title: The MMPI-2 in chronic psychiatric illness.
abstract: While previous studies on the MMPI-2 in patients with schizophrenia and depression have used mixed samples of both early stage and chronic psychiatric patients. Here, it is investigated whether chronicity itself might have a differential effect on the MMPI-2 profiles of these patients and whether demoralization 'associated with long-term illness' affects the scales of the MMPI-2. Thirty long-term patients with schizophrenia, 30 long-term patients with depression, and 30 healthy participants completed the MMPI-2. Groups were compared on Clinical Scales and on the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales. Patients with schizophrenia differed from patients with depression on 14 MMPI-2 scales and from healthy controls on 10 scales, generally showing mean UT-scores < 65, indicating a subjective experience of (near) normal functioning. Patients with depression differed from healthy controls on 17 scales mostly with UT-scores > 65, indicating impaired functioning. Demoralization was higher in patients with depression than in patients with schizophrenia and both psychiatric groups differed from the healthy control group. It is concluded that long-term patients with depression show impaired functioning and high demoralization, while long-term patients with schizophrenia surprisingly show near normal functioning and less demoralization.
authors: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; LVR-Klinik Bedburg-Hau, Kleve, Germany; Division of Acupuncture & Meridian, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute and School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Peggy
authors: P
authors: Bosch
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Van Luijtelaar
authors: Maurits
authors: M
authors: Van Den Noort
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Schenkwald
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Kueppenbender
authors: Sabina
authors: S
authors: Lim
authors: Jos
authors: J
authors: Egger
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Coenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D011594:Psychometrics; D012559:Schizophrenia; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Long-term, schizophrenia; demoralization; depression, MMPI-2; personality assessment, RC-scales