title: Longitudinal changes in serum proinflammatory markers across pregnancy and postpartum: effects of maternal body mass index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The maternal immune system undergoes substantial changes to support healthy pregnancy. Although obesity is a primary driver of inflammation and predictive of perinatal complications, additive effects of pregnancy and obesity on changes in inflammatory processes are not well delineated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined serum proinflammatory markers interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP) during each trimester of pregnancy and 4-6 weeks postpartum among 57 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, IL-6 showed an increasing trend across pregnancy and significant increase at postpartum. Similarly, TNF-α increased significantly across gestation, with a further increase at postpartum. Both IL-8 and IL-1β showed a U-shaped curve, decreasing from early to later pregnancy, and increasing at postpartum. Finally, serum CRP decreased significantly across pregnancy, with further decreases at postpartum. Maternal obesity predicted higher IL-6 at each study visit. Obese women showed a trend toward elevated serum CRP during pregnancy, and significantly higher levels at postpartum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The course of pregnancy and postpartum is characterized by significant changes in serum proinflammatory mediators. Obese women show elevations in serum proinflammatory markers relative to normal weight women during pregnancy and postpartum. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which obesity-induced inflammation affects maternal and fetal health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Psychology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States. Electronic address: Lisa.Christian@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Cytokines; Inflammation; Obesity; Postpartum; Pregnancy
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