title: Generation and structure of extremely large clusters in pulsed jets.
abstract: Extremely large xenon clusters with sizes exceeding the predictions of the Hagena scaling law by several orders of magnitude are shown to be produced in pulsed gas jets. The cluster sizes are determined using single-shot single-particle imaging experiments with short-wavelength light pulses from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH). Scanning the time delay between the pulsed cluster source and the intense femtosecond x-ray pulses first shows a main plateau with size distributions in line with the scaling laws, which is followed by an after-pulse of giant clusters. For the extremely large clusters with radii of several hundred nanometers the x-ray scattering patterns indicate a grainy substructure of the particles, suggesting that they grow by cluster coagulation.
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adolph
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flückiger
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Tais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gorkhover
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sauppe
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schorb
authors.affiliation: FLASH, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Treusch
authors.affiliation: Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bostedt
authors.affiliation: IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möller