title: A moiré deflectometer for antimatter.
abstract: The precise measurement of forces is one way to obtain deep insight into the fundamental interactions present in nature. In the context of neutral antimatter, the gravitational interaction is of high interest, potentially revealing new forces that violate the weak equivalence principle. Here we report on a successful extension of a tool from atom optics--the moiré deflectometer--for a measurement of the acceleration of slow antiprotons. The setup consists of two identical transmission gratings and a spatially resolving emulsion detector for antiproton annihilations. Absolute referencing of the observed antimatter pattern with a photon pattern experiencing no deflection allows the direct inference of forces present. The concept is also straightforwardly applicable to antihydrogen measurements as pursued by the AEgIS collaboration. The combination of these very different techniques from high energy and atomic physics opens a very promising route to the direct detection of the gravitational acceleration of neutral antimatter.
authors: 1] Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Aghion
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ahlén
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Amsler
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ariga
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ariga
authors: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia.
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Belov
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Berggren
authors: 1] Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25133 Brescia, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bonomi
authors: Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Bräunig
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bremer
authors: Department of Physics, University of Trento and TIFPA-INFN, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Brusa
authors: Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Cabaret
authors: Physics Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Canali
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Caravita
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Castelli
authors: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Cerchiari
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Cialdi
authors: Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Comparat
authors: 1] Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Consolati
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Derking
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Di Domizio
authors: Department of Physics, University of Trento and TIFPA-INFN, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Di Noto
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Doser
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dudarev
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ereditato
authors: 1] Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ferragut
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fontana
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Genova
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Giammarchi
authors: Institute of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gligorova
authors: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia.
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Gninenko
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Haider
authors: Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælandsvei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Huse
authors: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Jordan
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: L V
authors: LV
authors: Jørgensen
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kaltenbacher
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kawada
authors: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kellerbauer
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kimura
authors: Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Knecht
authors: 1] Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Krasnický
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Lagomarsino
authors: Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lehner
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Magnani
authors: 1] Physics Department, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland [2] Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Malbrunot
authors: 1] Department of Physics, University of Trento and TIFPA-INFN, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy [2] Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mariazzi
authors: 1] Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia [2] Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia.
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Matveev
authors: 1] Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Moia
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nebbia
authors: Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, University Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Nédélec
authors: Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Oberthaler
authors: Institute of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
authors: N
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authors: Pacifico
authors: Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
authors: V
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authors: Petràček
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pistillo
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Prelz
authors: Department of Physics and INFN Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Prevedelli
authors: Physics Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Regenfus
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Riccardi
authors: Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælandsvei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
authors: O
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authors: Røhne
authors: 1] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy [2] Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rotondi
authors: Institute of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sandaker
authors: 1] Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland [2] Department of Physics, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Scampoli
authors: Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Storey
authors: 1] Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25133 Brescia, Italy [2] Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors: M A Subieta
authors: MA
authors: Vasquez
authors: Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
authors: M
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authors: Špaček
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
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authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
authors: R
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authors: Vaccarone
authors: Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: E
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authors: Widmann
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
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authors: Zavatarelli
authors: Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: J
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authors: Zmeskal