title: Lifetime victimization and physical health outcomes among lesbian and heterosexual women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lifetime victimization experiences, including child sexual abuse (CSA), child physical abuse (CPA), adult sexual assault (ASA), and adult physical assault (APA), are associated with health problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine relationships between cumulative victimization and physical health among heterosexual and lesbian women and determine whether these relationships differ by sexual identity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large samples of heterosexual (n = 482) and lesbian women (n = 394) were interviewed. Questions included lifetime victimization experiences and physical health problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to women who reported no childhood victimization, those who reported experiencing both CSA and CPA were 44% more likely to report health problems and women who experienced all four types of victimization (CSA, CPA, APA, ASA) were nearly 240% as likely to report physical health problems. Interaction analyses revealed the association between victimization and physical health did not differ by sexual identity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although lesbians were more likely to report all types of victimization, results suggest that victimization conferred increased physical health risks regardless of sexual identity.
authors: University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Judith P
authors: JP
authors: Andersen
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors: Tonda L
authors: TL
authors: Hughes
authors: University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Zou
authors: University of North Dakota, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America.
authors: Sharon C
authors: SC
authors: Wilsnack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D006801:Humans; D014754:Violence