title: Application of a solar UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process to oil sands process-affected water remediation.
abstract: The solar UV/chlorine process has emerged as a novel advanced oxidation process for industrial and municipal wastewaters. Currently, its practical application to oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) remediation has been studied to treat fresh OSPW retained in large tailings ponds, which can cause significant adverse environmental impacts on ground and surface waters in Northern Alberta, Canada. Degradation of naphthenic acids (NAs) and fluorophore organic compounds in OSPW was investigated. In a laboratory-scale UV/chlorine treatment, the NAs degradation was clearly structure-dependent and hydroxyl radical-based. In terms of the NAs degradation rate, the raw OSPW (pH ∼ 8.3) rates were higher than those at an alkaline condition (pH = 10). Under actual sunlight, direct solar photolysis partially degraded fluorophore organic compounds, as indicated by the qualitative synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS) of the OSPW, but did not impact NAs degradation. The solar/chlorine process effectively removed NAs (75-84% removal) and fluorophore organic compounds in OSPW in the presence of 200 or 300 mg L(-1) OCl(-). The acute toxicity of OSPW toward Vibrio fischeri was reduced after the solar/chlorine treatment. However, the OSPW toxicity toward goldfish primary kidney macrophages after solar/chlorine treatment showed no obvious toxicity reduction versus that of untreated OSPW, which warrants further study for process optimization.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , 9105 116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2W2.
authors: Zengquan
authors: Z
authors: Shu
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Miodrag
authors: M
authors: Belosevic
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Bolton
authors: Mohamed Gamal
authors: MG
authors: El-Din
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta; D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri; D002170:Canada; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002713:Chlorine; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C046170:naphthenic acid