title: Reactive oxygen species adversely impacts bone marrow microenvironment in diabetes.
abstract: Significance: Patients with diabetes mellitus suffer an excess of cardiovascular complications and recover worse from them as compared with their nondiabetic peers. It is well known that microangiopathy is the cause of renal damage, blindness, and heart attacks in patients with diabetes. This review highlights molecular deficits in stem cells and a supporting microenvironment, which can be traced back to oxidative stress and ultimately reduce stem cells therapeutic potential in diabetic patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  New research has shown that increased oxidative stress contributes to inducing microangiopathy in bone marrow (BM), the tissue contained inside the bones and the main source of stem cells. These precious cells not only replace old blood cells but also exert an important reparative function after acute injuries and heart attacks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The starvation of BM as a consequence of microangiopathy can lead to a less efficient healing in diabetic patients with ischemic complications. Furthermore, stem cells from a patient's BM are the most used in regenerative medicine trials to mend hearts damaged by heart attacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A deeper understanding of redox signaling in BM stem cells will lead to new modalities for preserving local and systemic homeostasis and to more effective treatments of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
authors.affiliation: 1 Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mangialardi
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spinetti
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reni
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madeddu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000235:genetics; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
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