title: Effects of diclofenac and celecoxib on osteoclastogenesis during alveolar bone healing, in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS IS COORDINATED BY THE INTERACTION OF MEMBERS OF THE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) SUPERFAMILY: Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the RANKL/OPG balance during the healing of the alveolar process.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an experimental study, carried on 45 male Wistar rats (200 ± 25 g, 8-10 weeks old). After extraction of the right maxillary first molar, 15 rats received 5 mg/kg/day of diclofenac and 15 rats received 15 mg/kg/day of celecoxib and 15 rats received normal saline. The animals were sacrificed 7, 14 and 21 days after tooth extraction. The number of osteoclasts, OPG and RANKL messenger ribonucleic acid expression were determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On days 7, 14 and 21 the ratio of RANKL/OPG in the control group was higher than diclofenac and celecoxib groups. TRAP immunolabeling of the control group was more than diclofenac group on day 7 and was more than celecoxib group on day 14. On day 21, no significant differences were noted among the three studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both drugs affect RANKL/OPG gene expression and also osteoclastogenesis in alveolar socket during the experimental period of 21 days.
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Parichehr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghalayani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minaiyan
authors.affiliation: Dental Implant Research Center and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.affiliation: Dental and Oral Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajisadeghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naghsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Shah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abuie
keywords: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; osteoclastogenesis; osteoprotegerin; receptor activator of nuclear factor- κB ligand; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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