title: The effect of fennel on pain quality, symptoms, and menstrual duration in primary dysmenorrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea symptoms and menorrheal duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trial study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Islamic Azad University, Toyserkan.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 female students were randomly divided in to two groups of intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40).
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention group was given one soft capsule Fennel (30 mg) every 4 hours, 3 days before menstruation till the 5th day and continued for 3 months. The control group received no medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The severity of samples pain was graded using a visual analogue scale. 5 standard questionnaires include of Visual analog scale pain (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire, the range of stress about dysmenorrheal (VASA), Perceived stress scale, Well being scale were filled out in intervals of before, during and after fennel capsule uptake. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software. P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of nausea intensity and weakness decreased to 1.93, and 2.88 after 3 months, whereas they were 2.37, 6.65 in control group which indicated a significant difference. Reduce the duration of menstrual period, a significant difference was found after two and three months of use. Concern in terms of quality and feelings of well-being after 1 and 3 months, was observed significant difference compared with before using.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the safety of herbal medicines, this drug can use to relieve dysmenorrheal signs and menstrual duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Toyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Toyserkan, Iran. Electronic address: Ghodsi2003@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghodsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Toyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Toyserkan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asltoghiri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002214:Capsules; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D030001:Foeniculum; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Fennel soft capsule; Menorrheal duration; Pain quality; Symptoms