title: Rapid detection by direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) of psychoactive plant drugs of abuse: the case of Mitragyna speciosa aka "Kratom".
abstract: Mitragyna speciosa, also known commonly as "Kratom" or "Ketum", is a plant with psychoactive properties that have been attributed to the presence of various indole alkaloids such as mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. M. speciosa use is gaining popularity internationally as a natural and legal alternative to narcotics. As a drug of abuse, its detection and identification are not straightforward, since M. speciosa plant material is not particularly distinctive. Here, we show that direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) can be used not only to rapidly identify M. speciosa plant material and distinguish it from other plants, but also to distinguish between M. speciosa plant varieties, based on differences between their chemical profiles. The method is rapid and the analysis expeditious. Plant material such as that found at a crime scene can be analyzed directly with no sample pre-preparation steps. Furthermore, we show that the basis set of principal components that permit characterization of the plant material can be used to positively identify M. speciosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA. Electronic address: alesiak@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Ashton D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lesiak
authors.affiliation: JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960, USA. Electronic address: cody@jeol.com.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Cody
authors.affiliation: JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960, USA. Electronic address: jdane@jeol.com.
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dane
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA. Electronic address: rmusah@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Rabi A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Musah
mesh_terms: D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D032065:Mitragyna / Q000737:chemistry*; D000078183:Oxindoles; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D000078183:Oxindoles; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; C509328:mitraphylline; C482678:7-hydroxymitragynine; C001801:mitragynine
keywords: DART-MS; Forensic analysis; Kratom; Legal drug alternatives; Mass spectrometry; Mitragyna speciosa