title: Improving the amenability of municipal waste activated sludge for biological pretreatment by phase-separated sludge disintegration method.
abstract: The significance of citric acid, a cation binding agent, was investigated for the exclusion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from waste activated sludge (WAS) and anaerobic biodegradability following enzymatic bacterial pretreatment. EPS was removed with 0.05 g/g SS of citric acid. The results of pretreatment found that the suspended solids reduction and chemical oxygen demand solubilisation were 21.4% and 16.2% for deflocculated-bacterially pretreated sludge, 14.28% and 10.0% for flocculated sludge (without EPS removal and bacterially pretreated) and 8.5% and 6.5% for control sludge (raw sludge), respectively. Further assessing anaerobic biodegradability, the biogas yield potential of deflocculated and bacterially pretreated, flocculated, and control sludges were found to be 0.455 L/(g VS), 0.343 L/(g VS), and 0.209 L/(g VS), respectively. Thus, phase-separated disintegration enhanced anaerobic biodegradability efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adish Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Thiruparankundram, Madurai, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaliappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ick Tae
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India. Electronic address: rajeshces@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajesh Banu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002947:Cities; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry; D007194:India; D007700:Kinetics; D044367:Phase Transition; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D056804:Biofuels; D001704:Biopolymers; D002241:Carbohydrates; D012722:Sewage; D019343:Citric Acid
keywords: Anaerobic biodegradability; Citric acid; Extracellular polymeric substance; Phase separated disintegration; Waste activated sludge