title: Predictive biomarkers for the outcome of vaccination of five therapeutic epitope peptides for colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported a phase I study of a cancer vaccine using five novel HLA-A*2402-restricted peptides, and demonstrated the safety and the promising potential of our five-peptide cocktail for advanced colorectal cancer. The objective of this analysis was to investigate predictive biomarkers for the prior selection of patients who are likely to have clinical benefit from such therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with colorectal cancer who were treated with the five peptides underwent a complete blood count, serum chemistry tests and enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot assay before the treatment as predictive markers of high reactivity to the peptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-6 level was a significant predictor for overall survival of patients treated with the peptide cocktail (p=0.017). A high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was likely to have some association with the poor induction of peptide-specific immune reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interleukin-6 level might be a good predictive biomarker for clinical benefit of patients treated with this peptide vaccine.
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan hazama@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
authors: Shoichi
authors: S
authors: Hazama
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Takenouchi
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Ryouichi
authors: R
authors: Tsunedomi
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Michihisa
authors: M
authors: Iida
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Nobuaki
authors: N
authors: Suzuki
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Norio
authors: N
authors: Iizuka
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Yuka
authors: Y
authors: Inoue
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Mitsuhiro
authors: M
authors: Nakao
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Yoshitaro
authors: Y
authors: Shindo
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Kanekiyo
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Yukio
authors: Y
authors: Tokumitsu
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Yoshimura
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Maeda
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Kazunari
authors: K
authors: Maeda
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Yoshinari
authors: Y
authors: Maeda
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Hiroto
authors: H
authors: Matsui
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Shigefumi
authors: S
authors: Yoshino
authors: Department of Medicine and Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Nakamura
authors: Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Fujita
authors: Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Hamamoto
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Okamoto
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tomonobu
authors: T
authors: Fujita
authors: Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Kawakami
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors: Masaaki
authors: M
authors: Oka
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000939:Epitopes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010455:Peptides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Predictive biomarker; colorectal cancer; peptide vaccine; prognosis