title: Sleep and wake disturbances following traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern in industrialised countries. Sleep and wake disturbances are among the most persistent and disabling sequelae after TBI. Yet, despite the widespread complaints of post-TBI sleep and wake disturbances, studies on their etiology, pathophysiology, and treatments remain inconclusive. This narrative review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the nature of sleep and wake disturbances following TBI, both subjective and objective, spanning all levels of severity and phases post-injury. A second goal is to outline the various causes of post-TBI sleep-wake disturbances. Globally, although sleep-wake complaints are reported in all studies and across all levels of severity, consensus regarding the objective nature of these disturbances is not unanimous and varies widely across studies. In order to optimise recovery in TBI survivors, further studies are required to shed light on the complexity and heterogeneity of post-TBI sleep and wake disturbances, and to fully grasp the best timing and approach for intervention.
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duclos
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiseman-Hakes
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arbour
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mongrain
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: P-O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Gaudreault
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desautels
authors.affiliation: Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada; Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: nadia.gosselin@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gosselin
mesh_terms: D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D021081:Chronobiology Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008889:Military Personnel; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy; D014857:Warfare; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: Circadian rhythms; Hypersomnia; Hypersomnie; Insomnia; Insomnie; Rythmes circadiens; Sleep; Sleep-wake disturbances; Sommeil; Traumatic brain injury; Traumatisme craniocérébral; Troubles du sommeil et de l’éveil