title: Sleep disturbance, disability, and posttraumatic stress disorder in utility workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between sleep disturbance, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and functional disability in a population exposed to a singular traumatic event.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were a population of 2,453 predominantly male utility workers who were deployed to the World Trade Center site in the aftermath of the 9/11 attack. They underwent psychiatric screenings comprising measures of sleep disturbance, PTSD, and functional disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses indicated that (a) rates of sleep disturbances were significantly higher among participants diagnosed with PTSD than those without, (b) PTSD severity was significantly associated with sleep disturbance, and (c) sleep disturbance moderated the relationship between PTSD and disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbance is associated with occupational, social functioning, and PTSD severity, suggesting that ameliorating sleep may lead to increased occupational and social functioning, as well as better treatment responses in PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Berkeley College; Babes-Bolyai University.
authors.forename: Cezar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giosan
authors.forename: Loretta S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Malta
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wyka
authors.forename: Nimali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jayasinghe
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: JoAnn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Difede
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: PTSD; disability; sleep disturbance