title: Research of iron reduction and the iron reductase localization of anammox bacteria.
abstract: The iron-reducing capability of anammox bacteria was examined in this study using Percoll purified anammox bacteria. Anammox bacteria could reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) with organic matters as the electron donor. The activity of anammox iron-reducing process was dependent on different electron donor, acceptor and pH. The highest iron-reducing activity of anammox bacteria was achieved with Fe(III)-NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) as electron acceptor and formate as the electron donor at pH7. Similar to other iron reducers, 80 % of the iron reductase in anammox bacteria was located in the membrane fraction. Due to the chemical oxidant of NO2 (-) and the NO3 (-) dependent ferrous iron oxidation by anammox bacteria, the iron-reducing activity of anammox bacteria could be severely inhibited when iron-reducing pathway and the anammox process were coupled. However, the total nitrogen removal efficiency was not significantly affected in the presence of Fe(III). The iron-reducing capability of anammox bacteria could influence both N and Fe cycle on earth, and it is a potential way for wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hanmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D038181:FMN Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D007501:Iron; D038181:FMN Reductase; C023903:ferric citrate iron reductase
references.citation: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;44(2-3):65-84
references.pmid: 19247843
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 2011;486:89-108
references.pmid: 21185432
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Sep 3;395(6697):65-7
references.pmid: 9738498
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Feb;71(2):1066-71
references.pmid: 15691967
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 2005;397:34-57
references.pmid: 16260284
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jul;70(7):4230-41
references.pmid: 15240306
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jun;76(12):3999-4007
references.pmid: 20400562
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Apr 6;440(7085):790-4
references.pmid: 16598256
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Jul 29;400(6743):446-9
references.pmid: 10440372
references.citation: Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1997 Apr;47(2):505-9
references.pmid: 9103640
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Feb 1;36(3):373-80
references.pmid: 11871551
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Sep;64(9):3188-94
references.pmid: 9726858
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Sep;68(9):4629-36
references.pmid: 12200322
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Sep;71(9):5267-74
references.pmid: 16151113
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):154-62
references.pmid: 10618217
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jun;70(6):3785-8
references.pmid: 15184193
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Apr;72(4):2925-35
references.pmid: 16597999
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Jun;56(6):1919-25
references.pmid: 2200342
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1992 Jun;174(11):3429-38
references.pmid: 1592800
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Sep 15;437(7057):349-55
references.pmid: 16163345
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Apr;71(4):1677-84
references.pmid: 15811989
references.citation: Anal Chim Acta. 2010 Mar 24;663(2):172-7
references.pmid: 20206007
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jan;3(1):10-8
references.pmid: 11225719
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010;64:561-83
references.pmid: 20565252
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Nov;74(21):6746-55
references.pmid: 18791025
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Feb;34(Pt 1):174-8
references.pmid: 16417514
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2008 Apr;99(6):1722-8
references.pmid: 17574846
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Oct 02;479(7371):127-30
references.pmid: 21964329
references.citation: Water Res. 2011 Nov 15;45(18):5945-52
references.pmid: 21940030
references.citation: J Struct Biol. 2008 Mar;161(3):401-10
references.pmid: 17604181
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1992 Mar;174(6):1891-6
references.pmid: 1548235
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jul;3(7):450-9
references.pmid: 11553235
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Dec;39(6):1811-6
references.pmid: 22103531
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2009 Aug;297(1):87-94
references.pmid: 19558586
references.citation: Biochem J. 1999 Sep 1;342 ( Pt 2):439-48
references.pmid: 10455032
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 May;37(3):428-61
references.pmid: 23210799
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jul;79(13):4087-93
references.pmid: 23624480
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2008 Jan;190(2):708-17
references.pmid: 17993524