title: Application of Multiphoton Microscopy in Dermatological Studies: a Mini-Review.
abstract: This review summarizes the historical and more recent developments of multiphoton microscopy, as applied to dermatology. Multiphoton microscopy offers several advantages over competing microscopy techniques: there is an inherent axial sectioning, penetration depths that compete well with confocal microscopy on account of the use of near-infrared light, and many two-photon contrast mechanisms, such as second-harmonic generation, have no analogue in one-photon microscopy. While the penetration depths of photons into tissue are typically limited on the order of hundreds of microns, this is of less concern in dermatology, as the skin is thin and readily accessible. As a result, multiphoton microscopy in dermatology has generated a great deal of interest, much of which is summarized here. The review covers the interaction of light and tissue, as well as the various considerations that must be made when designing an instrument. The state of multiphoton microscopy in imaging skin cancer and various other diseases is also discussed, along with the investigation of aging and regeneration phenomena, and finally, the use of multiphoton microscopy to analyze the transdermal transport of drugs, cosmetics and other agents is summarized. The review concludes with a look at potential future research directions, especially those that are necessary to push these techniques into widespread clinical acceptance.
authors: Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 CREATE Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602.
authors: Elijah
authors: E
authors: Yew
authors: Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Rowlands
authors: Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 CREATE Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602 ; Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA ; GR Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
authors: Peter T C
authors: PT
authors: So
keywords: Multiphoton microscopy; aging and regeneration; cancer; skin