title: Robotic adherent cell injection for characterizing cell-cell communication.
abstract: Compared to robotic injection of suspended cells (e.g., embryos and oocytes), fewer attempts were made to automate the injection of adherent cells (e.g., cancer cells and cardiomyocytes) due to their smaller size, highly irregular morphology, small thickness (a few micrometers thick), and large variations in thickness across cells. This paper presents a robotic system for automated microinjection of adherent cells. The system is embedded with several new capabilities: automatically locating micropipette tips; robustly detecting the contact of micropipette tip with cell culturing surface and directly with cell membrane; and precisely compensating for accumulative positioning errors. These new capabilities make it practical to perform adherent cell microinjection truly via computer mouse clicking in front of a computer monitor, on hundreds and thousands of cells per experiment (versus a few to tens of cells as state of the art). System operation speed, success rate, and cell viability rate were quantitatively evaluated based on robotic microinjection of over 4000 cells. This paper also reports the use of the new robotic system to perform cell-cell communication studies using large sample sizes. The gap junction function in a cardiac muscle cell line (HL-1 cells), for the first time, was quantified with the system.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Vinayakumar
authors: V
authors: Siragam
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Gong
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Fridman
authors: Clement
authors: C
authors: Leung
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Lu
authors: Changhai
authors: C
authors: Ru
authors: Shaorong
authors: S
authors: Xie
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Luo
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Hamilton
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D051379:Mice; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*