title: Dynamic EpCAM expression on circulating and disseminating tumor cells: causes and consequences.
abstract: Formation of metastasis is the most important and lethal step in cancer progression. Circulating and disseminated cancer cells (CTCs/DTCs) in blood and bone marrow are considered as potential metastases-inducing cells. Their detection and characterization has, therefore, become a field of major interest in translational and clinical research in oncology. The main strategy to detect these cells relies thus far on the epithelial characteristics of carcinoma cells and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) represents the most commonly used epithelial marker to capture CTCs/DTCs. Recent data, however, demonstrated a dynamic expression of EpCAM associated with a loss during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The present review summarizes the potential mechanisms and reasons for a dynamic expression of EpCAM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany, olivier.gires@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gires
authors.forename: Nikolas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Stoecklein
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
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