title: Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral stress management in breast cancer: a brief report of effects on 5-year depressive symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survivors of breast cancer experience stress and are at risk for depressive symptoms following primary treatment. Group-based interventions such as cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) delivered postsurgery for nonmetastatic breast cancer (BCa) were previously associated with fewer depressive symptoms over a 12-month follow-up; few studies have examined the longer-term benefits of such psychosocial interventions. This 5-year follow-up study of a previously conducted trial (#NCT01422551) tested whether group-based CBSM following surgery for nonmetastatic BCa was associated with fewer depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (N = 240) with Stage 0-IIIb BCa were recruited 2-10 weeks postsurgery and randomized to a 10-week CBSM intervention group or a 1-day psycho-educational control group. Women were recontacted 5 years poststudy enrollment and reconsented to participate in the follow-up study (N = 130). Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses were employed to test for group differences on the CES-D at 5-year follow-up accounting for relevant covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants assigned to CBSM reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms (M = 9.99, SE = 0.93) at the follow-up compared with those in the control group (M = 12.97, SE = 0.99), p = .030. With covariates, the group difference remained significant, p = .012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who received CBSM postsurgery for BCa reported fewer depressive symptoms than those in the control group in this 5-year follow-up. Psychosocial interventions early in treatment may influence long-term psychological well-being in BCa survivors.
authors: Department of Psychology.
authors: Jamie M
authors: JM
authors: Stagl
authors: Department of Psychology.
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Antoni
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sylvester Cancer Center.
authors: Suzanne C
authors: SC
authors: Lechner
authors: Department of Psychology.
authors: Laura C
authors: LC
authors: Bouchard
authors: Sylvester Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology.
authors: Bonnie B
authors: BB
authors: Blomberg
authors: Sylvester Cancer Center, Division Hematology and Oncology.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Glück
authors: Baptist Health Breast Center.
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: Derhagopian
authors: Department of Psychology.
authors: Charles S
authors: CS
authors: Carver
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology