title: Eating oysters without risk of vibriosis: application of a bacteriophage against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters.
abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of foodborne illness and related with the consumption of raw contaminated seafood, especially oysters. To evaluate the effectiveness of various applications of a bacteriophage (phage), pVp-1, against a multiple-antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain (CRS 09-17), we designed artificial contamination models that are most likely to be encountered during oyster processing. When live oysters were treated with bath immersion with pVp-1 after CRS 09-17 challenge, the growth of bacterial strain was significantly reduced. After 72h of phage application with bath immersion, bacterial growth reduction was observed to be 8.9×10(6)CFU/ml (control group) to 1.4×10CFU/ml (treatment group). When pVp-1 was surface-applied on the flesh of oysters after CRS 09-17 inoculation, bacterial growth was properly inhibited. After 12h of phage application on the surface of oysters, bacterial growth inhibition was revealed to be 1.44×10(6)CFU/ml (control group) to 1.94CFU/ml (treatment group). This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of oyster surface-application of a phage against a multiple-antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain, and our successful phage application to various situations emphasizes the potential use of the phage to avoid V. parahaemolyticus infection from aquaculture to consumption.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (former American Base of Gournes), Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoun Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Kil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Rheumatology, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam 255-2, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parksec@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Bacteriophage; Multiple-antibiotic-resistant; Oyster; Pandemic strain; Vibrio parahaemolyticus