title: The gallbladder: uncommon gallbladder conditions and unusual presentations of the common gallbladder pathological processes.
abstract: This article reviews a spectrum of gallbladder conditions that are either uncommon or represent unusual manifestations of common diseases. These conditions are divided into four major categories: (a) congenital anomalies and normal variants including duplication, ectopia, and lymphangioma; (b) inflammatory processes and stone-related diseases and complications including adenomyomatosis, emphysematous cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, gangrenous and hemorrhagic cholecystitis, perforation, gallstone ileus, and Bouveret and Mirizzi syndromes; (c) gallbladder neoplasms including adenocarcinoma with associated porcelain gallbladder, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, and neurofibroma. A thorough understanding of the imaging characteristics of each condition can help the radiologist to make a timely and accurate diagnosis, thus avoiding potentially harmful delays in patient management and decreasing morbidity and mortality rates.
authors: Department of Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA, margarita.revzin@yale.edu.
authors: Margarita V
authors: MV
authors: Revzin
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Scoutt
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Smitaman
authors: Gary M
authors: GM
authors: Israel
mesh_terms: D005704:Gallbladder / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color