title: Multimodal imaging of gliomas in the context of evolving cellular and molecular therapies.
abstract: The vast majority of malignant gliomas relapse after surgery and standard radio-chemotherapy. Novel molecular and cellular therapies are thus being developed, targeting specific aspects of tumor growth. While histopathology remains the gold standard for tumor classification, neuroimaging has over the years taken a central role in the diagnosis and treatment follow up of brain tumors. It is used to detect and localize lesions, define the target area for biopsies, plan surgical and radiation interventions and assess tumor progression and treatment outcome. In recent years the application of novel drugs including anti-angiogenic agents that affect the tumor vasculature, has drastically modulated the outcome of brain tumor imaging. To properly evaluate the effects of emerging experimental therapies and successfully support treatment decisions, neuroimaging will have to evolve. Multi-modal imaging systems with existing and new contrast agents, molecular tracers, technological advances and advanced data analysis can all contribute to the establishment of disease relevant biomarkers that will improve disease management and patient care. In this review, we address the challenges of glioma imaging in the context of novel molecular and cellular therapies, and take a prospective look at emerging experimental and pre-clinical imaging techniques that bear the promise of meeting these challenges.
authors: NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: olivier.keunen@crp-sante.lu.
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Keunen
authors: Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Torfinn
authors: T
authors: Taxt
authors: Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Renate
authors: R
authors: Grüner
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors: Morten
authors: M
authors: Lund-Johansen
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Joerg-Christian
authors: JC
authors: Tonn
authors: Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Pavlin
authors: NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; The Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Bjerkvig
authors: NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Electronic address: simone.niclou@crp-sante.lu.
authors: Simone P
authors: SP
authors: Niclou
authors: Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; The Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors: Frits
authors: F
authors: Thorsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging
keywords: (11)C-methionine (PubChem CID: 15556483); (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (PubChem CID: 450503); (18)F-fluoroethyltyrosine (PubChem CID: 44439370); (18)F-fluoromisonidazole (PubChem CID: 450173); (18)F-fluorothymidine (PubChem CID: 450772); Brain tumors; Computer vision; Gadolinium (PubChem CID: 23982); Image analysis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Molecular imaging; Neuroimaging; Positron emission tomography; Radiology information systems; Temozolomide (PubChem CID: 5394)