title: Molecular phylogeny of trematodes in Family Heterophyidae based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze a phylogenetic tree for understanding the molecular systematic of trematode in Family Heterophyidae, which are highly distributed in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on thirteen sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI) gene from six genera of heterophyid trematodes, viz. Haplorchis, Stellantchasmus, Centrocestus, Metagonimus, Pygidopsis, and Haplorchoides were aligned automatically using the Clustal × 2.0 program. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by maximum likeinghood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods, with 1 000 bootstrap using the 5.0 program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phylogenetic relationship from both methods was similar and separated into three groups consisting of Haplorchoides pumilio group, Haplorchoides taichui group and another heterophyid genera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sequence data of mtCOI can be used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of trematodes at the genus level. Each clade of different genera of heterophyid trematodes can be separated into sister groups that correlated with the morphological characteristic, kind of secondary intermediate host and geographic distribution.
authors: Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Thapana
authors: T
authors: Chontananarth
authors: Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Electronic address: wchalobol@yahoo.com.
authors: Chalobol
authors: C
authors: Wongsawad
authors: Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors: Siriwadee
authors: S
authors: Chomdej
authors: Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
authors: Duangduen
authors: D
authors: Krailas
authors: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jong Yil
authors: JY
authors: Chai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D005399:Fishes / Q000469:parasitology; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006578:Heterophyidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Heterophyidae; Phylogenetic relationship; mCOI