title: Response of microbial community to a new fungicide fluopyram in the silty-loam agricultural soil.
abstract: The impacts of fluopyram on a soil microbial community were studied at three application rates: at the recommended field rate (T1, 0.5mg/kg soil), three-fold recommended field rate (T3, 1.5mg/kg soil) and ten-fold recommended field rate (T10, 5mg/kg soil). Soil samples were taken after 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of application to determine the fluopyram residue and microbial properties (i.e., basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon, microbial community function and structure). The half-lives of the fluopyram at levels of 0.5, 1.5 and 5mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 64.2, 81.5 and 93.6 days, respectively. The results demonstrated that fluopyram treatment (T1, T3 and T10) decreased microbial biomass C but increased the basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, and ecophysiological indices (qCO2). Average well color development (AWCD) represents the oxidative capacity of soil microorganisms cultivated in the BIOLOG micro-plates and usually indicates the overall microbial metabolic capacity. The BIOLOG results revealed that the AWCD in the soil treated with 1.5 and 5mg/kg fluopyram (T3 and T10) was significantly lower than that of the control during the incubation period. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index and McIntosh index) was observed. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis revealed that the addition of fluopyram decreased the total amount of PLFAs, bacterial biomass (both Gram-positive (GP) bacteria and Gram-negative (GN)), fungal biomass, the ratios of the GN/GP and fungi/bacteria at all incubation times. Principal component analyses (PCA) suggested that the addition of fluopyram shifted the soil microbial community structure and function. Hence, fluopyram has a harmful effect on overall soil microbial activity, and changed soil microbial community structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 55000, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Fengshou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: zhengyongquan@ippcaas.cn.
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001549:Benzamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010743:Phospholipids; D011725:Pyridines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002244:Carbon; C572868:N-(2-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl)ethyl)-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-o-toluamide
keywords: Biolog; Fluopyram; PLFA; Soil microbial activity; Soil microbial community