title: Biological assessment of a calcium silicate incorporated hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposite: a comparison to decellularized bone matrix.
abstract: Our laboratory utilized biomimicry to develop a synthetic bone scaffold based on hydroxyapatite-gelatin-calcium silicate (HGCS). Here, we evaluated the potential of HGCS scaffold in bone formation in vivo using the rat calvarial critical-sized defect (CSD). Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to four groups: control (defect only), decellularized bone matrix (DECBM), and HGCS with and without multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). DECBM was prepared by removing all the cells using SDS and NH4OH. After 12 weeks, the CSD specimens were harvested to evaluate radiographical, histological, and histomorphometrical outcomes. The in vitro osteogenic effects of the materials were studied by focal adhesion, MTS, and alizarin red. Micro-CT analysis indicated that the DECBM and the HGCS scaffold groups developed greater radiopaque areas than the other groups. Bone regeneration, assessed using histological analysis and fluorochrome labeling, was the highest in the HGCS scaffold seeded with MAPCs. The DECBM group showed limited osteoinductivity, causing a gap between the implant and host tissue. The group grafted with HGCS+MAPCs resulting in twice as much new bone formation seems to indicate a role for effective bone regeneration. In conclusion, the novel HGCS scaffold could improve bone regeneration and is a promising carrier for stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.
authors: NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB 7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Dong Joon
authors: DJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB 7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Padilla
authors: NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB 7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: He
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors: Wei-Shou
authors: WS
authors: Hu
authors: NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB 7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA ; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 275 Brauer Hall, CB 7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Ching-Chang
authors: CC
authors: Ko
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; D005780:Gelatin; D017886:Durapatite; C031293:calcium silicate