title: Concussion reporting intention: a valuable metric for predicting reporting behavior and evaluating concussion education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate whether preseason concussion knowledge and reporting intention predicted in-season concussion reporting behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collegiate athletic facility of each participating team.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's ice hockey players in 1 conference of competition (n = 116).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intention to report symptoms of a "minor" concussion and concussion knowledge were assessed at preseason.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postseason recall of non-report of postimpact symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preseason concussion knowledge was not significantly associated with in-season reporting behavior. Intention to report concussion symptoms was significantly related to in-season reporting behavior. There was a significant interaction between the number of different symptoms experienced and both preseason reporting intention and in-season reporting behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluations of concussion education programs tend to measure concussion knowledge. The present findings suggest that reporting intention may be more strongly predictive of reporting behavior than concussion knowledge and should be included in evaluations of concussion effectiveness. New concussion education initiatives should consider targeting psychosocial constructs that increase reporting intention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sports medicine clinicians who are involved in evaluating concussion education programs should measure constructs other than just concussion knowledge. Intention, to report symptoms or to continue play while experiencing symptoms of a concussion, seems to be an important and feasible construct to include as part of proximal evaluations of education effectiveness.
authors: *Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; †Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ‡Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; §Sports Legacy Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ¶Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‖Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Kroshus
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Baugh
authors: Daniel H
authors: DH
authors: Daneshvar
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Nowinski
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Cantu
mesh_terms: D001924:Brain Concussion; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006688:Hockey; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055815:Young Adult