title: 3D tissue-engineered model of Ewing's sarcoma.
abstract: Despite longstanding reliance upon monolayer culture for studying cancer cells, and numerous advantages from both a practical and experimental standpoint, a growing body of evidence suggests that more complex three-dimensional (3D) models are necessary to properly mimic many of the critical hallmarks associated with the oncogenesis, maintenance and spread of Ewing's sarcoma (ES), the second most common pediatric bone tumor. And as clinicians increasingly turn to biologically-targeted therapies that exert their effects not only on the tumor cells themselves, but also on the surrounding extracellular matrix, it is especially important that preclinical models evolve in parallel to reliably measure antineoplastic effects and possible mechanisms of de novo and acquired drug resistance. Herein, we highlight a number of innovative methods used to fabricate biomimetic ES tumors, encompassing both the surrounding cellular milieu and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and suggest potential applications to advance our understanding of ES biology, preclinical drug testing, and personalized medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77054, USA.
authors.forename: Salah-Eddine
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lamhamedi-Cherradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77054, USA.
authors.forename: Vandhana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramammoorthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77054, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Menegaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutic, SiRNA screen laboratory, (MDACC), Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartholomeusz
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutic, SiRNA screen laboratory, (MDACC), Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Lakesla R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Iles
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathology (MDACC), Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Hesham M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Medicine (MDACC), Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Antonios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mikos
authors.affiliation: Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77054, USA. Electronic address: jaludwig@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: 3D; ECM; Ewing's sarcoma; MCTS; Preclinical testing; Scaffolds; Tissue-engineering; Tumor model
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