title: Progress in base-metal water oxidation catalysis.
abstract: This minireview provides a brief overview of the progress that has been made in developing homogeneous water oxidation catalysts based on base metals (manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper) from the 1990s to mid-2014. The impact of each contribution is analyzed, and opportunities for further improvement are noted. In addition, the relative stabilities of the base-metal catalysts that have been reported are compared to illustrate the importance of developing more robust catalytic systems by using these metals. This manuscript is intended to provide a firm foundation for researchers entering the field of water oxidation based on base metals and a useful reference for those currently involved in the field.
authors: International Institute for Carbon-Neutral, Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan). aparent@chem.kyushu-univ.jp.
authors: Alexander Rene
authors: AR
authors: Parent
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Sakai
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014867:Water
keywords: energy storage; homogeneous catalysis; oxidation; transition metals; water chemistry