title: Pathways to Science and Engineering Bachelor's Degrees for Men and Women.
abstract: Despite the striking reversal of the gender gap in educational attainment and the near-gender parity in math performance, women pursue science and engineering (S/E) degrees at much lower rates than their male peers do. Current efforts to increase the number of women in these fields focus on different life-course periods but lack a clear understanding of the importance of these periods and how orientations toward S/E fields develop over time. In this article, we examine the gendered pathways to a S/E bachelor's degree from middle school to high school and college based on a representative sample from the 1973 to 1974 birth cohort. Using a counterfactual decomposition analysis, we determine the relative importance of these different life-course periods and thereby inform the direction of future research and policy. Our findings confirm previous research that highlights the importance of early encouragement for gender differences in S/E degrees, but our findings also attest to the high school years as a decisive period for the gender gap, while challenging the focus on college in research and policy. Indeed, if female high school seniors had the same orientation toward and preparation for S/E fields as their male peers, the gender gap in S/E degrees would be closed by as much as 82 percent.
authors.affiliation: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung.
authors.forename: Joscha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legewie
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Columbia University.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: DiPrete
keywords: STEM fields; education; gender
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