title: Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ovarian reserve in premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D has been linked to antimüllerian hormone levels, suggesting a possible association with greater ovarian reserve, but large population-based studies are lacking. Our objective was to explore the association between vitamin D and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Uterine Fibroid Study (1996-1999) enrolled randomly selected 30- to 49-year-old members of a Washington, DC, health plan (N = 1,430). Women provided blood and urine samples in addition to questionnaire data. The vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in stored plasma samples. Urinary FSH (mIU/mg creatinine) was measured by immunofluorometric assay. To obtain baseline measures, we limited this investigation to urine samples collected in the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle or 5 days before menses onset. In addition, postmenopausal women and women using oral contraceptives were excluded, leaving 527 women for analysis. FSH was creatinine-adjusted, normalized by log transformation, and modeled with multivariable linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median 25(OH)D level was 12 ng/mL, with approximately 75% of participants below the recommended level of 20 ng/mL. FSH and 25(OH)D were inversely related. For every 10-ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D, urinary FSH decreased by 14% (95% CI, -23 to -5; P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D is inversely related to FSH. This is consistent with literature relating low vitamin D levels to lower antimüllerian hormone levels. Prospective studies should investigate whether low vitamin D levels contribute to decreased ovarian reserve.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC; and 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Anne Marie Z
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jukic
authors.forename: Anne Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Donna D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Baird
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004219:District of Columbia; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D065851:Ovarian Reserve; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
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