title: High-throughput method of dioxin analysis in aqueous samples using consecutive solid phase extraction steps with the new C18 Ultraflow™ pressurized liquid extraction and automated clean-up.
abstract: A high-throughput analytical method has been developed for the determination of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in aqueous samples. A recently introduced octadecyl (C18) disk for semi-automated solid-phase extraction of PCDD/Fs in water samples with a high level of particulate material has been tested for the analysis of dioxins. A new type of C18 disk specially designed for the analysis of hexane extractable material (HEM), but never previously reported for use in PCDD/Fs analysis. This kind of disk allows a higher filtration flow, and therefore the time of analysis is reduced. The solid-phase extraction technique is used to change samples from liquid to solid, and therefore pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) can be used in the pre-treatment. In order to achieve efficient purification, extracts from the PLE are purified using an automated Power-prep system with disposable silica, alumina, and carbon columns. Quantitative analyses of PCDD/Fs were performed by GC-HRMS using multi-ion detection (MID) mode. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of water samples from the wastewater treatment system of a vinyl chloride monomer plant. The entire procedure is in agreement with EPA1613 recommendations regarding the blank control, MDLs (method detection limits), accuracy, and precision. The high-throughput method not only meets the requirements of international standards, but also shortens the required analysis time from 2 weeks to 3d.
authors.affiliation: LG Chem./Research Park, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-738, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yyyoun@lgchem.com.
authors.forename: Yeu-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, United States.
authors.forename: Deok Hie
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: LG Chem./Research Park, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-738, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Hwa
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: LG Chem./Research Park, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-738, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: LG Chem./Research Park, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-738, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002617:Chemical Industry; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023614:dibenzofuran
keywords: Octadecyl (C18) disk; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Power-prep system; Pressurized liquid extraction; Solid-phase extraction