title: Tracking electrons in biological macromolecules: from ensemble to single molecule.
abstract: Nature utilizes oxido-reductases to cater to the energy demands of most biochemical processes in respiratory species. Oxido-reductases are capable of meeting this challenge by utilizing redox active sites, often containing transition metal ions, which facilitate movement and relocation of electrons/protons to create a potential gradient that is used to energize redox reactions. There has been a consistent struggle by researchers to estimate the electron transfer rate constants in physiologically relevant processes. This review provides a brief background on the measurements of electron transfer rates in biological molecules, in particular Cu-containing enzymes, and highlights the recent advances in monitoring these electron transfer events at the single molecule level or better to say, at the individual event level.
authors.affiliation: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanismes (CNRS UMR-8221), Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France.
authors.forename: Leandro C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tabares
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, PO Box 9504, RA Leiden 2300, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, PO Box 9504, RA Leiden 2300, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thijs J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Aartsma
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, PO Box 9504, RA Leiden 2300, The Netherlands. canters@chem.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Gerard W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canters
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004579:Electron Transport; D004583:Electrons; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D003300:Copper; D010088:Oxidoreductases
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