title: 1,8-Cineole ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced ischaemic injury by reducing oxidative stress in rat cortical neuron/glia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1,8-Cineole, the main monoterpene in many essential oils, has been used as an ingredient in flavourings and medicine. 1,8-Cineole has been shown to possess pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive actions. However, to date, no studies have examined the potential of 1,8-cineole to protect against cerebral ischaemic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,8-cineole against cortical neuronal/glial cell injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in an in-vitro model of ischaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,8-Cineole significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cortical cell injury, as well as reduced n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell injury. However, it did not inhibit NMDA-induced cytosolic calcium overload. Nevertheless, 1,8-cineole significantly reduced the OGD/R- and NMDA-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate that 1,8-cineole exerts neuroprotection through its anti-oxidative rather than its anti-excitotoxic, properties. The decrease in OGD/R-induced intracellular superoxide in 1,8-cineole-treated cortical cells was associated with the upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, 1,8-cineole showed direct ROS scavenging activity in an assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these results suggest 1,8-cineole as a potentially effective neuroprotective and anti-oxidative candidate for the treatment of patients with ischaemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sangwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Hyeon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Geun Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.forename: In-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D039821:Monoterpenes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005947:Glucose; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 1,8-cineole; cerebral ischaemia; oxidative stress; oxygen-glucose deprivation; superoxide dismutase