title: 1,3,5-Triazine-based analogues of purine: from isosteres to privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
abstract: Purines can be considered as the most ubiquitous and functional N-heterocyclic compounds in nature. Structural modifications of natural purines, particularly using isosteric ring systems, have been in the focus of many drug discovery programs. Fusion of 1,3,5-triazine ring with pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole or 1,2,4-triazole results in seven bicyclic heterocyclic systems isosteric to purine. Application of the isosterism concept for the development of new compounds with therapeutic potential in areas involving purinergic regulation or purine metabolism led to significant advances in medicinal chemistry of the azolo[1,3,5]triazines. These 1,3,5-triazine-based purine-like scaffolds significantly increase level of molecular diversity and allow covering chemical space in the important areas of medicinal chemistry. Some of these azolo[1,3,5]triazine systems have become privileged scaffolds in the development of inhibitors of various kinases, phosphodiesterase, xanthine oxidase, and thymidine phosphorylase, antagonists of adenosine and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors, anticancer and antiviral agents.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: Felicia Phei Lin
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia. Electronic address: A.Dolzhenko@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Dolzhenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; D011687:Purines; D014227:Triazines; C030985:purine
keywords: Anticancer; Antiviral; Enzyme inhibitor; Isostere; Purine; Triazine