title: Liquid antibiotics in bone cement: an effective way to improve the efficiency of antibiotic release in antibiotic loaded bone cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the elution characteristics, antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) loaded with powdered antibiotic, powdered antibiotic with inert filler (xylitol), or liquid antibiotic, particularly focusing on vancomycin and amphotericin B.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cement specimens loaded with 2 g of vancomycin or amphotericin B powder (powder group), 2 g of antibiotic powder and 2 g of xylitol (xylitol group) or 12 ml of antibiotic solution containing 2 g of antibiotic (liquid group) were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vancomycin elution was enhanced by 234% in the liquid group and by 12% in the xylitol group compared with the powder group. Amphotericin B elution was enhanced by 265% in the liquid group and by 65% in the xylitol group compared with the powder group. Based on the disk-diffusion assay, the eluate samples of vancomycin-loaded ALBC of the liquid group exhibited a significantly larger inhibitory zone than samples of the powder or the xylitol group. Regarding the ALBCs loaded with amphotericin B, only the eluate samples of the liquid group exhibited a clear inhibitory zone, which was not observed in either the xylitol or the powder groups. The ultimate compressive strength was significantly reduced in specimens containing liquid antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding vancomycin or amphotericin B antibiotic powder in distilled water before mixing with bone cement can significantly improve the efficiency of antibiotic release than can loading ALBC with the same dose of antibiotic powder. This simple and effective method for preparation of ALBCs can significantly improve the efficiency of antibiotic release in ALBCs. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:246-51.
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5 Fu-Shin St., Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5 Fu-Shin St., Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5 Fu-Shin St., Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5 Fu-Shin St., Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5 Fu-Shin St., Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S W N
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ueng
keywords: Amphotericin B; Antibiotic loaded bone cement; Osteomyelitis; Skeletal infection; Vancomycin
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