title: Role of epidermal γδ T-cell-derived interleukin 13 in the skin-whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1.
abstract: Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1. Although GF1 has several benefits for skin physiology, the effect of GF1 on skin pigmentation has not been reported. We found that a cream containing 0.1% GF1 showed a significant whitening effect on artificially tanned human skin after 8 weeks of application. However, GF1 did not inhibit mRNA expression of tyrosinase or dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) or cocultured NHEMs/normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Interestingly, GF1 enhanced production of interleukin 13 (IL-13) from human epidermal γδ T cells. IL-13 significantly reduced the mRNA expression and protein amount of both tyrosinase and DCT and reduced melanin synthesis activities in NHEMs, resulting in visible brightening of NHEM pellet. These results suggest that enhancement of IL-13 production by GF1 from epidermal γδ T cells might play a role in the skin-whitening effect of GF1 via the suppression of tyrosinase and DCT.
authors.affiliation: R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Eunkyung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: EunJoo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung Hun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Ohsang
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Tae Hong
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Tae Ryong
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwangmi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology*; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D018793:Interleukin-13; D008543:Melanins; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; C055327:ginsenoside F1; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase
keywords: epidermal γδ T cells; ginsenoside F1; interleukin 13; skin whitening