title: Management of ostium secundum atrial septal defect in the era of percutaneous trans-catheter device closure: 7-Year experience at a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to review the single institutional experience of the repair of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) after the initiation of percutaneous trans-catheter device closure, to confirm the current management strategy and outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 2005 to December 2012, a total of 1026 (659 females, age 27±21 years) consecutive patients underwent the repair of ASD. Including eight patients who converted to surgical repair, 317 patients (31%) underwent surgical repair and 709 (69%) underwent trans-catheter device closure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An embolized device into the left atrium was surgically retrieved in one patient soon after trans-catheter device closure without any postoperative complications. The other patient developed left atrium to aorta fistula due to late erosion, and required the removal of implanted device and patch closure of fistula and ASD 3 months after trans-catheter device closure. Whereas serious central nerve system complications occurred in three patients after the surgical repair including a 75-year-old patient with postoperative transient atrial fibrillation who subsequently developed aspiration pneumonia and died; there were no mortalities and no morbidities associated with cranial nerve function after trans-catheter device closure. A number of patients approached through partial sternotomy with limited skin incision have increased per year, and the length of skin incision was 5.1±1.2cm in pediatric patients weighing less than 15kg (n=40), 6.9±1.9cm in the remaining pediatric patients (n=91), and 10.0±2.5cm in young adult females (n=10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous trans-catheter ASD closure was safely performed under the support of a surgical team. The cosmetic outcome of surgical closure is improving after initiation of partial sternotomy via limited skin incision for the pediatric population and young adult females. Prior to the treatment, the physicians must thoroughly inform patients and families of the advantages and disadvantages of both treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: thoashi@surg1.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kagisaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka Miura
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D056346:Sternotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amplatzer septal occlude; Atrial septal defect; Congenital heart disease; Open-heart surgery