title: Organophosphate flame retardants and organosiloxanes in predatory freshwater fish from locations across Canada.
abstract: Whole body homogenates of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) or Walleye (Sander vitreus) collected from Canadian lakes were screened for organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) and organosiloxane compounds. Six OPFR and five siloxane compounds were detected above quantitation limits in at least one individual fish from sampled lakes. The OPFRs, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), were most frequently quantified with concentrations ranging from <0.07 to 9.8 ng/g (ww). Levels of TBOEP were highest in fish from the Great Lakes region while TCEP was detected only in fish from the northernmost lakes in our network. Concentrations of the cyclic siloxanes, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), were above quantitation limits in all fish. D5 was the most abundant siloxane across all sampling locations with the highest concentrations (45-719 ng/g ww) observed in Lake Trout from the western end of Lake Ontario near the mouth of the Niagara River.
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada. Electronic address: daryl.mcgoldrick@ec.gc.ca.
authors: Daryl J
authors: DJ
authors: McGoldrick
authors: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Letcher
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Barresi
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Keir
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Small
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Mandi G
authors: MG
authors: Clark
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Ed
authors: E
authors: Sverko
authors: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors: Sean M
authors: SM
authors: Backus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D009864:Ontario; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010471:Perches / Q000378:metabolism*; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014337:Trout / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012833:Siloxanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C012085:tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate; C013320:tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
keywords: Canadian locations; Lake Trout; Organophosphate flame retardants; Organosiloxanes; Walleye