title: Low b-value (black blood) respiratory-triggered fat-suppressed single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) of the liver: comparison of image quality at 1.5 and 3 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare echo-planar imaging (EPI) of the liver at 1.5 and 3 T.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under a waiver from the institutional review board, 46 patients underwent respiratory-triggered fat-suppressed b = 50 s/mm(2) EPI at 1.5 or 3 T between 2010-2013. Thirty liver lesions were included with no therapy performed between studies. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNR/CNR) were compared using a paired t-test. Two blinded readers independently assessed EPI at 1.5 and 3 T in two separate reading sessions for image quality by hepatic region and the presence and severity of artefacts. Results were compared using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in mean SNR/CNR at 3 T (20.26 ± 10.25/9.55 ± 15.78); compared to 1.5 T (21.96 ± 9.75/5.35 ± 7.89); p = 0.43 and p = 0.09, respectively. Image quality was better at 1.5 T for all hepatic regions (p < 0.001). Image quality was poor or suboptimal at 3 T in 57% of regions studied, compared to 5.6% at 1.5 T. With the exception of image blur (p = 0.27), all artefacts were more prevalent at 3 T with higher rates of image distortion (p < 0.001), failed fat suppression (p = 0.002), ghosting (p < 0.001), parallel imaging artefact (p < 0.001), and shading (p < 0.001). Interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.43-0.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fat-suppressed low b-value EPI of the liver is significantly better at 1.5 T compared to 3 T.
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada. Electronic address: nschieda@toh.on.ca.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Schieda
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Al-Dandan
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: El-Khodary
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, The University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Shabana
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio