title: Retrospective review of predisposing factors for intraoperative pressure ulcer development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the comorbidities and surgical factors involved in the genesis of intraoperative pressure ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesiology department of a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 222 patients with varying illness, who underwent an operation of at least two hours' duration, were analyzed retrospectively. Data on surgery type, case length, comorbidities, intraoperative surgical position, and area of ulceration were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for intraoperative pressure ulcer development include surgical times of 4 hours or longer; comorbidities affecting tissue perfusion (namely, diabetes, hypertension, and nonspecific cardiac issues); supine placement during surgery; and abdominal, noncardiac thoracic, and orthopedic operations. Regions of the body most at risk for ulceration include the coccygeal/sacral region, the buttocks, genitalia, and heels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure ulcers are a costly, debilitating, and avoidable complication of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State Univeristy (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA. Electronic address: Joshua.Lumbley@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lumbley
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State Univeristy (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA; Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State Univeristy (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA; Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Loic S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tchokouani
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anesthesia; Intraoperative; Pressure ulcers