title: Diverse and divergent protein post-translational modifications in two growth stages of a natural microbial community.
abstract: Detailed characterization of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins in microbial communities remains a significant challenge. Here we directly identify and quantify a broad range of PTMs (hydroxylation, methylation, citrullination, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylthiolation, S-nitrosylation and nitration) in a natural microbial community from an acid mine drainage site. Approximately 29% of the identified proteins of the dominant Leptospirillum group II bacteria are modified, and 43% of modified proteins carry multiple PTM types. Most PTM events, except S-nitrosylations, have low fractional occupancy. Notably, PTM events are detected on Cas proteins involved in antiviral defense, an aspect of Cas biochemistry not considered previously. Further, Cas PTM profiles from Leptospirillum group II differ in early versus mature biofilms. PTM patterns are divergent on orthologues of two closely related, but ecologically differentiated, Leptospirillum group II bacteria. Our results highlight the prevalence and dynamics of PTMs of proteins, with potential significance for ecological adaptation and microbial evolution.
authors: 1] Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA [2] Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors: Zhou
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
authors: Yingfeng
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
authors: Qiuming
authors: Q
authors: Yao
authors: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors: Nicholas B
authors: NB
authors: Justice
authors: Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
authors: Tae-Hyuk
authors: TH
authors: Ahn
authors: Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Xu
authors: 1] Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA [2] Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Hettich
authors: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors: Jillian F
authors: JF
authors: Banfield
authors: 1] Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA [2] Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors: Chongle
authors: C
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms; D002140:California; D017753:Ecosystem; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008745:Methylation; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome