title: Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability and validity of the Dutch Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE-D).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lateral Epicondylalgia (LE) is a common injury for which no reliable and valid measure exists to determine severity in the Dutch language. The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) is the first questionnaire specifically designed for LE but in English. The aim of this study was to translate into Dutch and cross-culturally adapt the PRTEE and determine reliability and validity of the PRTEE-D (Dutch version).
  
  
  METHODS
  The PRTEE was cross-culturally adapted according to international guidelines. Participants (n = 122) were asked to fill out the PRTEE-D twice with a one week interval to assess test-retest reliability. Internal consistency of the PRTEE-D was determined by calculating Crohnbach's alphas for the questionnaire and subscales. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated for the overall PRTEE-D score, pain and function subscale and individual questions to determine test-retest reliability. Additionally, the Disabilities for the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores were obtained from 30 patients to assess construct validity; Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between the PRTEE-D (subscales) and DASH and VAS-pain scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PRTEE was successfully cross-culturally adapted into Dutch (PRTEE-D). Crohnbach's alpha for the first assessment of the PRTEE-D was 0.98; Crohnbach's alpha was 0.93 for the pain subscale and 0.97 for the function subscale. ICC for the PRTEE-D was 0.98; subscales also showed excellent ICC values (pain scale 0.97 and function scale 0.97). A significant moderate correlation exists between PRTEE-D and DASH (0.65) and PRTEE-D and VAS pain (0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PRTEE was successfully cross-culturally adapted and this study showed that the PRTEE-D is reliable and valid to obtain an indication of severity of LE. An easy-to-use instrument for practitioners is now available and this facilitates comparing Dutch and international research data.
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Sports Medicine, University Center for Sport, Exercise and Health, P,O, Box 30,001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. m.van.ark@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Mathijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ark
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwerver
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Diercks
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van den Akker-Scheek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013716:Tennis Elbow / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
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