title: Rehabilitative training promotes rapid motor recovery but delayed motor map reorganization in a rat cortical ischemic infarct model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In preclinical stroke models, improvement in motor performance is associated with reorganization of cortical motor maps. However, the temporal relationship between performance gains and map plasticity is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to assess the effects of rehabilitative training on the temporal dynamics of behavioral and neurophysiological endpoints in a rat model of focal cortical infarct.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight days after an ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex, adult rats received either rehabilitative training or were allowed to recover spontaneously. Motor performance and movement quality of the paretic forelimb was assessed on a skilled reach task. Intracortical microstimulation mapping procedures were conducted to assess the topography of spared forelimb representations either at the end of training (post-lesion day 18) or at the end of a 3-week follow-up period (post-lesion day 38).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats receiving rehabilitative training demonstrated more rapid improvement in motor performance and movement quality during the training period that persisted through the follow-up period. Motor maps in both groups were unusually small on post-lesion day 18. On post-lesion day 38, forelimb motor maps in the rehabilitative training group were significantly enlarged compared with the no-rehab group, and within the range of normal maps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postinfarct rehabilitative training rapidly improves motor performance and movement quality after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex. However, training-induced motor improvements are not reflected in spared motor maps until substantially later, suggesting that early motor training after stroke can help shape the evolving poststroke neural network.
authors: Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Mariko
authors: M
authors: Nishibe
authors: University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
authors: Edward T R
authors: ET
authors: Urban
authors: University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Barbay
authors: University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA rnudo@kumc.edu.
authors: Randolph J
authors: RJ
authors: Nudo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000633:toxicity; D005552:Forelimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1
keywords: Long-Evans; cerebral cortex; neuronal plasticity; rats; rehabilitation; stroke