title: Brushing-induced surface roughness of two nickel based alloys and a titanium based alloy: a comparative study - in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alloys with high nickel content have been increasingly used in dentistry. Alloys have high corrosion rates when exposed to chemical or physical forces that are common intra orally. Titanium is the most biocompatible materials for crowns, fixed partial dentures and implants in the present use, but paradoxically the self-protective oxide film on the titanium can be affected by excessive use of the most common preventive agents in dentistry. Therefore, this study is undertaken in order to draw attention toward the potential effect of prophylactic brushing in a saline medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five wax patterns in equal dimensions of 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm were cast in titanium (Grade II) and nickel-chromium. Of the 45 wax patterns, 15 wax patterns were used for preparing cast titanium samples and 30 wax patterns were used for preparing cast nickel-chromium samples and polished. These samples were divided into three groups of 15 samples each. They are brushed for 48 h each clinically simulating 2 years of brushing in a saline tooth paste medium. The surface roughnesses of the samples were evaluated using profilometer, scanning electron microscopes and energy dispersive spectroscopy. RESULTS were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical analysis of the Rz and Ra surface roughness values were calculated. Significant difference of surface roughness was present in the titanium samples compared to that of the machine-readable cataloguing and Wirolloy (nickel-chromium) samples after the study. To know the difference in the values of all samples before and after, Student's paired t-test was carried out. RESULTS showed that there is a significant change in the Rz and Ra values of titanium samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that, prophylactic brushing with the fluoridated toothpaste have an effect on the surface roughness of titanium and also to a certain extent, on nickel-chromium. Therefore, careful consideration must be given to the selection of the toothbrushes and toothpastes with the medium abrasives in patients with these restorations. How to cite the article: Acharya BL, Nadiger R, Shetty B, Gururaj G, Kumar KN, Darshan DD. Brushing induced surface roughness of two nickel based alloys and a titanium based alloy: A comparative study - In vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):36-49.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Malabar Dental College and Hospital, Mallappuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: B L Guruprasanna
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Dental Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institutes of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Bharathraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gururaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K Naveen
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Darshan
keywords: MAARC; titanium; wirolloy
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