title: Rutin attenuates ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells by increasing aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.
abstract: Rutin is derived from buckwheat, apples, and black tea. It has been shown to have beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant and neurotoxin. Its metabolite, acetaldehyde, is critically toxic. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) metabolizes acetaldehyde into nontoxic acetate. This study examined rutin's effects on ALDH2 activity in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22 cells). Rutin's protective effects against acetaldehyde-based ethanol neurotoxicity were confirmed. Daidzin, an ALDH2 inhibitor, was used to clarify the mechanisms of rutin's protective effects. Cell viability was significantly increased after rutin treatment. Rutin significantly reversed ethanol-increased Bax, cytochrome c expression and caspase 3 activity, and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression in HT22 cells. Interestingly, rutin increased ALDH2 expression, while daidzin reversed this beneficial effect. Thus, this study demonstrates rutin protects HT22 cells against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity by increasing ALDH2 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kibbeum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sokho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: RT Practical Application Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Heum
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: RT Practical Application Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: RT Practical Application Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jkwon@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jungkee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D007529:Isoflavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000431:Ethanol; C013908:daidzin; D012431:Rutin; D045304:Cytochromes c; C515029:ALDH2 protein, mouse; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; Ethanol; Hippocampal neuronal cells; Neurotoxicity; Rutin