title: Mass, energy and material balances of SRF production process. Part 2: SRF produced from construction and demolition waste.
abstract: In this work, the fraction of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) complicated and economically not feasible to sort out for recycling purposes is used to produce solid recovered fuel (SRF) through mechanical treatment (MT). The paper presents the mass, energy and material balances of this SRF production process. All the process streams (input and output) produced in MT waste sorting plant to produce SRF from C&D waste are sampled and treated according to CEN standard methods for SRF. Proximate and ultimate analysis of these streams is performed and their composition is determined. Based on this analysis and composition of process streams their mass, energy and material balances are established for SRF production process. By mass balance means the overall mass flow of input waste material stream in the various output streams and material balances mean the mass flow of components of input waste material stream (such as paper and cardboard, wood, plastic (soft), plastic (hard), textile and rubber) in the various output streams of SRF production process. The results from mass balance of SRF production process showed that of the total input C&D waste material to MT waste sorting plant, 44% was recovered in the form of SRF, 5% as ferrous metal, 1% as non-ferrous metal, and 28% was sorted out as fine fraction, 18% as reject material and 4% as heavy fraction. The energy balance of this SRF production process showed that of the total input energy content of C&D waste material to MT waste sorting plant, 74% was recovered in the form of SRF, 16% belonged to the reject material and rest 10% belonged to the streams of fine fraction and heavy fraction. From the material balances of this process, mass fractions of plastic (soft), paper and cardboard, wood and plastic (hard) recovered in the SRF stream were 84%, 82%, 72% and 68% respectively of their input masses to MT plant. A high mass fraction of plastic (PVC) and rubber material was found in the reject material stream. Streams of heavy fraction and fine fraction mainly contained non-combustible material (such as stone/rock, sand particles and gypsum material).
authors: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland. Electronic address: muhammad.nasrullah@vtt.fi.
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Nasrullah
authors: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
authors: Pasi
authors: P
authors: Vainikka
authors: Lassila & Tikanoja plc, Sepelitie 25, FIN-40320 Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors: Janne
authors: J
authors: Hannula
authors: Aalto University, Chemical School of Science and Technology, FI 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors: Markku
authors: M
authors: Hurme
authors: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
authors: Janne
authors: J
authors: Kärki
mesh_terms: D060389:Construction Industry; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D005387:Finland; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste
keywords: Construction and demolition waste; Material balance; Mechanical treatment; Solid recovered fuel