title: Hyponatremia as a fall predictor in a geriatric trauma population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately one in three older adults fall each year, resulting in a significant proportion of geriatric traumatic injuries. In a hospital with a focus on geriatric fall prevention, we sought to characterize this population to develop targeted interventions. As mild hyponatremia, defined as a serum sodium <135meq/L, has been reported to be associated with falls, unsteadiness and attention deficits, we hypothesized that hyponatremia is associated with falls in our geriatric trauma population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gender, age, pre-existing conditions (cardiac disease, diabetes, hematologic disorder, liver disease, malignancy, musculoskeletal disorder, neurological disorder, obesity, psychiatric disorder, pulmonary disease, renal disease, thyroid disease), mechanism of injury and admitting serum sodium level were queried for all geriatric trauma admissions from 2008 to 2011. Mechanism of injury was coded as falls admissions and non-falls admissions. Admitting serum sodium levels were coded as hyponatremic (<135mmol/L) and not hyponatremic (≥135mmol/L).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2370 geriatric trauma admissions during the study period, there were 1841 (77.7%) falls admissions and 293 (12.4%) patients who were hyponatremic. Gender, age, neurological disorder, hematologic disorder, and hyponatremia were found to be significant predictors of falls in both univariate and multivariable analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyponatremic patients are significantly more likely to be admitted for a fall than non-hyponatremic patients, when adjusting for age, neurological disorder, and hematologic disorder. Consequently, hyponatremia identification and management should be an integral part of any geriatric trauma fall prevention programme. Additionally, if hyponatremia is found during a geriatric fall workup, it should be corrected prior to discharge and closely monitored by a primary care physician to prevent recurrent episodes of falls.
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States. Electronic address: kr061@lghealth.org.
authors: Katelyn J
authors: KJ
authors: Rittenhouse
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States.
authors: Tuc
authors: T
authors: To
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States.
authors: Amelia
authors: A
authors: Rogers
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Wu
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Horst
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States.
authors: Mathew
authors: M
authors: Edavettal
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States.
authors: Jo Ann
authors: JA
authors: Miller
authors: Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA, United States. Electronic address: frogers2@lghealth.org.
authors: Frederick B
authors: FB
authors: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010343:Patient Admission; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Fall; Hyponatremia; Trauma