title: Causes and incidence of maxillofacial injuries in India: 12-year retrospective study of 4437 patients in a tertiary hospital in Gujarat.
abstract: Maxillofacial injuries are unique because of the anatomical complexity of the area and their associated psychological effects. An understanding of the epidemiology of these injuries is important if we are to develop preventive measures, increase the efficiency and delivery of health services, improve the skills of healthcare providers, and better distribute resources. We retrospectively evaluated data on 4455 patients (aged between 3 and 84 years) who presented with maxillofacial injuries to a tertiary referral hospital in Ahmedabad, India, between 1 January 1999 and 31 January 2010. Of these, 18 needed only rest and medication so 4437 were included. Data included patients'characteristics and the cause of injury. Details on the presentation and severity of injury, associated injuries including head injuries, the influence of alcohol and other drugs, treatment, and outcome, were also included. Around one-third were aged between 21and 30 years, and the male to female ratio was 5:1. The main causes of injury were road traffic accidents (n=2347, 53%) and interpersonal violence (n=1041, 23%). Most road traffic accidents involved two-wheeled vehicles. Alcohol was associated with 11% of injuries. A total of 2546 patients (57%) had mandibular fractures. To reduce the number of injuries we need better road safety laws with stringent enforcement, and the public, particularly those between 15 and 45 years of age, must be educated about road safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India. Electronic address: dr.huweihsin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weihsin
authors.affiliation: Smile Train cleft lip and palate project, Indus Hospital, Sabarmati, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thadani
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Suket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tailor
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Ramita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Ahmedabad Municipal Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langalia
authors.affiliation: Ex. Intern - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Twinkle
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Maxillofacial injuries; mandible fracture; middle third fracture; road traffic accidents (RTA).