title: Protective Effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Against Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute pancreatitis was induced via intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg) every hour for 6 times. In the LE, water extract (100, 250, or 500 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before the first injection of cerulein. Six hours after AP, blood, the pancreas, and the lung were harvested for further examination. In addition, pancreatic acinar cells were isolated using a collagenase method, and then, we investigated the acinar cell viability and cytokine productions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with LE reduced pancreatic damage and AP-associated lung injury and attenuated the severity of AP, as evidenced by the reduction in neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, trypsin activity, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, treatment with LE inhibited high mobility group box 1 expression in the pancreas during AP. In accordance with in vivo data, LE inhibited the cerulein-induced acinar cell death, cytokine productions, and high-mobility group box 1 expression. Furthermore, LE also inhibited the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that LE plays a protective role during the development of AP by inhibiting the activation of p38.
authors.affiliation: From the *BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, †Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, ‡Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, §Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, ∥Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, ¶Vestibulocochlear Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan; and **Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gi-Sang
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Il-Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Seung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Dong-Goo
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Byung-Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sung-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002108:Ceruletide; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D029684:Lithospermum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C582808:HMGB1 protein, mouse; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002108:Ceruletide; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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