title: Killing two birds with one stone: trans-kingdom suppression of PAMP/MAMP-induced immunity by T3E from enteropathogenic bacteria.
abstract: Within the past decade, remarkable similarities between the molecular organization of animal and plant systems for non-self discrimination were revealed. Obvious parallels exist between the molecular structures of the receptors mediating the recognition of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) with plant pattern recognition receptors strikingly resembling mammalian Toll-like receptors. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, leading to the transcriptional activation of immunity-associated genes, illustrate the conservation of whole molecular building blocks of PAMP/MAMP-induced signaling. Enteropathogenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli use a type three secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into the mammalian host cell to subvert defense mechanisms and promote gut infection. Lately, disease occurrence was increasingly associated with bacteria-contaminated fruits and vegetables and common themes have emerged with regard to whether and how effectors target innate immune responses in a trans-kingdom manner. We propose that numerous Salmonella or E. coli effectors may be active in planta and tend to target central components (hubs) of immune signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Malou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraiture
authors.affiliation: Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunner
keywords: Escherichia coli; PAMP/MAMP; Salmonella; enteropathogenic bacteria; innate immunity; mammals; plants; type three effectors
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