title: Ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids in high-protein feedstuffs commonly used in dairy diets.
abstract: A study was conducted to determine the rumen degradation and intestinal digestibility of crude protein (CP) and AA, and AA composition of the rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) from 3 sources of blood meal (BM1, BM2, and BM3), canola meal (CM), low-fat distillers dried grains with solubles (LFDG), soybean meal (SBM), and expeller soybean meal (ESBM). Two Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and proximal duodenal cannulas were used for in situ incubation of 16h and for the mobile bag technique. To correct for bacterial contamination of the RUP, 2 methods were used: purines and DNA as bacterial markers. Ruminal degradations of CP were 85.3, 29.8, 40.7, 75.7, 76.9, 68.8, and 37.0 ± 3.93% for BM1, BM2, BM3, CM, LFDG, SBM, and ESBM, respectively. Ruminal degradation of both total essential AA and nonessential AA followed a similar pattern to that of CP across feedstuffs. Based on the ratio of AA concentration in the RUP to AA concentration in the original feedstuff, ruminal incubation decreased (ratio <1) the concentrations of His, Lys, and Trp, and increased (ratio >1) the concentrations of Ile and Met across feedstuffs. Compared with purines, the use of DNA as bacterial marker resulted in a higher estimate of bacterial CP contamination for CM and lower estimates for LFDG and ESBM. Intestinal digestibility of RUP could not be estimated for BM1, BM3, and SBM due to insufficient recovery of residue. For the remaining feedstuffs, intestinal digestibility of RUP was highest for ESBM, followed by BM2 and LFDG, and lowest for CM: 98.8, 87.9, 89.7, and 72.4 ± 1.40%, respectively. Intestinal absorbable dietary protein was higher for BM2 compared with CM and LFDG, at 61.7, 17.9, and 20.7 ± 2.73% CP, respectively. As prices fluctuate, intestinal absorbable protein or AA may be used as a tool to aid in the selection among feedstuffs with different protein quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Klopfenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hostetler
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5A8.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castillo-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583. Electronic address: pkononoff2@unl.edu.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kononoff
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: amino acid; bacterial crude protein contamination; intestinal digestibility; rumen degradation