title: Dispersion and fate of ⁹⁰Sr in the Northwestern Pacific and adjacent seas: global fallout and the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident.
abstract: The 3D compartment model POSEIDON-R was applied to the Northwestern Pacific and adjacent seas to simulate the transport and fate of (90)Sr in the period 1945-2010 and to perform a radiological assessment on the releases of (90)Sr due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident for the period 2011-2040. The contamination due to runoff of (90)Sr from terrestrial surfaces was taken into account using a generic predictive model. A dynamical food-chain model describes the transfer of (90)Sr to phytoplankton, zooplankton, molluscs, crustaceans, piscivorous and non-piscivorous fishes. Results of the simulations were compared with observation data on (90)Sr for the period 1955-2010 and the budget of (90)Sr activity was estimated. It was found that in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea the riverine influx was 1.5% of the ocean influx and it was important only locally. Calculated concentrations of (90)Sr in water, bottom sediment and marine organisms before and after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident are in good agreement with available experimental measurements. The concentration of (90)Sr in seawater would return to the background levels within one year after leakages were stopped. The model predicts that the concentration of (90)Sr in fish after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident shall return to the background concentrations only 2 years later due to the delay of the transfer throughout the food web and specific accumulation of (90)Sr. The contribution of (90)Sr to the maximal dose rate due to the FDNPP accident was three orders of magnitude less than that due to (137)Cs, and thus well below the maximum effective dose limits for the public.
authors: Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine. Electronic address: vladmad@gmail.com.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Maderich
authors: Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ktjung@kiost.ac.
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Jung
authors: Ukrainian Center of Water and Environmental Projects, Glushkov av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine. Electronic address: romanbezhenar@gmail.com.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bezhenar
authors: NRG, Utrechtseweg 310, 6800 ES Arnhem, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.dewith@nrg.eu.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: de With
authors: First Institute of Oceanography, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China. Electronic address: qiaofl@fio.org.cn.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Qiao
authors: Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH-Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 20, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: ncasacuberta@phys.ethz.ch.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Casacuberta
authors: Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals & Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Electronic address: pere.masque@uab.cat.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Masque
authors: Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yhkimstar@gmail.com.
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D062406:Fukushima Nuclear Accident; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis*; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive
keywords: (90)Sr; Compartment modeling; Fukushima Dai-ichi accident; Human ingestion doses; Northwestern Pacific; Radionuclide transfer in marine biota