title: A farnesoid X receptor polymorphism predisposes to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In mice, the farnesoid X receptor is involved in bacterial translocation, which can result in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. We investigated if polymorphisms in the farnesoid X receptor gene influence the risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory and clinical data of 293 cirrhotic patients with ascites and 226 healthy controls were prospectively collected. The rs56163822, rs11110390 and rs12313471 polymorphisms of the farnesoid X receptor were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  115 (39%) patients had spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Distribution of all farnesoid X receptor genotypes matched the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis had a higher frequency of the rs56163822 GT genotype (7.0%) than patients without (1.7%, OR=4.4, p=0.02). This genotype was confirmed as predictor of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by binary logistic regression analysis (OR=6.8, p=0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The farnesoid X receptor rs56163822 GT genotype increases the risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Germany. Electronic address: philipp.lutz@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langhans
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grünhage
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Appenrodt
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Germany.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nattermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lammert
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Germany.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoerauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauerbruch
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Strassburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spengler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Nischalke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001201:Ascites / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
keywords: Ascites; Farnesoid X receptor; Liver cirrhosis; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis