title: The effects of a semi-rigid brace or taping on talocrural and subtalar kinematics in chronic ankle instability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A semi-rigid brace or taping is often used to prevent giving-ways in the joint with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, it remains unknown whether the application of a semi-rigid brace or taping modifies abnormal kinematics in CAI joints. The objective of this study was to determine if the application of a semi-rigid brace or taping of the ankle normalizes abnormal weight-bearing kinematics in CAI joints during ankle internal rotation in plantar flexion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 male patients with unilateral CAI (mean age 21.1 ± 2.5 years) were enrolled. Three-dimensional bone models created from the computed tomography images were matched to the fluoroscopic images to compute the 6 degrees-of-freedom talocrural, subtalar, and ankle joint complex (AJC) kinematics for the healthy and contralateral CAI joints, as well as for CAI joints with a brace or taping. Selected outcome measures were talocrural anterior translation, talocrural internal rotation, and subtalar internal rotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in talocrural anterior translation and internal rotation induced by applying either a semi-rigid brace or taping (P > .05). For subtalar internal rotation, there was a tendency toward restoration of normal kinematics in CAI joints after applying a semi-rigid brace or taping. However, the difference was not significant (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of a semi-rigid brace or taping had limited effects on the CAI joint during weight-bearing ankle internal rotation in plantar flexion. Further studies using a variety of testing conditions should be conducted in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, Level IV: Cross-Sectional Case Series.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Takumi
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Saka
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Eiichi
authors: E
authors: Suzuki
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Naohito
authors: N
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Suzukawa
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Akaike
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS).
authors: Kuniaki
authors: K
authors: Shimizu
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Hokkaido, Japan (TK)Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Masayuki Saka, KG)Department of Orthopaedics, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (ES)Department of Medical Radiation, Kanagawa Prefectural Shiomidai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (NY)Department of Rehabilitation, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (Makoto Suzukawa)Department of Orthopaedics, Yokohama Sports Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan (AA, KS) kazgamada@ortho-pt.com.
authors: Kazuyoshi
authors: K
authors: Gamada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055052:Athletic Tape; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001915:Braces; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004867:Equipment Design; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: chronic ankle instability; semi-rigid brace; subtalar joint kinematics; talocrural joint kinematics; taping