title: The lateral brow: position in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite multiple studies regarding modes of eyebrow measurement and movement over time, the lateral aspect of the brow has been relatively ignored in the literature. Therefore, we arranged a study of the most lateral aspect of the eyebrow; in doing so, we hoped to ascertain the most practical line or angle of measurement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, adults age 18 years and older with no history of congenital or acquired periorbital or orbital pathology or surgery, brow tattooing or heavy plucking, phthisis, or strabismus were measured using a combination of in-office metrics and computer analysis. Subjects were asked to identify their ethnicity and country of origin. Models of age, gender, and ethnicity were created.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand twenty-four subjects were included (1,944 eyes). Measurements of nasal ala to lateral brow (NALB), lateral brow plumb line (LBPL; the vertical line between the tail of the brow and a horizontal line extending from the lateral canthus), and angle from the midbrow to the lateral brow tail showed statistically significant decline over time. The angle and LBPL varied mostly by ethnicity. The angle narrowed approximately 3° per 20 years, while the LBPL fell approximately 2.5 mm per 20 years. The NALB varied most by age and fell approximately 3 mm per 20 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lateral tail of the brow descends with age. Measurements of its location and rate of change vary between genders and within ethnic groups. Two easily measured values-NALB and LBPL-can be used for preoperative planning and postoperative documentation.
authors: *Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, U.S.A.; †Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; and ‡Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
authors: Lora Rabin Dagi
authors: LR
authors: Glass
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Lira
authors: Enkhnasan
authors: E
authors: Enkhbold
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Dimont
authors: Stacy
authors: S
authors: Scofield
authors: Pamela R
authors: PR
authors: Sherwood
authors: Bryan J
authors: BJ
authors: Winn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors