title: Neonatal outcome after preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) influences neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective follow-up cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary university-affiliated medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  242 children born after PGD, 242 children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (158 singletons and 42 twins pairs in each group), and 733 children born after a spontaneous conception (SC) (493 singletons, 120 twins pairs), matched for maternal age, parity, and body mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gestational age, birth weight, prematurity (<37 and <34 weeks), low birth weight (<2,500 g, very low birth weight, <1,500 g), and intrauterine growth restriction (<10th percentile for gestational age).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For singletons, the mean birth weight was higher after SC compared with ICSI but not compared with PGD. Mean gestational ages were lower after PGD and ICSI compared with SC. The low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction rates were 4.4%, 12.0%, and 5.7% and 5.1%, 9.5%, and 5.5% for PGD, ICSI, and SC, respectively. Similar results were found when controlled for the number of embryos transferred and cryopreservation. The results for twins exhibited similar but less statistically significant trends. Polar body and blastomere biopsies provided similar outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embryo biopsy itself did not cause intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight compared with SC, despite lower gestational ages with PGD. The worsened outcomes in ICSI compared with PGD pregnancies may be due to the infertility itself.
authors: Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: gevat@szmc.org.il.
authors: Talia
authors: T
authors: Eldar-Geva
authors: Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Naama
authors: N
authors: Srebnik
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; ZOHAR PGD Unit, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Gheona
authors: G
authors: Altarescu
authors: Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Irit
authors: I
authors: Varshaver
authors: Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Baruch
authors: B
authors: Brooks
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; ZOHAR PGD Unit, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Ephrat
authors: E
authors: Levy-Lahad
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Ruben
authors: R
authors: Bromiker
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Schimmel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007246:Infertility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Embryo biopsy; genetic diagnosis; intrauterine growth restriction; neonatal outcome; preimplantation; prematurity