title: Diffusion sampler for compound specific carbon isotope analysis of dissolved hydrocarbon contaminants.
abstract: Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is widely utilized to study the fate of organic contaminants in groundwater. To date, however, no method is available to obtain CSIA samples at a fine (cm) spatial scale across the sediment-surface water interface (SWI), a key boundary for discharge of contaminated groundwater to surface water. Dissolved contaminants in such discharged zones undergo rapid temporal and spatial changes due to heterogeneity in redox conditions and microbial populations. The compatibility of a passive sediment pore water sampler ("peeper") to collect 40 mL samples for CSIA of benzene, toluene, monochlorobenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene at field-relevant concentrations (0.1-5 mg L(-1)) was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Results demonstrate that physical diffusion across the polysulfone membrane does not alter the carbon isotope values (±0.5‰). Measured δ(13)C values also remain invariant despite significant adsorption of the compounds on the peeper material, an effect which increased with higher numbers of chlorine atoms and sorption coefficient (Koc) values. In addition, isotope equilibrium between the peeper chamber and the sediment pore water occurred in less than a day, indicating the peeper method can be used to provide samples for CSIA analysis at fine spatial and temporal sampling resolutions in contaminated sediments.
authors: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B5, Canada.
authors: Elodie
authors: E
authors: Passeport
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Landis
authors: Scott O C
authors: SO
authors: Mundle
authors: Katrina
authors: K
authors: Chu
authors: E Erin
authors: EE
authors: Mack
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Lutz
authors: Barbara Sherwood
authors: BS
authors: Lollar
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis; D004058:Diffusion; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014050:Toluene; D002713:Chlorine; C004726:2-dichlorobenzene; D001554:Benzene; C031294:chlorobenzene