title: Decoding RAS isoform and codon-specific signalling.
abstract: RAS proteins are key signalling hubs that are oncogenically mutated in 30% of all cancer cases. Three genes encode almost identical isoforms that are ubiquitously expressed, but are not functionally redundant. The network responses associated with each isoform and individual oncogenic mutations remain to be fully characterized. In the present article, we review recent data defining the differences between the RAS isoforms and their most commonly mutated codons and discuss the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
authors.forename: Anna U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Newlaczyl
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
authors.forename: Fiona E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
authors.forename: Judy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coulson
authors.affiliation: *Division of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Prior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
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