title: Bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic/urinary antigen-positive pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia compared.
abstract: The diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal pneumonia is based mainly on bacteraemia. Episodes without bacteraemia, but with a positive urinary antigen test (UAT), are considered non-invasive. We determined differences in outcome between patients with bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic/UAT-positive pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Adult patients with clinical and radiological evidence of CAP with blood cultures and UAT tests performed at presentation in three Dutch laboratories between June 2008 and May 2010 were included. Clinical characteristics were retrospectively extracted from hospital records. Overall, 168 patients had non-bacteraemic/UAT-positive pneumococcal CAP and 123 had bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP. The day-30 mortality was 9% and 13% for non-bacteraemic/UAT-positive and bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP patients, respectively [risk difference -4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -11% to +3%, p = 0.28]. In a multivariable logistic regression model, age ≥ 65 years, admission to the intensive care unit/coronary care unit (ICU/CCU) and presence of an immunocompromising condition were associated with day-30 mortality. A non-significant association with mortality was found for bacteraemia [odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% CI 0.94-5.21, p = 0.07). No such trend was found for UAT positivity. The median lengths of hospital stay were 8 [interquartile range (IQR) 5-14] and 10 (IQR 6-18) days for non-bacteraemic/UAT-positive and bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP patients, respectively (p = 0.05). As compared to non-bacteraemic/UAT-positive pneumococcal CAP, bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP has a stronger association with day-30 mortality.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, P.O. Box 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. S.van.mens@antoniusziekenhuis.nl.|Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. S.van.mens@antoniusziekenhuis.nl.
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: van Mens
authors: Linnaeus Institute, P.O. Box 770, 2130 AT, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands.|Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: A M M
authors: AMM
authors: van Deursen
authors: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: de Greeff
authors: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: de Melker
authors: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Schouls
authors: Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: van der Ende
authors: Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: M J M
authors: MJM
authors: Bonten
authors: Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: E A M
authors: EAM
authors: Sanders
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, P.O. Box 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors: B J M
authors: BJM
authors: Vlaminckx
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial