title: Individual versus significant-other-enhanced brief motivational intervention for alcohol in emergency care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of brief motivational interventions (BMIs) for heavy drinkers identified by alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits are mixed. The successes of including significant others (SOs) in behavioral treatment suggest that involving SOs in ED-delivered BMI might prove beneficial. This study investigated the relative efficacy of an SO-enhanced motivational intervention (SOMI) compared with an individual motivational intervention (IMI) to address heavy drinking in emergency care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  ED (n = 317) or trauma unit (n = 89) patients were randomly assigned to receive either an IMI or an SOMI and were reassessed at 6 and 12 months for alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, and perceived alcohol-specific SO support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generalized estimating equation analyses showed consistent reductions over time for both alcohol consumption and consequences. At 1-year follow-up, the average reduction in total drinks consumed per week was greater for patients in the SOMI condition than the IMI condition. In SOMI, 9.4% more patients moved to within the national guidelines for weekly drinking than did IMI patients. Frequency of heavy drinking and negative alcohol consequences showed no differential effects of intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergence of a modest treatment effect at 12 months suggests that SO involvement in the SOMI condition may have led to more sustained positive influence on patient drinking than in the IMI condition. Implications and limitations regarding SO involvement in brief treatment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Colby
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Nadine R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mastroleo
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Nancy P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Chad J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gwaltney
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Apodaca
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Damaris J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rohsenow
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magill
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies.
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gogineni
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Cioffi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors
references.citation: Addiction. 1993 Jun;88(6):791-804
references.pmid: 8329970
references.citation: World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1980;650:1-72
references.pmid: 6777993
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Dec;67(6):989-94
references.pmid: 10596521
references.citation: Addiction. 2007 Aug;102(8):1234-43
references.pmid: 17565560
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Apr;77(2):243-56
references.pmid: 19309184
references.citation: Behav Cogn Psychother. 2012 May;40(3):297-312
references.pmid: 22047637
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Jun 11;74(3):223-34
references.pmid: 15194200
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012 May;73(3):489-97
references.pmid: 22456254
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1999 Sep-Oct;24(5):593-606
references.pmid: 10574299
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Jan;63(1):114-21
references.pmid: 11925053
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009 May;70(3):426-35
references.pmid: 19371494
references.citation: JAMA. 2010 Aug 4;304(5):527-35
references.pmid: 20682932
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010 Dec;39(4):391-8
references.pmid: 20817382
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Jan 12;86(2-3):214-21
references.pmid: 16919401
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2001 Nov;62(6):806-16
references.pmid: 11838918
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1986;11(1):25-30
references.pmid: 3716913
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013 Feb;81(1):35-46
references.pmid: 23231575
references.citation: Addiction. 1999 Nov;94(11):1735-43
references.pmid: 10892011
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009 May;28(3):301-23
references.pmid: 19489992
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003 Aug;71(4):754-63
references.pmid: 12924680
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 1994 Dec;36(3):167-73
references.pmid: 7889807
references.citation: Addiction. 1995 Oct;90(10):1349-56
references.pmid: 8616463
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Dec;34(12):2004-10
references.pmid: 20860610
references.citation: Health Psychol. 1991;10(5):360-5
references.pmid: 1935872
references.citation: Ann Surg. 1999 Oct;230(4):473-80; discussion 480-3
references.pmid: 10522717
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003 Jun;71(3):432-42
references.pmid: 12795568
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Jul;28(6):952-62
references.pmid: 18374464
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010 Nov;71(6):930-7
references.pmid: 20946752
references.citation: Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Jun;51(6):742-750.e2
references.pmid: 18436340
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008 Sep;35(2):184-201
references.pmid: 18083321
references.citation: Addiction. 1993 Sep;88(9):1267-79
references.pmid: 8241926
references.citation: Br J Addict. 1989 Sep;84(9):1085-92
references.pmid: 2790272
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998 Apr;66(2):290-303
references.pmid: 9583332
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1990 May;51(3):263-70
references.pmid: 2342366
references.citation: Addiction. 2007 Aug;102(8):1224-33
references.pmid: 17565563
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1986 Mar;47(2):156-60
references.pmid: 3713178
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1991;16(5):235-46
references.pmid: 1663695
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992 Jun;16(3):576-84
references.pmid: 1626659
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Jul;67(4):568-78
references.pmid: 16736077
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1995 Apr;63(2):296-307
references.pmid: 7751491
references.citation: J Marital Fam Ther. 2001 Jul;27(3):315-26
references.pmid: 11436424
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 1992;9(3):199-213
references.pmid: 1334156
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 1998 Sep;18(6):689-711
references.pmid: 9779329
references.citation: Health Policy. 1990 Dec;16(3):199-208
references.pmid: 10109801
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012 May;73(3):454-8
references.pmid: 22456250
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992 Feb;180(2):101-10
references.pmid: 1737971