title: Platelet-rich plasma and skeletal muscle healing: a molecular analysis of the early phases of the regeneration process in an experimental animal model.
abstract: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has received increasing interest in applied medicine, being widely used in clinical practice with the aim of stimulating tissue healing. Despite the reported clinical success, there is still a lack of knowledge when considering the biological mechanisms at the base of the activity of PRP during the process of muscle healing. The aim of the present study was to verify whether the local delivery of PRP modulates specific molecular events involved in the early stages of the muscle regeneration process. The right flexor sublimis muscle of anesthetized Wistar rats was mechanically injured and either treated with PRP or received no treatment. At day 2 and 5 after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and the muscle samples evaluated at molecular levels. PRP treatment increased significantly the mRNA level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, and TGF-β1. This phenomenon induced an increased expression at mRNA and/or protein levels of several myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD1, Myf5 and Pax7, as well as the muscular isoform of insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1Eb). No effect was detected with respect to VEGF-A expression. In addition, PRP application modulated the expression of miR-133a together with its known target serum response factor (SRF); increased the phosphorylation of αB-cristallin, with a significant improvement in several apoptotic parameters (NF-κB-p65 and caspase 3), indexes of augmented cell survival. The results of the present study indicates that the effect of PRP in skeletal muscle injury repair is due both to the modulation of the molecular mediators of the inflammatory and myogenic pathways, and to the control of secondary pathways such as those regulated by myomiRNAs and heat shock proteins, which contribute to proper and effective tissue regeneration.
authors: Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Dimauro
authors: Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Loredana
authors: L
authors: Grasso
authors: Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Fittipaldi
authors: Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Fantini
authors: Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Neri
authors: N
authors: Mercatelli
authors: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Racca
authors: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Geuna
authors: Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Di Gianfrancesco
authors: Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Caporossi
authors: Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Pigozzi
authors: Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Borrione
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1