title: Dietary patterns and cognitive decline in an Australian study of ageing.
abstract: The aim of this paper was to investigate the association of three well-recognised dietary patterns with cognitive change over a 3-year period. Five hundred and twenty-seven healthy participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study of ageing completed the Cancer Council of Victoria food frequency questionnaire at baseline and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at baseline, 18 and 36 months follow-up. Individual neuropsychological test scores were used to construct composite scores for six cognitive domains and a global cognitive score. Based on self-reported consumption, scores for three dietary patterns, (1) Australian-style Mediterranean diet (AusMeDi), (2) western diet and (3) prudent diet were generated for each individual. Linear mixed model analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between diet scores and cognitive change in each cognitive domain and for the global score. Higher baseline adherence to the AusMeDi was associated with better performance in the executive function cognitive domain after 36 months in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele carriers (P<0.01). Higher baseline western diet adherence was associated with greater cognitive decline after 36 months in the visuospatial cognitive domain in APOE ɛ4 allele non-carriers (P<0.01). All other results were not significant. Our findings in this well-characterised Australian cohort indicate that adherence to a healthy diet is important to reduce risk for cognitive decline, with the converse being true for the western diet. Executive function and visuospatial functioning appear to be particularly susceptible to the influence of diet.
authors: 1] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia [2] Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Gardener
authors: 1] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia [2] Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Rainey-Smith
authors: CSIRO Computational Informatics, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Barnes
authors: 1] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia [2] Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Sohrabi
authors: 1] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia [2] Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia [3] School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Weinborn
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: Y Y
authors: YY
authors: Lim
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Harrington
authors: 1] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia [2] Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Taddei
authors: 1] Taub Institute for Research of Alzheimer's Disease and the Ageing Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [2] Gertrude H. Sergievsky Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Gu
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rembach
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Szoeke
authors: 1] The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia [2] National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia [3] Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St Vincent's Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia.
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Ellis
authors: The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Masters
authors: CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CMSE Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Macaulay
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Rowe
authors: 1] National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia [2] Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St Vincent's Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Ames
authors: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Keogh
authors: 1] Taub Institute for Research of Alzheimer's Disease and the Ageing Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [2] Gertrude H. Sergievsky Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA [3] Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA [4] Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry, and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Scarmeas
authors: 1] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia [2] Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Martins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D001315:Australia; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4