title: ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 control LDLR mRNA stability via the ERK-RSK pathway.
abstract: Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA is unstable, but is stabilized upon extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, possibly through the binding of certain proteins to the LDLR mRNA 3'-untranslated region (UTR), although the detailed mechanism underlying this stability control is unclear. Here, using a proteomic approach, we show that proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 specifically bind to the 3'-UTR of LDLR mRNA and recruit the CCR4-NOT-deadenylase complex, resulting in mRNA destabilization. We also show that the C-terminal regions of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are directly phosphorylated by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase, a kinase downstream of ERK, resulting in dissociation of the CCR4-NOT-deadenylase complex and stabilization of LDLR mRNA. We further demonstrate that targeted disruption of the interaction between LDLR mRNA and ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 using antisense oligonucleotides results in upregulation of LDLR mRNA and protein. These results indicate that ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 regulate LDLR protein levels downstream of ERK. Our results also show the usefulness of our method for identifying critical regulators of specific RNAs and the potency of antisense oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan Galaxy Pharma Inc., Akita 010-0951, Japan.
authors.forename: Shungo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Homoto
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan Galaxy Pharma Inc., Akita 010-0951, Japan.
authors.forename: Rikou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hioki
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iemura
authors.affiliation: Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan t-natsume@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Natsume
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D051817:Butyrate Response Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D051817:Butyrate Response Factor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D014157:Transcription Factors; C102034:ZFP36L1 protein, human; C091750:ZFP36L2 protein, human; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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