title: Emerging regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell function in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
abstract: After a period of relative senescence in the field of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) research with particular regards to atherosclerosis, the last few years has witnessed a resurgence, with extensive research re-assessing potential molecular mechanisms and pathways that modulate VSMC behaviour within the atherosclerotic-prone vessel wall and the atherosclerotic plaque itself. Attention has focussed on the pathological contribution of VSMC in plaque calcification; systemic and local mediators such as inflammatory molecules and lipoproteins; autocrine and paracrine regulators which affect cell-cell and cell to matrix contacts alongside cytoskeletal changes. In this brief focused review, recent insights that have been gained into how a myriad of recently identified factors can influence the pathological behaviour of VSMC and their subsequent contribution to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression has been discussed. An overriding theme is the mechanisms involved in the alterations of VSMC function during atherosclerosis.
authors: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK jason.l.johnson@bris.ac.uk.
authors: Jason Lee
authors: JL
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Calcification; Foam cell formation; Matrix metalloproteinases; Migration; Vascular smooth muscle cells