title: A comprehensive assessment of human exposure to phthalates from environmental media and food in Tianjin, China.
abstract: A total of 448 samples including foodstuffs (rice, steamed bun, vegetables, meat, poultry, fish, milk and fruits), ambient PM10, drinking water, soil, indoor PM10 and indoor dust samples from Tianjin were obtained to determine the distribution of six priority phthalates (PAEs) and assess the human exposure to them. The results indicated that DBP and DEHP were the most frequently detected PAEs in these samples. The concentrations of PAEs in environmental media were higher than those in food. We estimated the daily intake (DI) of PAEs via ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption from five sources (food, water, air, dust and soil). Dietary intake was the main exposure source to DEP, BBP, DEHP and DOP, whereas water ingestion/absorption was the major source of exposure to DBP, DEHP and DOP. Although food and water were the overwhelmingly predominant sources of PAEs intake by Tianjin population, contaminated air was another important source of DMP, DEP and DBP contributing to up to 45% of the exposure. The results of this study will help in understanding the major pathways of human exposure to PAEs. These findings also suggest that human exposure to phthalate esters via the environment should not be overlooked.
authors: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: jiyaqin@nankai.edu.cn.
authors: Yaqin
authors: Y
authors: Ji
authors: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Fumei
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Leibo
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Chunyan
authors: C
authors: Shan
authors: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors: Zhipeng
authors: Z
authors: Bai
authors: School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors: Zengrong
authors: Z
authors: Sun
authors: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Lingling
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Boxiong
authors: B
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Daily intake; Environmental media; Food; Human exposure; Phthalates