title: Redescription of Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean.
abstract: Here we establish a neotype for Alatina alata (Reynaud, 1830) from the Dutch Caribbean island of Bonaire. The species was originally described one hundred and eighty three years ago as Carybdea alata in La Centurie Zoologique-a monograph published by René Primevère Lesson during the age of worldwide scientific exploration. While monitoring monthly reproductive swarms of A. alata medusae in Bonaire, we documented the ecology and sexual reproduction of this cubozoan species. Examination of forty six A. alata specimens and additional archived multimedia material in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC revealed that A. alata is found at depths ranging from surface waters to 675 m. Additional studies have reported it at depths of up to 1607 m in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Herein, we resolve the taxonomic confusion long associated with A. alata due to a lack of detail in the original description and conflicting statements in the scientific literature. A new cubozoan character, the velarial lappet, is described for this taxon. The complete description provided here serves to stabilize the taxonomy of the second oldest box jellyfish species, and provide a thorough redescription of the species.
authors.affiliation: Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-153, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; Email: clames1@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-153, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Email: bastian.bentlage@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentlage
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822, USA.; Email: ayanagih@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.affiliation: Palm Beach County (FL) Schools, Boynton Beach Community High School, 4975 Park Ridge Boulevard, Boynton Beach, FL, 33426, USA; Email: william.gillan@palmbeachschools.org.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gillan
authors.affiliation: Kralendijk, Bonaire, The Netherlands; Email: abely@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Johan Van
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Blerk
authors.affiliation: Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Email: dkeil@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.; Email: abely@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Alexandra E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bely
authors.affiliation: National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-153, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; Email: collinsa@si.edu.
authors.forename: Allen G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037462:Cubozoa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification*; D009427:Netherlands Antilles
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