title: Dietary patterns derived with multiple methods from food diaries and breast cancer risk in the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In spite of several studies relating dietary patterns to breast cancer risk, evidence so far remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate associations of dietary patterns derived with three different methods with breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), principal components analyses (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) were used to derive dietary patterns in a case-control study of 610 breast cancer cases and 1891 matched controls within four UK cohort studies. Dietary intakes were collected prospectively using 4- to 7-day food diaries and resulting food consumption data were grouped into 42 food groups. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between pattern scores and breast cancer risk adjusting for relevant covariates. A separate model was fitted for post-menopausal women only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDS was not associated with breast cancer risk (OR comparing first tertile with third 1.20 (95% CI 0.92; 1.56)), nor the first PCA-derived dietary pattern, explaining 2.7% of variation of diet and characterized by cheese, crisps and savoury snacks, legumes, nuts and seeds (OR 1.18 (95% CI 0.91; 1.53)). The first RRR-derived pattern, a 'high-alcohol' pattern, was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.00; 1.62), which was most pronounced in post-menopausal women (OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.08; 1.98)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 'high-alcohol' dietary pattern derived with RRR was associated with an increased breast cancer risk; no evidence of associations of other dietary patterns with breast cancer risk was observed in this study.
authors: 1] King's College London, London, UK [2] MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK.
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Pot
authors: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Stephen
authors: 1] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK [2] Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Dahm
authors: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Key
authors: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Cairns
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Burley
authors: Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Cade
authors: Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Greenwood
authors: 1] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK [2] MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK [3] Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Keogh
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bhaniani
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: McTaggart
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: M A H
authors: MA
authors: Lentjes
authors: MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, UK.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mishra
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Brunner
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology