title: Physical activity and risk of fatty liver in people with different levels of alcohol consumption: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether physical activity affects the future incidence of fatty liver in people with never-moderate and heavy alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health check-up programme at Meiji Yasuda Shinjuku Medical Center in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,146 people aged 18 years or older without fatty liver enrolled through baseline surveys conducted from 2005 to 2007. They were grouped into never-moderate alcohol drinkers (n=7803) and heavy alcohol drinkers (n=2343) and followed until 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (34,648 person-years), 1255 never-moderate alcohol drinkers developed fatty liver; 520 heavy alcohol drinkers developed fatty liver during a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (9596 person-years). For never-moderate alcohol drinkers, engaging in >3×/week of low-intensity (HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96) and moderate-intensity (HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.81) physical activity significantly reduced incident fatty liver compared with those who engaged in physical activity <1×/week. For vigorous-intensity physical activity, frequencies of 2×/week (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.86) and >3×/week (HR=0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.79) were significantly associated with lower risk of incident fatty liver. In propensity-adjusted models, these significant associations still remained. By contrast, in heavy alcohol drinkers, there were no significant associations between the type or frequency of physical activity and incident fatty liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity had an independent protective effect on incident fatty liver only in the never-moderate alcohol drinkers, and the preventive effect increased with higher frequencies and intensities of physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.affiliation: Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Meiji Yasuda Shinjuku Medical Center, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Meiji Yasuda Wellness Development Office, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuchiki
authors.affiliation: Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D015444:Exercise; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014041:Tokyo
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Hepatology < INTERNAL MEDICINE; SPORTS MEDICINE
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