title: Overexpression of GOLPH3 is associated with poor prognosis and clinical progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been identified as an oncoprotein in various human cancers; however, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unknown. We examined GOLPH3 expression levels and relationship with survival in patients with PDAC to establish the significance of GOLPH3 in the development and progression of PDAC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time qPCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein in paired PDAC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression levels of GOLPH3 protein in paraffin-embedded tissues from 109 cases of PDAC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify correlations between the immunohistochemical data for GOLPH3 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics in PDAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression levels of GOLPH3 mRNA and protein were upregulated in PDAC lesions compared to paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. Expression of GOLPH3 was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.006), T classification (P = 0.021), N classification (P = 0.049) and liver metastasis (P = 0.035). Patients with high GOLPH3 expression had shorter overall survival times compared to those with low GOLPH3 expression (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that GOLPH3 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in PDAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that GOLPH3 expression status may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in PCAC.
authors.forename: Luan-Jing
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ke-Bing
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Long-Shan
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lian-Zhou
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bao-Gang
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Li-Jian
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China. wenli28@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing-Tang
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C429024:GOLPH3 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2009 Jul-Aug;59(4):225-49
references.pmid: 19474385
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Feb 16;276(7):5152-65
references.pmid: 11042173
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Apr;17(4):981-90
references.pmid: 20087786
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Apr;16(4):836-47
references.pmid: 19194760
references.citation: J Transl Med. 2012 Aug 20;10:168
references.pmid: 22905766
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1393-9
references.pmid: 19228740
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Apr 15;16(8):2229-34
references.pmid: 20354134
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e45622
references.pmid: 23056210
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1085-90
references.pmid: 19553991
references.citation: Cell. 2014 Jan 30;156(3):413-27
references.pmid: 24485452
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Nov;8(11):3445-53
references.pmid: 12429633
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2009 Oct 15;10:476
references.pmid: 19832994
references.citation: Clin Transl Oncol. 2008 Sep;10(9):530-7
references.pmid: 18796369
references.citation: Pancreas. 2005 Jul;31(1):13-22
references.pmid: 15968242
references.citation: Gene. 2007 Oct 1;400(1-2):82-8
references.pmid: 17629635
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Oct 16;139(2):337-51
references.pmid: 19837035
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Feb 28;18(8):840-6
references.pmid: 22371645
references.citation: Pancreas. 2011 Jul;40(5):644-52
references.pmid: 21673535
references.citation: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010 Sep;8(9):972-1017
references.pmid: 20876541
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Aug 1;18(15):4059-69
references.pmid: 22675169
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Mar 27;363(9414):1049-57
references.pmid: 15051286
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Feb 21;17(7):867-97
references.pmid: 21412497
references.citation: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar;7(3):163-72
references.pmid: 20101258
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2012 Nov;110(2):195-203
references.pmid: 22972189
references.citation: Traffic. 2000 Dec;1(12):963-75
references.pmid: 11208086