title: Motor performance after neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a longitudinal evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess longitudinally children's motor performance 5 to 12 years after neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to evaluate associations between clinical characteristics and motor performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-four neonatal ECMO survivors in the Netherlands were tested with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children at 5, 8, and/or 12 years. Percentile scores were transformed to z scores for longitudinal evaluation (norm population mean = 0 and SD = 1). Primary diagnoses: meconium aspiration syndrome (n = 137), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 49), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (n = 36), other diagnoses (n = 32).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred fifty-six tests were analyzed. At 5, 8, and 12 years motor performance was normal in 73.7, 74.8, and 40.5%, respectively (vs 85% expected based on reference values; P < .001 at all ages). In longitudinal analyses mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) z scores were -0.42 (-0.55 to -0.28), -0.25 (-0.40 to -0.10) and -1.00 (-1.26 to -0.75) at 5, 8, and 12 years, respectively. Mean score at 8 years was significantly higher than at 5 years (difference 0.16, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.30), and mean score at 12 years was significantly lower than at both other ages (differences -0.59 and -0.75; 95% CI -0.33 to -0.84 and -0.49 to -1.00, respectively). Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia encountered problems at all ages. The presence of chronic lung disease was negatively related with outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motor problems in neonatal ECMO survivors persist throughout childhood and become more obvious with time.
authors: Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, and.
authors: Monique H M
authors: MH
authors: van der Cammen-van Zijp
authors: Departments of Rehabilitation, Pediatric Physical Therapy, and.
authors: Anjo J W M
authors: AJ
authors: Janssen
authors: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands;
authors: Marlou Ma
authors: MM
authors: Raets
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Joost
authors: J
authors: van Rosmalen
authors: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands;
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Govaert
authors: Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; and.
authors: Katerina
authors: K
authors: Steiner
authors: Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery.
authors: Saskia J
authors: SJ
authors: Gischler
authors: Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery.
authors: Dick
authors: D
authors: Tibboel
authors: Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; and.
authors: Arno F J
authors: AF
authors: van Heijst
authors: Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, h.ijsselstijn@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Hanneke
authors: H
authors: IJsselstijn
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills
keywords: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; follow-up; longitudinal; motor performance; neonatal