title: Food allergy: diagnosis, management & emerging therapies.
abstract: IgE-mediated food allergy is an important health concern with increasing prevalence worldwide. Manifestations of IgE-mediated food allergy include urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, difficulty in breathing, laryngeal oedema, vomiting, diarrhoea and/or hypotension within minutes to two hours of the offending food's ingestion. Diagnosis requires both a careful history and supportive testing with laboratory studies and possibly oral food challenges. Current treatment of food allergy focuses on avoidance of the allergen and prompt emergency management of reactions. Epinephrine autoinjectors are provided to patients for the treatment of severe reactions. More research is needed to determine the optimal timing with which to introduce common allergens into a child's diet to possibly prevent the development of food allergy. Novel therapies are under investigation given the difficulty of allergen avoidance and the potentially fatal nature of reactions. Both allergen specific therapies such as oral, sublingual and epicutaneous immunotherapy and allergen non-specific therapies such the Chinese herbal formula FAHF-2 and omalizumab show promise though more data on efficacy and long-term safety are needed before these therapies become mainstream.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy & Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel Glick
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Robison
mesh_terms: D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: C497376:Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D004837:Epinephrine
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