title: Development of a computer code to calculate the distribution of radionuclides within the human body by the biokinetic models of the ICRP.
abstract: This paper describes the Basic Radionuclide vAlue for Internal Dosimetry (BRAID) code, which was developed to calculate the time-dependent activity distribution in each organ and tissue characterised by the biokinetic compartmental models provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Translocation from one compartment to the next is taken to be governed by first-order kinetics, which is formulated by the first-order differential equations. In the source program of this code, the conservation equations are solved for the mass balance that describes the transfer of a radionuclide between compartments. This code is applicable to the evaluation of the radioactivity of nuclides in an organ or tissue without modification of the source program. It is also possible to handle easily the cases of the revision of the biokinetic model or the application of a uniquely defined model by a user, because this code is designed so that all information on the biokinetic model structure is imported from an input file. The sample calculations are performed with the ICRP model, and the results are compared with the analytic solutions using simple models. It is suggested that this code provides sufficient result for the dose estimation and interpretation of monitoring data.
authors: Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan m_matsu@nirs.go.jp.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tsuneyasu
authors: T
authors: Yamanaka
authors: MHI Nuclear Engineering Company, Limited, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Nobuhiro
authors: N
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Japan Nuclear Safety Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Iwai
authors: Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan Present address: Nuclear Safety Research Association, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012984:Software; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes