title: Symptom Profile of ADHD in Youth With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Study in Psychiatrically Referred Populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical presentation of ADHD between youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD and a sample of youth with ADHD only.
  
  
  METHODS
  A psychiatrically referred sample of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) youth with ADHD attending a specialized ambulatory program for ASD ( n = 107) and a sample of youth with ADHD attending a general child psychiatry ambulatory clinic ( n = 74) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six percent of youth with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria for ADHD. The clinical presentation of ADHD in youth with ASD was predominantly similar to its typical presentation including age at onset (3.5 ± 1.7 vs. 4.0 ± 1.9; p = .12), distribution of diagnostic subtypes, the qualitative and quantitative symptom profile, and symptom severity. Combined subtype was the most frequent presentation of ADHD in ASD youth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the robust presentation of ADHD, a significant majority of ASD youth with ADHD failed to receive appropriate ADHD treatment (41% vs. 24%; p = .02). A high rate of comorbidity with ADHD was observed in psychiatrically referred youth with ASD, with a clinical presentation typical of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: 3 State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarko
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galdo
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephannie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Furtak
authors.affiliation: 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: ADHD; autism spectrum disorder; youth
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