title: Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per cm column (0.18 mL). After intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random solution was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No histological lesions were found in the nervous tissue (roots and cord) or meninges in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ketamine S (+) 5% unpreserved triggered no neurological or histological lesions in the spinal cord or meninges of rabbits.
authors: Botucatu Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: José Admirço
authors: JA
authors: Lima Filho
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Natalia Castro
authors: NC
authors: Fin
authors: Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Felipe Gilberto
authors: FG
authors: Valerini
authors: Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Vania Maria
authors: VM
authors: Machado
authors: Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mariangela Ester
authors: ME
authors: Marques
authors: Department of Dermatology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Hélio
authors: H
authors: Miot
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Lais Helena Navarro E
authors: LH
authors: Lima
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors: Eliana Marisa
authors: EM
authors: Ganen
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008578:Meninges / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects*; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine