title: Evaluation of pre-arrest morbidity score and prognosis after resuscitation score and other clinical variables associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest in southern Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pre-arrest morbidity score (PAM), prognosis after resuscitation score (PAR) and to identify additional clinical variables associated with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational study involving all cases of IHCA at Skåne University Hospital Malmö 2007-2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-hundred-eighty-seven cases of IHCA were identified (61.3% male; mean age 70 years) of whom 20.2% survived until discharge. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for death prior to discharge was 6.49 (1.50-28.19) (p=0.013) for PAM>6 and 3.88 (1.95-7.73) (p<0.001) for PAR>4. At PAM- and PAR-scores >5, specificity exceeded 90%, while sensitivity was only 20-30%. The odds ratio for in-hospital mortality was 0.38 (0.20-0.72) (p=0.003) for patients with cardiac monitoring, 9.86 (5.08-19.12) (p<0.001) for non-shockable vs shockable rhythm, 0.32 (0.15-0.69) (p=0.004) for presence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 0.27 (0.09-0.78) (p=0.016) for patients with independent Activities of Daily Life (ADL) and 13.86 (1.86-103.46) (p=0.010) for patients with malignancies. Heart rate (HR) on admission (per bpm) [1.024 (1.009-1.040) (p=0.002)] and sodium plasma concentration on admission (per mmoll(-1)) [0.92 (0.85-0.99) (p=0.023)] were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAM- and PAR-scores do not sufficiently discriminate between in-hospital death and survival after IHCA to be used as clinical tools guiding CPR decisions. We confirm that malignancy is associated with increased in-hospital mortality, and cardiac monitoring, shockable rhythm, STEMI and independent ADL, with decreased in-hospital mortality. Interestingly, our results suggest that HR and plasma sodium concentration upon admission may represent new tools for risk stratification.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: marcus.ohlsson@skane.se.
authors: Marcus Andreas
authors: MA
authors: Ohlsson
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Linn Maria
authors: LM
authors: Kennedy
authors: Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Tord
authors: T
authors: Juhlin
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: Olle
authors: O
authors: Melander
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; In-hospital cardiac arrest; Pre arrest morbidity score; Prognosis after resuscitation score; Survival