title: Deep sequencing extends the diversity of human papillomaviruses in human skin.
abstract: Most viruses in human skin are known to be human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Previous sequencing of skin samples has identified 273 different cutaneous HPV types, including 47 previously unknown types. In the present study, we wished to extend prior studies using deeper sequencing. This deeper sequencing without prior PCR of a pool of 142 whole genome amplified skin lesions identified 23 known HPV types, 3 novel putative HPV types and 4 non-HPV viruses. The complete sequence was obtained for one of the known putative types and almost the complete sequence was obtained for one of the novel putative types. In addition, sequencing of amplimers from HPV consensus PCR of 326 skin lesions detected 385 different HPV types, including 226 previously unknown putative types. In conclusion, metagenomic deep sequencing of human skin samples identified no less than 396 different HPV types in human skin, out of which 229 putative HPV types were previously unknown.
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
authors: Davit
authors: D
authors: Bzhalava
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
authors: Laila Sara Arroyo
authors: LS
authors: Mühr
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
authors: Camilla
authors: C
authors: Lagheden
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Ekström
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden.
authors: Ola
authors: O
authors: Forslund
authors: 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden [2] Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.
authors: Joakim
authors: J
authors: Dillner
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Hultin
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000821:virology; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000821:virology; D054892:Metagenome; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012867:Skin / Q000821:virology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral