title: Assessment of food processing and pharmaceutical industrial wastes as potential biosorbents: a review.
abstract: There is a growing need for the use of low-cost and ecofriendly adsorbents in water/wastewater treatment applications. Conventional adsorbents as well as biosorbents from different natural and agricultural sources have been extensively studied and reviewed. However, there is a lack of reviews on biosorption utilizing industrial wastes, particularly those of food processing and pharmaceuticals. The current review evaluates the potential of these wastes as biosorbents for the removal of some hazardous contaminants. Sources and applications of these biosorbents are presented, while factors affecting biosorption are discussed. Equilibrium, kinetics, and mechanisms of biosorption are also reviewed. In spite of the wide spread application of these biosorbents in the treatment of heavy metals and dyes, more research is required on other classes of pollutants. In addition, further work should be dedicated to studying scaling up of the process and its economic feasibility. More attention should also be given to enhancing mechanical strength, stability, life time, and reproducibility of the biosorbent. Environmental concerns regarding disposal of consumed biosorbents should be addressed by offering feasible biosorbent regeneration or pollutant immobilization options.
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, National Research Centre, Al Bohooth Station, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt ; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4.
authors.forename: Hanan E M
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, National Research Centre, Al Bohooth Station, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt ; Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt ; University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 252 TRC Building, 5200 Westland Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
authors.forename: Mayyada M H
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
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