title: Cytokine profiles in clinical subtypes of ophthalmic Graves' disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of cytokines in the two clinical subtypes of ophthalmic Graves' disease by comparing cytokine expression in the fat and ethmoid tissue of type I and type II patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients needing orbital decompression or eyelid surgery were identified and enrolled into a prospective study. Patients were assigned to the type I or type II subclassification, based on the presence of diplopia. Orbital fat, sinus tissue or muscle removed during surgery was evaluated. The mRNA expression profiles of Th1 cytokines (TNF-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10) were analyzed using real time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  30 patients were enrolled in the study: 5 type I (80% female), 14 type II (71% female) and 11 controls (73% female). There were 14 decompressions (3 type I and 11 type II), 17 lid procedures (2 type I, 4 type II and 11 controls) and 10 ethmoidectomies (3 type I and 7 type II). The average ages were 45, 56 and 66 in the type I, type II and control groups, respectively. There was more TNF-alpha (p value 0.009) and IL-6 (p value 0.04) in ethmoid sinus cells of type II patients compared to ethmoid sinus cells of type I patients and a trend of higher expression of all cytokines in type II patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a trend towards greater mRNA expression of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in both orbital fat and ethmoidal sinus tissue of type II patients compared to type I patients.
authors: Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, KU Eye, University of Kansas , Prairie Village, Kansas , USA .
authors: Rebecca A
authors: RA
authors: Linquist
authors: R C Andrew
authors: RC
authors: Symons
authors: Bliss
authors: B
authors: O'Bryhim
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Whittaker
authors: Jason A
authors: JA
authors: Sokol
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Cytokines; graves disease; thyroid