title: Nutrient intake in Italian infants and toddlers from North and South Italy: the Nutrintake 636 study.
abstract: We performed a cross-sectional study to compare the intake of energy, macronutrients, fiber, sodium and iron and the anthropometric status of infants and toddlers living in North (Milano) and South Italy (Catania). Nutrient intake was evaluated using a 7-day weighed food record. Out of 400 planned children aged 6 to 36 months, 390 (98%) were recruited, 189 in Milano and 201 in Catania. The mean (standard deviation) age was 17 (9) months in Milano and 17 (10) months in Catania. Anthropometry, energy intake and macronutrient intake were similar in Milano and Catania. However, iron intake was 27% lower and fiber intake 16% higher in Milano than in Catania. Despite normal anthropometry and energy intake, in the pooled sample there was a high intake of proteins, simple carbohydrates, saturated fats and sodium, and a low intake of iron and fiber compared to Italian reference values. This is the first study to report the macro- and micro-nutrient intake of children aged <12 months using the 7-day weighed food record and one of the very few studies that have employed such reference method in children from the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy. gianvincenzo.zuccotti@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Gian Vincenzo
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Zuccotti
authors.affiliation: Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Corso Italia 19, 20122 Milano, Italy. ccassatella@asl.milano.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassatella
authors.affiliation: Ospedale San Carlo, Via Ospedale 21, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Italy. ambramorelli@alice.it.
authors.forename: Ambra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.affiliation: Italian Association of Dietitians, Vicolo S. Silvestro 6, 37122 Verona, Italy. mcristina.c@alice.it.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cucugliato
authors.affiliation: Italian Association of Dietitians, Vicolo S. Silvestro 6, 37122 Verona, Italy. giucati@libero.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catinello
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy. valeria.delbalzo@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: del Balzo
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Consumers Information Office, Directorate of Hygiene, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Viale G. Ribotta 5, 00144 Roma, Italy. l.guidarelli-esterno@sanita.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guidarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO) and Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milano, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy. carlo.agostoni@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy. mameli.chiara@hsacco.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mameli
authors.affiliation: Italian Association of Dietitians, Vicolo S. Silvestro 6, 37122 Verona, Italy. e.troiano@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Ersilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Troiano
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Center, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 - km 163.5, 34012 Basovizza, Italy. giorgiobedogni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bedogni
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007558:Italy; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
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