title: Molecular imaging of peroxynitrite with HKGreen-4 in live cells and tissues.
abstract: Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), the product of a radical combination reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide, is a potent biological oxidant involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. Herein we report the development, characterization, and biological applications of a new fluorescent probe, HKGreen-4, for peroxynitrite detection and imaging. HKGreen-4 utilizes a peroxynitrite-triggered oxidative N-dearylation reaction to achieve an exceptionally sensitive and selective fluorescence turn-on response toward peroxynitrite in chemical systems and biological samples. We have thoroughly evaluated the utility of HKGreen-4 for intracellular peroxynitrite imaging and, more importantly, demonstrated that HKGreen-4 can be efficiently employed to visualize endogenous peroxynitrite generated in Escherichia coli-challenged macrophages and in live tissues from a mouse model of atherosclerosis. This probe should serve as a powerful molecular imaging tool to explore peroxynitrite biology under a variety of physiological and pathological contexts.
authors: Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, ⊥School of Chinese Medicine, and §School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Peng
authors: Nai-Kei
authors: NK
authors: Wong
authors: Xingmiao
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Yee-Kwan
authors: YK
authors: Chan
authors: Zhenning
authors: Z
authors: Sun
authors: Jun Jacob
authors: JJ
authors: Hu
authors: Jiangang
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Hani
authors: H
authors: El-Nezami
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D015394:Molecular Structure; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C000602267:HKGreen-4; D012235:Rhodamines; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid