title: Interleukin‑15: a potent adjuvant enhancing the efficacy of an autologous whole‑cell tumor vaccine against Lewis lung carcinoma.
abstract: Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide due to its limited response rate to current chemotherapy and radiation, thus immunotherapy is rapidly becoming the most promising approach. Although the highly specific tumor‑associated antigen of lung cancer has been found, autologous whole‑cell tumor vaccines remain indispensable in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Interleukin (IL)‑15 is a T helper type 1 cytokine that has been demonstrated to have a marked antitumor immune response and the potential ability to reverse the host tolerance of tumor antigens in certain preclinical trials. In the present study, a cationic liposome encapsulating IL‑15 gene‑loaded plasmid acted as an adjuvant of an autologous whole‑cell tumor vaccine by subcutaneous injection. The combination immunotherapy resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth without side effects in the preventive tumor inhibition and adoptive therapy study. Cytotoxic lymphocyte assay detection of the serum antigen and cytokines using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay suggested that the IL‑15 gene can significantly improve the cellular immune response and humoral immune response provoked by autologous whole‑cell tumor vaccines. These results demonstrated that the IL‑15 gene was an effective adjuvant of autologous whole‑cell tumor vaccines against mouse lung cancer and may provide an attractive vaccine strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D019409:Interleukin-15; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma