title: A novel dispersive micro solid phase extraction using zein nanoparticles as the sorbent combined with headspace solid phase micro-extraction to determine chlorophenols in water and honey samples by GC-ECD.
abstract: This study presents a new technique, dispersive micro solid phase extraction (DMSPE) combined with headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) for extraction and determination of chlorophenols (CPs) in water and honey samples using a Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Zein nanoparticles were made by liquid-liquid dispersion and applied for the first time as the sorbent phase in DMSPE. In the proposed DMSPE-HS-SPME method, 1% w/v of ethanolic zein solution was added to an aqueous sample and then a dose of the in-situ generated zein nanoparticles was applied to a pre-concentration of target analytes. Thermal desorption of analytes was performed after the isolating sorbent phase, and then HS-SPME was applied for enrichment prior to introducing to gas chromatography. All the important parameters influencing efficiency of the extraction process such effects of salt, pH, sorbent concentration, temperature, sorbent solution volume in DMSPE procedure, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and time in the HS-SPME procedure were investigated and optimized. Results showed that under optimum extraction conditions, detection limits (signal to noise ratio=3) were in the range of 0.08-0.6 ng mL(-1) and evaluations for relative standard deviations (RSDs %) were between 6.62% and 8.36%.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Electronic address: khalil.farhadi@yahoo.com.
authors: Khalil
authors: K
authors: Farhadi
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbijan Shahid Madani University, 53714-161 Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Amir Abbas
authors: AA
authors: Matin
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors: Hatam
authors: H
authors: Amanzadeh
authors: Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors: Pourya
authors: P
authors: Biparva
authors: Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Tajik
authors: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors: Amir Abbas
authors: AA
authors: Farshid
authors: Department of Environmental Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Pirkharrati
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015028:Zein / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D000431:Ethanol; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015028:Zein
keywords: Chlorophenols; Dispersive micro solid phase extraction; Headspace solid phase microextraction; Zein nanoparticles