title: Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cambodian children.
abstract: SUMMARY We analysed Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from children, hospitalized from January 2004 to July 2008 in the largest paediatric hospital complex in Cambodia. Specimens were tested for drug susceptibility and genotypes. From the 260 children, 161 strains were available. The East African-Indian genotype family was the most common (59.0%), increasing in frequency with distance from the Phnom Penh area, while the frequency of the Beijing genotype family strains decreased. The drug resistance pattern showed a similar geographical gradient: lowest in the northwest (4.6%), intermediate in the central (17.1%), and highest in the southeastern (30.8%) parts of the country. Three children (1.9%) had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The Beijing genotype and streptomycin resistance were significantly associated (P < 0.001). As tuberculosis in children reflects recent transmission patterns in the community, multidrug resistance levels inform about the current quality of the tuberculosis programme.
authors: Institute of Infectious Diseases,University of Bern,Switzerland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Schopfer
authors: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris,France.
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Rieder
authors: Institute of Infectious Diseases,University of Bern,Switzerland.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Steinlin-Schopfer
authors: National Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment,Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: van Soolingen
authors: Institute of Infectious Diseases,University of Bern,Switzerland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bodmer
authors: Kantha Bopha Foundation, Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Chantana
authors: Kantha Bopha Foundation, Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Studer
authors: Kantha Bopha Foundation, Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Laurent
authors: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine,University of Bern,Switzerland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Zwahlen
authors: Kantha Bopha Foundation, Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Richner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin; D013307:Streptomycin
keywords: tuberculosis (TB)