title: No evidence for a global male-specific lethal complex-mediated dosage compensation contribution to the demasculinization of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome.
abstract: In Drosophila melanogaster males, the expression of X-linked genes is regulated by mechanisms that operate on a chromosomal scale. One such mechanism, male-specific lethal complex-dependent X-linked dosage compensation, is thought to broadly enhance the expression of male X-linked genes through two-fold transcriptional upregulation. The evolutionary consequences of this form of dosage compensation are not well understood, particularly with regard to genes more highly expressed in males. It has been observed the X chromosome arrangement of these male-biased genes is non-random, consistent with what one might expect if there is a selective advantage for male-biased genes to avoid dosage compensation. Separately, it has been noted that the male-specific lethal complex and its dosage compensation mechanism appear absent in some male tissues, thus providing a control for the selection hypothesis. Here we utilized publicly available datasets to reassess the arrangement of X-linked male-biased expressed genes after accounting for expression in tissues not dosage compensated by the male-specific lethal complex. Our results do not corroborate previous observations supporting organismal-wide detrimental effects by dosage compensation on X-linked male-biased expressed genes. We instead find no evidence that dosage compensation has played a role in the arrangement of dosage compensated male-biased genes on the X chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Vensko
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000502:physiology; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D050172:Genes, X-Linked / Q000502:physiology; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C070837:mle protein, Drosophila; C082132:msl-1 protein, Drosophila; C094166:msl-2 protein, Drosophila; C093904:msl-3 protein, Drosophila; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C111063:mof protein, Drosophila; D004265:DNA Helicases
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2009 Mar;41(3):299-307
references.pmid: 19234471
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2005 Oct 1;19(19):2284-8
references.pmid: 16204179
references.citation: Genome Biol Evol. 2009 Jul 07;1:176-88
references.pmid: 20333188
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):115-8
references.pmid: 21368835
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2005 Oct 1;19(19):2289-94
references.pmid: 16204180
references.citation: Mech Dev. 1998 Feb;71(1-2):107-17
references.pmid: 9507080
references.citation: BMC Biol. 2012 Jun 12;10:49; author reply 50
references.pmid: 22691264
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2012 Jan 18;13(2):123-34
references.pmid: 22251873
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2010 Mar 16;8(3):e1000335
references.pmid: 20305719
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 1;20(7):871-83
references.pmid: 16547175
references.citation: BMC Biol. 2011 May 04;9:29
references.pmid: 21542906
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2005 Mar 1;21(5):650-9
references.pmid: 15388519
references.citation: Genetics. 2006 Dec;174(4):1859-66
references.pmid: 17028315
references.citation: Genome Biol Evol. 2012;4(10):1007-16
references.pmid: 22975718
references.citation: Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):844-7
references.pmid: 16469925
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8287-91
references.pmid: 12829796
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2008 Dec;4(12):e1000302
references.pmid: 19079572
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Sep 25;389(6649):349-52
references.pmid: 9311776
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2007 Oct;5(10):e273
references.pmid: 17927450
references.citation: Cell. 2008 Aug 22;134(4):599-609
references.pmid: 18724933
references.citation: Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1742-5
references.pmid: 12805547
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 1;20(7):848-57
references.pmid: 16547173
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2006 Oct 15;22(20):2577-9
references.pmid: 16882652
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2011 Jul 14;12:364
references.pmid: 21756339
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2010 Aug 24;20(16):1476-81
references.pmid: 20705467
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2007 Aug 15;21(16):2030-40
references.pmid: 17699750
references.citation: J Mol Evol. 2009 May;68(5):576-83
references.pmid: 19407921
references.citation: Genome Res. 2012 Jul;22(7):1255-65
references.pmid: 22499666
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2004;5(6):R40
references.pmid: 15186491
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2007 Jun;39(6):715-20
references.pmid: 17534367
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jan;69(1):182-6
references.pmid: 4621547
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1986 Dec;118(2):379-84
references.pmid: 3098595
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Nov 8;450(7167):238-41
references.pmid: 17994090
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Aug;16(8):825-32
references.pmid: 19648925
references.citation: Genome Res. 2009 May;19(5):897-903
references.pmid: 19251740
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2007;8(1):R11
references.pmid: 17233920
references.citation: Genome Res. 2002 Dec;12(12):1854-9
references.pmid: 12466289
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan;41(Database issue):D751-7
references.pmid: 23125371