title: Multilevel evaluation of 'China Healthy Lifestyles for All', a nationwide initiative to promote lower intakes of salt and edible oil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of 'China Healthy Lifestyle for All' on levels of knowledge, taste and intentions to modify future consumption of salt and edible oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May and August 2012, a face-to-face survey carried out in all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China, achieved a 98.1% response. Intention-To-Treat analysis via multilevel logistic regression was used to examine differences in outcomes between 31,396 non-institutionalised individuals aged > 18 years from 31 'intervention' (i.e. participating) and 26 'control' (i.e. non-participating) counties respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusting for socioeconomic confounders, participants in 'intervention' counties were more likely to know the limit of salt (Odds Ratio 3.14, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.98, 4.96) and oil consumption (3.67, 95% CI 2.31, 5.82), and were more intent to modify their consumption (salt 1.98, 95% CI 1.41, 2.76; oil OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.41, 2.81) and to report a change in taste (salt 1.90, 95% CI 1.31, 2.75; oil 2.07, 95% CI 1.38, 3.10). 'Intervention' effects were consistent regardless of income or education, but women and older participants benefited disproportionately. Outcomes were 2.8 and 4.7 times more likely among those with better recall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Place-based health promotion interventions have an important role to play in addressing non-communicable disease in China.
authors.affiliation: Division of NCD Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China. Electronic address: juanzhang008@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, UK. Electronic address: T.Astell-Burt@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Astell-Burt
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Chul
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, National Health and Family Planning Commission, China.
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of NCD Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Shicheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Guoshuang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Qingdao University, China.
authors.forename: Duofu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Division of NCD Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuebin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Division of NCD Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jinglei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of NCD Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: China; Edible oil; Geographic variations; Health literacy; Multilevel modelling; Preventive health; Salt