title: Ionic composition of submicron particles (PM1.0) during the long-lasting haze period in January 2013 in Wuhan, central China.
abstract: In January 2013, a long-lasting severe haze episode occurred in Northern and Central China; at its maximum, it covered a land area of approximately 1.4 million km(2). In Wuhan, the largest city in Central China, this event was the most severe haze episode in the 21st century. Aerosol samples of submicron particles (PM1.0) were collected during the long-lasting haze episode at an urban site and a suburban site in Wuhan to investigate the ion characteristics of PM1.0 in this area. The mass concentrations of PM1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were almost at the same levels at two sites, which indicates that PM1.0 pollution occurs on a regional scale in Wuhan. WSIIs (Na(+), NH4(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Cl(-), NO3(-) and SO4(2-)) were the dominant chemical species and constituted up to 48.4% and 47.4% of PM1.0 at WD and TH, respectively. The concentrations of PM1.0 and WSIIs on haze days were approximately two times higher than on normal days. The ion balance calculations indicate that the particles were more acidic on haze days than on normal days. The results of the back trajectory analysis imply that the high concentrations of PM1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions may be caused by stagnant weather conditions in Wuhan.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: rongzi1123@163.com.
authors: Hairong
authors: H
authors: Cheng
authors: State Key Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Gong
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: hjgc1891@163.com.
authors: Zuwu
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Xinming
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors: Xiaopu
authors: X
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Xiaoxin
authors: X
authors: Fu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Gan
authors: G
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry*; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: PM(1.0); back trajectory; haze; source; water-soluble inorganic ions