title: African American mothers' self-described discipline strategies with young children in 1992 and 2012.
abstract: In this qualitative descriptive study, 30 young, unmarried, low-income African American mothers in Memphis, TN, were interviewed in 2011-2012 about their discipline strategies with their 12- to 19-month-old children. Using content analyses, their strategies were described and compared with those from a similar sample in 1992. Findings suggest both continuity and change during that 20-year period. More mothers in 2011-2012 described the use of distraction and time out, suggesting a wider variety of strategies than were used in 1992. These findings may help clinicians to better understand disciplinary methods in young low-income African American mothers such as these in Memphis. Approaching mothers in a respectful and culturally sensitive manner will help them focus on effective, developmentally appropriate strategies consistent with their own parenting goals.
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: LeCuyer
authors: Julie J
authors: JJ
authors: Christensen
authors: Donna
authors: D
authors: Kreher
authors: Margaret H
authors: MH
authors: Kearney
authors: Harriet J
authors: HJ
authors: Kitzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D011678:Punishment; D013714:Tennessee; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: African American; behavior problems; children; discipline; parenting