title: Cephalometric norms for 6-17 year-old Iranians with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caucasian norms are still used in the orthodontic treatment of Iranian patients, despite the different ethnic backgrounds of Iranians. The aims of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric features of an Iranian population and to establish cephalometric norms for Iranian living in the central region of Iran (Isfahan).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 238 lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of Iranians (142 females and 96 males; aged 6-17 years) with acceptable profiles and Class I dental relationships were analyzed in five age groups. The mean value, standard deviation and range of 20 angular and linear variables were calculated. The resulting norms for Iranian were compared with Caucasian norms and results of other studies on Iranian population using t-test. Male and female groups were also compared using the independent t-test (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iranians tend to have an increased angle of convexity and IMPA (incisor to mandibular plane angle) and bimaxillary protrusion as compared with norms of Down's analysis. Anterior lower face height and anterior face height were greater than Burrstone's sample measurement. Sella-Nasion (S-N) length was greater than Rakosi's norm. Iranians tend to have an increased ANB (A point-Nasion-B point) angle as compared with Steiner's norms. Males tend to have greater cranial dimensions than females as indicated by the statistically significant increase in anterior face height and S-N length (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iranians have distinct cephalometric features, which should be used as a reference in treating Iranian orthodontic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azarbayejani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Alirezaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Alimohammad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalaantar-Motamedi
authors.affiliation: Orthodontist, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdaad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdellahi
authors.affiliation: Orthodontist, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Taalebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teimoori
keywords: Cephalometry; face; normal occlusion; reference standards
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