title: The biofilm mode of life boosts the anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus.
abstract: The predominant form of life for microorganisms in their natural habitats is the biofilm mode of growth. The adherence and colonization of probiotic bacteria are considered as essential factors for their immunoregulatory function in the host. Here, we show that Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 adheres to and colonizes the gut of zebrafish larvae. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of macrophages were low when inflammation was induced in probiotic-fed animals, suggesting that these bacteria have anti-inflammatory properties. We treated human macrophage-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cells with supernatants of L. casei ATCC334 grown in either biofilm or planktonic cultures. TNF-α production was suppressed and the NF-κB pathway was inhibited only in the presence of supernatants from biofilms. We identified GroEL as the biofilm supernatant compound responsible, at least partially, for this anti-inflammatory effect. Gradual immunodepletion of GroEL demonstrated that the abundance of GroEL and TNF-α were inversely correlated. We confirmed that biofilm development in other Lactobacillus species affects the immune response. The biofilms supernatants of these species also contained large amounts of GroEL. Thus, our results demonstrate that the biofilm enhances the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus sp. and that secreted GroEL is involved in this beneficial effect.
authors: UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors: Aurélie
authors: A
authors: Rieu
authors: Nabil
authors: N
authors: Aoudia
authors: Gaëtan
authors: G
authors: Jego
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Chluba
authors: Nadhir
authors: N
authors: Yousfi
authors: Romain
authors: R
authors: Briandet
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Deschamps
authors: Benoît
authors: B
authors: Gasquet
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Monedero
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Garrido
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Guzzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002460:Cell Line; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha