title: Cardiovascular and autonomic responses to whole-body cryostimulation in essential hypertension.
abstract: Over recent years, a considerable increase in the popularity of cryostimulation and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) procedures has occurred both among healthy individuals and in various groups of patients, including those with primary untreated hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of WBC on the functional parameters of cardiovascular system in normotensive and primarily hypertensive individuals. The study included 26 young male volunteers with normal blood pressure range (NormoBP) and 13 with essential arterial hypertension (HyperBP). Each subject was exposed to cryotherapeutic factor (whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation, WBC) at a temperature of approximately -115°C to -125°C for a period of 3 min. The cardiovascular and autonomic parameters were measured noninvasively with Task Force® Monitor. Measurements in a supine position and tilt test were performed "before WBC" and "after WBC". Our study revealed that cryogenic temperatures exert strong modulatory effect on the cardiovascular system. Both groups showed adaptive changes of myocardial and vascular parameters in response to rapid cooling of virtually the whole body surface. While the profiles of some of these changes were similar in both the groups, also several considerable intergroup differences were documented. Consequently, the cryostimulation and cryotherapy treatment should be prescribed carefully to individuals who present with cardiovascular failure of any degree.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. Electronic address: p.zalewski@cm.umk.pl.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zalewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Theoretical Foundations of Bio-medical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jagiellonska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buszko
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zawadka-Kunikowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Słomko
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szrajda
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Klawe
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tafil-Klawe
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinski
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ageing and Health, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017704:Baroreflex; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Baroreceptors; Cryotherapeutics safety; Hypertension; Whole-body cryostimulation