title: Sulfonamides and their isosters as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
abstract: Molecules containing the sulfonamide group (R-SO2NH2) as well as its structurally related isosters, sulfamido (R-NH-SO2NH2) and sulfamato (R-O-SO2NH2), constitute the most important class of inhibitors acting on the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1). Despite their presence in the literature, in general the reports lack of a clear and organic overview linking the main structural features of the clinically used inhibitors with the therapeutic aspects. The current review is intended to highlight the structural basis of the interactions of sulfonamide-like groups within the active site of the carbonic anhydrases and will summarize the clinical use of the most interesting molecules for the treatment of relevant pathologies, such as glaucoma, obesity, cancer and CNS-affecting diseases.
authors: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Carta
authors: Claudiu T
authors: CT
authors: Supuran
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Scozzafava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000187:drug effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases