title: Effect of duplicate genes on mouse genetic robustness: an update.
abstract: In contrast to S. cerevisiae and C. elegans, analyses based on the current knockout (KO) mouse phenotypes led to the conclusion that duplicate genes had almost no role in mouse genetic robustness. It has been suggested that the bias of mouse KO database toward ancient duplicates may possibly cause this knockout duplicate puzzle, that is, a very similar proportion of essential genes (PE) between duplicate genes and singletons. In this paper, we conducted an extensive and careful analysis for the mouse KO phenotype data and corroborated a strong effect of duplicate genes on mouse genetics robustness. Moreover, the effect of duplicate genes on mouse genetic robustness is duplication-age dependent, which holds after ruling out the potential confounding effect from coding-sequence conservation, protein-protein connectivity, functional bias, or the bias of duplicates generated by whole genome duplication (WGD). Our findings suggest that two factors, the sampling bias toward ancient duplicates and very ancient duplicates with a proportion of essential genes higher than that of singletons, have caused the mouse knockout duplicate puzzle; meanwhile, the effect of genetic buffering may be correlated with sequence conservation as well as protein-protein interactivity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhixi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Junqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China ; Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6492-8348
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D050437:Genes, Developmental; D020131:Genes, Duplicate; D020043:Genes, Essential; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins
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