title: Phylogenetics of Bonamia parasites based on small subunit and internal transcribed spacer region ribosomal DNA sequence data.
abstract: The genus Bonamia (Haplosporidia) includes economically significant oyster parasites. Described species were thought to have fairly circumscribed host and geographic ranges: B. ostreae infecting Ostrea edulis in Europe and North America, B. exitiosa infecting O. chilensis in New Zealand, and B. roughleyi infecting Saccostrea glomerata in Australia. The discovery of B. exitiosa-like parasites in new locations and the observation of a novel species, B. perspora, in non-commercial O. stentina altered this perception and prompted our wider evaluation of the global diversity of Bonamia parasites. Samples of 13 oyster species from 21 locations were screened for Bonamia spp. by PCR, and small subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions of Bonamia sp. ribosomal DNA were sequenced from PCR-positive individuals. Infections were confirmed histologically. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian methods revealed one species, B. exitiosa, to be widely distributed, infecting 7 oyster species from Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, eastern and western USA, and Tunisia. More limited host and geographic distributions of B. ostreae and B. perspora were confirmed, but nothing genetically identifiable as B. roughleyi was found in Australia or elsewhere. Newly discovered diversity included a Bonamia sp. in Dendostrea sandvicensis from Hawaii, USA, that is basal to the other Bonamia species and a Bonamia sp. in O. edulis from Tomales Bay, California, USA, that is closely related to both B. exitiosa and the previously observed Bonamia sp. from O. chilensis in Chile.
authors: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
authors: Kristina M
authors: KM
authors: Hill
authors: Nancy A
authors: NA
authors: Stokes
authors: Stephen C
authors: SC
authors: Webb
authors: P Mike
authors: PM
authors: Hine
authors: Marina A
authors: MA
authors: Kroeck
authors: James D
authors: JD
authors: Moore
authors: Margaret S
authors: MS
authors: Morley
authors: Kimberly S
authors: KS
authors: Reece
authors: Eugene M
authors: EM
authors: Burreson
authors: Ryan B
authors: RB
authors: Carnegie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D041602:Haplosporida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer