title: Apogossypolone inhibits the proliferation of LNCaP cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti‑tumor effect of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on human LNCaP cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Cell autophagy and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, respectively. Morphological autophagy alterations were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The formation of acidic vesicular organelles was assessed by acridine orange staining and fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted to detect the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated protein B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bak. The models of transplantation tumors in nude mice were established via subcutaneous injection of LNCaP cells. Growth of LNCaP cells was inhibited by ApoG2 treatment. Flow cytometry demonstrated that ApoG2 induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. The Bcl‑2 expression was decreased while Bak expression was increased. In addition, activation of cysteine aspartate protease (caspase)‑3 and ‑8 was observed and 3‑methyladenine (3‑MA) enhanced apoptosis of LNCaP cells. Furthermore, nude mice treated with ApoG2 demonstrated a significant decrease in tumor volume and a significant increase in cell viability. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues demonstrated that ApoG2 enhanced caspase‑3, ‑8, LC‑3B and beclin‑1 expression and reduced the expression of Bcl‑2. ApoG2 was able to effectively suppress the growth of LNCaP cells through the induction of autophagy and apoptosis.
authors: Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors: Xianqing
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors: Xingbin
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors: Shijie
authors: S
authors: Mu
authors: Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, P.R. China.
authors: Yonghua
authors: Y
authors: Zhan
authors: Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors: Qunxing
authors: Q
authors: An
authors: Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors: Zhixin
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Central Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaofeng
authors: X
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D000071186:Beclin-1; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006072:Gossypol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494772:BAK1 protein, human; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C534401:apogossypolone; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; C025946:3-methyladenine; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D000225:Adenine; D006072:Gossypol