title: Characterisation of heteroplasmic status at codon 143 of the Botrytis cinerea cytochrome b gene in a semi-quantitative AS-PCR assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An in-depth understanding of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)-fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea isolates in a vineyard is expected to contribute to the development of an optimum disease management programme for the control of grape grey mould.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resistance and structure of the cytochrome b gene in B. cinerea collected from a Japanese vineyard were characterised. The semi-quantitative allele-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assay developed in the present study was able to distinguish heteroplasmic status from homoplasmic status at codon 143 of the cytochrome b gene in QoI-fungicide-resistant B. cinerea from vineyards in Japan. With this assay it was demonstrated that the repeated introduction of QoI fungicide selection pressure increased the ratio of G143A-mutated cytochrome b genes in B. cinerea isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is proposed that the semi-quantitative AS-PCR assay is a reliable tool for the detection of QoI fungicide resistance and the evaluation of homoplasmic/heteroplasmic status at codon 143 of the cytochrome b gene in B. cinerea isolates.
authors: The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors: Maki
authors: M
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Yoshinao
authors: Y
authors: Aoki
authors: Seiya
authors: S
authors: Saito
authors: Shunji
authors: S
authors: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D020171:Botrytis / Q000235:genetics*; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007564:Japan; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008689:Methacrylates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D045303:Cytochromes b
keywords: AS-PCR; Botrytis cinerea; QoI fungicide; additional intron; fungicide resistance; heteroplasmy