title: Accuracy of specimen-specific nonlinear finite element analysis for evaluation of distal radius strength in cadaver material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distal radius fracture, which often occurs in the setting of osteoporosis, can lead to permanent deformity and disability. Great effort has been directed toward developing noninvasive methods for evaluating the distal radius strength, with the goal of assessing fracture risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate distal radius strength using a finite element model and to gauge the accuracy of finite element model measurement using cadaver material.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten wrists were obtained from cadavers with a mean age of 89.5 years at death. CT images of each wrist in an extended position were obtained. CT-based finite element models were prepared with Mechanical Finder software. Fracture on the models was simulated by applying a mechanical load to the palm in a direction parallel to the forearm axis, after which the fracture load and the site at which the fracture began were identified. For comparison, the wrists were fractured using a universal testing machine and the fracture load and the site of fracture were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fracture load was 970.9 N in the finite element model group and 990.0 N in the actual measurement group. The site of the initial fracture was extra-articular to the distal radius in both groups. The finite element model was predictive for distal radius fracture when compared to the actual measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, a finite element model for evaluation of distal radius strength was validated and can be used to predict fracture risk. We conclude that a finite element model is useful for the evaluation of distal radius strength. Knowing distal radius strength might avoid distal radius fracture because appropriate antiosteoporotic treatment can be initiated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan, y-m-1211@khaki.plala.or.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuniyoshi
authors.forename: Takane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sukegawa
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rokkaku
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011884:Radius / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*