title: Full-field interferometric confocal microscopy using a VCSEL array.
abstract: We present an interferometric confocal microscope using an array of 1200 vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) coupled to a multimode fiber. Spatial coherence gating provides ~18,000 continuous virtual pinholes, allowing an entire en face plane to be imaged in a snapshot. This approach maintains the same optical sectioning as a scanning confocal microscope without moving parts, while the high power of the VCSEL array (∼5  mW per laser) enables high-speed image acquisition with integration times as short as 100 μs. Interferometric detection also recovers the phase of the image, enabling quantitative phase measurements and improving the contrast when imaging phase objects.
authors: Brandon
authors: B
authors: Redding
authors: Yaron
authors: Y
authors: Bromberg
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Choma
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Cao
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007368:Interferometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*