title: The feasibility and acceptability of groups for pain management in methadone maintenance treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effective and safe pain management interventions in methadone maintenance treatment are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the feasibility (ie, single-session attendance) and acceptability (ie, patient satisfaction and booster session attendance) of cognitive-behavioral therapy-informed groups for pain management-Coping With Pain, Relaxation Training, Group Singing, and Mindful Walking. Pre- and postsession measures were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 349 (out of a census of approximately 800) methadone-maintained patients attended at least 1 of the groups. Group satisfaction was high. Booster session attendance was numerically lower in Mindful Walking (14%) than in the other groups (at least 40%). Repeat attendance at Coping With Pain was associated with reduced characteristic pain intensity and depression, whereas repeat attendance at Relaxation Training was associated with decreased anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coping With Pain, Relaxation Training, and Group Singing are transportable, affordable, adaptable, and tolerated well by patients with pain and show promise as components of a multimodal pain management approach in methadone maintenance treatment.
authors.affiliation: From the Yale University School of Medicine (DTB, MB, CJC, RSS, RDK, BAM, LO, MTJ, KMC), New Haven, CT; APT Foundation Pain Treatment Services (DTB, JDS, MB, CJC, LO, NK, CL), New Haven, CT; and VA Connecticut Healthcare System (RDK), West Haven.
authors.forename: Declan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Savant
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beitel
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cutter
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schottenfeld
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kerns
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oberleitner
authors.forename: Michelle T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Joy
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keneally
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liong
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000379:methods; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012064:Relaxation Therapy
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone
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