title: Labor in early life, vulnerability for health in Brazilian schoolchildren: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes exposure labor among Brazilian 9th grade students from public and private schools and investigates socio-demographic characteristics, behaviors, violent situations and psychosocial factors associated with labor among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study included 108,984 students from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey carried out in 2012. Variables were grouped into sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, violent situations and psychosocial aspects. Associations between labor and several health risk variables were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for sex and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 13% of the students reported having a job: 17.4% of them were male. The chance of working was lower between females and individuals whose fathers' have incomplete superior education. Students who worked had greater chances to smoke (OR = 2.26; 95%CI 2.04 - 2.51), drink alcohol, use illicit drugs (OR = 2.63; 95%CI 2.29 - 3.02), drive motorized vehicles (OR = 2.15; 95%CI 2.03 2.27), have sexual intercourse (OR = 2.10; 95%CI 1.99 - 2.24), suffer physical violence (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.46 1.68), engage in fights (OR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.55 - 1.76), feel lonely (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.17 - 1.36) and report sleeping problems (OR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.34 - 1.60). They also have lower chances of having close friends (OR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.68 - 0.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of labor among students is high. Socioeconomical disadvantages increase the chances of early working. Early working is also associated to health damaging behavior, violent situations, sleeping problems, and social isolation. Adolescents who study and work experiment expositions that may affect distinct health dimensions and perpetuate disadvantages over lifetime.
authors: School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
authors: Luana
authors: L
authors: Giatti
authors: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Maryane Oliveira
authors: MO
authors: Campos
authors: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro, MG, Brazil.
authors: Claudio Dutra
authors: CD
authors: Crespo
authors: Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors: Silvania Suely Caribé de Araújo
authors: SS
authors: Andrade
authors: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors: Sandy Maria
authors: SM
authors: Barreto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D000067576:Child Health; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012574:Schools; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data