title: Correlates of self-reported dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and urinary isothiocyanate from two cohorts in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess correlations between cruciferous vegetable intake and urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) level, in addition to glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes and other individual factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included cohort participants whose urinary ITC levels had been previously ascertained. Urinary ITC was assessed using HPLC. Usual dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables was assessed using a validated FFQ and total dietary ITC intake was calculated. Recent cruciferous vegetable intake was determined. GST genotypes were assessed using duplex real-time quantitative PCR assays. Spearman correlations were calculated between the covariates and urinary ITC levels and linear regression analyses were used to calculate the mean urinary ITC excretion according to GST genotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban city in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 3589 women and 1015 men from the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median urinary ITC level was 1.61 nmol/mg creatinine. Self-reported usual cruciferous vegetable intake was weakly correlated with urinary ITC level (r s=0.1149; P<0.0001), while self-reported recent intake was more strongly correlated with urinary ITC (r s=0.2591; P<0.0001). Overall, the GST genotypes were not associated with urinary ITC level, but significant differences according to genotype were observed among current smokers and participants who provided an afternoon urine sample. Other factors, including previous gastrectomy or gastritis, were also related to urinary ITC level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that urinary secretion of ITC may provide additional information on cruciferous vegetable intake and that GST genotypes are related to urinary ITC level only in some subgroups.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,2525 West End Avenue 6th floor,Nashville,TN 37232-8300,USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vogtmann
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,2525 West End Avenue 6th floor,Nashville,TN 37232-8300,USA.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi-Jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,2525 West End Avenue 6th floor,Nashville,TN 37232-8300,USA.
authors.forename: Quiyin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,2525 West End Avenue 6th floor,Nashville,TN 37232-8300,USA.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,AL,USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Waterbor
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,AL,USA.
authors.forename: Emily B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Levitan
authors.affiliation: 4Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,OH,USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,2525 West End Avenue 6th floor,Nashville,TN 37232-8300,USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes,Shanghai Cancer Institute,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Epidemiology,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,2525 West End Avenue 6th floor,Nashville,TN 37232-8300,USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D017879:Isothiocyanates; C037152:isothiocyanic acid
keywords: Glutathione S-transferase T1
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