title: Low density lipoprotein-containing circulating immune complexes: role in atherosclerosis and diagnostic value.
abstract: It has been suggested that low density lipoprotein-containing circulating immune complexes (LDL-CIC) play a role in atherogenesis and are involved in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesion. These complexes, as well as anti-LDL autoantibodies, have been found in the blood and in the atherosclerotic lesions of patients with different cardiovascular diseases, as well as in the blood of animals with experimental atherosclerosis. It can be suggested that the presence of anti-LDL antibodies in the blood is a result of immune response induced by lipoprotein modification. LDL-CIC differs from native LDL in many aspects. It has much lower sialic acid content, smaller diameter, and higher density and is more electronegative than native LDL. Fraction of LDL-CICs is fundamental to the serum atherogenicity manifested at the cellular level. LDL-CIC, unlike native LDL, is able to induce intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids, especially esterified cholesterol, in cells cultured from uninvolved human aortic intima and in macrophage cultures. After removal of LDL-CIC, the CHD patient's sera lose their atherogenic properties. Titer of LDL-CIC in blood serum significantly correlates with progression of atherosclerosis in human in vivo and has the highest diagnostic value among other measured serum lipid parameters. Elevated CIC-cholesterol might well be a possible risk factor of coronary atherosclerosis.
authors: Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia ; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Igor A
authors: IA
authors: Sobenin
authors: Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ; MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Jukka T
authors: JT
authors: Salonen
authors: Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia ; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Andrey V
authors: AV
authors: Zhelankin
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Alexandra A
authors: AA
authors: Melnichenko
authors: The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors: Jari
authors: J
authors: Kaikkonen
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
authors: Yuri V
authors: YV
authors: Bobryshev
authors: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia ; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Alexander N
authors: AN
authors: Orekhov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000097:blood*; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol