title: Effect of Crude Protein Levels in Concentrate and Concentrate Levels in Diet on In vitro Fermentation.
abstract: The effect of concentrate mixtures with crude protein (CP) levels 10%, 13%, 16%, and 19% and diets with roughage to concentrate ratios 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80 (w/w) were determined on dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, and fermentation metabolites using an in vitro fermentation technique. In vitro fermented attributes were measured after 4, 24, and 48 h of incubation respectively. The digestibility of DM and OM, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) increased whereas pH decreased with the increased amount of concentrate in the diet (p<0.001), however CP levels of concentrate did not have any influence on these attributes. Gas production reduced with increased CP levels, while it increased with increasing concentrate levels. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration and microbial CP production increased significantly (p<0.05) by increasing CP levels and with increasing concentrate levels in diet as well, however, no significant difference was found between 16% and 19% CP levels. Therefore, 16% CP in concentrate and increasing proportion of concentrate up to 80% in diet all had improved digestibility of DM and organic matter, and higher microbial protein production, with improved fermentation characteristics.
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China ; Department of Technical Education, College of Education, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam .
authors: Dinh
authors: D
authors: Van Dung
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Shang
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Yao
keywords: Crude Protein; In vitro Gas Production; Roughage to Concentrate Ratio