title: In vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm effects of silver nanoparticles immobilized on titanium.
abstract: Prevention of periprosthetic infection (PPI) by inhibiting biofilm formation on prostheses is crucial to orthopedic surgery. In this work, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are fabricated in situ and immobilized on titanium by silver plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). The anti-biofilm activity rendered by the immobilized Ag NPs is assessed using Staphylococcus epidermidis, a biofilm producing strain, in vitro and in vivo. The immobilized Ag NPs show no apparent cytotoxicity but reduce biofilm formation in vitro by inhibiting bacteria adhesion and icaAD transcription. The immobilized Ag NPs offer a good defense against multiple cycles of bacteria attack in vitro, and the mechanism is independent of silver release. Radiographic assessment, microbiological cultures, and histopathological results demonstrate the ability of the functionalized surface against bacterial infection to reduce the risk of implant-associated PPI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Huiliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yaochao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Qiaojie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: zhangxianl197826@163.com.
authors.forename: Xianlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. Electronic address: xyliu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Biofilm; Cytotoxicity; Plasma immersion ion implantation; Silver nanoparticles; Titanium