title: Articulatory-acoustic vowel space: application to clear speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) often exhibit decreased range of movement secondary to the disease process, which has been shown to affect articulatory movements. A number of investigations have failed to find statistically significant differences between control and disordered groups, and between speaking conditions, using traditional vowel space area measures. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate both between-group (PD versus control) and within-group (habitual versus clear) differences in articulatory function using a novel vowel space measure, the articulatory-acoustic vowel space (AAVS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The novel AAVS is calculated from continuously sampled formant trajectories of connected speech. In the current study, habitual and clear speech samples from twelve individuals with PD along with habitual control speech samples from ten neurologically healthy adults were collected and acoustically analyzed. In addition, a group of listeners completed perceptual rating of speech clarity for all samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with PD were perceived to exhibit decreased speech clarity compared to controls. Similarly, the novel AAVS measure was significantly lower in individuals with PD. In addition, the AAVS measure significantly tracked changes between the habitual and clear conditions that were confirmed by perceptual ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study, the novel AAVS measure is shown to be sensitive to disease-related group differences and within-person changes in articulatory function of individuals with PD. Additionally, these data confirm that individuals with PD can modulate the speech motor system to increase articulatory range of motion and speech clarity when given a simple prompt.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will be able to (i) describe articulatory behavior observed in the speech of individuals with Parkinson disease; (ii) describe traditional measures of vowel space area and how they relate to articulation; (iii) describe a novel measure of vowel space, the articulatory-acoustic vowel space and its relationship to articulation and the perception of speech clarity.
authors: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 200 Health and Human Services Building, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA. Electronic address: jawhitf@bgsu.edu.
authors: Jason A
authors: JA
authors: Whitfield
authors: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 200 Health and Human Services Building, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
authors: Alexander M
authors: AM
authors: Goberman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acoustics; Articulatory–acoustic vowel space (AAVS); Clear speech; Parkinson disease; Perception; Vowel space