title: Evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis secondary to oral contraceptive use in adolescents.
abstract: Our goal was to evaluate the clinical patterns, additional risk factors, treatment and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) related to adolescent oral contraceptive pill (OCP) usage. We evaluated 22 patients with CVT related to OCPs admitted to Firat and Dicle University Hospitals from January 2008 to January 2013. We assessed the clinical features, risk factors, imaging results and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance were the preferred procedures for the diagnosis of CVT. MRI revealed parenchymal lesions in 11 (50 %) patients, and the remaining patients had normal MRIs. The sinuses most frequently affected by thrombosis were the superior sagittal sinus and the transverse sinus. The additional risk factors identified for CVT were antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C deficiency, protein C and S deficiency, factor V Leiden associated with heterozygous antithrombin III deficiency, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and prothrombin gene mutations. CVT may be overlooked in adolescents because it is more common among middle-aged and elderly adults. CVT should be suspected in the presence of neurological symptoms in adolescents, especially in those using OCPs.
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey, drhasanh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hasan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.forename: Sefer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.forename: Eşref
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akıl
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Caner F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Demir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010690:Phlebography; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral
references.citation: Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2009 Oct;14(4):349-54
references.pmid: 21048649
references.citation: J Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Dec;47(12):893-7
references.pmid: 21658146
references.citation: J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2012 Jan-Mar;24(1):63-7
references.pmid: 23855098
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 28;352(17):1791-8
references.pmid: 15858188
references.citation: Radiographics. 2006 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S19-41; discussion S42-3
references.pmid: 17050515
references.citation: Hum Reprod Update. 2013 Sep-Oct;19(5):471-82
references.pmid: 23825156
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;76(8):1084-7
references.pmid: 16024884
references.citation: Coll Antropol. 2007 Sep;31(3):919-21
references.pmid: 18041407
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Jun 18;338(25):1793-7
references.pmid: 9632445
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Jun 29;121(25):2740-6
references.pmid: 20547928
references.citation: Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2011 Oct;16(4):329-34
references.pmid: 21983375
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Nov 15;144(6):655-60
references.pmid: 7137249
references.citation: Stroke. 2004 Mar;35(3):664-70
references.pmid: 14976332
references.citation: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013 Nov;22(8):1252-7
references.pmid: 22902146
references.citation: J Reprod Med. 2003 Nov;48(11 Suppl):930-8
references.pmid: 14686030
references.citation: Rev Med Interne. 2006 Feb;27(2):117-24
references.pmid: 16046033
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 1999 Jul;25(1):40-5
references.pmid: 10418884
references.citation: BJOG. 2010 Jan;117(2):185-92
references.pmid: 19874294
references.citation: J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2008 Aug;26(1):41-3
references.pmid: 17823778
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Nov;207(5):377.e1-8
references.pmid: 22959762
references.citation: Acta Med Port. 2011 Jan-Feb;24(1):21-8
references.pmid: 21672438
references.citation: Thromb Res. 2012 Oct;130 Suppl 1:S19-22
references.pmid: 23026652
references.citation: Clin Radiol. 1997 Sep;52(9):672-9
references.pmid: 9313731