title: Vitamin E and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in schizophrenia patients treated with haloperidol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, oxidative damage has been associated with severity of clinical symptoms and supplementation with antioxidants and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPUFAs) was proposed to have beneficial effects in schizophrenia. We evaluated the effects of supplementation with EPUFAs and vitamin E in patients treated with haloperidol depot injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study with four arms (Placebo, vitamin E, EPUFAs, and vitamin E + EPUFAs). Biomarkers of oxidative stress, neurochemistry, psychopathology, and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In EPUFAs group of patients, reduced glutathione concentration was increased compared to placebo. Concentration of oxidized glutathione was decreased in patients receiving vitamin E. In addition, compared to placebo a non-significant trend of increased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was observed in all three treatment groups. Patients receiving vitamin E experienced less motor retardation. No difference in extrapyramidal symptoms was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that supplementation with vitamin E and EPUFAs may improve the antioxidative defense, especially glutathione system, while there is no major effect on symptoms severity. Supplemental treatment with EPUFAs and vitamin E in schizophrenia patients treated with haloperidol is potentially beneficial and a larger independent study appears warranted.
authors: a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
authors: Marija
authors: M
authors: Bošković
authors: a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
authors: Tomaž
authors: T
authors: Vovk
authors: b Department of Psychiatry , University Clinical Centre Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia.
authors: Jure
authors: J
authors: Koprivšek
authors: c University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
authors: Blanka Kores
authors: BK
authors: Plesničar
authors: a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
authors: Iztok
authors: I
authors: Grabnar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014810:Vitamin E; D019301:Oleic Acid; C033563:haloperidol decanoate; D006220:Haloperidol
keywords: Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids; Haloperidol; Oxidative stress; Schizophrenia; Vitamin E