title: Significance of glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with drastic hormonal and metabolic alterations. In uncontrolled diabetes, these disturbances worsen the condition leading to development of life threatening complications. Present study was planned to compare hormonal and metabolic disturbances in controlled and uncontrolled type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective, analytical case control study was carried out from Jan 2004 to July 2007. Sample size was 60, divided into 3 groups: Non-diabetic control (group A), controlled TID (group B) and uncontrolled TID (group C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uncontrolled type 1 diabetics when compared with control group, presented with significant hyperglycaemia (p < 0.001), hypoinsulinemia (p < 0.001), hyperglucagonemia (p < 0.01), raised BMI (p < 0.05), hyponatremia (p < 0.01), hyperkalemia (p < 0.01), acidemia (p < 0.05), high arterial Pco2 (p < 0.05), low plasma HCO3- (p < 0.05), raised plasma triglyceride, LDL Cholesterol and total cholesterol level (p < 0.01) but low HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). On similar comparison controlled type I diabetics showed significant hyperglycaemia (p < 0.001 ) and hypoinsulinemia (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular assessment, monitoring and control of T1D has positive impact in preventing development of diabetic dyslipidemia and other hormonal and metabolic derangements which, if left uncontrolled can lead to life threatening diabetic complications.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahid
authors.forename: Abdul Khaliq
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Naveed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000097:blood; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005934:Glucagon; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human