title: Effects of age and gender on right ventricular systolic and diastolic function using two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate assessment of the right ventricle is increasingly important. Measures of right ventricular (RV) systolic function, including fractional area change, tissue Doppler (s' velocity), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, show significant variation, and the impacts of age and gender are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gender and age on global and segmental RV systolic and diastolic function using both traditional echocardiographic and two-dimensional strain parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed on 142 healthy adult volunteers, with particular emphasis on the right ventricle to determine RV dimensions and function, including fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, s' velocity, global and segmental systolic strain, and systolic, early diastolic, and late diastolic strain rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (r = -0.4, P < .001) and RV s' velocity (r = -0.5, P < .001) as well as diastolic functional parameters, including transtricuspid peak E velocity and RV free wall e' velocity (r = -0.4, P < .001), decreased with age. Global systolic strain was also reduced, with differential reductions in basal and mid segmental strain with age. Early diastolic strain rate decreased, with a corresponding increase in late diastolic strain rate. RV function parameters, including fractional area change, e' velocity, strain, and strain rate, were significantly lower in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RV functional analysis by two-dimensional strain demonstrates a small yet significant change in global and segmental RV function with age and gender, and therefore adjustment for these measures is required in the evaluation of RV function.
authors: Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Ee-May
authors: EM
authors: Chia
authors: Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Calvin Hc
authors: CH
authors: Hsieh
authors: Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Boyd
authors: Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Phuong
authors: P
authors: Pham
authors: Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Vidaic
authors: Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Dominic
authors: D
authors: Leung
authors: Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: l.thomas@unsw.edu.au.
authors: Liza
authors: L
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Age; Gender; Right ventricle; Strain