title: Beneficial autoimmunity at body surfaces - immune surveillance and rapid type 2 immunity regulate tissue homeostasis and cancer.
abstract: Epithelial cells (ECs) line body surface tissues and provide a physicochemical barrier to the external environment. Frequent microbial and non-microbial challenges such as those imposed by mechanical disruption, injury or exposure to noxious environmental substances including chemicals, carcinogens, ultraviolet-irradiation, or toxins cause activation of ECs with release of cytokines and chemokines as well as alterations in the expression of cell-surface ligands. Such display of epithelial stress is rapidly sensed by tissue-resident immunocytes, which can directly interact with self-moieties on ECs and initiate both local and systemic immune responses. ECs are thus key drivers of immune surveillance at body surface tissues. However, ECs have a propensity to drive type 2 immunity (rather than type 1) upon non-invasive challenge or stress - a type of immunity whose regulation and function still remain enigmatic. Here, we review the induction and possible role of type 2 immunity in epithelial tissues and propose that rapid immune surveillance and type 2 immunity are key regulators of tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalessandri
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strid
keywords: IgE; Type 2 immunity; carcinogenesis; epithelial cells; immune surveillance; intraepithelial lymphocytes; sterile stress; tissue homeostasis
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