title: Phylogenetic evidence for multiple intertypic recombinations in enterovirus B81 strains isolated in Tibet, China.
abstract: Enterovirus B81 (EV-B81) is a newly identified serotype within the species enterovirus B (EV-B). To date, only eight nucleotide sequences of EV-B81 have been published and only one full-length genome sequence (the prototype strain) has been made available in the GenBank database. Here, we report the full-length genome sequences of two EV-B81 strains isolated in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China during acute flaccid paralysis surveillance activities, and we also conducted an antibody seroprevalence study in two prefectures of Tibet. The sequence comparison and phylogenetic dendrogram analysis revealed high variability among the global EV-B81 strains and frequent intertypic recombination in the non-structural protein region of EV-B serotypes, suggesting high genetic diversity of EV-B81. However, low positive rates and low titers of neutralizing antibodies against EV-B81 were detected. Nearly 68% of children under the age of five had no neutralizing antibodies against EV-B81. Hence, the extent of transmission and the exposure of the population to this EV type are very limited. Although little is known about the biological and pathogenic properties of EV-B81 because of few research in this field owing to the limited number of isolates, our study provides basic information for further studies of EV-B81.
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuangli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
authors.lastname: Tsewang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010243:Paralysis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D012703:Serotyping; D018609:Tibet
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D012367:RNA, Viral
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