title: [Dance sport: injury profile in Latin American formation dancing].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latin American formation dancing ranks among the technical-compositional types of sport and represents a discipline of dance sport due to its performance- and competition-orientated mode. Despite its high degree of popularity and a movement profile favouring injuries, there has been a lack of studies as to health hazards and damage in Latin American formation dancing. The aim of this study is to analyse formation dance-related health hazards and their causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of n = 100 (m: n = 52, f: n = 48) Latin American dancers of the German top-level league participated in this anonymised retrospective cross-sectional investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean weights of the male dancers were 75.2 kg and respectively 58.2 kg for the females, mean body height/size were 1.82 m (m) and 1.67 m (f) and mean BMI 22.2 (m) and 20.0 (f), respectively. At least one each traumatic injury/chronic damage was sustained by 69.3 % (m) and 77.6 % (f) of the dancers in the course of their dance sport activities. Almost all (97.9 %) injuries occurred during the training. A total of 409 injuries/overuse damages (= 4.1 injuries/athlete) was reported with 80.4 % traumatic injuries and 19.5 % chronic damages. Female dancers were more often injured than their male counterparts. The lower extremity was the most commonly affected body region [64.5 % (m) and, respectively, 71.2 % (f)], followed by upper extremity (m: 21.2 %, f: 17.6 %) and spinal column/trunk region (m: 12.0 %, f: 8.5 %). Blockages and pulled muscles were the most common complaints reported by males with contusions and pulled muscles being reported by females. Chondropathy/osteoarthrosis were the most frequent chronic diseases. Of all injuries sustained, circa two thirds were caused by extrinsic and circa one third by intrinsic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injury profiles/patterns in Latin American formation dancing show on the one hand parallels to the individual partner dances. On the other hand, typical and gender-specific movement elements seem to reflect in the injuries and chronic damages/diseases of formation dancers. This is to be taken into account when injury prevention measures are considered. There is also a need for further studies to allow a more differentiated analysis.
authors: Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Wanke
authors: Haut- & Laserzentrum Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Fischer
authors: Zentrum für Schulterchirurgie, Arthroskopische Chirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Roland Klinik, Bremen.
authors: H G
authors: HG
authors: Pieper
authors: Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Frankfurt am Main.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Groneberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003615:Dancing / Q000293:injuries* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*