title: Melanogenesis inhibitory effect of aerial part of Pueraria thunbergiana in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Melanin is major factor that determines skin color as well as one of the defense systems that prevent the UV-induced damage. In case of abnormal concentration of melanin, skin diseases or problems occur such as albinism, leukoplakia, melasma, freckles, moles, and lentigo. With the lifespan of humans has been extended, importance of 'life quality' has been increased. White and clean skin is very important part of the satisfaction of appearance, especially for Asia women. The aim of this study was to find an anti-melanogenesis activity for which the aerial part of Pueraria thunbergiana can be utilized based on the increase in demands for cosmetics, particularly natural products. We demonstrated anti-pigmentation effects of aerial part of P. thunbergiana by measuring melanin content and through staining in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. The aerial part of P. thunbergiana decreased tyrosinase activity significantly in B16F10 cell cultures, while there is no direct effect on enzyme in cell-free conditions. To define the mechanisms, real-time PCR, western blot, glucosidase activity and antioxidant activity assay were implemented. As results, we demonstrated that aerial part of P. thunbergiana has anti-melanogenesis activity via two mechanisms. One is downgrading microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating Akt/GSK-3β. Consequently, transcription of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 is decreased. Another is interrupting maturation of tyrosinase through inhibiting α-glucosidase. Furthermore, aerial part of P. thunbergiana showed great efficacy on pigmentation in vivo. These results suggest that aerial part of P. thunbergiana can be used as an anti-melanogenic agent.
authors: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Ikandae-ro, Iksan, 570-749, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea, enbual@naver.com.
authors: EunByeol
authors: E
authors: Han
authors: BoYoon
authors: B
authors: Chang
authors: DaeSung
authors: D
authors: Kim
authors: HyoungKwon
authors: H
authors: Cho
authors: SungYeon
authors: S
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D029908:Pueraria / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D008543:Melanins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; C497235:Mitf protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C079621:Tyrp1 protein, mouse; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases