title: Social integration, psychological distress, and smoking behaviors in a midwest LGBT community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations have smoking rates twice that of their heterosexual counterparts. To design effective outreach, prevention, and treatments for these individuals, a comprehensive understanding of associated factors is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To increase understanding of how social integration and psychological distress are related to smoking behaviors among LGBT populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, descriptive study of 135 LGBT adults using an online data collection strategy. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine factors associated with current smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social integration was not significantly related to smoking behaviors in this LGBT population, although psychological distress was higher among smokers than nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although social support has been reported to have an impact on health behaviors in the general population, the present findings suggest that the benefits of social support may not apply to the smoking activities of LGBT individuals.
authors.affiliation: Angela Sivadon, PhD, RN, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA angela.sivadon@tulsacc.edu.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivadon
authors.affiliation: Alicia K. Matthews, PhD, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Kevin M. David, PhD, Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D019529:Sexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: LGBT; psychological distress; smoking; social integration; social support