title: Co-occurrence of a cerebral cavernous malformation and an orbital cavernous hemangioma in a patient with seizures and visual symptoms: Rare crossroads for vascular malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are angiographically occult vascular malformations of the central nervous system. As a result of hemorrhage and mass effect, patients may present with focal neurologic deficits, seizures, and other symptoms necessitating treatment. Once symptomatic, most often from hemorrhage, CCMs are treated with microsurgical resection. Orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCHs) are similar but distinct vascular malformations that present within the orbital cavity. Even though CCMs and OCHs are both marked by dilated endothelial-lined vascular channels, they are infrequently seen in the same patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provide a brief overview of the two related pathologies in the context of a patient presenting to our care with concomitant lesions, which were both resected in full without complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first known report that describes a case of concomitant CCM and OCH and explores the origins of two pathologies that are rarely encountered together in neurosurgical practice. Recognition of disparate symptomatologies is important for properly managing these patients.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, Canada.
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Choudhri
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, Canada.
authors: Abdullah H
authors: AH
authors: Feroze
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, Canada.
authors: Eleonora M
authors: EM
authors: Lad
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, Canada.
authors: Jonathan W
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, Canada.
authors: Edward D
authors: ED
authors: Plowey
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Jason R
authors: JR
authors: Karamchandani
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, Canada.
authors: Steven D
authors: SD
authors: Chang
keywords: Cavernous hemangioma; cavernous malformation; orbital hemangioma; orbitotomy