title: Risk assessment in the 21st century: roadmap and matrix.
abstract: Abstract The RISK21 integrated evaluation strategy is a problem formulation-based exposure-driven risk assessment roadmap that takes advantage of existing information to graphically represent the intersection of exposure and toxicity data on a highly visual matrix. This paper describes in detail the process for using the roadmap and matrix. The purpose of this methodology is to optimize the use of prior information and testing resources (animals, time, facilities, and personnel) to efficiently and transparently reach a risk and/or safety determination. Based on the particular problem, exposure and toxicity data should have sufficient precision to make such a decision. Estimates of exposure and toxicity, bounded by variability and/or uncertainty, are plotted on the X- and Y-axes of the RISK21 matrix, respectively. The resulting intersection is a highly visual representation of estimated risk. Decisions can then be made to increase precision in the exposure or toxicity estimates or declare that the available information is sufficient. RISK21 represents a step forward in the goal to introduce new methodologies into 21st century risk assessment. Indeed, because of its transparent and visual process, RISK21 has the potential to widen the scope of risk communication beyond those with technical expertise.
authors: ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute , Washington, DC , USA.
authors: Michelle R
authors: MR
authors: Embry
authors: Ammie N
authors: AN
authors: Bachman
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Bell
authors: Alan R
authors: AR
authors: Boobis
authors: Samuel M
authors: SM
authors: Cohen
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Dellarco
authors: Ian C
authors: IC
authors: Dewhurst
authors: Nancy G
authors: NG
authors: Doerrer
authors: Ronald N
authors: RN
authors: Hines
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Moretto
authors: Timothy P
authors: TP
authors: Pastoor
authors: Richard D
authors: RD
authors: Phillips
authors: J Craig
authors: JC
authors: Rowlands
authors: Jennifer Y
authors: JY
authors: Tanir
authors: Douglas C
authors: DC
authors: Wolf
authors: John E
authors: JE
authors: Doe
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011336:Probability; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances
keywords: exposure; framework; hazard; problem formulation; risk; risk assessment; risk policy; tiered