title: Inhibition of DNA methylation alters chromatin organization, nuclear positioning and activity of 45S rDNA loci in cycling cells of Q. robur.
abstract: Around 2200 copies of genes encoding ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, are organized into two rDNA loci, the major (NOR-1) and the minor (NOR-2) locus. We present the first cytogenetic evidence indicating that the NOR-1 represents the active nucleolar organizer responsible for rRNA synthesis, while the NOR-2 probably stays transcriptionally silent and does not participate in the formation of the nucleolus in Q. robur, which is a situation resembling the well-known phenomenon of nucleolar dominance. rDNA chromatin topology analyses in cycling root tip cells by light and electron microscopy revealed the minor locus to be highly condensed and located away from the nucleolus, while the major locus was consistently associated with the nucleolus and often exhibited different levels of condensation. In addition, silver precipitation was confined exclusively to the NOR-1 locus. Also, NOR-2 was highly methylated at cytosines and rDNA chromatin was marked with histone modifications characteristic for repressive state. After treatment of the root cells with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, we observed an increase in the total level of rRNA transcripts and a decrease in DNA methylation level at the NOR-2 locus. Also, NOR-2 sites relocalized with respect to the nuclear periphery/nucleolus, however, the relocation did not affect the contribution of this locus to nucleolar formation, nor did it affect rDNA chromatin decondensation, strongly suggesting that NOR-2 has lost the function of rRNA synthesis and nucleolar organization.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Department of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vedrana Vičić
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Bočkor
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barišić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Department of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.affiliation: Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Željka
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Maglica
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Department of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vojta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Department of Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vlatka
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zoldoš
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D056426:Genetic Loci; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029963:Quercus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
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