title: A comprehensive global inventory of atmospheric Antimony emissions from anthropogenic activities, 1995-2010.
abstract: Antimony (Sb) and its compounds are considered as global pollutants due to their health risks and long-range transport characteristics. A comprehensive global inventory of atmospheric antimony emissions from anthropogenic activities during the period of 1995-2010 has been developed with specific estimation methods based on the relevant data available for different continents and countries. Our results indicate that the global antimony emissions have increased to a peak at about 2232 t (t) in 2005 and then declined gradually. Global antimony emissions in 2010 are estimated at about 1904 t (uncertainty of a 95% confidence interval (CI): -30% ∼ 67%), with fuel combustion as the major source category. Asia and Europe account for about 57% and 24%, respectively, of the global total emissions, and China, the United States, and Japan rank as the top three emitting countries. Furthermore, global antimony emissions are distributed into gridded cells with a resolution of 1° × 1°. Regions with high Sb emissions are generally concentrated in the Southeastern Asia and Western Europe, while South Africa, economically developed regions in the eastern U.S., and Mexico are also responsible for the high antimony emission intensity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Hezhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: JunRui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chuanyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Mengchang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kaiyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shenbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000965:Antimony / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D005843:Geography; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter; D000965:Antimony