title: Tea saponin enhanced biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether by Brevibacillus brevis.
abstract: Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is a ubiquitous persistent pollutant and has contaminated the environment worldwide. To accelerate BDE209 elimination and reveal the mechanism concerned, the biosurfactant tea saponin enhanced degradation of BDE209 by Brevibacillus brevis was conducted. The results revealed that tea saponin could efficiently increase the solubility of BDE209 in mineral salts medium and improve its biodegradation. The degradation efficiency of 0.5 mg L(-1) BDE209 by 1 g L(-1) biomass with surfactant was up to 55% within 5d. Contact time was a significant factor for BDE209 biodegradation. BDE209 biodegradation was coupled with bioaccumulation, ion release and utilization, and debromination to lower brominated PBDE metabolites. During the biodegradation process, B. brevis metabolically released Na(+), NH4(+), NO2(-) and Cl(-), and utilized the nutrient ions Mg(2+), PO4(3-) and SO4(2-). GC-MS analysis revealed that the structure of BDE209 changed under the action of strain and nonabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-208, -207 and -206), octabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-203, -197 and -196) and heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183) were generated by debromination.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shaoyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jieqiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: huayin@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: jsye@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinshao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zehua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dang
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D058675:Brevibacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism*; D054879:Halogenation; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012503:Saponins; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013662:Tea; C483839:2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether; C512046:2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6,6'-nonabromodiphenyl ether
keywords: Biodegradation; Brevibacillus brevis; Decabromodiphenyl ether; Enhancement; Surfactant