title: AI-2 of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation.
abstract: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative bacterium, and Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus, are both commensals of the oral cavity but both are opportunistic pathogens that can cause oral diseases. A. actinomycetemcomitans produces a quorum-sensing molecule called autoinducer-2 (AI-2), synthesized by LuxS, that plays an important role in expression of virulence factors, in intra- but also in interspecies communication. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AI-2 based signaling in the interactions between C. albicans and A. actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans adhered to C. albicans and inhibited biofilm formation by means of a molecule that was secreted during growth. C. albicans biofilm formation increased significantly when co-cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans luxS, lacking AI-2 production. Addition of wild-type-derived spent medium or synthetic AI-2 to spent medium of the luxS strain, restored inhibition of C. albicans biofilm formation to wild-type levels. Addition of synthetic AI-2 significantly inhibited hypha formation of C. albicans possibly explaining the inhibition of biofilm formation. AI-2 of A. actinomycetemcomitans is synthesized by LuxS, accumulates during growth and inhibits C. albicans hypha- and biofilm formation. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between bacteria and fungi may provide important insight into the balance within complex oral microbial communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Endang W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Bachtiar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Boy M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bachtiar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The W.J. Kolff Institute, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucja M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jarosz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunarto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ganin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Meijler
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bastiaan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Krom
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000502:physiology*; D000898:Antibiosis; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology*; D013437:Carbon-Sulfur Lyases / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006714:Homoserine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae; D007783:Lactones / Q000378:metabolism*; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D009154:Mutation; D010422:Pentanones / Q000378:metabolism; D053038:Quorum Sensing
chemical_list: C551402:4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007783:Lactones; C091088:N-octanoylhomoserine lactone; D010422:Pentanones; D006714:Homoserine; D013437:Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; C117753:LuxS protein, Bacteria
keywords: interspecies interaction; oral microbiology; quorum sensing
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Aug;6(8):635-43
references.pmid: 18536728
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2002 Apr;148(Pt 4):909-922
references.pmid: 11932438
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2009 Oct;299(1):1-8
references.pmid: 19552706
references.citation: FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007 Feb;49(1):149-54
references.pmid: 17266722
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2004 Sep 10;15(5):677-87
references.pmid: 15350213
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2002 Jul;184(13):3442-9
references.pmid: 12057937
references.citation: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1999;10(3):359-83
references.pmid: 10759414
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2004 Jan;150(Pt 1):229-240
references.pmid: 14702416
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2003 Nov;112(9):1291-9
references.pmid: 14597753
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2009 Dec 15;9:259
references.pmid: 20003481
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2001 May;39(5):2002-5
references.pmid: 11326035
references.citation: Chembiochem. 2010 Jul 26;11(11):1552-62
references.pmid: 20572249
references.citation: Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jul 15;19(14):3941-4
references.pmid: 19394822
references.citation: J Periodontal Res. 1982 Sep;17(5):447-8
references.pmid: 6218267
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Nov;77(22):8193-6
references.pmid: 21926199
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 May;71(5):2372-80
references.pmid: 15870324
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2006 Jun;60(6):1446-56
references.pmid: 16796680
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2001 Jul;183(13):3903-9
references.pmid: 11395453
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Jan;13(1):134-45
references.pmid: 11809828
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1999 May;70(5):504-9
references.pmid: 10368054
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Aug;185(16):4851-60
references.pmid: 12897005
references.citation: Oral Dis. 2004 Mar;10(2):106-12
references.pmid: 14996281
references.citation: J Microbiol Methods. 2007 Feb;68(2):421-3
references.pmid: 17005276
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2009 Sep;77(9):3696-704
references.pmid: 19528215
references.citation: Eukaryot Cell. 2009 Nov;8(11):1658-64
references.pmid: 19717744
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jul;67(7):2982-92
references.pmid: 11425711
references.citation: Support Care Cancer. 2012 Dec;20(12):3231-40
references.pmid: 22531876
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Dec;105(6):2096-103
references.pmid: 19120655
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2010 Jul;78(7):2919-26
references.pmid: 20404080
references.citation: Med Mycol. 2008 Dec;46(8):783-93
references.pmid: 18608938
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2010 Feb;78(2):783-92
references.pmid: 19995894
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2010 Jul;81(7):1010-8
references.pmid: 20370418
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2001 Dec;69(12):7625-34
references.pmid: 11705942
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 May;186(9):2682-91
references.pmid: 15090509
references.citation: Microbiol Immunol. 2005;49(7):599-603
references.pmid: 16034202
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 19;287(43):36111-22
references.pmid: 22942290
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Nov;7(11):e1002312
references.pmid: 22114549