title: The relationship between insight and subjective experience in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between level of insight and various subjective experiences for patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from our hospital were evaluated. The level of insight into their illness and various subjective experiences were evaluated at discharge. We used the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) for evaluation of insight. In addition, five different rating scales were used to evaluate subjective experiences: Subjective Experience of Deficits in Schizophrenia (SEDS), Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic drug treatment Short form (SWNS), Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI)-30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SWNS and the scores for awareness of mental disorder and awareness of the social consequences of mental disorder on SUMD showed a weak positive correlation. The DAI-30 showed a significant negative correlation with most general items on SUMD and a negative correlation between the subscale scores for the awareness and attribution of past symptoms. SEDS, SWNS, SQLS, and the BDI significantly correlated with the subscale scores for awareness of current symptoms on SUMD, and weakly correlated with the subscale scores for attribution of current negative symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of subjective distress was related to awareness of having a mental disorder. Feeling subjective distress was related to awareness of current symptoms, as well as to the ability to attribute current negative symptoms to a mental disorder. Positive attitudes toward medication correlated with better general insight into the illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kako
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kusumi
keywords: insight; schizophrenia; subjective deficit; subjective experiences; subjective quality of life; subjective well-being
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