title: Mitochondrial dynamics regulate melanogenesis through proteasomal degradation of MITF via ROS-ERK activation.
abstract: Mitochondrial dynamics control mitochondrial functions as well as their morphology. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in melanogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we show that mitochondrial dynamics regulate melanogenesis by modulating the ROS-ERK signaling pathway. Genetic and chemical inhibition of Drp1, a mitochondrial fission protein, increased melanin production and mitochondrial elongation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. In contrast, down-regulation of OPA1, a mitochondria fusion regulator, suppressed melanogensis but induced massive mitochondrial fragmentation in hyperpigmented cells. Consistently, treatment with CCCP, a mitochondrial fission chemical inducer, also efficiently repressed melanogenesis. Furthermore, we found that ROS production and ERK phosphorylation were increased in cells with fragmented mitochondria. And inhibition of ROS or ERK suppressed the antimelanogenic effect of mitochondrial fission in α-MSH-treated cells. In addition, the activation of ROS-ERK pathway by mitochondrial fission induced phosphorylation of serine73 on MITF accelerating its proteasomal degradation. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics may regulate melanogenesis by modulating ROS-ERK signaling pathway.
authors: Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors: Eun Sung
authors: ES
authors: Kim
authors: So Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Myeong-Jin
authors: MJ
authors: Goh
authors: Yong-Joo
authors: YJ
authors: Na
authors: Doo Sin
authors: DS
authors: Jo
authors: Yoon Kyung
authors: YK
authors: Jo
authors: Ji Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Shin
authors: Eun Sun
authors: ES
authors: Choi
authors: Hae-Kwang
authors: HK
authors: Lee
authors: Ju-Yeon
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Hong Bae
authors: HB
authors: Jeon
authors: Jin Cheon
authors: JC
authors: Kim
authors: Dong-Hyung
authors: DH
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D034281:Dynamins / Q000378:metabolism; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C549041:3-(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-sulfanyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone; D008543:Melanins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D052999:Quinazolinones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D000521:alpha-MSH; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C486391:Dnm1l protein, mouse; D034281:Dynamins
keywords: Drp1; MITF; Opa1; ROS-ERK; melanogenesis; mitochondrial dynamics