title: Clinical and mutational spectrum in Korean patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: the spectrum of brain MRI abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders caused by mutations of epigenetic genes. The CREBBP gene is the most common causative gene, encoding the CREB-binding protein with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, an epigenetic modulator. To date, there have been few reports on the structural abnormalities of the brain in RSTS patients. In addition, there are no reports on the analysis of CREBBP mutations in Korean RSTS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed mutational analyses on 16 unrelated patients with RSTS, with diagnosis based on the typical clinical features. Their medical records and brain MRI images were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of 16 patients (62.5%) had mutations in the CREBBP gene. The mutations included five frameshift mutations (31.2%), two nonsense mutations (12.5%), and three multiexon deletions (18.8%). There were no remarkable significant differences in the clinical features between those with and without a CREBBP mutation, although brain MRI abnormalities were more frequently observed in those with a CREBBP mutation. Seven of 10 patients in whom brain imaging was performed had structural abnormalities, including Chiari malformation type 1, thinning of the corpus callosum, and delayed myelination. There were no differences in delayed development or cognitive impairment between those with and without abnormal brain images, while epilepsy was involved in two patients who had abnormalities on brain MRI images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We investigated the spectrum of CREBBP mutations in Korean patients with RSTS for the first time. Eight novel mutations extended the genetic spectrum of CREBBP mutations in RSTS patients. This is also the first study showing the prevalence and spectrum of abnormalities on brain MRI in RSTS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Christine K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, SMG-SNU Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Seung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Sup
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: pednr@plaza.snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki Joong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chaeped1@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007723:Korea; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012415:Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; C494363:CREBBP protein, human
keywords: Brain MRI abnormalities; CREBBP; Genotype–phenotype; HAT domain; Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS)