title: Effects of lead on the morphology and structure of the nucleolus in the root tip meristematic cells of Allium cepa L.
abstract: To study the toxic mechanisms of lead (Pb) in plants, the effects of Pb on the morphology and structure of the nucleolus in root tip meristematic cells of Allium cepa var. agrogarum L. were investigated. Fluorescence labeling, silver-stained indirect immunofluorescent microscopy and western blotting were used. Fluorescence labeling showed that Pb ions were localized in the meristematic cells and the uptake and accumulation of Pb increased with treatment time. At low concentrations of Pb (1-10 μM) there were persistent nucleoli in some cells during mitosis, and at high concentration (100 μM) many of the nucleolar organizing regions were localized on sticky chromosomes in metaphase and anaphase cells. Pb induced the release of particles containing argyrophilic proteins to be released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. These proteins contained nucleophosmin and nucleolin. Pb also caused the extrusion of fibrillarin from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Western blotting demonstrated the increased expression of these three major nucleolar proteins under Pb stress.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. xiaoxiaojiangze@126.com.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. 13821201341@163.com.
authors.forename: Huaning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. qinrong19870325@163.com.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. skyzjh@mail.tjnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. wang_junran@126.com.
authors.forename: Junran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. qys19891371@126.com.
authors.forename: Qiuyue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. jiangwusheng@mail.tjnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wusheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. donghua@mail.zlnet.com.cn.
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D018519:Meristem / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019697:Onions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009698:Nucleoproteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D007854:Lead
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