title: Evaluation of simple body composition methods: assessment of validity in prepubertal Chilean children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the validity of body fatness estimations based on skinfolds and bioelectrical iImpedance analyses (BIA) measurements compared to a three-component model (3C model) in prepubertal Chilean children, considering potential differences by sex and nutritional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and twenty four Chilean children (198 females and 226 males) were assessed for body composition. Body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated by Skinfold equations (Slaughter, Ramirez and Huang) and Bioelectrical impedance (BIA: Tanita BC-418MA) using both the equipment and the Ramirez equation. Measurements based on a 3C model constructed from total body water estimates by isotope dilution and from body volume estimates by air displacement plethysmography were used as gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coefficient of determination (R2) values were higher in overweight and in the whole group of both gender. All slopes were differed significantly from 1, and most intercepts were significantly different from 0. Skinfold Equations: an underestimation of BF% was found for all equations, being higher with the Slaughter equation. BIA: Tanita underestimated BF% in all groups, whereas Ramirez equation shows an overestimation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skinfolds and bio-impedance equations serve well to rank children according to their BF%. However, these methods are not accurate for describing body composition in prepubertal Chilean children.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: G D C
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Lopez de Romaña
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corvalán
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Uauy
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight; D010991:Plethysmography; D011627:Puberty; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
references.citation: Obes Res. 2003 Oct;11(10):1192-9
references.pmid: 14569044
references.citation: Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2006 Apr;450:76-85
references.pmid: 16817681
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Sep;62(9):1065-74
references.pmid: 17622262
references.citation: Bone. 2012 Nov;51(5):888-95
references.pmid: 22944607
references.citation: Obes Rev. 2001 Aug;2(3):141-7
references.pmid: 12120099
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Nov;57(11):1394-401
references.pmid: 14576752
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):980-90
references.pmid: 12399269
references.citation: Nutrition. 1993 Sep-Oct;9(5):480-91; discussion 480, 492
references.pmid: 8286893
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jun;18(6):1252-9
references.pmid: 19875994
references.citation: Obes Res. 2004 Nov;12(11):1797-804
references.pmid: 15601975
references.citation: Lancet. 1986 Feb 8;1(8476):307-10
references.pmid: 2868172
references.citation: J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2006 Apr;52(2):154-6
references.pmid: 16802697
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jan;18(1):183-9
references.pmid: 19498351
references.citation: Arch Dis Child. 2006 Jul;91(7):612-7
references.pmid: 16790722
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;21(3):415-30
references.pmid: 17875489
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 1992 Jun;82(6):687-93
references.pmid: 1320550
references.citation: Hum Biol. 1988 Oct;60(5):709-23
references.pmid: 3224965
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;66(10):1099-103
references.pmid: 22805494
references.citation: Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2006 Apr;450:38-46
references.pmid: 16817677
references.citation: J Physiol Biochem. 2003 Mar;59(1):51-60
references.pmid: 12903905
references.citation: Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):1226-43
references.pmid: 15380917
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;58(11):1479-84
references.pmid: 15138459
references.citation: Cardiol Rev. 2001 Jul-Aug;9(4):202-7
references.pmid: 11405900
references.citation: BMC Res Notes. 2011 Aug 18;4:301
references.pmid: 21851612
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):70-5
references.pmid: 15213030