title: Use of passive samplers for improving oil toxicity and spill effects assessment.
abstract: Methods that quantify dissolved hydrocarbons are needed to link oil exposures to toxicity. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers can serve this purpose. If fibers are equilibrated with oiled water, dissolved hydrocarbons partition to and are concentrated on the fiber. The absorbed concentration (Cpolymer) can be quantified by thermal desorption using GC/FID. Further, given that the site of toxic action is hypothesized as biota lipid and partitioning of hydrocarbons to lipid and fibers is well correlated, Cpolymer is hypothesized to be a surrogate for toxicity prediction. To test this method, toxicity data for physically and chemically dispersed oils were generated for shrimp, Americamysis bahia, and compared to test exposures characterized by Cpolymer. Results indicated that Cpolymer reliably predicted toxicity across oils and dispersions. To illustrate field application, SPME results are reported for oil spills at the Ohmsett facility. SPME fibers provide a practical tool to improve characterization of oil exposures and predict effects in future lab and field studies.
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 US Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Letinski
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 800 Bell Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA. Electronic address: thomas.f.parkerton@exxonmobil.com.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parkerton
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 US Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 US Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., 1545 US Highway 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bragin
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Research Qatar, Maysaloum Street, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Febbo
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77098, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palandro
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 3120 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX 77098, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nedwed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D033364:Decapoda / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioavailability; Dispersants; Oil; Passive samplers; Toxicity