title: The role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in neurite outgrowth.
abstract: Axon regeneration in the mature central nervous system is limited by extrinsic inhibitory signals and a postnatal decline in neurons' intrinsic growth capacity. Neuronal levels of the second messenger cAMP are important in regulating both intrinsic growth capacity and neurons' responses to extrinsic factors. Approaches which increase intracellular cAMP in neurons enhance neurite outgrowth and facilitate regeneration after injury. Thus, understanding the factors which affect cAMP in neurons is of potential therapeutic importance. Recently, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC, ADCY10), the ubiquitous, non-transmembrane adenylyl cyclase, was found to play a key role in neuronal survival and axon growth. sAC is activated by bicarbonate and cations and may translate physiologic signals from metabolism and electrical activity into a neuron's decision to survive or regenerate. Here we critically review the literature surrounding sAC and cAMP signaling in neurons to further elucidate the potential role of sAC signaling in neurite outgrowth and regeneration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in health and disease.
authors: Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Travis L
authors: TL
authors: Stiles
authors: Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Kapiloff
authors: Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: jlgoldberg@ucsd.edu.
authors: Jeffrey L
authors: JL
authors: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D016501:Neurites; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: C579271:ADCY10 protein, human; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases
keywords: Axon growth; Optic nerve; Regeneration; Retinal ganglion cell