title: An organotypic brain slice preparation from adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A long-term in vitro preparation of diseased brain tissue would facilitate work on human pathologies. Organotypic tissue cultures retain an appropriate neuronal form, spatial arrangement, connectivity and electrical activity over several weeks. However, they are typically prepared with tissue from immature animals. In work using tissue from adult animals or humans, survival times longer than a few days have not been reported and it is not clear that pathological neuronal activities are retained.
  
  
  METHODS
  We modified tissue preparation procedures and used a defined culture medium to make organotypic cultures of temporal lobe tissue obtained after operations on adult patients with pharmaco-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organototypic culture preparation and maintenance techniques were judged on criteria of morphology and the generation of epileptiform activities. Short-duration (30-100 ms) interictal-like population activities were initiated spontaneously in either the subiculum, dentate gyrus or the CA2/CA3 region, but not the cortex, for up to 3-4 weeks in culture. Ictal-like discharges, of duration greater than 10s, were induced by convulsants. Epileptiform activities were modulated by both glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our methods now permit the maintenance in organotypic culture of epileptic adult human tissue, generating appropriate epileptiform activity over 3-4 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that characteristic morphology and pathological activities are maintained in organotypic cultures of adult human tissue. These cultures should permit studies on the effects of prolonged drug treatments and long-term procedures such as viral transduction.
authors: Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France; INSERM, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; UPMC Univ Paris, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005 France. Electronic address: emmanuel.eugene@inserm.fr.
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Eugène
authors: Service Microscopie, Centre de recherche biomedicale, CHU Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, 16 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75870, France.
authors: Françoise
authors: F
authors: Cluzeaud
authors: INSERM, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; UPMC Univ Paris, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005 France.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Cifuentes-Diaz
authors: Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France.
authors: Desdemona
authors: D
authors: Fricker
authors: Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Le Duigou
authors: Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France.
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Clemenceau
authors: Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Baulac
authors: INSERM, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; UPMC Univ Paris, UMR-839, Paris 75005, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005 France.
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Poncer
authors: Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France. Electronic address: richard.miles@upmc.fr.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Miles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003470:Culture Media; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate
keywords: Defined medium; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Human; Organotypic culture