title: Cytoskeleton dynamics in the retina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytoskeleton is one of the essential forms of protein, important in the existence of both eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic cells. Its transformation plays a vital role in cell division and intracellular transportation by facilitating intracellular vesicular traffic. Among the various tissue types in the body, the neural tissue exhibits the maximum heterogeneity, and hence the role of cytoskeleton at both developmental and functional levels becomes paramount. Cytoskeleton dynamics have been established in the neural physiology, but only at the level of axonal development and growth. Retina has not been adequately studied in the context of cytoskeletal proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the last 10 years of literature with reference to the development, growth, degeneration, and regeneration of the retina and the role of cytoskeleton in each aspect. We have focused on various changes that the retina undergoes at the cytosolic and cytoskeletal levels in the course of degeneration as well as regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For this review, we compiled research articles pertaining to the role of cytoskeletal and other associated proteins involved in development of retina, which used various animal models. The effect of SNPs in the cytoskeletal proteins and their impact in retinal degeneration is also discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies describing the role of cytoskeleton in the anatomy and physiology of retina and its layers, although they are few, collectively provide an opportunity to understand retinal development in the context of cytoskeleton dynamics.
authors: Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors: Akshay
authors: A
authors: Anand
authors: Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors: Sridhar
authors: S
authors: Bammidi
authors: Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors: Parul
authors: P
authors: Bali
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins