title: Shared but overlooked: 30 species of Holarctic Microlepidoptera revealed by DNA barcodes and morphology.
abstract: This study reports 30 species of Lepidoptera previously known from either the Palearctic or the Nearctic that are newly recorded as Holarctic. For 28 of these species, their intercontinental distributions were initially detected through DNA barcode analysis and subsequently confirmed by morphological examination; two Palearctic species were first detected in North America through morphology and then barcoded. When possible, the origin and status of each species (introduced, overlooked Holarctic species, or unknowingly re-described) is discussed, and its morphology is diagnosed and illustrated. The species involved include Tineidae: Scardia amurensis Zagulajev, Triaxomera parasitella (Hübner), Nemapogon cloacella (Haworth), Elatobia montelliella (Schantz), Tinea svenssoni Opheim; Gracillariidae: Caloptilia suberinella (Tengström), Parornix betulae (Stainton); Phyllonorycter maestingella (Müller); Yponomeutidae: Paraswammerdamia albicapitella (Scharfenberg), P. conspersella (Tengström); Plutellidae: Plutella hyperboreella Strand; Lyonetiidae: Lyonetia pulverulentella Zeller; Autostichidae: Oegoconia deauratella (Herrich-Schäffer), O. novimundi (Busck); Blastobasidae: Blastobasis glandulella (Riley), B. maroccanella (Amsel), B. tarda Meyrick; Depressariidae: Agonopterix conterminella (Zeller), Depressaria depressana (F.); Coleophoridae: Coleophora atriplicis Meyrick, C. glitzella Hofmann, C. granulatella Zeller, C. texanella Chambers, C. vitisella Gregson; Scythrididae: Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer); Gelechiidae: Altenia perspersella (Wocke), Gnorimoschema jalavai Povolný, Scrobipalpa acuminatella (Sircom), Sophronia gelidella Nordman; Choreutidae: Anthophila fabriciana (L.); and Tortricidae: Phiaris bipunctana (F.). These cases of previously unrecognized faunal overlap have led to their redescription in several instances. Five new synonyms are proposed: Blastobasis glandulella (Riley, 1871) = B. huemeri Sinev, 1993, syn. nov.; B. tarda Meyrick, 1902 = Neoblastobasis ligurica Nel & Varenne, 2004, syn. nov.; Coleophora atriplicis Meyrick, 1928 = C. cervinella McDunnough, 1946, syn. nov.; C. texanella Chambers, 1878 = C. coxi Baldizzone & van der Wolf, 2007, syn. nov., and = C. vagans Walsingham, 1907, syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Blastobasis tarda Meyrick and Coleophora texanella Chambers. Type specimens were examined where pertinent to establish new synonymies. We identify 12 previously overlooked cases of species introductions, highlighting the power of DNA barcoding as a tool for biosurveillance.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.; Email: landryjf@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.; Email: nazariv@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Vazrick
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nazari
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada.; Email: dewaardj@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dewaard
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Email: marko.mutanen@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutanen
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR0633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075 Orléans, France; Email: dewaardj@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopez-Vaamonde
authors.affiliation: Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges.m.b.H., Feldstr. 11a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Email: p.huemer@tiroler-landesmuseen.at.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huemer
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada.; Email: phebert@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Paul D N
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hebert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D005260:Female; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D013045:Species Specificity