title: The effect of nC₆₀ on tissue distribution of ibuprofen in Cyprinus carpio.
abstract: The potential transfer of fullerene aqueous suspension (nC₆₀) associated contaminants in vivo is one of the most significant and currently not well-understood environmental risks. In this study, the carrier function of nC₆₀ for ibuprofen (IBU) was examined through whole-body and tissue distribution determination of nC₆₀ and IBU in Cyprinus carpio. The results showed that the presence of nC₆₀ only slightly increased the whole-body burden of IBU, because the amount of soluble IBU far exceeds that of nC₆₀ associated form of IBU; while the presence of nC₆₀ activated the catalase activity and enhanced the lipid peroxidation in the liver, suggesting an obviously induced oxidative damage to fish. With the presence of nC₆₀, the uptake of IBU in both gill and digestive tract tissues increased obviously: the uptake of IBU in the gill was mainly from the desorption of nC₆₀ associated IBU, and that in the digestive tract was both from nC₆₀ associated IBU and soluble IBU. On the contrary, the nC₆₀ reduced IBU uptake in the brain, probably due to the high accumulation of nC₆₀ which blocked the blood brain barrier. Moreover, there was no significant increase in the muscle, which implies that the soluble form should be the main source of IBU accumulation in the muscle. The carrier function of nC₆₀ observed in the present study indicates the potential transportation of other contaminants and the subsequently enhanced environmental risks.
  Fullerene aqueous suspension functioned as a carrier to alter the tissue distribution of ibuprofen in Cyprinus carpio.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Qiqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: yindq@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Daqiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xialin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Fullerene aqueous suspension; Ibuprofen; Oxidative damage; Tissue distribution