title: Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag(+)/TiO2.
abstract: Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid (OA) was conducted with a Ag(+)/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag(+) greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag(+) was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of TiO2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag(+) can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.
authors: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: chenyingying10@mails.ucas.ac.cn.
authors: Yingying
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: ybxie@ipe.ac.cn.
authors: Yongbing
authors: Y
authors: Xie
authors: State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: hbcao@ipe.ac.cn.
authors: Hongbin
authors: H
authors: Cao
authors: National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D019800:Phenol; D012834:Silver; D010126:Ozone; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Ag(+)/TiO(2); oxalic acid; phenol; photocatalytic ozonation