title: Rapid light-induced activation of retinal microglia in mice lacking Arrestin-1.
abstract: Microglia dynamically prune synaptic contacts during development, and digest waste that accumulates in degeneration and aging. In many neurodegenerative diseases, microglial activation and phagocytosis gradually increase over months or years, with poorly defined initial triggering events. Here, we describe rapid retinal microglial activation in response to physiological light levels in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration that arises from defective rhodopsin deactivation and prolonged signaling. Activation, migration and proliferation of microglia proceeded along a well-defined time course apparent within 12 h of light onset. Retinal imaging in vivo with optical coherence tomography revealed dramatic increases in light-scattering from photoreceptors prior to the outer nuclear layer thinning classically used as a measure of retinal neurodegeneration. This model is valuable for mechanistic studies of microglial activation in a well-defined and optically accessible neural circuit, and for the development of novel methods for detecting early signs of pending neurodegeneration in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Azhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zam
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pechko
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Xinlei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Center for Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Edward N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.affiliation: Center for Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zawadzki
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States; Center for Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States. Electronic address: meburns@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Burns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019393:Arrestin / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D019393:Arrestin
keywords: Microglia; Neurodegeneration; Photoreceptors; Phototransduction; Retina
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