title: Global vaccine supply. The increasing role of manufacturers from middle income countries.
abstract: Hallmarks in the remarkable evolution of vaccines and their application include the eradication of smallpox, the development and delivery of the early childhood vaccines and the emergence of recombinant vaccines initiated by the hepatitis B vaccine. Now we enter a most exciting era as vaccines are increasingly produced and delivered in less developed countries. The results are dramatic decreases in childhood morbidity and mortality around the world.
authors.affiliation: Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: dfrancis@gsid.org.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Consultant, Beijing, PR China; Former WHO Medical Officer, EPI, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Trials and Pharmacovigilance, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Precioso
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002681:China; D003906:Developing Countries; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000639:trends*; D007194:India; D014612:Vaccines / Q000600:supply & distribution*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Less develop countries; Production; Supply; Vaccine