title: The Rintala flap: a versatile procedure for nasal reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the nasal reconstruction, local flap using the adjacent tissue is selected from an esthetic viewpoint. The Rintala flap is a useful option, and reconstruction of the glabellar over the nasal tip with this flap is ideal, for which the procedure was modified to increase the blood flow to the Rintala flap to extend its clinical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  For defects of the glabellar over the middle one third of nasal dorsum, the Rintala flap is transferred employing the original design and technique dissected on supraperiosteal plane. For defects of the lower one third of nasal dorsum over the nasal tip, blood supply through the lateral nasal artery is added to the distal end of the flap, preparing a long flap with stable blood supply like Maruyama described in 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This procedure was applied for nasal reconstruction in 15 patients. The Rintala flap was applied in 12 and the modified Rintala flap with adding blood flow from the lateral nasal artery was applied in 3. Blood supply to the flap was very stable in all patients, and favorable outcomes were achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this procedure, the natural contour and morphology of the glabellar over the nasal tip may be reconstructed. The technique is simple and easy. Using this procedure, clinical applications of the Rintala flap can be extended, showing that it is a useful nasal reconstructive procedure.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toho University. Electronic address: prsoni@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Onishi
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toho University. Electronic address: prsokap@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors: Emi
authors: E
authors: Okada
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center. Electronic address: akiko.hirata@med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome