title: The Effect of Wear on the Performance of a Rotary Lip Seal.
abstract: Theoretical analysis, combined with experimental verification, is used to study the effect of wear on the performance of a rotary lip seal as characterized by the pumping rate and friction torque. The performance of a rotary lip seal is determined by the sealing lip surface microscopic characteristics and contact characteristics at the sealing zone. The variation of the contact characteristics with wear has been established based on the variation of the sealing lip profiles measured by using a trilinear coordinate measuring instrument. The impression method is used to copy the lip surface microtopography at different wear times and then an optical interferometer is used to measure the impression surface microtopography to obtain the variation of roughness with wear. The variations of the roughness, contact characteristics, and approximate contact temperature with wear are inserted into a mixed lubrication model to obtain the variations of the pumping rate and friction torque. A comparison of the simulated results with those from experimental measurement verifies the validity of the theoretical analysis.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China e-mail:  guof10@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Guo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China e-mail:  jiaxh@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Jia
authors: Eaton Corporation , Eden Prairie, MN 55344 e-mail:  longke.wang@gmail.com.
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Longke
authors: Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA 30332 e-mail:  richard.salant@me.gatech.edu.
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Salant
authors: State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China e-mail: yumingwang@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors: Yuming
authors: Y
authors: Wang
keywords: friction torque; lip seal; pumping rate; wear