title: Contribution of renin-angiotensin system to exercise-induced attenuation of aortic remodeling and improvement of endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that exercise alleviates aortic remodeling and preserves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in exercise-induced attenuation of aortic remodeling and improvement of endothelial function in an animal model of human essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 10-week-old male SHR and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were given moderate-intensity exercise for 12weeks (four groups, n=80-86 in each group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, exercise training reduced blood pressure and effectively attenuated aortic remodeling, marked by a reduction in aortic weight/length, wall thickness, and aortic levels of elastin and hydroxyproline, and improved endothelium-mediated vascular relaxations of aortas in response to acetylcholine. Exercise training in SHR reduced angiotensin II (AngII) levels and enhanced Ang-(1-7) levels in aortas. Exercise training in SHR suppressed aortic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein expression and up-regulated ACE2, AngII type 2 receptor, and Mas mRNA levels and protein expression. In addition, exercise training in SHR increased levels of microRNA-27a (targeting ACE) and microRNA-155 (targeting AT1R) and decreased levels of microRNA-143 (targeting ACE2) in the aortas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic aerobic exercise training improved RAS balance in the aortas, which may in part explain the protective effect of exercise on aortic function and structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic aerobic exercise training improved RAS balance in the aortas, which may explain the protective effect of exercise on aortic function and structure, at least in part.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Electronic address: guqi20123@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Urgery, Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ze
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Aortic remodeling; Endothelial function; Exercise training; MicroRNA; Renin–angiotensin system; Spontaneously hypertensive rats