title: Special medical conditions associated with catatonia in the internal medicine setting: hyponatremia-inducing psychosis and subsequent catatonia.
abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of catatonia in the psychiatry consultation service is not infrequent. Usually, the patient either presents to the Emergency Department or develops catatonia on the medical floor. This condition manifests with significant behavioral changes (from mildly decreased speech output to complete mutism) that interfere with the ability to communicate. After structural brain disorders are excluded, one of the diagnoses that always should be considered is catatonia. However, the causes of catatonia are numerous, ranging from psychiatric causes to a plethora of medical illnesses. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are many proposed underlying mechanisms of catatonia and that controversy persists about the etiology of specific cases.There are only 6 reports of hyponatremia-induced catatonia and psychosis in the literature. Here, we present the case of a 30-year-old woman with catatonia and psychosis induced by hyponatremia, and we use this report to exemplify the multitude of biologic causes of catatonia and to propose a new way to look at the neuroanatomical basis of processing, particularly the vertical processing systems we believe are involved in catatonia.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, Irvine in Orange. anovac@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Andrei A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Novac
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of California, Irvine in Orange. dbota@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bota
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrist at the Riverside Medical Center in CA. joanne.t.witkowski@kp.org.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: Neurologist at the Riverside Medical Center in CA. jorge.x.lipiz@kp.org.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipiz
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrist at the Corona Medical Center in CA. rgbota@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002389:Catatonia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications*; D007388:Internal Medicine; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
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