title: Effect of short chain fatty acids on the expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2), Ffar3 and early-stage adipogenesis.
abstract: Adipose tissue has a major influence on insulin sensitivity. Stimulation of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) has been proposed to influence adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesised that exposing preadipocytes to short chain fatty acids would induce earlier expression of nuclear receptors that co-ordinate adipogenesis, triglyceride accumulation and leptin secretion. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of 1 μM acetate, 0.1-10 μM propionate or vehicle control. In experiment 1, expression of Ffar2 and nuclear receptor mRNA was measured by quantitative PCR over 48 h following onset of differentiation. In experiment 2, extracellular leptin concentration and intracellular triglyceride content were measured at days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 following the onset of differentiation. Control cells exhibited similar temporal dynamics of gene expression, triglyceride accumulation and leptin secretion as reported previously. We were unable to detect expression of Ffar3 mRNA at any stage of differentiation. Consistent with a lack of Ffar2 expression in the first 24 h of differentiation, acetate and propionate had no significant effect on nuclear receptor expression. Furthermore, acetate or propionate treatment did not alter leptin concentration or triglyceride content. In conclusion, we observed no significant effect of propionate or acetate on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells using validated quantitative techniques.
authors.affiliation: 1] Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Otway
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johnston
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2008 Sep;149(9):4519-26
references.pmid: 18499755
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Mar;1801(3):209-14
references.pmid: 19948243
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Aug 28-Sep 3;364(9436):778-85
references.pmid: 15337404
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2005 Dec;146(12):5092-9
references.pmid: 16123168
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Oct;19(10):2437-50
references.pmid: 16051663
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Dec 12;2(12):e1309
references.pmid: 18074032
references.citation: Metabolism. 1998 Oct;47(10):1245-51
references.pmid: 9781629
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2009 Oct;26(7):1340-54
references.pmid: 19916835
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 28;278(13):11312-9
references.pmid: 12496283
references.citation: Horm Metab Res. 2007 Oct;39(10):739-42
references.pmid: 17952837