title: Induction of apoptosis in hormone-resistant human prostate cancer PC3 cells by inactivated Sendai virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inactivated Sendai virus particle [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E)] has a potential oncolytic effect due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cells mediated by HVJ-E has not been fully elucidated. This paper aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of apoptosis induction by HVJ-E in prostate cancer cells (PC3).
  
  
  METHODS
  PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various MOI, and then interferon-β (IFN-β) production, and the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by ELISA, MTT-based assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Next, the roles of Jak-Stat, MAPK and Akt pathways played in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells were analyzed by immunoblot assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E on PC3 cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected into prostate cancers on BALB/c-nude mice, and the tumor volume was monitored for 36 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HVJ-E induced IFN-β production and activated Jak-Stat signaling pathway, which resulted in the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP in PC3 prostate cancer cells post HVJ-E treatment. Furthermore, we observed for the first time that p38 and Jnk MAPKs in PC3 cells contributed to HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. In addition, intratumoral HVJ-E treatment displayed a direct inhibitory effect in an in vivo BALB/c nude mouse prostate cancer model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms by which HVJ-E induces apoptosis in tumor cells.
authors: College of Clinical Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Gao
authors: Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Xiao Cheng
authors: XC
authors: Gong
authors: College of Clinical Medicine of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Ze Dong
authors: ZD
authors: Chen
authors: Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Xiao Shuang
authors: XS
authors: Xu
authors: Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Quan
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 225008, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Xiang Ming
authors: XM
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Apoptosis; Caspase; Inactivated Sendai virus (HVJ-E); Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)