title: Developmental Trajectories for Visuo-Spatial Attention are Altered by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Longitudinal FMRI Study.
abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals brain activation abnormalities during visuo-spatial attention and working memory among those with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in cross-sectional reports, but little is known about how activation changes over time during development within FASD or typically developing children. We studied 30 controls and 31 individuals with FASD over 2 years (7-14 years at first participation) with a total of 122 scans, as part of the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Despite comparable performance, there were significant group differences in visuo-spatial activation over time bilaterally in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions. Controls showed an increase in signal intensity in these multiple regions whereas FASD participants showed a decrease in brain activation. Effects were also found in 2 small independent samples from the USA, corroborating the findings from the larger group. Results suggest that the long-lasting effect of prenatal alcohol may impact the maturation of visuo-spatial attention and differentiate those with FASD from controls. Based on this first longitudinal fMRI study in FASD children, our novel findings suggest a possible neural mechanism for attention deficits common among individuals with FASD.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at USC/Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at USC/Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Narr
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Adnams
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at USC/Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at USC/Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sowell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: development; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; working memory
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