title: Impact of exercise training without caloric restriction on inflammation, insulin resistance and visceral fat mass in obese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise training has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health in obese adolescents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the impact of a 12-week exercise-training programme (without caloric restriction) on obese adolescents' cardiometabolic and vascular risk profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured systemic markers of oxidation, inflammation, metabolic variables and endothelial function in 20 obese adolescents (OB) (age: 14.5 ± 1.5 years; body mass index: 34.0 ± 4.7 kg m(-2) ) and 20 age- and gender-matched normal-weight adolescents (NW). Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imagery. Peak aerobic capacity and maximal fat oxidation were evaluated during specific incremental exercise tests. OB participated in a 12-week exercise-training programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OB presented lower peak aerobic capacity (24.2 ± 5.9 vs. 39.8 ± 8.3 mL kg(-1)  min(-1) , P < 0.05) and maximal fat oxidation compared with NW (P < 0.05). OB displayed greater F2t-Isoprostanes (20.5 ± 6.7 vs. 13.4 ± 4.2 ng mmol(-1) creatinine), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) (1794.8 ± 532.2 vs. 835.1 ± 1027.4 pg mL(-1) ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.0 pg mL(-1) ), Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Type II Receptor (sTNFαRII), leptin, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, version 2 (HOMA2-IR), high-sensitive C-reactive protein, triglycerides and lower adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.05). After exercise training, despite lack of weight loss, VO2peak (mL.kg(-1) .min(-1) ) and maximal fat oxidation increased (P < 0.05). IL-1Ra and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) decreased (P < 0.05). Insulin and HOMA2-IR decreased (14.8 ± 1.5 vs. 10.2 ± 4.2 μUI mL(-1) and 1.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively, P < 0.05). Change in visceral fat mass was inversely associated with change in maximal fat oxidation (r = -0.54; P = 0.024). The subgroup of participants that lost visceral fat mass showed greater improvements in triglycerides, insulin resistance and maximal fat oxidation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirms the role of exercise training on improving the inflammatory profile and insulin resistance of OB in the absence of weight loss. However, those who lost a greater amount of visceral fat mass showed greater benefits in terms of insulin profile, triglycerides and maximal fat oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A-S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Michallet
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monneret
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: SCRIMM-Sud, Département d'imagerie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Estève
authors.affiliation: Service d'Immunologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires et Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Favre-Juvin
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pépin
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wuyam
authors.affiliation: Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.|Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.|CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D055070:Resistance Training; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Exercise training; inflammation; insulin resistance; visceral fat