title: Effect of vitamin D₃ overdose and calcium supplementation in experimental nephrolithiasis model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little information in the literature relating supplementary oral usage of vitamin D and calcium to the development of kidney stones.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of high dose, 200 IU of vitamin D3 (V) with calcium supplementation (Ca).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental model consists of insertion of pellets into the bladder of rats. V was administered for 30 days with or without Ca. The rats were divided in 6 groups: 1. Sham, 2. Pellets control; 3. V control; 4. Pellets + V; 5. Pellets + Ca and 6. Pellets + Ca + V.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50% and 17% decreases bladder stones formation in groups 5 and 6, p < 0.005 comparing with the group 2 were observed. There was no hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in all groups. We observed a significant decrease in calciuria in group 6 (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of the V associated with Ca significantly decreased the formation of stones and caused a significant reduction in urinary calcium, suggesting a protection in the lithogenic pathophysiology.
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors: Maria Fátima de Paula
authors: MF
authors: Ramos
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors: Luciane Gomes
authors: LG
authors: de Santana
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors: Clara Versolato
authors: CV
authors: Rasvickas
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors: Vicente de Paulo Castro
authors: Vde P
authors: Teixeira
authors: Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors: Nestor
authors: N
authors: Schor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D062787:Drug Overdose; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002118:Calcium