title: A system and method to interface with multiple groups of axons in several fascicles of peripheral nerves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several neural interface technologies that stimulate and/or record from groups of axons have been developed. The longitudinal intrafascicular electrode (LIFE) is a fine wire that can provide access to a discrete population of axons within a peripheral nerve fascicle. Some applications require, or would benefit greatly from, technology that could provide access to multiple discrete sites in several fascicles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distributed intrafascicular multi-electrode (DIME) lead was developed to deploy multiple LIFEs to several fascicles. It consists of several (e.g. six) LIFEs that are coiled and placed in a sheath for strength and durability, with a portion left uncoiled to allow insertion at distinct sites. We have also developed a multi-lead multi-electrode (MLME) management system that includes a set of sheaths and procedures for fabrication and deployment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prototype with 3 DIME leads was fabricated and tested in a procedure in a cadaver arm. The leads were successfully routed through skin and connective tissue and the deployment procedures were utilized to insert the LIFEs into fascicles of two nerves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most multi-electrode systems use a single-lead, multi-electrode design. For some applications, this design may be limited by the bulk of the multi-contact array and/or by the spatial distribution of the electrodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have designed a system that can be used to access multiple sets of discrete groups of fibers that are spatially distributed in one or more fascicles of peripheral nerves. This system may be useful for neural-enabled prostheses or other applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Thota
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Sathyakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuntaegowdanahalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Starosciak
authors.affiliation: Center for Adaptive Neural Systems, School for Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA; Miami Hand and Upper Extremity Institute, 8905 SW 87th Avenue, Miami, FL 33176, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orbay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Horch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA. Electronic address: rjung@fiu.edu.
authors.forename: Ranu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D058117:Neural Prostheses; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Intrafascicular electrode; Multi-electrode; Neuroprosthesis; Peripheral nerve interface
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