title: Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous nemonoxacin in healthy chinese volunteers.
abstract: Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is a novel nonfluorinated quinolone with potent broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical pathogens, including vancomycin-nonsusceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), quinolone-resistant MRSA, quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, and erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae. This first-in-human study was aimed at assessing the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of intravenous nemonoxacin in healthy Chinese volunteers. The study comprised a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalating safety and tolerability study in 92 subjects and a randomized, single-dose, open-label, 3-period Latin-square crossover pharmacokinetic study in 12 subjects. The study revealed that nemonoxacin infusion was well tolerated up to the maximum dose of 1,250 mg, and the acceptable infusion rates ranged from 0.42 to 5.56 mg/min. Drug-related adverse events (AEs) were mild, transient, and confined to local irritation at the injection site. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that after the administration of 250, 500, and 750 mg of intravenous nemonoxacin, the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) values were 4.826 μg/ml, 7.152 μg/ml, and 11.029 μg/ml, respectively. The corresponding values for the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 72 hours (AUC0-72 h) were 17.05 μg · h/ml, 39.30 μg · h/ml, and 61.98 μg · h/ml. The mean elimination half-life (t1/2) was 11 h, and the mean cumulative drug excretion rate within 72 h ranged from 64.93% to 77.17%. Volunteers treated with 250 to 750 mg nemonoxacin exhibited a linear dose-response relationship between the AUC0-72 h and AUC0-∞. These findings provide further support for the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of intravenous nemonoxacin. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01944774.).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China zhangj_fudan@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bei-Ning
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yao-Guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; C543520:nemonoxacin
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