title: Internal three-dimensional strains in human intervertebral discs under axial compression quantified noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging and image registration.
abstract: Study objectives were to develop, validate, and apply a method to measure three-dimensional (3D) internal strains in intact human discs under axial compression. A custom-built loading device applied compression and permitted load-relaxation outside of the magnet while also maintaining compression and hydration during imaging. Strain was measured through registration of 300 μm isotropic resolution images. Excellent registration accuracy was achieved, with 94% and 65% overlap of disc volume and lamellae compared to manual segmentation, and an average Hausdorff, a measure of distance error, of 0.03 and 0.12 mm for disc volume and lamellae boundaries, respectively. Strain maps enabled qualitative visualization and quantitative regional annulus fibrosus (AF) strain analysis. Axial and circumferential strains were highest in the lateral AF and lowest in the anterior and posterior AF. Radial strains were lowest in the lateral AF, but highly variable. Overall, this study provided new methods that will be valuable in the design and evaluation surgical procedures and therapeutic interventions.
authors.forename: Jonathon H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peloquin
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Nick J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tustison
authors.forename: Sung M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vresilovic
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007403:Intervertebral Disc; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 1987;5(4):467-78
references.pmid: 3681521
references.citation: Skeletal Radiol. 2011 May;40(5):543-51
references.pmid: 20878155
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Sep 1;26(17):1873-8
references.pmid: 11568697
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Dec 1;26(23):2601-6
references.pmid: 11725242
references.citation: Front Neuroinform. 2013 Dec 23;7:39
references.pmid: 24409140
references.citation: Bone. 1999 Dec;25(6):713-24
references.pmid: 10593417
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 1;31(3):1116-28
references.pmid: 16545965
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Mar 15;20(6):689-98
references.pmid: 7604345
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 1989;7(1):122-31
references.pmid: 2908903
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984 Mar;9(2):120-34
references.pmid: 6233710
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Oct 1;36(21):1765-71
references.pmid: 21394074
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991 Jun;16(6):641-6
references.pmid: 1862403
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 1987;5(3):348-55
references.pmid: 3625358
references.citation: J Biomech. 2012 May 11;45(8):1534-9
references.pmid: 22503578
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1980 Jan-Feb;5(1):46-55
references.pmid: 7361198
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 May 1;26(9):E174-81
references.pmid: 11337634
references.citation: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001 Feb;16(2):121-8
references.pmid: 11222930
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 May 15;24(10):1015-22
references.pmid: 10332795
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Mar;71(3):1231-7
references.pmid: 23650022
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Dec 1;32(25):2860-8
references.pmid: 18246009
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992 Jan;17(1):66-73
references.pmid: 1536017
references.citation: Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2002;216(5):299-314
references.pmid: 12365788
references.citation: J Biomech. 1996 Oct;29(10):1331-9
references.pmid: 8884478
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Feb 1;32(3):328-33
references.pmid: 17268264
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985 Oct;67(8):1206-14
references.pmid: 4055845
references.citation: J Biomech. 2005 Nov;38(11):2164-71
references.pmid: 16154403
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 May;31(5):1236-41
references.pmid: 20432362
references.citation: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2011 Oct;4(7):933-42
references.pmid: 21783103
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990 May;15(5):402-10
references.pmid: 2363068
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993 Jan;18(1):128-35
references.pmid: 8434313
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2011 Nov;30(11):1901-20
references.pmid: 21632295
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2004 Jan;32(1):70-6
references.pmid: 14964723
references.citation: J Magn Reson. 2011 May;210(1):113-22
references.pmid: 21402488
references.citation: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2003 Aug;50(8):1038-40
references.pmid: 12892332
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Apr 15;24(8):755-62
references.pmid: 10222525
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2006 Jan;25(1):94-112
references.pmid: 16398418
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996 Nov;78(6):965-72
references.pmid: 8951017
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 Oct;189(4):936-42
references.pmid: 17885068
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1982 Aug;104(3):187-92
references.pmid: 7120942
references.citation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Aug;31(7):1278-82
references.pmid: 20360340
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 2011 Apr;29(4):547-55
references.pmid: 21337394
references.citation: IEEE Trans Image Process. 2009 Mar;18(3):624-35
references.pmid: 19171516
references.citation: Med Phys. 1996 Jun;23(6):815-50
references.pmid: 8798169
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978 May;60-B(2):246-51
references.pmid: 659474
references.citation: Med Image Anal. 2008 Feb;12(1):26-41
references.pmid: 17659998
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Oct 1;30(19):2129-37
references.pmid: 16205337
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Mar 15;33(6):E166-73
references.pmid: 18344845
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2011 Feb 1;54(3):2033-44
references.pmid: 20851191
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Jul 1;46(3):786-802
references.pmid: 19195496
references.citation: Med Eng Phys. 1996 Mar;18(2):99-104
references.pmid: 8673325
references.citation: J Biomech. 2007;40(11):2457-66
references.pmid: 17198708
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Oct;12(10):1721-8
references.pmid: 9333134
references.citation: Radiology. 1985 Sep;156(3):699-701
references.pmid: 4023228
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Aug 15;26(16):1753-9
references.pmid: 11493846