title: Global absolute quantification reveals tight regulation of protein expression in single Xenopus eggs.
abstract: While recent developments in genomic sequencing technology have enabled comprehensive transcriptome analyses of single cells, single cell proteomics has thus far been restricted to targeted studies. Here, we perform global absolute protein quantification of fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, quantifying over 5800 proteins in the largest single cell proteome characterized to date. Absolute protein amounts in single eggs are highly consistent, thus indicating a tight regulation of global protein abundance. Protein copy numbers in single eggs range from tens of thousands to ten trillion copies per cell. Comparison between the single-cell proteome and transcriptome reveal poor expression correlation. Finally, we identify 439 proteins that significantly change in abundance during early embryogenesis. Downregulated proteins include ribosomal proteins and upregulated proteins include basal transcription factors, among others. Many of these proteins do not show regulation at the transcript level. Altogether, our data reveal that the transcriptome is a poor indicator of the proteome and that protein levels are tightly controlled in X. laevis eggs.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Arne H
authors: AH
authors: Smits
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Rik G H
authors: RG
authors: Lindeboom
authors: Department of Developmental Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Perino
authors: Department of Developmental Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Simon J
authors: SJ
authors: van Heeringen
authors: Department of Developmental Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands g.veenstra@science.ru.nl.
authors: Gert Jan C
authors: GJ
authors: Veenstra
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands M.Vermeulen-3@umcutrecht.nl.
authors: Michiel
authors: M
authors: Vermeulen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029867:Xenopus Proteins