title: Adipose induces myoblast differentiation and mediates TNFα-regulated myogenesis.
abstract: Skeletal muscle formation is controlled by multiple processes. These processes are tightly regulated by muscle regulatory factors. Genes that are highly and specifically expressed during myogenesis need to be identified. In the present study, the role of an anti-adipogenic gene adipose (Adp) in myogenesis is demonstrated. We discover that the expression of Adp is increased during myoblast differentiation. Overexpression of Adp in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells leads to an increase of myogenesis and up-regulation of MyoG expression. The inhibition effect of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on myogenic differentiation is reversed by Adp-overexpression. Further research showed that TNFα significantly decreases Adp expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Luciferase reporter assays showed that TNFα can inhibit Adp gene promoter activity and impair gene transcription. KLF15 was found to regulate the transcription of Adp. Furthermore, the expression of KLF15 and its binding to Adp promoter were reduced due to TNFα treatment. The reduced KLF15 expression after TNFα treatment is responsible for the repression of Adp gene promoter activity. KLF15 was also found to participate in Adp-mediated myogenic differentiation. Taken together, these data identify Adp as a positive modulator of myoblast differentiation and provide new insights for Adp function research.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: longqq@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qinqiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Zifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China.
authors.forename: Fenyun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China. Electronic address: yangzq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zaiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C467418:Klf15 protein, mouse; C527990:Wdtc1 protein, mouse; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
keywords: Adipose (Adp); KLF15; Myogenesis; TNFα; Transcriptional regulation