title: Cardiovascular risks in prediabetes: preliminary data on "vasculopathy triad".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subclinical cardiovascular disease is inherent in complications of diabetes mellitus. It occurs before the obvert manifestation of cardiovascular disease complication in diabetes, and involves vasculopathy triad or three major vascular events comprising stasis, endothelial dysfunction, and atherothrombosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was to examine evidence of vasculopathy triad in prediabetes, biomarkers of stasis, endothelial dysfunction, and atherothrombosis in prediabetes were compared with apparently healthy group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one participants with results for plasma D-dimer, homocysteine, and whole blood viscosity were selected from a research database. The participants consisted of control (n = 44) and prediabetes (n = 37) based on clinical history and laboratory results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis shows a significantly higher level of vasculopathy in prediabetes than in the control group (P > 0.0001). Blood viscosity (P < 0.04) and homocysteine (P < 0.03) are significantly higher in prediabetes than in controls. Average levels for plasma D-dimer are also higher in prediabetes than in control, but not statistically significant in this particular analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a novel application of known idea, vasculopathy triad that could be used for assessment of subclinical cardiovascular disease in prediabetes.
authors: School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia ; College of Health Sciences, Novena University, Ogume Nigeria.
authors: Ezekiel U
authors: EU
authors: Nwose
authors: School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia.
authors: Ross S
authors: RS
authors: Richards
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Australia.
authors: Phillip T
authors: PT
authors: Bwititi
keywords: Atherothrombosis; blood viscosity; homocysteine; laboratory evaluations; subclinical vascular pathology