title: In vivo imaging and detection of nitroreductase in zebrafish by a new near-infrared fluorescence off-on probe.
abstract: A new near-infrared fluorescence off-on probe is developed and applied to fluorescence imaging of nitroreductase in zebrafish in vivo. The probe is readily prepared by connecting 4-nitrobenzene as a quenching and recognizing moiety to a stable hemicyanine skeleton that can be formed via the decomposition of IR 780. The fluorescence off-on response of the probe to nitroreductase is based on the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of the 4-nitrobenzene moiety, followed by the 1,6-rearrangement-elimination and the fluorophore release. Compared with the existing nitroreductase probes, the proposed probe exhibits superior analytical performance such as near-infrared fluorescence emission over 700 nm as well as high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 14 ng/mL. More importantly, the probe has been successfully applied to visualize the distribution of nitroreductase in living zebrafish in vivo, revealing that nitroreductase might mainly exist in zebrafish yolk sac. The superior properties of the probe make it of great potential use in other biosystems and in vivo studies.
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Xinyuan
authors: X
authors: He
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
authors: Ronghua
authors: R
authors: Yang
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Shi
authors: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: mahm@iccas.ac.cn.
authors: Huimin
authors: H
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D005453:Fluorescence; D009601:Nitroreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D009601:Nitroreductases
keywords: Near-infrared fluorescence probe; Nitroreductase; Zebrafish; in vivo imaging