title: The influence of ethnicity on the outcomes of violence in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of ethnicity on immediate and long-term (five years post-partum) foetal, maternal and injury-related outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, population-based study analysing maternal discharge records linked to birth/death certificates for women aged 25 years and under. Discharge records were grouped according to ethnicity (Maori and non-Maori) and as follows: (1) a pregnancy-related hospital admission, but no associated or subsequent assault recorded (pregnant only); (2) an assault-related hospital admission event after the pregnancy, but within five years of the index pregnancy (assault after pregnancy); and (3) an assault recorded within the same hospital admission event as the pregnancy (assault during pregnancy). Generalised linear models for the binomial family were conducted to explore increased risk ratios of pregnancy-related and subsequent injury outcomes depending on ethnicity and group assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the pregnancy-only group, rate ratios (RRs) for maternal and foetal outcomes were higher in the assault after pregnancy group and the assault during pregnancy group. For injury outcomes in the five years after the injury event, RRs for the assault after pregnancy group exceeded both the pregnancy-only and the assault during pregnancy groups. RRs for non-Maori women assaulted after pregnancy were higher for injury hospitalisations, fracture and intracranial injury than those for Maori women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that Maori women experience a higher prevalence of severe intimate partner violence and more difficulties accessing health care, we suggest that the findings highlight potential problems for health care access for Maori women experiencing violence.
authors: a School of Population Health , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors: Pauline
authors: P
authors: Gulliver
authors: Robyn
authors: R
authors: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: ethnicity; health care access; violence against women