title: Matrix metalloproteinases and left ventricular function and structure in spinal cord injured subjects.
abstract: Subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, which has been reported to be attenuated by regular physical activity. This study investigated the relationship between circulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and echocardiographic parameters in SCI subjects and the role of physical activity in this regard. Forty-two men with SCI [19 sedentary (S-SCI) and 23 physically-active (PA-SCI)] were evaluated by clinical, anthropometric, laboratory, and echocardiographic analysis. Plasmatic pro-MMP-2, MMP-2, MMP-8, pro-MMP-9, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and zymography. PA-SCI subjects presented lower pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-2/TIMP-2 levels and improved markers of LV diastolic function (lower E/Em and higher Em and E/A values) than S-SCI ones. Bivariate analysis showed that pro-MMP-2 correlated inversely with Em and directly with E/Em, while MMP-9 correlated directly with LV mass index and LV end-diastolic diameter in the whole sample. Following multiple regression analysis, pro-MMP-2, but not physical activity, remained associated with Em, while MMP-9 was associated with LV mass index in the whole sample. These findings suggest differing roles for MMPs in LV structure and function regulation and an interaction among pro-MMP-2, diastolic function and physical activity in SCI subjects.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Schreiber
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors: Layde R
authors: LR
authors: Paim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors: Guilherme
authors: G
authors: de Rossi
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors: José R
authors: JR
authors: Matos-Souza
authors: School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Anselmo de A
authors: Ade A
authors: Costa E Silva
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors: Cristiane M
authors: CM
authors: Souza
authors: School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Mariane
authors: M
authors: Borges
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Eliza R
authors: ER
authors: Azevedo
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Karina C
authors: KC
authors: Alonso
authors: School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: José I
authors: JI
authors: Gorla
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Cliquet
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. Electronic address: wilnj@fcm.unicamp.br.
authors: Wilson
authors: W
authors: Nadruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Exercise; Heart; Matrix metalloproteinase; Paraplegia; Tetraplegia