title: Oxidatively damaged guanosine in white blood cells and in urine of welders: associations with exposure to welding fumes and body iron stores.
abstract: The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers the carcinogenicity of welding fume of priority for re-evaluation. Genotoxic effects in experimental animals are still inconclusive. Here, we investigated the association of personal exposure to metals in respirable welding fumes during a working shift with oxidatively damaged guanosine in DNA of white blood cells (WBC) and in postshift urine samples from 238 welders. Medians of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) were 2.35/10(6) dGuo in DNA of WBC and 4.33 µg/g creatinine in urine. The median of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) was 7.03 µg/g creatinine in urine. The extent of both urinary parameters was higher in welders applying techniques with high particle emission rates to stainless steel than in tungsten inert gas welders (8-oxodGuo: 9.96 vs. 4.49 µg/L, 8-oxoGuo: 15.7 vs. 7.7 µg/L), but this apparent difference diminished after creatinine adjustment. We applied random intercept models to estimate the influence of airborne and systemic exposure to metals on oxidatively damaged guanosine in WBC and urine together with covariates. We observed a highly significant nonlinear association of urinary 8-oxoGuo with serum ferritin (P < 0.0001) and higher 8-oxoGuo concentrations for respirable iron >1,000 µg/m(3) compared to ≤57 µg/m(3). Similar effects were found for manganese. Airborne chromium but not nickel was associated with all oxidatively modified guanosine measures, whereas urinary chromium as well as nickel showed associations with urinary modified guanosines. In summary, oxidatively damaged urinary guanosine was associated with airborne and systemic exposure to metals in welders and showed a strong relation to body iron stores.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pesch
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: Holger M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Boleslaw
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marczynski
authors.forename: Swaantje
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casjens
authors.forename: Heiko U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Käfferlein
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Welge
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Gelder
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raulf
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brüning
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000652:urine; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001822:Body Burden; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014896:Welding; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D007501:Iron; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
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