title: Triple assessment of sentinel lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer using preoperative CTLG, intraoperative fluorescence navigation and OSNA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) became a standard surgical procedure for patients with early breast cancer; however, the optimal method of sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification remains controversial. The current study presents the protocol of our institution for preoperative and intraoperative SLN detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty female patients with early breast cancer and clinically node-negative axilla were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent preoperative CT lymphography (CTLG), intraoperative SLNB using fluorescence navigation, intraoperative one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) and postoperative hematoxylin and eosin histopathological analysis. Prediction of metastasis by CTLG and detection of metastasis by OSNA were compared to results of histopathology as standard reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SLN were identified by preoperative CTLG and intraoperative SLNB with fluorescence navigation in all patients, the identification rate was 100 %. SLN metastases were detected as positive by OSNA in 9 patients (18 %), 4 were (++), 4 were (+) and 1 was (+I). SLN metastases were detected as positive by histopathology in 10 patients (20 %). The concordance rate between OSNA and permanent sections was 90 %. The negative predictive value of CTLG was 80 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of CTLG and fluorescence navigation made performing SLNB with high accuracy possible in institutions that cannot use the radioisotope method. OSNA provided accurate intraoperative method, allowing for completion of axillary node dissection during surgery and avoidance of second surgical procedure in patients with positive SLNs, thereby reducing patient distress and, finally, saving hospital costs.
authors: Department of Oncological Medical Services, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.|Department of Oncological Surgery, Minia Oncology Institute, Minya, 61111, Egypt.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Mokhtar
authors: Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan. tadokoro@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yukiko
authors: Y
authors: Tadokoro
authors: Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
authors: Misako
authors: M
authors: Nakagawa
authors: Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
authors: Masami
authors: M
authors: Morimoto
authors: Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Takechi
authors: Department of Oncological Medical Services, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
authors: Kazuya
authors: K
authors: Kondo
authors: Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Tangoku
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: Breast cancer; Computed tomographic lymphography; One-step nucleic acid amplification; Sentinel lymph node biopsy