title: Failed inferior vena cava filter retrieval by conventional method: Analysis of its causes and retrieval of it by modified double-loop technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the complications of the temporary implanted inferior vena cava (IVC) filter and the feasibility of double-loop technique for removal of complicated IVC filters.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2012 to December 2013, a total of 25 patients with IVC filter were referred for IVC filter retrieval. There were 20 Celect®, 3 OptEase®, and 2 Günther-Tulip® filters. All of the patients were evaluated with a pre-procedural CT scan to identify any complications. The IVC filters which had failed to be retrieved by the conventional method were evaluated, and retrieval was attempted with double loop technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen of 25 (64%) filters had complications; IVC wall penetration (n = 11, 44%), tilted within IVC (n = 6, 24%), embedded struts (n = 3, 12%), and fracture of the strut (n = 1, 4%). The complications were overlapped in five patients. Two of them (8%) had also complained of filter-related pain. The success rate of IVC filter retrieval by double-loop technique was 14/16 (87.5%). There was no major filter retrieval-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The double-loop technique is a safe and feasible method for complicated IVC filter retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gyoo-Sik
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, South Korea bhpark@dau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byeong Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016306:Vena Cava Filters
keywords: Inferior vena cava filters; complicated inferior vena cava filter; filter retrieval; inferior vena cava filter penetration; tilted inferior vena cava filter