title: Inter- not intraindividual differences in sTWEAK levels predict functional deterioration and mortality in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has been reported to predict mortality in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. However, whether it can be used as a biomarker for disease monitoring or rather represents a risk factor for disease progression remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of sTWEAK as a biomarker in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted a serial study of sTWEAK levels in 78 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Soluble TWEAK levels predicted not only a combined mortality/heart transplantation endpoint after 4 years (P = 0.0001), but also the risk for clinical deterioration (P = 0.0001). Compared to NT-proBNP, sTWEAK remained relatively stable in individual patients on follow-up indicating that inter- rather than intraindividual differences in sTWEAK levels predicted outcome. Finally, neither did the scavenger receptor sCD163 correlate with sTWEAK levels nor did its determination add additional information on outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soluble TWEAK levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy may not be of value for disease monitoring but may represent a risk factor for disease progression and death. Further research will be necessary to elucidate the exact role of sTWEAK as a potential modulator of immune response in the setting of dilated cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Jarr
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelles
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hugo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Katus
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chorianopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
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