title: Pharmacogenetics in neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas.
abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from cells distributed throughout the endocrine system. Although, NETs are heterogeneous in their behavior, they tend to be more aggressive when arising in the pancreas. Pancreatic NET (panNET) represents three percent of all primary pancreatic neoplasms. Symptomatic and progressive panNETs are generally treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, whereas molecular targeted therapy is used for nonfunctional tumors without aggressive features. Pharmacogenetics has increasingly been used recently to better identify potential targets for therapy and help select patient-specific therapy. In this review, we discuss two abstracts (Abstracts #4113 and #e15169) presented at the ASCO Annual Meeting in Chicago this year, outlining the potential role of tumor gene and gene product profiling in disease management. We describe what is known about the pathogenesis of these tumors, role of decreased gene product expression (MGMT, RRM1, MET) and its application in cytotoxic therapy selection, as well as genetic mutations that can be used for molecular targeted therapy. With an overall shift towards personalized medicine, it has become ever more important to identify the molecular signature of a tumor as it appears to dictate the clinical behavior and response to therapy.
authors: Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Cancer Institute. Hershey, PA, USA. yjia@hmc.psu.edu.
authors: Syed Mujtaba
authors: SM
authors: Rizvi
authors: Joyce
authors: J
authors: Wong
authors: Muhammad Wasif
authors: MW
authors: Saif
authors: Yuxia
authors: Y
authors: Jia
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C475286:RRM1 protein, human; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; C491743:MET protein, human; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes