title: Fungal biodegradation of dibutyl phthalate and toxicity of its breakdown products on the basis of fungal and bacterial growth.
abstract: Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid that give flexibility to polyvinyl chloride. Diverse studies have reported that these compounds might be carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic. Radial growth rate, biomass, hyphal thickness of Neurospora sitophyla, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger, grown in two different concentrations of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (500 and 1,000 mg/l) in agar and in submerged fermentation were studied. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the constant of biodegradation of dibutyl phthalate in Escherichia coli cultures were used to evaluate toxicity. The radial growth rate and thickness of the hypha were positively correlated with the concentration of phthalate. The pH of the cultures decreased as the fermentation proceeded. It is shown that these fungi are able to degrade DBP to non-toxic compounds and that these can be used as sole carbon and energy sources by this bacterium. It is demonstrated that the biodegradation of the DBP is directly correlated with the IC50. This is the first study that reports a method to determine the biodegradation of DBP on the basis of the IC50 and fungal growth, and the effect of this phthalate on the growth and thickness of hyphae of filamentous fungi in agar and in submerged fermentation.
authors: Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, México.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ahuactzin-Pérez
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Torres
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Rodríguez-Pastrana
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Soriano-Santos
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Díaz-Godínez
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Díaz
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tlecuitl-Beristain
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D005285:Fermentation; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009491:Neurospora / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D002244:Carbon