title: Obese children and adolescents need increased gastric volumes in order to perceive satiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to develop effective weight management strategies, it is important to identify factors that influence energy intake. Portion size has been discussed as one such factor. To date, most studies focusing on the relationship between portion size, energy intake, and weight have analyzed questionnaire data and 24-h records. In this study, we assessed the onset of satiety using the water-load test in normal-weight and obese children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 obese and 27 normal-weight children and adolescents aged between 9 and 17 years participated in the water load test which involved drinking water for 3 min or until feeling full. The amount of water consumed was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese children and adolescents drank 20% more water until the onset of satiety when compared with normal-weight participants (478 ± 222 ml vs. 385 ± 115 ml, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children and adolescents need to ingest greater volumes to feel full which may predispose toward the consumption of larger portion sizes. This may easily lead to overeating if predominantly energy-dense foods are consumed. A reduction in energy-dense foods in the diet of obese children and adolescents appears to be a necessary strategy for managing body weight.
authors: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Mack
authors: Helene
authors: H
authors: Sauer
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Weimer
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Dammann
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Zipfel
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Enck
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Teufel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D004326:Drinking; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012527:Satiation; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adolescents; children; obesity; portion size; satiety; water load