title: Induction of necrosis in human liver tumor cells by α-phellandrene.
abstract: α-Phellandrene (α-PA) is a component of dietary spices and herbs. The effect of α-PA on anticancer is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of α-PA on liver tumor cell death fate. Human liver tumor (J5) cells were incubated with α-PA and analyzed for cell cycle distribution, expression of Bax, Bcl-2, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein, and caspase-3 activity of J5 cells, and levels of nitric oxide (NO) production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and ATP depletion were also analyzed in this study. Results found that α-PA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the cell viability of J5 cells after 24-h treatment. The cell cycle distribution, Bax, Bcl-2, PARP protein levels, and caspase-3 activity of J5 cells did not change for 24 h after treatment with 30 μM α-PA. Reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased, mitochondrial membrane potential levels significantly decreased when J5 cells were treated with 30 μM α-PA for 24 h (P < 0.05). Thirty μM α-PA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the necrotic cell number, NO production, LDH leakage, and ATP depletion after 24 h of incubation. These results suggest that α-PA induced J5 cell necrosis but not apoptosis, and α-PA-induced necrosis possibly involved ATP depletion.
authors: a Department of Seafood Sciences , National Kaohsiung Marine University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors: Shu-Ling
authors: SL
authors: Hsieh
authors: Yi-Chen
authors: YC
authors: Li
authors: Weng-Cheng
authors: WC
authors: Chang
authors: Jing-Gung
authors: JG
authors: Chung
authors: Lan-Chi
authors: LC
authors: Hsieh
authors: Chih-Chung
authors: CC
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C005403:alpha phellandrene; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3