title: Size and age-concentration relationships for perfluoroalkyl substances in stingray livers from eastern Australia.
abstract: While the literature has reported a widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine biota, very limited studies have been dedicated to the southern hemisphere. Hepatic concentrations of nine PFAAs were analysed in 49 stranded stingrays from eastern Australia using liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and relationships with biological parameters (i.e. body size, age and sex) were investigated. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were the predominant compounds quantified, with hepatic concentrations varying from 2 to 117 and from 0.2 to 19 ng·g(-1) w.w., respectively. A negative correlation between the concentration of PFASs in the livers of 32 blue-spotted stingrays and the body size/age was found. This relationship was independent of the animal's sex. We postulate that the dependence on body size is related to differing uptake kinetics of the chemicals, after the sting rays were exposed to an increased level of the contaminants in their environment. Such a pollution event could be related to a severe flood event that occurred at this location a few months before the samples' collection. Our results indicate that the influence of the body size/age should be taken into account when estimating bioaccumulation parameters from environmental measurements or exposure levels of biota to PFASs.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baduel
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Foon Yin
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Moreton Bay Research Station, Dunwich, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jochen F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D002210:Caprylates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver; D008297:Male; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Biological parameters; Flood; Liver tissue; Perfluorinated compounds; Stingrays