title: Identification of antihyperlipidemic constituents from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis Diels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The roots of Rubia yunnanensis Diels (Rubiaceae) have been used as an alternative for Rubia cordifolia for the treatment of various diseases including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease for a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. To evaluate antihyperlipidemic activity of the roots of Rubia. yunnanensis Diels and to identify active compounds from the active fraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antihyperlipidemic effects of extract and compounds of the roots of Rubia yunnanensis were studied in HepG2 cells and in vivo model in olive oil-loaded mice. The isolation of compounds was conducted using various chromatographic methods and the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Rubia yunnanensis potently decreased the triglycerides accumulation in HepG2 cells and the methanol extract of Rubia yunnanensis (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the TG elevation in a dose dependent manner in olive oil-loaded mice. Through various chromatographic methods, twenty-three compounds (1-23) were isolated in which arborinane-type triterpenoids and a free anthraquinone potently inhibited TG levels in HepG2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arborinane-type triterpenoids, especial rubiarbonone C (16) and an anthraquinone, 2-methyl-1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-9, 10-anthraquinone (MTHA) (22) were identified as the main active compounds responsible for antihyperlipidemic activity. Based on these findings, we proposed that the extract of Rubia yunnanensis and its active components, arborinane-type triterpenoids and the free anthraquinone might be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemic disease.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yaping
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Yayu
authors: Y
authors: Huo
authors: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Mi
authors: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Xinrui
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
authors: Zhigang
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: zhhlcrest@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors: Hailong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D000069463:Olive Oil; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D045470:Rubia / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D015415:Biomarkers; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D014280:Triglycerides; D014315:Triterpenes; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Anthraquinones; Antihyperlipidemia; Arborinane-type triterpenoids; HepG2 cell lines; Oral olive oil tolerance test; Rubia yunnanensis