title: The role of GPC5 in lung metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proteoglycans play a crucial role in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) tumorigenesis, neurotropic growth and lung metastasis. In this study, we investigated the role of GPC5 in the lung metastasis of SACC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) was detected in SACC-M (high lung-metastatic cell line), SACC-2 (low lung-metastatic cell line) and SACC-83 (low lung-metastatic cell line) cells by relative quantitative Real-Time PCR. The expression of GPC5 was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis in SACC-M, SACC-2 and SACC-83 cells, and by immunohistochemical analysis in primary tumours from 16 cases of SACC patients with or without lung metastasis. GPC5 expression was silenced in SACC-M cells, cell proliferation and tumour growth was evaluated by MTT assay and nude mice model, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of most HSPGs was decreased in SACC-M cells, but GPC5 expression increased 3.24-fold and 815.69-fold (more than 3-fold) in SACC-M compared with SACC-2 and SACC-83 cells, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher expression of GPC5 in SACC with lung metastasis compared to SACC without lung metastasis. The lung metastasis of SACC-M cells in nude mice was obviously decreased after GPC5 silencing (P<0.05), although GPC5 silencing had no significant effect on SACC-M cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPC5 may contribute to lung metastasis of SACC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China. Electronic address: wangjiephd@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Fusheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Hexiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000556:secondary*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D053673:Glypicans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C106228:GPC5 protein, human; D053673:Glypicans; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma; GPC5; HSPGs; Lung metastasis; Salivary gland