title: Ribosomal DNA transcription in the dorsal raphe nucleus is increased in residual but not in paranoid schizophrenia.
abstract: The central serotonergic system is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, where the imbalance between dopamine, serotonin and glutamate plays a key pathophysiological role. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is the main source of serotonergic innervation of forebrain limbic structures disturbed in schizophrenia patients. The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded brains from 17 (8 paranoid and 9 residual) schizophrenia patients and 28 matched controls without mental disorders. The transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in DRN neurons was evaluated by the AgNOR silver-staining method. An increased rDNA transcriptional activity was found in schizophrenia patients in the cumulative analysis of all DRN subnuclei (t test, P = 0.02). Further subgroup analysis revealed that it was an effect specific for residual schizophrenia versus paranoid schizophrenia or control groups (ANOVA, P = 0.002). This effect was confounded neither by suicide nor by antipsychotic medication. Our findings suggest that increased activity of rDNA in DRN neurons is a distinct phenomenon in schizophrenia, particularly in residual patients. An activation of the rDNA transcription in DRN neurons may represent a compensatory mechanism to overcome the previously described prefrontal serotonergic hypofunction in this diagnostic subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzyżanowska
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brisch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mawrin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Hans-Gert
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bogerts
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism*; D065847:Dorsal Raphe Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016622:Silver Staining
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
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