title: Cytokine pathway disruption in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by Munc18-1a overexpression in the brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An accumulating body of evidence points to the significance of neuroinflammation and immunogenetics in schizophrenia, and an imbalance of cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS) has been suggested to be associated with the disorder. Munc18-overexpressing mice (Munc18-OE) have provided a model for the study of the alterations that may underlie the symptoms of subjects with schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the involvement of neuroinflammation and cytokine imbalance in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokines were evaluated in the cortex and the striatum of Munc18-OE and wild-type (WT) mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of specific microglia and macrophage, astrocytic and neuroinflammation markers were quantified by western blot in the cortex and the striatum of Munc18-OE and WT mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each cytokine evaluated (Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CCL2 chemokine) was present at higher levels in the striatum of Munc18-OE mice than WT. Cortical TNF-α and IL-2 levels were significantly lower in Munc18-OE mice than WT mice. The microglia and macrophage marker CD11b was lower in the cortexes of Munc18-OE mice than WT, but no differences were observed in the striatum. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB)p65 levels were not different between the groups. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels were beneath detection limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disrupted levels of cytokines detected in the brain of Munc18-OE mice was found to be similar to clinical reports and endorses study of this type for analysis of this aspect of the disorder. The lower CD11b expression in the cortex but not in the striatum of the Munc18-OE mice may reflect differences in physiological activity. The cytokine expression pattern observed in Munc18-OE mice is similar to a previously published model of schizophrenia caused by maternal immune activation. Together, these data suggest a possible role for an immune imbalance in this disorder.
authors: Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W, 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. itziar.gil@ehu.es.
authors: Itziar
authors: I
authors: Gil-Pisa
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Cebrián
authors: Jorge E
authors: JE
authors: Ortega
authors: J Javier
authors: JJ
authors: Meana
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Sulzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051938:Munc18 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D051938:Munc18 Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B