title: Phase II drugs currently being investigated for the treatment of hypogonadism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypogonadism is the most common endocrine disorder, which affects men of all age groups. Recent shifts in public awareness, increased screening and recognition of symptoms and updated diagnostic criteria have led to an increase in men diagnosed as hypogonadal, including middle-aged and older men who previously would have been considered eugonadal. The increase in testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has paralleled an increase in advancements of treatment options. Although current therapies are highly efficacious for many men, there remains a need for newer therapies that are more cost-effective, preserve ease of use and administration, mitigate undesirable effects and closely mimic physiological levels of testosterone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review, the authors discuss current TRTs and therapies in development for the treatment of hypogonadism. The focus is on therapies under Phase II investigation or those who have recently completed Phase II study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With several new therapies in development, the authors expect advancements in achieving treatment benchmarks that meet the needs of the individual symptomatic hypogonadal male. Increased public awareness of hypogonadism and TRT has led to a welcomed expansion in the choice of TRT options. These include new delivery systems, formulations, routes of administration and non-testosterone modalities.
authors.affiliation: University Urology, Manhattan Medical Research , 215 Lexington Ave, Floor 20, New York, NY 10016 , USA +1 212 686 9015 ; +1 212 686 8607 ; jckammd@att.net.
authors.forename: Emeka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Udedibia
authors.forename: Jed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaminetsky
mesh_terms: D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: hypogonadism; late onset hypogonadism; low testosterone; testosterone replacement therapy