title: The effect of nanoemulsion as a carrier of hydrophilic compound for transdermal delivery.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of nanoemulsions as a carrier vehicle of hydrophilic drug for transdermal delivery. The response surface methodology with a mixture design was used to evaluate the effect of ingredient levels of nanoemulsion formulations including cosurfactant (isopropyl alcohol, 20 ∼ 30%), surfactant (mixed of Brij 30 and Brij 35, 20 ∼ 30%), and distilled-water (34.5 ∼ 50.0%) on properties of the drug-loaded nanoemulsions including physicochemical characters and drug permeability through rat skin. The result showed that the hydrophilic drug in aqueous solution with or without penetration enhancer could not transport across rat skin after 12 h of application. Used nanoemulsions as carrier vehicle, the permeation rate of drug was significantly increased from 0 to 63.23 µg/cm2/h and the lag time was shortened from more than 12 h to about 2.7 ∼ 4.0 h. Moreover, the drug-loaded nanoemulsion formulation also showed physicochemical stability after 3 month storage at 25°C and 40°C.
authors: Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Ming-Jun
authors: MJ
authors: Tsai
authors: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Yaw-Syan
authors: YS
authors: Fu
authors: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Yu-Hsuan
authors: YH
authors: Lin
authors: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Yaw-Bin
authors: YB
authors: Huang
authors: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Pao-Chu
authors: PC
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D007211:Indoles; C046649:ropinirole