title: Cerebral oedema following robotic surgery: a rare complication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present an unusual complication following robotic assisted radical hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 51-year-old female with stage 1B1 cervical cancer underwent a robotic assisted radical hysterectomy. The procedure was prolonged with difficulties dissecting the left parametrium and vaginal fornix with persistent bleeding from the left vaginal vault. Post-operatively the patient was electively sedated and ventilated. Extubation was difficult due to patient agitation but achieved on day 2. Agitation persisted and a head CT scan was performed and a diagnosis of cerebral oedema was made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors contributing to this case include prolonged operating time, prolonged Trendelenburg position with high pressures of CO2 pneumoperitoneum and excessive blood loss. These factors may contribute to poor cerebral venous outflow, increasing intracranial pressure leading to increased risk of cerebral oedema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanics of robotic assistance may be used to reduce these risks by significantly reducing intra-abdominal pressure improving venous return. The use of robotics in surgery has been increasing over the last 10 years, and the benefits have been well documented. We present an unusual complication following robotic assisted radical hysterectomy performed for cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Rd, Guildford, GU2 7XX, UK.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Thumuluru Kavitha
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Madhuri
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butler-Manuel
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tailor
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D018475:Head-Down Tilt / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*