title: Clinical imaging in regenerative medicine.
abstract: In regenerative medicine, clinical imaging is indispensable for characterizing damaged tissue and for measuring the safety and efficacy of therapy. However, the ability to track the fate and function of transplanted cells with current technologies is limited. Exogenous contrast labels such as nanoparticles give a strong signal in the short term but are unreliable long term. Genetically encoded labels are good both short- and long-term in animals, but in the human setting they raise regulatory issues related to the safety of genomic integration and potential immunogenicity of reporter proteins. Imaging studies in brain, heart and islets share a common set of challenges, including developing novel labeling approaches to improve detection thresholds and early delineation of toxicity and function. Key areas for future research include addressing safety concerns associated with genetic labels and developing methods to follow cell survival, differentiation and integration with host tissue. Imaging may bridge the gap between cell therapies and health outcomes by elucidating mechanisms of action through longitudinal monitoring.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Naumova
authors.affiliation: 1] McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [2] Centre for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [3] Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [4] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modo
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [4] Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [5] Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Murry
authors.affiliation: 1] Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D044968:Regenerative Medicine
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