title: Impact of orange juice consumption on bone health of the U.S. population in the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2006.
abstract: Orange juice (OJ) fortified with calcium (Ca) and vitamin D has turned OJ into a readily available source of these nutrients for children and adults. However, the impact of OJ consumption on Ca and vitamin D adequacy and bone health has not been documented. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the contribution of 100% OJ consumption to dietary and serum Ca and vitamin D status, and bone health parameters in the U.S. population aged 4 years and older (n=13,971) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Food consumption data were coded to produce micronutrient intake values using the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 3.0. Serum concentrations of bone-related micronutrients and biomarkers, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured. Analysis of data was conducted using SAS software 9.2 and SUDAAN. OJ consumers showed higher intakes of bone-related micronutrients, compared with nonconsumers (P<.05). In addition, OJ consumers had higher serum Ca levels in adults (P<.01) and had a lower odds ratio for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 <20 ng/mL in children (P<.05). OJ consumption was positively associated with femur BMD in children (P<.05) and with femur BMC in both children and adults (P<.05). In conclusion, OJ may be recommended as an effective dietary means of improving the status of Ca and vitamin D, acid-base balance, and of promoting bone health in children and adults.
authors: 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA .
authors: Sang Gil
authors: SG
authors: Lee
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Yang
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Terrence
authors: T
authors: Vance
authors: Beate
authors: B
authors: Lloyd
authors: Sang-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Chung
authors: Sung I
authors: SI
authors: Koo
authors: Ock K
authors: OK
authors: Chun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: bone mineral content; bone mineral density; calcium; fortification; orange juice; vitamin D