title: Effects of Smilaxchinoside A and Smilaxchinoside C, two steroidal glycosides from Smilax riparia, on hyperuricemia in a mouse model.
abstract: The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia, called 'Niu-Wei-Cai' in traditional Chinese medicine, are believed to be effective in treating the symptoms of gout. However, the active constituents and their uricosuric mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we isolated two steroidal glycosides, named smilaxchinoside A and smilaxchinoside C, from the total saponins obtained from the ethanol extract of the roots of S. riparia. We then examined if these two compounds were effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate. We observed that these two steroidal glycosides possess potent uricosuric activities, and the observed effects accompanied the reduction of renal mURAT1 and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase, which contribute to the enhancement of uric acid excretion and the reduction of hyperuricemia-induced renal dysfunction. Smilaxchinoside A and smilaxchinoside C may have a clinical utility in treating gout and other medical conditions caused by hyperuricemia.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical, Therapeutics and Diagnostics, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chong-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lide
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yan-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology; D032281:Smilax / Q000737:chemistry*; D013256:Steroids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014528:Uricosuric Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D006027:Glycosides; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; C109687:Slc22a12 protein, mouse; C105033:Slc22a6 protein, mouse; C498775:Slc2a9 protein, mouse; D013256:Steroids; D014528:Uricosuric Agents; C000600382:smilaxchinoside A; C000600383:smilaxchinoside C; D014527:Uric Acid; C489337:potassium oxonate; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: Liliaceae; Smilax riparia; hyperuricemia; smilaxchinoside A; smilaxchinoside C; steroidal glycosides