title: Seroincidence of human infections with nontyphoid Salmonella compared with data from public health surveillance and food animals in 13 European countries.
abstract: We developed a model that enabled a back-calculation of the annual salmonellosis seroincidence from measurements of Salmonella antibodies and applied this model to 9677 serum samples collected from populations in 13 European countries. We found a 10-fold difference in the seroincidence, which was lowest in Sweden (0.06 infections per person-year), Finland (0.07), and Denmark (0.08) and highest in Spain (0.61), followed by Poland (0.55). These numbers were not correlated with the reported national incidence of Salmonella infections in humans but were correlated with prevalence data of Salmonella in laying hens (P < .001), broilers (P < .001), and slaughter pigs (P = .03). Seroincidence also correlated with Swedish data on the country-specific risk of travel-associated Salmonella infections (P = .001). Estimates based on seroepidemiological methods are well suited to measure the force of transmission of Salmonella to human populations, in particular relevant for assessments where data include notifications from areas, states or countries with diverse characteristics of the Salmonella surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mølbak
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology Research.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology.
authors.forename: Charlotte S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krogfelt
authors.affiliation: Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falkenhorst
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ethelberg
authors.affiliation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takkinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Hanne-Dorthe
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Emborg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: food animals; incidence; nontyphoid Salmonella; seroepidemiology; surveillance
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