title: A review of hyperacusis and future directions: part I. Definitions and manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperacusis can be extremely debilitating, and at present, there is no cure. We provide an overview of the field, and possible related areas, in the hope of facilitating future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review and reference literature on hyperacusis and related areas. We have divided the review into 2 articles. In Part I, we discuss definitions, epidemiology, different etiologies and subgroups, and how hyperacusis affects people. In Part II, we review measurements, models, mechanisms, and treatments, and we finish with some suggestions for further research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperacusis encompasses a wide range of reactions to sound, which can be grouped into the categories of excessive loudness, annoyance, fear, and pain. Many different causes have been proposed, and it will be important to appreciate and quantify different subgroups. Reasonable approaches to assessing the different forms of hyperacusis are emerging, including psychoacoustical measures, questionnaires, and brain imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperacusis can make life difficult for many, forcing sufferers to dramatically alter their work and social habits. We believe this is an opportune time to explore approaches to better understand and treat hyperacusis.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pienkowski
authors.forename: Eveling Rojas
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Roncancio
authors.forename: Hyung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brozoski
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dauman
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dauman
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Keiner
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cacace
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Brian C J
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D012001:Hyperacusis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects