title: Targeted program for provision of mother's own milk to very low birth weight infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the effect of an evolving targeted program to encourage mothers to provide own milk (MM) to their very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a traditional open-bay NICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records on all VLBW infants (birth weight <1500 g) born in a geographical region of Norway in 1986/1987, 1996, and 2007/2008 (n = 203). Types of nutrition and data on maternal and infant health were prospectively and similarly recorded during all time periods. Between each period, targeted programs were initiated to encourage provision of MM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of providing MM (exclusively MM in parenthesis) for the 3 periods were 55% (33%), 85% (60%), and 89% (62%) when achieving full enteral feeds; 48% (11%), 76% (39%), and 92% (60%) at discharge; 15%, 42%, and 62% at 2 to 4 months' corrected age; and 10%, 40%, and 53% at 6 to 8 months' corrected age (P < .001 at all end points). Neither maternal or pregnancy disorders nor neonatal morbidity had significant effects on provision of MM, but smoking was associated with a lower rate after discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both early and long-term provision of MM for their VLBW infants were strongly associated with targeted programs to encourage provision. We suggest that almost all mothers are able to provide their own milk if given targeted encouragement and guidance, even in crowded open-bay NICUs.
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and.
authors: Elisabeth Synnøve
authors: ES
authors: Husebye
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and.
authors: Ingvil Austbø
authors: IA
authors: Kleven
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and.
authors: Lene Kristin
authors: LK
authors: Kroken
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Ingrid Kristin
authors: IK
authors: Torsvik
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors: Oystein Ariansen
authors: OA
authors: Haaland
authors: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; andDepartment of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway trond.markestad@helse-bergen.no.
authors: Trond
authors: T
authors: Markestad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D060127:Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; D008895:Milk, Human; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: breast milk; breastfeeding; human milk; morbidity; smoking; very low birth weight infant