title: Association between plasma levels of manganese and periodontal status: a study based on the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to evaluate the association between plasma levels of manganese (Mn) and periodontal status in a representative sample of Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of Mn and periodontal status were analyzed in 1,679 participants, all of whom were ≥19 years old. Plasma levels of Mn were divided into four quartiles: first (<1.057 μg/dL), second (1.057 to 1.274 μg/dL), third (1.275 to 1.544 μg/dL), and fourth (>1.544 μg/dL). Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, oral and general health behavior, oral health status, and systemic conditions. All analyses took into consideration the complex sampling design, and multivariate analyses were performed in the subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between plasma levels of Mn and higher CPI in the total sample. There was a moderate association between first-quartile plasma levels of Mn and higher CPI in males (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25 to 3.63) and current smokers (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.11), compared to the fourth quartile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal status is significantly associated with plasma levels of Mn in Korean adults, especially in men and smokers.
authors: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyang-Sun
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Ji-A
authors: JA
authors: Park
authors: Jun-Sung
authors: JS
authors: Na
authors: Kyoung-Hoon
authors: KH
authors: Lee
authors: Kwang-Hak
authors: KH
authors: Bae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004245:DMF Index; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D009909:Oral Health; D010512:Periodontal Index; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D012923:Social Class; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese
keywords: Antioxidants; inflammation; manganese; nutrition surveys; oxidative stress; periodontal diseases