title: The PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE I/D polymorphisms and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombophilia has been postulated to be a contributor to the pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We investigated the role of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphisms in Korean patients with RPL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping was performed using the TaqMan assay in 227 RPL patients and 304 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype distributions of both polymorphisms in the RPL group did not differ from those of controls. Because the frequency of being homozygous for ACE D/D and the PAI-I 4G/4G combination has been reported to be significantly higher in RPL patients, this was also analyzed. However, no significant difference was noted; 3.1% of RPL patients had both ACE D/D and PAI-I 4G/4G, as did 4.9% of controls (P = 0.791).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggests that both polymorphisms, either alone or in combination, are not major determinants of the development of RPL in Korean women.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jin Ju
authors: JJ
authors: Kim
authors: Young Min
authors: YM
authors: Choi
authors: Sung Ki
authors: SK
authors: Lee
authors: Kwang Moon
authors: KM
authors: Yang
authors: Eun Chan
authors: EC
authors: Paik
authors: Hyeon Jeong
authors: HJ
authors: Jeong
authors: Jong Kwan
authors: JK
authors: Jun
authors: Ae Ra
authors: AR
authors: Han
authors: Min A
authors: MA
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme; plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; recurrent pregnancy loss; single-nucleotide polymorphisms