title: Developments in Ocular Genetics: 2013 Annual Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight major advancements in ocular genetics from the year 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted on PubMed to identify articles pertaining to genetic influences on human eye diseases. This review focuses on manuscripts published in print or online in the English language between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013. A total of 120 papers from 2013 were included in this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic basis of a broad group of ocular disorders, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, and refractive error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The latest next-generation sequencing technologies have become extremely effective tools for identifying gene mutations associated with ocular disease. These technological advancements have also paved the way for utilization of genetic information in clinical practice, including disease diagnosis, prediction of treatment response and molecular interventions guided by gene-based knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Inas F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Aboobakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: R Rand
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Allingham
keywords: Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy; Genome-wide association study (GWAS); age-related macular degeneration; cataract; diabetic retinopathy; epigenetics; glaucoma; keratoconus; meta-analysis; refractive error; uveal melanoma; whole-exome sequencing
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