title: [Ultrasound measurement of fetal posterior fossa at 11 to 13⁺⁶ gestational weeks for screening open spina bifida].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the normal reference ranges of transabdominal ultrasound measurements of the posterior fossa structure in fetuses at 11 to 13⁺⁶ gestational weeks and explore their clinical value in screening open spina bifida (OSB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January, 2013 and September, 541 randomly selected normal fetuses underwent nuchal translucency at the gestational age 11 to 13⁺⁶ weeks. The parameters of the posterior fossa were measured in mid-sagittal view of the fetal face and the axial view of the transverse cerebellum insonated through the anterior fontanel by transabdominal ultrasound to establish the normal reference ranges. The measurements were obtained from 3 fetuses with OSB for comparison with the reference ranges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal fetuses, the parameters of the posterior fossa measured in the two views showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Two high echogenic lines were observed in normal fetuses, as compared with one in fetuses with OSB representing the posterior border of the brain stem and the anterior border of the fourth ventricle. The line between the posterior border of the fourth ventricle and the anterior border of the cisterna magna was not displayed in fetuses with OSB. The anteroposterior diameters of the brain stem, the fourth ventricle, and cisterna magna all increased in positive correlation with the crown-lump length in normal fetuses. In the 3 OSB fetuses, the anteroposterior diameter of the brain stem exceeded the 95th percentile and the anteroposterior diameter of fourth ventrical-cisterner magena was below the 5th percentile of the reference range for CRL; the brain stem to fourth ventrical-cisterner magena anteroposterior diameter ratio was increased to above 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established normal reference ranges of the parameters of fetal posterior fossa may provide assistance in early OSB detection. The absence of the posterior border of the fourth ventricle and the anterior border of the cisterna magna and a brainstem to fourth ventrical-cisterner magena anteroposterior diameter ratio greater than 1 can be indicative of OSB at 11 to 13⁺⁶ gestational weeks.
authors: Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518028, China. E-mail: msqin@163.com.
authors: Feng-Zhen
authors: FZ
authors: Qin
authors: Sheng-Li
authors: SL
authors: Li
authors: Hua-Xuan
authors: HX
authors: Wen
authors: Yu-Rong
authors: YR
authors: Ouyang
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Zheng
authors: Jing-Ru
authors: JR
authors: Bi
mesh_terms: D001933:Brain Stem; D002531:Cerebellum; D002946:Cisterna Magna; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior; D005260:Female; D020546:Fourth Ventricle; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D048208:Nuchal Translucency Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012016:Reference Values; D016137:Spina Bifida Cystica / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal