title: Sleep electroencephalographic characteristics of the Cynomolgus monkey measured by telemetry.
abstract: Cynomolgus monkeys are widely used as models of diseases and in pre-clinical studies to assess the impact of new pharmacotherapies on brain function and behaviour. However, the time course of electroencephalographic delta activity during sleep, which represents the main marker of sleep intensity associated with recovery during sleep, has never been described in this non-human primate. In this study, telemetry implants were used to record one spontaneous 24-h sleep-wake cycle in four freely-moving Cynomolgus monkeys, and to quantify the time course of electroencephalographic activity during sleep using spectral analysis. Animals presented a diurnal activity pattern interrupted by short naps. During the dark period, most of the time was spent in sleep with non-rapid eye movement sleep/rapid eye movement sleep alternations and sleep consolidation profiles intermediate between rodents and humans. Deep non-rapid eye movement sleep showed a typical predominance at the beginning of the night with decreased propensity in the course of the night, which was accompanied by a progressive increase in rapid eye movement sleep duration. Spectral profiles showed characteristic changes between vigilance states as reported in other mammalian species. Importantly, delta activity also followed the expected time course of variation, showing a build-up with wakefulness duration and dissipation across the night. Thus, Cynomolgus monkeys present typical characteristics of sleep architecture and spectral structure as those observed in other mammalian species including humans, validating the use of telemetry in this non-human primate model for translational sleep studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachalski
authors.affiliation: CiToxLAB North America, 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Authier
authors.affiliation: CiToxLAB North America, 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.affiliation: CiToxLAB North America, 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pouliot
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Gaétan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mongrain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D003624:Darkness; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013686:Telemetry; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: delta power; electroencephalogram spectral analysis; non-human primates; non-rapid eye movement sleep; rapid eye movement sleep; sleep regulation