title: Shame amplifies the association between stressful life events and paranoia amongst young adults using mental health services: Implications for understanding risk and psychological resilience.
abstract: Shame is associated with a range of psychological disorders, and is a trans-diagnostic moderator of the association between stressors and symptoms of disorder. However, research has yet to investigate shame in relation to specific psychotic symptoms in clinical groups. In order to address this, the present study investigated shame in young adults with mental health problems, to test whether shame was i) directly associated with paranoia, a prevalent psychotic symptom, and ii) a moderator of the association between stress and paranoia. Sixty participants completed measures of stressful events, paranoia, shame, depression and anxiety. Results from a cross-sectional regression analysis suggested that shame was associated with paranoia after the stressful life event measure was entered into the model, and shame moderated the association between stress and paranoia. For individuals scoring high on shame, shame amplified the association between stress and paranoia, but for low-shame individuals, the association between stress and paranoia was non-significant. These findings suggest that high levels of shame could confer vulnerability for paranoia amongst clinical groups, and that resistance to experiencing shame could be a marker of resilience.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK; Bradford Institute of Health Research, Bradford, UK. Electronic address: j.johnson@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Kareen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D012752:Shame; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Early-intervention; Paranoia; Psychosis; Resilience; Shame; Stress