title: Gluconic acid produced by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 possesses antimicrobial properties.
abstract: Gluconic acid is produced in large quantities by the endophytic and diazotrophic bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5. This organic acid derives from direct oxidation of glucose by a pyrroloquinoline-quinone-linked glucose dehydrogenase in this plant growth-promoting bacterium. In the present article, evidence is presented showing that gluconic acid is also responsible for the antimicrobial activity of G. diazotrophicus Pal5. The broad antagonistic spectrum includes Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Eukaryotic microorganisms are more resistant to growth inhibition by this acid. Inhibition by gluconic acid can be modified through the presence of other organic acids. In contrast to other microorganisms, the Quorum Sensing system of G. diazotrophicus Pal5, a regulatory mechanism that plays a key role in several microbe-microbe interactions, is not related to gluconic acid production and the concomitant antagonistic activity.
authors: PROIMI, CONICET (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. Electronic address: cgnieto@proimi.org.ar.
authors: Carlos G
authors: CG
authors: Nieto-Peñalver
authors: Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors: María J
authors: MJ
authors: Savino
authors: PROIMI, CONICET (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina.
authors: Elisa V
authors: EV
authors: Bertini
authors: PROIMI, CONICET (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina.
authors: Leandro A
authors: LA
authors: Sánchez
authors: PROIMI, CONICET (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors: Lucía I C
authors: LI
authors: de Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects; D041821:Gluconacetobacter / Q000378:metabolism*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005942:Gluconates; C030691:gluconic acid
keywords: Antimicrobial; Glucose; Inhibition; Organic acid