title: Biodegradation of cefdinir by a novel yeast strain, Ustilago sp. SMN03 isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater.
abstract: Cefdinir, a semi-synthetic third generation cephalosporin antibiotic being considered as an emerging pollutant, demands removal from aquatic ecosystems. A yeast strain isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater which was identified as Ustilago sp. SMN03 by molecular techniques and was found to be capable of utilizing cefdinir as a sole carbon source. The isolate was found to degrade 81 % of cefdinir within 6 days under optimized conditions viz. pH 6.0, temperature 30 °C, a shaking speed of 120 rpm, an inoculum dosage of 4 % (w/v) and an initial cefdinir concentration of 200 mg L(-1). Kinetic studies revealed that cefdinir degradation followed the pseudo-first order model, a rate constant of 0.222 per day and a half-life period of 3.26 days. Using LC-MS analysis, six novel intermediates formed during the cefdinir degradation were identified and characterized. FT-IR analysis showed that the functional groups ranging from 1,766 to 1,519 cm(-1), characteristic for lactam ring were completely removed during the cefdinir degradation. The opening of the β-lactam ring was one of the major steps in the cefdinir degradation process. Based on the results from the present study, a possible pathway of cefdinir degradation by Ustilago sp. SMN03 was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on microbial degradation of cefdinir by yeast.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Selvi
authors.forename: Jaseetha Abdul
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: Nilanjana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D000077525:Cefdinir; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014588:Ustilago / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000077525:Cefdinir; D002511:Cephalosporins; D062065:Wastewater
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