title: Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is little literature on health-service-level strategies for culturally respectful care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. We conducted two case studies, which involved one Aboriginal community controlled health care service and one state government-managed primary health care service, to examine cultural respect strategies, client experiences and barriers to cultural respect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from 22 interviews with staff from both services and four community assessment workshops, with a total of 21 clients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staff and clients at both services reported positive appraisals of the achievement of cultural respects. Strategies included: being grounded in a social view of health, including advocacy and addressing social determinants; employing Aboriginal staff; creating a welcoming service; supporting access through transport, outreach, and walk-in centres; and integrating cultural protocol. Barriers included: communication difficulties; racism and discrimination; and externally developed programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Service-level strategies were necessary to achieving cultural respect. These strategies have the potential to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary health care's social determinants of health mandate, the community controlled model, and the development of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workforce need to be supported to ensure a culturally respectful health system.
authors.affiliation: Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, South Australia.
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Tahnia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lawless
authors.forename: Gwyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jolley
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Javanparast
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000523:psychology*; D004493:Education; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006303:Health Services, Indigenous; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health; cultural respect; primary health care