title: Resilience to affective disorders: a comparative validation of two resilience scales.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resilience to affective disorders in rehabilitating patients or in individuals with a severe disability is of special research interest. However, there is no gold standard for measuring resilience. We aimed to test the accuracy of the Dutch translation of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRSnl) and of the Resilience Scale (RSnl) in recognizing rehabilitating patients without anxiety and depression, and to determine the reliability and construct validity of both scales.
  
  
  METHODS
  A within-subjects longitudinal study with six assessments, each one week apart. Forty residents of a nursing home rehabilitating unit were interviewed to assess resilience (BRSnl and RSnl), optimism and pessimism (LOT-R), depression and anxiety (HADS), positive and negative affect (PANAS), and pain (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Receiver operating characteristic analyses for recognizing the absence of depression and anxiety (HADS-score≤7) revealed better accuracy (P=0.038) for the BRSnl (AUC=0.84; p<0.0001) than for the RSnl (AUC=0.68; P=0.017). The scales correlated moderately at baseline (rs=0.35; p=0.026), and at four-week follow-up (rs=0.50; p=0.004). The RSnl was positively associated with positive outcomes (optimism and positive affect), and the BRSnl positively with positive outcomes, and negatively with negative outcomes (pessimism, anxiety and negative affect). The RSnl showed a better four-week test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.97) than the BRSnl (0.66; 95% CI, 0.29 to.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short study duration, a relatively small sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BRSnl showed better performance in detecting people without depression and anxiety than the RSnl, and performed better on construct validity.
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands; Department of Primary and Community Care, Center for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public health, Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Electronic address: roeslan.leontjevas@ou.nl.
authors: Ruslan
authors: R
authors: Leontjevas
authors: Het Spectrum, Geriatric Healthcare Centre, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Wendie Op
authors: WO
authors: de Beek
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Lataster
authors: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Nele
authors: N
authors: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055500:Resilience, Psychological
keywords: Anxiety/anxiety disorders; Assessment/diagnosis; Depression; Rehabilitation; Resilience