title: Hindfoot endoscopy for the treatment of posterior ankle impingement syndrome: a safe and reproducible technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posterior ankle impingement is a clinical syndrome characterized by posterior ankle pain that is mainly presented on plantar flexion. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the results of posterior ankle impingement treated by endoscopic hindfoot posterior portals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2004 and 2009, a total of 38 endoscopic hindfoot procedures were performed to treat posterior ankle impingement. The indication for procedure was posterior ankle impingement syndrome in all cases. There were 38 patients, 17 females and 21 males. Mean age was 27.6 years (16-59 years). Mean follow-up was 27.6 months (12.5-52 months). The results were evaluated following the AOFAS score. Data statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main preoperative AOFAS score increased from 67.42 (range 41-91) to 97.13 (range 84-100) at follow-up. No complications were reported in any case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hindfoot endoscopy is a reproducible and safe procedure which offers excellent outcomes in posterior ankle impingement syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vilayrico@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilá
authors.affiliation: Unit of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Etzelclinic, Pfäffikon, Schwyz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mellado
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Asepeyo Sant Cugat, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramazzini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (Human Anatomy Unit), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golanó
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle arthroscopy; Hindfoot endoscopy; Os trigonum; Posterior ankle impingement; Stieda's process