title: Fluorescent imaging of cancerous tissues for targeted surgery.
abstract: To maximize tumor excision and minimize collateral damage are the primary goals of cancer surgery. Emerging molecular imaging techniques have made "image-guided surgery" developed into "molecular imaging-guided surgery", which is termed as "targeted surgery" in this review. Consequently, the precision of surgery can be advanced from tissue-scale to molecule-scale, enabling "targeted surgery" to be a component of "targeted therapy". Evidence from numerous experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated significant benefits of fluorescent imaging in targeted surgery with preoperative molecular diagnostic screening. Fluorescent imaging can help to improve intraoperative staging and enable more radical cytoreduction, detect obscure tumor lesions in special organs, highlight tumor margins, better map lymph node metastases, and identify important normal structures intraoperatively. Though limited tissue penetration of fluorescent imaging and tumor heterogeneity are two major hurdles for current targeted surgery, multimodality imaging and multiplex imaging may provide potential solutions to overcome these issues, respectively. Moreover, though many fluorescent imaging techniques and probes have been investigated, targeted surgery remains at a proof-of-principle stage. The impact of fluorescent imaging on cancer surgery will likely be realized through persistent interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.
authors: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Center, Room P095, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA; Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The 4th hospital of Harbin Medical University, No 31 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China.
authors: Lihong
authors: L
authors: Bu
authors: Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The 4th hospital of Harbin Medical University, No 31 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China. Electronic address: shenbzh@vip.sina.com.
authors: Baozhong
authors: B
authors: Shen
authors: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Center, Room P095, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA. Electronic address: zcheng@stanford.edu.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Fluorescent imaging; Image-guided surgery; Molecular imaging; Multimodality imaging; Multiplex imaging; System molecular imaging; Targeted surgery; Targeted therapy