title: Effect of ozone on the performance of a hybrid ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon process.
abstract: Two hybrid processes including ozonation-ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon (BAC) (Process A) and ceramic membrane-BAC (Process B) were compared to treat polluted raw water. The performance of hybrid processes was evaluated with the removal efficiencies of turbidity, ammonia and organic matter. The results indicated that more than 99% of particle count was removed by both hybrid processes and ozonation had no significant effect on its removal. BAC filtration greatly improved the removal of ammonia. Increasing the dissolved oxygen to 30.0 mg/L could lead to a removal of ammonia with concentrations as high as 7.80 mg/L and 8.69 mg/L for Processes A and B, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of total organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254, a parameter indicating organic matter with aromatic structure) were 49% and 52% for Process A, 51% and 48% for Process B, respectively. Some organic matter was oxidized by ozone and this resulted in reduced membrane fouling and increased membrane flux by 25%-30%. However, pre-ozonation altered the components of the raw water and affected the microorganisms in the BAC, which may impact the removals of organic matter and nitrite negatively.
authors: Research Center for Environmental Engineering and Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: guojn08@163.com.
authors: Jianning
authors: J
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
authors: Jiangyong
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: Research Center for Environmental Engineering and Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Tao
authors: School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: Research Center for Environmental Engineering and Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: zhangxh@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors: Xihui
authors: X
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002244:Carbon; D002516:Ceramics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010126:Ozone; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: biological activated carbon; ceramic membrane; hybrid process; ozone