title: A randomised trial of pre-exercise meal composition on performance and muscle damage in well-trained basketball players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attenuating muscle damage is important to subsequent sports performance. It is possible that pre-exercise protein intake could influence markers of muscle damage and benefit performance, however, published research provides conflicting results. At present no study has investigated protein and carbohydrate (PRO/CHO) co-ingestion solely pre-exercise, nor prior to basketball-specific exercise. The purpose of this study was to answer the research question; would pre-exercise protein intake enhance performance or attenuate muscle damage during a basketball simulation test?
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten well-trained male basketball players consumed either carbohydrate (1 g · kg(-1) body mass) with protein (1 g · kg(-1) body mass), or carbohydrate alone (2 g · kg(-1) body mass) in a randomised cross- over design, 90 minutes before completing an 87-minute exercise protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rise in creatine kinase (CK) from baseline to post-exercise was attenuated following PRO/CHO (56 ± 13U · L(-1)) compared to carbohydrate (100 ± 10 U · L(-1)), (p = 0.018). Blood glucose was also higher during and post-exercise following PRO/CHO (p < 0.050), as was free throw shooting accuracy in the fourth quarter (p = 0.027). Nausea during (p = 0.007) and post-(p = 0.039) exercise increased following PRO/CHO, as did cortisol post-exercise (p = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that in well-trained basketball players, pre-exercise PRO/CHO may attenuate the rise in CK, indicative of a decrease in muscle damage during exercise. However, unfamiliarity with the protein amount provided may have increased nausea during exercise, and this may have limited the ability to see an improvement in more performance measures.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Hannah Lonika
authors: HL
authors: Gentle
authors: Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre Sport & Exercise Science College of Engineering, Swansea University, Room 955 Talbot Building, SA2 8PP Swansea, Wales.
authors: Thomas Darrell
authors: TD
authors: Love
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Anna Susan
authors: AS
authors: Howe
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: Katherine Elizabeth
authors: KE
authors: Black
keywords: Creatine kinase; Macronutrient; Pre-exercise; Protein