title: Correlates of pain intensity in community-dwelling individuals with mild to moderate dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify correlates of participant-reported pain in community-dwelling individuals with mild to moderate dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations among participant-reported pain intensity and depressive symptoms, mental health diagnoses, pain diagnoses, pain medications, level of functional ability, and cognitive impairment were assessed in 136 community-dwelling veterans with mild to moderate dementia and pain. Univariate and multiple regressions were used to assess relationships among the independent variables and participant-reported pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain diagnoses (β = .23, t 132 = 2.65, P < .01) and pain medications (β = .21, t 132 = 2.48, P < .05) were correlated with participant-reported pain intensity in univariate regression models. Only pain diagnoses (β = .20, t 132 = 2.17, P < .05) remained a significant predictor in adjusted models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participant-reported pain in individuals with dementia appears to be a unique construct for which other psychosocial indicators cannot be substituted. Therefore, directly asking community-dwelling individuals with mild to moderate dementia about their pain is a critical component of assessment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Breland
authors.affiliation: Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, USA Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Terri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Service, Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA Center for Mental Health & Aging and Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
authors.forename: A Lynn
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.affiliation: Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, USA Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shubhada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sansgiry
authors.affiliation: Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, USA Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Amber B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Amspoker
authors.affiliation: Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, USA Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA mkunik@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kunik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D057566:Self Report
keywords: assessment; community dwelling; dementia; depression; pain
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