title: Genetic organization of interphase chromosome bands and interbands in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes display specific banding pattern; the underlying genetic organization of this pattern has remained elusive for many years. In the present paper, we analyze 32 cytology-mapped polytene chromosome interbands. We estimated molecular locations of these interbands, described their molecular and genetic organization and demonstrate that polytene chromosome interbands contain the 5' ends of housekeeping genes. As a rule, interbands display preferential "head-to-head" orientation of genes. They are enriched for "broad" class promoters characteristic of housekeeping genes and associate with open chromatin proteins and Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) components. In two regions, 10A and 100B, coding sequences of genes whose 5'-ends reside in interbands map to constantly loosely compacted, early-replicating, so-called "grey" bands. Comparison of expression patterns of genes mapping to late-replicating dense bands vs genes whose promoter regions map to interbands shows that the former are generally tissue-specific, whereas the latter are represented by ubiquitously active genes. Analysis of RNA-seq data (modENCODE-FlyBase) indicates that transcripts from interband-mapping genes are present in most tissues and cell lines studied, across most developmental stages and upon various treatment conditions. We developed a special algorithm to computationally process protein localization data generated by the modENCODE project and show that Drosophila genome has about 5700 sites that demonstrate all the features shared by the interbands cytologically mapped to date.
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Igor F
authors: IF
authors: Zhimulev
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Tatyana Yu
authors: TY
authors: Zykova
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Fyodor P
authors: FP
authors: Goncharov
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Varvara A
authors: VA
authors: Khoroshko
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Olga V
authors: OV
authors: Demakova
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Valeriy F
authors: VF
authors: Semeshin
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Galina V
authors: GV
authors: Pokholkova
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Lidiya V
authors: LV
authors: Boldyreva
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Darya S
authors: DS
authors: Demidova
authors: Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Vladimir N
authors: VN
authors: Babenko
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Sergey A
authors: SA
authors: Demakov
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors: Elena S
authors: ES
authors: Belyaeva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D007399:Interphase; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D059007:Polytene Chromosomes
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones