title: Evaluating subjective domains of antipsychotic-induced adverse effects using heart rate variability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antipsychotic-induced autonomic dysregulation may lead to a wide range of subjective side-effects in schizophrenia patients. Using heart rate variability (HRV) measures, we prospectively examined the relationship between subjective side-effects and cardiac autonomic regulation in unmedicated schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five unmedicated schizophrenia patients were assessed for antipsychotic-associated side-effects and HRV parameters at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Psychiatric symptoms and subjective side-effects were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between subjective adverse effects and HRV measures at baseline and at week 6 varied. Nonetheless, the changes in the psychic side-effects domain were significantly correlated with the changes in time-domain HRV measures and sample entropy (SampEn). In addition, the change in SampEn was significantly associated with that in the scores of extrapyramidal, anticholinergic, miscellaneous, and red herring domains as well as the mean total LUNSERS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline HRV measures may predict clinical response and adverse events associated with treatment adherence. Also, subjective side-effects may correspond well with the changes in neurocardiac dynamics, and the changes in SampEn may effectively reflect subjective discomfort in patients receiving antipsychotic treatment.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Jae Seung
authors: JS
authors: Chang
authors: Samuel Suk-Hyun
authors: SS
authors: Hwang
authors: Sang Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Yi
authors: Yeni
authors: Y
authors: Kim
authors: Yu-Sang
authors: YS
authors: Lee
authors: Yong Sik
authors: YS
authors: Kim
authors: Hee-Yeon
authors: HY
authors: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: antipsychotic; heart rate variability; schizophrenia; subjective side-effect; treatment adherence