title: Insights into morphology and disease from the dog genome project.
abstract: Although most modern dog breeds are less than 200 years old, the symbiosis between man and dog is ancient. Since prehistoric times, repeated selection events have transformed the wolf into man's guardians, laborers, athletes, and companions. The rapid transformation from pack predator to loyal companion is a feat that is arguably unique among domesticated animals. How this transformation came to pass remained a biological mystery until recently: Within the past decade, the deployment of genomic approaches to study population structure, detect signatures of selection, and identify genetic variants that underlie canine phenotypes is ushering into focus novel biological mechanisms that make dogs remarkable. Ironically, the very practices responsible for breed formation also spurned morbidity; today, many diseases are correlated with breed identity. In this review, we discuss man's best friend in the context of a genetic model to understand paradigms of heritable phenotypes, both desirable and disadvantageous.
authors: Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; email: eostrand@mail.nih.gov.
authors: Jeffrey J
authors: JJ
authors: Schoenebeck
authors: Elaine A
authors: EA
authors: Ostrander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size / Q000235:genetics; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D001947:Breeding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D016678:Genome; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006197:Hair / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013623:Tail / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C051795:teleocalcin
keywords: body size; breed standard; disease; genomics; morphology; skull