title: In vivo experimental study on the effects of fluid in increasing the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most widely used and studied method internationally for the local treatment of liver tumors. However, the extension of coagulation necrosis in one RFA procedure is limited and incomplete coverage of the damaged area can lead to a high local recurrence rate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we compared the effects of different solutions in enhancing hepatic radiofrequency by establishing a rabbit VX2 liver cancer model. We also determined the optimal solution to maximise effects on the extent of RFA-induced coagulation necrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty VX2 tumor rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: group A, RFA alone; group B, RFA with anhydrous ethanol injection; group C, RFA with 5% hypertonic saline injection; group D, RFA with lidocaine injection; and group E, RFA with a mixed solution. Routine ultrasound examinations and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the ablation areas were performed after RFA. Then, we measured the major axis and transverse diameter and compared the areas of coagulation necrosis induced by RFA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ablation area range increased in groups B, C and especially E, and the scopes were greater compared with group A. Preoperative application of anhydrous ethanol, hypertonic saline, lidocaine and the mixed solution (groups B, C, D and E, respectively) resulted in larger coagulation necrosis areas than in group A (p<0.05). Among the groups, the coagulation necrosis areas in group E was largest, and the difference was statistically significant compared with other groups (p<0.05). Pathological findings were consistent with imaging results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mixture of dehydrated alcohol, hypertonic saline and lidocaine injected with RFA increases the extent of coagulation necrosis in the liver with a single application, and the mixed solution is more effective than any other injection alone.
authors: Department of Ultrasound, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China E-mail : chengwen69@yahoo.com.
authors: Yi-Xin
authors: YX
authors: Sun
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Cheng
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Han
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Qiu-Cheng
authors: QC
authors: Wang
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Shao
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D000431:Ethanol; D008012:Lidocaine