title: Voluntary exercise under a food restriction condition decreases blood branched-chain amino acid levels, in addition to improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, in db mice, animal model of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise is effective for preventing the onset and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in human cases; however, the effect of exercise on the pathophysiology using animal models of T2DM has not been fully evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied voluntary exercise under pair-fed (P) conditions in db mice, an animal model of T2DM. Exercising (Ex) and sedentary (Se) mice were placed in a cage, equipped with a free or locked running wheel, for 4 weeks, respectively. The amount of food consumed by ad libitum-fed wild-type mice under the Se condition (ad-WT) was supplied to all mice, except ad libitum db mice (ad-db). Blood parameters and expression of the genes involved in nutrient metabolism were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEx-db (pair-fed and exercising) mice showed significantly lower HbA1c, body weight and liver weight than PSe-db and ad-db mice. Decreased hepatic triglycerides in PEx-db mice corresponded to a lower expression of lipogenic enzyme genes in the liver. Moreover, PEx-db mice showed significantly lower plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), arginine, proline, and tyrosine, in addition to increased skeletal muscle (SM) weight, than PSe-db and ad-db mice, in spite of little influence on the expression of the BCAA transaminase gene, in SM and WAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that exercise under a food restriction condition decreases several amino acids, including BCAA, and may improve insulin sensitivity more than mere food restriction. We propose that the decreased concentration of blood amino acids may be a valuable marker evaluating the effects of exercise on diabetic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
authors.forename: Ancah Caesarina Novi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marchianti
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: Miharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ushikai
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015444:Exercise; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005947:Glucose
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