title: Pain reported during prolonged standing is associated with reduced anticipatory postural adjustments of the deep abdominals.
abstract: Within the context of low back pain, the measurement of deep abdominal anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during rapid limb movement has received much interest. There is dispute about the association between APAs and back pain. Moreover, there is limited evidence examining compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) in back pain. This study examined the relationship between APAs and CPAs with pain reported in the low back during 2 h of prolonged standing. Twenty-six participants with no history of severe back pain performed 2-h prolonged standing. APAs and CPAs of the deep abdominal muscles (transverse abdominis/internal obliques) were measured by surface electromyography during rapid shoulder flexion and extension. APAs and CPAs measured pre-standing revealed symmetrical anticipatory activity, but an asymmetry between the different sides of the abdominal wall for CPAs. APAs and CPAs measured pre-standing were not associated with pain reported during standing. For the whole group, APA amplitudes were reduced post-standing during shoulder flexion (p = 0.005). Pain reported during standing was associated with the changes in APA amplitudes post-standing (rs = 0.43, p = 0.002). These findings support previous research using hypertonic saline injections to induce back pain that showed reduced APA amplitudes, and extends findings to suggest pain does not effect compensatory postural adjustments.
authors: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia, p.marshall@uws.edu.au.
authors: Paul W M
authors: PW
authors: Marshall
authors: Rick
authors: R
authors: Romero
authors: Cristy
authors: C
authors: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000294:innervation*; D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult