title: Effects of feeding levels of starter on weaning age, performance, nutrient digestibility and health parameters in holstein dairy calves.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of feeding four different levels of starter in male Holstein dairy calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 28 calves with initial body weight of 40.5±2.4 kg. The animals were fed iso-nitrogenous starter and were weaned when they consumed 350, 500, 650 and 800 g/d of starter for 3 d consecutively. Starter and water were available ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Body weight at pre-weaning (less than 5 wk) and post-weaning (8 wk) was lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the highest among all treatments in pre-weaning period (p<0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning and total DMI was higher in that calves received 800 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter were weaned earlier (p<0.05) and showed lower milk consumption (kg, DM) compared with other treatments whereas no significant difference was observed between calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter (p>0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities were lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber digestibility among all treatments (p>0.05).Treatments had no significant effect on time of starting rumination, respiratory score, and days of drug administration for pneumonia. There were no meaningful differences in feces, fecal odor scores, body temperature, and days of drug administration for diarrhea among all treatments (p>0.05). Total dry matter intake at the end of experiment showed no significant difference among calves fed 600 and 800 g/d of starter, but calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter showed more dry matter (DM) intake than calves in the 600 and 800 g/d groups (p<0.05).
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: J Ghassemi
authors: JG
authors: Nejad
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hosseindoust
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Shoae
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ghorbani
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: B H
authors: BH
authors: Lee
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Oskoueian
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hajilari
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Amouzmehr
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Lohakare
authors: College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea.
authors: K I
authors: KI
authors: Sung
keywords: Health; Holstein Dairy Calves; Levels of Starter; Performance