title: Isolation and complete nucleotide sequence of a Batai virus strain in Inner Mongolia, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Batai virus (BATV) is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae, and a vector-borne pathogen. Genomic variations of BATV exist in different regions of the world, due to genetic reassortment. Whole-genome sequencing of any isolate is necessary for a phylogenetic analysis. In 1998, a BATV strain was isolated from an Anopheles philippines mosquito in Yunnan Province, China. This strain has not been found to infect any other host. We investigated BATV infection in cattle in Inner Mongolia, China and performed deep sequencing of the genome of the BATV isolate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-five blood samples were collected from cattle in Inner Mongolia, China in 2012. The BATV infection rate was 2.1%. Previously, BATV strain NM/12 was isolated from two cattle in Inner Mongolia, China, and the whole genomic sequence of the strain has been available. We determined the complete genomic nucleotide sequences of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) genome segments using bovine blood obtained in 2012, and the nucleotide homologies of these segments with those from GenBank were 88.7%-97%, 84%-95.4%, and 72.6%-95.8%, respectively. The deduced amino acid identities were 87.2-99.7%, 64.2-96.8%, and 81.1-98.6%. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length genomic sequences indicated that the M and L segments, and a portion of the S segment, of NM/12 are most closely related to the BATV strains isolated in Asia. The S and M segments of NM/12 were independent of phylogenetic lineages. The L segment was the most closely related to Chittoor/IG-20217 (isolated in India), and distantly related to isolated strains in Italy. Nucleotide substitution rates in the nucleotide sequences that code for the nucleocapsid, envelope glycoprotein, and polymerase protein of NM/12 strain were 2.56%, 4.69%, and 4.21%, respectively, relative to the original strain of MM2222.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel BATV NM/12 strain from bovine serum collected in Inner Mongolia was isolated from cattle in China for the first time. Our findings elucidate the evolutionary status of the BATV NM/12 strain among different orthobunyavirus strains and may provide some clues to prevent the emergence of BATV infection in cattle and humans.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xi-qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jian-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Run-xiang
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Deng-yun
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yan-gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Zoonoses, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, 15 Luming Street, Jilin 132109, China. tcsyxj@126.com.
authors.forename: Xi-jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002042:Bunyamwera virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D002681:China; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
references.citation: Bing Du Xue Bao. 2009 Mar;25(2):83-7
references.pmid: 19678560
references.citation: Vet Rec. 2012 Jan;170(2):58
references.pmid: 22247205
references.citation: J Vet Sci. 2004 Jun;5(2):125-30
references.pmid: 15192339
references.citation: J Virol. 2012 Dec;86(24):13844-5
references.pmid: 23166251
references.citation: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013 Jan;13(1):41-9
references.pmid: 23199264
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1998 Oct;79 ( Pt 10):2419-24
references.pmid: 9780047
references.citation: J Virol. 2006 Jun;80(11):5627-30
references.pmid: 16699043
references.citation: Virology. 2001 Dec 20;291(2):185-90
references.pmid: 11878887
references.citation: J Virol. 2004 Aug;78(16):8922-6
references.pmid: 15280501
references.citation: Virus Res. 2008 Nov;137(2):189-97
references.pmid: 18691616
references.citation: Brief Bioinform. 2004 Jun;5(2):150-63
references.pmid: 15260895
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2013 Jun;94(Pt 6):1242-1248
references.pmid: 23515020
references.citation: Arch Virol. 2006 Nov;151(11):2253-60
references.pmid: 16820982