title: Plasma biosignature and brain pathology related to persistent cognitive impairment in late-life depression.
abstract: Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among individuals with late-life depression (LLD) and tends to persist even after successful treatment. The biological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in LLD are complex and likely involve abnormalities in multiple pathways, or 'cascades,' reflected in specific biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate peripheral (blood-based) evidence for biological pathways associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with LLD. To this end, we used a data-driven comprehensive proteomic analysis (multiplex immunoassay including 242 proteins), along with measures of structural brain abnormalities (gray matter atrophy and white matter hyperintensity volume via magnetic resonance imaging), and brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition (PiB-positron emission tomography). We analyzed data from 80 older adults with remitted major depression (36 with mild cognitive impairment (LLD+MCI) and 44 with normal cognitive (LLD+NC)) function. LLD+MCI was associated with differential expression of 24 proteins (P<0.05 and q-value <0.30) related mainly to the regulation of immune-inflammatory activity, intracellular signaling, cell survival and protein and lipid homeostasis. Individuals with LLD+MCI also showed greater white matter hyperintensity burden compared with LLD+NC (P=0.015). We observed no differences in gray matter volume or brain Aβ deposition between groups. Machine learning analysis showed that a group of three proteins (Apo AI, IL-12 and stem cell factor) yielded accuracy of 81.3%, sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 86.4% in discriminating participants with MCI from those with NC function (with an averaged cross-validation accuracy of 76.3%, sensitivity of 69.4% and specificity of 81.8% with nested cross-validation considering the model selection bias). Cognitive impairment in LLD seems to be related to greater cerebrovascular disease along with abnormalities in immune-inflammatory control, cell survival, intracellular signaling, protein and lipid homeostasis, and clotting processes. These results suggest that individuals with LLD and cognitive impairment may be more vulnerable to accelerated brain aging and shed light on possible mediators of their elevated risk for progression to dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sibille
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aizenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Klunk
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Butters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles
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