title: Development and validation of the diabetes adolescent problem solving questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Problem solving is a critical diabetes self-management skill. Because of a lack of clinically feasible measures, our aim was to develop and validate a self-report self-management problem solving questionnaire for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary team of diabetes experts generated questionnaire items that addressed diabetes self-management problem solving. Iterative feedback from parents and adolescents resulted in 27 items. Adolescents from two studies (N=156) aged 13-17 were recruited through a pediatric diabetes clinic and completed measures through an online survey. Glycemic control was measured by HbA1c recorded in the medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Empirical elimination of items using principal components analyses resulted in a 13-item unidimensional measure, the diabetes adolescent problem solving questionnaire (DAPSQ) that explained 56% of the variance. The DAPSQ demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.92) and was correlated with diabetes self-management (r=0.53, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=0.54, p<.001), and glycemic control (r=-0.24, p<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DAPSQ is a brief instrument for assessment of diabetes self-management problem solving in youth with T1D and is associated with better self-management behaviors and glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DAPSQ is a clinically feasible self-report measure that can provide valuable information regarding level of self-management problem solving and guide patient education.
authors: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: shelagh.mulvaney@vanderbilt.edu.
authors: Shelagh A
authors: SA
authors: Mulvaney
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Sarah S
authors: SS
authors: Jaser
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Russell L
authors: RL
authors: Rothman
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: William E
authors: WE
authors: Russell
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Pittel
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Cindy
authors: C
authors: Lybarger
authors: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: Kenneth A
authors: KA
authors: Wallston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D019468:Disease Management; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Adolescent; Assessment; Glycemic control; Problem solving; Self-management; Type 1 diabetes