title: Mind over hormones: sex differences in associations of well-being with IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and physical activity in the KORA-Age study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A ssociations between well-being, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and its primary binding protein IGFBP-3, were examined in an epidemiologic study. The influence of physical activity on the effect of hormones on well-being was considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from participants of the KORA-Age study (n=985, age 64-93) was analyzed in sex-specific multivariable regressions of well-being (World Health Organization (WHO) -5) or ill-being (geriatric depression scale (GDS) -15). Models were adjusted for age, physical activity, sleep, BMI, smoking, and cognition. Adjusted WHO-5 means demonstrated the interaction between hormone quintiles with physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Full models indicated that increased IGFBP-3 positively associated with well-being in women (β estimate=0.14, standard error (SE)=0.06) and less so in men (β=0.11, SE=0.07). IGF-I associated positively with depression (β=0.11, SE=0.06) and negatively with well-being (β=-0.11, SE=0.06) in women. Similar but not statistically discernable effects were observed in men. Adjusted mean WHO-5 scores illustrated the positive effect of physical activity and IGFBP-3 on well-being in women only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opposite and independent associations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 on well-being observed in women suggests neuroprotective effects of IGFBP-3 in age.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Emeny
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bidlingmaier
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lacruz
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linkohr
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Klinikum der Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reincke
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: ladwig@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ladwig
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: Aging; IGF-1; IGFBP-3; Physical activity; Well-being