title: Fungal negative-stranded RNA virus that is related to bornaviruses and nyaviruses.
abstract: Mycoviruses are widespread in nature and often occur with dsRNA and positive-stranded RNA genomes. Recently, strong evidence from RNA sequencing analysis suggested that negative-stranded (-)ssRNA viruses could infect fungi. Here we describe a (-)ssRNA virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1), isolated from a hypovirulent strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The complete genome of SsNSRV-1 is 10,002 nt with six ORFs that are nonoverlapping and linearly arranged. Conserved gene-junction sequences that occur widely in mononegaviruses, (A/U)(U/A/C)UAUU(U/A)AA(U/G)AAAACUUAGG(A/U)(G/U), were identified between these ORFs. The analyses 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends showed that all genes can be transcribed independently. ORF V encodes the largest protein that contains a conserved mononegaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. Putative enveloped virion-like structures with filamentous morphology similar to members of Filoviridae were observed both in virion preparation samples and in ultrathin hyphal sections. The nucleocapsids are long, flexible, and helical; and are 22 nm in diameter and 200-2,000 nm in length. SDS/PAGE showed that the nucleocapsid possibly contains two nucleoproteins with different molecular masses, ∼43 kDa (p43) and ∼41 kDa (p41), and both are translated from ORF II. Purified SsNSRV-1 virions successfully transfected a virus-free strain of S. sclerotiorum and conferred hypovirulence. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp showed that SsNSRV-1 is clustered with viruses of Nyamiviridae and Bornaviridae. Moreover, SsNSRV-1 is widely distributed, as it has been detected in different regions of China. Our findings demonstrate that a (-)ssRNA virus can occur naturally in fungi and enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of (-)ssRNA viruses.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology andThe Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lijiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiatao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiasen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology andThe Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology andThe Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China daohongjiang@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Daohong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D028981:Bornaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002043:Bunyaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005658:Fungi / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: biological control; fungal plant pathogen; mononegavirus; rapeseed stem rot
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