title: Smoking cessation is associated with lower rates of mood/anxiety and alcohol use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The psychological outcomes that accompany smoking cessation are not yet conclusive but positive outcomes could help to persuade quitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the longitudinal National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between cigarette smoking reduction and Wave 2 status of addiction/mental health disorder among daily smokers at Wave 1, stratified by status of the diagnosis of interest at Wave 1. We adjusted for differences in baseline covariates between smokers with different levels of smoking reduction between Wave 1 and Wave 2 using propensity score regression adjustment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for propensity scores and other mental health/addiction co-morbidities at Wave 2, among daily smokers who had current or lifetime history diagnosis of the outcome of interest at Wave 1, quitting by Wave 2 predicted a decreased risk of mood/anxiety disorder [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-0.9] and alcohol disorder (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.99) at Wave 2. Among daily smokers with no lifetime history diagnosis of the outcome of interest at Wave 1, quitting smoking by Wave 2 predicted a decreased risk of drug use disorder at Wave 2 (aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no support in our data for the concern that smoking cessation would result in smokers' increased risk of some mental disorders. To the contrary, our data suggest that smoking cessation is associated with risk reduction for mood/anxiety or alcohol use disorder, even among smokers who have had a pre-existing disorder.
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Cavazos-Rehg
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Breslau
authors: Department of Psychiatry,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis, MN,USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hatsukami
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Krauss
authors: Department of Mathematics,Washington University in St Louis,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Spitznagel
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Grucza
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Salyer
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Hartz
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis, MO,USA.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Bierut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult