title: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging sequences for depicting the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation.
abstract: Electrodes are surgically implanted into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of Parkinson's disease patients to provide deep brain stimulation. For ensuring correct positioning, the anatomic location of the STN must be determined preoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging has been used for pinpointing the location of the STN. To identify the optimal imaging sequence for identifying the STN, we compared images produced with T2 star-weighted angiography (SWAN), gradient echo T2*-weighted imaging, and fast spin echo T2-weighted imaging in 6 healthy volunteers. Our comparison involved measurement of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the STN and substantia nigra and a radiologist's interpretations of the images. Of the sequences examined, the CNR and qualitative scores were significantly higher on SWAN images than on other images (p < 0.01) for STN visualization. Kappa value (0.74) on SWAN images was the highest in three sequences for visualizing the STN. SWAN is the sequence best suited for identifying the STN at the present time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Minami-1, West-16, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan, h.nagahama@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shonai
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aratani
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Motomichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*
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