title: Synergistic effect of fadrozole and insulin-like growth factor-I on female-to-male sex reversal and body weight of broiler chicks.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Fadrozole hydrochloride and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) on female-to-male sex reversal, hatching traits, and body weight of broiler chickens. On the third day of incubation, fertile eggs were randomly assigned to five experimental groups comprising (i) Fadrozole (0.1 mg/egg), (ii) rhIGF-I (100 ng/egg), (iii) Fadrozole (0.1 mg/egg) + rhIGF-I (100 ng/egg), (iv) vehicle injection (10 mM acetic acid and 0.1% BSA), and (v) non-injected eggs. Eggs in the rhIGF-I-injected groups showed the mode of hatching time at the 480th hour of incubation, 12 hours earlier compared to the other groups, with no statistically significant difference in mortality and hatchability. On Day 1 and 42 of production, 90% of genetically female chicks were masculinized using Fadrozole treatment, while 100% female-to-male phenotypic sex reversal was observed in the Fadrozole+rhIGF-I group. Fadrozole equalized the body weight of both genders, although rhIGF-I was effective on the body weight of male chicks only. Interestingly, combined rhIGF-I and Fadrozole could increase the body weight in both sexes compared to the individual injections (P<0.05). These findings revealed that (i) IGF-I-treated chicken embryos were shown to be an effective option for overcoming the very long chicken deprivation period, (ii) the simultaneous treatment with Fadrozole and IGF-I could maximize the female-to-male sex reversal chance, (iii) the increase in the body weight of masculinized chickens via Fadrozole could be equal to their genetically male counterparts, and (iv) the IGF-I effectiveness, specifically along with the application of aromatase inhibitors in female chicks, indicates that estrogen synthesis could be a stumbling block for the IGF-I action mechanism in female embryos.
authors: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Mohammadrezaei
authors: Department of Animal Science, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Majid
authors: M
authors: Toghyani
authors: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan Research Center for Natural Resources and Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Abbasali
authors: A
authors: Gheisari
authors: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Toghyani
authors: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Shahin
authors: S
authors: Eghbalsaied
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens; D004357:Drug Synergism; D017316:Fadrozole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017316:Fadrozole