title: Catheter displacement prior to the delivery of high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to report measured catheter displacement prior to the delivery of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR) in the treatment of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 30 prostate cancer patients treated with HDR brachytherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Eighteen transperineal hollow catheters were inserted under transrectal ultrasound guidance. Gold marker seeds were also placed transperineally into the base and apex of the prostate gland. Five treatment fractions of 7.5 Gy each were administered over 3 days. The patient underwent CT scanning prior to each treatment fraction. Catheter displacement was measured from the pre-treatment CT dataset reconstructed at 1.25 mm slice thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of catheters were displaced in the caudal direction. Variations of 18 catheters for each patient were small (standard deviations < 1 mm for all but one patient). Mean displacements relative to the apex marker were 6 ± 4 mm, 12 ± 6 mm, 12 ± 6 mm, 12 ± 6 mm, and 12 ± 6 mm from plan to 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd), 4(th), and 5(th) fractions, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that catheter positions must be confirmed and if required, adjusted, prior to every treatment fraction for the precise treatment delivery of HDR brachytherapy, and to potentially reduce over-dosage to the bulbo-membranous urethra.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terazaki
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Shouko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamura
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
keywords: brachytherapy; catheter displacement; high-dose-rate; prostate cancer
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