title: Orquestic regulation of neurotransmitters on reward-seeking behavior.
abstract: The ventral tegmental area is strongly associated with the reward system. Dopamine is released in areas such as the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex as a result of rewarding experiences such as food, sex, and neutral stimuli that become associated with them. Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area or its output pathways can itself serve as a potent reward. Different drugs that increase dopamine levels are intrinsically rewarding. Although the dopaminergic system represent the cornerstone of the reward system, other neurotransmitters such as endogenous opioids, glutamate, γ-Aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, serotonin, adenosine, endocannabinoids, orexins, galanin and histamine all affect this mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Consequently, genetic variations of neurotransmission are thought influence reward processing that in turn may affect distinctive social behavior and susceptibility to addiction. Here, we discuss current evidence on the orquestic regulation of different neurotranmitters on reward-seeking behavior and its potential effect on drug addiction.
authors: Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico ; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Ajusco Medio, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Oscar
authors: O
authors: Arias-Carrión
authors: Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Xanic
authors: X
authors: Caraza-Santiago
authors: Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Salgado-Licona
authors: Toxicology Department and Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Salama
authors: Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Physical Activity Neuroscience Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Machado
authors: Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Antonio Egidio
authors: AE
authors: Nardi
authors: Neurology Unit, Hospital Álvarez-Buylla, Mieres, Spain.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Menéndez-González
authors: Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Murillo-Rodríguez
keywords: Dopamine; Drug addiction; Endocannabinoids; Galanin; Histamine; Orexin; Reward-seeking behavior; Serotonin