title: Factor structure of the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the postpartum period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used screening tool for postpartum depression (PPD). Although the reliability and validity of EPDS in Japanese has been confirmed and the prevalence of PPD is found to be about the same as Western countries, the factor structure of the Japanese version of EPDS has not been elucidated yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  690 Japanese mothers completed all items of the EPDS at 1 month postpartum. We divided them randomly into two sample sets. The first sample set (n = 345) was used for exploratory factor analysis, and the second sample set was used (n = 345) for confirmatory factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result of exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor model consisting of anxiety, depression and anhedonia. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the anxiety and anhedonia factors existed for EPDS in a sample of Japanese women at 1 month postpartum. The depression factor varies by the models of acceptable fit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We examined EPDS scores. As a result, "anxiety" and "anhedonia" exist for EPDS among postpartum women in Japan as already reported in Western countries. Cross-cultural research is needed for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aleksic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiino
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamaji
authors.affiliation: Nihon Fukushi University Chuo College of Social Services, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Harue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Banno
authors.affiliation: Meijo University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tokiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Liaison Medical Marunouchi, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Law, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
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