title: A Comparative Study on Physical Vulnerability of Urban Area against Natural Hazards: Importance of Health Promoting Approach in Civil Engineering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimation of urban vulnerability to earthquakes can be consid-ered as an Ill-structured problem in urban in both unplanned and planned areas. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) provides a way to integrate different spatial data layers in a geographic information system to create composite maps representing risk. We utilized MCE in a raster Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate risk in vulnerable tissues of Tabriz, Iran zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this MCE physical risk factors and sub-factors were included and were weighted by experts. Afterward data entered to GIS and then the layers of the criteria were exported. The obtained results were entered to IDRISI and fuzzified. Ultimately the final map of physical vulnerability was outputted by overlaying order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vulnerable tissues are highly consistent to non-official areas. However, the planned area which is called Valiasr is in low risky condition and this condition is desirable in crisis times. Here, we observe the preference of physical pre-planning operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The links between urban planning and health are many and varied. Environmental, social and economic conditions in cities can have both positive and negative influences on human health and centre. Urban planning and related professions play an important role in shaping those conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahadnezhad Reveshty
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kamelifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranjbarnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pashaiifar
keywords: Fuzzy approach; MCE; Physical vulnerability; Population health; Urban tissue
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