title: Objective evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fractional radiofrequency treatment for acne scars and enlarged pores in Asian skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ablative fractional lasers can effectively treat acne scars and enlarged pores, but cause considerable pain and downtime for patients, as well as potentially causing postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), especially in Asian skin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a novel bipolar radiofrequency (RF)-based fractional device to treat acne scars and enlarged pores in Asians with objective measurements and histologic assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one Korean patients with acne scars and enlarged pores received 4 consecutive fractional RF treatments at 3-week intervals. Outcome assessments included photography, global evaluation by investigators in a blind manner, patient assessment, objective biophysical measurements of elasticity and color, and histological changes compared with untreated lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up assessments by physicians 3 months after the last treatment revealed that patients showed clinical improvement. Patient self-assessments paralleled physicians' assessments. Objective biophysical measurements showed significant improvements in elasticity (R2, R5, and R7) and the melanin/erythema index, together with increases in the levels of procollagen Types I and III, as well as elastin. There were no cases of PIH, and adverse events were limited to mild ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractional bipolar RF provides clinical efficacy with safety in acne scars and enlarged pores through dermal matrix remodeling combined with tolerable epidermal ablation.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; †Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; ‡Louis Dermatology Clinic, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hae Woong
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Joo Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Mi Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000150:complications; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004548:Elasticity; D004549:Elastin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010858:Pigmentation; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D056910:Republic of Korea; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024043:Collagen Type II; D004549:Elastin