title: Pediatric brainstem hemorrhages after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injuries afflict a large number of pediatric patients. The most severe injuries lead to increased intracranial pressure and herniation, with resultant changes in the brainstem. Traumatic brainstem hemorrhages have previously been associated with poor neurological outcome and fatality. However, this report discusses 2 pediatric patients who sustained severe head trauma with subsequent brainstem hemorrhages, and yet experienced good neurological outcome; the possible mechanism is described.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurological Surgery, University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Florida; and.
authors.forename: Alexandra D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Dirks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003399:Craniotomy; D056424:Decompressive Craniectomy; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Duret hemorrhage; EMS = emergency medical services; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; GOS = Glasgow Outcome Scale; ICP = intracranial pressure; SDH = subdural hematoma; TBI = traumatic brain injury; brainstem hemorrhage; decompressive craniectomy; trauma; traumatic brain injury