title: Complications after subpectoral biceps tenodesis using a dual suture anchor technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variety of fixation techniques for subpectoral biceps tenodeses have been described including interference screw and suture anchor fixation. Biomechanical data suggests that dual suture anchor fixation has equivalent strength compared to interference screw fixation. The purpose of the study is to determine the early complication rate after subpectoral biceps tenodesis utilizing a dual suture anchor technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 open subpectoral biceps tenodeses were performed over a 3-year period using a dual suture anchor technique. There were 72 male and 31 female shoulders. The average age at the time of tenodesis was 45.5 years. 41 patients had a minimum of 6 months clinical follow-up (range, 6 to 45 months). The tenodesis was performed for biceps tendonitis, superior labral tears, biceps tendon subluxation, biceps tendon partial tears, and revisions of prior tenodeses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 7 complications (7%) in the entire group. There were 4 superficial wound infections (4%). There were 2 temporary nerve palsies (2%) resulting from the interscalene block. One patient had persistent numbness of the ear and a second patient had a temporary phrenic nerve palsy resulting in respiratory dysfunction and hospital admission. One patient developed a pulmonary embolism requiring hospital admission and anticoagulation. There were no hematomas, wound dehiscences, peripheral nerve injuries, or ruptures. In the sub-group of patients with a minimum of 6 months clinical follow-up, the only complication was a single wound infection treated with oral antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subpectoral biceps tenodesis utilizing a dual suture anchor technique has a low early complication rate with no ruptures or deep infections. The complication rate is comparable to those previously reported for interference screw subpectoral tenodesis and should be considered as a reasonable alternative to interference screw fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV-Retrospective Case Series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abtahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Erin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Robert Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Tashjian
keywords: Biceps; complications; subpectoral; tenodesis
   Key Message: Subpectoral biceps tenodesis utilizing a dual suture anchor technique provides a low early complication rate comparable to previously reported rates for interference screw fixation. These early clinical findings are consistent with
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