title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately one-third of the adult U.S. population has the metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence is the highest among Hispanic adults, but variation by Hispanic/Latino background is unknown. Our objective was to quantify the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among men and women 18-74 years of age of diverse Hispanic/Latino background.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-stage area probability sample of households in four U.S. locales, yielding 16,319 adults (52% women) who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, or South American. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2009 Joint Scientific Statement. The main outcome measures were age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome per the harmonized American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute definition and its component abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metabolic syndrome was present in 36% of women and 34% of men. Differences in the age-standardized prevalence were seen by age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among those 18-44, 45-64, and 65-74 years of age was 23%, 50%, and 62%, respectively, among women; and 25%, 43%, and 55%, respectively, among men. Among women, the metabolic syndrome prevalence ranged from 27% in South Americans to 41% in Puerto Ricans. Among men, prevalences ranged from 27% in South Americans to 35% in Cubans. In those with the metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity was present in 96% of the women compared with 73% of the men; more men (73%) than women (62%) had hyperglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of cardiometabolic abnormalities is high in Hispanic/Latinos but varies by age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background. Hispanics/Latinos are thus at increased, but modifiable, predicted lifetime risk of diabetes and its cardiovascular sequelae.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC gerardo_heiss@unc.edu.
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Heiss
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Snyder
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Teng
authors: Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Schneiderman
authors: Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
authors: Maria M
authors: MM
authors: Llabre
authors: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Cowie
authors: Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Carnethon
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Kaplan
authors: Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors: Aida
authors: A
authors: Giachello
authors: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Gallo
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Loehr
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors: Larissa
authors: L
authors: Avilés-Santa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology*; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult