title: Antimicrobial packaging of chicken fillets based on the release of carvacrol from chitosan/cyclodextrin films.
abstract: Chitosan/cyclodextrin films (CS:CD) incorporating carvacrol were obtained by casting, and conditioned at 23°C and 75% relative humidity prior to being immersed in liquid carvacrol until they reached sorption equilibrium. In a previous work, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these films was studied. In this work, active films were used to inhibit microbial growth in packaged chicken breast fillets. Samples of CS:CD films loaded with carvacrol, of different sizes and thus with different quantities of antimicrobial agent, were stuck to the aluminium lid used to seal PP/EVOH/PP cups containing 25g of chicken fillets. These samples were stored for 9days at 4°C. The packages were hermetically sealed and it was confirmed that they provided an infinite barrier to carvacrol. The partition of the antimicrobial agent within the food/packaging system was analysed. The antimicrobial devices rapidly released a large percentage of the agent load, amounts that were gained by the adhesive coating of the lid and especially by the chicken fillets. The latter were the main sorbent phase, with average concentrations ranging between 200 and 5000mg/Kg during the period of storage. The microbiota of the packaged fresh chicken fillets - mesophiles, psychrophiles, Pseudomonas spp., enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and fungi - were analysed and monitored during storage. A general microbial inhibition was observed, increasing with the size of the active device. Inhibition with a 24cm(2) device ranged from 0.3 log reductions against lactic acid bacteria to 1.8logs against yeasts and fungi. However, the large amount of antimicrobial that was sorbed or that reacted with the fillet caused an unacceptable sensory deterioration. These high sorption values are probably due to a great chemical compatibility between chicken proteins and carvacrol.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Higueras
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gracia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López-Carballo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catalá
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: rgavara@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gavara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081007:Cymenes; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000592:standards*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D048271:Chitosan; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Antimicrobial active packaging; Carvacrol; Chicken; Chitosan films; Controlled release; Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins