title: A cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness analysis of proposed supervised injection facilities in Ottawa, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) are venues where people who inject drugs (PWID) have access to a clean and medically supervised environment in which they can safely inject their own illicit drugs. There is currently only one legal SIF in North America: Insite in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The responses and feedback generated by the evaluations of Insite in Vancouver have been overwhelmingly positive. This study assesses whether the above mentioned facility in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver needs to be expanded to other locations, more specifically that of Canada's capital city, Ottawa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study is aimed at contributing to the existing literature on health policy by conducting cost-benefit and cost-effective analyses for the opening of SIFs in Ottawa, Ontario. In particular, the costs of operating numerous SIFs in Ottawa was compared to the savings incurred; this was done after accounting for the prevention of new HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) infections. To ensure accuracy, two distinct mathematical models and a sensitivity analysis were employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity analyses conducted with the models reveals the potential for SIFs in Ottawa to be a fiscally responsible harm reduction strategy for the prevention of HCV cases--when considered independently. With a baseline sharing rate of 19%, the cumulative annual cost model supported the establishment of two SIFs and the marginal annual cost model supported the establishment of a single SIF. More often, the prevention of HIV or HCV alone were not sufficient to justify the establishment cost-effectiveness; rather, only when both HIV and HCV are considered does sufficient economic support became apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Funded supervised injection facilities in Ottawa appear to be an efficient and effective use of financial resources in the public health domain.
authors.affiliation: School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. eja2@sfu.ca.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jozaghi
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juneau
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000191:economics*; D009864:Ontario; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation*
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