title: Immuno nanoparticles integrated electrical control of targeted cancer cell development using whole cell bioelectronic device.
abstract: Electrical properties of cells determine most of the cellular functions, particularly ones which occur in the cell's membrane. Manipulation of these electrical properties may provide a powerful electrotherapy option for the treatment of cancer as cancerous cells have been shown to be more electronegative than normal proliferating cells. Previously, we used an electrical impedance sensing system (EIS) to explore the responses of cancerous SKOV3 cells and normal HUVEC cells to low intensity (<2 V/cm) AC electric fields, determining that the optimal frequency for SKOV3 proliferation arrest was 200 kHz, without harming the non-cancerous HUVECs. In this study, to determine if these effects are cell type dependant, human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) were subjected to a range of frequencies (50 kHz-2 MHz) similar to the previously tested SKOV3. For the MCF7, an optimal frequency of 100 kHz was determined using the EIS, indicating a higher sensitivity towards the applied field. Further experiments specifically targeting the two types of cancer cells using HER2 antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles (HER2-AuNPs) were performed to determine if enhanced electric field strength can be induced via the application of nanoparticles, consequently leading to the killing of the cancerous cells without affecting non cancerous HUVECs and MCF10a providing a platform for the development of a non-invasive cancer treatment without any harmful side effects. The EIS was used to monitor the real-time consequences on cellular viability and a noticeable decrease in the growth profile of the MCF7 was observed with the application of the HER2-AuNPs and the electric fields indicating specific inhibitory effects on dividing cells in culture. To further understand the effects of the externally applied field to the cells, an Annexin V/EthD-III assay was performed to determine the cell death mechanism indicating apoptosis. The zeta potential of the SKOV3 and the MCF7 before and after incorporation of the HER2-AuNPs was also obtained indicating a decrease in zeta potential with the incorporation of the nanoparticles. The outcome of this research will improve our fundamental understanding of the behavior of cancer cells and define optimal parameters of electrotherapy for clinical and drug delivery applications.
authors: 1. Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors: Evangelia
authors: E
authors: Hondroulis
authors: 1. Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: 2. Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
authors: Chengxiao
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: 3. CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, PR China.
authors: Chunying
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: 4. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University.
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Ino
authors: 4. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University ; 5. WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors: Tomokazu
authors: T
authors: Matsue
authors: 1. Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA ; 2. Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China ; 5. WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors: Chen-Zhong
authors: CZ
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D006046:Gold; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: antibody; biosensor; cancer; electrotherapy; nanoparticles