title: Tet-mediated formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in RNA.
abstract: Oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of enzymes has been demonstrated to play a significant role in epigenetic regulation in mammals. We found that Tet enzymes also possess the activity of catalyzing the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytidine (5-hmrC) in RNA in vitro. In addition, the catalytic domains of all three Tet enzymes as well as full-length Tet3 could induce the formation of 5-hmrC in human cells. Moreover, 5-hmrC was present at appreciable levels (∼1 per 5000 5-methylcytidine) in RNA of mammalian cells and tissues. Our results suggest the involvement of this oxidation in RNA biology.
authors: Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors: Lijuan
authors: L
authors: Fu
authors: Candace R
authors: CR
authors: Guerrero
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: Zhong
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Amato
authors: Yunhua
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Shuo
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Cai
authors: Debin
authors: D
authors: Ji
authors: Seung-Gi
authors: SG
authors: Jin
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Niedernhofer
authors: Gerd P
authors: GP
authors: Pfeifer
authors: Guo-Liang
authors: GL
authors: Xu
authors: Yinsheng
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D012313:RNA; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C462539:TET1 protein, human; C578792:TET3 protein, human; D049308:Dioxygenases; C541081:TET2 protein, human