title: ODD irritability is associated with obsessive-compulsive behavior and not ADHD in chronic tic disorders.
abstract: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CT) are often associated with a variety of behavioral comorbidities including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB), oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) and temper outbursts. ODD is often associated with ADHD but its links to other symptoms of TS/CT is not as clear. This study examined whether the various symptoms of ODD were differentially linked to the various comorbidities in TS. A clinical sample of 135 children diagnosed with TS was evaluated through parent questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Regressions and structural equation modeling confirmed that ODD is multidimensional in a TS/CT sample and showed that OCB was associated with the irritability symptoms of ODD whereas ADHD was associated with the Headstrong symptoms of ODD. Results suggest that increased attention to the different facets of ODD may help improve our understanding of emotional symptoms in TS/CT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Claude G
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Thériault
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lespérance
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Achim
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l׳Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tellier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8; Centre Hospitalier de l׳Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier de l׳Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chouinard
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: Francois.Richer@uqam.ca.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Disruptive behavior; Hyperactivity; Obsessions; Opposition