title: Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus markers among children and adolescents.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV among children and adolescents attending schools and daycare centres in Rio de Janeiro State, located in southern Brazil. Serum samples from 1,217 individuals aged 0 to 18 years were collected from 1999 to 2012 and tested for HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV by ELISA. Reactive HBsAg and anti-HBc samples were tested for HBV DNA. Reactive anti-HCV samples were tested for HCV RNA and genotyped by RFLP. HBsAg was detected in 1.8% of individuals, and total anti-HBc was detected among 3.6% of individuals. Anti-HBs reactivity was found among 25.3% (322/1,217) of the individuals and increased from 6.28% in the years 1999-2000 to 76.2% in the years 2001-2012 (P < 0.0001). HBV DNA was detected in 18 of 51 individuals who presented with HBsAg or isolated anti-HBc, and nine were considered occult hepatitis B cases. Three individuals were anti-HCV- and HCV RNA-positive: two of them were infected with genotype 1, and the other was infected with genotype 3. Low levels of HBV and HCV markers were observed in children and adolescents. HBV immunity increased during the period of study, indicating that childhood universal HBV vaccination has been effective for controlling HBV infection in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 21040360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia Melo
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Technological Development of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 21040360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane Almeida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 21040360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adilson José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Technological Development of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 21040360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Salete
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 21040360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lia Laura
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lewis-Ximenez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 21040360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lampe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies
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