title: Influence of flavonoid-rich fruit and vegetable intake on diabetic retinopathy and diabetes-related biomarkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) Determine the relationship between dietary flavonoid-rich fruit and vegetable consumption on diabetes-related biomarkers (e.g., HgbA1c) and diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 381 participants with diabetes from the NHANES 2003-2006 were analyzed. Blood samples were taken to measure C-reactive protein (CRP), HgbA1C, and fasting glucose and insulin. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed from a retinal imaging exam. A high-flavonoid fruit and vegetable consumption (HFVC) index variable was created from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustments, greater HFVC was associated (p<0.05) with lower levels of CRP (β=-0.005), HgbA1C (β=-0.005) and glucose (β=-0.59), with greater HFVC reducing the odds of having diabetic retinopathy by 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adults with diabetes consuming more flavonoid-rich fruits and vegetables had lower degrees of inflammation, better glycemic control, and reduced odds of diabetic retinopathy.
authors: Bellarmine University, Department of Exercise Science, Donna & Allan Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Louisville, KY. Electronic address: smahoney@bellarmine.edu.
authors: Sara E
authors: SE
authors: Mahoney
authors: Bellarmine University, Department of Exercise Science, Donna & Allan Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Louisville, KY.
authors: Paul D
authors: PD
authors: Loprinzi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Flavonoid; Fruit and vegetable consumption; Glycemic control; Inflammation