title: Toll-like receptor signalling through macromolecular protein complexes.
abstract: The molecular mechanisms by which pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) signal are increasingly well understood. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signals through two separate pairs of adaptor proteins Mal/MyD88 and Tram/Trif. Structural studies have revealed a common theme for PRR signalling in that their signalling proteins form large macromolecular complexes which are thought to form the active signalling complex. The first of these to be characterised was the MyD88 signalling complex Myddosome. Many questions remain unanswered however. In particular it is unclear whether these signalling complexes form within the living cell, how many of each signalling protein is within the intracellular Myddosome and whether the stoichiometry can vary in a ligand-dependent manner. In this review we will discuss what is known about the macromolecular complexes thought to be important for TLR4 signalling.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ceb27@cam.ac.uk.
authors: Clare E
authors: CE
authors: Bryant
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom.
authors: Martyn
authors: M
authors: Symmons
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom.
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Gay
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Myddosome; Toll-like receptor 4