title: Effects of silver nanoparticles exposure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have emerged as one of the most commonly used NPs in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. This has caused increasing concern about their fate in the environment as well as uptake and potential toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Accordingly, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to 10 μg L(-1) of Ag NPs and ionic silver (Ag+) for 15 days, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and metal accumulation were determined. Accumulation results show that both Ag NPs and Ag+ accumulated in both gills and digestive glands. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) were activated by Ag NPs and Ag+, showing different antioxidant patterns in both gills and digestive glands. Moreover, metallothionein was inducted in gills, directly related to Ag accumulation, while in the digestive glands only a small fraction of Ag seems to be associated with this protein. Lipid peroxidation was higher in gills exposed to Ag NPs, whereas in the digestive glands only Ag+ induced lipid peroxidation. Ag NPs and Ag+ cause oxidative stress with distinct modes of action and it's not clear if for Ag NPs the observed effects are attributed to free Ag+ ions associated with the nanoparticle effect.
authors: CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. Electronic address: tania.gomes@niva.no.
authors: Tânia
authors: T
authors: Gomes
authors: CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: Catarina G
authors: CG
authors: Pereira
authors: CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: Cátia
authors: C
authors: Cardoso
authors: CENSE and University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: Vânia Serrão
authors: VS
authors: Sousa
authors: CENSE and University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: Margarida Ribau
authors: MR
authors: Teixeira
authors: CBME, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: José P
authors: JP
authors: Pinheiro
authors: CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors: Maria João
authors: MJ
authors: Bebianno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver
keywords: Ag NPs; Biomarkers; Digestive glands; Gills; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Oxidative stress