title: Longitudinal profiles of adaptive behavior in fragile X syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine longitudinally the adaptive behavior patterns in fragile X syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caregivers of 275 children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome and 225 typically developing children and adolescents (2-18 years) were interviewed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales every 2 to 4 years as part of a prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standard scores of adaptive behavior in people with fragile X syndrome are marked by a significant decline over time in all domains for males and in communication for females. Socialization skills are a relative strength as compared with the other domains for males with fragile X syndrome. Females with fragile X syndrome did not show a discernible pattern of developmental strengths and weaknesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first large-scale longitudinal study to show that the acquisition of adaptive behavior slows as individuals with fragile X syndrome age. It is imperative to ensure that assessments of adaptive behavior skills are part of intervention programs focusing on childhood and adolescence in this condition.
authors: Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Cheryl.klaiman@emory.edu.
authors: Cheryl
authors: C
authors: Klaiman
authors: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia;
authors: Eve-Marie
authors: EM
authors: Quintin
authors: Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;
authors: Booil
authors: B
authors: Jo
authors: Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;
authors: Amy A
authors: AA
authors: Lightbody
authors: Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, andDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors: Heather Cody
authors: HC
authors: Hazlett
authors: Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, andDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Piven
authors: Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;
authors: Scott S
authors: SS
authors: Hall
authors: Lindsay C
authors: LC
authors: Chromik
authors: Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Brain Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;Departments of Radiology, andPediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; and.
authors: Allan L
authors: AL
authors: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012951:Socialization
keywords: Vineland; adaptive behavior; adolescents; children; fragile X syndrome