title: Preparation and multiple antitumor properties of AuNRs/spinach extract/PEGDA composite hydrogel.
abstract: In this study, a novel composite hydrogel that contains spinach extract (SE), gold nanorods (AuNRs), and poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) is prepared through a one-step in situ photopolymerization under noninvasive 660 nm laser irradiation for localized antitumor activity. SE plays a role as a photoinitiator for initiating the formation of the PEGDA hydrogel and as an excellent photosensitizer for generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O2) with oxygen to kill tumor cells. AuNRs can be used as a photoabsorbing agent to generate heat from optical energy. Moreover, the introduction of AuNRs is conducive to the formation of the hydrogel and accelerates the rate of (1)O2 generation. The composite hydrogel shell, which has good biocompatibility on tumor cells, can prevent the photosensitizer from migrating to normal tissue and maintains a high concentration on lesions, thereby enhancing the curative effect. The combination of NIR light-triggered mild photothermal heating of AuNRs, the photodynamic treatment using SE, and localized gelation by photopolymerization exhibits a synergistic effect for the destruction of cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative innovation center of modern bio-manufacture and §Institute of Health Sciences, School of life Sciences, Anhui University , Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Buchang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fangzhi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shikuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Anjian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D038761:Photobleaching; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D010936:Plant Extracts; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; C437167:poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: antitumor; composite hydrogel; gold nanorods; in situ photodynamic therapy; photothermal; spinach extract