title: Evaluating the effects of Escanbil (Calligonum) extract on the expression level of Catsper gene variants and sperm motility in aging male mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catsper proteins are responsible for entering Ca(2+) to the cell and play an important role in sperm motility and male fertility. Antioxidants are vital for sperm motility too. Escanbil (Calligonum) extract possess some of the important antioxidant like Catechin and Quercetin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here we investigated the effects of Escanbil (Calligonum) extract on the sperm parameters and the expressing of Catsper gene in aging male mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this animal study, firstly, dose response was performed by using these three doses of Escanbil (Calligonum) (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). 5 mice in each group were considered and Intra Peritoneal injection was done for 5 weeks. the sperm parameters analyzed and dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL )staining was done. 30 mg/kg dose was considered as optimum dose. Secondly: fifteen aging male mice (11-13 months) were divided into three groups: control, sham and experiment. The experiments were injected Intra peritonealy with Escanbil (Calligonum) extract (30mg/kg) weekly for up to 5 weeks. The sham group was injected Intra Peritoneal (DMSO). Sperm parameters were analyzed. Expression of Catsper genes was analyzed by Real time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that after Escanbil (Calligonum) treatment (30 mg/kg), the sperm parameters were improved in experimental group (p<0.05). Our data showed that there was a statistical significance difference between the expressions of Catsper 2, 4 in aging experiment group comparison with aging control group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We investigated that the Escanbil (Calligonum) extract (30 mg/kg) can improve sperm parameters and change the expression of Catsper genes in aging male mice. This herbal extract can be used as an antioxidant component for clinical usages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Askari Jahromi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansoureh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movahedin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amanlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Javad
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mowla
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kashan Botanical Garden, Kashan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hosein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Batooli
keywords: Antioxidants; Ca2+ channels; Catsper protein; Spermatozoa
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