title: Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL induces osteoclastogenesis of periodontal ligament cells and enhances alveolar bone resorption in rats.
abstract: Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontal pathogen that contains a variety of virulence factors. The antibody titer to P. gingivalis GroEL, a homologue of HSP60, is significantly higher in periodontitis patients than in healthy control subjects, suggesting that P. gingivalis GroEL is a potential stimulator of periodontal disease. However, the specific role of GroEL in periodontal disease remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of P. gingivalis GroEL on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro, as well as its effect on alveolar bone resorption in rats in vivo. First, we found that stimulation of PDL cells with recombinant GroEL increased the secretion of the bone resorption-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, potentially via NF-κB activation. Furthermore, GroEL could effectively stimulate PDL cell migration, possibly through activation of integrin α1 and α2 mRNA expression as well as cytoskeletal reorganization. Additionally, GroEL may be involved in osteoclastogenesis via receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) activation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA inhibition in PDL cells. Finally, we inoculated GroEL into rat gingiva, and the results of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric assays indicated that the administration of GroEL significantly increased inflammation and bone loss. In conclusion, P. gingivalis GroEL may act as a potent virulence factor, contributing to osteoclastogenesis of PDL cells and resulting in periodontal disease with alveolar bone resorption.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Feng-Yen
authors: FY
authors: Lin
authors: Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Fung-Ping
authors: FP
authors: Hsiao
authors: Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Yao
authors: CY
authors: Huang
authors: Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Ming
authors: CM
authors: Shih
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Nai-Wen
authors: NW
authors: Tsao
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Chien-Sung
authors: CS
authors: Tsai
authors: Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Shue-Fen
authors: SF
authors: Yang
authors: Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Nen-Chung
authors: NC
authors: Chang
authors: Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Shan-Ling
authors: SL
authors: Hung
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yi-Wen
authors: YW
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D039423:Integrin alpha1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039421:Integrin alpha2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D039423:Integrin alpha1; D039421:Integrin alpha2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human