title: Can physical examination predict the intraarticular tear pattern of the anterior cruciate ligament?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the correlation between physical examinations and the tear patterns of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2003 to May 2007, we reviewed 201 cases of ACL rupture, diagnosed by MRI. Two orthopaedic surgeons (a fellow and a senior surgeon) evaluated the instability of the knee under anaesthesia: physical examinations were the anterior draw test (AD), Lachman test (LT), and pivot shift test (PT). By describing the rupture pattern and the site of the anteromedial (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) during arthroscopic examination, we analysed the correlation between the physical examination under anaesthesia and arthroscopic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In terms of the arthroscopic findings, rupture of the PLB was seen in 83 cases (41.3 %), of the AMB in 24 cases (11.9 %), and of both bundles in 94 cases (46.8 %). The kappa values for the physical examinations between the examiners were 0.963 (AD), 0.92 (LT), and 0.865 (PT). AD and LT above grade 2 did not differ significantly according to the pattern of rupture, but a PT above grade 2 was significantly different in ruptured PLB versus complete rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PT of more than grade 2 is a reliable physical examination for prediction of ruptured PLB or complete rupture.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-Gu, 130-702, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Kyoung Ho
authors: KH
authors: Yoon
authors: Sang Hak
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Soo Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Dong Geun
authors: DG
authors: Kang
authors: Kee Yun
authors: KY
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult