title: Synthesis and role of salicylic acid in wheat varieties with different levels of cadmium tolerance.
abstract: Wheat genotypes with different endogenous SA contents were investigated, in order to reveal how cadmium influences salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, and to find possible relationships between SA and certain protective compounds (members of the antioxidants and the heavy metal detoxification system) and between the SA content and the level of cadmium tolerance. Cadmium exposure induced SA synthesis, especially in the leaves, and it is suggested that the phenyl-propanoid synthesis pathway is responsible for the accumulation of SA observed after cadmium stress. Cadmium influenced the synthesis and activation of protective compounds to varying extents in wheat genotypes with different levels of tolerance; the roots and leaves also responded differently to cadmium stress. Although a direct relationship was not found between the initial SA levels and the degree of cadmium tolerance, the results suggest that the increase in the root SA level during cadmium stress in the Mv varieties could be related with the enhancement of the internal glutathione cycle, thus inducing the antioxidant and metal detoxification systems, which promote Cd stress tolerance in wheat seedlings. The positive correlation between certain SA-related compounds and protective compounds suggests that SA-related signalling may also play a role in the acclimation to heavy metal stress.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Viktória
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Orsolya K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Gondor
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szalai
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darkó
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majláth
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janda
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary. Electronic address: pal.magda@agrar.mta.hu.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pál
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005838:Genotype; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D019761:Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054811:Phytochelatins; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D002104:Cadmium; C085894:2-hydroxycinnamic acid; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D054811:Phytochelatins; C019895:chorismate synthase; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; D019761:Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases; C058486:isochorismate synthase; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Antioxidants; Cadmium; Heavy metal detoxification; Salicylic acid; Wheat