title: Characterization of Aedes aegypti innate-immune pathways that limit Chikungunya virus replication.
abstract: Replication of arboviruses in their arthropod vectors is controlled by innate immune responses. The RNA sequence-specific break down mechanism, RNA interference (RNAi), has been shown to be an important innate antiviral response in mosquitoes. In addition, immune signaling pathways have been reported to mediate arbovirus infections in mosquitoes; namely the JAK/STAT, immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways. Very little is known about these pathways in response to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection, a mosquito-borne alphavirus (Togaviridae) transmitted by aedine species to humans resulting in a febrile and arthralgic disease. In this study, the contribution of several innate immune responses to control CHIKV replication was investigated. In vitro experiments identified the RNAi pathway as a key antiviral pathway. CHIKV was shown to repress the activity of the Toll signaling pathway in vitro but neither JAK/STAT, IMD nor Toll pathways were found to mediate antiviral activities. In vivo data further confirmed our in vitro identification of the vital role of RNAi in antiviral defence. Taken together these results indicate a complex interaction between CHIKV replication and mosquito innate immune responses and demonstrate similarities as well as differences in the control of alphaviruses and other arboviruses by mosquito immune pathways.
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: McFarlane
authors: Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France.
authors: Camilo
authors: C
authors: Arias-Goeta
authors: Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France.
authors: Estelle
authors: E
authors: Martin
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Zoe
authors: Z
authors: O'Hara
authors: Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Aleksei
authors: A
authors: Lulla
authors: Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France.
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Mousson
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Stephanie M
authors: SM
authors: Rainey
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Suzana
authors: S
authors: Misbah
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Schnettler
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Claire L
authors: CL
authors: Donald
authors: Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Andres
authors: A
authors: Merits
authors: MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Kohl
authors: Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France.
authors: Anna-Bella
authors: AB
authors: Failloux
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology*