title: Smoking cessation among African American and white smokers in the Veterans Affairs health care system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether a proactive care smoking cessation intervention designed to overcome barriers to treatment would be especially effective at increasing cessation among African Americans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial, the Veterans Victory over Tobacco study, involving a population-based electronic registry of current smokers (702 African Americans, 1569 whites) and assessed 6-month prolonged smoking abstinence at 1 year via a follow-up survey of all current smokers. We also examined candidate risk adjustors for the race effect on smoking abstinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interaction between patient race and intervention condition (proactive care vs. usual care) was not significant. Overall, African Americans had higher quit rates than Whites (13% vs. 9%; P < .006) regardless of condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African Americans quit at higher rates than Whites. These findings may be a result of the large number of veterans receiving smoking cessation services and the lack of racial differences in receipt of these services as well as racial differences in smoking history, self-efficacy, and motivation to quit that favor African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Diana J. Burgess, Siamak Noorbaloochi, Barbara Clothier, Brent C. Taylor, and Steven S. Fu are with the Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, a VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN. Michelle van Ryn is with Health Services Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN. Scott Sherman is with VA New York, Harbor Healthcare System and the Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY. Anne M. Joseph is with the Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ryn
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noorbaloochi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clothier
authors.forename: Brent C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058014:Veterans Health; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
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