title: Magnetic force microscopy: quantitative issues in biomaterials.
abstract: Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based technique in which an AFM tip with a magnetic coating is used to probe local magnetic fields with the typical AFM spatial resolution, thus allowing one to acquire images reflecting the local magnetic properties of the samples at the nanoscale. Being a well established tool for the characterization of magnetic recording media, superconductors and magnetic nanomaterials, MFM is finding constantly increasing application in the study of magnetic properties of materials and systems of biological and biomedical interest. After reviewing these latter applications, three case studies are presented in which MFM is used to characterize: (i) magnetoferritin synthesized using apoferritin as molecular reactor; (ii) magnetic nanoparticles loaded niosomes to be used as nanocarriers for drug delivery; (iii) leukemic cells labeled using folic acid-coated core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles in order to exploit the presence of folate receptors on the cell membrane surface. In these examples, MFM data are quantitatively analyzed evidencing the limits of the simple analytical models currently used. Provided that suitable models are used to simulate the MFM response, MFM can be used to evaluate the magnetic momentum of the core of magnetoferritin, the iron entrapment efficiency in single vesicles, or the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles into cells.
authors: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Passeri
authors: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Department of Physics; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Chunhua
authors: C
authors: Dong
authors: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Melania
authors: M
authors: Reggente
authors: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Lab. for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I); Department Min-Met-Materials Eng. & University Hospital Research Center; Laval University; Quebec City, Canada.
authors: Livia
authors: L
authors: Angeloni
authors: Department of Chemistry; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Barteri
authors: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Francesca A
authors: FA
authors: Scaramuzzo
authors: Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Rome, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: De Angelis
authors: Istituto di Genetica Molecolare; CNR; Istituto Rizzoli; Bologna, Italy.
authors: Fiorenzo
authors: F
authors: Marinelli
authors: Department of Chemistry; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Flavia
authors: F
authors: Antonelli
authors: Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Rinaldi
authors: Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Carlotta
authors: C
authors: Marianecci
authors: Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Carafa
authors: Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Sorbo
authors: Delft University of Technology; Biotechnology Department; Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry Section; Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Sordi
authors: Delft University of Technology; Biotechnology Department; Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry Section; Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Isabel Wce
authors: IW
authors: Arends
authors: Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy; Centro di Ricerca per le Nanotecnologie Applicate all'Ingegneria della Sapienza (CNIS); University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Rossi
mesh_terms: D001052:Apoferritins / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C099578:(O-methylpoly(ethylene glycol)-O'-succinyl)-N-epsilon-poly(L-lysine); D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010087:Oxides; C088922:magnetoferritin; D011107:Polylysine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D001052:Apoferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron
keywords: cell labelling; drug delivery; ferritin; folic acid receptor; leukemia cell; magnetic force microscopy; magnetic nanoparticle; magnetoferritin; niosome; vesicle