title: Serum choline plasmalogens-those with oleic acid in sn-2-are biomarkers for coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying risk factors is crucial for preventing cardiovascular events, but there are no widely accepted predictive biomarkers. In our previous study of Japanese asymptomatic cohorts, we performed global analysis of serum ether glycerophospholipids (Egp) molecular profiles, and found that choline plasmalogens (PlsCho; 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), particularly those containing oleic acid (18:1) in the sn-2 position, were strongly associated with a wide range of risk factors for metabolic syndrome/atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined serum concentrations of Egp molecular species of coronary artery disease patients (n=50; 31 males and 19 females) by LC/MS/MS, and plasmalogen (Pls; 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerophospholipids) contents in lipoprotein fractions by HPLC using radioactive iodine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the serum concentrations of ether choline glycerophospholipids (EgpCho), particularly PlsCho, were not only significantly lower in males with significant coronary stenosis but also associated with atherosclerosis-related parameters, and their association was stronger than either high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or adiponectin. In addition, serum PlsCho containing 18:1 or linoleic acid (18:2) in sn-2 showed the highest correlations with a wide range of atherogenic parameters among PlsCho molecular species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results verify our previous findings that serum PlsCho, particularly those containing 18:1 in sn-2, may serve as reliable biomarkers for atherosclerosis.
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
authors: Megumi
authors: M
authors: Nishimukai
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan. Electronic address: maeba@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp.
authors: Ryouta
authors: R
authors: Maeba
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Ikuta
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Naoya
authors: N
authors: Asakawa
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Kiwamu
authors: K
authors: Kamiya
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Yamada
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Yokota
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Sakakibara
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Tsutsui
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Sakurai
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Takahashi
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
authors: Shu-Ping
authors: SP
authors: Hui
authors: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Chiba
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
authors: Tomoki
authors: T
authors: Okazaki
authors: Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Hara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D010955:Plasmalogens / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010955:Plasmalogens; C032459:choline plasmalogens; D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: Choline plasmalogen; Coronary artery disease; Ether glycerophospholipid; LC/MS/MS; Plasmalogen; Significant coronary stenosis