title: Modeling epigenome folding: formation and dynamics of topologically associated chromatin domains.
abstract: Genomes of eukaryotes are partitioned into domains of functionally distinct chromatin states. These domains are stably inherited across many cell generations and can be remodeled in response to developmental and external cues, hence contributing to the robustness and plasticity of expression patterns and cell phenotypes. Remarkably, recent studies indicate that these 1D epigenomic domains tend to fold into 3D topologically associated domains forming specialized nuclear chromatin compartments. However, the general mechanisms behind such compartmentalization including the contribution of epigenetic regulation remain unclear. Here, we address the question of the coupling between chromatin folding and epigenome. Using polymer physics, we analyze the properties of a block copolymer model that accounts for local epigenomic information. Considering copolymers build from the epigenomic landscape of Drosophila, we observe a very good agreement with the folding patterns observed in chromosome conformation capture experiments. Moreover, this model provides a physical basis for the existence of multistability in epigenome folding at sub-chromosomal scale. We show how experiments are fully consistent with multistable conformations where topologically associated domains of the same epigenomic state interact dynamically with each other. Our approach provides a general framework to improve our understanding of chromatin folding during cell cycle and differentiation and its relation to epigenetics.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5672, Lyon 69007, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR 1142, Montpellier 34000, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrivain
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR 1142, Montpellier 34000, France cedric.vaillant@ens-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5672, Lyon 69007, France cedric.vaillant@ens-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaillant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D002843:Chromatin; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins
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