title: Protective effect of Aframomum melegueta phenolics against CCl₄-induced rat hepatocytes damage; role of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition.
abstract: Aframomum melegueta is a commonly used African spice. Through a hepatoprotective bioassay-guided isolation, the chloroform fraction of A.melegueta seeds yielded one new diarylheptanoid named 3-(S)-acetyl-1-(4'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di methoxyphenyl)-7-(3″,4″, 5″-trihydroxyphenyl)heptane (1), and two new hydroxyphenylalkanones, [8]-dehydrogingerdione (2) and [6]-dehydroparadol (3), in addition to six known compounds (4-9). The hepatoprotective effect of A. melegueta methanol extract, sub-fractions and isolated compounds was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury in a rat hepatocytes model. The methanol, chloroform extracts and compounds 1, 5, 8 and 9 of A. melegueta significantly inhibited the elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin-1beta (Il-1β), caspase3 and 9 and enhanced the reduced liver glutathione (GSH) level caused by CCl₄ intoxication. These results indicate that A.melegueta extracts, and isolated compounds play a protective role in CCl₄ induced acute liver injury which might be due to elevated antioxidative defense potentials, suppressed inflammatory responses and apoptosis of liver tissue.
authors: 1] Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia [2] Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Ali M
authors: AM
authors: El-Halawany
authors: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Riham Salah
authors: RS
authors: El Dine
authors: 1] Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt [2] Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy &Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: Nesrine S
authors: NS
authors: El Sayed
authors: Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama; 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride