title: Ciliary body toxicities of systemic oxcarbazepine and valproic acid treatments: electron microscopic study.
abstract: Ciliary body is responsible for humour aqueous production in posterior chamber. Valproic acid (VPA) has been widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric diseases such as bipolar disease and major depression. Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a new anti-epileptic agent that has been used recently for childhood epilepsies such as VPA. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of VPA and OXC treatments used as antiepileptic in ciliary body by electron microscopy. In our study, 40 Wistar rats (21 days old) were divided equally into four groups which were applied saline (group 1), VPA (group 2), OXC (group 3) and VPA + OXC (group 4). The as-prepared ocular tissues were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique in scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM-TEM) (Carl Zeiss EVO LS10). The results confirmed that VPA caused dense ciliary body degeneration. Additionally, ciliary body degeneration in group 4 was supposed to be due to VPA treatment. Ciliary body damage and secondary outcomes should be considered in patients with long-term VPA therapy.
authors: Department of Histology and.
authors: Güleser
authors: G
authors: Göktaş
authors: Zeynep
authors: Z
authors: Aktaş
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Erdoğan
authors: Cemile Merve
authors: CM
authors: Seymen
authors: Emine Esra
authors: EE
authors: Karaca
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Cansu
authors: Ayşe
authors: A
authors: Serdaroğlu
authors: Gülnur Take
authors: GT
authors: Kaplanoğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine
keywords: Ciliary body; electron microscopy; oxcarbazepine; valproic acid