title: The relationship between uncontrolled glycemia and the cost of hospitalization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hospitalization cost and discharge blood glucose levels among adult diabetes mellitus type 2 patients hospitalized with uncontrolled glycemia without complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis examined healthcare billing and laboratory data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in Chicago, Illinois, in a 269-bed medical center between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were placed into 1 of 2 groups at discharge: blood glucose level less than 250 mg/dL or blood glucose level 250 mg/dL or greater.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 579 patients with uncontrolled glycemia, 366 met inclusion criteria: diabetes mellitus without complications (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; 250.0) with abnormal fasting blood glucose (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; 790.21). Discharge blood glucose levels were 250 mg/dL or greater in 74 patients and less than 250 mg/dL in 292 patients. Mean age of the 2 cohorts was 71.4 (SD, 13.41) years. The majority was male (52.1% and 59.7%, respectively). The median healthcare cost for the entire sample was $3964.34. The mean cost of healthcare for the group with blood glucose of 250 mg/dL or greater at discharge was $4182.65, with a mean length of stay of 8.22 (SD, 3.468) days, while the mean cost of healthcare for the group with blood glucose of less than 250 mg/dL at discharge was $3826.25 and mean length of stay 7.826 (SD, 6.073) days. Analysis of cost was conducted using Pearson χ and was significant for α = .05 (P = .037). The odds ratio of having increased healthcare cost with blood glucose of 250 mg/dL or greater was 1.732 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.998 to 3.012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The group discharged with blood glucose levels of 250 mg/dL or greater accrued greater cost during hospitalization than did patients who were discharged with blood glucose levels of less than 250 mg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Today's healthcare system is struggling with cost containment, quality control, and standardization of care. Clinical nurse specialists can evaluate current patient care practices and ensure that the practice setting is fiscally beneficial to future patients and healthcare organizations.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Term Lecturer, Purdue University North Central, Purdue University School of Nursing (Dr Coto), Westville; Associate Professor, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University School of Nursing, Faculty Associate, Center on Aging and the Life Course, and Faculty Associate, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering (Dr Yehle), West Lafayette, Indiana; and Assistant Professor, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University School of Nursing (Dr Foli), West Lafayette, Indiana.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coto
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yehle
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Foli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose