title: Platelet-rich plasma enhanced umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-based bone tissue regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation and differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and explore the possibility that PRP combined with UC-MSCs may be useful for bone tissue regeneration in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proliferation potential of UC-MSCs was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The pluripotent differentiation capacity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression were further determined by ALP staining. The expression of osteoblast-associated genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. In addition, rat critical-sized calvarial defects were examined to evaluate bone regeneration in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRP enhanced UC-MSC proliferation, and 10% PRP caused the strongest ALP and Alizarin red staining. At 7 days, the expression levels of ALP, Collagen 1 (COL-1) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in the PRP group were higher than those in the FBS group. Newly regenerated bone was observed in the defect areas, and PRP combined with UC-MSCs can accelerate bone regeneration at an early stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our current data suggest that UC-MSCs may be utilized in alternative stem cell-based approaches for the reconstruction and regeneration of bone defects, and PRP combined with UC-MSCs can enhance bone regeneration in vivo.
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, PR China. Electronic address: wenyong@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Weiting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Jinan Stomatologic Hospital, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Meijiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Cuizhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, PR China. Electronic address: yangps@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Pishan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, PR China. Electronic address: xinxu@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012886:Skull; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Bone regeneration; Platelet-rich plasma (PRP); Tissue engineering; Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)