title: ARF: a versatile DNA damage response ally at the crossroads of development and tumorigenesis.
abstract: Alternative reading frame (ARF) is a tumor suppressor protein that senses oncogenic and other stressogenic signals. It can trigger p53-dependent and -independent responses with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction being the most prominent ones. Other ARF activities, particularly p53-independent ones, that could help in understanding cancer development and provide potential therapeutic exploitation are underrated. Although ARF is generally not expressed in normal tissues, it is essential for ocular and male germ cells development. The underlying mechanism(s) in these processes, while not clearly defined, point toward a functional link between ARF, DNA damage and angiogenesis. Based on a recent study from our group demonstrating a functional interplay between ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ARF during carcinogenesis, we discuss the role of ARF at the crossroads of cancer and developmental processes.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsinas
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papanagnou
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Evangelou
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Trigas
authors.affiliation: Vascular Adhesion Lab, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kostourou
authors.affiliation: Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK ; Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece ; Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK ; Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK ; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Gorgoulis
keywords: ARF; ATM; angiogenesis; involution; meiosis; ocular development; spermatogenesis; vascular network
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