title: In vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene, Ca, Mg and Zn in landrace carrots (Daucus carota, L.).
abstract: Four landrace carrots ("Becaria", "CRS", "González" and "Rodríguez") and two marketable cultivars (Kuroda and Brasilia), raw and steamed, were characterised by the total content of β-carotene Ca, Mg and Zn, in vitro bioaccessibility and by colour and were evaluated to determine the effect of particle size in nutrient bioaccessibility. Steaming increased the content of β-carotene extracted from "CRS" and Brasilia (29% and 75%) and decreased the content of β-carotene extracted from "CRS" by 23% in "Rodríguez." In addition, steaming caused a loss of Ca (21%) but did not change the amount of Mg and Zn. The bioaccessibility of β-carotene in raw and pulped carrots was very low (<0.5%). Furthermore, steaming and a smaller particle size increased the bioaccessibility of β-carotene by 3-16 times. Additionally, cooking increased the in vitro bioaccessibility of Ca and Zn but had no effect on Mg. Moreover, homogenisation increased the bioaccessibility by 20% in Ca, 17% in Mg, and 10% in Zn compared to pulping.
authors: Poscosecha de Frutas y Hortalizas, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Eugenio Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: fzaccari@fagro.edu.uy.
authors: Fernanda
authors: F
authors: Zaccari
authors: Nutrición & Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Eugenio Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay; Fisiología & Nutrición. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 2245, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: María Cristina
authors: MC
authors: Cabrera
authors: Nutrición & Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avenida Eugenio Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay; Fisiología & Nutrición. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 2245, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Ramos
authors: Fisiología & Nutrición. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 2245, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Saadoun
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003296:Cooking; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Bioaccessibility; Carotenes; Cooking; Landrace carrots; Minerals; Pulped