title: Pyruvate oral rehydration solution improved visceral function and survival in shock rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent findings showed advantages of a novel pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) in resuscitation of burns. This study focused on effects of Pyr-ORS on the visceral blood perfusion (VBP), gastrointestinal function, and survival rate, compared with the bicarbonate-based World Health Organization-guided oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS), during intragastric rehydration of lethal hemorrhagic shock in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult rats were subjected to 45% total blood volume loss and were randomly allocated to the following three groups (n = 20): group NR (no fluid resuscitation), group PORS (oral Pyr-ORS rehydration), and group BORS (oral WHO-ORS rehydration), respectively. Other 10 rats were served as group NH (the sham group). Enteral rehydration lasted for 4 h after hemorrhage. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), VBP, and plasma enzymes activities of heart, liver, and kidney, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein were measured. Liver, kidney, and ileum were harvested for the evaluation of activities of oxidative enzymes and intestinal barrier protein (ZO-1). Other 84 rats with identical procedures without sampling were observed for their 24-h survival rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pyr-ORS was more effective in enhancing the MAP and VBP, inhibiting tissue oxidative damage, and improving organ function, compared with WHO-ORS. Hypoxic lactic acidosis was fully corrected in group PORS in 4 h, whereas it worsened in group BORS, and the 24-h survival rate was twice higher in group PORS than in group BORS (45.8 versus 20.8%, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small amount of pyruvate in Pyr-ORS was more therapeutically beneficial than equivalent bicarbonate in WHO-ORS and greatly raised survival in enteral rehydration of lethal hemorrhagic shock. The Pyr-ORS may be an ideal oral fluid in resuscitation of hypovolemic shock, especially in prehospital and resource-poor settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn Surgery, Research Laboratory of Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction, Burns Institute, The First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: Bs0425@163.com.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn Surgery, Research Laboratory of Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction, Burns Institute, The First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fresenius Dialysis Centers at Chicago, Rolling Meadows Facility, Chicago, IL; Shanghai Sandai Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Pudong, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: fqzh60130@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fang-Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Burn Surgery, Research Laboratory of Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction, Burns Institute, The First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014781:Viscera / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; C044142:World Health Organization oral rehydration solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bicarbonate; Lactic acidosis; Oral rehydration solution; Oxidative stress; Pyruvate; Resuscitation; Visceral blood perfusion