title: Demonstration of feasibility of X-ray free electron laser studies of dynamics of nanoparticles in entangled polymer melts.
abstract: The recent advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) opens new areas of science due to their exceptional brightness, coherence, and time structure. In principle, such sources enable studies of dynamics of condensed matter systems over times ranging from femtoseconds to seconds. However, the studies of "slow" dynamics in polymeric materials still remain in question due to the characteristics of the XFEL beam and concerns about sample damage. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the relaxation dynamics of gold nanoparticles suspended in polymer melts using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), while also monitoring eventual X-ray induced damage. In spite of inherently large pulse-to-pulse intensity and position variations of the XFEL beam, measurements can be realized at slow time scales. The X-ray induced damage and heating are less than initially expected for soft matter materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
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authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carnis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Wonsuk
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wingert
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinback
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
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authors.affiliation: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Sanghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Marcin
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authors.affiliation: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: 1] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraβe 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [3] Department of Physik, University of Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutt
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: San-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Yeling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Yicong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL 60115, USA.
authors.forename: Laurence B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lurio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shpyrko
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Irem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kosif
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emrick
authors.affiliation: Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraβe 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grübel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
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