title: Application of passive (SPATT) and active sampling methods in the profiling and monitoring of marine biotoxins.
abstract: Solid phase adsorbent and toxin tracking (SPATT) enables temporally and spatially integrated monitoring of biotoxins in aquatic environments. Monitoring using two adsorbent resins was performed over a four-month period at Lough Hyne Marine Reserve, Ireland. A range of Diarhettic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins were detected from SPATT extracts throughout the study period. The majority of biotoxins were detected in the top 20-30 m of the water column and a spike in toxin accumulation was measured during August 2010. Phytoplankton analysis confirmed the presence of toxin-producing species Dinophysis acuta and Dinophysis acuminata during the bloom. SPATT has the potential to provide useful information on phycotoxin distribution in the water column; enabling evidence-based decisions regarding appropriate depths for obtaining phytoplankton and shellfish samples in marine biotoxin monitoring programmes. Active sampling was performed continuously over 7-days and high quantities of toxins were successfully accumulated in the HP-20 resin, okadaic acid (∼13 mg), dinophysis toxin-2 (∼29 mg), pectenotoxin-2 (∼20 mg) and pectenotoxin-2-seco acid (∼6 mg) proving this an effective method for accumulating DSP toxins from the marine environment. The method has potential application as a tool for assessing toxin profiles at proposed shellfish harvesting sites.
authors: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork The Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: mc_moira@yahoo.co.uk.
authors: Moira
authors: M
authors: McCarthy
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: f.vanpelt@ucc.ie.
authors: Frank N A M
authors: FN
authors: van Pelt
authors: Mass Spectrometry Research Centre (MSRC) Incorporating the PROTEOBIO and Team Elucidate Research Groups, Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: vaishali.p.bane@mycit.ie.
authors: Vaishali
authors: V
authors: Bane
authors: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork The Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: j.ohalloran@ucc.ie.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: O'Halloran
authors: Mass Spectrometry Research Centre (MSRC) Incorporating the PROTEOBIO and Team Elucidate Research Groups, Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: Ambrose.Furey@cit.ie.
authors: Ambrose
authors: A
authors: Furey
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007494:Ireland; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012758:Shellfish
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins
keywords: Biotoxins; DSP; HABs; LC-MS; SPATT; Shellfish