title: Vibrio harveyi adheres to and penetrates tissues of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the first hours of contact.
abstract: Vibrio harveyi is a marine bacterial pathogen responsible for episodic epidemics generally associated with massive mortalities in many marine organisms, including the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. The aim of this study was to identify the portal of entry and the dynamics of infection of V. harveyi in the European abalone. The results indicate that the duration of contact between V. harveyi and the European abalone influences the mortality rate and precocity. Immediately after contact, the epithelial and mucosal area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland was colonized by V. harveyi. Real-time PCR analyses and culture quantification of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain of V. harveyi in abalone tissues revealed a high density of bacteria adhering to and then penetrating the whole gill-hypobranchial gland tissue after 1 h of contact. V. harveyi was also detected in the hemolymph of a significant number of European abalones after 3 h of contact. In conclusion, this article shows that a TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a powerful and useful technique for the detection of a marine pathogen such as V. harveyi in mollusk tissue and for the study of its infection dynamics. Thus, we have revealed that the adhesion and then the penetration of V. harveyi in European abalone organs begin in the first hours of contact. We also hypothesize that the portal of entry of V. harveyi in the European abalone is the area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland.
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France marion.cardinaud@gmail.com christine.paillard@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardinaud
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Annaïck
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbou
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capitaine
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bidault
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Antoine Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dujon
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moraga
authors.affiliation: UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France marion.cardinaud@gmail.com christine.paillard@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paillard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D005880:Gills / Q000382:microbiology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000382:microbiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014733:Vibrio / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
references.citation: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006 Aug;43(2):119-24
references.pmid: 16869892
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):310-7
references.pmid: 19342185
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Mar;74(6):1704-9
references.pmid: 18245234
references.citation: Dis Aquat Organ. 2002 Jun 21;50(1):35-43
references.pmid: 12152903
references.citation: Proteome Sci. 2010 Jul 13;8:39
references.pmid: 20626881
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Dec;289(1):34-40
references.pmid: 19054091
references.citation: Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Feb;30(2):691-9
references.pmid: 21195769
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Oct;71(10):5702-9
references.pmid: 16204478
references.citation: Dis Aquat Organ. 2002 Nov 7;52(1):39-46
references.pmid: 12517004
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2013 Nov;15(11):2937-50
references.pmid: 23819708
references.citation: Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Feb 28;129(3):229-36
references.pmid: 19131137
references.citation: J Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Jan 31;39(1):26-36
references.pmid: 16466635
references.citation: BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Feb 22;7:85
references.pmid: 16504059
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997 Jun;61(2):136-69
references.pmid: 9184008
references.citation: Environ Microbiol Rep. 2010 Feb;2(1):76-80
references.pmid: 23766001
references.citation: Dis Aquat Organ. 2002 Apr 5;48(3):221-31
references.pmid: 12033709
references.citation: J Microbiol Methods. 2009 May;77(2):191-7
references.pmid: 19318049