title: Temperate origins of long-distance seasonal migration in New World songbirds.
abstract: Migratory species exhibit seasonal variation in their geographic ranges, often inhabiting geographically and ecologically distinct breeding and nonbreeding areas. The complicated geography of seasonal migration has long posed a challenge for inferring the geographic origins of migratory species as well as evolutionary sequences of change in migratory behavior. To address this challenge, we developed a phylogenetic model of the joint evolution of breeding and nonbreeding (winter) ranges and applied it to the inference of biogeographic history in the emberizoid passerine birds. We found that seasonal migration between breeding ranges in North America and winter ranges in the Neotropics evolved primarily via shifts of winter ranges toward the tropics from ancestral ranges in North America. This result contrasts with a dominant paradigm that hypothesized migration evolving out of the tropics via shifts of the breeding ranges. We also show that major lineages of tropical, sedentary emberizoids are derived from northern, migratory ancestors. In these lineages, the winter ranges served as a biogeographic conduit for temperate-to-tropical colonization: winter-range shifts toward the tropics during the evolution of long-distance migration often preceded southward shifts of breeding ranges, the loss of migration, and in situ tropical diversification. Meanwhile, the evolution of long-distance migration enabled the persistence of old lineages in North America. These results illuminate how the evolution of seasonal migration has contributed to greater niche conservatism among tropical members of this diverse avian radiation.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;Life Sciences Section, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605; and bwinger@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Winger
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior andBell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
authors.forename: F Keith
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;Life Sciences Section, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605; and.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ree
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D002980:Climate; D010802:Phylogeny; D012621:Seasons; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: bird migration; dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis; evolution of migration; historical biogeography; tropical niche conservatism
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2013 Jun;22(12):3333-44
references.pmid: 23710782
references.citation: Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):102-6
references.pmid: 17023653
references.citation: Evolution. 1981 Nov;35(6):1229-1242
references.pmid: 28563384
references.citation: Naturwissenschaften. 2008 Dec;95(12):1109-19
references.pmid: 18712337
references.citation: Syst Biol. 2011 Jul;60(4):451-65
references.pmid: 21551125
references.citation: J Stat Softw. 2010 Jul;35(4):1-81
references.pmid: 21603108
references.citation: Evolution. 1968 Mar;22(1):180-192
references.pmid: 28564993
references.citation: Evolution. 2006 Nov;60(11):2403-9
references.pmid: 17236431
references.citation: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2014 Jun;75:41-77
references.pmid: 24583021
references.citation: Naturwissenschaften. 2007 Apr;94(4):268-79
references.pmid: 17216186
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 27;101(30):11040-5
references.pmid: 15263073
references.citation: Am Nat. 2007 Mar;169(3):344-59
references.pmid: 17294370
references.citation: Ecol Lett. 2012 Nov;15(11):1318-1325
references.pmid: 22909289
references.citation: Syst Biol. 2007 Oct;56(5):701-10
references.pmid: 17849325
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Apr 23;281(1784):20140473
references.pmid: 24759866
references.citation: Syst Biol. 2013 Mar;62(2):298-320
references.pmid: 23229025
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Feb 7;279(1728):610-8
references.pmid: 21752818
references.citation: Syst Biol. 2008 Feb;57(1):4-14
references.pmid: 18253896
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Sep;5(9):e1000520
references.pmid: 19779555
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Dec;19(12):639-44
references.pmid: 16701326
references.citation: Evolution. 2005 Nov;59(11):2299-311
references.pmid: 16396171