title: Verification of a novel method for tube voltage constancy measurement of orthovoltage x-ray irradiators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For orthovoltage x-ray irradiators, the tube voltage is one of the most fundamental system parameters as this directly relates to the dosimetry in radiation biology studies; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no commercial portable quality assurance (QA) tool to directly test the constancy of the tube voltage greater than 160 kV. The purpose of this study is to establish the Beam Quality Index (BQI), a quantity strongly correlated to the tube voltage, as an alternative parameter for the verification of the tube voltage as part of the QA program of orthovoltage x-ray irradiators.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multipurpose QA meter and its associated data acquisition software were used to customize the measurement parameters to measure the BQI and collect its time-plot. BQI measurements were performed at 320 kV with four filtration levels on three orthovoltage x-ray irradiators of the same model, one of which had been recently energy-calibrated at the factory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each of the four filtration levels, the measured BQI values were in good agreement (<5%) between the three irradiators. BQI showed filtration-specificity, possibly due to the difference in beam quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BQI has been verified as a feasible alternative for monitoring the constancy of the tube voltage for orthovoltage irradiators. The time-plot of BQI offers information on the behavior of beam energy at different phases of the irradiation time line. In addition, this would provide power supply performance characteristics from initial ramp-up to plateau, and finally, the sharp drop-off at the end of the exposure.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 and Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 and Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Belley
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Nelson J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dewhirst
authors.affiliation: Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014965:X-Rays
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