title: Bladder outlet obstruction in women: functional causes.
abstract: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women has received less focus in the past, as compared with BOO in men; however, more recently, studies have further examined BOO and voiding dysfunction in women to define the various etiologies, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies. The differential diagnosis in women is broad and includes anatomic, neurologic, and functional etiologies. This review focuses on the functional etiologies, including dysfunctional voiding, Fowler's syndrome, and primary bladder neck obstruction in adult women.
authors: Center for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. Q10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA, kingab3@gmail.com.
authors: Ashley B
authors: AB
authors: King
authors: Howard B
authors: HB
authors: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D059952:Pelvic Floor Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists