title: Reciprocal influences between maternal parenting and child adjustment in a high-risk population: a 5-year cross-lagged analysis of bidirectional effects.
abstract: This study examines longitudinally the bidirectional influences between maternal parenting (behaviors and parenting stress) and mothers' perceptions of their children's adjustment, in a multivariate approach. Data was gathered from 361 low-income mothers (many with psychiatric diagnoses) reporting on their parenting behavior, parenting stress, and their child's adjustment, in a 2-wave longitudinal study over 5 years. Measurement models were developed to derive 4 broad parenting constructs (involvement, control, rejection, and stress) and 3 child adjustment constructs (internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social competence). After measurement invariance of these constructs was confirmed across relevant groups and over time, both measurement models were integrated in a single crossed-lagged regression analysis of latent constructs. Multiple reciprocal influences were observed between parenting and perceived child adjustment over time: Externalizing and internalizing problems in children were predicted by baseline maternal parenting behaviors, and child social competence was found to reduce parental stress and increase parental involvement and appropriate monitoring. These findings on the motherhood experience are discussed in light of recent research efforts to understand mother-child bidirectional influences and their potential for practical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pace University.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barbot
authors.affiliation: Teachers College, Columbia University.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crossman
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University.
authors.forename: Elena L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Grigorenko
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University.
authors.forename: Suniya S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Luthar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D033261:Maternal-Fetal Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D066107:Social Skills; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
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