title: Brain, liver, and serum salusin-alpha and -beta alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats with or without metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This metabolic syndrome (MetS) study was designed to investigate changes in expression of the neuropeptides salusin-α (Sal-α) and salusin-β (Sal-β) in brain and liver tissue in response to obesity and related changes induced by high-fructose diet and explored how these changes were reflected in the circulating levels of Sal-α and Sal-b, as well as revealing how the lipid profile and concentrations of glucose and uric acid were altered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 14 Sprague-Dawley rats. The control group was fed ad libitum on standard rat pellets, while the intervention group was given water with 10% fructose in addition to the standard rat pellet for 3 months. Sal-α and Sal-β concentrations in the serum and tissue supernatants were measured by ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate expression of the hormones in brain and liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sal-α and Sal-β levels in both the serum and the brain and liver tissue supernatants were lower in the MetS group than the control group. Sal-α and Sal-β were shown by immunohistochemistry to be produced in the brain epithelium, the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the liver hepatocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in Sal-α and Sal-β might be involved in the etiopathology of the metabolic syndrome induced by fructose.
authors: Atatürk Vocational School of Health Science, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
authors: Cihan
authors: C
authors: Citil
authors: Department of Biological Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey.
authors: Vahit
authors: V
authors: Konar
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors: Suleyman
authors: S
authors: Aydin
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors: Musa
authors: M
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Department of Brain Surgery, Elazig Education and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey.
authors: Serdal
authors: S
authors: Albayrak
authors: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors: Ibrahim Hanifi
authors: IH
authors: Ozercan
authors: Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine and Metabolism, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors: Yusuf
authors: Y
authors: Ozkan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005632:Fructose; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C528274:salusin-beta, rat; D005632:Fructose