title: Gelatin functionalised porous titanium alloy implants for orthopaedic applications.
abstract: In the present work, we studied the immobilisation of the biopolymer gelatin onto the surface of three dimensional (3D) regular Ti6Al4V porous implants to improve their surface bio-activity. The successful immobilisation of the gelatin coating was made possible by a polydopamine interlayer, a polymer coating inspired by the adhesive nature of mussels. The presence of both coatings was first optimised on two dimensional titanium (2D Ti) substrates and confirmed by different techniques including X-ray photelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Results showed homogeneous coatings that are stable for at least 24h in phosphate buffer at 37°C. In a next step, the coating procedure was successfully transferred to 3D Ti6Al4V porous implants, which indicates the versatility of the applied coating procedure with regard to complex surface morphologies. Furthermore, the bio-activity of these stable gelatin coatings was enhanced by applying a third and final coating using the cell-attractive protein fibronectin. The reproducible immobilisation process allowed for a controlled biomolecule presentation to the surrounding tissue. This newly developed coating procedure outperformed the previously reported silanisation procedure for immobilising gelatin. In vitro cell adhesion and culture studies with human periosteum-derived cells showed that the investigated coatings did not compromise the biocompatible nature of Ti6Al4V porous implants, but no distinct biological differences between the coatings were found.
authors: Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Vanderleyden
authors: Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Production Engineering, Machine Design and Automation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300b, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Biomechanics and Engineering Design, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300c, Box 2419, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Van Bael
authors: Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Y C
authors: YC
authors: Chai
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Production Engineering, Machine Design and Automation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300b, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: J-P
authors: JP
authors: Kruth
authors: Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Bus 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Schrooten
authors: Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: pbmugent@gmail.com.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Dubruel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000497:Alloys; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007211:Indoles; D011108:Polymers; C568283:polydopamine; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D005780:Gelatin; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bone tissue engineering; Gelatin; In vitro; Porous implants; Ti6Al4V