title: [Middle third of the nose and internal valve. Alar wall and external valve].
abstract: To many surgeons, nasal airway obstruction is synonymous with either septal deviation or inferior turbinate hypertrophy. The role of internal and external nasal valves is often less known by surgeons even if it is crucial in nasal breathing and strongly interrelated with esthetic of the middle third of the nose and alar wall. Therefore, precise examination of the two valves and conservative surgery should help to avoid many functional and esthetic problems.
authors.affiliation: Cabinet de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, 76, avenue Raymond-Poincaré, 75116 Paris, France. Electronic address: jeanbriceduron@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Duron
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France; Clinique de Saint-Roch, 99, avenue Saint-Roch, 83000 Toulon, France.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Cabinet de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, immeuble Convergence, 50, rue Berthy-Albrecht, 84000 Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jallut
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital de la Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bardot
authors.affiliation: Cabinet de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, 76, avenue Raymond-Poincaré, 75116 Paris, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aiach
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004954:Esthetics; D006801:Humans; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D014420:Turbinates / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Alar graft; Cephalic lateral crura malposition; Collapsus nasal; External valve; Greffe alaire; Internal valve; Malposition des crus latérales; Nasal collapse; Spreader flap; Spreader graft; Valve externe; Valve interne