title: Adequate dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with nephrolithiasis: new targets and objectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modifiable risk factors for kidney stones, such as diet and nutritional status, are targets in the treatment and prevention of nephrolithiasis. The aim of the present study was to assess the nutritional state and energy and nutrient adequacy of patients with nephrolithiasis via anthropometric evaluation, dietary inquiry, and urine biochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present observational cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An outpatient, nephrolithiasis clinic of a tertiary care, university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 patients with nephrolithiasis and 25 controls were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were subjected to nutritional evaluation, including dietary inquiry and chemical tests of blood and 24-hour urine samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nutritional state and nutrient ingestion adequacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group of patients with nephrolithiasis exhibited high body mass index, abdominal circumference, and body fat percentage values. The protein, sodium, calcium, potassium, and oxalate intakes differed significantly from the recommended values in both the nephrolithiasis and control groups. The nephrolithiasis and control groups differed only in terms of oxalate intake (159 ± 119.27 vs. 112 ± 47.9, respectively, P = .042). Regarding urine biochemistry, 30% of the patients with nephrolithiasis exhibited hypercalciuria, versus 12% of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of individuals with overweight/obesity was high in both the nephrolithiasis and control groups. This finding indicates that in addition to orientation regarding nonlithogenic dietary habits, continuous education by a multidisciplinary staff must also address the prevention and treatment of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: larissatondin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Larissa Marques Tondin de
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Barbieri
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hauschild
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane de Mesquita Barros Almeida
authors.initials: Cde M
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deise Regina
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; and Nephrology Section, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017097:Electric Impedance; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary