title: [Placebo analgesia and sleep].
abstract: The placebo response is a psychobiological phenomenon for clinical benefits following the administration of an inert substance whatever its form. This phenomenon can be attributed to a wide range of neurobiological processes, such as expectations of relief, the Pavlovian conditioning and learning, emotional regulation, and reward mechanisms, which are themselves under the influence of processes that take place during sleep. The study of placebo analgesia in healthy from a placebo conditioning associated with analgesic suggestions has highlighted a relationship between sleep, expectations of relief and placebo analgesia: when the induction is persuasive before sleep, expectations of relief modulate placebo response the next morning and paradoxical sleep correlates negatively with both expectations and the placebo response. When the analgesic experience before sleep is less persuasive, expectations of relief are still present but no longer interact with placebo analgesia while paradoxical sleep no longer correlates with the analgesic placebo response. Sleep-processes especially during paradoxical sleep seem to influence the relationship between expectations of relief and placebo analgesia. In this review, we describe the relationship between sleep and placebo analgesia, the mechanisms involved in the placebo response (e.g., conditioning, learning, memory, reward) and their potential link with sleep that could make it a special time for the building placebo response.
authors.affiliation: Facultés de médecine dentaire et de médecine, université de Montréal, pavillon Roger-Gaudry - entrée B-1, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche avancée en médecine du sommeil, hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Québec, Canada; Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR 5292, unité NeuroPain, intégration centrale de la douleur chez l'homme, centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon, hôpital neurologique unité hypnologie, RdJ, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France. Electronic address: florianchouchou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chouchou
authors.affiliation: Facultés de médecine dentaire et de médecine, université de Montréal, pavillon Roger-Gaudry - entrée B-1, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche avancée en médecine du sommeil, hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: gilles.lavigne@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: G-J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lavigne
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000523:psychology*; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications*; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D015990:Placebo Effect; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Attente de soulagement; Douleur; Expectation of relief; Pain; Paradoxical sleep; Placebo; Sleep; Sommeil; Sommeil paradoxal