title: Cardiovascular risk factors in 2011 and secular trends since 2007: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular risk factor levels in 2011 and 4-year changes between 2007 and 2011 were examined using data collected in follow-ups of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 2063 Finnish adults aged 34-49 years (45% male). Lipid and blood pressure levels, glucose and anthropometry were measured and life style risk factors examined with questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean total cholesterol level in 2011 was 5.19 mmol/l, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol 3.27 mmol/l, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol 1.33 mmol/l, and triglycerides 1.34 mmol/l. Using American Diabetes Association criteria, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was observed in 4.1% and prediabetes (fasting glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or glycated hemoglobin 5.7-6.4%) diagnosed for 33.8% of the participants. Significant changes (P < 0.05) between 2007 and 2011 included an increase in waist circumference (3.3%) in women. In both sexes, systolic (-3.0% in women, -4.0% in men) and diastolic (-3.0% in women, -3.3% in men) blood pressure and triglycerides (-3.4% in women, -6.5% in men) decreased during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previously observed favorable trends in ldl-cholesterol levels have leveled off among a sample of young and middle-aged adults in finland triglyceride and blood pressure levels have decreased over one-third of the study population had prediabetes and may be at increased risk for T2D:
authors: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland jovanu@utu.fi.
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Nuotio
authors: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Mervi
authors: M
authors: Oikonen
authors: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors: Costan G
authors: CG
authors: Magnussen
authors: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Eero
authors: E
authors: Jokinen
authors: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Tomi
authors: T
authors: Laitinen
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Hutri-Kähönen
authors: Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kähönen
authors: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.
authors: Terho
authors: T
authors: Lehtimäki
authors: Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Leena
authors: L
authors: Taittonen
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Päivi
authors: P
authors: Tossavainen
authors: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
authors: Antti
authors: A
authors: Jula
authors: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
authors: Britt-Marie
authors: BM
authors: Loo
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Jorma Sa
authors: JS
authors: Viikari
authors: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland The Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Olli T
authors: OT
authors: Raitakari
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Juonala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Cardiovascular; risk factors; secular trend