title: The bromotyrosine derivative ianthelline isolated from the arctic marine sponge Stryphnus fortis inhibits marine micro- and macrobiofouling.
abstract: The inhibition of marine biofouling by the bromotyrosine derivative ianthelline, isolated from the Arctic marine sponge Stryphnus fortis, is described. All major stages of the fouling process are investigated. The effect of ianthelline on adhesion and growth of marine bacteria and microalgae is tested to investigate its influence on the initial microfouling process comparing with the known marine antifoulant barettin as a reference. Macrofouling is studied via barnacle (Balanus improvisus) settlement assays and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) phenoloxidase inhibition. Ianthelline is shown to inhibit both marine micro- and macrofoulers with a pronounced effect on marine bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values 0.1-10 μg/mL) and barnacle larval settlement (IC50 = 3.0 μg/mL). Moderate effects are recorded on M. edulis (IC50 = 45.2 μg/mL) and microalgae, where growth is more affected than surface adhesion. The effect of ianthelline is also investigated against human pathogenic bacteria. Ianthelline displayed low micromolar MIC values against several bacterial strains, both Gram positive and Gram negative, down to 2.5 μg/mL. In summary, the effect of ianthelline on 20 different representative marine antifouling organisms and seven human pathogenic bacterial strains is presented.
authors: Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactivities and Drug Discovery (MabCent), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, Norway.
authors: Kine O
authors: KO
authors: Hanssen
authors: Gunnar
authors: G
authors: Cervin
authors: Rozenn
authors: R
authors: Trepos
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Petitbois
authors: Tor
authors: T
authors: Haug
authors: Espen
authors: E
authors: Hansen
authors: Jeanette H
authors: JH
authors: Andersen
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Pavia
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Hellio
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Svenson
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000201:enzymology; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; C577283:ianthelline; D014443:Tyrosine; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase