title: Pethia longicauda, a new species of barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the northern Western Ghats, India.
abstract: Pethia longicauda, a new cyprinid fish, is described from Hiranyakeshi River, Krishna drainage, Maharashtra, India. It can be distinguished from congeners based on a combination of characters including: a long caudal peduncle, incomplete lateral line, absence of barbels, upper lip thick and fleshy, distinct lateral fold on snout, 22-24 scales in lateral series, 5-6 lateral-line pored scales, nine predorsal scales, 9-10 prepelvic scales, 15-17 preanal scales, ½3/1/3½ transverse scales, 11-15 pairs of serrae on the distal half of the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray, 11-13 branched pectoral fin rays, 4+26 total vertebrae, 4+5 predorsal vertebrae, 4+13 abdominal and 13 caudal vertebrae, body iridescent silver in color with a black humeral spot, two black blotches on caudal peduncle and dorsal fin usually without any color bands or blotches but in breeding males with two rows of minute, indistinct black spots.
authors.affiliation: Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp. Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 001, India; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Unmesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Katwate
authors.affiliation: Systematics, Ecology & Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 035, India; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Mandar S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Paingankar
authors.affiliation: Systematics, Ecology & Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 035, India Conservation Research Group (CRG), Department of Fisheries, St. Albert's College, Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, G1 Block, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India; Email: n.dahanukar@iiserpune.ac.in.
authors.forename: Neelesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahanukar
mesh_terms: D058500:Animal Fins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D045483:Rivers