title: Adolescent sleep and cellular phone use: recent trends and implications for research.
abstract: Adolescent sleep needs range from 8.5-10 hours per night, with older adolescents requiring less sleep than younger adolescents. On average, however, American adolescents receive between 7.5-8.5 hours of sleep per night, with many sleeping fewer than 6.5 hours on school nights. Cellular phone use is emerging as an important factor that interferes with both sleep quality and quantity, particularly as smartphones become more widely available to teens. This review paper has three objectives. First, we will describe adolescent sleep patterns and the effects of sleep deprivation on adolescent physical and mental health. Second, we will describe current trends in technology use among adolescents, making associations to how technology impacts sleep. Lastly, we will discuss some of the methodological barriers of conducting sleep and technology research with adolescents and young adults and offer suggestions for overcoming those barriers. We will also discuss implications for healthcare providers.
authors.affiliation: College of Human Science and Services, Human Development and Family Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Sue K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: College of Human Science and Services, Human Development and Family Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: College of Human Science and Services, Human Development and Family Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Desireé N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Williford
keywords: Adolescent; cellular phone; methodology; mobile; sleep; technology
references.citation: J Adolesc. 2009 Aug;32(4):863-73
references.pmid: 19027941
references.citation: Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2013 Jan;16(1):25-30
references.pmid: 23320870
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2008 Jan 9;582(1):142-51
references.pmid: 17707819
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Apr;162(4):350-8
references.pmid: 18391144
references.citation: Sleep. 1998 Dec 15;21(8):871-81
references.pmid: 9871949
references.citation: Sleep Med. 2010 Sep;11(8):735-42
references.pmid: 20673649
references.citation: Semin Neurol. 2009 Sep;29(4):320-39
references.pmid: 19742409
references.citation: Appl Ergon. 2013 Mar;44(2):237-40
references.pmid: 22850476
references.citation: Paediatr Respir Rev. 2008 Jun;9(2):114-20; quiz 120-1
references.pmid: 18513671
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;57(10):649-55
references.pmid: 10984335
references.citation: Sleep. 2007 Sep;30(9):1220-3
references.pmid: 17910394
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1021:276-91
references.pmid: 15251897
references.citation: Pediatrician. 1990;17(1):5-12
references.pmid: 2315238
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 May;110(5):1432-8
references.pmid: 21415172
references.citation: Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Oct;10(5):323-37
references.pmid: 16564189
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 1995 Dec;27(6):769-75
references.pmid: 8749280
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2007 Feb;119 Suppl 1:S29-37
references.pmid: 17272582
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2002 Dec;31(6 Suppl):175-84
references.pmid: 12470913
references.citation: FASEB J. 1996 Apr;10(5):643-53
references.pmid: 8621064
references.citation: Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):208-12
references.pmid: 12683481
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Feb;46(2):124-32
references.pmid: 20113918
references.citation: Open Respir Med J. 2011;5:31-43
references.pmid: 21754974
references.citation: Child Dev. 1998 Aug;69(4):875-87
references.pmid: 9768476
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Mar;16(3):643-53
references.pmid: 18239586
references.citation: Sleep. 2011 Aug 01;34(8):1013-20
references.pmid: 21804663