title: Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei L. casei W8 suppresses energy intake acutely.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Probiotic bacteria have been shown to have various effects on the microbiota; this may also affect appetite and may help promote weight loss and maintenance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei L. casei W8 (L. casei W8) on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses in an isolated pig intestine, in piglets and postprandially in humans. Additionally, the effect on subjective appetite, ad libitum energy intake, and glucose and insulin responses in humans was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Piglets were fed with probiotics for 2 weeks and the effect on glucagon encoding gene (GCG) was investigated. An isolated pig intestine was perfused with L. casei W8 and the GLP-1 response was measured. Twenty-one subjects completed a randomized, controlled, crossover study with three arms. Each participant completed 3 test days testing the effect of low dose (LD) (10(9) CFU), high dose (HD) (10(10) CFU) L. casei W8 or placebo capsule. Subjective appetite was assessed before an ad libitum lunch was served. GLP-1, insulin and glucose concentrations were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks of treatment of piglets with L. casei W8 resulted in an increase in GCG expression compared to control animals (P<.05). L. casei W8 increased the GLP-1 response in the isolated pig intestine. In humans, L. casei W8 had an overall effect on energy intake (P=0.03), but no effects on subjective appetite sensation, overall glucose and insulin response and on GLP-1 release were observed (P>0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probiotic bacteria L. casei W8 appears to lower food intake acutely, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood.
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Electronic address: annetbjerg@gmail.com.
authors: Anne Toksvig
authors: AT
authors: Bjerg
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors: Mette
authors: M
authors: Kristensen
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Ritz
authors: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolism Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors: Jens Juul
authors: JJ
authors: Holst
authors: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolism Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
authors: Thomas Dyrmann
authors: TD
authors: Leser
authors: Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Wellejus
authors: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Astrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D064307:Microbiota; D019518:Postprandial Period; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon
keywords: Appetite; Energy intake; GLP-1; Gut microbiota; Probiotic