title: Response of laying hens to feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets under high ambient temperature: performance, egg quality, leukocyte profile, blood lipids, and excreta pH.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine whether, by using a low-protein amino acid-supplemented diet, the health status, stress response, and excreta quality could be improved without affecting the productive performance of heat-stressed laying hens. The requirements for egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were also estimated using second-order equations and broken-line regression. A total of 150 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL-Lite) hens were divided randomly into five groups of 30 with five replicates of six hens. The hens were raised for an 8-week period (52 to 60 weeks) in wire cages situated in high ambient temperature in an open-sided housing system. The five experimental diets (ME; 2,720 kcal/kg) varied according to five crude protein (CP) levels: normal-CP diet (control, 16.5 % CP) and low-CP diets containing 15.0, 13.5, 12.0, or 10.5 % CP. All experimental diets were supplemented with crystalline amino acids at the levels sufficient to meet their requirements. The results showed that under high temperature conditions, all productive performance and egg quality parameters in the birds fed with 15.0, 13.5, and 12.0 % CP diets were similar to those of birds fed with control diet (16.5 % CP), whereas feeding 10.5 % CP diet significantly decreased egg production and egg mass. Estimations of requirements were of 13.93 and 12.77 % CP for egg production, 14.62 and 13.22 % CP for egg mass, and 12.93 and 12.26 % CP for feed conversion ratio using quadratic and broken-line models, respectively. Egg yolk color index, blood triglyceride level, and excreta acidity were also significantly higher in birds fed with 12.0 and 10.5 % CP diets compared with those of control birds. The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, as a stress indicator, was significantly decreased by 15.0, 13.5, and 12 % CP diets. On the basis of our findings, reducing dietary CP from 16.5 to 12.0 % and supplementing the diets with the essential amino acids showed merit for improving the stress response and excreta quality while maintaining acceptable production performance from laying hens under high ambient temperature conditions.
authors: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box: 6715685418, Imam Avenue, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Mehran
authors: M
authors: Torki
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Mohebbifar
authors: Hossein Ali
authors: HA
authors: Ghasemi
authors: Afshin
authors: A
authors: Zardast
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017753:Ecosystem; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008055:Lipids