title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and insulin resistance in apparently healthy adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that is associated with diabetes and insulin resistance. However, the association between vitamin D and insulin resistance has not been fully studied, especially in the general adolescent population. Therefore, we assessed the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and insulin resistance among apparently healthy Korean adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 260 (135 male and 125 female) adolescents in a rural high school were assessed for serum 25(OH)D, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin. All of the participants were aged 15 to 16 years old, and without known hypertension or diabetes. Serum 25(OH)D was analyzed both as a continuous and categorical variable in association with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Increased insulin resistance was operationally defined as a HOMA-IR value higher than the sex-specific 75th percentile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In male adolescents, every 10 ng/ml decrease in 25(OH)D level was associated with a 0.25 unit increase in HOMA-IR (p = 0.003) after adjusting for age and BMI. Compared to those in the highest quartile, male adolescents in the lowest 25(OH)D quartile were at significantly higher risk for insulin resistance: unadjusted odds ratio 4.06 (95% CI, 1.26 to 13.07); age and BMI adjusted odds ratio 3.59 (95% CI, 1.03 to 12.57). However, 25(OH)D level, either in continuous or categorical measure, was not significantly associated with insulin resistance among female adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that serum 25(OH)D level may be inversely associated with insulin resistance in healthy male adolescents.
authors: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Dong Phil
authors: DP
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sun Min
authors: SM
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ju-Mi
authors: JM
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hye Min
authors: HM
authors: Cho
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Won Joon
authors: WJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Bo-Mi
authors: BM
authors: Song
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yumie
authors: Y
authors: Rhee
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyeon Chang
authors: HC
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D005947:Glucose