title: Differential Behavior of Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells on Structured Implant Abutment Materials: A Comparison of Materials and Surface Topographies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the proliferation and attachment behavior of fibroblasts and epithelial cells on differently structured abutment materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different surface topographies were prepared on zirconia and titanium alloy specimens and defined as follows: machined (as delivered without further surface modification), smooth (polished), and rough (sandblasted). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, topographical analysis, and water contact angle measurements were used to analyze the surface properties. Fibroblasts (HGF1) and epithelial cells (HNEpC) grown on the specimens were investigated 24 hours and 72 hours after seeding and counted using fluorescence imaging. To investigate adhesion, the abundance and arrangement of the focal adhesion protein vinculin were evaluated by immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar surface topographies were created on both materials. Fibroblasts exhibited significant higher proliferation rates on comparable surface topographies of zirconia compared with the titanium alloy. The proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells was optimal on different substrate/topography combinations. Cell spreading was generally higher on polished and machined surfaces than on sandblasted surfaces. Rough surfaces provided favorable properties in terms of cellular adhesion of fibroblasts but not of epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support complex soft tissue cell-substrate interactions: the fibroblast and epithelial cell response is influenced by both the material and surface topography.
authors: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Sciences, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors: Frank P
authors: FP
authors: Nothdurft
authors: Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors: Dorothee
authors: D
authors: Fontana
authors: Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Ruppenthal
authors: CVD/Biosurfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: May
authors: Division CVD/Biosurfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors: Cenk
authors: C
authors: Aktas
authors: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Yasmin
authors: Y
authors: Mehraein
authors: Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Lipp
authors: Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Kaestner
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: biomaterials; focal adhesion; implant abutment; soft tissue-implant interactions; zirconia