title: Concise review: tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) display significant heterogeneity across tissue types, playing an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Recent work demonstrating the derivation of tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells (TS-MVECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has ignited the potential to generate tissue-specific models which may be applied to regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling applications. Here, we review techniques by which hPSC-derived TS-MVECs have been made to date and discuss how current hPSC-EC differentiation protocols may be directed toward tissue-specific fates. We begin by discussing the nature of EC tissue specificity in vivo and review general hPSC-EC differentiation protocols generated over the last decade. Finally, we describe how specificity can be integrated into hPSC-EC protocols to generate hPSC-derived TS-MVECs in vitro, including EC and parenchymal cell coculture, directed differentiation, and direct reprogramming strategies.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Hannah K
authors: HK
authors: Wilson
authors: Scott G
authors: SG
authors: Canfield
authors: Eric V
authors: EV
authors: Shusta
authors: Sean P
authors: SP
authors: Palecek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
keywords: Developmental biology; Differentiation; Endothelial differentiation; Pluripotent stem cells; Tissue Specificity; Vascular development