title: Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis and diabetic macrovascular complications.
abstract: Age-related changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are associated with stress of this cell organelle. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a normal physiological reaction of a cell in order to prevent accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER and improve the normal ER function. However, in pathologic conditions such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes, ER function becomes impaired, leading to the development of ER stress. In chronic ER stress, defective posttranslational protein folding results in deposits of aberrantly folded proteins in the ER and the induction of cell apoptosis mediated by UPR sensors C/EBPα-homologous protein (CHOP) and inositol requiring protein-1 (IRE1). Since ER stress and ER-induced cell death play a nonredundant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetic macrovascular complications, pharmaceutical targeting of ER stress components and pathways may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular pathology.
authors: Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Dmitry A
authors: DA
authors: Chistiakov
authors: Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia ; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ; Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Igor A
authors: IA
authors: Sobenin
authors: Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia ; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Alexander N
authors: AN
authors: Orekhov
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ; Faculty of Medicine and St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
authors: Yuri V
authors: YV
authors: Bobryshev
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; C528229:ERN1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004722:Endoribonucleases