title: Evidence of inflammatory system involvement in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease underpinned by both genetic and environmental etiologic factors. Recent findings suggest that inflammation may be a pathogenic factor in the onset and progression of both familial and sporadic PD. Understanding the precise role of inflammatory factors in PD will likely lead to understanding of how the disease arises. In vivo evidence for inflammation in PD includes dysregulated molecular mediators such as cytokines, complement system and its receptors, resident microglial activation, peripheral immune cells invasion, and altered composition and phenotype of peripheral immune cells. The growing awareness of these factors has prompted novel approaches to modulate the immune system, although it remains whether these approaches can be used in humans. Influences of ageing and differential exposure to environmental agents suggest potential host-pathogen specific pathophysiologic factors. There is a clear need for research to further unravel the pathophysiologic role of immunity in PD, with the potential of developing new therapeutic targets for this debilitating condition.
authors: National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433 ; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857.
authors: Yinxia
authors: Y
authors: Chao
authors: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648 ; Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545.
authors: Siew Cheng
authors: SC
authors: Wong
authors: National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433 ; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 ; Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608 ; Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute (SGH Campus), 20 College Road, Academia Level 4, Singapore 169856.
authors: Eng King
authors: EK
authors: Tan
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators