title: Orthogonal zirconium diol/C18 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of poly and perfluoroalkyl substances in landfill leachate.
abstract: Leachates coming from landfills contain a myriad of compounds of potential environmental and human health concern, including per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). Micro liquid-liquid extraction was combined with a 900μl large volume injection (LVI) for the analysis of 70 PFASs in landfill leachate by orthogonal LC-MS/MS. The LVI approach introduced 7 times more extract than conventional injection approaches. Two zirconium-modified diol guard columns effectively retained PFASs from the organic leachate extract and an analytical C18 column was used for separation. Method accuracy and precision for PFASs with analytical grade reference materials ranged from 81-120% and 5.5-33%, respectively. Estimated method detection limits in the low to sub-ng/L. Seven landfill leachates were analyzed by the optimized analytical method for the purposes of method demonstration. Leachates were characterized by a wide variety of PFASs, reporting on 36 previously-unanalyzed PFASs in leachate. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates were the most abundant class detected while phosphorous-containing PFASs, present in all leachates, were at low concentrations. The 3-perfluoropentyl propanoate (5:3 FTCA) was the most concentrated analyte in most samples and constitutes a previously unreported but significant component of landfill leachate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003 United States. Electronic address: allredb@onid.orst.edu.
authors.forename: B McKay
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Allred
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Constructional, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908 United States. Electronic address: jrlang@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Johnsie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Constructional, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908 United States. Electronic address: barlaz@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Morton A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barlaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 ALS Bldg, 2750 Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003 United States. Electronic address: jennifer.field@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015040:Zirconium
keywords: LC-MS/MS; LVI; Landfill leachates; PFAS