title: A novel antigen-carrier system: the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acr protein carried by raw starch microparticles.
abstract: Microparticles have been used as promising carriers for in vivo vaccine delivery. However, the processes for immobilizing peptides or proteins on microparticles usually require the use of undesirable compounds and complex protocols. In this work, we propose a new immobilization and delivery system with raw starch microparticles and a starch binding domain (SBD) tag fusion protein. The heat shock protein alpha crystallin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used as model. The immunogenicity of the system was investigated in BALB/c mice inoculated with purified Acr-SBDtag protein (pAcr-SBDtag) and starch immobilized Acr-SBDtag protein (μAcr-SBDtag) by oral and intranasal routes. We demonstrated mucosal immunization with the μAcr-SBDtag protein induced systemic antibodies that were predominantly immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a). An analysis of the cytokines from spleen cells and lung homogenates revealed that loaded microparticles induced the secretion of interferon-γ (INF-γ), suggesting an adjuvant effect from the immobilization. The immune responses induced by immobilized protein were primarily affected by the route of administration. These results demonstrate that the system exhibits the necessary characteristics to improve antigen release and presentation to antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the mucosae. Because no extra adjuvants were used, we posit that the system may be suitable for delivery and presentation to the field of subunit vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moreno-Mendieta
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Espitia
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Pando
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico. Electronic address: romina@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sanoja
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014611:Vaccination; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; C118127:HspX protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013213:Starch
keywords: Microparticle vaccines; Mucosal immunization; Protein delivery; Starch Binding Domain tag; Starch microparticles