title: Analysis of Clonostachys rosea-induced resistance to tomato gray mold disease in tomato leaves.
abstract: Tomato gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a serious disease in tomato. Clonostachys rosea is an antagonistic microorganism to B. cinerea. To investigate the induced resistance mechanism of C. rosea, we examined the effects of these microorganisms on tomato leaves, along with changes in the activities of three defense enzymes (PAL, PPO, GST), second messengers (NO, H2O2, O2(-)) and phytohormones (IAA, ABA, GA3, ZT, MeJA, SA and C2H4). Compared to the control, all treatments induced higher levels of PAL, PPO and GST activity in tomato leaves and increased NO, SA and GA3 levels. The expression of WRKY and MAPK, two important transcription factors in plant disease resistance, was upregulated in C. rosea- and C. rosea plus B. cinerea-treated samples. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that two abundant proteins were present in the C. rosea plus B. cinerea-treated samples but not in the other samples. These proteins were determined (by mass spectrum analysis) to be LEXYL2 (β-xylosidase) and ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit. Therefore, C. rosea plus B. cinerea treatment induces gray mold resistance in tomato. This study provides a basis for elucidating the mechanism of C. rosea as a biocontrol agent.
authors: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China; College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Liana Dalcantara Ongouya
authors: LD
authors: Mouekouba
authors: College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Guan
authors: College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Xiuling
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Hongyu
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures, Vegreville, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Junfeng
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Jingfu
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors: Yijun
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
authors: Aoxue
authors: A
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000737:chemistry*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins