title: Evaluation of the sonosensitizing activities of 5-aminolevulinic acid and Sn(IV) chlorin e6 in tumor-bearing chick embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and Sn(IV) chlorin e6 (SnCe6) have been proposed as possible sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy of cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties and sonosensitizing activities of 5-ALA and SnCe6 in vivo by using the EMT6/KU tumor-bearing chick embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of PpIX in tumor and liver tissues and serum increased in a time-dependent manner after the i.v. administration of 5-ALA; PpIX concentrations reached their peak level after 5-7 h. The concentration of SnCe6 reached its maximum value in the tumor tissue and serum immediately after i.v. administration. The combined treatment of 5-ALA or SnCe6 with ultrasound irradiation showed a significant antitumor effect towards EMT6/KU solid tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties and sonosensitizing activities of 5-ALA and SnCe6 in a chick embryo model and found that 5-ALA might be more suitable as a sonosensitizer than SnCe6.
authors: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan uto@bio.tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Uto
authors: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors: Dai
authors: D
authors: Tamatani
authors: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Mizuki
authors: Central Research Resource Branch, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Endo
authors: Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan.
authors: Ikuo
authors: I
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Ohkubo
authors: Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Osaka, Japan.
authors: Shunichi
authors: S
authors: Fukuzumi
authors: SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Ishizuka
authors: SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tohru
authors: T
authors: Tanaka
authors: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Kuchiike
authors: Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Kubo
authors: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Inui
authors: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Hori
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002642:Chick Embryo; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; C069117:tin(IV) chlorin e6; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX
keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; Pharmacokinetics; Sn(IV) chlorin e6; sonosensitizer; tumor-bearing chick embryo