title: Proteomic analysis of zoxamide-induced changes in Phytophthora cactorum.
abstract: In this study, the global proteomic response of Phytophthora cactorum to zoxamide was evaluated using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic approach. Among the 21 proteins identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS), four cytoskeleton-related proteins were down-regulated upon addition of zoxamide. Five detoxification metabolism enzymes, seven sugar metabolism proteins and one mitochondria-related protein were up-regulated by more than 2-fold in response to zoxamide. Taken together, these results suggest that zoxamide can decrease the expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins of P. cactorum, resulting in cell death; however, the up-regulation of detoxification metabolism-related enzymes may protect P. cactorum against zoxamide, and the up-regulation of proteins related to sugar metabolism and mitochondria may lead to the generation of more energy for detoxification metabolism. These data also suggest that proteomics may be useful not only in exploring the mode of action of fungicides but also for gaining insight into the resistance mechanisms that pathogens employ against fungicides.
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Xinyue
authors: X
authors: Mei
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Xupo
authors: X
authors: Ding
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Bi
authors: College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua Eastern Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Weiping
authors: W
authors: Deng
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Yumei
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: Life Science and Technology Department of Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Xiahong
authors: X
authors: He
authors: Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: shushengzhu79@126.com.
authors: Shusheng
authors: S
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors: Xili
authors: X
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; C451427:zoxamide
keywords: Mode of action; Phytophthora cactorum; Proteomic analysis; Zoxamide