title: The energy and protein value of wheat, maize and blend DDGS for cattle and evaluation of prediction methods.
abstract: The chemical composition inclusive amino acids (AAs) and the energy and protein value of three wheat, three maize and seven blend (mainly wheat) dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) were determined. The net energy for lactation (NEL) was derived from digestion coefficients obtained with sheep. The digestible protein in the intestines (DVE) and the degraded protein balance (OEB) were determined by nylon bag incubations in the rumen and the intestines of cannulated cows. Additional chemical parameters like acid-detergent insoluble CP (ADICP), protein solubility in water, in borate-phosphate buffer and in pepsin-HCl, in vitro digestibility (cellulase, protease, rumen fluid) and colour scores (L*, a*, b*) were evaluated as potential predictors of the energy and protein value. Compared to wheat DDGS (WDDGS), maize DDGS (MDDGS) had a higher NEL-value (8.49 v. 7.38 MJ/kg DM), a higher DVE-content (216 v. 198 g/kg DM) and a lower OEB-value (14 v. 66 g/kg DM). The higher energy value of MDDGS was mainly due to the higher crude fat (CFA) content (145 v. 76 g/kg DM) and also to better digestible cell-walls, whereas the higher protein value was mainly due to the higher percentage of rumen bypass protein (RBP: 69.8 v. 55.6%). The NEL-value of blend DDGS (BDDGS) was in between that of the pure DDGS-types, whereas its DVE-value was similar to MDDGS. Although lower in CP and total AAs, MDDGS provided a similar amount of essential AAs as the other DDGS-types. Lysine content was most reduced in the production of WDDGS and cysteine in MDDGS. Fat content explained 68.6% of the variation in NEL, with hemicellulose and crude ash as extra explaining variables. The best predictor for RBP as well as for OEB was the protein solubility in pepsin-HCl (R 2=77.3% and 83.5%). Intestinal digestibility of RBP could best be predicted by ADF (R 3=73.6%) and the combination of CFA and NDF could explain 60.2% of the variation in the content of absorbable microbial protein. The availability of AAs could accurately be predicted from the rumen bypass and intestinal digestibility of CP.
authors: 1Animal Sciences Unit,ILVO (Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research),9090 Melle,Belgium.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: De Boever
authors: 2Product Board Animal Feed,2719EK Zoetermeer,The Netherlands.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Blok
authors: 1Animal Sciences Unit,ILVO (Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research),9090 Melle,Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Millet
authors: 1Animal Sciences Unit,ILVO (Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research),9090 Melle,Belgium.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Vanacker
authors: 1Animal Sciences Unit,ILVO (Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research),9090 Melle,Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: De Campeneere
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins