title: Comparative study on the impact of copper sulphate and copper nitrate on the detoxification mechanisms in Typha latifolia.
abstract: The present study focused on cupric sulphate and cupric nitrate uptake in Typha latifolia and the impact of these copper species on the plant's detoxification capacity. When the plants were exposed to 10, 50 and 100 μM cupric sulphate or cupric nitrate, copper accumulation in T. latifolia roots and shoots increased with rising concentration of the salts. Shoot to root ratios differed significantly depending on the form of copper supplementation, e.g. if it was added as cupric (II) sulphate or cupric (II) nitrate. After incubation with 100 μM of cupric sulphate, up to 450 mg Cu/kg fresh weight (FW) was accumulated, whereas the same concentration of cupric nitrate resulted in accumulation of 580 mg/kg FW. Furthermore, significant differences in the activity of some antioxidative enzymes in Typha roots compared to the shoots, which are essential in the plant's reaction to cope with metal stress, were observed. The activity of peroxidase (POX) in roots was increased at intermediate concentrations (10 and 50 μM) of CuSO4, whereas it was inhibited at the same Cu(NO3)2 concentrations. Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) increased their enzyme activity intensely, which may be an indication for copper toxicity in T. latifolia plants. Besides, fluorodifen conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) was increased up to sixfold, especially in roots.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lyudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lyubenova
authors.forename: Hanif
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bipuah
authors.forename: Ebenezer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belford
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Michalke
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology; D010944:Plants; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D032401:Typhaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D003300:Copper; C516433:copper(II) nitrate; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C020666:glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate); D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D019327:Copper Sulfate
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