title: Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary origins of DNA polymerase X-family members.
abstract: Mammalian DNA polymerase (pol) β is the founding member of a large group of DNA polymerases now termed the X-family. DNA polymerase β has been kinetically, structurally, and biologically well characterized and can serve as a phylogenetic reference. Accordingly, we have performed a phylogenetic analysis to understand the relationship between pol β and other members of the X-family of DNA polymerases. The bacterial X-family DNA polymerases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae pol IV, and four mammalian X-family polymerases appear to be directly related. These enzymes originated from an ancient common ancestor characterized in two Bacillus species. Understanding distinct functions for each of the X-family polymerases, evolving from a common bacterial ancestor is of significant interest in light of the specialized roles of these enzymes in DNA metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
authors.forename: Rachelle J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bienstock
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States. Electronic address: wilson5@niehs.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: C109534:DNA polymerase X; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
keywords: DNA polymerase; Evolution; Genomics; Phylogenetic; Structure-function; X-family
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