title: Regulation of HIV-1 latency by chromatin structure and nuclear architecture.
abstract: Current antiretroviral therapies fail to cure HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) infection because HIV-1 persists as a transcriptionally inactive provirus in resting memory CD4(+) T cells. Multiple molecular events are known to regulate HIV-1 gene expression, yet the mechanisms governing the establishment and maintenance of latency remain incompletely understood. Here we summarize different molecular aspects of viral latency, from its establishment in resting CD4(+) T cells to the mechanisms involved in the reactivation of latent viral reservoirs. We focus on the relevance of chromatin structure and nuclear architecture in determining the transcriptional fate of integrated HIV-1 genomes, in light of recent findings indicating that proximity to specific subnuclear neighborhoods regulates HIV-1 gene expression.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy. Electronic address: lusic@icgeb.org.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Lusic
authors: Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy. Electronic address: giacca@icgeb.org.
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Giacca
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin
keywords: HIV-1; chromatin; gene expression; latency; nuclear architecture