title: Decision and dopaminergic system: an ERPs study of Iowa gambling task in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Recent researches reported behavioral and emotional impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD), even in the earliest stages. This impairment affects also decision-making and learning processes. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is commonly used to examine the decision-making capacity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of feedback evaluation in the decision-making process into a learning context, using IGT and event-related potentials (ERPs) in a group of non-demented medicated PD patients. Fifteen PD patients and 15 healthy controls were recruited for the study. PD patients were administrated a basic neuropsychological assessment oriented to exclude cognitive impairments. Both groups underwent the computerized IGT during electroencephalography (EEG) registration. To analyse ERPs, continuous EEG data were epoched within a time-window starting 1000 ms before and ending 1000 ms after feedback presentation and averaged separately for positive (i.e., win condition) and negative (i.e., loss condition) feedbacks. Behavioral data revealed a significant lower performance of PD patients (p < 0.05) compared with the controls. While controls demonstrated a correct feedback evaluation, PD patients did not show any learning, selecting more disadvantageous decks even in the last part of task. Furthermore, ERPs results revealed that controls showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in ERPs morphology recorded after the win and the loss conditions, suggesting that positive and negative feedbacks were differently evaluated and processed. PD patients showed a different pattern: their ERPs morphology was the same for positive and negative feedback. Interestingly, our ERPs results suggest that in PD patients an incorrect evaluation of context-relevant outcomes could be the reason of a poor performance in decision-making tasks, and could explain cognitive and behavioral problems related to impulse control disorder.
authors: Department of General Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy ; Human Inspired Technologies Research Center, University of Padova Padova, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Mapelli
authors: Department of General Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Di Rosa
authors: Department of General Psychology, University of Padova Padova, Italy.
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Cavalletti
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Padova Padova, Italy.
authors: Sami
authors: S
authors: Schiff
authors: Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Neurology Section, University of Verona Verona, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Tamburin
keywords: Iowa gambling task (IGT); Parkinson’s disease (PD); decision making; dopaminergic system; frontal lobe