title: Optimizing the performance of catalytic traps for hydrocarbon abatement during the cold-start of a gasoline engine.
abstract: A key target to reduce current hydrocarbon emissions from vehicular exhaust is to improve their abatement under cold-start conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of factorial analysis to design a highly efficient catalytic trap. The impact of the synthesis conditions on the preparation of copper-loaded ZSM-5 is clearly revealed by XRD, N2 sorption, FTIR, NH3-TPD, SEM and TEM. A high concentration of copper nitrate precursor in the synthesis improves the removal of hydrocarbons, providing both strong adsorption sites for hydrocarbon retention at low temperature and copper oxide nanoparticles for full hydrocarbon catalytic combustion at high temperature. The use of copper acetate precursor leads to a more homogeneous dispersion of copper oxide nanoparticles also providing enough catalytic sites for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons released from the adsorption sites, although lower copper loadings are achieved. Thus, synthesis conditions leading to high copper loadings jointly with highly dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles would result in an exceptional catalytic trap able to reach superior hydrocarbon abatement under highly demanding operational conditions.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Puértolas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navlani-García
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: tomas@icb.csic.es.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lozano-Castelló
authors.affiliation: Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cazorla-Amorós
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D005742:Gasoline; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D017641:Zeolites; D003300:Copper
keywords: Catalytic traps; Cold-start emissions; Cu-ZSM-5; Factorial design