title: Small dense LDL cholesterol measured by homogeneous assay in Japanese healthy controls, metabolic syndrome and diabetes patients with or without a fatty liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels in healthy controls and the cases with diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with or without a fatty liver in a large, typical Japanese population was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma lipids and lipoproteins, including sdLDL-C by homogeneous assay, were determined in controls, MetS and T2DM patients (n=5255). The cases with MetS and preliminary MetS (pre-MetS) as well as T2DM and preliminary T2DM (pre-DM) were selected based on the Japanese criteria for MetS and T2DM. Fatty liver was diagnosed using the ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 75th percentile values for sdLDL-C were 27.5mg/dl for men and 23.3mg/dl for women and increased with age. The concentrations of sdLDL-C and sdLDL-C/LDL-C were significantly higher in pre-MetS and pre-T2DM patients than healthy controls as well as in MetS and T2DM patients. Significantly higher sdLDL-C was found in cases with a fatty liver than without a fatty liver in all five groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly elevated sdLDL-C levels were found in pre-MetS, MetS and pre-T2DM, T2DM patients compared to the healthy controls. Fatty liver significantly enhanced serum sdLDL-C levels and the multiple regression analyses ascertained that fatty liver was an independent determinant for sdLDL-C.
authors: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. Electronic address: kojikkw@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Kikkawa
authors: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors: Katsuyuki
authors: K
authors: Nakajima
authors: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
authors: Younosuke
authors: Y
authors: Shimomura
authors: Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors: Yoshiharu
authors: Y
authors: Tokita
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Machida
authors: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Sumino
authors: Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
authors: Masami
authors: M
authors: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL
keywords: Coronary heart disease (CHD); Fatty Liver; Homogeneous sdLDL-C assay; MetS; Preliminary-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS); Preliminary-type 2 diabetes mellitus (pre-T2DM); T2DM