title: Impedance Biosensors: Applications to Sustainability and Remaining Technical Challenges.
abstract: Due to their all-electrical nature, impedance biosensors have significant potential for use as simple and portable sensors for environmental studies and environmental monitoring. Detection of two endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), norfluoxetine and BDE-47, is reported here by impedance biosensing, with a detection limit of 8.5 and 1.3 ng/mL for norfluoxetine and BDE-47, respectively. Although impedance biosensors have been widely studied in the academic literature, commercial applications have been hindered by several technical limitations, including possible limitations to small analytes, the complexity of impedance detection, susceptibility to nonspecific adsorption, and stability of biomolecule immobilization. Recent research into methods to overcome these obstacles is briefly reviewed. New results demonstrating antibody regeneration atop degenerate (highly doped) Si are also reported. Using 0.2 M KSCN and 10 mM HF for antibody regeneration, peanut protein Ara h 1 is detected daily during a 30 day trial.
authors: Materials Science and Engineering, Clarkson University , Potsdam, New York 13699, United States.
authors: Rajeswaran
authors: R
authors: Radhakrishnan
authors: Materials Technology Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States.
authors: Ian I
authors: II
authors: Suni
authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors: Candace S
authors: CS
authors: Bever
authors: Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors: Bruce D
authors: BD
authors: Hammock
keywords: Biosensors; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Nanotechnology; Sustainability