title: Molecular determination of mixed infections of dermatophytes and nondermatophyte molds in individuals with onychomycosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports of mixed infections with nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and dermatophytes in onychomycosis are rare, possibly owing to the inhibition of NDM growth during traditional culture. We sought to determine the prevalence of mixed infections in onychomycosis using molecular identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular analyses were used to identify infecting organisms directly from at least two serial great toenail samples from each of the 44 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixed infections were present in 41% of the patients (18 of 44). A single coinfecting NDM was the most common mixed infection and was detected in 34% of patients with onychomycosis (15 of 44), with Fusarium oxysporum present in 14% (6 of 44), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in 9% (4 of 44), Acremonium spp in 2% (1 of 44), Aspergillus spp in 4.5% (2 of 44), and Scytalidium spp in 4.5% (2 of 44). Mixed infections with two NDMs were found in 7% of patients (3 of 44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mixed onychomycosis infections may be more prevalent than previously reported.
authors: Aditya K
authors: AK
authors: Gupta
authors: Kerry-Ann
authors: KA
authors: Nakrieko
mesh_terms: D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal