title: The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes: clinical implications and therapeutic significance through sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors.
abstract: The kidneys play an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis through utilization of glucose, gluconeogenesis, and glucose reabsorption via sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) and glucose transporters. The renal threshold for glucose excretion (RTG) is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), possibly due to upregulation of SGLT2 and SGLT1 expression. The resulting increase in renal glucose reabsorption is thought to contribute to the maintenance of hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM. Selective SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the RTG, thereby increasing glucosuria, and have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with diet and exercise and other glucose-lowering treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address: J.P.H.Wilding@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John P H
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wilding
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Kidneys; Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor; Type 2 diabetes mellitus