title: Use of sonic instruments for implant biopsy retrieval.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in vitro the quality of dental implant biopsies collected using trephines or a sonic instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty implants, 4 mm long and 2.4 mm in diameter, were installed in twelve fresh bovine ribs. Biopsies were collected after using three different methods for retrieval, 20 biopsies representing each group: (A) A trephine used concentrically; (B) a trephine used eccentrically; and (C) a sonic device (Sonosurgery(®) ). The time used for biopsy collection was recorded, and an evaluation of the quality of the biopsies obtained was performed. The specimens were subsequently prepared for ground sections, and tissue-to-implant contact percentages (TIC%) were evaluated in a stereomicroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time needed for biopsy collection in Groups A and B was between 2 and 3 min, while in C, it amounted to 10-11 min. The differences between Group C and the other two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.00006). Group C showed significantly greater volumes of tissue around the apex of the implants compared with the other two groups (P < 0.027). Groups A and C showed biopsies with higher quality compared with Group B (P < 0.05). Group C presented a higher TIC% compared with the other two groups (P < 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the use of trephines, the use of a sonic device for harvesting biopsies resulted in higher-quality biopsies and generated smaller residual defects. However, the harvesting was more time-consuming and was limited to one aspect of the implants.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Fundación CIEO, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: Universities of Berne and Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Fundación CIEO, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Edwin Elías
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Angarita Alfonso
authors.affiliation: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Fundación CIEO, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Iván Darío
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Bedoya Quintero
authors.affiliation: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Fundación CIEO, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Enrique Mejía
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.affiliation: ARDEC, Ariminum Odontologica, Rimini (Italy) and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botticelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002417:Cattle; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D008853:Microscopy; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: biopsy; dental implants; histology; in vitro study; sonic instrument; sonosurgery®; trephine