title: Intermittent epidural vs continuous wound infusion of ropivacaine for acute and chronic pain control after hysterectomy or myomectomy: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adequate postoperative analgesia may enhance recovery. The efficacy of continuous wound infusion vs intermittent epidural ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized, observer blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aretaieio University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients scheduled for open abdominal hysterectomy or myomectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received 10 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine along the skin incision before skin closure, followed by wound infusion 2 mL/hour of 0.375% ropivacaine or epidurally 10 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine in the beginning of surgery followed by 10 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine 6 hourly. The epidural injections or the wound infusion of ropivacaine lasted 48 hours. Rescue analgesia consisted of patient-controlled analgesia morphine up to 48 hours and acetaminophen/codeine tablets the next 24 hours. Analgesic consumption and visual analog scale pain at rest and during cough were assessed 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. One and three months later, patients were interviewed by phone for analgesic consumption at home and presence of pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subcutaneous group consumed more morphine during the first 2, 4, and 8 hours postoperatively (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Subsequent morphine and acetaminophen/codeine requirements did not differ between the two groups. Pain intensity during cough was higher only 2 hours after surgery in the subcutaneous group (P = 0.002). Three months postoperatively, the two groups did not differ in the analgesic requirements and presence of persisting and/or burning pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, there is no clinical significant difference between the epidural ropivacaine and the subcutaneous ropivacaine group or a clear superiority to one management strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Argyro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fassoulaki
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chassiakos
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melemeni
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059787:Acute Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003371:Cough; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; C526278:acetaminophen, codeine drug combination; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D003061:Codeine
keywords: Analgesia; Epidural; Hysterectomy; Local Anesthetics; Myomectomy; Postoperative; Ropivacaine; Surgery; Wound Infusion