title: A complete molecular diagnostic procedure for applications in surveillance and subtyping of avian influenza virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The following complete molecular diagnostic procedure we developed, based on real-time quantitative PCR and traditional PCR, is effective for avian influenza surveillance, virus subtyping, and viral genome sequencing.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study provides a specific and sensitive step-by-step procedure for efficient avian influenza identification of 16 hemagglutinin and 9 neuraminidase avian influenza subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This diagnostic procedure may prove exceedingly useful for virological and ecological advancements in global avian influenza research.
authors: Animal Health Research Institute, Danshui, Taipei 25158, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Hsien
authors: CH
authors: Tseng
authors: Animal Health Research Institute, Danshui, Taipei 25158, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors: Hsiang-Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Tsai
authors: Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors: Chung-Ming
authors: CM
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D003959:Diamines; D016679:Genome, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005585:Influenza in Birds; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011804:Quinolines; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D003959:Diamines; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011804:Quinolines; C109963:hemagglutinin, avian influenza A virus; C098022:SYBR Green I; D009439:Neuraminidase