title: Evolution of NO₂ levels in Spain from 1996 to 2012.
abstract: We report on the evolution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over Spain, focusing on the densely populated cities of Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Sevilla and Valencia, during 17 years, from 1996 to 2012. This data series combines observations from in-situ air quality monitoring networks and the satellite-based instruments GOME and SCIAMACHY. The results in these five cities show a smooth decrease in the NO2 concentrations of ~2% per year in the period 1996-2008, due to the implementation of emissions control environmental legislation, and a more abrupt descend of ~7% per year from 2008 to 2012 as a consequence of the economic recession. In the whole Spanish territory the NO2 levels have decreased by ~22% from 1996 to 2012. Statistical analysis of several economic indicators is used to investigate the different factors driving the NO2 concentration trends over Spain during the last two decades.
authors: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group. Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Cuevas
authors: Departamento de Química Física. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Notario
authors: Atmospheric Sounding Station-El Arenosillo. National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch. Mazagón-Huelva, Spain.
authors: José Antonio
authors: JA
authors: Adame
authors: Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Hilboll
authors: Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Richter
authors: Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Burrows
authors: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group. Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Saiz-Lopez