title: Pediatric glaucoma surgery: a report by the American Academy Of Ophthalmology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current published literature to evaluate the success rates and long-term problems associated with surgery for pediatric glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were last conducted in May 2012. The search yielded 838 potentially relevant citations, of which 273 were in non-English languages. The titles and abstracts of these articles were reviewed by the authors, and 364 were selected for possible further review. Members of the Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee Glaucoma Panel reviewed the full text of these articles and used the 36 that met inclusion and exclusion criteria for this Ophthalmic Technology Assessment. There were no studies on the topic that provided level I evidence. The assessment included only level II and level III studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgeons treat pediatric glaucoma most commonly with goniotomy, trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy, tube shunt surgery, cyclodestruction, and deep sclerectomy. Certain surgical options seem better for specific diagnoses, such as primary congenital glaucoma, aphakic glaucoma, and glaucomas associated with other ocular or systemic anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are many surgical options for the treatment of the pediatric glaucomas. The relative efficacy of these various procedures for particular diagnoses and clinical situations should be weighed against the specific risks associated with the procedures for individual patients.
authors: Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Glaucoma Service, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Teresa C
authors: TC
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Philip P
authors: PP
authors: Chen
authors: Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Brian A
authors: BA
authors: Francis
authors: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors: Anna K
authors: AK
authors: Junk
authors: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors: Scott D
authors: SD
authors: Smith
authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors: Kuldev
authors: K
authors: Singh
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors: Shan C
authors: SC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018463:Filtering Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D009885:Ophthalmology; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States