title: Protective effect of trehalose-loaded liposomes against UVB-induced photodamage in human keratinocytes.
abstract: Trehalose, a naturally occurring non-reducing disaccharide, is known to act as a major protein stabilizer that can reduce ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced corneal damage when topically applied to the eye. However, due to the low skin permeability of trehalose, which makes the development of topical formulations difficult, its use as a skin photoprotective agent has been limited. Previous findings demonstrated that liposomes may significantly improve the intracellular delivery of trehalose. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the protective effects of trehalose-loaded liposomes against UVB-induced photodamage using the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The effects were also compared to those of the common skin photoprotective compounds, including L-carnosine, L-(+)-ergothioneine, L-ascorbic acid and DL-α-tocopherol. The levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and protein carbonylation in HaCaT cells were used as biological markers of UVB-induced damage. Compared to other compounds, trehalose-loaded liposomes showed the highest efficacy in reducing the levels of the three markers following UVB irradiation of HaCaT cells (all P<0.001 when compared to each of the four other photoprotective compounds). Therefore, these findings indicate that there may be a clinical application for trehalose-loaded liposomes, and further studies should be performed to assess the potential usefulness in skin photoprotection and the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer.
authors: Living Research s.a.s., I-27038 Robbio, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Emanuele
authors: Living Research s.a.s., I-27038 Robbio, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Bertona
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain.
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Sanchis-Gomar
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain.
authors: Helios
authors: H
authors: Pareja-Galeano
authors: Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid 28041, Spain ; School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Universidad Europea Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Lucia
keywords: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; keratinocytes; protein carbonylation; trehalose; ultraviolet radiation