title: How type I interferons work in multiple sclerosis and other diseases: some unexpected mechanisms.
abstract: Type I interferons (IFNs) are important in innate and adaptive immunity. They are used to treat virus infections, cancer, and multiple sclerosis (MS). There are 5 type I IFN families in humans-IFN-α with 13 subtypes, plus IFN-β, ɛ, κ, and ω. Because their receptor binding affinities vary, these IFNs have different gene induction profiles and quite variable therapeutic effects. IFN-α subtypes may each be specific for certain viruses, but can be neurotoxic. IFN-β induces IFN-α, plus has additional direct effects on target cells. IFN-β was the first therapy approved that could change the course of MS. It has broader specificity than IFN-α, enhances cognition in MS, and may be neuroprotective and can potentially enhance fertility in women. Priming the IFN signaling system with an injection of IFN-β can enhance subnormal type I IFN signals in MS. Many other commonly used drugs and vitamins may potentiate clinical benefits of IFN-β.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Reder
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I
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