title: Lipoprotein particle profiles compared with standard lipids in association with coronary artery calcification in the general Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The utility of lipoprotein particle profiles measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy beyond standard serum lipids remains inconclusive. Furthermore, few studies have compared NMR measurements with standard lipids in association with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in Japanese, where the coronary atherosclerotic burden is low. We examined whether NMR-based lipoprotein particle profiles are associated with CAC, and compared them with standard lipid and lipid ratios in the Japanese general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in 851 men aged 40-79 years without cardiovascular diseases and lipid-lowering therapies. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) for the top versus the bottom quartile of NMR-measured particle concentrations were 2.01 (1.24-3.23) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL-P), 1.04 (0.62-1.75) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL-P), 1.82 (1.13-2.95) for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-P), and 1.92 (1.18-3.17) for LDL-P/HDL-P ratio. Similarly adjusted ORs of NMR-measured particle sizes were 0.59 (0.36-0.97) for LDL-P, 0.66 (0.40-1.10) for HDL-P, and 0.67 (0.40-1.12) for VLDL-P. The corresponding ORs were 1.82 (1.14-2.90) for total cholesterol (TC), 2.06 (1.28-3.30) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 0.56 (0.34-0.91) for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 2.02 (1.24-3.29) for triglycerides, 2.08 (1.29-3.36) for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 2.27 (1.37-3.78) for TC/HDL-C ratio, and 1.73 (1.06-2.85) for LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. After mutual adjustment for total LDL-P concentration and TC/HDL-C ratio or non-HDL-C, LDL-P was no longer associated, whereas TC/HDL-C ratio remained significantly associated with CAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In community-based Japanese men, the overall association of CAC with NMR-measured lipoprotein indices is comparable, but not superior, to that with standard lipids.
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. Electronic address: hisataka@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010316:Particle Size; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: Coronary artery calcification; Epidemiology; Lipids; Lipoproteins