title: Trehalose lipid biosurfactants produced by the actinomycetes Tsukamurella spumae and T. pseudospumae.
abstract: Actinomycetales are known to produce various secondary metabolites including products with surface-active and emulsifying properties known as biosurfactants. In this study, the nonpathogenic actinomycetes Tsukamurella spumae and Tsukamurella pseudospumae are described as producers of extracellular trehalose lipid biosurfactants when grown on sunflower oil or its main component glyceryltrioleate. Crude extracts of the trehalose lipids were purified using silica gel chromatography. The structure of the two trehalose lipid components (TL A and TL B) was elucidated using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight/tandem mass spectroscopy (MALDI-ToF-ToF/MS/MS) and multidimensional NMR experiments. The biosurfactants were identified as 1-α-glucopyranosyl-1-α-glucopyranosid carrying two acyl chains varying of C4 to C6 and C16 to C18 at the 2' and 3' carbon atom of one sugar unit. The trehalose lipids produced demonstrate surface-active behavior and emulsifying capacity. Classified as risk group 1 organisms, T. spumae and T. pseudospumae hold potential for the production of environmentally friendly surfactants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte Ring 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany, johannes.kuegler@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kügler
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muhle-Goll
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kühl
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinzler
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirschhöfer
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henkel
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luy
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brenner-Weiss
authors.forename: Siegmund
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Syldatk
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hausmann
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014199:Trehalose / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008055:Lipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014199:Trehalose