title: Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR-11.
abstract: The case of a 22-year-old male Caucasian driver is presented. He was involved in a traffic collision. At the roadside, he displayed blank stare and mellow speech with a barely audible voice. A DRE found low body temperature, rigid muscle tone, normal pulse, lack of horizontal and vertical gaze nystagmus, nonconvergence of the eyes, dilated pupil size, and normal Pupillary reaction to light. A standard toxicology DUID protocol was performed on the driver's whole blood including ELISA and GC-MS drug screens with negative results. Additional drug screening was undertaken for bath salts and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists by LC-MS/MS by a commercial laboratory and identified the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR-11 in the driver's blood. XLR-11 was subsequently quantified at 1.34 ng/mL. This is the first documented case involving a driver operating a motor vehicle under the influence of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR-11.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Laboratory Division, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Hall of Justice, 850 Bryant Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143.
authors.forename: Nikolas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lemos
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000097:blood*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D000066448:Driving Under the Influence; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; C585106:XLR-11
keywords: San Francisco; XLR-11; blueberry spice; driving under the influence of drugs; drug recognition expert; forensic science; forensic toxicology; human performance forensic toxicology; spice; synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist