title: Retentive strength of monolithic all-ceramic crowns on implant abutments.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the retentive strength of monolithic all-ceramic crowns cemented on titanium implant abutments. 225 crowns (75 crowns each of Mark II, Empress CAD, and e.max CAD) were milled using a CAD/ CAM system. The crowns were cemented onto sandblasted titanium implant abutments using five luting agents (Multilink Implant, Variolink II, RelyX Unicem, Fujicem, and Panavia 2.0). After thermocycling, the crowns were removed using a universal testing machine. The location of luting agent residue on the abutment and inner crown surfaces was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction. In comparing the luting agents, no significant difference was found between Vita Mark II and Empress CAD. For e.max CAD, the luting agent RelyX Unicem had a significantly higher mean retentive strength than did Multilink Implant (p = 0.003) or Panavia 2.0 (p = 0.001). In comparing the ceramic materials, e.max CAD showed significantly higher pull-off strengths than the other two ceramic materials when the luting agents RelyX Unicem and Fujicem were used (all p < 0.001). The residues of nearly all luting agents were located entirely or almost entirely (75%-100%) on the inner crown surfaces of all ceramic materials, except for the luting agent GC Fujicem, which left more luting agent residue (0%-75%) on the abutment surfaces of all ceramic materials. In comparing the five luting agents, significant differences in the resulting retentive strength were only found for the ceramic material e.max CAD. The other ceramic materials did not show significant differences in retentive strength, independent of the luting agent.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weyhrauch
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Igiel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wentaschek
authors.forename: Andreas Max
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheller
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weibrich
authors.forename: Karl Martin
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003764:Dental Materials; C542393:FujiCEM; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C520133:IPS e.max CAD LT; C075815:IPS-Empress ceramic; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; C082340:Vita Mark II; C502351:multilink adhesive system; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink; D014025:Titanium