title: Association of coffee drinking with all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to use the meta-analysis method to assess the relationship between coffee drinking and all-cause mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Categorical and dose-response meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched and identified eligible literature in the PubMed and Scopus databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen studies including 1 054 571 participants and 131 212 death events from all causes were included in the present study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen studies were included and evaluated in the meta-analysis. A U-shaped dose-response relationship was found between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality (P for non-linearity <0.001). Compared with non/occasional coffee drinkers, the relative risks for all-cause mortality were 0.89 (95 % CI 0.85, 0.93) for 1-<3 cups/d, 0.87 (95 % CI 0.83, 0.91) for 3-<5 cups/d and 0.90 (95 % CI 0.87, 0.94) for ≥5 cups/d, and the relationship was more marked in females than in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies indicated that light to moderate coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes, particularly in women.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,866 Yuhangtang Road,Hangzhou 310058,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,866 Yuhangtang Road,Hangzhou 310058,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kejian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,866 Yuhangtang Road,Hangzhou 310058,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jusheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,866 Yuhangtang Road,Hangzhou 310058,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruiting
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,866 Yuhangtang Road,Hangzhou 310058,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D055951:Functional Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee
keywords: Prospective cohort study
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