title: The systemic inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Score as a prognostic factor in patients with acute heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By combining C-reactive protein and serum albumin concentrations, the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) provides valuable predictions of prognosis in patients with cancer. Both systemic inflammatory response and malnutrition are also common in patients with heart failure. We evaluated the efficacy of the GPS for predicting the prognoses of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 336 patients who were admitted with ADHF. The GPS (0, 1, and 2) was defined as follows: patients with both elevated C-reactive protein (>1.0 mg/dl) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 g/dl) were allocated a score of 2, patients with only one of these biochemical abnormalities were allocated a score of 1, and patients with neither of these abnormalities were allocated a score of 0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period (mean ± SD: 504 ± 471 days), 71 patients (21.1%) died. Relative to a GPS of 0, the hazard ratios for all-cause death were 3.40 (95% confidence interval 1.81-6.45) for a GPS of 2 and 1.97 (95% confidence interval 1.06-3.66) for a GPS of 1, as determined using adjusted Cox proportional-hazards analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GPS, which is based on systemic inflammation, is useful for predicting the prognoses of hospitalized patients with ADHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sendai City Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namiuchi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugie
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takii
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011379:Prognosis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein