title: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients: review and recommendations for current practice.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), frequently with contrast enhancement, is the preferred imaging modality for many indications in children. Practice varies widely between centers, reflecting the rapid pace of change and the need for further research. Guide-line changes, for example on contrast-medium choice, require continued practice reappraisal. This article reviews recent developments in pediatric contrast-enhanced MRI and offers recommendations on current best practice. Nine leading pediatric radiologists from internationally recognized radiology centers convened at a consensus meeting in Bordeaux, France, to discuss applications of contrast-enhanced MRI across a range of indications in children. Review of the literature indicated that few published data provide guidance on best practice in pediatric MRI. Discussion among the experts concluded that MRI is preferred over ionizing-radiation modalities for many indications, with advantages in safety and efficacy. Awareness of age-specific adaptations in MRI technique can optimize image quality. Gadolinium-based contrast media are recommended for enhancing imaging quality. The choice of most appropriate contrast medium should be based on criteria of safety, tolerability, and efficacy, characterized in age-specific clinical trials and personal experience.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.affiliation: Institut und Poliklinik für Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Joon
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mentzel
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Oystein E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stokland
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Ospedale Vittore Buzzi Pediatric Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Triulzi
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vazquez
keywords: contrast-enhanced; expert consensus; gadobutrol; gadolinium; magnetic resonance imaging; pediatrics
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