title: Molecular and morphological identification of mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Brazilian vineyards.
abstract: Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are pests constraining the international trade of Brazilian table grapes. They damage grapes by transmitting viruses and toxins, causing defoliation, chlorosis, and vigor losses and favoring the development of sooty mold. Difficulties in mealybug identification remain an obstacle to the adequate management of these pests. In this study, our primary aim was to identify the principal mealybug species infesting the major table grape-producing regions in Brazil, by morphological and molecular characterization. Our secondary aim was to develop a rapid identification kit based on species-specific Polymerase Chain Reactions, to facilitate the routine identification of the most common pest species. We surveyed 40 sites infested with mealybugs and identified 17 species: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Dysmicoccus sylvarum Williams and Granara de Willink, Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley), Ferrisia cristinae Kaydan and Gullan, Ferrisia meridionalis Williams, Ferrisia terani Williams and Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus baccharidis Williams, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, four taxa closely related each of to Pseudococcus viburni, Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) and Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado, and one specimen from the genus Pseudococcus Westwood. The PCR method developed effectively identified five mealybug species of economic interest on grape in Brazil: D. brevipes, Pl. citri, Ps. viburni, Ph. solenopsis and Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Nevertheless, it is not possible to assure that this procedure is reliable for taxa that have not been sampled already and might be very closely related to the target species.
authors: Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
authors: Vitor C
authors: VC
authors: Pacheco da Silva
authors: Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors: Aline
authors: A
authors: Bertin
authors: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA / UNSA / CNRS BP 167. 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors: Aurélie
authors: A
authors: Blin
authors: ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité d'entomologie et Plantes Invasives Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
authors: Jean-François
authors: JF
authors: Germain
authors: Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Bernardi
authors: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA / UNSA / CNRS BP 167. 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors: Guylène
authors: G
authors: Rignol
authors: Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
authors: Marcos
authors: M
authors: Botton
authors: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR INRA / UNSA / CNRS BP 167. 06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors: Thibaut
authors: T
authors: Malausa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002965:Classification; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010571:Pest Control; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity; D027843:Vitis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV