluids and vasoactive agents had strong, interacting associations with mortality (p < 0.0001). Mortality was lowest when vasoactive agents were begun 1-6 hours after onset, with more than 1 L of fluids in the initial hour after shock onset, more than 2.4 L from hours 1-6, and 1.6-3.5 L from 6 to 24 hours. The lowest mortality rates were associated with starting vasoactive agents 1-6 hours after onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The focus during the first hour of resuscitation for septic shock should be aggressive fluid administration, only thereafter starting vasoactive agents, while continuing aggressive fluid administration. Starting vasoactive agents in the initial hour may be detrimental, and not all of that association is due to less fluids being given with such early initiation of vasoactive agents.
authors: 1Department of Critical Care, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 2Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. 3Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4Center for Health Evaluation and Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 5Department of Intensive Care, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 6Department of Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ. 7Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ.
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Waechter
authors: Anand
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Stephen E
authors: SE
authors: Lapinsky
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Marshall
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Dodek
authors: Yaseen
authors: Y
authors: Arabi
authors: Joseph E
authors: JE
authors: Parrillo
authors: R Phillip
authors: RP
authors: Dellinger
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Garland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents