title: Relationships between denial, risk, and recidivism in sexual offenders.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between denial, static risk, and sexual recidivism for offenders with different types of current sexual offense. Denial was defined as failure to accept responsibility for the current offense and was assessed using the Offender Assessment System. Static risk level (measured using a revised version of the Risk Matrix 2000) was examined as a moderator in the relationship between denial and sexual and violent recidivism. In the full sample (N = 6,891), lower levels of sexual recidivism were found for those who denied responsibility for their offense, independent of static risk in a Cox regression analysis. Higher levels of violent recidivism among those denying responsibility were not significant after controlling for static risk using Cox regression. For specific offender types, denial of responsibility was not significantly associated with sexual or violent recidivism. In conclusion, the presumption that denial represents increased risk, which is common in much of the decision making surrounding sex offenders, should be reconsidered. Instead, important decisions regarding sentencing, treatment, and release decisions should be based on empirically supported factors.
authors.affiliation: University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada, leigh.harkins@uoit.ca.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harkins
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakeling
authors.forename: Cerys
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology