title: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble receptors in response to acute psychosocial stress: differential reactivity in bipolar disorder.
abstract: Mounting evidence suggests a chronic pro-inflammatory state in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Stress exposure is known to exacerbate several inflammatory conditions as well as psychiatric disorders. Here, we analyzed plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their soluble receptors to realistic acute psychosocial stress challenge in BD. Thirteen euthymic type 1 BD patients and 15 matched controls underwent the Trier Social Stress Test protocol (TSST). Blood samples were collected before and after TSST and plasma cytokines interleukin IL-2, IL-6, IL-33, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured. In addition TNF-α soluble receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, and IL-33 soluble receptor sST2 were assessed. Increased IL-33 and reduced sST2 levels were observed in BD subjects as compared to controls, independently of stress exposure. Following TSST, there were higher levels of IL-2 and reduced levels of sTNFR1 in both groups. However, the magnitude change for both cytokines was found higher in controls than BD subjects. Our data suggest that BD patients have differential stress reactivity as compared to controls, possibly related to an immunologic imbalance and failure of regulatory mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wieck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress (NEPTE), Postgraduate Program in Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grassi-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carine Hartmann
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: do Prado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Bortolotto
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agatha Schommer
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress (NEPTE), Postgraduate Program in Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kommers-Molina
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress (NEPTE), Postgraduate Program in Psychology, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Wendt
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.affiliation: Translational Psychoneuroimmunology Group, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erica Leandro
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Marciano Vieira
authors.affiliation: Translational Psychoneuroimmunology Group, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Lúcio
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of the Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address: mebauer@pucrs.br.
authors.forename: Moisés Evandro
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Cytokines; Inflammation; Psychosocial stress