title: Investigation of the interaction between patulin and human serum albumin by a spectroscopic method, atomic force microscopy, and molecular modeling.
abstract: The interaction of patulin with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied in vitro under normal physiological conditions. The study was performed using fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and molecular modeling techniques. The quenching mechanism was investigated using the association constants, the number of binding sites, and basic thermodynamic parameters. A dynamic quenching mechanism occurred between HSA and patulin, and the binding constants (K) were 2.60 × 10(4), 4.59 × 10(4), and 7.01 × 10(4) M(-1) at 288, 300, and 310 K, respectively. Based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, the distance between the HSA and patulin was determined to be 2.847 nm. The ΔG (0), ΔH (0), and ΔS (0) values across various temperatures indicated that hydrophobic interaction was the predominant binding force. The UV-Vis and CD results confirmed that the secondary structure of HSA was altered in the presence of patulin. The AFM results revealed that the individual HSA molecule dimensions were larger after interaction with patulin. In addition, molecular modeling showed that the patulin-HSA complex was stabilized by hydrophobic and hydrogen bond forces. The study results suggested that a weak intermolecular interaction occurred between patulin and HSA. Overall, the results are potentially useful for elucidating the toxigenicity of patulin when it is combined with the biomolecular function effect, transmembrane transport, toxicological, testing and other experiments.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuqin
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guirong
authors.affiliation: College of Clinic, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caihong
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baoxiu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yurong
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004735:Energy Transfer; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010365:Patulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D010365:Patulin
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