title: Salivary gland proteome analysis reveals modulation of anopheline unique proteins in insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.
abstract: Insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistance due to a mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (ace) encoding ace-1 gene confers cross-resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in Anopheles gambiae populations from Central and West Africa. This mutation is associated with a strong genetic cost revealed through alterations of some life history traits but little is known about the physiological and behavioural changes in insects bearing the ace-1(R) allele. Comparative analysis of the salivary gland contents between An. gambiae susceptible and ace-1(R) resistant strains was carried out to charaterize factors that could be involved in modifications of blood meal process, trophic behaviour or pathogen interaction in the insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. Differential analysis of the salivary gland protein profiles revealed differences in abundance for several proteins, two of them showing major differences between the two strains. These two proteins identified as saglin and TRIO are salivary gland-1 related proteins, a family unique to anopheline mosquitoes, one of them playing a crucial role in salivary gland invasion by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Differential expression of two other proteins previously identified in the Anopheles sialome was also observed. The differentially regulated proteins are involved in pathogen invasion, blood feeding process, and protection against oxidation, relevant steps in the outcome of malaria infection. Further functional studies and insect behaviour experiments would confirm the impact of the modification of the sialome composition on blood feeding and pathogen transmission abilities of the resistant mosquitoes. The data supports the hypothesis of alterations linked to insecticide resistance in the biology of the primary vector of human malaria in Africa.
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cornelie
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), UMR CNRS 5203-INSERM 661-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seveno
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), UMR CNRS 5203-INSERM 661-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demettre
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouchet
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Innocent
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Djègbè
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), UMR CNRS 5203-INSERM 661-UM1-UM2, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Corbel
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Remoué
authors.affiliation: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mathieu-Daudé
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000502:physiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020543:Proteome; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
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