title: Inflammation-Induced Downregulation of Butyrate Uptake and Oxidation Is Not Caused by a Reduced Gene Expression.
abstract: In ulcerative colitis (UC) the butyrate metabolism is impaired, leading to energy-deficiency in the colonic cells. The effect of inflammation on the butyrate metabolism was investigated. HT-29 cells were incubated with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and/or IFN-γ) for 1 and 24 h. Cells were additionally stimulated with butyrate to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential. Butyrate uptake and oxidation were measured using (14)C-labeled butyrate. Gene expression of the butyrate metabolism enzymes, interleukin 8 (IL-8; inflammatory marker) and villin-1 (VIL-1; epithelial cell damage marker) was measured via quantitative RT-PCR. Significantly increased IL-8 expression and decreased VIL-1 expression after 24 h incubation with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ confirmed the presence of inflammation. These conditions induced a decrease of both butyrate uptake and oxidation, whereas the gene expression was not reduced. Simultaneous incubation with butyrate counteracted the reduced butyrate oxidation. In contrast, 1 h incubation with TNF-α induced a significant increased IL-8 expression and decreased butyrate uptake. Incubation with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ for 1 h did not induce cell damage nor influence butyrate oxidation. The inflammation-induced downregulation of the butyrate metabolism was not caused by a reduced gene expression, but appeared consequential to a decreased butyrate uptake. Increasing the luminal butyrate levels might have therapeutic potential in UC.
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Leen
authors: L
authors: Boesmans
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Meine
authors: M
authors: Ramakers
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.|Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Arijs
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Windey
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Wiebe
authors: W
authors: Vanhove
authors: Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Frans
authors: F
authors: Schuit
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Rutgeerts
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Verbeke
authors: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Vicky
authors: V
authors: De Preter
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002087:Butyrates; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha