title: Apoptosis and the FLIP and NF-kappa B proteins as pharmacodynamic criteria for biosimilar TNF-alpha antagonists.
abstract: Various criteria are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of biological medications in order to grant companies the right to register these medications with the appropriate bodies that regulate their sale. The imminent expiration of the patents on reference biological products which block the cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) raises the possibility of bringing so-called biosimilars to the market (similar to the biologicals of reference products). This occurrence is inevitable, but criteria to adequately evaluate these medications are now needed. Even among controversy, there is a demand from publications correlating the pro-apoptotic mechanism of the original TNF-α antagonists (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. In this article, the authors discuss the possibility of utilizing the pro-apoptotic effect correlated with the regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins FLIP and NF-κB as new criteria for analyzing the pharmacodynamics of possible biosimilar TNF-α antagonists which should be submitted to regulatory agencies for evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Program, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo César Martins
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Program, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanete Thomaz
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Soccol
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valderilio Feijó
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Azevedo
keywords: FLIP; NF-κB; anti-TNF drugs; apoptosis; rheumatoid arthritis
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