title: Rigidity-patterned polyelectrolyte films to control myoblast cell adhesion and spatial organization.
abstract: In vivo, cells are sensitive to the stiffness of their micro-environment and especially to the spatial organization of the stiffness.In vitrostudies of this phenomenon can help to better understand the mechanisms of the cell response to spatial variations of the matrix stiffness. In this work, we design polelyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(L-lysine) and a photo-reactive hyaluronan derivative. These films can be photo-crosslinked through a photomask to create spatial patterns of rigidity. Quartz substrates incorporating a chromium mask are prepared to expose selectively the film to UV light (in a physiological buffer), without any direct contact between the photomask and the soft film. We show that these micropatterns are chemically homogeneous and flat, without any preferential adsorption of adhesive proteins. Three groups of pattern geometries differing by their shape (circles or lines), size (form 2 to 100 μm) or interspacing distance between the motifs are used to study the adhesion and spatial organization of myoblast cells. On large circular micropatterns, the cells form large assemblies that are confined to the stiffest parts. Conversely, when the size of the rigidity patterns is subcellular, the cells respond by forming protrusions. Finally, on linear micropatterns of rigidity, myoblasts align and their nuclei drastically elongate in specific conditions. These results pave the way for the study of the different steps of myoblast fusion in response to matrix rigidity in well-defined geometrical conditions.
authors.affiliation: CNRS-UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, CNRS et Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Université de Grenoble, 3 parvis L. Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.affiliation: CNRS-UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, CNRS et Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Université de Grenoble, 3 parvis L. Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France; Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter division Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: CNRS-UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, CNRS et Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Université de Grenoble, 3 parvis L. Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boudou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter division Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Cuauhtemoc
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pózos-Vásquez
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, CNRS-UMR 6270 Université de Rouen Bd Maurice de Broglie F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dulong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter division Croix du Sud 1, box L7.04.02 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glinel
authors.affiliation: CNRS-UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, CNRS et Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Université de Grenoble, 3 parvis L. Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picart
keywords: cell deformation; micropatterns; photo-crosslinking; polyelectrolyte multilayer films; stiffness
references.citation: Langmuir. 2006 Jan 31;22(3):1193-200
references.pmid: 16430283
references.citation: Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1425-8
references.pmid: 9162012
references.citation: Biotechniques. 2010 Apr;48(4):ix-xxii
references.pmid: 20569203
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(39):7188-92
references.pmid: 19479917
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):677-89
references.pmid: 16923388
references.citation: Langmuir. 2009 Apr 9;25(6):3556-63
references.pmid: 19275180
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2012 May 27;11(7):642-9
references.pmid: 22635042
references.citation: In Vivo. 2007 May-Jun;21(3):435-44
references.pmid: 17591352
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2009 Nov 9;10(11):3062-8
references.pmid: 19817347
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Jan 05;6(1):e15978
references.pmid: 21246050
references.citation: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2010 Mar;10(1):71-6
references.pmid: 20190382
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2004 Apr;6(4):483-95
references.pmid: 15068789
references.citation: J Biomech. 2000 Dec;33(12):1663-73
references.pmid: 11006391
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2002 Dec 20;13(18):2411-5
references.pmid: 12499839
references.citation: Langmuir. 2006 Jun 20;22(13):5958-62
references.pmid: 16768536
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res A. 2003 Sep 1;66(3):605-14
references.pmid: 12918044
references.citation: Biophys J. 2009 Sep 2;97(5):1313-22
references.pmid: 19720019
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Oct;295(4):C1037-44
references.pmid: 18753317
references.citation: Langmuir. 2004 Jun 22;20(13):5153-6
references.pmid: 15986641
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009 Jun 15;103(3):631-8
references.pmid: 19189396
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2009 Apr;30(12):2209-18
references.pmid: 19150738
references.citation: Biophys J. 2000 Jul;79(1):144-52
references.pmid: 10866943
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2008 Sep 1;121(Pt 17):2795-804
references.pmid: 18682496
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res A. 2006 Dec 1;79(3):485-94
references.pmid: 16779854
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 15;277(7):4585-8
references.pmid: 11717315
references.citation: J Biomech. 2012 Jan 3;45(1):116-22
references.pmid: 22015238
references.citation: Adv Funct Mater. 2008;18(9):1378-1389
references.pmid: 18841249
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002 Jul;34(7):816-25
references.pmid: 11950597
references.citation: Tissue Eng Part A. 2012 Aug;18(15-16):1664-76
references.pmid: 22607460
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2009 Feb;30(6):1113-20
references.pmid: 19046762
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Jan;10(1):21-33
references.pmid: 19197329
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Jan 10;88(1):39-48
references.pmid: 9019403
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2005 Dec;26(34):6836-45
references.pmid: 15972236
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2004 Mar-Apr;5(2):284-94
references.pmid: 15002986
references.citation: Lab Chip. 2007 Jun;7(6):672-80
references.pmid: 17538708
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 2003 Apr 1;284(2):274-82
references.pmid: 12651159
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2007 Apr;28(13):2202-10
references.pmid: 17267031
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2006 Sep 15;119(Pt 18):3822-32
references.pmid: 16926191
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1999 Dec 27;147(7):1549-60
references.pmid: 10613911
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2012 Feb 14;3:671
references.pmid: 22334074
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):C1338-45
references.pmid: 19321742
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009 Feb 1;102(2):624-31
references.pmid: 18958861
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2004 Sep 13;166(6):877-87
references.pmid: 15364962
references.citation: Acta Biomater. 2010 Nov;6(11):4238-48
references.pmid: 20601233
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 1;109(18):6933-8
references.pmid: 22509005
references.citation: Integr Biol (Camb). 2010 Apr;2(4):193-201
references.pmid: 20473399
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2011 Oct 09;8(11):949-55
references.pmid: 21983923
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2006 Aug;27(24):4340-7
references.pmid: 16650470
references.citation: Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2005 Jan;60(1):24-34
references.pmid: 15573414
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2009 Feb 9;10(2):433-42
references.pmid: 19199579
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2011 Apr;32(11):2725-33
references.pmid: 21276611
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2007 Jul;13(7):1443-53
references.pmid: 17518745
references.citation: J Microsc. 2008 Sep;231(3):486-93
references.pmid: 18755004
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2005 Sep;8(3):241-54
references.pmid: 16169468
references.citation: Biomaterials. 1999 Dec;20(23-24):2363-76
references.pmid: 10614942
references.citation: Integr Biol (Camb). 2011 Sep;3(9):897-909
references.pmid: 21842084
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009 Jul;90(1):438-45
references.pmid: 19107805
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2012 Apr 30;197(3):351-60
references.pmid: 22547406
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Feb 15;105(3):636-44
references.pmid: 19816965
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2012 Jul;33(20):4998-5003
references.pmid: 22516607
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2009 Jun;30(18):3136-42
references.pmid: 19299009