title: Resting-state brain function in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar probands and their first-degree relatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenia (SCZ) and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) share considerable overlap in clinical features, genetic risk factors and co-occurrence among relatives. The common and unique functional cerebral deficits in these disorders, and in unaffected relatives, remain to be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 59 healthy controls, 37 SCZ and 57 PBD probands and their unaffected first-degree relatives (38 and 28, respectively) were studied using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI). Regional cerebral function was evaluated by measuring the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). Areas with ALFF alterations were used as seeds in whole-brain functional connectivity analysis. We then tested whether abnormalities identified in probands were present in unaffected relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCZ and PBD probands both demonstrated regional hypoactivity in the orbital frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, as well as abnormal connectivity within striatal-thalamo-cortical networks. SCZ probands showed greater and more widely distributed ALFF alterations including the thalamus and bilateral parahippocampal gyri. Increased parahippocampal ALFF was related to positive symptoms and cognitive deficit. PBD patients showed uniquely increased functional connectivity between the thalamus and bilateral insula. Only PBD relatives showed abnormal connectivity within striatal-thalamo-cortical networks seen in both proband groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings reveal a common pattern of deficits in frontostriatal circuitry across SCZ and PBD, and unique regional and functional connectivity abnormalities that distinguish them. The abnormal network connectivity in PBD relatives that was present in both proband groups may reflect genetic susceptibility associated with risk for psychosis, but within-family associations of this measure were not high.
authors: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu,People's Republic of China.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lui
authors: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu,People's Republic of China.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Yao
authors: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu,People's Republic of China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Xiao
authors: Department of Psychiatry,University of Chicago,Chicago, IL,USA.
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Keedy
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,Chicago, IL,USA.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Reilly
authors: Department of Psychiatry,Duke University Medical Center,Durham, IL,USA.
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Keefe
authors: Department of Psychiatry,University of Texas Southwestern Medical School,Dallas, TX,USA.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Tamminga
authors: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Keshavan
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology,Yale University School of Medicine and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center,Hartford, CT,USA.
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Pearlson
authors: Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu,People's Republic of China.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Gong
authors: Department of Psychiatry,University of Texas Southwestern Medical School,Dallas, TX,USA.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002746:Chlorpromazine