title: Tumescent local anesthesia for hand surgery: improved results, cost effectiveness, and wide-awake patient satisfaction.
abstract: This is a review article of the wide-awake approach to hand surgery. More than 95% of all hand surgery can now be performed without a tourniquet. Epinephrine is injected with lidocaine for hemostasis and anesthesia instead of a tourniquet and sedation. This is sedation-free surgery, much like a visit to a dental office. The myth of danger of using epinephrine in the finger is reviewed. The wide awake technique is greatly improving results in tendon repair, tenolysis, and tendon transfer. Here, we will explain its advantages.
authors: Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada.
authors: Donald
authors: D
authors: Lalonde
authors: Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada.
authors: Alison
authors: A
authors: Martin
keywords: Epinephrine; Local anesthesia; Tourniquet