title: Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.
abstract: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) improves gas exchange and clinical outcome in various types of acute respiratory failure. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequent cause of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). According to several randomized controlled trials, the addition of NIV to standard medical therapy reduces mortality, intubation rate, and hospital length of stay in these patients. Indications for the use of NIV have expanded over the past decade. In this article, we discuss the clinical indications and goals of NIV in the management of AHRF.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Critical Care, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Critical Care, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nava
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*