title: Histidine kinases mediate differentiation, stress response, and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.
abstract: The aim of this study is a functional characterization of 10 putative histidine kinases (HIKs)-encoding genes in the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Two HIKs were found to be required for pathogenicity in the fungus. It was found that the mutant strains ΔMohik5 and ΔMohik8 show abnormal conidial morphology and furthermore ΔMohik5 is unable to form appressoria. Both HIKs MoHik5p and MoHik8p appear to be essential for pathogenicity since the mutants fail to infect rice plants. MoSln1p and MoHik1p were previously reported to be components of the HOG pathway in M. oryzae. The ΔMosln1 mutant is more susceptible to salt stress compared to ΔMohik1, whereas ΔMohik1 appears to be stronger affected by osmotic or sugar stress. In contrast to yeast, the HOG signaling cascade in phytopathogenic fungi apparently comprises more elements. Furthermore, vegetative growth of the mutants ΔMohik5 and ΔMohik9 was found to be sensitive to hypoxia-inducing NaNO2 -treatment. Additionally, it was monitored that NaNO2 -treatment resulted in MoHog1p phosphorylation. As a consequence we assume a first simplified model for hypoxia signaling in M. oryzae including the HOG pathway and the HIKs MoHik5p and MoHik9p.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yemelin
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thines
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D005810:Multigene Family; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase
keywords: Appressoria; HOG pathway; Magnaporthe oryzae; conidia; differentiation; histidine kinase; hypoxia signaling; pathogenicity
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