title: Distribution of late gadolinium enhancement in various types of cardiomyopathies: Significance in differential diagnosis, clinical features and prognosis.
abstract: The recent development of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques has allowed detailed analyses of cardiac function and tissue characterization with high spatial resolution. We review characteristic CMR features in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICM and NICM), especially in terms of the location and distribution of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). CMR in ICM shows segmental wall motion abnormalities or wall thinning in a particular coronary arterial territory, and the subendocardial or transmural LGE. LGE in NICM generally does not correspond to any particular coronary artery distribution and is located mostly in the mid-wall to subepicardial layer. The analysis of LGE distribution is valuable to differentiate NICM with diffusely impaired systolic function, including dilated cardiomyopathy, end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac sarcoidosis, and myocarditis, and those with diffuse left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy including HCM, cardiac amyloidosis and Anderson-Fabry disease. A transient low signal intensity LGE in regions of severe LV dysfunction is a particular feature of stress cardiomyopathy. In arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia, an enhancement of right ventricular (RV) wall with functional and morphological changes of RV becomes apparent. Finally, the analyses of LGE distribution have potentials to predict cardiac outcomes and response to treatments.
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Satoh
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Sano
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Kenichiro
authors: K
authors: Suwa
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Takeji
authors: T
authors: Saitoh
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Nobuhara
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Saotome
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Urushida
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Katoh
authors: Hiroshi Satoh, Makoto Sano, Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saitoh, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hideharu Hayashi, Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors: Hideharu
authors: H
authors: Hayashi
keywords: Cardiac function; Cardiac magnetic resonance; Cardiomyopathy; Clinical features; Late gadolinium enhancement; Prognosis