title: Experimental and DFT studies on the vibrational and electronic spectra of 9-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde.
abstract: The compound 9-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (HCCD) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Vis spectra. The X-ray diffraction study showed that HCCD has a Z-configuration. The benzene ring including methyl is twisted from the mean plane of the carbazole group by 59.7(3)°, which is comparable with the calculated result 65° for B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) method. Vibrational spectra and electronic spectra measurements were made for the compound. Optimized geometrical structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed with B-based DFT (BLYP, B3LYP and cam-B3LYP) methods, and WB-based DFT (WB97, WB97X and WB97XD) methods and ab initio RHF method using 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. Assignments of the observed spectra were proposed. The equilibrium geometries computed by all of the methods were compared with X-ray diffraction results. The absorption spectra of the title compound were computed both in gas phase and in DMF solution using TD-(cam)B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) and PCM-(cam)B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) approaches, respectively. The calculated results provide good descriptions of the bands maxima in the observed electronic spectrum. Temperature dependence of thermodynamic parameters in the range of 100-1000 K was determined. The natural atomic hybrids were calculated and discussed.
authors: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors: Yiwei
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: yuzhang@hytc.edu.cn.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors: Haiwei
authors: H
authors: Ni
authors: Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors: Nana
authors: N
authors: Meng
authors: Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors: Kuirong
authors: K
authors: Ma
authors: Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors: Jianying
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China. Electronic address: zhudr@njut.edu.cn.
authors: Dunru
authors: D
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004583:Electrons; D019277:Entropy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D055672:Static Electricity; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: C000598666:9-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde; D000447:Aldehydes; D002227:Carbazoles; C041514:carbazole
keywords: 9-p-Tolyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (HCCD); Density functional theory (DFT); Electronic spectra; NBO; Vibrational spectra