title: Atypical causes of cholestasis.
abstract: Cholestatic liver disease consists of a variety of disorders. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most commonly recognized cholestatic liver disease in the adult population, while biliary atresia and Alagille syndrome are commonly recognized in the pediatric population. In infants, the causes are usually congenital or inherited. Even though jaundice is a hallmark of cholestasis, it is not always seen in adult patients with chronic liver disease. Patients can have "silent" progressive cholestatic liver disease for years prior to development of symptoms such as jaundice and pruritus. In this review, we will discuss some of the atypical causes of cholestatic liver disease such as benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, Alagille Syndrome, biliary atresia, total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis and cholestasis secondary to drug induced liver injury.
authors: Ken D Nguyen, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.
authors: Ken D
authors: KD
authors: Nguyen
authors: Ken D Nguyen, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.
authors: Vinay
authors: V
authors: Sundaram
authors: Ken D Nguyen, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.
authors: Walid S
authors: WS
authors: Ayoub
mesh_terms: D016738:Alagille Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000150:complications; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000150:complications; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications
keywords: Alagille syndrome; Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis; Biliary atresia; Cholestasis; Drug induced liver injury; Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis; Total parenteral nutrition