title: Bone mineral density in ambulatory children with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on bone health status of ambulatory epileptic children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 epileptic children aged 2-15 y were enrolled in three groups. The first group was on therapy with carbamazepine, phenobarbital or primidone. The second was treated with valproic acid and the third group was untreated. Serum calcium, phosphorous, total alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels were compared between groups. Bone mineral density tests were also performed at four sites of the lumbar spine and three sites of femoral neck and results were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all enrolled subjects, 67 patients (55.8 %) were vitamin D deficient. The three groups were not significantly different in terms of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels. While patients in first group had lower Z-score of femoral neck and lumbar spine compared to those on valproic acid, these values were also significantly different than that of the third group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that both enzyme-inducing AEDs and non enzyme-inducing AEDs decrease bone mineral density (BMD). Also alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is affected in ambulatory epileptic children on enzyme-inducing AEDs. Nevertheless, valproic acid (a non-enzyme-inducing agent) does not have the mentioned side effects.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yaghini
authors.forename: Seyed Hasan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tonekaboni
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Amir Shahkarami
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad Abadi
authors.forename: Fakhredin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdollah Gorji
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069451:Long Term Adverse Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium
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