title: Transdermal delivery of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and others for management of hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are some of the most commonly prescribed medications for hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Most of all conventional dosage forms of ARBs and ACEIs undergo extensive first-pass metabolism, which significantly reduces bioavailability. Majority of ARBs and ACEIs are inherently short acting due to a rapid elimination half-life. In addition, oral dosage forms of ARBs and ACEIs have many high incidences of adverse effects due to variable absorption profiles, higher frequency of administration and poor patient compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Many attempts have been made globally at the laboratory level to investigate the skin permeation and to develop transdermal therapeutic systems of various ARBs, ACEIs and other anti-hypertensives, to circumvent the drawbacks associated with their conventional dosage form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This manuscript presents an outline of the transdermal research specifically in the area of ARBs, ACEIs and other anti-hypertensives reported in various pharmaceutical journals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transdermal delivery has gained a significant importance for systemic treatment as it is able to avoid first-pass metabolism and major fluctuations of plasma levels typical of repeated oral administration. As we can experience from this review article that transdermal delivery of different ARBs and ACEIs improves bioavailability as well as patient compliance by many folds. In fact, the rationale development of some newer ARBs, ACEIs and other anti-hypertensives transdermal systems will provide new ways of treatment, circumventing current limitations for conventional dosage forms.
authors: a Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia and.
authors: Abdul
authors: A
authors: Ahad
authors: a Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia and.
authors: Abdullah Mohammed
authors: AM
authors: Al-Mohizea
authors: a Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia and.
authors: Fahad Ibrahim
authors: FI
authors: Al-Jenoobi
authors: b Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi , India.
authors: Mohd
authors: M
authors: Aqil
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; angiotensin II receptor blockers; antihypertensive agent; transdermal therapeutic system