title: The -9/+9 polymorphism of the bradykinin receptor Beta 2 gene and athlete status: a study involving two European cohorts.
abstract: Previous studies concerning the relevance of BDKRB2 gene polymorphisms revealed that the absence (-9 allele) of a nine-base-pair sequence in exon 1 of the BDKRB2 gene is correlated with higher skeletal muscle metabolic efficiency, glucose uptake during exercise, and endurance athletic performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the BDKRB2 -9/+9 polymorphism and elite athletic status in two cohorts of eastern European athletes. We examined the genotype distribution of the BDKRB2 9/+9 polymorphic site in a group of Polish athletes and confirmed the results obtained in a replication study of Russian athletes. Three hundred and two Polish athletes and 684 unrelated sedentary controls, as well as 822 Russian athletes and 507 unrelated sedentary volunteers, were recruited for this study. All samples were genotyped for the -9/+9 polymorphism within exon 1 of the BDKRB2 gene using polymerase chain reaction. Significance was assessed by chi square analysis with Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing. We found no statistical difference in the -9/+9 genotype and allele frequencies in two groups of athletes divided into four subgroups: endurance, sprint-endurance, sprint-strength, and strength athletes, compared with controls. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies (p = 0.477) and genotype distribution (p = 0.278) in the initial and replication studies. Thus, no association was found between the BDKRB2 -9/+9 polymorphism and elite athletic status in two cohorts of eastern European athletes.
authors: Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland. AND Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Sawczuk
authors: Sports Genetics Laboratory, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 191040, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors: Yevgeniya I
authors: YI
authors: Timshina
authors: Sports Genetics Laboratory, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 191040, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors: Irina V
authors: IV
authors: Astratenkova
authors: Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland. AND Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Maciejewska-Karlowska
authors: Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland. AND Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Leońska-Duniec
authors: Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Ficek
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012, Kazan, Russia. AND Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia.
authors: Leysan J
authors: LJ
authors: Mustafina
authors: Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
authors: Pawel
authors: P
authors: Cięszczyk
authors: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Academy of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Klocek
authors: Sports Genetics Laboratory, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 191040, St. Petersburg, Russia. AND Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012, Kazan, Russia. AND Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia.
authors: Ildus I
authors: II
authors: Ahmetov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2