title: Molecular analysis of long-term biofilm formation on PVC and cast iron surfaces in drinking water distribution system.
abstract: To understand the impacts of different plumbing materials on long-term biofilm formation in water supply system, we analyzed microbial community compositions in the bulk water and biofilms on faucets with two different materials-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cast iron, which have been frequently used for more than10 years. Pyrosequencing was employed to describe both bacterial and eukaryotic microbial compositions. Bacterial communities in the bulk water and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other. Specific bacterial populations colonized on the surface of different materials. Hyphomicrobia and corrosion associated bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus spp., Aquabacterium spp., Limnobacter thiooxidans, and Thiocapsa spp., were the most dominant bacteria identified in the PVC and cast iron biofilms, respectively, suggesting that bacterial colonization on the material surfaces was selective. Mycobacteria and Legionella spp. were common potential pathogenic bacteria occurred in the biofilm samples, but their abundance was different in the two biofilm bacterial communities. In contrast, the biofilm samples showed more similar eukaryotic communities than the bulk water. Notably, potential pathogenic fungi, i.e., Aspergillus spp. and Candida parapsilosis, occurred in similar abundance in both biofilms. These results indicated that microbial community, especially bacterial composition was remarkably affected by the different pipe materials (PVC and cast iron).
authors: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: lry1981@126.com.
authors: Ruyin
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Junge
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: yuzs@ucas.ac.cn.
authors: Zhisheng
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: DevRaj
authors: D
authors: Joshi
authors: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Hongxun
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Wenfang
authors: W
authors: Lin
authors: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D007501:Iron; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D007501:Iron
keywords: biofilm; drinking water; microbial community; pyrosequencing; surface material