title: Comparative studies on the implantation of nano platinum black and pure platinum electrodes in the rabbit orbicularis oculi muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the interactive influence of implanted nano platinum black electrodes (as compared with pure platinum electrodes) on rabbit orbicularis oculi muscle morphology and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The influence of the two types of electrode on the orbicularis oculi muscle was monitored in a rabbit model of facial paralysis. Biological electric current and exciting current were administered to biological tissue, and morphological and functional changes were identified. Changes in orbicularis oculi muscle contraction, electrode configuration and performance associated with long-term electrical stimulation were observed over 28 days of implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nano platinum black electrode was superior to the pure platinum electrode in the following aspects: morphology and functionality, electrical excitation function of the orbicularis oculi muscle (as assessed by electromyography), muscle contraction function and biological tissue changes. Furthermore, the nano platinum black electrode features had good stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microelectrode surface modification with nano platinum black can effectively increase the microelectrode surface area and improve electrode performance, and is associated with good tissue compatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Shanghai Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Shanghai Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Shanghai Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006648:Histocompatibility; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles; D010984:Platinum; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum