title: Three cases of concurrent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans.
abstract: Impaired cellular-mediated immunity is a known risk factor for both tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. However, pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis is rare. We herein describe three cases of concurrent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans. All patients had underlying diseases; all three had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and other underlying diseases were liver cirrhosis, malignancy, and rheumatoid arthritis requiring long-term steroid use. We also review other relevant reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakeya
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumikawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takazono
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosai
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Taiga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Misuzu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology