title: The Quik Fix study: a randomised controlled trial of brief interventions for young people with alcohol-related injuries and illnesses accessing emergency department and crisis support care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol is a major preventable cause of injury, disability and death in young people. Large numbers of young people with alcohol-related injuries and medical conditions present to hospital emergency departments (EDs). Access to brief, efficacious, accessible and cost effective treatment is an international health priority within this age group. While there is growing evidence for the efficacy of brief motivational interviewing (MI) for reducing alcohol use in young people, there is significant scope to increase its impact, and determine if it is the most efficacious and cost effective type of brief intervention available. The efficacy of personality-targeted interventions (PIs) for alcohol misuse delivered individually to young people is yet to be determined or compared to MI, despite growing evidence for school-based PIs. This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telephone-delivered MI, PI and an Assessment Feedback/Information (AF/I) only control for reducing alcohol use and related harm in young people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants will be 390 young people aged 16 to 25 years presenting to a crisis support service or ED with alcohol-related injuries and illnesses (including severe alcohol intoxication). This single blinded superiority trial randomized young people to (i) 2 sessions of MI; (ii) 2 sessions of a new PI or (iii) a 1 session AF/I only control. Participants are reassessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months on the primary outcomes of alcohol use and related problems and secondary outcomes of mental health symptoms, functioning, severity of problematic alcohol use, alcohol injuries, alcohol-related knowledge, coping self-efficacy to resist using alcohol, and cost effectiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will identify the most efficacious and cost-effective telephone-delivered brief intervention for reducing alcohol misuse and related problems in young people presenting to crisis support services or EDs. We expect efficacy will be greatest for PI, followed by MI, and then AF/I at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months on the primary and secondary outcome variables. Telephone-delivered brief interventions could provide a youth-friendly, accessible, efficacious, cost-effective and easily disseminated treatment for addressing the significant public health issue of alcohol misuse and related harm in young people.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000108718.
authors.affiliation: Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research (CYSAR), School for Psychology & Counselling, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia. leanne.hides@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hides
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daglish
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Barendregt
authors.forename: Ross McD
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Davina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mergard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000191:economics; D010551:Personality; D011793:Queensland; D012107:Research Design; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2007 May;33(3):688-702
references.pmid: 17440198
references.citation: Addiction. 2007 Aug;102(8):1234-43
references.pmid: 17565560
references.citation: Br J Addict. 1992 May;87(5):743-54
references.pmid: 1591525
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;60(2):184-9
references.pmid: 12578436
references.citation: Behav Modif. 2007 Mar;31(2):202-19
references.pmid: 17307935
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;203(5):334-40
references.pmid: 24072758
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2000 Feb;109(1):122-33
references.pmid: 10740943
references.citation: Lancet. 2007 Apr 21;369(9570):1391-1401
references.pmid: 17448826
references.citation: Addiction. 1993 Jun;88(6):791-804
references.pmid: 8329970
references.citation: Addiction. 2004 Jan;99(1):39-52
references.pmid: 14678061
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Dec;67(6):989-94
references.pmid: 10596521
references.citation: Addiction. 2001 Dec;96(12):1725-42
references.pmid: 11784466
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 May;22(3):585-97
references.pmid: 9622436
references.citation: Psychother Psychosom. 2013;82(2):122-4
references.pmid: 23295899
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Aug;34(8):1376-85
references.pmid: 20491738
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Mar;65(2):200-3
references.pmid: 15151350
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2012 Mar;37(3):225-33
references.pmid: 22143002
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 May;39(4):563-76
references.pmid: 21181434
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2012 Feb;37(2):217-20
references.pmid: 21981824
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2001 Nov-Dec;26(6):803-25
references.pmid: 11768546
references.citation: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006 Dec;35(4):550-63
references.pmid: 17007600
references.citation: J Pers. 2000 Dec;68(6):1059-88
references.pmid: 11130732
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Jun;79(3):296-306
references.pmid: 21500886
references.citation: Med J Aust. 2010 Jun 7;192(S11):S22-6
references.pmid: 20528703
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2008 Feb 19;148(4):W60-6
references.pmid: 18283201
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2010 Feb;121(1-2):169-74
references.pmid: 19604584
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998 Aug;66(4):604-15
references.pmid: 9735576
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2009 Dec;34(12):1042-55
references.pmid: 19683400
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2006 Dec;40(8):691-9
references.pmid: 16956622
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Feb;68(1):134-44
references.pmid: 10710848
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2002 Aug;111(3):411-24
references.pmid: 12150417
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Feb;84(2):390-410
references.pmid: 12585812
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;49(9):954-963.e1
references.pmid: 20732631
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Oct;74(5):943-54
references.pmid: 17032098
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008 Sep;35(2):184-201
references.pmid: 18083321
references.citation: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007;33(5):737-46
references.pmid: 17891666
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;49(2):181-90
references.pmid: 18211277
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;67(1):85-93
references.pmid: 20048226
references.citation: Brain Inj. 2010;24(7-8):919-27
references.pmid: 20545447
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Aug;68(4):728-33
references.pmid: 10965648
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Nov;69(5):990-1005
references.pmid: 7473043
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e23748
references.pmid: 21998626
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2011 Jan-Feb;36(1-2):37-46
references.pmid: 20826056
references.citation: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;45(4):308-16
references.pmid: 21332432
references.citation: Med J Aust. 2009 Aug 17;191(4):237-8
references.pmid: 19705991
references.citation: Value Health. 2010 Dec;13(8):1014-27
references.pmid: 20825621
references.citation: Addiction. 2008 Jul;103(7):1198-205
references.pmid: 18494839
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Oct;21(7):1320-32
references.pmid: 9347096
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1989 Jan;50(1):30-7
references.pmid: 2927120
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2001 Aug;91(8):1310-6
references.pmid: 11499124
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Apr;35(4):703-16
references.pmid: 21223307
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 2003 Mar;59(3):351-62
references.pmid: 12579550
references.citation: Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2009 Nov 25;4:20
references.pmid: 19939238
references.citation: Psychol Addict Behav. 2000 Sep;14(3):231-42
references.pmid: 10998949
references.citation: Addiction. 2005 Apr;100(4):470-8
references.pmid: 15784061
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1:91-111
references.pmid: 17716083