title: Trend of the risk and protective factors of chronic diseases in adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2009 e 2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey in its two editions, 2009 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies, with Confidence Interval of 95%, of the following demographic variables were compared: food intake, body image, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence was compared in the two editions of the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of students who attend two physical education classes a week was maintained at 49% between 2009 and 2012, increasing in public schools from 50.6% (95%CI 49.8 - 51.4) to 52.5% (95%CI 49.2 - 55.7), and decreasing in private schools. There was no change in the proportion of students who watch two hours or more of television daily, about 80%. As for body image, there was no change between the two editions, and about 60% considered themselves being of normal weight. There was a reduction in the percentage of adolescents who experienced cigarettes, from 24.2% (95%CI 23.6 - 24.8) to 22.3% (95%CI 21.4 - 23.2), and the prevalence of smoking was maintained at about 6% (there was no statistical difference between 2009 and 2012). The consumption of beans, fruits, sweets and soft drinks also decreased. Frequency of drug experimentation was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.3 - 9.1) in 2009, and 9.6% (95%CI 9.0 - 10.3) in 2012, with no difference between confidence intervals, and the frequency of alcohol experimentation was maintained at about 70%; the percentage of use in the past 30 days was also maintained at around 27%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Brazilian capitals, the vast majority of prevalence of risk factors were kept stable in the two editions of the National Survey of School. These data generate evidence to guide the implementation of public policies to minimize the exposure of adolescents to risk factors.
authors: Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Deborah Carvalho
authors: DC
authors: Malta
authors: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Marco Antonio Ratzsch
authors: MA
authors: de Andreazzi
authors: Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Maryane
authors: M
authors: Oliveira-Campos
authors: Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Silvania Suely Caribé de Araújo
authors: SS
authors: Andrade
authors: Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors: Naíza Nayla Bandeira
authors: NN
authors: de Sá
authors: Pan-American Health Organization, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Lenildo
authors: L
authors: de Moura
authors: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Antonio José Ribeiro
authors: AJ
authors: Dias
authors: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Claudio Dutra
authors: CD
authors: Crespo
authors: Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors: Jarbas Barbosa
authors: JB
authors: da Silva Júnior
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D065840:Protective Factors; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D013997:Time Factors