title: Remote control of myosin and kinesin motors using light-activated gearshifting.
abstract: Cytoskeletal motors perform critical force generation and transport functions in eukaryotic cells. Engineered modifications of motor function provide direct tests of protein structure-function relationships and potential tools for controlling cellular processes or for harnessing molecular transport in artificial systems. Here, we report the design and characterization of a panel of cytoskeletal motors that reversibly change gears--speed up, slow down or switch directions--when exposed to blue light. Our genetically encoded structural designs incorporate a photoactive protein domain to enable light-dependent conformational changes in an engineered lever arm. Using in vitro motility assays, we demonstrate robust spatiotemporal control over motor function and characterize the kinetics of the optical gearshifting mechanism. We have used a modular approach to create optical gearshifting motors for both actin-based and microtubule-based transport.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Tony D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3] Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nogales
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bryant
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D044784:Chara / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016547:Kinesins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009038:Motion; D009218:Myosins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D009218:Myosins; D016547:Kinesins
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