title: Sleep promotes cortical response potentiation following visual experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep has been hypothesized to globally reduce synaptic strength. However, recent findings suggest that in the context of learning and memory consolidation, sleep may promote synaptic potentiation. We tested the requirement for sleep in a naturally occurring form of experience-dependent synaptic potentiation in the adult mouse visual cortex (V1), which is initiated by patterned visual experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual responses were recorded in individual V1 neurons before and after presentation of an oriented grating stimulus, and after subsequent sleep or sleep deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that V1 response potentiation-associated with a shift in orientation preference in favor of the presented stimulus-occurs only after sleep and only during the entrained circadian sleep phase, and is blocked by sleep deprivation. Induction of plasticity following stimulus presentation is associated with an increase in principal neuron firing in V1, which is present in all behavioral states and occurs regardless of time of day. Sleep dependent potentiation is proportional to phase-locking of neuronal activity with thalamocortical spindle oscillations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that sleep can promote cortical synaptic potentiation in vivo, and that this potentiation may be mediated by slow wave sleep spindles.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Aton SJ, Suresh A, Broussard C, Frank MG. Sleep promotes cortical response potentiation following visual experience.
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors: Sara J
authors: SJ
authors: Aton
authors: Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors: Aneesha
authors: A
authors: Suresh
authors: College of Literature, Science, and the Arts Information Technology Advocacy and Research Support, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Broussard
authors: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Marcos G
authors: MG
authors: Frank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: in vivo recording; sleep; synaptic plasticity; thalamocortical oscillations; visual system