title: GrainScan: a low cost, fast method for grain size and colour measurements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measuring grain characteristics is an integral component of cereal breeding and research into genetic control of seed development. Measures such as thousand grain weight are fast, but do not give an indication of variation within a sample. Other methods exist for detailed analysis of grain size, but are generally costly and very low throughput. Grain colour analysis is generally difficult to perform with accuracy, and existing methods are expensive and involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed a software method to measure grain size and colour from images captured with consumer level flatbed scanners, in a robust, standardised way. The accuracy and precision of the method have been demonstrated through screening wheat and Brachypodium distachyon populations for variation in size and colour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using GrainScan, cheap and fast measurement of grain colour and size will enable plant research programs to gain deeper understanding of material, where limited or no information is currently available.
authors: CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors: Alex P
authors: AP
authors: Whan
authors: National Institute for Applied Statistics and Research Australia, Univeristy of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
authors: Alison B
authors: AB
authors: Smith
authors: CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors: Colin R
authors: CR
authors: Cavanagh
authors: CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors: Jean-Philippe F
authors: JP
authors: Ral
authors: CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors: Lindsay M
authors: LM
authors: Shaw
authors: CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors: Crispin A
authors: CA
authors: Howitt
authors: CSIRO Computational Informatics, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia.
authors: Leanne
authors: L
authors: Bischof
keywords: Brachypodium distachyon; Image analysis; Seed colour; Seed size; Wheat