title: Replacing fish meal by food waste in feed pellets to culture lower trophic level fish containing acceptable levels of organochlorine pesticides: health risk assessments.
abstract: The present study used food waste (collected from local hotels and restaurants) feed pellets in polyculture of low-trophic level fish [bighead (Aristichtys nobilis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), and mud carp (Cirrhina molitorella)] aiming at producing safe and quality products for local consumption. The results indicated that grass carp (hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) <0.03; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) 1.42-3.34 ng/g ww) and bighead carp (HCHs<0.03; DDTs 1.55-2.56 ng/g ww) fed with food waste feed pellets were relatively free of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The experimental ponds (water and sediment) were relatively free of OCPs, lowering the possibility of biomagnification of OCPs in the food chains within the ponds. The raw concentrations of OCPs extracted from the fish were not in the bioavailable form, which would ultimately reach bloodstream and exert adverse effects on human body. Health risk assessments based on digestible concentrations are commonly regarded as a more accurate method. The results of health risk assessments based on raw and digestible concentrations showed that the fish fed with food waste feed pellets were safe for consumption from the OCP perspective.
authors: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Zhang
authors: Z
authors: Cheng
authors: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Wing-Yin
authors: WY
authors: Mo
authors: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yu-Bon
authors: YB
authors: Man
authors: Institute of the Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Xiang-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Nie
authors: Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
authors: Kai-Bing
authors: KB
authors: Li
authors: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: minghwong@ied.edu.hk.
authors: Ming-Hung
authors: MH
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis; D005399:Fishes; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D062611:Solid Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003634:DDT
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Food waste; Fresh water fish; Health risks; OCPs