title: Cascade bioassay evidence for the existence of urothelium-derived inhibitory factor in Guinea pig urinary bladder.
abstract: Our aim was to investigate whether guinea pig urothelium-derived bioactivities compatible with the existence of urothelium-derived inhibitory factor could be demonstrated by in vitro serial bioassay and whether purinergic P1 receptor agonists, nitric oxide, nitrite or prostaglandins might explain observed activities. In a cascade superfusion system, urothelium-denuded guinea pig ureters were used as bioassay tissues, recording their spontaneous rhythmic contractions in presence of scopolamine. Urothelium-intact or -denuded guinea pig urinary bladders were used as donor tissues, stimulated by intermittent application of carbachol before or during the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the adenosine/P1 nucleoside receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-PST) or the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor diclofenac infused to bath donor and bioassay tissues. The spontaneous contractions of bioassay ureters were unaltered by application of carbachol 1-5 µM in the presence of scopolamine 5-30 µM. When carbachol was applied over the urothelium-denuded bladder, the assay ureter contraction rate was unaltered. Introducing carbachol over the everted urothelium-intact bladder significantly inhibited the contraction frequency of the assay ureter, suggesting the transfer of an inhibitory activity from the bladder to the assay ureter. The transmissible inhibitory activity was not markedly antagonized by L-NAME, 8-PST or diclofenac, while L-NAME nearly abolished nitrite release from the urothelium-intact bladder preparations. We suggest that urothelium-derived inhibitory factor is a transmissible entity over a significant distance as demonstrated in this novel cascade superfusion assay and seems less likely to be nitric oxide, nitrite, an adenosine receptor agonist or subject to inhibition by administration of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Na N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thor
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hallén
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N Peter
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004008:Diclofenac; D002217:Carbachol; D012601:Scopolamine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
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