title: Association of LMX1A genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to congenital scoliosis in Chinese Han population.
abstract: METHODS
  A genetic association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the LMX1A gene with congenital scoliosis (CS) in the Chinese Han population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether LMX1A genetic polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to CS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  CS is a lateral curvature of the spine due to congenital vertebral defects, whose exact genetic cause has not been well established. The LMX1A gene was suggested as a potential human candidate gene for CS. However, no genetic study of LMX1A in CS has ever been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 13 SNPs of the LMX1A gene in 154 patients with CS and 144 controls with matched sex and age. After conducting the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, the data of 13 SNPs were analyzed by the allelic and genotypic association with logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the genotype-phenotype association and haplotype association analysis were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 13 SNPs of the LMX1A gene met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls, which was not in the cases. None of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of these SNPs showed significant difference between case and control groups (P > 0.05). However, the genotypic frequencies of rs1354510 and rs16841013 in the LMX1A gene were associated with CS predisposition in the unconditional logistic regression analysis (P = 0.02 and 0.018, respectively). Genotypic frequencies of 3 SNPs at rs6671290, rs1354510, and rs16841013 were found to exhibit significant differences between patients with CS with failure of formation and the healthy controls (P = 0.019, 0.007, and 0.006, respectively). Besides, in the model analysis by using unconditional logistic regression analysis, the optimized model for the 3 genotypic positive SNPs with failure of formation were rs6671290 (codominant; P = 0.025, Akaike information value = 316.6, Bayesian information criterion = 333.9), rs1354510 (overdominant; P = 0.0017, Akaike information value = 312.1, Bayesian information criterion = 325.9), and rsl6841013 (overdominant; P = 0.0016, Akaike information value = 311.1, Bayesian information criterion = 325), respectively. However, the haplotype distributions in the case group were not significantly different from those of the control group in the 3 haplotype blocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify that the SNPs of the LMX1A gene might be associated with the susceptibility to CS and different clinical phenotypes of CS in the Chinese Han population.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China †Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong Province, China; and ‡Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Suomao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xinlin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shengru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shugang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yipeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; C078021:LMX1A protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors