title: Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment after cardiac surgery.
abstract: Open-heart surgery has become a common procedure. Postcardiac surgery management is a critical issue and represents a crucial period in terms of physical recovery. Cardiac rehabilitation is increasingly considered as an integral component of the continuum of care for patients with cardiovascular disease. Its usefulness is now widely accepted, and therefore, it is recommended in most contemporary cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines. Similarly, early pharmacological management can modulate the pathophysiological alterations after cardiac surgery, leading to an improvement in the early and long-term outcome. In this review, we will present recent advances in postcardiac surgery management, focusing on the pathophysiology of the perioperative period and on recent evidences in pharmacological and rehabilitative strategies.
authors.affiliation: From the Unità di prevenzione e riabilitazione cardiovascolare, Ospedale San Raffaele & Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durante
authors.forename: Luca Rosario
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Limite
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peretto
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laricchia
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ancona
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangieri
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cianflone
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059035:Perioperative Period / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors