title: The significance of intraoperative electromyographic "lateral spread" in predicting outcome of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm (HFS), an abnormal muscle response can be recorded upon stimulation of the facial nerve, also known as the lateral spread response. This response may vanish after MVD and has been associated with a successful outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if resolution of lateral spread correlated with the elimination of HFS in a single surgeon's experience. Design and
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Retrospective analysis of 38 patients undergoing MVD with intraoperative electromyography for HFS. (2) Meta-analysis of studies from the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence or absence of HFS and any complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lateral spread response was seen in 36 patients; 20 patients had full resolution. Of these, 15 patients became HFS free, and 5 five patients still had some degree of HFS. Sixteen patients had a persistent lateral spread response despite a technically successful MVD; 11 of these became spasm free, and 5 still suffered from some degree of facial twitching. Analyzing 16 studies reporting a total of 1301 patients, a significant correlation (p < 0.0001) between response cessation and resolution of HFS was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of monitoring lateral spread response as a predictor for clinical outcome is limited.
authors: Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Kajetan
authors: K
authors: von Eckardstein
authors: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Harper
authors: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Castner
authors: Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Link
keywords: hemifacial spasm; intraoperative monitoring; lateral spread response; microvascular decompression