title: Substantive review of the literature of medication treatment of chronic low back pain among adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain can be debilitating, and it is often inadequately treated, particularly among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). CLBP has a substantial economic impact, as it affects an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living and maintain employment. This study aims to review original studies related to the evidence-based management of patients with CLBP to develop an algorithm for prescribing medications and recommending other treatment modalities for patients with CLBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database was conducted to identify studies related to the evidence-based management of CLBP that were performed between 2003 and 2012. The following keywords were used: low back pain, back pain, chronic back pain, medication management, and adjunct therapy. The selected articles were specific to CLBP, medication-based management, and additional treatment options, such as adjunct therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The collected data revealed that there are a number of approaches to the management of CLBP. Medication regimens are frequently used and widely available, but alternative treatment modalities can also be effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providers should encourage patients to explore a variety of treatment modalities that can provide pain relief and improve functionality and overall well-being.
authors: Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
authors: Ebunoluwa O
authors: EO
authors: Falope
authors: Susan J
authors: SJ
authors: Appel
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
keywords: Pain management; adjunct therapy; adults; chronic illness; medications