title: The Golgi localized bifunctional UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter family of Arabidopsis.
abstract: Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that plays a key role in plant growth, structural integrity, and defense. The cell wall is a complex and diverse structure that is mainly composed of polysaccharides. The majority of noncellulosic cell wall polysaccharides are produced in the Golgi apparatus from nucleotide sugars that are predominantly synthesized in the cytosol. The transport of these nucleotide sugars from the cytosol into the Golgi lumen is a critical process for cell wall biosynthesis and is mediated by a family of nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs). Numerous studies have sought to characterize substrate-specific transport by NSTs; however, the availability of certain substrates and a lack of robust methods have proven problematic. Consequently, we have developed a novel approach that combines reconstitution of NSTs into liposomes and the subsequent assessment of nucleotide sugar uptake by mass spectrometry. To address the limitation of substrate availability, we also developed a two-step reaction for the enzymatic synthesis of UDP-l-rhamnose (Rha) by expressing the two active domains of the Arabidopsis UDP-l-Rha synthase. The liposome approach and the newly synthesized substrates were used to analyze a clade of Arabidopsis NSTs, resulting in the identification and characterization of six bifunctional UDP-l-Rha/UDP-d-galactose (Gal) transporters (URGTs). Further analysis of loss-of-function and overexpression plants for two of these URGTs supported their roles in the transport of UDP-l-Rha and UDP-d-Gal for matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis.
authors: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94702;
authors: Carsten
authors: C
authors: Rautengarten
authors: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94702;Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, C 1871, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors: Berit
authors: B
authors: Ebert
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Moreno
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Temple
authors: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94702;
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Herter
authors: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Link
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Doñas-Cofré
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;
authors: Adrián
authors: A
authors: Moreno
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Saéz-Aguayo
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;
authors: Francisca
authors: F
authors: Blanco
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom; and.
authors: Jennifer C
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-636X
authors: JC
authors: Mortimer
authors: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Schultink
authors: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;
authors: Wolf-Dieter
authors: WD
authors: Reiter
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom; and.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Dupree
authors: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Pauly
authors: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94702;
authors: Joshua L
authors: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2080-3826
authors: JL
authors: Heazlewood
authors: Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94702;Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 hscheller@lbl.gov aorellana@unab.cl.
authors: Henrik V
authors: HV
authors: Scheller
authors: Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile;Fondo de Areas Prioritarias Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago RM 8370146, Chile; hscheller@lbl.gov aorellana@unab.cl.
authors: Ariel
authors: A
authors: Orellana
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005810:Multigene Family; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099237:UDP-Galactose Translocators
chemical_list: D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D010368:Pectins; D011510:Proteolipids; D012210:Rhamnose; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose; D000099237:UDP-Galactose Translocators; C020485:proteoliposomes
keywords: galactan; glycan biosynthesis; membrane transport; proteoliposomes