title: MicroRNAs as key regulators of xenobiotic biotransformation and drug response.
abstract: In the last decade, microRNAs have emerged as key factors that negatively regulate mRNA expression. It has been estimated that more than 50% of protein-coding genes are under microRNA control and each microRNA is predicted to repress several mRNA targets. In this respect, it is recognized that microRNAs play a vital role in various cellular and molecular processes and that, depending on the biological pathways in which they intervene, distorted expression of microRNAs can have serious consequences. It has recently been shown that specific microRNA species are also correlated with toxic responses induced by xenobiotics. Since the latter are primarily linked to the extent of detoxification in the liver by phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes and influx and efflux drug transporters, the regulation of the mRNA levels of this particular set of genes through microRNAs is of great importance for the overall toxicological outcome. Consequently, in this paper, an overview of the current knowledge with respect to the complex interplay between microRNAs and the expression of biotransformation enzymes and drug transporters in the liver is provided. Nuclear receptors and transcription factors, known to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes, are also discussed.
authors: Department of Toxicology, Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium, jbolleyn@vub.ac.be.
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Bolleyn
authors: Joery
authors: J
authors: De Kock
authors: Robim Marcelino
authors: RM
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Vinken
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Rogiers
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Vanhaecke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015262:Xenobiotics