title: Reliability and validity of the Finnish version of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, patient self-report section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) is one of the most widely used shoulder outcome tools in clinical work and in scientific studies. However, it has not been validated in the Finnish language. The aims of this study were to cross-culturally adapt the ASES to the Finnish language and to study the psychometric properties of the self-report section of the ASES.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 patients with shoulder symptoms answered the questionnaires of the ASES, a single disability question, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). The reliability of the ASES questionnaire was studied using a test-retest procedure at 2-week intervals. Psychometric assessment was performed by testing the construct validity, internal consistency, the criterion validity, and the convergent validity of the ASES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reproducibility and internal consistency of the ASES were 0.83 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.90) and 0.88 (95% Cl 0.84 to 0.91). There were no significant differences between the diagnostic groups in the pain scores from the ASES, and the function score was significantly higher in the instability group compared to the other groups. The convergent validity of the ASES correlated with the SST, r = 0.73 (p < 0.001); the single disability question, r = -0.74 (p < 0.001); and the Physical Component Score of the SF-36, r = 0.57 (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Finnish version of the ASES proved to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing shoulder disabilities in patients with different shoulder diagnoses, including rotator cuff disease, instability, and osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, PL 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. kirsi.piitulainen@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piitulainen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paloneva
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ylinen
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002 Nov-Dec;11(6):587-94
references.pmid: 12469084
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Sep;87(9):2006-11
references.pmid: 16140816
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3186-91
references.pmid: 11124735
references.citation: Rev Bras Reumatol. 2010 Mar-Apr;50(2):176-89
references.pmid: 21125153
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 2003 Dec;19(10):1109-20
references.pmid: 14673454
references.citation: J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008 Mar-Apr;17(2):248-54
references.pmid: 18207432
references.citation: Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2011 Mar;54(2):59-72
references.pmid: 21354384
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2008 Aug;35(8):1528-37
references.pmid: 18484697
references.citation: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Sep;21(9):2184-9
references.pmid: 22932692
references.citation: BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Dec 13;14:348
references.pmid: 24330430
references.citation: Musculoskelet Surg. 2010 May;94 Suppl 1:S85-90
references.pmid: 20383686
references.citation: J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1994 Nov;3(6):347-52
references.pmid: 22958838
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 May 15;61(5):623-32
references.pmid: 19405008
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2010 May;36(3):185-7
references.pmid: 20221572