title: Synergy of bone marrow transplantation and curcumin ensue protective effects at early onset of diabetes in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the early onset effects of diabetes on pro-angiogenic signaling pathway, total number of bone marrow cells, organs (pancreas and kidney) damage and the reversal effect of diabetes by combinatorial treatment of curcumin and bone marrow transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells (2 × 10(6) ) followed by the administration of curcumin (80 mg/kg bodyweight). Effect of diabetes on the different organs was studied by H&E, Western blotting and immunofluorescence using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), insulin, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of diabetes results in the reduction of the total cell number and viability of the bone marrow cells, organ degeneration and lower VEGF/PECAM expression. However, transplantation with normal bone marrow cells significantly reduced the blood glucose levels (above normal range) and initiated the organ regeneration via the VEGF/PECAM mediated manner. Curcumin treatment further reduced the blood glucose level (near normal); and accelerated the organ regeneration, enhanced VEGF/PECAM expression and decreased caspase expression level in the organs. Curcumin also had a protective role against the glucotoxicity test performed on the bone marrow cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that bone marrow transplantation and curcumin administration is an effective treatment in reversing the early onset effects of diabetes via the VEGF/PECAM signaling pathway.
authors: School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
authors: Arivarasan
authors: A
authors: Arivazhagan
authors: School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
authors: Soni
authors: S
authors: Krishna
authors: School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.|Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University De Roma, Rome, Italy.
authors: Shivangi
authors: S
authors: Yadav
authors: School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.|Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors: Harshit Rajesh
authors: HR
authors: Shah
authors: School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.|Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.|Adjunct Faculty, Neurology Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Pravir
authors: P
authors: Kumar
authors: School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.|Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
authors: Rashmi Kumar
authors: RK
authors: Ambasta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: bone marrow transplantation; curcumin; diabetes; platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule; vascular endothelial growth factor; 关键词：骨髓移植，姜黄素，糖尿病，血小板/内皮细胞粘附分子，血管内皮生长因子