title: Interplay between cellular activity and three-dimensional scaffold-cell constructs with different foam structure processed by electron beam melting.
abstract: The cellular activity, biological response, and consequent integration of scaffold-cell construct in the physiological system are governed by the ability of cells to adhere, proliferate, and biomineralize. In this regard, we combine cellular biology and materials science and engineering to fundamentally elucidate the interplay between cellular activity and interconnected three-dimensional foamed architecture obtained by a novel process of electron beam melting and computational tools. Furthermore, the organization of key proteins, notably, actin, vinclulin, and fibronectin, involved in cellular activity and biological functions and relationship with the structure was explored. The interconnected foamed structure with ligaments was favorable to cellular activity that includes cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The primary rationale for favorable modulation of cellular functions is that the foamed structure provided a channel for migration and communication between cells leading to highly mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) by the differentiating osteoblasts. The filopodial interaction amongst cells on the ligaments was a governing factor in the secretion of ECM, with consequent influence on maturation and mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Center for Structural and Functional Materials, Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504.
authors.forename: Krishna C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Nune
authors.forename: R Devesh K
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gaytan
authors.forename: Lawrence E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Murr
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004583:Electrons; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Ti-6Al-4V alloy; foamed structure; mineralization; osteoblast functions