title: The critical role of the operating conditions on the Fenton oxidation of 2-chlorophenol: assessment of PCDD/Fs formation.
abstract: This work assesses the influence of the operating conditions H2O2 dose (20 or 100% of the stoichiometric amount), temperature (20 or 70°C), and the presence of chloride in the oxidation medium in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during Fenton treatment of aqueous samples of 2-chlorophenol, 2-CP, one of the strongest precursor of PCDD/Fs. After 4h of oxidation in the experiments carried out with 20% H2O2 chlorinated phenoxyphenols and biphenyls, which are intermediates in PCDD/Fs formation, as well as PCDD/Fs were observed, resulting in concentrations 11 times higher than in the untreated sample. Additionally, when NaCl was also present in the reaction medium, PCDD/Fs were formed at higher extent, with a total concentration 74.4 times higher than in the untreated 2-CP solution. Results depicted a preferential formation of PCDFs over PCDDs, with dominance of lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs (tetra and penta-PCDD/Fs). Besides, the formation of the most toxic PCDD/Fs congeners (2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs) was not favored under the operating conditions used in this work.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: M Fresnedo
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: San Román
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain. Electronic address: ortizi@unican.es.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irabien
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D002712:Chlorides; D002733:Chlorophenols; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; C023614:dibenzofuran; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; C030683:2-chlorophenol
keywords: 2-Chlorophenol; Chloride influence; Fenton oxidation; Hydrogen peroxide dose; PCDD/Fs formation; Temperature effect