title: Proteomic analysis of human vitreous humor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vitreous humor is a transparent, gelatinous mass whose main constituent is water. It plays an important role in providing metabolic nutrient requirements of the lens, coordinating eye growth and providing support to the retina. It is in close proximity to the retina and reflects many of the changes occurring in this tissue. The biochemical changes occurring in the vitreous could provide a better understanding about the pathophysiological processes that occur in vitreoretinopathy. In this study, we investigated the proteome of normal human vitreous humor using high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vitreous humor was subjected to multiple fractionation techniques followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. We identified 1,205 proteins, 682 of which have not been described previously in the vitreous humor. Most proteins were localized to the extracellular space (24%), cytoplasm (20%) or plasma membrane (14%). Classification based on molecular function showed that 27% had catalytic activity, 10% structural activity, 10% binding activity, 4% cell and 4% transporter activity. Categorization for biological processes showed 28% participate in metabolism, 20% in cell communication and 13% in cell growth. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000957.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large catalog of vitreous proteins should facilitate biomedical research into pathological conditions of the eye including diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment and cataract.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.|Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India.|Vittala International Institute Of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560085, India.
authors.forename: Krishna R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.|Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577 451, India.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
authors.forename: Yashwanth
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Subbannayya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
authors.forename: Harrys Kc
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Vittala International Institute Of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560085, India.
authors.forename: Praveen R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.|Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
authors.forename: Srikanth Srinivas
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
authors.forename: Arun H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560 006, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
authors.forename: Nandini A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sahasrabuddhe
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411 040, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India.
authors.forename: Bipin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka 577 451, India.
authors.forename: Venkatarangaiah
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.|Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690 525, India.|Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India.
authors.forename: Ts Keshava
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560 066, India.
authors.forename: Harsha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA.|Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205 MD, USA.
authors.forename: Akhilesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
keywords: Body fluid proteomics; OFFGEL electrophoresis; Protein biomarkers; Proteome discoverer; Retina; SCX chromatography; Secreted proteins
references.citation: Genomics. 2003 May;81(5):489-503
references.pmid: 12706107
references.citation: Nat Genet. 1995 Jul;10(3):360-2
references.pmid: 7670478
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2008 Jun;7(6):2516-25
references.pmid: 18433156
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1989 May 15;264(14):8200-6
references.pmid: 2542268
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003 Nov;2(11):1177-87
references.pmid: 12975481
references.citation: Proteomics. 2011 Dec;11(23):4443-53
references.pmid: 22114102
references.citation: Arch Ophthalmol. 1972 May;87(5):555-67
references.pmid: 5028097
references.citation: Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1965;63:129-45
references.pmid: 5859783
references.citation: Mol Biosyst. 2012 Feb;8(2):453-63
references.pmid: 22159132
references.citation: Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):385-9
references.pmid: 15761122
references.citation: Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Jan;18(1):15-6
references.pmid: 19603066
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Dec;10(12):M111.011627
references.pmid: 21969609
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2014 Mar;32(3):223-6
references.pmid: 24727771
references.citation: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;126(8):1076-81
references.pmid: 18695102
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2010 Apr;176(4):1756-66
references.pmid: 20150439
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2008;3(3):505-16
references.pmid: 18323819
references.citation: Exp Eye Res. 1967 Jul;6(3):227-32
references.pmid: 6029413
references.citation: Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2013 Jun;30(3):146-51
references.pmid: 24278066
references.citation: Mol Immunol. 2004 Jun;41(4):355-67
references.pmid: 15163532
references.citation: HPB Surg. 2013;2013:367581
references.pmid: 24204087
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2011 Oct 23;43(12):1232-6
references.pmid: 22019782
references.citation: Curr Eye Res. 1984 Aug;3(8):1033-41
references.pmid: 6091999
references.citation: Oncogene. 2008 Nov 20;27(51):6581-9
references.pmid: 18985860
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 15;110(3):942-7
references.pmid: 23277586
references.citation: Eye (Lond). 1992;6 ( Pt 6):553-5
references.pmid: 1289129
references.citation: Indian J Ophthalmol. 1999 Mar;47(1):31-4
references.pmid: 16130282
references.citation: Horm Metab Res. 2010 Oct;42(11):787-91
references.pmid: 20730703
references.citation: Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51(12):3499-504
references.pmid: 12453906
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 May;88(5):697-702
references.pmid: 15090426
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Apr;50(4):1864-72
references.pmid: 19074801
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Jun 13;113(6):685-700
references.pmid: 12809600
references.citation: Differentiation. 2011 Mar;81(3):181-91
references.pmid: 21236558
references.citation: Exp Eye Res. 1982 Mar;34(3):371-9
references.pmid: 7067745
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D767-72
references.pmid: 18988627
references.citation: Curr Eye Res. 2011 Mar;36(3):256-63
references.pmid: 21275514
references.citation: Am J Ophthalmol. 2004 Apr;137(4):655-61
references.pmid: 15059704
references.citation: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004 Sep;23(5):561-77
references.pmid: 15302351
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Aug 25;776(1):89-100
references.pmid: 12127329
references.citation: Endocr J. 1998 Apr;45 Suppl:S1-8
references.pmid: 9790222
references.citation: Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Oct;129(10):1375-6
references.pmid: 21987685
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2008 Oct;7(10):4289-98
references.pmid: 18715028
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 22;277(47):45400-7
references.pmid: 12237317
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Mar;48(3):1191-200
references.pmid: 17325163
references.citation: Mol Biosyst. 2010 Oct;6(10):1873-82
references.pmid: 20544124
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Jul;41(8):2059-66
references.pmid: 10892843
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2007 Jun;50(6):1294-303
references.pmid: 17380318
references.citation: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991;229(2):186-90
references.pmid: 2044983
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(8):1896-906
references.pmid: 17703201
references.citation: Exp Eye Res. 2005 Aug;81(2):176-82
references.pmid: 16080911
references.citation: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1997 Mar;8(1):45-62
references.pmid: 9174662
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Aug 24;286(3):484-92
references.pmid: 11511084
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):2123-9
references.pmid: 10636917
references.citation: Hum Mol Genet. 2002 May 15;11(11):1333-42
references.pmid: 12019215
references.citation: Proteomics. 2007 Nov;7(22):4203-15
references.pmid: 17955474
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Dec 04;4(12):e8158
references.pmid: 19997642
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996 Dec;37(13):2759-67
references.pmid: 8977492
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 1991 Jul;5(7):938-48
references.pmid: 1719383
references.citation: Biochem J. 1994 Apr 15;299 ( Pt 2):497-505
references.pmid: 8172611
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2011 Feb;178(2):688-98
references.pmid: 21281801
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jan 1;34(Database issue):D411-4
references.pmid: 16381900
references.citation: Mol Neurobiol. 1993 Spring;7(1):61-85
references.pmid: 8318167
references.citation: Mol Vis. 2008 Aug 07;14:1456-64
references.pmid: 18685727
references.citation: Mol Vis. 2012;18:528-36
references.pmid: 22419846
references.citation: J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2000;38(4):377-81
references.pmid: 10930053
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1998 May 5;37(18):6572-85
references.pmid: 9572875
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Feb;26(2):164-7
references.pmid: 18259167
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1991 Jun;128(6):2815-24
references.pmid: 1709857
references.citation: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1985;190:141-9
references.pmid: 4048219
references.citation: Proteome Sci. 2013 May 20;11(1):22
references.pmid: 23688336
references.citation: Clin Proteomics. 2013 Aug 01;10(1):9
references.pmid: 23914977
references.citation: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998 May 25;140(1-2):19-24
references.pmid: 9722163
references.citation: Mamm Genome. 1999 Apr;10(4):376-80
references.pmid: 10087296
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 4;286(5):3540-51
references.pmid: 21059648
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1986 Feb 5;261(4):1730-6
references.pmid: 3944106