title: Central nervous system dysfunction in obesity-induced hypertension.
abstract: The activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a major mechanism underlying both human and experimental models of obesity-related hypertension. While insulin and the adipokine leptin have long been thought to contribute to obesity-related neurogenic mechanisms, the evidence is now very strong that they play a major role, shown particularly in animal studies using selective receptor antagonists. There is not just maintenance of leptin's sympatho-excitatory actions as previously suggested but considerable amplification particularly in renal sympathetic nervous activity. Importantly, these changes are not dependent on short-term elevation or reduction in plasma leptin or insulin, but require some weeks to develop indicating a slow "neural adaptivity" within hypothalamic signalling. These effects can be carried across generations even when offspring are raised on a normal diet. A better understanding of the underlying mechanism should be a high research priority given the prevalence of obesity not just in the current population but also for future generations.
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia, geoff.head@baker.edu.au.
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Kyungjoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barzel
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Davern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
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