title: An epidemiological study to determine the prevalence and risk assessment of gingivitis in 5-, 12- and 15-year-old children of rural and urban area of Panchkula (Haryana).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim and objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis and evaluate the factors associated with gingivitis in children residing in rural and urban areas of Panchkula.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was carried out on a sample of 1269 school children, aged 5, 12 and 15 years, randomly selected from the rural and the urban schools of Panchkula and gingival index was recorded as devised by Loe and Silness (1963) to assess the severity of gingivitis. A standardized questionnaire was self prepared, which was filled by the examiner prior to the clinical examination. The data were subjected to SPSS, version 13, and statistically analyzed using Chi test, F test, ANOVA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the age group of 5 years, the children affected with gingivitis in the rural and the urban areas were 67 and 33%, respectively, which was statistically highly significant (P = 0.0001). In the age group of 12 years, the children affected with gingivitis in the rural and the urban areas were 94 and 92%, respectively (P = 0.537), whereas in 15-year olds, the children affected with gingivitis in the rural and the urban areas were 98 and 64%, respectively (P = 0.0001). The children who brushed once a day had higher prevalence of gingivitis as compared to children who brushed more than once per day in all the age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the percentage of children affected with gingivitis was significantly higher in the rural areas in 5- and 15-year-old children, but this trend was not seen in 12-year age group, reflecting the lack of awareness in rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Sultanpur (Panchkula) Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Avninder
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Devinder Kaur
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Baweja
authors.forename: Mauli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simratvir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population