title: The role of atropine in carotid stenting of recurrent stenosis after eversion endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The value of prophylactic atropine use during carotid artery stenting (CAS) in primary carotid stenosis to prevent procedural hemodynamic depression is well accepted. However, its impact in case of recurrent stenosis after eversion carotid endarterectomy (E-CEA), which is known to be associated with decreased baroreflex function due to discontinuation of the carotid sinus nerve, has not been investigated so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  The influence of angioplasty in the carotid bulb on intraprocedural and periprocedural hemodynamic changes (heart rate [HR], systolic blood pressure [SP], and diastolic blood pressure [DP]) of 38 CAS procedures (primary stenosis group, n = 16; post-E-CEA recurrent stenosis group, n = 22) was analyzed retrospectively. A single dose of 0.5 mg of atropine was administered in all cases immediately before angioplasty. Periprocedural vasoactive management was documented. Within-group differences were analyzed by the nonparametric Friedman test with pairwise comparisons following the method of Conover.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraprocedural within-group comparison between the median of the 15-minute period before angioplasty and each of three single measure points with 5-minute intervals after angioplasty showed a significant decrease in almost all measures for the primary stenosis group (HR: P = .002, .0008, .08; SP: P = .005, .01, .01; DP: P = .04, .04, .01) and the opposite for the post-E-CEA stenosis group (HR: P < .0001, <.0001, <.0001; SP: P = .04, .03, .05; DP: P = .23, .06, .005). Whereas in comparison to baseline (day of admission), patients with primary stenosis showed a significant periprocedural decrease in HR (recovery room, P < .0001; 6-24 hours, P = .0012; 25-48 hours, P = .014) and SP (recovery room, P < .0001; 6-24 hours, P < .0001; 25-48 hours, P < .0001), patients with restenosis after E-CEA revealed no significant changes with the exception of increased HR between 6 and 24 hours and decreased DP in the recovery room.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of atropine during CAS for recurrent carotid stenosis after prior E-CEA might not be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: serdar.demirel@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Attigah
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Augsburg City Hospital, University of Ludwig-Maximillians, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wieker
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dittmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Böckler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D001285:Atropine