title: Absorption characteristics of the total alkaloids from Mahonia bealei in an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the absorption characteristics of the total alkaloids from Mahoniae Caulis (TAMC) through the administration of monterpene absorption enhancers or protein inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The absorption behavior was investigated in an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) assay in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intestinal absorption of TAMC was much more than that of a single compound or a mixture of compounds (jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine). Promotion of absorption by the bicyclic monoterpenoids (borneol or camphor) was higher than by the monocyclic monoterpenes (menthol or menthone), and promotion by compounds with a hydroxyl group (borneol or menthol) was higher than those with a carbonyl group (camphor or menthone). The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of TAMC was increased to 1.8-fold by verapamil, while it was reduced to one half by thiamine. The absorption rate constant (Ka) and Papp of TAMC were unchanged by probenecid and pantoprazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intestinal absorption characteristics of TAMC might be passive transport, and the intestinum tenue was the best absorptive site. In addition, TAMC might be likely a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic cation transporters (OCT), rather than multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Compared with a single compound and a mixture of compounds, TAMC was able to be absorbed in the blood circulation effectively.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Yu-He
authors: YH
authors: Sun
authors: School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: He
authors: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Xiao-Lin
authors: XL
authors: Yang
authors: The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu 250200, China.
authors: Cui-Lan
authors: CL
authors: Dong
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: zhangchunfeng67@163.com.
authors: Chun-Feng
authors: CF
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Zi-Jing
authors: ZJ
authors: Song
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Ming-Xing
authors: MX
authors: Lu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Zhong-Lin
authors: ZL
authors: Yang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D004355:Drug Stability; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D028143:Mahonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: Absorption enhancers; In situ single-pass intestinal perfusion; Mahoniae Caulis; Protein inhibitors; Total alkaloids