title: Blood biocompatibility of surface-bound multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Blood clots when it contacts foreign surfaces following platelet activation. This can be catastrophic in clinical settings involving extracorporeal circulation such as during heart-lung bypass where blood is circulated in polyvinyl chloride tubing. Studies have shown, however, that surface-bound carbon nanotubes may prevent platelet activation, the initiator of thrombosis. We studied the blood biocompatibility of polyvinyl chloride, surface-modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that surface-bound multi-walled carbon nanotubes cause platelet activation in vitro and devastating thrombosis in an in vivo animal model of extracorporeal circulation. The mechanism of the pro-thrombotic effect likely involves direct multi-walled carbon nanotube-platelet interaction with Ca(2+)-dependant platelet activation. These experiments provide evidence, for the first time, that modification of surfaces with nanomaterials modulates blood biocompatibility in extracorporeal circulation.
authors: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: ag2606@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors: Alan M
authors: AM
authors: Gaffney
authors: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: santosmm@tcd.ie.
authors: Maria J
authors: MJ
authors: Santos-Martinez
authors: School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: asatti@leitat.org.
authors: Amro
authors: A
authors: Satti
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: tcmajor@med.umich.edu.
authors: Terry C
authors: TC
authors: Major
authors: Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: kieran.wynne@ucd.ie.
authors: Kieran J
authors: KJ
authors: Wynne
authors: School of Chemistry and CRANN institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia. Electronic address: igounko@tcd.ie.
authors: Yurii K
authors: YK
authors: Gun'ko
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: gannich@med.umich.edu.
authors: Gail M
authors: GM
authors: Annich
authors: Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: giuliano.elia@philochem.ch.
authors: Giuliano
authors: G
authors: Elia
authors: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: radomskm@tcd.ie.
authors: Marek W
authors: MW
authors: Radomski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010477:Perfusion; D015539:Platelet Activation; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Coagulation; Extracorporeal life support; Platelets