title: Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome due to hemorrhagic brain infarction: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome is a condition featuring hyponatremia and dehydration caused by head injury, operation on the brain, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumor and so on. However, there are a few reports of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome caused by cerebral infarction. We describe a patient with cerebral infarction who developed cerebral salt-wasting syndrome in the course of hemorrhagic transformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 79-year-old Japanese woman with hypertension and arrhythmia was admitted to our hospital for mild consciousness disturbance, conjugate deviation to right, left unilateral spatial neglect and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a broad ischemic change in right middle cerebral arterial territory. She was diagnosed as cardiogenic cerebral embolism because atrial fibrillation was detected on electrocardiogram on admission. She showed hyponatremia accompanied by polyuria complicated at the same time with the development of hemorrhagic transformation on day 14 after admission. Based on her hypovolemic hyponatremia, she was evaluated as not having syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone but cerebral salt-wasting syndrome. She fortunately recovered with proper fluid replacement and electrolyte management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a rare case of cerebral infarction and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome in the course of hemorrhagic transformation. It may be difficult to distinguish cerebral salt-wasting syndrome from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, however, an accurate assessment is needed to reveal the diagnosis of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome because the recommended fluid management is opposite in the two conditions.
authors: Division of Neurology, Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan. tanakat@hsp.ncvc.go.jp.
authors: Tomotaka
authors: T
authors: Tanaka
authors: Hisakazu
authors: H
authors: Uno
authors: Kotaro
authors: K
authors: Miyashita
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Nagatsuka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003681:Dehydration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging