title: Neuraminidase gene homology contributes to the protective activity of influenza vaccines prepared from the influenza virus library.
abstract: Whole-virus (WV) vaccines from influenza A/duck/Hokkaido/77 (H3N2), and its reassortant strains H3N4, H3N5 and H3N7, which have the same haemagglutinin (HA) gene but different neuraminidase (NA) genes, were prepared from our influenza virus library. Mice were intranasally immunized with equivalent doses of each vaccine (1-0.01 µg per mouse). All of the mice that received the highest dose of each vaccine (1 µg per mouse) showed equivalent high HA-inhibiting (HI) antibody titres and survived the H3N2 challenge viruses. However, mice that received lower doses of vaccine (0.1 or 0.01 µg per mouse) containing a heterologous NA had lower survival rates than those given the H3N2-based vaccine. The lungs of mice challenged with H3N2 virus showed a significantly higher virus clearance rate when the vaccine contained the homologous NA (N2) versus a heterologous NA, suggesting that NA contributed to the protection, especially when the HI antibody level was low. These results suggested that, even if vaccines prepared for a possible upcoming pandemic do not induce sufficient HI antibodies, WV vaccines can still be effective through other matched proteins such as NA.
authors: Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Kagawa, Japan.|Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.|Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Ahmad M
authors: AM
authors: Haredy
authors: Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yamada
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Sakoda
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Okamatsu
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.|Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Omasa
authors: Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.|Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yasuko
authors: Y
authors: Mori
authors: Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.|Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kida
authors: Department of Laboratory Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.|Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Shigefumi
authors: S
authors: Okamoto
authors: Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Okuno
authors: Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Kagawa, Japan.|Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Yamanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015723:Gene Library; D005814:Genes, Viral; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase