title: Respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants affected by primary immunodeficiency.
abstract: Primary immunodeficiencies are rare inherited disorders that may lead to frequent and often severe acute respiratory infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent pathogens during early infancy and the infection is more severe in immunocompromised infants than in healthy infants, as a result of impaired T- and B-cell immune response unable to efficaciously neutralize viral replication, with subsequent increased viral shedding and potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection. Several authors have reported a severe clinical course after RSV infections in infants and children with primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Environmental prophylaxis is essential in order to reduce the infection during the epidemic season in hospitalized immunocompromised infants. Prophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the RSV F protein, is currently recommended in high-risk infants born prematurely, with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. Currently however the prophylaxis is not routinely recommended in infants with primary immunodeficiency, although some authors propose the extension of prophylaxis to this high risk population.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Imola Hospital, Via Montericco 4, 40026 Imola, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2586-314X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanari
authors.affiliation: DIMEC, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 11, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1052-8189
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandini
authors.affiliation: DIMEC, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 11, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Capretti
authors.affiliation: DIMES, Clinical Microbiology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lazzarotto
authors.affiliation: DIMEC, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 11, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faldella
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018890:Chemoprevention; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents
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