title: Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among workers: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined the prevalence of diabetes using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a newly recommended diagnostic test. We examined the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes using both HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and their associations with risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large-scale Japanese working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 47,172 men and 8280 women aged 20-69 years who received periodic health checkup in nine companies which participated in the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health study. Participants were categorized into diabetes (HbA1c≥6.5% (≥48mmol/mol), FPG≥126mg/dl (≥7.0mmol/L), or medication for diabetes), pre-diabetes (HbA1c 6.0-6.4% (42-46mmol/mol) or FPG 110-125mg/dl (6.1-6.9mmol/L) among those without diabetes), and normal glucose regulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes was 8.0% and 3.3% in men and women, respectively. Of individuals with diabetes, approximately 80% were defined by HbA1c≥6.5% (≥48mmol/mol) criterion. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 14.1% in men and 9.2% in women. Prevalence of these glucose abnormalities increased with advancing age, especially during mid-40s and 50s. Higher body mass index and waist circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and current smoking were each associated with higher prevalence of diabetes in both men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using HbA1c and FPG criteria or current medication, one in 13 men and one in 30 women had diabetes in the present Japanese working population. Interventions targeted for those in an early stage of impaired glucose metabolism would be required to prevent diabetes.
authors.affiliation: YAMAHA CORPORATION, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kkurotani@ri.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurotani
authors.affiliation: Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Azbil Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Azbil Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.affiliation: Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: YAMAHA CORPORATION, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.affiliation: Mizue Medical Clinic, Keihin Occupational Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Taizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Mizue Medical Clinic, Keihin Occupational Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Chii
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Mizue Medical Clinic, Keihin Occupational Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Kimitsu Works, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: All Japan Labour Welfare Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satsue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.affiliation: Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanri
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ngoc Minh
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kunugita
authors.affiliation: Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seitaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Diabetes; FPG; HbA1c; Japanese; Pre-diabetes; Prevalence