title: Fetal growth and cardio-metabolic risk factors in the 20-year-old offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between prenatal growth patterns as estimated by biparietal diameter and cardio-metabolic risk at 20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Denmark 1988-2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of children born between 1988 and 1990 (n=707) and followed up in 2008-2009 (n=333-509).
  
  
  METHODS
  We have access to biparietal diameter from early ultrasound scan and birthweight. For each gender, biparietal diameter and birthweight, gestational age-specific growth-z-scores were calculated. A change in growth trajectory was depicted as a shift in z-score for the two growth measures. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to estimate associations between biparietal diameter and birthweight z-scores and later cardio-metabolic risk factors as well as estimating whether changing growth trajectory was associated with later cardio-metabolic risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported anthropometrics and clinically measured blood pressure, heart rate and biochemical measures associated with cardio-metabolic health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustments, biparietal diameter was not associated with any of the outcomes. Birthweight was positively associated with both adult height and weight and inversely associated with insulin, triglyceride and insulin resistance. Also, the data indicated a U-shaped association between growth in the second half of pregnancy and adult body mass index among individuals with a low biparietal diameter in mid-pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different patterns of intrauterine growth may be associated with later risk of cardio-metabolic disease.
authors: Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: Dorte
authors: D
authors: Rytter
authors: Bodil H
authors: BH
authors: Bech
authors: Morten
authors: M
authors: Frydenberg
authors: Tine B
authors: TB
authors: Henriksen
authors: Sjurdur F
authors: SF
authors: Olsen
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D001724:Birth Weight; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Pregnancy; birthweight; cardiovascular disease; epidemiology; longitudinal studies