title: Trading Population for Productivity: Theory and Evidence.
abstract: This research argues that the differential effect of international trade on the demand for human capital across countries has been a major determinant of the distribution of income and population across the globe. In developed countries the gains from trade have been directed towards investment in education and growth in income per capita, whereas a significant portion of these gains in less developed economies have been channeled towards population growth. Cross-country regressions establish that indeed trade has positive effects on fertility and negative effects on education in non-OECD economies, while inducing fertility decline and human capital formation in OECD economies.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Galor
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mountford
keywords: Demographic Transition; Growth; Human Capital; International Trade
references.citation: Rev Econ Stud. 2009 Jan;76(1):143-179
references.pmid: 23946551