title: Strategies for targeting the androgen receptor axis in prostate cancer.
abstract: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Therapeutic strategies targeting the androgen receptor have been developed for the treatment of metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer; however, despite effective targeting recent studies have demonstrated that during progression to a castrate-resistant phenotype there is restoration of AR target gene expression. On the basis of this observation, second-generation therapeutics have been developed to target AR in the castrate-resistant setting resulting in a survival benefit. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms promoting AR signaling and the development of second-generation therapeutics targeting AR in castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: carverb@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Brett S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Carver
mesh_terms: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015195:Drug Design; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011944:Receptors, Androgen