title: Alarmin S100A8/S100A9 as a biomarker for molecular imaging of local inflammatory activity.
abstract: Inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. The early detection, localization and monitoring of inflammation are crucial for tailoring individual therapies. However, reliable biomarkers to detect local inflammatory activities and to predict disease outcome are still missing. Alarmins, which are locally released during cellular stress, are early amplifiers of inflammation. Here, using optical molecular imaging, we demonstrate that the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 serves as a sensitive local and systemic marker for the detection of even sub-clinical disease activity in inflammatory and immunological processes like irritative and allergic contact dermatitis. In a model of collagen-induced arthritis, we use S100A8/S100A9 imaging to predict the development of disease activity. Furthermore, S100A8/S100A9 can act as a very early and sensitive biomarker in experimental leishmaniasis for phagocyte activation linked to an effective Th1-response. In conclusion, the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 is a valuable and sensitive molecular target for novel imaging approaches to monitor clinically relevant inflammatory disorders on a molecular level.
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [3].
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK [2] Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [3].
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisenblätter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Völler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zenker
authors.affiliation: 1] Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Lent
authors.affiliation: European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.affiliation: 1] Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Beatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roebrock
authors.affiliation: 1] European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 'Cells in Motion - CiM', University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfers
authors.affiliation: 1] Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Department of Radiology, St Franziskus Hospital Münster, 48145 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany [3] Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 'Cells in Motion - CiM', University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C098793:CY5.5 cyanine dye; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D002232:Carbocyanines; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C576329:S100A9 protein, mouse; C086145:S100a8 protein, mouse; D003094:Collagen
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