title: Zn(2+) induces hyperpolarization by activation of a K(+) channel and increases intracellular Ca(2+) and pH in sea urchin spermatozoa.
abstract: Zinc (Zn(2+)) has been recently recognized as a crucial element for male gamete function in many species although its detailed mechanism of action is poorly understood. In sea urchin spermatozoa, Zn(2+) was reported as an essential trace ion for efficient sperm motility initiation and the acrosome reaction by modulating intracellular pH (pHi). In this study we found that submicromolar concentrations of free Zn(2+) change membrane potential (Em) and increase the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) and cAMP in Lytechinus pictus sperm. Our results indicate that the Zn(2+) response in sperm of this species mainly involves an Em hyperpolarization caused by K(+) channel activation. The pharmacological profile of the Zn(2+)-induced hyperpolarization indicates that the cGMP-gated K(+) selective channel (tetraKCNG/CNGK), which is crucial for speract signaling, is likely a main target for Zn(2+). Considering that Zn(2+) also induces [Ca(2+)]i fluctuations, our observations suggest that Zn(2+) activates the signaling cascade of speract, except for an increase in cGMP, and facilitates sperm motility initiation upon spawning. These findings provide new insights about the role of Zn(2+) in male gamete function.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina y Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guanajuato; Campus León. Guanajuato CP 37320, México.
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Miranda
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México CP 50000, México.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Granados-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), México D. F. CP 07360, México.
authors.forename: Lucia García
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: de De la Torre
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darszon
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D047331:Lytechinus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D009842:Oligopeptides; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; C028364:speract; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium; Membrane potential; Potassium channels; Zinc; cAMP; pH
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