title: Improvements in memory after medial septum stimulation are associated with changes in hippocampal cholinergic activity and neurogenesis.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been found to have therapeutic effects in patients with dementia, but DBS mechanisms remain elusive. To provide evidence for the effectiveness of DBS as a treatment for dementia, we performed DBS in a rat model of dementia with intracerebroventricular administration of 192 IgG-saporins. We utilized four groups of rats, group 1, unlesioned control; group 2, cholinergic lesion; group 3, cholinergic lesion plus medial septum (MS) electrode implantation (sham stimulation); group 4, cholinergic lesions plus MS electrode implantation and stimulation. During the probe test in the water maze, performance of the lesion group decreased for measures of time spent and the number of swim crossings over the previous platform location. Interestingly, the stimulation group showed an equivalent performance to the normal group on all measures. And these are partially reversed by the electrode implantation. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus was decreased in lesion and implantation groups, whereas activity in the stimulation group was not different from the normal group. Hippocampal neurogenesis was increased in the stimulation group. Our results revealed that DBS of MS restores spatial memory after damage to cholinergic neurons. This effect is associated with an increase in hippocampal cholinergic activity and neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da Un
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea ; Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea ; Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung June
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea ; Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000076985:Saporins; D012686:Septal Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C085696:192 IgG-saporin; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins
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