title: Effects of 3 endodontic bioactive cements on osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because a root-end filling material comes into contact with the surrounding cells or tissues, understanding the cell-material interfacial activity is important. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the biocompatibility of 3 endodontic bioactive cements (MTA [Dentsply, Tulsa, OK], Bioaggregate [BA; Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, BC, Canada], and Biodentine [BD; Septodont, St Maur des Fosses, France]) and to investigate the effect of cements on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability, mineralization, and differentiation were evaluated using an 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The expressions of ALP, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein at the gene level were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability of BD in concentrations of 1, 1/2, and 1/4 was significantly lower than MTA and BA (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability between materials in concentrations of 1/10 and 1/50 (P < .05). The messenger RNA level of osteogenic genes increased significantly in the MTA and BA groups compared with controls (P < .05). However, although the messenger RNA level of osteogenic genes increased in the BD group, there was no statistically significant difference compared with controls. MTA, BA, and BD led to an increase in ALP staining compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, MTA, BA, and BD have effects on osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting that these cements may be useful for root-end filling material.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangu, Korea.
authors: Bin-Na
authors: BN
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Kkot-Nim
authors: KN
authors: Lee
authors: Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangu, Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Jeong-Tae
authors: JT
authors: Koh
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Kyung-San
authors: KS
authors: Min
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Hoon-Sang
authors: HS
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: In-Nam
authors: IN
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangu, Korea. Electronic address: ychwang@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors: Yun-Chan
authors: YC
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. Electronic address: wmoh@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors: Won-Mann
authors: WM
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000494:pharmacology; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; C557009:BioAggregate; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D015675:Osteocalcin; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; C506393:tricalcium silicate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: Bioaggregate; Biodentine; mineral trioxide aggregate