title: Advances in the behavioural testing and network imaging of rodent recognition memory.
abstract: Research into object recognition memory has been galvanised by the introduction of spontaneous preference tests for rodents. The standard task, however, contains a number of inherent shortcomings that reduce its power. Particular issues include the problem that individual trials are time consuming, so limiting the total number of trials in any condition. In addition, the spontaneous nature of the behaviour and the variability between test objects add unwanted noise. To combat these issues, the 'bow-tie maze' was introduced. Although still based on the spontaneous preference of novel over familiar stimuli, the ability to give multiple trials within a session without handling the rodents, as well as using the same objects as both novel and familiar samples on different trials, overcomes key limitations in the standard task. Giving multiple trials within a single session also creates new opportunities for functional imaging of object recognition memory. A series of studies are described that examine the expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos. Object recognition memory is associated with increases in perirhinal cortex and area Te2 c-fos activity. When rats explore novel objects the pathway from the perirhinal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex, and then to the dentate gyrus and CA3, is engaged. In contrast, when familiar objects are explored the pathway from the perirhinal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex, and then to CA1, takes precedence. The switch to the perforant pathway (novel stimuli) from the temporoammonic pathway (familiar stimuli) may assist the enhanced associative learning promoted by novel stimuli.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kinnavanel@cf.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kinnavane
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mathieu M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Albasser
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aggleton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012377:Rodentia
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
keywords: Behavioural testing; Entorhinal cortex; Hippocampus; Neural network; Perirhinal cortex; Recognition memory
references.citation: Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1408-10
references.pmid: 21127256
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2010 Jan;31(1):134-47
references.pmid: 20092559
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1994;100(1):85-92
references.pmid: 7813656
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2011 Jun 17;18(7):435-43
references.pmid: 21685150
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Feb 25;24(8):2013-26
references.pmid: 14985444
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2011 Jun 23;18(7):493-501
references.pmid: 21700715
references.citation: Psychol Rev. 1980 Nov;87(6):532-52
references.pmid: 7443916
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1993 Mar 31;54(1):91-102
references.pmid: 8504015
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2010 Jan;93(1):111-6
references.pmid: 19733676
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1999 Feb 1;19(3):1142-8
references.pmid: 9920675
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1986 Feb;19(2):133-46
references.pmid: 3964405
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Feb 19;110(8):3119-24
references.pmid: 23382181
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1997 Nov 10;8(16):v-ix
references.pmid: 9427298
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Sep 9;431(7005):188-91
references.pmid: 15356631
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Nov;24(9):2611-21
references.pmid: 17100849
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2012 Oct;126(5):659-69
references.pmid: 23025831
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2007 Dec 28;185(2):82-7
references.pmid: 17804090
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2013 Feb;127(1):70-85
references.pmid: 23244291
references.citation: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1956 Feb;49(1):90-2
references.pmid: 13295415
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2001 Dec 14;127(1-2):159-81
references.pmid: 11718890
references.citation: Prog Neurobiol. 1996 Oct;50(2-3):83-107
references.pmid: 8971979
references.citation: Hippocampus. 1997;7(2):146-83
references.pmid: 9136047
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2007 Feb;121(1):218-23
references.pmid: 17324066
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2014 Aug;128(4):504-22
references.pmid: 24933661
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1975 Oct;1(4):326-34
references.pmid: 811754
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1995 Dec;69(3):821-9
references.pmid: 8596651
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2006 Jul 15;171(1):26-49
references.pmid: 16678277
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Jan;37(1):36-58
references.pmid: 23043857
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Jan;2(1):51-61
references.pmid: 11253359
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2009 Dec 22;17(1):5-11
references.pmid: 20028732
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1997 Mar;113(3):509-19
references.pmid: 9108217
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Aug;10(8):358-62
references.pmid: 16843039
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2009 Feb;123(1):115-24
references.pmid: 19170436
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Jan 15;18(2):804-10
references.pmid: 9425021
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2005 May-Jun;12(3):221-3
references.pmid: 15897259
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1997 Jun 27;229(2):141-3
references.pmid: 9223611
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Mar 14;27(11):2948-57
references.pmid: 17360918
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1996 Oct;80(1-2):9-25
references.pmid: 8905124
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 May 12;24(19):4596-604
references.pmid: 15140931
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2005;15(3):347-55
references.pmid: 15558543
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2010 Dec 31;215(2):244-54
references.pmid: 20060020
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(5):673-704
references.pmid: 17368764
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2008 Mar 15;168(2):422-30
references.pmid: 18096240
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 1995 Apr 1;7(4):753-65
references.pmid: 7620624
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1998 Dec;97(1-2):107-13
references.pmid: 9867236
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2004;42(10):1293-300
references.pmid: 15193938
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2014 Aug;128(4):494-503
references.pmid: 24956013
references.citation: Behav Brain Sci. 1999 Jun;22(3):425-44; discussion 444-89
references.pmid: 11301518
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1983 Summer;7(2):119-88
references.pmid: 6348604
references.citation: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1974 Jun;86(6):1100-9
references.pmid: 4209603
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Oct;20(8):2214-24
references.pmid: 15450101
references.citation: Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):604-6
references.pmid: 3983648
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 May 5;30(18):6253-61
references.pmid: 20445051
references.citation: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1956 Feb;49(1):93-5
references.pmid: 13295416
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Jun 19;38(6):987-96
references.pmid: 12818183
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2005 Apr;119(2):557-66
references.pmid: 15839802
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2014 Feb 19;21(3):171-9
references.pmid: 24554671
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2012 Nov;22(11):2101-13
references.pmid: 22532480
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2010 Jul;48(8):2262-72
references.pmid: 20026141
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Aug;36(7):1579-96
references.pmid: 21964564
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2006 Feb 15;167(1):183-95
references.pmid: 16214239
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2009 Feb 11;197(2):417-34
references.pmid: 18992282
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2002 Mar-Apr;9(2):58-65
references.pmid: 11992016
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Jul 20;31(29):10721-31
references.pmid: 21775615
references.citation: Prog Neurobiol. 1998 Feb;54(3):289-311
references.pmid: 9481800
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2012 Oct 15;211(1):66-76
references.pmid: 22917958
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007 Sep;88(2):225-31
references.pmid: 17560815
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2012 Nov;50(13):3141-55
references.pmid: 22634248
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2011 Feb 25;18(3):170-80
references.pmid: 21357439
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Sep;11(9):379-86
references.pmid: 17707683
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2010 Feb;93(2):261-7
references.pmid: 19857581
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2002;12(1):86-104
references.pmid: 11918292
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2011 Jul;34(2):331-42
references.pmid: 21707792
references.citation: Learn Mem. 2010 Aug 03;17(8):407-19
references.pmid: 20682810
references.citation: Nature. 1978 May 25;273(5660):297-8
references.pmid: 418358
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1995 Apr;68(1):91-101
references.pmid: 7619309
references.citation: Brain Res Bull. 1997;43(3):279-87
references.pmid: 9227838
references.citation: Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002 Dec 30;109(1-2):221-5
references.pmid: 12531532
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2010 Feb;124(1):55-68
references.pmid: 20141280
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1999 Mar;99(2):191-200
references.pmid: 10512585
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Jan 30;28(5):1034-45
references.pmid: 18234882
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2014 Dec;40(12):3720-34
references.pmid: 25264133
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Mar;12(3):349-55
references.pmid: 19198606
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Jul;32(5):1055-70
references.pmid: 18499253
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):349-54
references.pmid: 20018662
references.citation: Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):210-3
references.pmid: 19590004
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004 Oct;28(6):611-24
references.pmid: 15527866
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 20;101(3):853-8
references.pmid: 14711996
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1996 Jul 29;7(11):1866-70
references.pmid: 8905682
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2001;11(6):626-36
references.pmid: 11811656
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 1;20(23):8853-60
references.pmid: 11102494
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1988 Nov 1;31(1):47-59
references.pmid: 3228475
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1976 Oct 1;169(3):347-70
references.pmid: 972204
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Aug;20(8):1478-89
references.pmid: 18303974
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Apr;55(4):564-74
references.pmid: 10357227
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 1988 Apr;102(2):210-21
references.pmid: 3130073
references.citation: Brain Res. 1992 Aug 14;588(1):132-9
references.pmid: 1393562
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Feb 25;24(8):1948-53
references.pmid: 14985436
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1988;26(2):265-72
references.pmid: 3399042
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 1994 Feb;108(1):11-8
references.pmid: 8192836
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Feb;26(2):259-68
references.pmid: 11790521
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 2005 Dec;16(1-3):10-9
references.pmid: 16185914
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1990 Nov 15;40(2):145-57
references.pmid: 2126732
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2009 Sep;19(9):837-43
references.pmid: 19235228
references.citation: Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):961-6
references.pmid: 17303747
references.citation: Mol Neurobiol. 1991;5(2-4):297-314
references.pmid: 1688055
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1998 Jul-Sep;70(1-2):37-43
references.pmid: 9753585
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2005;15(1):56-67
references.pmid: 15390165
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1996 Jul 29;7(11):1871-5
references.pmid: 8905683