title: Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. All bird species are considered susceptible to ND virus (NDV) infection but little is known about the role that wild birds play in the epidemiology of the virus. We present a long-term monitoring of 9000 wild birds in four African countries. Overall, 3·06% of the birds were PCR-positive for NDV infection, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 10% depending on the season, the site and the species considered. Our study shows that ND is circulating continuously and homogeneously in a large range of wild bird species. Several genotypes of NDV circulate concurrently in different species and are phylogenetically closely related to strains circulating in local domestic poultry, suggesting that wild birds may play several roles in the epidemiology of different NDV strains in Africa. We recommend that any strategic plan aiming at controlling ND in Africa should take into account the potential role of the local wild bird community in the transmission of the disease.
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cappelle
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-BIOS,UMR CMAEE, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Servan De Almeida
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-BIOS,UMR CMAEE, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedrono
authors.affiliation: National University of Science and Technology,Bulawayo,Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mundava
authors.affiliation: Direction Nationale des Eaux et Forêts,Bamako,Mali.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fofana
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balança
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire,Bamako,Mali.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dakouo
authors.affiliation: Centre National d'Elevage et de Recherche Vétérinaires (CNERV),Nouakchott,Mauritania.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ould El Mamy
authors.affiliation: Poultry Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science,University of Pretoria,Onderstepoort,South Africa.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abolnik
authors.affiliation: FOFIFA-DRZV,Antananarivo,Madagascar.
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Maminiaina
authors.affiliation: Percy FitzPatrick Institute,University of Cape Town,Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701,South Africa.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: M-N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: De Visscher
authors.affiliation: INRA,UMR1309 CMAEE, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albina
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.affiliation: CIRAD-ES,UR AGIRs, F34398 Montpellier,France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaidet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D008270:Madagascar / Q000453:epidemiology; D008302:Mali / Q000453:epidemiology; D008435:Mauritania / Q000453:epidemiology; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Zimbabwe
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