title: Biomarkers of HIV-associated Cancer.
abstract: Cancer biomarkers have provided great opportunities for improving the management of cancer patients by enhancing the efficiency of early detection, diagnosis, and efficacy of treatment. Every cell type has a unique molecular signature, referred to as biomarkers, which are identifiable characteristics such as levels or activities of a myriad of genes, proteins, or other molecular features. Biomarkers can facilitate the molecular definition of cancer, provide information about the course of cancer, and predict response to chemotherapy. They offer the hope of early detection as well as tracking disease progression and recurrence. Current progress in the characterization of molecular genetics of HIV-associated cancers may form the basis for improved patient stratification and future targeted or individualized therapies. Biomarker use for cancer staging and personalization of therapy at the time of diagnosis could improve patient care. This review focuses on the relevance of biomarkers in the most common HIV-associated malignancies, namely, Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancer.
authors: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Brian Thabile
authors: BT
authors: Flepisi
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Bouic
authors: Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Sissolak
authors: Clinical Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Rosenkranz
keywords: HIV; Kaposi sarcoma; biomarkers; cancer; cervical cancer; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma