title: Particle pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: increase and decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human lung cells.
abstract: Particle pollution from urban and industrialized regions in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil was analyzed for toxic and pro-inflammatory (cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Trace elements contribution was studied. Airborne particulate matter was collected at: three industrial sites Ind-1 (PM10) and Ind-2a and 2b (PM2.5); Centro urban area (PM10) and two rural sites (PM2.5, PM10). PM10 acetone extracts were toxic and did not elicit cytokine release; aqueous extracts were less toxic and stimulated the release of IL-6 and IL-8. PM2.5 aqueous extracts from Ind-2 decreased the release of IL-6 and IL-8. Zinc concentration was higher at the industrial and rural reference sites (Ref-1-2) although metals were not associated to cytokines changes. These results demonstrate that PM from RJ can either increase or decrease cytokine secretion in vitro while being site specific and time dependent.
authors.affiliation: University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Rosa I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cotto
authors.affiliation: University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Evasomary
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivera-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico. Electronic address: braulio.jimenez@upr.edu.
authors.forename: Braulio D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Vélez
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gioda
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: BEAS-2B; Cytokines; Decrease; Industry; Metals; Particles
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