title: Neural correlates of language and non-language visuospatial processing in adolescents with reading disability.
abstract: Despite anecdotal evidence of relative visuospatial processing strengths in individuals with reading disability (RD), only a few studies have assessed the presence or the extent of these putative strengths. The current study examined the cognitive and neural bases of visuospatial processing abilities in adolescents with RD relative to typically developing (TD) peers. Using both cognitive tasks and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we contrasted printed word recognition with non-language visuospatial processing tasks. Behaviorally, lower reading skill was related to a visuospatial processing advantage (shorter latencies and equivalent accuracy) on a geometric figure processing task, similar to findings shown in two published studies. FMRI analyses revealed key group by task interactions in patterns of cortical and subcortical activation, particularly in frontostriatal networks, and in the distributions of right and left hemisphere activation on the two tasks. The results are discussed in terms of a possible neural tradeoff in visuospatial processing in RD.
authors: Department of Psychology, 118 Haggar Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: joshua.diehl@nd.edu.
authors: Joshua John
authors: JJ
authors: Diehl
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: frosts@haskins.yale.edu.
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Frost
authors: Newgrange School, 407 Nassau St., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. Electronic address: info@thenewgrange.org.
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Sherman
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: einar@haskins.yale.edu.
authors: W Einar
authors: WE
authors: Mencl
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA. Electronic address: anish.kurian@uconn.edu.
authors: Anish
authors: A
authors: Kurian
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: pmolfese@haskins.yale.edu.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Molfese
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: landi@haskins.yale.edu.
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Landi
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: preston@haskins.yale.edu.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Preston
authors: Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: asoldan1@jhmi.edu.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Soldan
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, MRRC, The Anlyan Center N137, P.O. Box 208043, New Haven, CT 06520-8043, USA. Electronic address: Robert.fulbright@yale.edu.
authors: Robert K
authors: RK
authors: Fulbright
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA. Electronic address: jay.rueckl@uconn.edu.
authors: Jay G
authors: JG
authors: Rueckl
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, Brogden Hall, 1202W. Johnsons St., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1969, USA. Electronic address: Seidenberg@wisc.edu.
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Seidenberg
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Langley Porter Psychiatry Institute (LPPI), Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital and Clinics (LPPHC), 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: fumiko.hoeft@ucsf.edu.
authors: Fumiko
authors: F
authors: Hoeft
authors: Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA. Electronic address: pugh@haskins.yale.edu.
authors: Kenneth R
authors: KR
authors: Pugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011932:Reading; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dyslexia; Impossible figures; Reading; Visuospatial processing; fMRI