title: Coronary Collateral Circulation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Is There a Paradox?
abstract: We sought to determine the association of major cardiovascular risk factors and other comorbidities with the presence or absence of coronary collateral (CC) circulation. All electronic medical records from 2010 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 563 patients were divided into 2 groups: CC present (180) and CC absent (383). Smoking (P = .012, odds ratio [OR] 1.58), hypercholesterolemia (P = .001, OR 2.21), and hypertension (P = .034, OR 1.75) were associated with the presence of CC. Increasing body mass index (BMI, P = .001) and decreasing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, P = .042) were associated with the absence of CC. On multivariable linear regression analysis, hypercholesterolemia (P = .001, OR 2.28), BMI (P = .012, OR 0.77), and eGFR (P = .001, OR 0.70) were found to be independently associated with CC. Our findings will help predict patient populations more likely to have presence or absence of CC circulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA cardiothorax@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hemal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Suzi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kochar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Wah Wah
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Htun
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Julliard
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernaine
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D015897:Comorbidity; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: body mass index; coronary collateral circulation; estimated glomerular filtration rate; hypercholesterolemia; smoking