title: The tarsal bone test: a basic test of health sciences students' knowledge of lower limb anatomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to design an easy-to-use tool, the tarsal bone test (TBT), to provide a snapshot of podiatry students' basic anatomical knowledge of the bones of the lower limb.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 254 podiatry students from three different universities, 145 of them were first-year students and 109 were in their fourth and final years. The TBT was administered without prior notice to the participants and was to be completed in 5 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that 97.2% of the subjects (n = 247) correctly labelled all tarsal bones, while the other 2.8% (n = 7) incorrectly labelled at least one bone, that was either the cuboid (7 times) or the navicular (6 times). Although only one fourth-year student inaccurately identified one bone, no significant differences in the distribution of the correct and incorrect responses were found between first and fourth-year students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TBT seems to be a straightforward and easy-to-apply instrument, and provides an objective view of the level of knowledge acquired at different stages of podiatry studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatry, University of Seville, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Calle Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castillo-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Calle Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Díaz-Mancha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Calle Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto Marcos
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Heredia-Rizo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Calle Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Seguín
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polo-Padillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatry, University of Seville, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Calle Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatry, University of Seville, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Calle Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Munuera
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
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