title: Robotic nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumors: Current status.
abstract: There have been a number of advances in robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for renal masses. We reviewed these advances with emphasis on the evolution of technique and outcomes as well as the expanding indications for RPN. Literature in the English language was reviewed using the National Library of Medicine database. Relevant articles were extracted, and their citations were utilized to broaden our search. The identified articles were reviewed and summarized with a focus on novel developments. RPN is an evolving procedure and is an emerging viable alternative to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy with favorable outcomes. The contemporary techniques used for RPN demonstrate excellent perioperative outcomes. The short-term oncologic outcomes are comparable to those of laparoscopic and open surgical approaches. Further studies are needed to assess long-term oncologic control.
authors.affiliation: Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, USC Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Raed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, USC Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Inderbir S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, USC Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Monish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aron
keywords: Outcomes; partial nephrectomy; renal cell carcinoma; robotic surgery
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2011 Apr;59(4):543-52
references.pmid: 21186077
references.citation: J Urol. 2011 Aug;186(2):405-10
references.pmid: 21680004
references.citation: Urol Clin North Am. 2008 Aug;35(3):397-414, viii
references.pmid: 18761195
references.citation: J Urol. 2006 Feb;175(2):425-31
references.pmid: 16406965
references.citation: J Urol. 2008 Dec;180(6):2375-8
references.pmid: 18930268
references.citation: J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4):1271-9
references.pmid: 19683266
references.citation: J Urol. 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2181-5, quiz 2435
references.pmid: 15126781
references.citation: Urology. 2009 Feb;73(2):306-10
references.pmid: 19038419
references.citation: Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Dec;75(12):1236-42
references.pmid: 11126830
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2006 Apr;49(4):660-5
references.pmid: 16504373
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2006 Dec;50(6):1263-8; discussion 1269-71
references.pmid: 16787695
references.citation: Urology. 2006 Feb;67(2):254-9
references.pmid: 16442601
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2009 Jun;55(6):1410-8
references.pmid: 18692300
references.citation: J Urol. 2008 Dec;180(6):2353-6; discussion 2356
references.pmid: 18930263
references.citation: BJU Int. 2012 Apr;109(7):1013-8
references.pmid: 21883829
references.citation: J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1):36-42
references.pmid: 23164381
references.citation: Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10):2671-80
references.pmid: 18816624
references.citation: J Urol. 2005 Feb;173(2):391-4
references.pmid: 15643178
references.citation: Cancer J. 2008 Sep-Oct;14(5):288-301
references.pmid: 18836333
references.citation: Urology. 2009 May;73(5):1077-82
references.pmid: 19394509
references.citation: BJU Int. 2011 May;107(9):1460-6
references.pmid: 20831568
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2012 Jan;61(1):211-7
references.pmid: 21937162
references.citation: Urology. 2005 Mar;65(3):463-6
references.pmid: 15780356
references.citation: Urology. 2010 Sep;76(3):754-8
references.pmid: 20646744
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 23;351(13):1296-305
references.pmid: 15385656
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2009 Oct;56(4):625-34
references.pmid: 19656615
references.citation: J Urol. 2007 Jul;178(1):41-6
references.pmid: 17574056
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2011 Jan;59(1):128-34
references.pmid: 20971550
references.citation: J Urol. 2004 Aug;172(2):458-60
references.pmid: 15247702
references.citation: J Urol. 2011 Feb;185(2):421-7
references.pmid: 21167524
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2009 Mar;55(3):592-9
references.pmid: 19144457
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2010 Feb;57(2):310-6
references.pmid: 19945213
references.citation: J Endourol. 2010 Oct;24(10):1603-7
references.pmid: 20932215
references.citation: Urology. 2012 Feb;79(2):356-60
references.pmid: 22310752
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Feb;19(2):694-700
references.pmid: 21861225
references.citation: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 Apr;11(2):171-8
references.pmid: 11984136
references.citation: J Urol. 2008 Mar;179(3):847-51; discussion 852
references.pmid: 18221958
references.citation: Urology. 2009 Oct;74(4):735-40
references.pmid: 19616827
references.citation: J Urol. 2005 Jan;173(1):42-7
references.pmid: 15592022
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2012 Jan;61(1):67-74
references.pmid: 21908096
references.citation: J Urol. 2004 Mar;171(3):1066-70
references.pmid: 14767272
references.citation: J Urol. 2000 Feb;163(2):442-5
references.pmid: 10647650
references.citation: BJU Int. 2012 Jan;109(1):118-24
references.pmid: 21895929
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2011 May;59(5):849-55
references.pmid: 21146917
references.citation: J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4):1280-6
references.pmid: 19683275
references.citation: J Urol. 2012 Feb;187(2):387-8
references.pmid: 22177156
references.citation: J Urol. 2007 Jun;177(6):2067-73; discussion 2073
references.pmid: 17509287
references.citation: BJU Int. 2012 May;109(10):1457-62
references.pmid: 21933334
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2006 Feb;49(2):308-13
references.pmid: 16359779
references.citation: J Urol. 2005 Sep;174(3):846-9
references.pmid: 16093967
references.citation: Curr Opin Urol. 2009 Mar;19(2):138-42
references.pmid: 19188767
references.citation: JAMA. 1999 May 5;281(17):1628-31
references.pmid: 10235157
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2010 Sep-Oct;60(5):277-300
references.pmid: 20610543
references.citation: J Urol. 2000 Mar;163(3):730-6
references.pmid: 10687966
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2012 Dec;62(6):1009-10; discussion 1011-2
references.pmid: 22858457
references.citation: Urology. 2010 Oct;76(4):883-8
references.pmid: 20932408
references.citation: J Urol. 2012 Mar;187(3):807-14
references.pmid: 22248519
references.citation: J Urol. 2011 Aug;186(2):417-21
references.pmid: 21679980
references.citation: BJU Int. 2011 Sep;108(6 Pt 2):948-54
references.pmid: 21917096
references.citation: J Urol. 2003 Jul;170(1):52-6
references.pmid: 12796643
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Sep 20;98(18):1331-4
references.pmid: 16985252
references.citation: Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;115(13):2844-52
references.pmid: 19402168
references.citation: BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(10):1544-56
references.pmid: 22443296
references.citation: Ann Surg. 2009 Aug;250(2):187-96
references.pmid: 19638912
references.citation: J Urol. 2008 Feb;179(2):627-32; discussion 632
references.pmid: 18082215
references.citation: J Urol. 2009 Sep;182(3):866-72
references.pmid: 19616229
references.citation: Urology. 2012 May;79(5):1052-6
references.pmid: 22546382
references.citation: J Endourol. 2011 Apr;25(4):553-7
references.pmid: 21381954
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2011 Mar;59(3):325-30
references.pmid: 21144643
references.citation: J Urol. 2006 Jun;175(6):2022-6; discussion 2026
references.pmid: 16697790
references.citation: J Urol. 2010 Feb;183(2):473-9
references.pmid: 20006866
references.citation: J Urol. 2012 Apr;187(4):1190-4
references.pmid: 22335869
references.citation: J Urol. 2002 Oct;168(4 Pt 1):1356-9; discussion 1359-60
references.pmid: 12352392
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2010 Sep;58(3):340-5
references.pmid: 20825756
references.citation: Curr Opin Urol. 2009 Jan;19(1):102-7
references.pmid: 19057225