title: Modeling the association between lifecourse socioeconomic disadvantage and systemic inflammation in healthy adults: The role of self-control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify pathways connecting lifecourse socioeconomic status (SES) with chronic, low-grade inflammation, focusing on the explanatory roles of self-control, abdominal adiposity, and health practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 360 adults aged 15-55 who were free of chronic medical conditions. They were roughly equally divided between low and high current SES, with each group further divided between low and high early-life SES. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify direct and indirect pathways linking early-life and current SES with low-grade, chronic inflammation in adulthood, as manifest by serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Low SES was hypothesized to relate to inflammation by reducing self-control, which in turn was hypothesized to facilitate lifestyle factors that potentiate inflammation (smoking, alcohol use, sedentary behavior, and weight gain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed that self-control was pivotal in linking both early-life and current SES to inflammation. Low early-life SES was related to a harsher family climate, and in turn lower adult self-control, over and above the effects of current SES. Controlling for early-life SES, low current SES was associated with perceived stress and, in turn, diminished self-control. Results showed that lower self-control primarily operated through higher abdominal adiposity to associate with greater inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest a mechanistic scenario wherein low SES in early life or adulthood depletes self-control and, in turn, fosters adiposity and inflammation. These pathways should be studied longitudinally to elucidate and potentially ameliorate socioeconomic disparities in health.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University.
authors.forename: Camelia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hostinar
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Northwestern University.
authors.forename: Kharah M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009765:Obesity; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D000068356:Self-Control; D012923:Social Class; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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