title: Immuno-miRs: critical regulators of T-cell development, function and ageing.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are instrumental to many aspects of immunity, including various levels of T-cell immunity. Over the last decade, crucial immune functions were shown to be regulated by specific miRNAs. These 'immuno-miRs' regulate generic cell biological processes in T cells, such as proliferation and apoptosis, as well as a number of T-cell-specific features that are fundamental to the development, differentiation and function of T cells. In this review, we give an overview of the current literature with respect to the role of miRNAs at various stages of T-cell development, maturation, differentiation, activation and ageing. Little is known about the involvement of miRNAs in thymic T-cell development, although miR-181a and miR-150 have been implicated herein. In contrast, several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR-21, miR-155 and miR-17~92, have now been shown to regulate T-cell activation. Other miRNAs, including miR-146a, show a more T-cell-subset-specific expression pattern and are involved in the regulation of processes unique to that specific T-cell subset. Importantly, differences in the miRNA target gene repertoires of different T-cell subsets allow similar miRNAs to control different T-cell-subset-specific functions. Interestingly, several of the here described immuno-miRs have also been implicated in T-cell ageing and there are clear indications for causal involvement of miRNAs in immunosenescence. It is concluded that immuno-miRs have a dynamic regulatory role in many aspects of T-cell differentiation, activation, function and ageing. An important notion when studying miRNAs in relation to T-cell biology is that specific immuno-miRs may have quite unrelated functions in closely related T-cell subsets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart-Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kroesen
authors.forename: Nato
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teteloshvili
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smigielska-Czepiel
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: Anne Mieke H
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boots
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluiver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: T cell; activation; ageing; differentiation; microRNA
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