title: Optogenetics: opsins and optical interfaces in neuroscience.
abstract: Optogenetics is defined as the integration of optics and genetics to control well-defined events within specified cells of living tissue. In this introduction, we focus on the basic techniques necessary for employing microbial opsins as optogenetic tools in mammalian brains. We provide a guide for the fundamentals of optogenetic application-selecting an opsin, implementing expression of opsins based on the neuroscientific experimental requirements, and adapting the corresponding optical hardware for delivery of light into mammalian brains.
authors.forename: Antoine R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Adamantidis
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Lecea
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deisseroth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008322:Mammals; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000379:methods*; D055355:Opsins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D055355:Opsins