title: Injectable self-gelling composites for bone tissue engineering based on gellan gum hydrogel enriched with different bioglasses.
abstract: Hydrogels of biocompatible calcium-crosslinkable polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) were enriched with bioglass particles to enhance (i) mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP); (ii) antibacterial properties and (iii) growth of bone-forming cells for future bone regeneration applications. Three bioglasses were compared, namely one calcium-rich and one calcium-poor preparation both produced by a sol-gel technique (hereafter referred to as A2 and S2, respectively) and one preparation of composition close to that of the commonly used 45S5 type (hereafter referred to as NBG). Incubation in SBF for 7 d, 14 d and 21 d caused apatite formation in bioglass-containing but not in bioglass-free samples, as confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, ICP-OES, and measurements of dry mass, i.e. mass attributable to polymer and mineral and not water. Mechanical testing revealed an increase in compressive modulus in samples containing S2 and NBG but not A2. Antibacterial testing using biofilm-forming meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed markedly higher antibacterial activity of samples containing A2 and S2 than samples containing NBG and bioglass-free samples. Cell biological characterization using rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) revealed a stimulatory effect of NBG on rMSC differentiation. The addition of bioglass thus promotes GG mineralizability and, depending on bioglass type, antibacterial properties and rMSC differentiation.
authors: Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Timothy E L
authors: TE
authors: Douglas
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Piwowarczyk
authors: Elzbieta
authors: E
authors: Pamula
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Liskova
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Schaubroeck
authors: Sander C G
authors: SC
authors: Leeuwenburgh
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Brackman
authors: Lieve
authors: L
authors: Balcaen
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Detsch
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Declercq
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Cholewa-Kowalska
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Dokupil
authors: Vincent M J I
authors: VM
authors: Cuijpers
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Vanhaecke
authors: Ria
authors: R
authors: Cornelissen
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Coenye
authors: Aldo R
authors: AR
authors: Boccaccini
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Dubruel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D044367:Phase Transition; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C022107:Bioglass; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C048288:gellan gum; C020243:calcium phosphate