title: Pedunculated intraventricular subependymoma: Review of the literature and illustration of classical presentation through a clinical case.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subependymomas are rare benign, noninvasive tumors, classified by the World Health Organization as low grade neoplasms. International data estimate their frequency between 0.2% and 0.7% of the intracranial tumors, and they usually are an incidental finding in autopsies. Preferably located in the fourth ventricle, these tumors tend to become symptomatic when they cause hydrocephalous by obstructing cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of a morbidly obese, hypertense, and diabetic patient, who presented with symptoms of gait ataxia, sphincter incontinence, and dysartria in relation to a pedunculated subependymoma in the left lateral ventricle. He underwent a biparietal craniotomy with a microscopic microsurgical approach, through which gross total resection was achieved. No perioperative complications ensued.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given their benign behavior and their excellent response to surgical treatment, subependymomas should be promptly diagnosed and surgically treated to avoid possible neurological damage when they become symptomatic.
authors.affiliation: University of Costa Rica, School of Medicine, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Durán
authors.affiliation: University of Costa Rica, School of Medicine, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Paseo Colón, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Tze-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Yeh-Hsieh
authors.affiliation: University of Costa Rica, School of Medicine, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, Calle 17, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salazar-Araya
keywords: Gait ataxia; intraventricular mass; pedunculated; subependymoma
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