title: Laboratory and field efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi for the management of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae).
abstract: The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is one of the most important pests of sweet potatoes in the world. With free trade between the United States and the U.S.-controlled Mariana Islands, C. formicarius has spread along with this commodity. Because of the cryptic nature of the larvae and nocturnal activity of the adults, and the cancellation of long-residual pesticides, this pest has become increasingly difficult to control. Therefore, the present study sought to explore and to compare the effectiveness of Metarhizium brunneum F52 (90ml a.i./ha), Beauveria bassiana GHA (40ml a.i./ha), spinosad (90g a.i./ha), azadirachtin (1484ml a.i./ha), B. bassiana+M. brunneum (20ml a.i./ha+45ml a.i./ha), B. bassiana+azadirachtin (20ml a.i./ha+742ml a.i./ha), B. bassiana+spinosad (20ml a.i./ha+45ml a.i./ha), M. brunneum+azadirachtin (45ml a.i./ha+742ml a.i./ha) and M. brunneum+spinosad (45ml a.i./ha+45 grams a.i./ha) in controlling this pest in both the laboratory and the field. The treatment with B. bassiana+M. brunneum was the most effective in reducing tuber damage by C. formicarius, producing the highest yields. The most adult cadavers were found in plots treated with the combination of two fungi. This combined fungal formulation appears to be appropriate for the practical control of C. formicarius on sweet potatoes.
authors.affiliation: Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., Conrad, MT 59425, USA. Electronic address: reddy@montana.edu.
authors.forename: Gadi V P
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan, West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors.forename: Zihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Biological Integrated Pest Management Research, USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-2901, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Humber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000382:microbiology; D027723:Ipomoea batatas / Q000382:microbiology; D052981:Metarhizium; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D048889:Weevils / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Additive effect; Beauveria bassiana; Cylas formicarius; Metarhizium brunneum; Neem; Spinosyn