title: Postoperative imaging of phalloplasties and their complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, we summarize the common phalloplasty indications, surgical techniques, and relevant anatomy. We review the appropriate imaging techniques used in postoperative evaluation of the neophallus and illustrate the postoperative appearance and complications associated with phalloplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phalloplasty is an infrequently encountered yet complex procedure requiring careful postoperative imaging assessment. Modern microsurgical techniques have made free flaps the reference standard in phalloplasty, and the radiologist must be aware of the expected postoperative appearance and complications to appropriately manage these patients.
authors: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Blaschke
authors: Gregory T
authors: GT
authors: Bales
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D057830:Gender-Affirming Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: female-to-male gender reassignment surgery; fistula; neourethra; phalloplasty; radial forearm flap phalloplasty