title: Paediatric palliative care by video consultation at home: a cost minimisation analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the vast state of Queensland, Australia, access to specialist paediatric services are only available in the capital city of Brisbane, and are limited in regional and remote locations. During home-based palliative care, it is not always desirable or practical to move a patient to attend appointments, and so access to care may be even further limited. To address these problems, at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) in Brisbane, a Home Telehealth Program (HTP) has been successfully established to provide palliative care consultations to families throughout Queensland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost minimisation analysis was undertaken to compare the actual costs of the HTP consultations, with the estimated potential costs associated with face-to face-consultations occurring by either i) hospital based consultations in the outpatients department at the RCH, or ii) home visits from the Paediatric Palliative Care Service. The analysis was undertaken from the perspective of the Children's Health Service. The analysis was based on data from 95 home video consultations which occurred over a two year period, and included costs associated with projected: clinician time and travel; costs reimbursed to families for travel through the Patients Travel Subsidy (PTS) scheme; hospital outpatient clinic costs, project co-ordination and equipment and infrastructure costs. The mean costs per consultation were calculated for each approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Air travel (n = 24) significantly affected the results. The mean cost of the HTP intervention was $294 and required no travel. The estimated mean cost per consultation in the hospital outpatient department was $748. The mean cost of home visits per consultation was $1214. Video consultation in the home is the most economical method of providing a consultation. The largest costs avoided to the health service are those associated with clinician time required for travel and the PTS scheme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While face-to-face consultations are the gold standard of care, for families located at a distance from the hospital, video consultation in the home presents an effective and cost efficient method to deliver a consultation. Additionally video consultation in the home ensures equity of access to services and minimum disruption to hospital based palliative care teams.
authors: Centre for Online Health, University of Queensland, Level 3 Foundation Building Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia. n.bradford@uq.edu.au.
authors: Natalie K
authors: NK
authors: Bradford
authors: Nigel R
authors: NR
authors: Armfield
authors: Jeanine
authors: J
authors: Young
authors: Anthony C
authors: AC
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018803:Models, Economic; D010166:Palliative Care; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D011793:Queensland; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000191:economics*; D049269:Videoconferencing / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult