title: Differential up-regulation of ammonia detoxifying enzymes in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum and liver in hyperammonemia.
abstract: In order to gain insight into the ammonia-detoxification mechanisms in the brain and liver tissues, we have investigated the effects of hyperammonemia in rats, in vivo, on the activity levels of a number of ammonia- and glutamate-metabolizing enzymes in mitochondria and the cytosolic fractions of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum and liver. In general, the ammonia metabolizing enzymes - glutaminase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, AMP deaminase, adenosine deaminase, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase - are differentially upregulated in various brain and liver regions of the hyperammonemic rats, indicating that divergent ammonia-detoxification mechanisms are involved in the various brain regions and liver in acute hyperammonemia.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kosenko
authors.forename: Lyudmila A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tikhonova
authors.forename: V Prakash
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Vutukuri P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Gjumrakch
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aliev
authors.affiliation: (Yury G. Kaminsky) Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia. kaminsky@iteb.ru.
authors.forename: Yury G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
mesh_terms: D000659:AMP Deaminase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D005972:Glutaminase; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005972:Glutaminase; D000659:AMP Deaminase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase