title: Possible biological and translational significance of mast cells density in colorectal cancer.
abstract: Mast cells (MCs), located ubiquitously near blood vessels, are descended from CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells. Initially, although their role has been well defined in hypersensitivity reactions, the discovery of their sharing in both innate and adaptive immunity has allowed to redefine their crucial interplay on the regulatory function between inflammatory and tumor cells through the release of mediators granule-associated (mainly tryptase and vascular endothelial growth factor). In particular, in several animal and human malignancies it has been well demonstrated that activated c-Kit receptor (c-KitR) and tryptase (an agonist of the proteinase-activated receptor-2) take pivotal part in tumor angiogenesis after the MCs activation, contributing to tumor cells invasion and metastasis. In this review, we focused on crucial MCs density (MCD) role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression angiogenesis-mediated; then, we will analyze the principal studies that have focused on MCD as possible prognostic factor. Finally, we will consider a possible role of MCD as novel therapeutic target mainly by c-KitR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, masitinib) and tryptase inhibitors (gabexate and nafamostat mesylate) with the aim to prevent CRC progression.
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marech
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ammendola
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gadaleta
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zizzo
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cosmo Damiano
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gadaleta
authors.affiliation: Ilaria Marech, Caroline Oakley, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Girolamo Ranieri, Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Girolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ranieri
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins
keywords: Angiogenesis; Colorectal cancer; Mast cell density; Proteinase-activated receptor-2; Tryptase; Tryptase inhibitors; Tumor progression; Vascular endothelial growth factor; c-Kit receptor; c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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