title: Effects of probiotic yogurt on fat distribution and gene expression of proinflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in overweight and obese people with or without weight-loss diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether probiotics had an effect on proinflammatory markers and cytokines in overweight and obese individuals and whether they could have synergistic effects with weight-loss diets.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 75 healthy overweight and obese individuals completed this randomized doubled-blind controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to groups consuming regular yogurt with a low-calorie diet (LCD, RLCD; n = 25) or receiving probiotic yogurt with LCD (PLCD; n = 25) or consuming probiotic yogurt without LCD (PWLCD; n = 25) for 8 weeks. The pribiotic regimen contained 200 g/day yogurt, enriched by Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium BB12, and Lactobacillus casei DN001 10(8) colony-forming units/g. Body fat percentage, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, and mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes (TNF-α and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma [ROR-γt]) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduction in body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and leptin level was observed that was more obvious in groups who received the weight-loss diet with probiotic yogurt. Reduction in the gene expression of ROR-γt was significant in the PLCD group (p < 0.001). The expression of TNF-α did not change among all groups after intervention. The mean concentration of leptin was significantly decreased in all groups after the dietary intervention, but the mean changes in leptin level in the PLCD group was more prominent compared to the other two groups (-2.38, p < 0.001 [PLCD] vs -1.75, p = 0.002 [RLCD] and -0.55 ng/mL, p = 0.12 [PWLCD]). The reduction in serum levels of hs-CRP was more evident in the PWLCD group compared to the PLCD and RLCD groups after the 8-week intervention (-3.4, p = 0.03 vs -1.76, p < 0.001 and -2.98 pg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that the weight-loss diet and probiotic yogurt had synergistic effects on T-cells subset specific gene expression in PBMCs, fat percentage, and body weight among overweight and obese individuals.
authors: a Department of Nutrition, School of Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors: Mitra
authors: M
authors: Zarrati
authors: Eisa
authors: E
authors: Salehi
authors: Keramat
authors: K
authors: Nourijelyani
authors: Vahid
authors: V
authors: Mofid
authors: Mohammad Javad Hossein
authors: MJ
authors: Zadeh
authors: Forouzan
authors: F
authors: Najafi
authors: Zahra
authors: Z
authors: Ghaflati
authors: Katayoon
authors: K
authors: Bidad
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Chamari
authors: Mehrdad
authors: M
authors: Karimi
authors: Farzad
authors: F
authors: Shidfar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007492:Iran; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D015014:Yogurt; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D020738:Leptin; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; C539900:RORC protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: PBMCs; hs-CRP; leptin; obesity; probiotics