title: Novel techniques for gastric variceal obliteration.
abstract: Acute hemorrhage related to gastric varices (GV) is more severe and often more difficult to immediately treat upon detection, leading to a poorer patient prognosis, as compared to esophageal variceal bleeding. Currently, the recommended treatment of bleeding GV is endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement for endoscopic failures. Newer endoscopic (e.g. hemospray) and endosonographic (e.g. coil injection, glue obliteration, or combined coil and glue injection) techniques have been developed to offer an alternative treatment and improve patient outcome. The present article serves to review the endoscopic, endosonographic, and interventional radiological techniques used to treat GV and their clinical applications.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
authors: Larissa L
authors: LL
authors: Fujii-Lau
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Law
authors: Louis M
authors: LM
authors: Wong Kee Song
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Levy
mesh_terms: D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates
keywords: coil; cyanoacrylate; endosonography; esophageal varices; gastric varices