title: Enhancement of aerobic granulation by zero-valent iron in sequencing batch airlift reactor.
abstract: This study elucidates the enhancement of aerobic granulation by zero-valent iron (ZVI). A reactor augmented with ZVI had a start-up time of aerobic granulation (43 days) that was notably less than that for a reactor without augmentation (64 days). The former reactor also had better removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand and ammonium. Moreover, the mature granules augmented with ZVI had better physical characteristics and produced more extracellular polymeric substances (especially of protein). Three-dimensional-excitation emission matrix fluorescence showed that ZVI enhanced organic material diversity. Additionally, ZVI enhanced the diversity of the microbial community. Fe(2+) dissolution from ZVI helped reduce the start-up time of aerobic granulation and increased the extracellular polymeric substance content. Conclusively, the use of ZVI effectively enhanced aerobic granulation.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address: kongqiang0531@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Huu Hao
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Rong-Shu
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address: mingshengmiao@163.com.
authors.forename: Ming-sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D007501:Iron; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Aerobic granulation; Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); Microbial community; Zero-valent iron (ZVI)