title: Identification of anisotropic tensile strength of cortical bone using Brazilian test.
abstract: For a proper analysis of cortical bone behaviour, it is essential to take into account both the elastic stiffness and the failure criteria. While ultrasound methods allow complete identification of the elastic orthotropic coefficients, tests used to characterise the various failure mechanisms and to identify the brittle tensile strength in all directions are currently inadequate. In the present work we propose the Brazilian test as a complement to conventional tensile tests. In fact, this experimental technique, rarely employed in the biomechanics field, has the potential to provide an accurate description of the anisotropic strength of cortical bone. Additionally, it allows us to assess the scale influence on failure behaviour which may be attributed to an intrinsic length in correlation with the cortical bone microstructure. In order to correctly set up the Brazilian test, several aspects such as the machining, the geometrical parameters of the specimen and the loading conditions were determined. The finite element method was used to evaluate the maximal tensile stress at the centre of a 2D anisotropic elastic specimen as a simple function of the loading. To validate the protocol, the Brazilian test was carried out on 29 cortical bovine cylindrical specimens with diameters ranging from 10mm to 4mm.
authors: Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM, 151 Boulevard de l׳hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: rachele.allena@ensam.eu.
authors: Rachele
authors: R
authors: Allena
authors: Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM, 151 Boulevard de l׳hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; LMT-Cachan, 61 av. du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France; IUT-SGM, rue du PJarlan, 91025 Evry, France.
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Cluzel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002417:Cattle; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013977:Tibia
keywords: Anisotropy; Brazilian test; Brittle strength; Cortical bone