title: Genotoxicity of tri- and hexavalent chromium compounds in vivo and their modes of action on DNA damage in vitro.
abstract: Chromium occurs mostly in tri- and hexavalent states in the environment. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are extensively used in diverse industries, and trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] salts are used as micronutrients and dietary supplements. In the present work, we report that they both induce genetic mutations in yeast cells. They both also cause DNA damage in both yeast and Jurkat cells and the effect of Cr(III) is greater than that of Cr(VI). We further show that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) cause DNA damage through different mechanisms. Cr(VI) intercalates DNA and Cr(III) interferes base pair stacking. Based on our results, we conclude that Cr(III) can directly cause genotoxicity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhijia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D053837:DNA Cleavage / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D009153:Mutagens; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D004229:Dithiothreitol
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