title: Isolation and enzyme bioprospection of endophytic bacteria associated with plants of Brazilian mangrove ecosystem.
abstract: The mangrove ecosystem is a coastal tropical biome located in the transition zone between land and sea that is characterized by periodic flooding, which confers unique and specific environmental conditions on this biome. In these ecosystems, the vegetation is dominated by a particular group of plant species that provide a unique environment harboring diverse groups of microorganisms, including the endophytic microorganisms that are the focus of this study. Because of their intimate association with plants, endophytic microorganisms could be explored for biotechnologically significant products, such as enzymes, proteins, antibiotics and others. Here, we isolated endophytic microorganisms from two mangrove species, Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia nitida, that are found in streams in two mangrove systems in Bertioga and Cananéia, Brazil. Bacillus was the most frequently isolated genus, comprising 42% of the species isolated from Cananéia and 28% of the species from Bertioga. However, other common endophytic genera such as Pantoea, Curtobacterium and Enterobacter were also found. After identifying the isolates, the bacterial communities were evaluated for enzyme production. Protease activity was observed in 75% of the isolates, while endoglucanase activity occurred in 62% of the isolates. Bacillus showed the highest activity rates for amylase and esterase and endoglucanase. To our knowledge, this is the first reported diversity analysis performed on endophytic bacteria obtained from the branches of mangrove trees and the first overview of the specific enzymes produced by different bacterial genera. This work contributes to our knowledge of the microorganisms and enzymes present in mangrove ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura, "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Quecine
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Lacava
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura, "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura, "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Danice M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Luvizotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura, "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Joelma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Agrosilvopastoral, Sinop, MS Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, CNPMA - Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Itamar S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura, "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: João L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Azevedo
keywords: Bacteria; Biotechnological potential; Endophytes; Enzymes; Mangrove
references.citation: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1957;23(1):15-22
references.pmid: 13425509
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Oct;287(1):8-14
references.pmid: 18710397
references.citation: Can J Microbiol. 2001 Mar;47(3):229-36
references.pmid: 11315114
references.citation: Appl Microbiol. 1971 Aug;22(2):205-9
references.pmid: 4938100
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Aug;73(16):5261-7
references.pmid: 17586664
references.citation: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2010 Nov;98(4):541-51
references.pmid: 20563848
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2006 Jun 15;363(1-3):260-74
references.pmid: 16112715
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006 Jun;9(3):245-51
references.pmid: 16675289
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Sep;64(3):573-606
references.pmid: 10974127
references.citation: Enzyme Res. 2011;2011:280696
references.pmid: 21912738
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10
references.pmid: 2231712
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2001 Sep;95(3):175-82
references.pmid: 11732714
references.citation: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008 Dec;47(6):486-91
references.pmid: 19120915
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Sep;262(2):148-57
references.pmid: 16923069
references.citation: J Biosci Bioeng. 2007 Jun;103(6):501-8
references.pmid: 17630120
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Aug;63(8):3233-41
references.pmid: 9251210
references.citation: Genet Mol Res. 2009 Nov 24;8(4):1408-22
references.pmid: 19937585
references.citation: World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Jan;11(1):85-94
references.pmid: 24414413
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Apr;43(4):777-80
references.pmid: 7081984
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):347-53
references.pmid: 6246357
references.citation: Front Microbiol. 2012 Sep 21;3:342
references.pmid: 23049528
references.citation: World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Apr;28(4):1475-81
references.pmid: 22805929