title: Cognitive impairment and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. A heart-brain continuum hypothesis.
abstract: The aging population is increasing and, therefore, a higher prevalence of cardiac disease is emerging; including hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure. Large cohort studies have revealed a relationship among increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in cardiovascular diseases probably due to embolic stroke or chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Thus, the aim of the present review is to overview the studies that investigate the presence and/or the development of cognitive impairments and dementia in patients with varied types of cardiovascular disease. Finally, a continuum among hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure with to the development of cognitive impairment and progression to dementia has been hypothesized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy. Electronic address: p.abete@unina.it.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abete
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Della-Morte
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, AON SS, Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, Ospedale "S. Maria di Ca' Foncello", Treviso, Italy.
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langellotto
authors.affiliation: Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Veruno, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galizia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Canonico
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonaduce
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy; Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Campoli/Telese, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cognitive impairment; Dementia