title: Resveratrol induces luminal apoptosis of human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in three-dimensional culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported the crucial roles of oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in inhibiting apoptosis and disrupting cell polarity via the regulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) expression in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in three-dimensional cultures (3DC). Herein we evaluated the effects of resveratrol, a PDE4 inhibitor, on the luminal cavity formation and the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence using confocal laser scanning microscopy with an antibody against cleaved caspase-3 in HCT116 cells treated with or without resveratrol in a two-dimensional culture (2DC) or 3DC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resveratrol did not induce apoptosis of HCT116 cells in 2DC, whereas the number of apoptotic HCT116 cells increased after resveratrol treatment in 3DC, leading to formation of a luminal cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol induced apoptosis of HCT116 cells in 3DC, resulting in the formation of a luminal cavity, probably by inhibiting PDE4 activity.
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Tsunoda
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Shuhei
authors: S
authors: Ishikura
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Doi
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Matsuzaki
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Yuri
authors: Y
authors: Iwaihara
authors: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan sshirasa@fukuoka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Senji
authors: S
authors: Shirasawa
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: 3D culture; Resveratrol; colorectal cancer; luminal apoptosis; spheroid