title: Survival analysis of Hispanics in a cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) appears to have worse prognosis among Hispanics and other ethnic minorities in the United States. We investigated the overall survival (OS) of Hispanics with HCC and compared it with non-Hispanic (NH) whites and NH blacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed and treated for HCC at an urban medical center between 2000 and 2011 were identified from the institutional cancer registry. A Cox proportional-hazard model was used to assess survival differences between Hispanics, NH whites, and NH blacks after adjusting for clinically and statistically significant variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 681 patients were identified, 24 of whom were excluded due to inability to confirm the diagnosis of HCC based on radiologic criteria and 24 due to unavailable ethnicity data. The remaining 633 patients were used for analysis. Of this final cohort, 49% (n = 309) were Hispanic, 23% (n = 144) were NH white, and 28% (n = 180) were NH black. The median OS among Hispanics was 16.3 months and was similar to that of NH whites (14.0 months) and NH blacks (17.3 months) (P = 0.76). Multivariate analysis revealed a hazard ratio for death for Hispanics of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.58-1.07, P = .12) when compared with NH whites and a hazard ratio for death of 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.68-1.19, P = 0.46) when compared with NH blacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous reports, Hispanics with HCC from this cohort experienced similar OS when compared with NH whites and NH blacks.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors: Santiago
authors: S
authors: Aparo
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Goel
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Lin
authors: Nitin
authors: N
authors: Ohri
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Schwartz
authors: Yungtai
authors: Y
authors: Lo
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Kaubisch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hispanic; ethnic minorities; hepatocellular carcinoma; survival