title: Use of a novel cell adhesion method and digital measurement to show stimulus-dependent variation in somatic and oral ciliary beat frequency in Paramecium.
abstract: When Paramecium encounters positive stimuli, the membrane hyperpolarizes and ciliary beat frequency increases. We adapted an established immobilization protocol using a biological adhesive and a novel digital analysis system to quantify beat frequency in immobilized Paramecium. Cells showed low mortality and demonstrated beat frequencies consistent with previous studies. Chemoattractant molecules, reduction in external potassium, and posterior stimulation all increased somatic beat frequency. In all cases, the oral groove cilia maintained a higher beat frequency than mid-body cilia, but only oral cilia from cells stimulated with chemoattactants showed an increase from basal levels.
authors: Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia, 24450.
authors: Wade E
authors: WE
authors: Bell
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Hallworth
authors: Todd A
authors: TA
authors: Wyatt
authors: Joseph H
authors: JH
authors: Sisson
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D001622:Betaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010247:Paramecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D001622:Betaine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Cell immobilization; chemoattraction; ciliates; hyperpolarization; membrane potential; potassium