title: Comparison of the rheological properties of four root canal sealers.
abstract: The flowability of a root canal sealer is clinically important because it improves the penetration of the sealer into the complex root canal system. The purpose of this study was to compare the flowabilities of four root canal sealers, measured using the simple press method (ISO 6876), and their viscosities, measured using a strain-controlled rheometer. A newly developed, calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer (Capseal) and three commercial root canal sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) were used in this study. The flowabilities of the four root canal sealers were measured using the simple press method (n=5) and their viscosities were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer (n=5). The correlation between these two values was statistically analysed using Spearman's correlation test. The flow diameters and the viscosities of the root canal sealers were strongly negatively correlated (ρ=-0.8618). The viscosity of Pulp Canal Sealer EWT was the lowest and increased in the following order: AH Plus<Sealapex<Capseal (P<0.05). All of the tested root canal sealers showed characteristic time- and temperature-dependent changes in their rheological properties. The viscosities measured using the strain-controlled rheometer were more precise than the flowabilities measured using the simple press method, suggesting that the rheometer can accurately measure the rheological properties of root canal sealers.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seok Woo
authors: SW
authors: Chang
authors: National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Young-Kyu
authors: YK
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Won Jun
authors: WJ
authors: Shon
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Woo Cheol
authors: WC
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kee Yeon
authors: KY
authors: Kum
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seung Ho
authors: SH
authors: Baek
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: In Bog
authors: IB
authors: Lee
authors: Dental Research Institute and Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Bum-Soon
authors: BS
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kwang Shik
authors: KS
authors: Bae
mesh_terms: D008422:Materials Testing; D012212:Rheology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials