title: The adenosine salvage pathway as an alternative to mitochondrial production of ATP in maturing mammalian oocytes.
abstract: Although the oocyte is the largest cell in the body and an unavoidable phase in life, its physiology is still poorly understood, and other cell types provide little insight into its unique nature. Even basic cellular functions in the oocyte such as energy metabolism are not yet fully understood. It is known that the mitochondria of the female gamete exhibit an immature form characterized by limited energy production from glucose and oxidative phosphorylation. We show that the bovine oocyte uses alternative means to maintain ATP production during maturation, namely, the adenosine salvage pathway. Meiosis resumption is triggered by destruction of cyclic AMP by phosphodiesterases producing adenosine monophosphate that is converted into ATP by adenylate kinases and creatine kinases. Inhibition of these enzymes decreased ATP production, and addition of their substrates restored ATP production in denuded oocytes. Addition of phosphocreatine to the oocyte maturation medium influenced the phenotype of the resulting blastocysts. We propose a model in which adenylate kinases and creatine kinases act as drivers of ATP production from added AMP during oocyte maturation.
authors: Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Scantland
authors: Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Tessaro
authors: Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Carolina H
authors: CH
authors: Macabelli
authors: Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Angus D
authors: AD
authors: Macaulay
authors: Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Gaël
authors: G
authors: Cagnone
authors: Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Éric
authors: É
authors: Fournier
authors: Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
authors: Alberto M
authors: AM
authors: Luciano
authors: Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada claude.robert@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Robert
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002417:Cattle; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004477:Ectogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D059471:In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: adenosine salvage pathway; energy; maturation; mitochondria; oocytes