title: Ureteral strictures revisited…trying to see the light at the end of the tunnel: a comprehensive review.
abstract: A ureteral stricture is a rather rare urological event defined as a narrowing of the ureter causing a functional obstruction and renal failure, if left untreated. The aim of this review article is to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the incidence, pathogenesis, management, and follow up of proximal, mid, and distal ureteral strictures.
authors.affiliation: 1 Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden .
authors.forename: Stavros I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tyritzis
authors.forename: Nils Peter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Wiklund
mesh_terms: D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004106:Dilatation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015607:Stents; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014519:Ureterostomy