title: Epiphytic leafy liverworts diversified in angiosperm-dominated forests.
abstract: Recent studies have provided evidence for pulses in the diversification of angiosperms, ferns, gymnosperms, and mosses as well as various groups of animals during the Cretaceous revolution of terrestrial ecosystems. However, evidence for such pulses has not been reported so far for liverworts. Here we provide new insight into liverwort evolution by integrating a comprehensive molecular dataset with a set of 20 fossil age constraints. We found evidence for a relative constant diversification rate of generalistic liverworts (Jungermanniales) since the Palaeozoic, whereas epiphytic liverworts (Porellales) show a sudden increase of lineage accumulation in the Cretaceous. This difference is likely caused by the pronounced response of Porellales to the ecological opportunities provided by humid, megathermal forests, which were increasingly available as a result of the rise of the angiosperms.
authors.affiliation: Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Feldberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW75BD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Science &Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.affiliation: Mittlere Letten 11, 88634 Herdwangen-Schönach, Germany.
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäfer-Verwimp
authors.affiliation: Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D044822:Biodiversity; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests; D005580:Fossils; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D035926:Hepatophyta / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics*; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C101625:RbcL protein, plastid; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase
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