title: Association between the bovine milk metabolome and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk.
abstract: The milk metabolomes of 407 individual Swedish Red dairy cows were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as part of the Danish-Swedish Milk Genomics Initiative. By relating these metabolite profiles to total milk protein concentration and rheological measurements of rennet-induced milk coagulation together using multivariate data analysis techniques, we were able to identify several different associations of the milk metabolome to technological properties of milk. Several novel correlations of milk metabolites to protein content and rennet-induced coagulation properties were demonstrated. Metabolites associated with the prediction of total protein content included choline, N-acetyl hexosamines, creatinine, glycerophosphocholine, glutamate, glucose 1-phosphate, galactose 1-phosphate, and orotate. In addition, levels of lactate, acetate, glutamate, creatinine, choline, carnitine, galactose 1-phosphate, and glycerophosphocholine were significantly different when comparing noncoagulating and well-coagulating milks. These findings suggest that the mentioned metabolites are associated with milk protein content and rennet-induced coagulation properties and may act as quality markers for cheese milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark. Electronic address: uksundekilde@food.au.dk.
authors.forename: Ulrik K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Sundekilde
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nina A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glantz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lotte B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hanne C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bertram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002611:Cheese; D012085:Chymosin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; C025350:rennet; D012085:Chymosin
keywords: dairy milk; metabolomics; milk coagulation; milk metabolite; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy