title: Effects of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on Growth Performance, Diarrhea and Faecal Bacterial Flora of Weaned Piglets.
abstract: This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, faecal bacterial flora, and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter. A total of 360 piglets (initial body weight 7.14±0.63 kg) weaned at 26±2 days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen) for a 28-day trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial (negative control; NC), basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate (positive control; PC) and basal diet supplemented with 2×10(9) (L), 4×10(9) (M) and 20×10(9) (H) CFU/kg feed of B. subtilis KN-42. During the overall period, average daily gain and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC, M, and H than those in group NC (p<0.05), and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment. The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that supplementation of B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities, with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC (p<0.05), and the supplemented B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E. coli (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary addition of B. subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China .
authors.forename: Yuanliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China .
authors.forename: Yaohao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dun
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China .
authors.forename: Shenao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China .
authors.forename: Shumiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China .
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China .
authors.forename: Yunxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Community; Diarrhea; Growth Performance; Lactobacillus; Weaned Piglets
references.citation: Anaerobe. 2010 Oct;16(5):516-21
references.pmid: 20371295
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul;8(7):1191-9
references.pmid: 16817927
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 28;105(43):16731-6
references.pmid: 18936492
references.citation: Poult Sci. 2010 Feb;89(2):203-16
references.pmid: 20075271
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):297-303
references.pmid: 10618239
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 2013 Feb;91(2):978-85
references.pmid: 23307840
references.citation: Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):228-33
references.pmid: 10821283
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Sep;66(9):3664-73
references.pmid: 10966374
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jan;78(2):420-8
references.pmid: 22101049
references.citation: Water Res. 2011 Apr;45(8):2561-72
references.pmid: 21420709
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005 Sep;29(4):813-35
references.pmid: 16102604
references.citation: Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1635-8
references.pmid: 15831718
references.citation: Anim Sci J. 2013 Apr;84(4):316-21
references.pmid: 23590505
references.citation: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2011 Apr;52(4):379-85
references.pmid: 21255058
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Oct 30;480(7376):241-4
references.pmid: 22037308
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2012 Feb;80(2):710-9
references.pmid: 22144475
references.citation: Mol Cell Probes. 1997 Apr;11(2):95-101
references.pmid: 9160323
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Sep;62(9):3112-20
references.pmid: 8795197
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 2013 Sep;91(9):4374-82
references.pmid: 23825327
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2013;4:2151
references.pmid: 23877117
references.citation: Poult Sci. 2008 Apr;87(4):606-11
references.pmid: 18339979
references.citation: Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Apr 15;130(3):227-32
references.pmid: 19237219
references.citation: Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2012 Nov;25(11):1575-81
references.pmid: 25049519
references.citation: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006 May;42(5):490-4
references.pmid: 16620208
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 2012 Aug;93(1):264-8
references.pmid: 21757212
references.citation: J Microbiol Methods. 2003 Jul;54(1):13-20
references.pmid: 12732417
references.citation: Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2012 Sep;25(9):1285-93
references.pmid: 25049692
references.citation: J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2004 Dec;88(11-12):381-92
references.pmid: 15584947
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1998;52:165-90
references.pmid: 9891797
references.citation: Arch Anim Nutr. 2005 Dec;59(6):405-17
references.pmid: 16429826
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Sep;72(9):5990-7
references.pmid: 16957220
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3854-9
references.pmid: 9758810
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Dec 17;217(2):133-9
references.pmid: 12480096
references.citation: Genet Mol Res. 2013 May 23;12(2):1766-76
references.pmid: 23765983
references.citation: Arch Anim Nutr. 2009 Apr;63(2):112-26
references.pmid: 19489454