title: Impact of 60-GHz millimeter waves and corresponding heat effect on endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor gene expression.
abstract: Emerging high data rate wireless communication systems, currently under development, will operate at millimeter waves (MMW) and specifically in the 60 GHz band for broadband short-range communications. The aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of MMW radiation on the cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Human skin cell lines were exposed at 60.4 GHz, with incident power densities (IPD) ranging between 1 and 20 mW/cm(2) . The upper IPD limits correspond to the ICNIRP local exposure limit for the general public. The expression of ER-stress sensors, namely BIP and ORP150, was then examined by real-time RT-PCR. Our experimental data demonstrated that MMW radiations do not change BIP or ORP150 mRNA basal levels, whatever the cell line, the exposure duration or the IPD level. Co-exposure to the well-known ER-stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) and MMW were then assessed. Our results show that MMW exposure at 20 mW/cm(2) inhibits TG-induced BIP and ORP150 over expression. Experimental controls showed that this inhibition is linked to the thermal effect resulting from the MMW exposure.
authors.affiliation: Transcription, Environment and Cancer Group, Institute of Research in Environmental and Occupational Health-IRSET, INSERM, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Quément
authors.forename: Christophe Nicolas
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Nicolaz
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Habauzit
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhadobov
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauleau
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Dréan
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D059015:Wireless Technology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C050087:oxygen-regulated proteins; D019284:Thapsigargin
keywords: 60-GHz band; BIP; ORP-150; biological effects; keratinocytes; millimeter waves