title: Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on In vitro Fertilizing Ability and In vitro Developmental Potential of Bovine Embryos.
abstract: The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) present in the female reproductive tract promote sperm capacitation. When bovine sperm were exposed to 10 μg/ml of one of four GAGs (Chondroitin sulfate, CS; Dermatan sulfate, DS; Hyaluronic acid, HA; Heparin, HP) for 5 h, the total motility (TM), straight-line velocity (VSL), and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were higher in the HP- or HA-treated sperm, relative to control and CS- or DS-treated sperm. HP and HA treatments increased the levels of capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm over time, compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). In addition, sperm exposed to HP or HA for 1 h before IVF exhibited significantly improved fertilizing ability, as assessed by 2 pronucleus (PN) formation and cleavage rates at d 2. Exposure to these GAGs also enhanced in vitro embryo development rates and embryo quality, and increased the ICM and total blastocyst cell numbers at d 8 after IVF (p<0.05). A real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of pluripotency (Oct 4), cell growth (Glut 5), and anti-apoptosis (Bax inhibitor) genes were significantly higher in embryos derived from HA- or HP-treated sperm than in control or other treatment groups, while pro-apoptotic gene expression (caspase-3) was significantly lower in all GAG treatment groups (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that exposure of bovine sperm to HP or HA positively correlates with in vitro fertilizing ability, in vitro embryo developmental potential, and embryonic gene expression.
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Eun Young
authors: EY
authors: Kim
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Eun Hyung
authors: EH
authors: Noh
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Eun Ji
authors: EJ
authors: Noh
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Min Jee
authors: MJ
authors: Park
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Hyo Young
authors: HY
authors: Park
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Dong Sun
authors: DS
authors: Lee
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Key Zung
authors: KZ
authors: Riu
authors: Mirae Biotech/Jeju National University Stem Cell Research Center, Seoul 143-193, Korea.
authors: Se Pill
authors: SP
authors: Park
keywords: Capacitation; Embryo Development; Gene Expression; Glycosaminoglycan; Heparin