title: The evolution of altruism in humans.
abstract: Humans are an intensely social species, frequently performing costly behaviors that benefit others. Efforts to solve the evolutionary puzzle of altruism have a lengthy history, and recent years have seen many important advances across a range of disciplines. Here we bring together this interdisciplinary body of research and review the main theories that have been proposed to explain human prosociality, with an emphasis on kinship, reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, punishment, and morality. We highlight recent methodological advances that are stimulating research and point to some areas that either remain controversial or merit more attention.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146; email: Kurzban@psych.upenn.edu.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Kurzban
authors: Maxwell N
authors: MN
authors: Burton-Chellew
authors: Stuart A
authors: SA
authors: West
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans
keywords: adaptationism; conflict; cooperation; kinship; prosociality; punishment; reciprocity