title: Resolving the effects of maternal and offspring genotype on dyadic outcomes in genome wide complex trait analysis ("M-GCTA").
abstract: Genome wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is extended to include environmental effects of the maternal genotype on offspring phenotype ("maternal effects", M-GCTA). The model includes parameters for the direct effects of the offspring genotype, maternal effects and the covariance between direct and maternal effects. Analysis of simulated data, conducted in OpenMx, confirmed that model parameters could be recovered by full information maximum likelihood (FIML) and evaluated the biases that arise in conventional GCTA when indirect genetic effects are ignored. Estimates derived from FIML in OpenMx showed very close agreement to those obtained by restricted maximum likelihood using the published algorithm for GCTA. The method was also applied to illustrative perinatal phenotypes from ~4,000 mother-offspring pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The relative merits of extended GCTA in contrast to quantitative genetic approaches based on analyzing the phenotypic covariance structure of kinships are considered.
authors: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA, eaves.lindon@gmail.com.
authors: Lindon J
authors: LJ
authors: Eaves
authors: Beate St
authors: BS
authors: Pourcain
authors: George Davey
authors: GD
authors: Smith
authors: Timothy P
authors: TP
authors: York
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Evans
mesh_terms: D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable