title: Simple evaluation method for osteoinductive capacity of cells or scaffolds using ceramic cubes.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells are good candidates for the clinical application of bone repair because of their osteogenic differentiation potential, but in vivo osteoinduction potential should be verified for culture expanded cells before clinical application. This study analyzed in vivo bone formation by MSCs quantitatively after implantation of MSCs planted porous biphasic ceramic cubes into athymic mice. MSCs were divided into osteogenic differentiation-induced and normal groups and also tested in vitro to evaluate the degree of differentiation into osteoblasts. The osteogenic induced group showed higher alkaline phosphatase and calcium level in vitro and corresponding higher level of bone formation in vivo compared to control group. Whereas there was no bone formation observed in fibroblast-implanted negative control group. In critical sized bone defect models, commonly used for evaluation of bone regeneration ability, it is difficult to distinguish between osteoinduction and osteoconduction, and quantitative analysis is not simple. However, this method for evaluating osteoinduction is both accurate and simple. In conclusion, the analysis of in vivo bone formation using porous ceramic cubes is a powerful and simple method for evaluating the osteoinduction ability of target cells and, furthermore, can be applied for evaluation of scaffolds for their osteoinductive properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Hope Heart and Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: jdennis@benaroyaresearch.org.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002516:Ceramics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
keywords: Cube score; Mesenchymal stem cells; Osteoinduction; Porous ceramic cube; Quantitative analysis
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