title: The genus Lactarius s. str. (Basidiomycota, Russulales) in Togo (West Africa): phylogeny and a new species described.
abstract: Lactarius s. str. represents a monophyletic group of about 40 species in tropical Africa, although the delimitation of the genus from Lactifluus is still in progress. Recent molecular phylogenetic and taxonomic revisions have led to numerous changes in names of tropical species formerly referred to Lactarius. To better circumscribe the genus Lactarius in Togo, we combined morphological data with sequence analyses and phylogeny inference of rDNA ITS sequences. Morphological and molecular data were generated from specimens sampled in various native woodlands and riverside forests; Lactarioid- and Russula sequences from public GenBank NCBI, and UNITE are included for phylogenetic analysis. The Maximum likelihood phylogeny tree inferred from aligned sequences supports the phylogenetic position of the studied samples from Togo within the subgenera Piperites, and Plinthogali. Lactarius s. str. includes about 13 species described from West Africa, of which eight were not previously known from Togo, including one new species: Lactarius subbaliophaeus identifiable by the presence of winged basidiospores, a pallisadic pileipellis with a uprapellis composed of cylindrical cells, inconspicuous pleurocystidia, and fusiform or tortuous, often tapering apex marginal cells. It can also be recognised by a transparent white latex that turns pinkish and then blackish, and a bluish reaction of the flesh context with FeSO4. These features mentioned do not match any of the morpho-anatomically most similar species, notably L. baliophaeus and L. griseogalus.
authors.affiliation: Département de Botanique et Écologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé BP 1515, Lomé, Togo; ; Department Biology I, Organismic Biology: Mycology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Dao Lamèga
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Maba
authors.affiliation: Département de Botanique et Écologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé BP 1515, Lomé, Togo;
authors.forename: Atsu K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Guelly
authors.affiliation: Department Biology I, Organismic Biology: Mycology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany. ; Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123, Parakou, Benin.
authors.forename: Nourou S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yorou
authors.affiliation: National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Department of Cryptogamy (Bryophyta & Thallophyta) Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Kesel
authors.affiliation: Ghent University Department of Biology, Research Group Mycology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 B - 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verbeken
authors.affiliation: Department Biology I, Organismic Biology: Mycology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agerer
keywords: Lactifluus; Tropical Africa; distribution; ecology; ectomycorrhizas; molecular phylogeny
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