title: Impact of nutritional recovery with linear growth on the concentrations of adipokines in undernourished children living in Brazilian slums.
abstract: Undernutrition in early life has been reported to be closely associated with the development of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Adequate treatment is important for reversing these effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of undernutrition and anthropometric recovery on the weights and heights of children in relation to the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). A total of 119 children (aged 6-16 years) from the slums of São Paulo were selected according to their nutritional status and divided into three groups as follows: control (healthy without intervention, n 38) with a height-for-age Z score (HAZ) and a BMI-for-age Z score (BAZ) > -1·6; undernourished (HAZ and/or BAZ < -1·6, n 54); recovered from undernutrition (after treatment in a rehabilitation centre; HAZ and BAZ > -1·6, n 27). Blood samples were collected to determine insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin and PAI-1 concentrations. Leptin concentrations in the undernourished group were lower than those in the control and recovered groups (mean 0·92 (95% CI 0·67, 1·25), 2·03 (95% CI 1·46, 2·82) and 1·66 (95% CI 1·15, 2·44) ng/ml, P=0·003), which had similar leptin concentrations. There were no differences in adiponectin and PAI-1 concentrations among the groups. A positive correlation between waist circumference and leptin concentrations was observed in all the girls and boys of the control group (control: r 0·729, P<0·01; undernourished: r 0·490, P<0·05; and recovered: r 0·829, P<0·01; r 0·673, P<0·05). Stronger correlations between leptin and insulin concentrations were observed in the recovered group. The results of the present study indicate that normal leptin concentrations are found when normal height and weight are achieved.
authors: Department of Physiology,Federal University of São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862, 2nd andar, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas,São Paulo,CEP04023-060,Brazil.
authors: Vinicius J B
authors: VJ
authors: Martins
authors: Department of Physiology,Federal University of São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862, 2nd andar, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas,São Paulo,CEP04023-060,Brazil.
authors: Andrea P O
authors: AP
authors: Neves
authors: Department of Physiology,Federal University of São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862, 2nd andar, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas,São Paulo,CEP04023-060,Brazil.
authors: Maria do C P
authors: Mdo C
authors: Franco
authors: Federal University of Alagoas, Faculdade de Nutrição, Campus A. C. Simões, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Cidade Universitária,Maceió - AL,CEP57072-900,Brazil.
authors: Ana P G
authors: AP
authors: Clemente
authors: Department of Physiology,Federal University of São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862, 2nd andar, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas,São Paulo,CEP04023-060,Brazil.
authors: Ana L
authors: AL
authors: Sawaya
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D001827:Body Height; D001846:Bone Development; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D011204:Poverty Areas; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human