title: Is the fresh water fish consumption a significant determinant of the internal exposure to perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS)?
abstract: PFAS are man-made compounds that are highly spread in the environment. Human dietary exposure to such contaminants is of high concern as they may accumulate in the food chain. Different studies already demonstrated the importance of the fish consumption in the dietary exposure of these molecules and the potential increase of internal doses of PFAS following the consumption of PFAS. However, so far few study aimed to study the link between the consumption of fresh water fishes and the internal exposure to PFAS. Objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the internal exposure of populations that are potentially high consumers of fresh water fishes and (ii) to determine whether the consumption of fish caught from fresh water is a significant determinant of the internal exposure of PFAS. In this work, a large sample of adult freshwater anglers from the French metropolitan population (478 individuals) was constituted randomly from participants lists of anglers associations. Questionnaires provided social and demographic information and diet information for each subject. In addition, analyses of blood serum samples provided the internal concentration of 14 PFAS. The survey design allowed to extrapolate the data obtained on the 478 individuals to the freshwater angler population. Descriptive data regarding internal levels of PFAS were discussed at the population level, whereas identification of the determinants were done at the 478 individuals level as sufficient contrast was required in terms of fresh water fish consumption. Only molecules for which the detection frequency were above 80% in blood were considered, i.e., PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFHpS, and PFDA. Distribution profiles showed log-normal distribution and PFOS and PFOA were the main contributors of the PFAS sum. For PFOS, the results obtained on the 478 individuals showed that upper percentiles were higher as compared to upper percentiles obtained on occidental general population. This confirmed an over-exposure of a fraction of the 478 individuals. Though, when the results were considered at the population level, the values were close. This was attributed to the low consumption frequency of fresh water fish in the general population. For PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, PFHpS and PFDA, the fresh water fish consumption was identified as one of the contributors of internal PFAS concentrations. Gender, age, geographical location and consumption of home-grown products as other determinants were also discussed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: ANSES - Risk Assessement Division, 94 701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. Electronic address: sebastien.denys@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denys
authors.affiliation: ANSES - Risk Assessement Division, 94 701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraize-Frontier
authors.affiliation: ANSES - Risk Assessement Division, 94 701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Oumar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: Oniris-Laberca, Route de Gachet, 44 307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bizec
authors.affiliation: Oniris-Laberca, Route de Gachet, 44 307 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Veyrand
authors.affiliation: ANSES - Risk Assessement Division, 94 701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Volatier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D003625:Data Collection; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination; D005602:France; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anglers exposure; Biomonitoring; Dietary exposure; Exposure assessment; PFOA; PFOS