title: Start-up and bacterial communities of single-stage nitrogen removal using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) for treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater.
abstract: In this study, a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was used to start up the single-stage nitrogen removal system using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) process seeding from surplus activated sludge. The volumetric nitrogen loading rate (vNLR) was firstly 0.075 kg N m(-3) d(-1) and then gradually increased to 0.60 kg N m(-3) d(-1). A maximal total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 0.54 kg N m(-3) d(-1) was achieved by the SNAP process after 132 days operation with NH4(+)-N and TN removal efficiency of 99.4% and 90.5%, respectively. This reactor may have applications for the SNAP process treating high strength ammonia wastewater. And dewatered surplus activated sludge was recommended as the seed sludge for engineering applications. The dominant bacterial strains were Xanthomonas campestris, Nitrosomonas europaea and Ignavibacterium album, corresponding to the percentage of 24%, 22% and 20%, respectively, based on the 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing of the SNAP sludge.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianbing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China. Electronic address: zjb1127@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D058465:Nitrification; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009584:Nitrogen; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation; Bacterial community; Completely single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal; Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR); Surplus dewatered activated sludge