title: Electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions with inorganic, organic and bio-materials.
abstract: As heavy metal ions severely harm human health, it is important to develop simple, sensitive and accurate methods for their detection in environment and food. Electrochemical detection featured with short analytical time, low power cost, high sensitivity and easy adaptability for in-situ measurement is one of the most developed methods. This review introduces briefly the recent achievements in electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions with inorganic, organic and bio-materials modified electrodes. In particular, the unique properties of inorganic nanomaterials, organic small molecules or their polymers, enzymes and nucleic acids for detection of heavy metal ions are highlighted. By employing some representative examples, the design and sensing mechanisms of these electrodes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China. Electronic address: hxju@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huangxian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009930:Organic Chemicals
keywords: Biomaterials; Electrochemical detection; Electrochemical sensors; Heavy metal ions; Inorganic nanomaterials; Organic materials