title: Sexual dimorphism in developmental programming of the bovine preimplantation embryo caused by colony-stimulating factor 2.
abstract: Physiology of the adult can be modified by alterations in prenatal development driven by the maternal environment. Developmental programming, which can be established before the embryo implants in the uterus, can affect females differently than males. The mechanism by which sex-specific developmental programming is established is not known. Here we present evidence that maternal regulatory signals change female embryos differently than male embryos. In particular, actions of the maternally derived cytokine CSF2 from Day 5 to Day 7 of development affected characteristics of the embryo at Day 15 differently for females than males. CSF2 decreased length and IFNT secretion of female embryos but increased length and IFNT secretion of male embryos. Analysis of a limited number of samples indicated that changes in the transcriptome and methylome caused by CSF2 also differed between female and males. Thus, sex-specific programming by the maternal environment could occur when changes in secretion of maternally derived regulatory molecules alter development of female embryos differently than male embryos.
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Kyle B
authors: KB
authors: Dobbs
authors: Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Dominic
authors: D
authors: Gagné
authors: Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Fournier
authors: Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Dufort
authors: Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Robert
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Ovatech LLC, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Block
authors: Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors: Marc-André
authors: MA
authors: Sirard
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors: Luciano
authors: L
authors: Bonilla
authors: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors: Alan D
authors: AD
authors: Ealy
authors: School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Loureiro
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida pjhansen@ufl.edu.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017849:Animals, Inbred Strains; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004477:Ectogenesis; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008745:Methylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D007377:Interleukin-3; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C020947:interferon tau
keywords: DNA methylation; bovine; colony-stimulating factor 2; cytokines; early development; embryo; epigenetics; gene expression; sex; transcriptome