title: Full-length genome analyses of two new simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains from mustached monkeys (C. Cephus) in Gabon illustrate a complex evolutionary history among the SIVmus/mon/gsn lineage.
abstract: The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) mus/mon/gsn lineage is a descendant of one of the precursor viruses to the HIV-1/SIVcpz/gor viral lineage. SIVmus and SIVgsn were sequenced from mustached and greater spot nosed monkeys in Cameroon and SIVmon from mona monkeys in Cameroon and Nigeria. In order to further document the genetic diversity of SIVmus, we analyzed two full-length genomes of new strains identified in Gabon. The whole genomes obtained showed the expected reading frames for gag, pol, vif, vpr, tat, rev, env, nef, and also for a vpu gene. Analyses showed that the Gabonese SIVmus strains were closely related and formed a monophyletic clade within the SIVmus/mon/gsn lineage. Nonetheless, within this lineage, the position of both new SIVmus differed according to the gene analyzed. In pol and nef gene, phylogenetic topologies suggested different evolutions for each of the two new SIVmus strains whereas in the other nucleic fragments studied, their positions fluctuated between SIVmon, SIVmus-1, and SIVgsn. In addition, in C1 domain of env, we identified an insertion of seven amino acids characteristic for the SIVmus/mon/gsn and HIV‑1/SIVcpz/SIVgor lineages. Our results show a high genetic diversity of SIVmus in mustached monkeys and suggest cross-species transmission events and recombination within SIVmus/mon/gsn lineage. Additionally, in Central Africa, hunters continue to be exposed to these simian viruses, and this represents a potential threat to humans.
authors: UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier 34396, France. florian.liegeois@ird.fr.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Liégeois
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK. fs335@cam.ac.uk.
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Schmidt
authors: UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier 34396, France. svetnina@yahoo.fr.
authors: Vanina
authors: V
authors: Boué
authors: UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier 34396, France. christelle.butel@ird.fr.
authors: Christelle
authors: C
authors: Butel
authors: UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier 34396, France. fatima.mouacha@ird.fr.
authors: Fatima
authors: F
authors: Mouacha
authors: Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville BP 769, Gabon. paul_ngari@yahoo.fr.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Ngari
authors: Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville BP 769, Gabon. mvebertrand2000@yahoo.fr.
authors: Bertrand Mve
authors: BM
authors: Ondo
authors: Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville BP 769, Gabon. eric.leroy@ird.fr.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Leroy
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK. jlh66@cam.ac.uk.
authors: Jonathan L
authors: JL
authors: Heeney
authors: UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier 34396, France. eric.delaporte@ird.fr.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Delaporte
authors: UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I, Montpellier 34396, France. martine.peeters@ird.fr.
authors: Martine
authors: M
authors: Peeters
authors: Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville BP 769, Gabon. frouet@pasteur-kh.org.
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Rouet
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002521:Cercopithecus / Q000821:virology*; D005681:Gabon; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins