title: Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an update and implications for clinicians.
abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with high genetic influence. Antidepressants such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are widely accepted as the first-line medications for OCD; however, approximately 50% of OCD patients show poor response. Personalized medicine utilizing genetic testing has recently received much attention because the variability of antidepressant response and tolerability are partly due to an individual's genetic variations. This has led to researchers investigating the role of specific genetic factors on antidepressant response and utility of testing in the clinical realm. Genetic test panels are showing promise for guiding antidepressant treatment to improve outcomes in depression. This article will review the most recent findings in the pharmacogenetics of OCD and its related disorders. Promising results have been reported for several serotonergic and glutamatergic system genes and the cytochrome CYP450 liver enzyme genes, which appear to play an important role in OCD and antidepressant response.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Gwyneth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zai
authors.forename: Eva J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Brandl
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: OCD; antidepressant/drug/treatment response; cytochrome P450 drug metabolism/system; genetics; obsessive–compulsive and related disorders; obsessive–compulsive disorder; pharmacogenetics