title: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer characterisation: correlations between the apparent diffusion coefficient and major prognostic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was done to investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and prognostic factors of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2008 to June 2011, all consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent surgery in our hospital were enrolled in our study. The MRI protocol included a diffusion-weighted imaging sequence with b values of 0 and 1,000 s/mm(2). For each target lesion in the breast, the ADC value was compared with regard to major prognostic factors: histology, tumour grade, tumour size, lymph node status, and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 289 patients with a mean age of 53.49 years were included in the study. The mean ADC value of malignant lesions was 1.02 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. In situ carcinomas, grade 1 lesions, and tumours without lymph nodal involvement had mean ADC values that were significantly higher than those of invasive carcinomas (p = 0.009), grade 2/3 lesions (p < 0.001), and tumours with nodal metastases (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in ADC values among tumours of different sizes or among patient age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADC values appear to correlate with tumour grade and some major prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy, pbelli@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Enida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bufi
authors.forename: Giuseppe Giovanni
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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