title: Increased topographical variability of task-related activation in perceptive and motor associative regions in adult autistics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An enhanced plasticity is suspected to play a role in various microstructural alterations, as well as in regional cortical reallocations observed in autism. Combined with multiple indications of enhanced perceptual functioning in autism, and indications of atypical motor functioning, enhanced plasticity predicts a superior variability in functional cortical allocation, predominant in perceptual and motor regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this prediction, we scanned 23 autistics and 22 typical participants matched on age, FSIQ, Raven percentile scores and handedness during a visuo-motor imitation task. For each participant, the coordinates of the strongest task-related activation peak were extracted in the primary (Brodmann area 4) and supplementary (BA 6) motor cortex, the visuomotor superior parietal cortex (BA 7), and the primary (BA 17) and associative (BAs 18 + 19) visual areas. Mean signal changes for each ROI in both hemispheres, and the number of voxels composing the strongest activation cluster were individually extracted to compare intensity and size of the signal between groups. For each ROI, in each hemisphere, and for every participant, the distance from their respective group average was used as a variable of interest to determine group differences in localization variability using repeated measures ANOVAs. Between-group comparison of whole-brain activation was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups displayed a higher mean variability in the localization of activations in the associative areas compared to the primary visual or motor areas. However, despite this shared increased variability in associative cortices, a direct between-group comparison of the individual variability in localization of the activation revealed a significantly greater variability in the autistic group than in the typical group in the left visuo-motor superior parietal cortex (BA 7) and in the left associative visual areas (BAs 18 + 19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different and possibly unique strategies are used by each autistic individual. That enhanced variability in localization of activations in the autistic group is found in regions typically more variable in non-autistics raises the possibility that autism involves an enhancement and/or an alteration of typical plasticity mechanisms. The current study also highlights the necessity to verify, in fMRI studies involving autistic people, that hypoactivation at the group level does not result from each individual successfully completing a task using a unique brain allocation, even by comparison to his own group.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Excellence en Troubles Envahissants du Dèc)veloppement de l'Universitèc) de Montrèc)al (CETEDUM), Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santèc) mentale de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Pier
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Poulin-Lord
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Excellence en Troubles Envahissants du Dèc)veloppement de l'Universitèc) de Montrèc)al (CETEDUM), Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santèc) mentale de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Dèc)partement de Psychiatrie, Universitèc) de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Elise B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Barbeau
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Excellence en Troubles Envahissants du Dèc)veloppement de l'Universitèc) de Montrèc)al (CETEDUM), Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santèc) mentale de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Dèc)partement de Psychologie, Universitèc) du Quèc)bec à Montrèc)al, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soulières
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gèc)riatrie de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Dèc)partement de Radiologie, Universitèc) de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Oury
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Monchi
authors.affiliation: Dèc)partement de Psychologie, Unitèc) de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (UNF), Universitèc) de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doyon
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle • U678, Facultèc) de Mèc)decine, Pierre et Marie Curie • Pitièc) Salpèc)trière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benali
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Excellence en Troubles Envahissants du Dèc)veloppement de l'Universitèc) de Montrèc)al (CETEDUM), Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santèc) mentale de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada ; Dèc)partement de Psychiatrie, Universitèc) de Montrèc)al, Montrèc)al, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mottron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000075368:Anoctamins; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D018118:Chloride Channels; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007092:Imagination; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C575623:Ano2 protein, rat; D000075368:Anoctamins; D018118:Chloride Channels; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Associative areas; Autism; Plasticity; Primary areas; fMRI
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