title: Smell identification in individuals at clinical high risk for schizophrenia.
abstract: Smell identification deficits exist in schizophrenia, and may be associated with its negative symptoms. Less is known about smell identification and its clinical correlates in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. We examined smell identification, symptoms and IQ in 71 clinical high-risk (CHR) subjects and 36 healthy controls. Smell identification was assessed using both the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT; Doty, R.L., Shaman, P., Kimmelman, C.P., Dann, M.S., 1984. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic. Laryngoscope 94, 176-178) and its extracted 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test (Goudsmit, N., Coleman, E., Seckinger, R.A., Wolitzky, R., Stanford, A.D., Corcoran, C., Goetz, R.R., Malaspina, D., 2003. A brief smell identification test discriminates between deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 120, 155-164). Smell identification did not significantly differ between CHR subjects and controls. Among CHR subjects, smell identification did not predict schizophrenia (N=19; 27%) within 2 years, nor was it associated with negative or positive symptoms. This is the third prospective cohort study to examine smell identification in CHR subjects, and overall, findings are inconclusive, similar to what is found for other disorders in adolescents, such as autism spectrum, attention deficit and anxiety disorders. Smell identification deficit may not have clear utility as a marker of emergent schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Kelly Elizabeth
authors: KE
authors: Gill
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Evans
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Kayser
authors: School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Shelly
authors: S
authors: Ben-David
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Messinger
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Bruder
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Dolores
authors: D
authors: Malaspina
authors: Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: cc788@columbia.edu.
authors: Cheryl Mary
authors: CM
authors: Corcoran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Negative symptoms; Odor; Olfaction; Prodromal; Prodrome; Schizophrenia; Ultra high risk