title: Evolved developmental homeostasis disturbed in LB1 from Flores, Indonesia, denotes Down syndrome and not diagnostic traits of the invalid species Homo floresiensis.
abstract: Human skeletons from Liang Bua Cave, Flores, Indonesia, are coeval with only Homo sapiens populations worldwide and no other previously known hominins. We report here for the first time to our knowledge the occipitofrontal circumference of specimen LB1. This datum makes it possible to link the 430-mL endocranial volume of LB1 reported by us previously, later confirmed independently by other investigators, not only with other human skeletal samples past and present but also with a large body of clinical data routinely collected on patients with developmental disorders. Our analyses show that the brain size of LB1 is in the range predicted for an individual with Down syndrome (DS) in a normal small-bodied population from the geographic region that includes Flores. Among additional diagnostic signs of DS and other skeletal dysplasiae are abnormally short femora combined with disproportionate flat feet. Liang Bua Cave femora, known only for LB1, match interlimb proportions for DS. Predictions based on corrected LB1 femur lengths show a stature normal for other H. sapiens populations in the region.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henneberg
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Morphology, Mechanics and Molecules, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and eyl@psu.edu kenjhsu@aol.com.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Morphology, Mechanics and Molecules, Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and.
authors.forename: Sakdapong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chavanaves
authors.affiliation: Kenneth J. Hsü Center for Integrated Hydrological Circuits Development, National Institutes of Earth Sciences, Beijing 100871, China eyl@psu.edu kenjhsu@aol.com.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hsü
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005580:Fossils; D006706:Homeostasis; D015186:Hominidae; D007214:Indonesia; D012863:Skeleton; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: asymmetry; atavism; body height; body mass
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