title: Removal of estrogens by electrochemical oxidation process.
abstract: Treatments of estrogens such as Estrone (E1), Estradiol (E2) and Ethinylestradiol (EE2) were conducted using an electrolytic reactor equipped with multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrodes. Experimental results showed that E1, E2 and EE2 were oxidized in the range of 0.45-0.85 V and were removed through electro-polymerization. Observed data from continuous experiments were in good agreement with calculated results by a mathematical model constructed based on mass transfer limitation. In continuous treatment of trace estrogens (1 μg/L), 98% of E1, E2 and EE2 were stably removed. At high loading rate (100 μg/L), removal efficiency of E1 was kept around 74%-88% for 21 days, but removal efficiency reduced due to passivation of electrodes. However, removal efficiency was recovered after electrochemical regeneration of electrodes in presence of ozone. Electric energy consumption was observed in the range of 1-2 Wh/m(3). From these results, we concluded that the present electrochemical process would be an alternative removal of estrogens.
authors: Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan. Electronic address: cong@aoni.waseda.jp.
authors: Vo Huu
authors: VH
authors: Cong
authors: Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
authors: Sota
authors: S
authors: Iwaya
authors: Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan. Electronic address: sakaki@waseda.jp.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Sakakibara
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: electro-polymerization; electrode regeneration; endocrine disrupting chemicals; estrogen; granular reactor