title: Laparoscopic intraoperative navigation surgery for gastric cancer using real-time rendered 3D CT images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent advances in laparoscopic surgical technology have made it possible to perform advanced high-level surgery, such as lymph node dissection for malignancy. Grasping the anatomy during such procedures is important for a safe operation. We have developed a new image information system that provides three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed CT images synchronized with the motion of the laparoscope. This study assesses this new navigation system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enhanced CT using a custom-made software program can provide 3D angiography images reconstructed as a laparoscopic view. A motion sensor mounted on the laparoscope can detect the direction angle of the laparoscope. The real-time rendered 3D CT images are synchronized with the laparoscopic video images according to the motion of the scope. These 3D CT images are projected on another monitor close to the laparoscopic video monitor. Lymph node dissection can be performed with the help of the real-time navigation system that provides a detailed 3D view of the vasculature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten laparoscopic gastrectomies were performed using this navigation system. Real-time intraoperative navigation of the vasculature was available, allowing for an excellent surgical outcome. No complications occurred in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our intraoperative navigation system allows for safe laparoscopic gastric lymph node dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0876, Japan, stakiguchi@gesurg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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