title: Verification of NOx emission inventories over North Korea.
abstract: In this study, the top-down NOx emissions estimated from satellite observations of NO2 vertical column densities over North Korea from 1996 to 2009 were analyzed. Also, a bottom-up NOx emission inventory from REAS 1.1 from 1980 to 2005 was analyzed with several statistics. REAS 1.1 was in good agreement with the top-down approach for both trend and amount. The characteristics of NOx emissions in North Korea were quite different from other developed countries including South Korea. In North Korea, emissions from industry sector was the highest followed by transportation sector in the 1980s. However, after 1990, the NOx emissions from other sector, mainly agriculture, became the 2nd highest. Also, no emission centers such as urban areas or industrial areas were distinctively observed. Finally, the monthly NOx emissions were high during the warm season.
authors: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Na Kyung
authors: NK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yong@ewha.ac.kr.
authors: Yong Pyo
authors: YP
authors: Kim
authors: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Morino
authors: Atmospheric Research Department, Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Jun-ichi
authors: J
authors: Kurokawa
authors: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Electronic address: tohara@nies.go.jp.
authors: Toshimasa
authors: T
authors: Ohara
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056911:Democratic People's Republic of Korea; D007221:Industry; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides
keywords: NO(x) emission inventories; North Korea; REAS 1.1; Top down NO(x) estimation