title: Evaluation of metformin hydrochloride in Wistar rats by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy: A convenient tool in the clinical study of diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The IR absorption patterns (in cm(-1)) provide the basis to distinguish among the constituents and to separately quantify as well as qualify them and they possess many advantages such as very small sample volume requirement, good precision over entire physiological range, avoid of costly disposables, wealth of information from a single spectral measurement. The efficacy of anti-diabetic drug metformin hydrochloride as used to treat diabetic-induced Wistar rats and their sera were analyzed by FT-IR (ATR) in absorption mode.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present work was attempted in the study of normal and antidiabetic regimen-treated rat blood samples using FTIR spectroscopy by the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) sampling technique. The biomolecule characteristics were measured as intensity ratio parameter (IRP) values and interpreted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To quantify the results three IRPs such as R1, R2 and R3 were calculated, respectively, for lipid, protein, and glucose. The glucose IRP value R3 showed, 0.3802, 0.3304, and 0.2847, respectively, for diseased, metformin-treated, and normal rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IRP values for glucose are compared to the glucose level obtained by using a glucometer. This study can be conveniently used in diagnostic procedures, patient compliance assessment, and efficacy evaluation of metformin hydrochlorides.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
authors.forename: Y Padmanabha
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
authors.forename: K Vinod
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zawiya University, Zawiya, Lybia.
authors.forename: Babu Rao
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chandu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajendran
keywords: Fourier transform; Infrared spectroscopy; antidiabetic; blood glucose; metformin
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