title: Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves (MPBL).
  
  
  METHODS
  MPBL was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. Analgesic activity of MPBL was evaluated by hot plate, writhing, and formalin tests. Total phenolic and flavonoids content, total antioxidant activity, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, peroxynitrate (ONOO) as well as inhibition of total ROS generation, and assessment of reducing power were used to evaluate antioxidant potential of MPBL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract of MPBL, at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in pain threshold in hot plate method whereas significantly (p<0.05) reduced the writhing caused by acetic acid and the number of licks induced by formalin in a dose-dependent manner. The same ranges of doses of MPBL caused significant (p<0.05) inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema after 4 h in a dose-dependent manner. In DPPH, ONOO(-), and total ROS scavenging method, MPBL showed good antioxidant potentiality with the IC50 value of 16.33±1.02, 25.16±0.61 , and 41.72±0.48 µg/ml, respectively with a significant (p<0.05) good reducing power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the study suggested that MPBL has strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, conforming the traditional use of this plant for inflammatory pain alleviation to its antioxidant potentiality.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Badrul
authors: B
authors: Alam
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Fahima
authors: F
authors: Akter
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Nahida
authors: N
authors: Parvin
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Rashna
authors: R
authors: Sharmin Pia
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Sharmin
authors: S
authors: Akter
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Jesmin
authors: J
authors: Chowdhury
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Kazi
authors: K
authors: Sifath-E-Jahan
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh ; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
authors: Ekramul
authors: E
authors: Haque
keywords: Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Piper betle