title: Extracellular membrane vesicles secreted by mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 are enriched in virulence proteins.
abstract: Mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes), the smallest prokaryotes capable of self-replication, as well as Archaea, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria constitutively produce extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, little is known regarding the content and functions of mycoplasma vesicles. Here, we present for the first time a proteomics-based characterisation of extracellular membrane vesicles from Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8. The ubiquitous mycoplasma is widespread in nature, found in humans, animals and plants, and is the causative agent of phytomycoplasmoses and the predominant contaminant of cell cultures. Taking a proteomics approach using LC-ESI-MS/MS, we identified 97 proteins. Analysis of the identified proteins indicated that A. laidlawii-derived EVs are enriched in virulence proteins that may play critical roles in mycoplasma-induced pathogenesis. Our data will help to elucidate the functions of mycoplasma-derived EVs and to develop effective methods to control infections and contaminations of cell cultures by mycoplasmas. In the present study, we have documented for the first time the proteins in EVs secreted by mycoplasma vesicular proteins identified in this study are likely involved in the adaptation of bacteria to stressors, survival in microbial communities and pathogen-host interactions. These findings suggest that the secretion of EVs is an evolutionally conserved and universal process that occurs in organisms from the simplest wall-less bacteria to complex organisms and indicate the necessity of developing new approaches to control infects.
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladislav M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Chernov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mouzykantov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Baranova
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Medvedeva
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Grygorieva
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia. Electronic address: mtrushin@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Maxim V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Trushin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Innokentii E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Vishnyakov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nanobiotechnologies, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Sabantsev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergei N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Borchsenius
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Chernova
mesh_terms: D000128:Acholeplasma laidlawii / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009174:Mycoplasma; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry*; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Extracellular membrane vesicles; Mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8; Virulence proteins