title: Bacterial spore detection and analysis using hyperpolarized129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) NMR.
abstract: Previously, we reported hyperpolarized129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) NMR techniques for the ultrasensitive (i.e., 1 picomolar) detection of xenon host molecules known as cryptophane. Here, we demonstrate a more general role for Hyper-CEST NMR as a spectroscopic method for probing nanoporous structures, without the requirement for cryptophane or engineered xenon-binding sites. Hyper-CEST129Xe NMR spectroscopy was employed to detectBacillus anthracisandBacillus subtilisspores in solution, and interrogate the layers that comprise their structures.129Xe-spore samples were selectively irradiated with radiofrequency pulses; the depolarized129Xe returned to aqueous solution and depleted the129Xe-water signal, providing measurable contrast. Removal of the outermost spore layers inB. anthracisandB. subtilis(the exosporium and coat, respectively) enhanced129Xe exchange with the spore interior. Notably, the spores were invisible to hyperpolarized129Xe NMR direct detection methods, highlighting the lack of high-affinity xenon-binding sites, and the potential for extending Hyper-CEST NMR structural analysis to other biological and synthetic nanoporous structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goulian
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Driks
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Dmochowski
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