title: Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri isolates from industrially raised pigs, cattle and broiler chickens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at assessing the epidemiology and genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri (MRSS) from different farm animal species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal swabs were collected from 200 pigs, 100 dairy cows, 100 beef cows, 150 veal calves and 200 broilers. Colonies were isolated on selective media containing cefoxitin and the mecA gene was detected by PCR. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by broth microdilution. The genetic diversity was assessed by PFGE and resistance and virulence genes were detected by microarray analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total MRSS prevalence at the animal level was estimated at 9.5%, varying from ∼10% in veal (13.3%), broilers (12.5%) and dairy cows (10.0%) to 6.5% in pigs and 3.0% in beef cows. mecA was detected in all isolates. SCCmec elements of type III and non-typeable ones were seen most frequently. More than 90% of isolates were non-wild-type (NWT) for gentamicin, penicillin, tiamulin, clindamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. The frequency of NWT isolates for fusidic acid and trimethoprim ranged between 78% and 87%. PFGE analysis allowed distinction between two major clusters. Most isolates tested by microarray carried erm and tet genes. Virulence genes were also detected, including an isa gene encoding an immune-evasion factor and the hsdS2 gene encoding a site-specific deoxyribonuclease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that multiresistant MRSS is carried by different farm animal species. Although some animals shared the same strain, PFGE showed different patterns, indicating high diversity among the MRSS isolates recovered. The absence of clusters associated with a certain animal species suggests low host specificity.
authors: Department of General Bacteriology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenbergstraat 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium snemegha@gmail.com.
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Nemeghaire
authors: Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Wannes
authors: W
authors: Vanderhaeghen
authors: Department of General Bacteriology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenbergstraat 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium.
authors: M Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Argudín
authors: Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Freddy
authors: F
authors: Haesebrouck
authors: Department of General Bacteriology, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenbergstraat 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Butaye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: PFGE; S. sciuri; SCCmec; antimicrobial resistance; coagulase-negative staphylococci; livestock; microarrays