title: Effectiveness of global postural reeducation compared to segmental exercises on function, pain, and quality of life of patients with scapular dyskinesis associated with neck pain: a preliminary clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of global postural reeducation (GPR) relative to segmental exercises (SE) in the treatment of scapular dyskinesis (SD) associated with neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with SD and neck pain (n = 30) aged 18 to 65 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups: GPR and SE (stretching exercises). The upper extremity was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire; function of the neck was estimated using the Neck Disability Index; pain severity was measured using a visual analogical scale; and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-12. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 10 weekly sessions (60 minutes each). The significance level adopted was α < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For pre-post treatment comparisons, GPR was significantly associated with improvements in function of neck and upper extremities, pain, and physical and mental domains of quality of life (P < .05). Segmental exercises improved function of upper extremities and of the neck and severity of pain (P < .05). When contrasting groups, GPR was significantly superior to SE in improving pain and physical domains of the quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that GPR and SE had similar effects on function of the neck and upper extremity in patients with SD associated with neck pain. When comparing groups, GPR was superior to SE in improving pain and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapist, Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinthia Santos Miotto de
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Clinician, Department of Shoulder and Elbow, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Emilio Conforto
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gracitelli
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapist, Department of Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil. Electronic address: pasqual@usp.br.
authors.forename: Amélia Pasqual
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapist, Department of Faculty of Medical Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo and Hospital Santa Isabel, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia Dos Santos
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture; D011788:Quality of Life; D012540:Scapula; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dyskinesias; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Neck Pain; Physical Therapy Modalities; Posture