title: Antiplatelet therapy for peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia: guidelines abound, but where are the data?
abstract: Antiplatelet therapy is invariably prescribed for patients with peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia, and numerous major society guidelines espouse their use, but high-quality data in this high-risk and challenging patient population are often lacking. This article summarizes the major guidelines for antiplatelet therapy, reviews the major studies of antiplatelet therapy in peripheral arterial disease (including data for aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, cilostazol, and prostanoids), and offers perspective on the potential benefits of ticagrelor, vorapaxar, and rivaroxaban. The review concludes with a discussion of the relative lack of efficacy that antiplatelet therapy has shown in regard to peripheral vascular outcomes.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama-Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Azarbal
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Clavijo
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA mgaglia@usc.edu.
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Gaglia
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077407:Cilostazol; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D013777:Tetrazoles; D004176:Dipyridamole; D000077407:Cilostazol; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: antiplatelet therapy; aspirin; clopidogrel; critical limb ischemia; peripheral arterial disease heart disease