title: 20 years of leptin: role of leptin in human reproductive disorders.
abstract: Leptin, as a key hormone in energy homeostasis, regulates neuroendocrine function, including reproduction. It has a permissive role in the initiation of puberty and maintenance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This is notable in patients with either congenital or acquired leptin deficiency from a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Hypothalamic amenorrhea is the best-studied, with clinical trials confirming a causative role of leptin in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Implications of leptin deficiency have also emerged in the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in type 1 diabetes. At the other end of the spectrum, hyperleptinemia may play a role in hypogonadism associated with obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. In these conditions of energy excess, mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction include central leptin resistance as well as direct effects at the gonadal level. Thus, reproductive dysfunction due to energy imbalance at both ends can be linked to leptin.
authors: Section of Adult and Pediatric EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USADivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, FD-876, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USASection of EndocrinologyBoston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Sharon H
authors: SH
authors: Chou
authors: Section of Adult and Pediatric EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USADivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, FD-876, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USASection of EndocrinologyBoston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Section of Adult and Pediatric EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USADivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, FD-876, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USASection of EndocrinologyBoston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA cmantzor@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Mantzoros
mesh_terms: D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin
keywords: leptin; metabolism; neuroendocrinology; reproduction