title: Association of serum leptin and ghrelin with depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin and ghrelin have been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depression. However, evidence is lacking among apparently healthy people. This study examined the relationship of these appetite hormones to depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 among 497 Japanese employees (287 men and 210 women) aged 20-68 years. Fasting serum leptin and ghrelin levels were measured using a Luminex suspension bead-based multiplexed array. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depressive symptoms with adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥16) was 26.5% and 33.3% among men and women, respectively. Women in the middle and highest tertiles of leptin levels showed lower odds for depressive symptoms compared with those in the lowest level, although the trend association was not statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.14). Higher ghrelin levels were associated with increased odds for depressive symptoms in women (Ptrend = 0.02). The multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI) of having depressive symptoms for the lowest through highest tertiles of ghrelin levels were 1.00 (reference), 1.71 (0.76 - 3.86), and 2.69 (1.16 - 6.28), respectively. Neither leptin nor ghrelin was associated with depressive symptoms in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that lower leptin and higher ghrelin levels may be related to higher prevalence of depressive status among Japanese women.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, 162-8655 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. samimarub@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors: Shamima
authors: S
authors: Akter
authors: Ngoc Minh
authors: NM
authors: Pham
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Nanri
authors: Kayo
authors: K
authors: Kurotani
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Kuwahara
authors: Felice N
authors: FN
authors: Jacka
authors: Kazuki
authors: K
authors: Yasuda
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Sato
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Mizoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin