title: Remarkable diversity of endogenous viruses in a crustacean genome.
abstract: Recent studies in paleovirology have uncovered myriads of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) integrated in the genome of their eukaryotic hosts. These fragments result from endogenization, that is, integration of the viral genome into the host germline genome followed by vertical inheritance. So far, most studies have used a virus-centered approach, whereby endogenous copies of a particular group of viruses were searched in all available sequenced genomes. Here, we follow a host-centered approach whereby the genome of a given species is comprehensively screened for the presence of EVEs using all available complete viral genomes as queries. Our analyses revealed that 54 EVEs corresponding to 10 different viral lineages belonging to 5 viral families (Bunyaviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Totiviridae) and one viral order (Mononegavirales) became endogenized in the genome of the isopod crustacean Armadillidium vulgare. We show that viral endogenization occurred recurrently during the evolution of isopods and that A. vulgare viral lineages were involved in multiple host switches that took place between widely divergent taxa. Furthermore, 30 A. vulgare EVEs have uninterrupted open reading frames, suggesting they result from recent endogenization of viruses likely to be currently infecting isopod populations. Overall, our work shows that isopods have been and are still infected by a large variety of viruses. It also extends the host range of several families of viruses and brings new insights into their evolution. More generally, our results underline the power of paleovirology in characterizing the viral diversity currently infecting eukaryotic taxa.
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thézé
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Bouziane
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moumen
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordaux
authors.affiliation: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France clement.gilbert@univ-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003445:Crustacea / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010802:Phylogeny; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Armadillidium vulgare; isopod crustacean; paleovirology; viral diversity; viral host range
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