title: De novo CNVs in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.
abstract: An increased rate of de novo copy number variants (CNVs) has been found in schizophrenia (SZ), autism and developmental delay. An increased rate has also been reported in bipolar affective disorder (BD). Here, in a larger BD sample, we aimed to replicate these findings and compare de novo CNVs between SZ and BD. We used Illumina microarrays to genotype 368 BD probands, 76 SZ probands and all their parents. Copy number variants were called by PennCNV and filtered for frequency (<1%) and size (>10 kb). Putative de novo CNVs were validated with the z-score algorithm, manual inspection of log R ratios (LRR) and qPCR probes. We found 15 de novo CNVs in BD (4.1% rate) and 6 in SZ (7.9% rate). Combining results with previous studies and using a cut-off of >100 kb, the rate of de novo CNVs in BD was intermediate between controls and SZ: 1.5% in controls, 2.2% in BD and 4.3% in SZ. Only the differences between SZ and BD and SZ and controls were significant. The median size of de novo CNVs in BD (448 kb) was also intermediate between SZ (613 kb) and controls (338 kb), but only the comparison between SZ and controls was significant. Only one de novo CNV in BD was in a confirmed SZ locus (16p11.2). Sporadic or early onset cases were not more likely to have de novo CNVs. We conclude that de novo CNVs play a smaller role in BD compared with SZ. Patients with a positive family history can also harbour de novo mutations.
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Lyudmila
authors: L
authors: Georgieva
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Elliott
authors: E
authors: Rees
authors: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Moran
authors: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors: Kimberly D
authors: KD
authors: Chambert
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors: Vihra
authors: V
authors: Milanova
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Craddock
authors: Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Shaun
authors: S
authors: Purcell
authors: Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Sklar
authors: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: McCarroll
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Holmans
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: O'Donovan
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Owen
authors: Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, kirov@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Kirov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010375:Pedigree; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology