title: Evaluation of tumor response to cytokine-induced killer cells therapy in malignant solid tumors.
abstract: CIK cells therapy has been evaluated as an adoptive cell immunotherapy for cancer patients, but there still have not been any standardized systems for evaluating the antitumor efficacy yet. The WHO and RECIST criteria have already been established for a few years but not sufficient to fully characterize the activity of immunotherapy. Based on these two criteria, the irRC was proposed for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy. A variety of bioassays for immune monitoring including the specific and non-specific methods, have been established. We recommend detect levels of various immunocytes, immune molecules and soluble molecules to find the correlations among them and clinicopathological characteristics to establish criteria for immunological classification. We also recommend a paradigm shift for the oncologists in the evaluation of immune therapies to ensure assessment of activity based on clinically relevant criteria and time points.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Binfeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chang-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing-Ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055612:Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 26;105(8):3005-10
references.pmid: 18287062
references.citation: Haematologica. 2010 Sep;95(9):1579-86
references.pmid: 20378565
references.citation: Leuk Lymphoma. 2003 Sep;44(9):1457-62
references.pmid: 14565644
references.citation: Blood. 1998 Dec 1;92(11):4248-55
references.pmid: 9834230
references.citation: Cell. 1994 Mar 25;76(6):977-87
references.pmid: 8137431
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Jul-Aug;62(4):220-41
references.pmid: 22700443
references.citation: Cytotherapy. 2010 May;12(3):425-8
references.pmid: 20078383
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jan 1;23(1):242-4
references.pmid: 15625381
references.citation: Chin J Cancer. 2010 Jun;29(6):596-602
references.pmid: 20507732
references.citation: J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:435745
references.pmid: 20368995
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Sep 22;102(18):1388-97
references.pmid: 20826737
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2009 Jan;45(2):228-47
references.pmid: 19097774
references.citation: Clin Transl Oncol. 2012 Feb;14(2):102-8
references.pmid: 22301398
references.citation: J Immunother. 2007 Jan;30(1):1-15
references.pmid: 17198079
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Sep 17;100(18):1280-1
references.pmid: 18780859
references.citation: Immunity. 2009 Oct 16;31(4):527-8
references.pmid: 19833080
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Dec;80(6):1345-53
references.pmid: 16997856
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2001 Nov;94(4):531-9
references.pmid: 11745440
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Feb;7(2):95-106
references.pmid: 17251916
references.citation: J Transl Med. 2013 Mar 28;11:83
references.pmid: 23536996
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 15;12(6):1859-67
references.pmid: 16551871
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Apr 15;10(8):1146-51
references.pmid: 15069715
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 1996 Oct;7(8):871-2
references.pmid: 8922207
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008 Sep;5(9):557-61
references.pmid: 18665147
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun 14;11(22):3339-45
references.pmid: 15948236
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2002 Jan;116(1):78-86
references.pmid: 11841399
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Jan-Feb;62(1):10-29
references.pmid: 22237781
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1443-51
references.pmid: 19228745
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 1;15(17):5591-8
references.pmid: 19671877
references.citation: J Immunother. 2002 Mar-Apr;25(2):97-138
references.pmid: 12074049
references.citation: J Immunother. 2005 Jan-Feb;28(1):63-72
references.pmid: 15614046
references.citation: Int Rev Immunol. 2003 May-Aug;22(3-4):283-319
references.pmid: 12745643
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008 Mar;57(3):285-8
references.pmid: 17721782
references.citation: Acta Histochem. 2006;108(1):19-24
references.pmid: 16530813
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2006 May-Jun;26(3B):2237-42
references.pmid: 16821594
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Nov;59(11):1707-14
references.pmid: 20725832
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Nov 1;125(9):2104-13
references.pmid: 19621448
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1991 Jul 1;174(1):139-49
references.pmid: 1711560
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Dec 1;15(23):7412-20
references.pmid: 19934295
references.citation: Exp Hematol. 2005 Jun;33(6):671-81
references.pmid: 15911091
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2003 Sep;94(9):802-8
references.pmid: 12967479
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2010 Feb;11(2):155-64
references.pmid: 20004617
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6B):3997-4002
references.pmid: 19192663
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Feb 2;92(3):205-16
references.pmid: 10655437
references.citation: Cell Immunol. 1996 Apr 10;169(1):85-90
references.pmid: 8612299
references.citation: J Clin Immunol. 2007 May;27(3):317-26
references.pmid: 17468835
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011 Mar;60(3):433-42
references.pmid: 21221967
references.citation: Nature. 1994 May 5;369(6475):31-7
references.pmid: 8164737
references.citation: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb;137(2):305-10
references.pmid: 20407789
references.citation: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005 Mar;11(3):181-7
references.pmid: 15744236
references.citation: Exp Hematol. 2011 Sep;39(9):897-903.e1
references.pmid: 21703986
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2002 Jun;8(3):464-8
references.pmid: 12046071