title: β-Asarone (cis-2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-allyl phenyl), attenuates pro-inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and the JNK pathway in LPS activated BV-2 microglia cells.
abstract: Acorus species contains diverse pharmacologically active phytochemicals including α-asarone, β-asarone, and eugenol. We determined if β-asarone isolated from Acorus gramineus (AG) Solander would be efficacious in protecting BV-2 microglia cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stress signaling. BV-2 microglial cells were pretreated with an AG ethanol extract (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) or β-asarone (10, 50, and 100 μM) prior to exposure to LPS (100 ng/mL). AG and β-asarone inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 also decreased dose dependently following AG and β-asarone treatments. Immunostaining and immunoblot studies revealed that β-asarone also suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by blocking IkB degradation. Further mechanistic studies revealed that β-asarone acted through the JNK/MAPK pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that β-asarone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through NF-κB signaling and the JNK pathways in activated microglial cells and might be developed as a promising candidate to treat various neuroinflammatory diseases.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyung-Woo
authors: HW
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hemant
authors: H
authors: Kumar
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Byung-Wook
authors: BW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sandeep Vasant
authors: SV
authors: More
authors: Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Il-Woung
authors: IW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeong-In
authors: JI
authors: Park
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Shin-Young
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Si-Kwan
authors: SK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choidk@kku.ac.kr.
authors: Dong-Kug
authors: DK
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D029023:Acorus / Q000737:chemistry; D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C012195:asarone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005054:Eugenol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: COX-2; Microglia; NF-κB; Neurodegenerative disease; iNOS; β-Asarone