title: Circulating endothelial-derived activated microparticle: a useful biomarker for predicting one-year mortality in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study tested the hypothesis that circulating microparticles (MPs) are useful biomarkers for predicting one-year mortality in patients with end-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seven patients were prospectively enrolled into the study between April 2011 and February 2012, and each patient received regular follow-up after enrollment. Levels of four MPs in circulation, (1) platelet-derived activated MPs (PDAc-MPs), (2) platelet-derived apoptotic MPs (PDAp-MPs), (3) endothelial-derived activated MPs (EDAc-MPs), and (4) endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs (EDAp-MPs), were measured just after the patient was enrolled into the study using flow cytometry. Patients who survived for more than one year were categorized into group 1 (n = 56) (one-year survivors) and patients who survived less than one year were categorized into group 2 (n = 51) (one-year nonsurvivors). Male gender, incidence of liver metastasis, progression of disease after first-line treatment, poor performance status, and the Charlson comorbidity index were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (all P < 0.05). Additionally, as measured by flow cytometry, only the circulating level of EDAc-MPs was found to be significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that circulating level of EDAc-MPs along with brain metastasis and male gender significantly and independently predictive of one-year mortality (all P < 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating EDAc-MPs may be a useful biomarker predictive of one-year morality in ES-NSCLC patients.
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan ; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan ; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi City 613, Taiwan.
authors: Chin-Chou
authors: 0000-0003-2932-751X
authors: CC
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Cheng
authors: 0000-0001-6613-0439
authors: CC
authors: Tseng
authors: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan ; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
authors: Chang-Chun
authors: CC
authors: Hsiao
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Huang-Chih
authors: HC
authors: Chang
authors: Basic Science, Nursing Department, Meiho University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
authors: Li-Teh
authors: LT
authors: Chang
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Wen-Feng
authors: WF
authors: Fang
authors: Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Leu
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Hsi
authors: YH
authors: Wang
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Tzu-Hsien
authors: TH
authors: Tsai
authors: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors: Cheng-Ta
authors: 0000-0003-1727-6962
authors: CT
authors: Yang
authors: Divisions of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Chen
authors: Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Hon-Kan
authors: HK
authors: Yip
authors: Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors: Chi-Kung
authors: CK
authors: Ho
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
authors: Meng-Chih
authors: MC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor