title: The depression in women in pregnancy and postpartum period: A follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was a follow-up study to determine postpartum depression (PPD) and its causes in a population previously evaluated in the first trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of pregnant women who were evaluated in the first trimester and 360 women who were re-evaluated in the postpartum period. Detailed sociodemographic data were obtained from the women, and depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale (EPDS) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I Disorders (SCID-I).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this follow-up study, the prevalence of PPD was 35% (n = 126). A depressive disorder in the first trimester of pregnancy, previous mental disorder, somatic disorder, exposure to domestic violence during pregnancy, baby's staying in the incubator and not breastfeeding were predictors of PPD. Exposure to violence and a history of previous depression predicted depression both in pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression rates are high in Eastern Turkey. Exposure to violence during pregnancy and the existence of a previous mental disorder were risk factors for perinatal depression in this study. Performing screening tests can identify women at risk of pregnancy-related depression. Prevention programs should be established in areas where the prevalence of depression is high.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Bolge Treatment and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Tulay Sati
authors: TS
authors: Kirkan
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Bakırköy Mental and Neurologic Disease,Treatment and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Nazan
authors: N
authors: Aydin
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey dresrayazici@yahoo.com.
authors: Esra
authors: E
authors: Yazici
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Adana Mental and Neurologic Disease Treatment and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
authors: Puren Akcali
authors: PA
authors: Aslan
authors: Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Hamit
authors: H
authors: Acemoglu
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Mersin State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.
authors: Ali Gokhan
authors: AG
authors: Daloglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Erzurum; Turkey; mood; perinatal; postpartum; pregnancy; women