title: Fungi on the skin: dermatophytes and Malassezia.
abstract: Several human skin diseases and disorders are associated with two groups of fungi, the dermatophytes and Malassezia. Although these skin-related problems are not generally life threatening, they are among the most common diseases and disorders of mankind. These fungi are phylogenetically divergent, with the dermatophytes within the Ascomycota and Malassezia within Basidiomycota. Genome analysis indicates that the adaptations to the skin environment are different in these two groups of fungi. Malassezia are dependent on host lipids and secrete lipases and phospholipases that likely release host fatty acids. The dermatophytes encode multiple enzymes with potential roles in modulating host interactions: polyketide synthases, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, LysM, proteases, kinases, and pseudokinases. These two fungal groups have maximized their interactions with the host using two very different mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110.
authors.forename: Theodore C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: Keisha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Findley
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Singapore 138547.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Solna, Translational Immunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden SE-141 86.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheynius
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boekhout
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040.
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Saunders
mesh_terms: D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D063807:Dandruff / Q000382:microbiology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000382:microbiology; D012628:Dermatitis, Seborrheic / Q000382:microbiology; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000382:microbiology*; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008290:Malassezia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D064307:Microbiota; D010802:Phylogeny; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D014010:Tinea Versicolor / Q000382:microbiology
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