title: Left heart disease: a frequent cause of early pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis, unrelated to elevated NT-proBNP levels or overt cardiac fibrosis but associated with increased levels of MR-proANP and MR-proADM: retrospective analysis of a French Canadian cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and left heart disease (LHD) are frequent causes of PH. Therefore, we studied PAH and LHD in early PH.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 432 French Canadian SSc patients were studied retrospectively. All underwent screening for PH. We analysed clinical, serological, and radiographic data from 26 patients with early PH diagnosed by right heart catheterization (RHC). SSc patients with (n = 21) and without PH (n = 19) were prospectively re-evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serial measurements of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the haemodynamic biomarkers mid-regional pro-atrial natriuritic peptide (MR-proANP) and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent cause of early PH was LHD (58%). PAH was seen in 34% of patients. No association was found between the type of PH and autoantibodies. Early LHD-PH, but not early PAH, was associated with lower NT-proBNP (p = 0.024), but MR-proANP and MR-proADM levels were higher in early LHD-PH than in patients without PH (p = 0.014 and p = 0.012, respectively). Only one patient had abnormal cardiac MRI explaining LHD-PH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early PH in SSc, like late PH, is heterogeneous and RHC is essential for determining its underlying cause. The most frequent cause of early PH was LHD. Levels of MR-proANP and MR-proADM, but not NT-proBNP, were increased in early LHD-PH, and may be more reliable than NT-proBNP as a biomarker of early PH in this subgroup of patients. Cardiac MRI did not explain LHD-PH. This study is the first to identify a high frequency of LHD in early PH correlating with normal NT-proBNP levels but increased MR-proANP and MR-proADM levels in SSc patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Centre of the University of Montreal (CHUM) , Montreal, Québec , Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chartrand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: J-R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: É
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chartrand-Lefebvre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrahamowicz
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Senécal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grodzicky
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D053607:Adrenomedullin