title: Historical Overview of the Effect of β-Adrenergic Agonists on Beef Cattle Production.
abstract: Postnatal muscle hypertrophy of beef cattle is the result of enhanced myofibrillar protein synthesis and reduced protein turnover. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been studied in cattle fed β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA), which are receptor-mediated enhancers of protein synthesis and inhibitors of protein degradation. Feeding β-AA to beef cattle increases longissimus muscle cross-sectional area 6% to 40% compared to non-treated cattle. The β-AA have been reported to improve live animal performance, including average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Treatment with β-AA increased mRNA concentration of the β 2 or β 1-adrenergic receptor and myosin heavy chain IIX in bovine skeletal muscle tissue. This review will examine the effects of skeletal muscle and adipose development with β-AA, and will interpret how the use of β-AA affects performance, body composition, and growth in beef cattle.
authors: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA .
authors: Bradley J
authors: BJ
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA .
authors: Stephen B
authors: SB
authors: Smith
authors: Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 232-950, Korea .
authors: Ki Yong
authors: KY
authors: Chung
keywords: Beef Cattle; Skeletal Muscle; β-Adrenergic Agonists