title: The first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Campinas, State of São Paulo Southeastern Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early detection of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) outbreak in animals is crucial for controlling this disease in non-endemic areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiological surveillance (2009-2012) was performed in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2009, Leishmania chagasi was positively identified in four dogs. Entomological research and three serological studies (2010-2012) were undertaken as monitoring measures; these approaches revealed a moderate prevalence of Leishmania present in 4% of the canine population. Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia longipalpis were the predominant species identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of an AVL outbreak in dogs in an area with an evolving natural landscape containing sand flies is crucial for control programs.
authors: Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Campinas, Campinas, SP, BRAZIL.
authors: Andrea Paula Bruno
authors: AP
authors: von Zuben
authors: Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Campinas, Campinas, SP, BRAZIL.
authors: Rodrigo Nogueira
authors: RN
authors: Angerami
authors: Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Campinas, Campinas, SP, BRAZIL.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Castagna
authors: Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Campinas, Campinas, SP, BRAZIL.
authors: Marisa Bevilacqua Denardi
authors: MB
authors: Baldini
authors: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, BRAZIL.
authors: Maria Rita
authors: MR
authors: Donalisio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004285:Dogs; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan