title: Effect of Origanum chemotypes on broiler intestinal bacteria.
abstract: Essential oils have been proposed as alternatives to antibiotic use in food animal production. This study evaluated 3 chemotypes of the Origanum genus, containing varying amounts of secondary metabolites carvacrol, thymol, and sabinene, in the broiler chicken diet. Aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. (OL), O. vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (OH), and O. majorana (OM) were collected from a greenhouse located in the high altitude Sabana de Bogotá (Savanna of Bogotá) and O. vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (OG) produced and ground in Greece. Oregano essential oils (OEO) from these plants were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Six treatments were evaluated: 200 mg/kg of OEO from OH, OL, and OM, 50 mg/kg of OEO from OG, 500 mg/kg of chlortetracycline, and without additives. Broiler chicks were maintained at 2,600 m above sea level, placed in brooder cages under a completely randomized design. Template DNA was isolated from duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and cecal contents in each group and bacterial 16S rDNA patterns were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Dendrograms of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis band patterns revealed 2 main clusters, OEO-treated chicks and nontreated control chicks, in each intestinal segment. Band patterns from different gut compartments revealed major bacterial population shifts in the foregut (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) compared with the hindgut (cecum and colon) at all ages evaluated (P < 0.05). The OEO groups showed less shift (62.7% similarity coefficient) between these 2 compartments versus the control groups (53.7% similarity coefficient). A reduction of 59% in mortality from ascites was seen in additive-supplemented groups compared with the control group. This study represents the first work to evaluate the effects of the 3 main chemotypes of Origanum genus in broilers.
authors: Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia 110231 lcbetancourt@unisalle.edu.co.
authors: Liliana
authors: L
authors: Betancourt
authors: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Corpoica, Bogotá, Colombia 344300.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Corpoica, Bogotá, Colombia 344300.
authors: Vienvilay
authors: V
authors: Phandanouvong
authors: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Corpoica, Bogotá, Colombia 344300.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Ariza-Nieto
authors: USDA, Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hume
authors: USDA, Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Nisbet
authors: Departament of Animal Production, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia 11001.
authors: German
authors: G
authors: Afanador-Téllez
authors: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962.
authors: Alexandra Martynova
authors: AM
authors: Van Kley
authors: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962.
authors: Armen
authors: A
authors: Nalian
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D003105:Colombia; D000081007:Cymenes; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D006115:Greece; D015994:Incidence; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013943:Thymol; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: carvacrol; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; essential oil; oregano; thymol