title: Annual Change in Pulmonary Function and Clinical Characteristics of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Over a 3-Year Follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) have different pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and outcomes than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The intention of this study was to identify unknown differences between CPFE and IPF by a retrospective comparison of clinical data including baseline and annual changes in pulmonary function, comorbidities, laboratory findings, clinical characteristics and cause of hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study retrospectively enrolled patients with CPFE and IPF who had undergone PFTs once or several times per year during a follow-up period of three years. Baseline clinical characteristics and the annual changes in the pulmonary function during the follow-up period were compared between 26 with CPFE and 42 patients with IPF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) in patients with CPFE was lower than that in patients with IPF (78.6±1.7 vs. 82.9±1.1, p=0.041). The annual decrease in FEV1/FVC in the CPFE was significantly higher than in the IPF. The annual decreases in diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide and FVC showed no significant differences between the two groups. The symptom durations of cough and sputum were in the CPFE significantly lower than in the IPF. The serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate level at the acute stage was significantly higher than in the IPF. There were no significant differences in the hospitalization rate and pneumonia was the most common cause of hospitalization in both study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The annual decrease of FEV1/FVC was in patients with CPFE significantly higher than in the patients with IPF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kyung
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Myung
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Pyo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yon Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
keywords: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Respiratory Function Tests
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