title: Duration of U.S. residence and suicidality among racial/ethnic minority immigrants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The immigration experience embodies a range of factors including different cultural norms and expectations, which may be particularly important for groups who become racial/ethnic minorities when they migrate to the U.S. However, little is known about the correlates of mental health indicators among these groups. The primary and secondary aims were to determine the association between duration of U.S. residence and suicidality, and 12-month mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, respectively, among racial/ethnic minority immigrants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the National Survey of American Life and the National Latino and Asian American Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between duration of US residence, and suicidality and 12-month psychopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among Afro-Caribbeans, there was a modest positive association between duration of U.S. residence and 12-month psychopathology (P linear trend = 0.016). Among Asians there was a modest positive association between duration of US residence and suicidal ideation and attempts (P linear trend = 0.018, 0.063, respectively). Among Latinos, there was a positive association between duration of US residence, and suicidal ideation, attempts and 12-month psychopathology (P linear trend = 0.001, 0.012, 0.002, respectively). Latinos who had been in the U.S. for >20 years had 2.6 times greater likelihood of suicidal ideation relative to those who had been in the U.S. for <5 years (95% CI 1.01-6.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between duration of US residence and suicidality and psychopathology varies across racial/ethnic minority groups. The results for Latino immigrants are broadly consistent with the goal-striving or acculturation stress hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA, brownmj7@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Monique J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Briana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mezuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000208:ethnology; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
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