title: Effects of smoking cessation on gene expression in human leukocytes of chronic smoker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risks of cigarette smoking concerning higher systemic disease mortality are lessened by smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microarray analysis compared the expression profiles of smokers who were successful and not successful at smoking cessation, with the goal of identifying genes that might serve as potential biomarkers or that might be valuable in elucidating distinct biological mechanisms. The mRNAs were isolated and compared from peripheral leukocytes of six smokers who were successful in cessation and six smokers who failed in smoking cessation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred ninety nine genes displayed significantly different expression; 196 genes were up-regulated and 103 genes were down-regulated in the success group compared to the failure group. Twenty four of these genes were identified with biological processes including immunity, cytoskeleton and cell growth/cycle. Real-time PCR confirmed the differential gene expression. The mRNA levels of HEPACAM family member 2 (HEPACAM2) and tropomodulin 1 (TMOD1) were significantly more expressed in the success group, while the mRNA ubiquitin specific peptides 18 (USP18) were significantly less expressed in the success group compared to the failure group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that smoking cessation can modulate cell adhesion and immune response by regulating expression levels of genes, especially HEPACAM2, TMOD1 and USP18, which have an important relationship with smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dai-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Leucocytes; Microarray; Nicotine cessation; Real time PCR
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2004 Sep 15;117(Pt 20):4749-56
references.pmid: 15331633
references.citation: Genomics. 2004 Oct;84(4):637-46
references.pmid: 15475241
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 21;270(29):17407-13
references.pmid: 7615546
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Nov;4(11):868-77
references.pmid: 15516966
references.citation: Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:160-232
references.pmid: 17214840
references.citation: Respir Physiol. 2001 Oct;128(1):3-11
references.pmid: 11535256
references.citation: Can J Gastroenterol. 2000 Mar;14(3):207-18
references.pmid: 10758418
references.citation: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000 Nov;93(1):77-83
references.pmid: 11000509
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 2009 Mar;33(3):468-80
references.pmid: 19251795
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2010 Mar 08;10:83
references.pmid: 20205955
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;64(24):8980-6
references.pmid: 15604262
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2003 Dec 8;163(5):1033-44
references.pmid: 14657235
references.citation: Blood. 2000 Jun 15;95(12):3900-8
references.pmid: 10845926
references.citation: Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12):1374-8
references.pmid: 15531891
references.citation: Trends Cell Biol. 2003 Nov;13(11):593-601
references.pmid: 14573353
references.citation: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2007 Aug;27(8):675-80
references.pmid: 17784819
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 1;21(5):921-6
references.pmid: 12610194
references.citation: Tissue Antigens. 2007 Jul;70(1):34-41
references.pmid: 17559579
references.citation: Neurosci Res. 1994 Sep;20(3):275-80
references.pmid: 7838428
references.citation: Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Nov-Dec;14(6):495-506
references.pmid: 11099875
references.citation: Oncogene. 2008 Jan 3;27(1):63-75
references.pmid: 17621271
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003 Oct;42(10):1155-63
references.pmid: 12777642
references.citation: Circulation. 1993 Nov;88(5 Pt 1):2149-55
references.pmid: 8222109
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul 15;174(2):127-33
references.pmid: 16645173
references.citation: Ir Med J. 1990 Jun;83(2):45-6
references.pmid: 2391204
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993 May-Jun;2(3):261-70
references.pmid: 8318879
references.citation: J Pediatr. 1998 Jan;132(1):117-20
references.pmid: 9470011
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):6567-72
references.pmid: 12011421
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2004 Dec;31(12):1110-6
references.pmid: 15560814
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Mar;28(3):424-8
references.pmid: 15744063
references.citation: BMC Med Genomics. 2008 Aug 18;1:38
references.pmid: 18710571
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2003 Jul;24(14):1365-72
references.pmid: 12871694
references.citation: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1991 May;59(2):187-200
references.pmid: 2009639
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 May 19;43(10):1731-7
references.pmid: 15145091
references.citation: FASEB J. 2005 Jul;19(9):1096-107
references.pmid: 15985533
references.citation: Annu Rev Public Health. 1988;9:47-70
references.pmid: 3288240
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Jul;39(7):626-34
references.pmid: 22607095
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):25377-86
references.pmid: 21592959
references.citation: Ann Periodontol. 1998 Jul;3(1):76-87
references.pmid: 9722692
references.citation: Blood. 2010 Oct 7;116(14):2590-9
references.pmid: 20585041
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1987 Sep;55(9):2262-7
references.pmid: 3305369
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 2008 Dec;29(12):2298-305
references.pmid: 18845560