title: Waning vaccine immunity in teenagers primed with whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccine: recent epidemiology.
abstract: The recent epidemics of pertussis (whooping cough) in parts of the USA and Australia have led to the largest numbers of annual cases reported in over half a century. These epidemics demonstrated a new pattern, with particularly high rates of disease among pre-adolescents and early adolescents. These high rates of pertussis coincided with the first cohorts vaccinated with purely acellular pertussis vaccine, which replaced whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine in the later 1990s in the USA and Australia. Studies undertaken during these epidemics provide new evidence of more rapid waning of acellular pertussis-containing vaccines and longer-term protection from effective wP-containing vaccines. There is evidence that receiving wP as at least the first dose of pertussis-containing vaccine provides greater and more long-lived protection, irrespective of the nature of subsequent doses. This evidence will be reviewed together with the immunobiology associated with both vaccines, and the implications for pertussis control discussed.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland, L4 Foundation Blg, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frith
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Snelling
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimwood
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D058872:Epidemics; D006801:Humans; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular
keywords: acellular pertussis vaccine; pertussis immunobiology; teenagers; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine efficacy; waning protection; whole-cell pertussis vaccine