title: Differential stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Crohn's disease by fungal glycans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by loss of tolerance to intestinal microorganisms. This is reflected by serological responses to fungal glycans such as mannan and β-glucans. Fungal glycans have various effects on immune cells. However, the evidence for their effects in CD is vague. This study aimed to assess the effects of fungal cell wall glycans on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CD and control patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human PBMCs from CD and control patients were stimulated by fungal cell wall glycans. Cytokine secretion was detected by ELISA and glycan receptor expression by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mannan, β-glucans (curdlan), chitosan, and zymosan induced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-23, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α by PBMCs. Spleen tyrosin kinase and Src tyrosine kinase were involved in the response to mannan and β-glucans. Mannan and whole yeast cells induced a significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokine response in CD compared with control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results may suggest that CD is characterized by hyperresponsiveness to fungal glycans. Thus, glycans may potentially be triggering or perpetuating inflammation.
authors.affiliation: IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases and The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Liran
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baram
authors.forename: Sarit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen-Kedar
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spektor
authors.forename: Hofit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elad
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guzner-Gur
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dotan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D048271:Chitosan / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015054:Zymosan / Q000276:immunology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000276:immunology*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053759:Interleukin-23; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008351:Mannans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans; D016753:Interleukin-10; C038459:curdlan; D015054:Zymosan; D048271:Chitosan; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases
keywords: Crohn's disease; anti-glycan antibodies; cytokines; mannan.; β-glucans