title: Expression characteristics of KAI1 and vascular endothelial growth factor and their diagnostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tried to investigate the expression characteristics of KAI1, a suppressor of wide-spectrum tumor metastasis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most common angiogenesis factor, and then to analyze their diagnostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The protein and mRNA expression levels of KAI1 or VEGF in HCC tissues and in self-controlled para-carcinoma tissues were analyzed by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Serum levels of KAI1 and VEGF in the patients with HCC, benign liver disease or in healthy controls were quantitatively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression level of KAI1 was downregulated, while the expression level of VEGF was upregulated in the tissues or serum of the patients with HCC. The expression level of serum KAI1 in HCC patients was correlated with TNM staging, intrahepatic metastasis, lymph node or peritoneal metastasis, and portal vein thrombus. In addition to the factors that were correlated with KAI1 expression, VEGF expression was also closely related to the α-fetoprotein level of the patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of HCC was 0.907 for KAI1 and 0.779 for VEGF. The sensitivity of serum KAI1 levels in the diagnosis of HCC was 86.96%; the accuracy was 83.06%, while the sensitivity, the accuracy and the negative predictive value were improved to 91.86%, 84.68%, and 78.79% according to the combined detection of KAI1 and VEGF, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined detection of KAI1 and VEGF may greatly improve the efficiency of diagnosis and form a reliable panel of diagnostic markers for HCC.
authors: Department of Adiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Cheng Guang
authors: CG
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Adiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Hong Yu
authors: HY
authors: Sun
authors: Department of Adiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Wei E
authors: WE
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Adiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C497688:CD82 protein, human; D051861:Kangai-1 Protein; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
keywords: Clinicopathological characteristics; Diagnostic value; Hepatocellular carcinoma; KAI1; Vascular endothelial growth factor