title: Low back pain among mineworkers in relation to driving, cold environment and ergonomics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the association between low back pain (LBP) and exposure to low temperature, wet clothes, heavy lifting and jobs that involve whole body vibration (WBV) in a population of miners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health and personal data were collected in a population study by a questionnaire. A total of 3530 workers from four mines participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  51% of the workers reported LBP within the last 12 months. The adjusted odds ratio for LBP was above unity for working with wet clothes (1.82), working in cold conditions (1.52), lifting heavy (1.54), having worked as a driver previously (1.79) and driving Toro400 (2.61) or train (1.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wet clothing, cold working conditions, heavy lifting, previous work as a driver and driving certain vehicles were associated with LBP, but vehicles with WBV levels above action value were not. For better prevention of LBP, improved cabin conditions and clothing should be emphasised.
  To address risk factors for low back pain (LBP) in miners, a population study measured exposures and LBP. Cold work conditions, wet clothes and awkward postures appeared to be more strongly associated with LBP than exposure to whole body vibration from driving heavy vehicles. Prevention strategies must focus more on clothing and ergonomics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , University Hospital North Norway , Tromsø , Norway.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skandfer
authors.forename: Ljudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talykova
authors.forename: Tormod
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brenn
authors.forename: Tohr
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Arild
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaktskjold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008906:Mining; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: back pain; injury/illness epidemiology; thermal comfort; vehicle ergonomics; whole body vibration