title: Antimicrobial and allelopathic metabolites produced by Penicillium brasilianum.
abstract: Six known compounds, isoroquefortine C (1), griseofulvin (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), 3β-hydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,8,22-trien-7-one (4), cerevisterol (5) and (22E,24R)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (6), were produced by the fungus Penicillium brasilianum, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report on isoroquefortine C as naturally occurring compound. Their bioactivities against five phytopathogenic fungi (Gibeberalla saubinetti, Fusarium solani, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria solani) and four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus cereus), as well as allelopathic activities on Raphanus sativus were tested. Compound 1 exhibited a remarkable antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μM against C. gloeosporioides, in comparison with positive control hymexazol (MIC 25 μM). Compound 2 displayed strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. solani and S. aureus with MIC of 3.13 μM for each. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed a significant growth-inhibition activity on R. sativus.
authors.affiliation: a Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Science, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , Shaanxi , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D064089:Allelopathy; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010407:Penicillium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D031224:Raphanus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D007211:Indoles; D010879:Piperazines; D006118:Griseofulvin; C012536:roquefortine
keywords: Penicillium brasilianum; anti-microbial activity; phytotoxins