title: Fluorescent nanonetworks: a novel bioalley for collagen scaffolds and tissue engineering.
abstract: Native collagen is arranged in bundles of aligned fibrils to withstand in vivo mechanical loads. Reproducing such a process under in vitro conditions has not met with major success. Our approach has been to induce nanolinks, during the self-assembly process, leading to delayed rather than inhibited fibrillogenesis. For this, a designed synthesis of nanoparticles - using starch as a template and a reflux process, which would provide a highly anisotropic (star shaped) nanoparticle, with large surface area was adopted. Anisotropy associated decrease in Morin temperature and superparamagnetic behavior was observed. Polysaccharide on the nanoparticle surface provided aqueous stability and low cytotoxicity. Starch coated nanoparticles was utilized to build polysaccharide - collagen crosslinks, which supplemented natural crosslinks in collagen, without disturbing the conformation of collagen. The resulting fibrillar lamellae showed a striking resemblance to native lamellae, but had a melting and denaturation temperature higher than native collagen. The biocompatibility and superparamagnetism of the nanoparticles also come handy in the development of stable collagen constructs for various biomedical applications, including that of MRI contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai 600 020 India.
authors.forename: Marimuthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nidhin
authors.affiliation: Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai 600 020 India.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vedhanayagam
authors.affiliation: Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai 600 020 India.
authors.forename: Selvam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangeetha
authors.affiliation: Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai 600 020 India.
authors.forename: Manikantan Syamala
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, BMT Wing, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695012, INDIA.
authors.forename: Shaiju S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nazeer
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, BMT Wing, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695012, INDIA.
authors.forename: Ramapurath S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jayasree
authors.affiliation: Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai 600 020 India.
authors.forename: Kalarical Janardhanan
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sreeram
authors.affiliation: Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Adyar, Chennai 600 020 India.
authors.forename: Balachandran Unni
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003287:Contrast Media; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005453:Fluorescence; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D051381:Rats; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D013623:Tail / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D013213:Starch; D003094:Collagen
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