title: Prediction of peak oxygen pulse (O2Ppeak) without exercise testing in older adults.
abstract: Peak oxygen pulse has been considered a surrogate of cardiovascular function and an independent predictor of all cause mortality. However, O2P(peak) depends on maximal volitional effort which may limit its utility in older subjects. The aim of this study was to develop a model to estimate O2P(peak) without exercise in an elderly sample. This cross-sectional study enrolled 67 community-dwelling older adults (69.4±7.1 years; 41 men) for the non-exercise model development and 30 community-dwelling older adults (67.7±6.4 years; n=30; 17 men) for cross-validation. The non-exercise model was derived through hierarchical regression model and cross-validated by means of PRESS statistics and comparison against an independent sample. Classification accuracy of the model for tertiles of estimated and actual O2P(peak) was tested by gamma (γ) nonparametric correlation. The following prediction equation was generated: -3.416+0.137 × weight (kg)+1.226 × Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) (metabolic equivalents, METs)+1.987 × gender (0=women, 1=men)-2.045 × β-Blockers use (0=no, 1=yes)-0.044 × resting heart rate (HR) (R(2)=0.83; standard error of estimate (SEE)=1.68 mL beat(-1)). Correlation in cross-validation group was 0.80 (P<0.001). A high probability was observed for the model to rank the values in the same tertile in validation and cross-validation groups (γ=0.98; γ=0.92, respectively, P<0.05). In conclusion, O2P(peak) can be estimated with reasonable precision without exercise testing, providing an alternative for elder subjects not capable to perform maximal effort.
authors.affiliation: Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geraldo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Maranhao Neto
authors.affiliation: Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: paulo.farinatti@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Paulo T V
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Farinatti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011674:Pulse; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX); Elderly; Exercise; Oxygen pulse; Regression analysis