title: Antimelanogenic chemicals with in vivo efficacy against skin pigmentation in guinea pigs.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation under sunlight stimulates skin pigmentation through immediately affecting the oxidative modification of existing melanin pigments and the spatial redistribution of pigmented melanosomes followed by the up-regulation of melanogenic genes in delayed kinetics. However, abnormal accumulation and synthesis of melanin biopolymers are responsible for skin disorders with more pigmented patches. Chemical-based regulation of the hyperpigmented disorders has been a long-standing goal for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. A large number of the chemicals with antimelanogenic activity have met with limited or no success in the treatment of skin patients, since they may not overcome the challenge of penetrating the skin barrier. Guinea pig skin displays similar kinetic parameters to human skin in the transdermal absorption of numerous chemicals, thus can serve as the surrogate for human skin. Here, we provide a concise review of our current understanding of the chemical-based therapy against skin hyperpigmentation in UV-irradiated guinea pig models, suggest molecular mechanisms of the action and emphasize the translation from preclinical outcomes to skin patients.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea.
authors: Seung Deok
authors: SD
authors: Hong
authors: Da Young
authors: DY
authors: Yoon
authors: Seungmean
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Sang-Bae
authors: SB
authors: Han
authors: Youngsoo
authors: Y
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008954:Models, Biological; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008543:Melanins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase