title: Tissue slide-based microRNA characterization of tumors: how detailed could diagnosis become for cancer medicine?
abstract: miRNAs are short, non-coding, regulatory RNAs that exert cell type-dependent, context-dependent, transcriptome-wide gene expression control under physiological and pathological conditions. Tissue slide-based assays provide qualitative (tumor compartment) and semi-quantitative (expression levels) information about altered miRNA expression at single-cell resolution in clinical tumor specimens. Reviewed here are key technological advances in the last 5 years that have led to implementation of fully automated, robust and reproducible tissue slide-based assays for in situ miRNA detection on US FDA-approved instruments; recent tissue slide-based discovery studies that suggest potential clinical applications of specific miRNAs in cancer medicine are highlighted; and the challenges in bringing tissue slide-based miRNA assays into the clinic are discussed, including clinical validation, biomarker performance, biomarker space and integration with other biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of microRNA Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave, N.E, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Lorenzo F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sempere
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016612:Paraffin Embedding
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: biomarker; contextual information; diagnostics; formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues; in situ hybridization; locked nucleic acid; miR; miRNA; multiplex assay
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