title: Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients identifies diagnostic biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy associated with poor survival rates. Fast detection of PDAC appears to be the most relevant strategy to improve the long-term survival of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to identify new markers in peripheral blood that differentiates between PDAC patients and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood samples from PDAC patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 18) were analyzed by whole genome cDNA microarray hybridization. The most relevant genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in the same set of samples. Finally, our gene prediction set was tested in a blinded set of new peripheral blood samples (n = 30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray studies identified 87 genes differentially expressed in peripheral blood samples from PDAC patients. Four of these genes were selected for analysis by RT-qPCR, which confirmed the previously observed changes. In our blinded validation study, the combination of CLEC4D and IRAK3 predicted the diagnosis of PDAC with 93 % accuracy, with a sensitivity of 86 % and specificity of 100 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral blood gene expression profiling is an useful tool for the diagnosis of PDAC. We present a validated four-gene predictor set (ANKRD22, CLEC4D, VNN1, and IRAK3) that may be useful in PDAC diagnosis.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain, ocaba@ujaen.es.
authors: Octavio
authors: O
authors: Caba
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Prados
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Ortiz
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Jiménez-Luna
authors: Consolación
authors: C
authors: Melguizo
authors: Pablo J
authors: PJ
authors: Alvarez
authors: Juan R
authors: JR
authors: Delgado
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Irigoyen
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Rojas
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Pérez-Florido
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Torres
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Perales
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Linares
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Aránega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor