title: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human samples of mother-newborn pairs in South China and their placental transfer characteristics.
abstract: There are limited data concerning the placenta transfer characteristics and accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in infants. However, PBDEs received increasing health concerns due to their endocrine disrupt and neurodevelopment toxicity effects. The present study assessed the accumulation of PBDEs in 30 paired placenta, breast milk, fetal cord blood, and neonatal urine samples collected from five major cities of the South China. The age of mothers ranged from 21 to 39 (mean 27.6±4.56). The ∑PBDE concentrations were 15.8±9.88 ng g(-1) lipid in placenta, 13.2±7.64 ng g(-1) lipid in breast milk, 16.5±19.5 ng g(-1) lipid in fetal cord blood, and 1.80±1.99 ng ml(-1) in neonatal urine. BDE-47 was the predominant congener in all types of human sample. Octa-BDEs such as BDE-196/-197 were detected highly in placenta and cord blood while moderately in breast milk and neonatal urine. Significant (p<0.01) correlations were observed for both total and most individual PBDEs in cord blood-maternal placenta and breast milk-urine paired individual samples. The extent of placental transfer of higher brominated BDEs such as BDE-196/-197 was greater than that of BDE-47. The estimated daily intake (EDI) analysis for breast-fed infants revealed that newborns in these areas were exposed to relatively high levels of PBDEs via breast milk. Our study not only provided systematic fundamental data for PBDE distribution but also revealed the placenta transfer characteristics of PBDE congeners in South China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China. Electronic address: chenzhuojia86@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhuo-Jia
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China.
authors.forename: Han-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 61130, China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong P.R. China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Bon
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Kun-Shui
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong P.R. China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: minghwong@ied.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Ming-Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: whongsh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D002681:China; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005333:Fetus / Q000737:chemistry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009035:Mothers; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C511855:2,2',3,3',4,4',6,6'-octabromodiphenyl ether
keywords: Body accumulation; Human tissues; Newborns; PBDEs; Paired samples