title: Does a child's fear of needles decrease through a learning event with needles?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most children have a fear of needles. Suitable preparation can decrease the pain and fear of needles in hospitals; however, few have examined how such preparation affects healthy children. This study examined whether learning with needles decreases fear of needles and changes motivation to get vaccinations in school-age children and the possible association between fear of needles and motivation toward vaccinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included children participating in the "Let's Be Doctors" event, which was held in 4 child centers in Tsukuba city, Ibaraki, Japan. In this event, children learned about injections and how a vaccine works, and injected a vaccine (water) into skin (sponge) using a real syringe and imitation needle. Data were collected just before and after the event by anonymous self-assessment questionnaires that used a 4-point Likert scale to assess fear of needles, motivation to get vaccinations, recommendation of vaccinations, and fear toward doctors among the children. Answers were divided into two categories for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 194 children participated in the event and 191 children answered the questionnaire (response rate 98.5%). We analyzed 180 subjects, comprising 79 boys (43.9%) and 94 girls (52.2%), mean age of 8.1 ± 1.0 years. The number of children reporting a fear of needles decreased from 69 (38.3%) before the event to 51 (28.3%) after the event, and those unwilling to get vaccinations decreased from 48 (26.7%) to 27 (15.0%). Children who reported fear of needles before the event were more unwilling to get vaccinations than those with no fear of needles (36 [52.2%] vs. 12 [10.8%]), while after the event the number of needle-fearing children unwilling to get vaccinations decreased to 19 (27.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children's fear of needles and unwillingness to get vaccinations were decreased after experiencing a learning event with needles. The fear of needles is associated with a negative motivation to get vaccinations in children.
authors.affiliation: Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital , Japan and.
authors.forename: Natsuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: Takami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeno
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Fear of needle Health education; health promotion; school-age; vaccination