title: Effects of micro-amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on rabbit inflammatory immune response and development of atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide is associated with the immune response and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of micro-amounts of Pg-lipopolysaccharide on rabbit inflammatory immune response and the development of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Group A was fed a regular diet and normal saline. Group B was supplied with a high-fat diet and normal saline. Group C was treated with a normal diet and Pg-lipopolysaccharide. Group D was given a high-fat diet and Pg-lipopolysaccharide. After 14 wk, the rabbits were killed to determine the changes in pathological indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum lipid levels of groups B and D were significantly higher than that of group A (p < 0.01), and that of group C was higher (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly elevated by individual high-fat diets or Pg-lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p < 0.05). Groups A and C did not undergo evident aortic pathological damages, while foam cells appeared in the other two groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction detection showed that toll-like receptor-2, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were highly expressed in groups B and D (p < 0.05), and toll-like receptor-4, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were higher than those of group A (p < 0.05). Western blotting showed that transcription factor NF-κB p65 was expressed more highly in the three experimental groups than in group A (t = 9.26, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Micro-amounts of Pg-lipopolysaccharide induced the high expressions of inflammatory factors and mediated the inflammatory response. Pg-lipopolysaccharide elevated the blood lipid level less significantly than the high-fat diet did, but it may promote atherosclerosis.
authors: School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, and Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Lin
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Shi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lei
authors: X
authors: X
authors: You
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Huang
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Luo
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004547:Elastic Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000097:blood; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000097:blood; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide; atherosclerosis; immune response; inflammation