title: A systematic study of topographical memory and posterior cerebral artery infarctions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of topographical memory impairment following posterior cerebral artery infarctions (PCAI) and define its anatomical correlations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 15 patients (mean duration of 4 months postinfarct). We administered 2 sets of experimental tests to assess topographical memory: one set included 5 computerized tasks (CompT) and the other set consisted of one ecological topographical orientation test (EcolT) that included 4 tasks (i.e., map drawing, picture recognition and ordering, backward path). Fifteen healthy participants served as controls. Patients and controls underwent a volumetric T1 MRI brain scan. Brain lesions in patients were segmented, normalized, and correlated with performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topographical memory impairments were evidenced in patients with PCAI using both group and individual analyses (50%), with more severe outcomes in patients with PCAI in the right hemisphere. CompT and EcolT were highly correlated, but the ecological test was more sensitive in revealing topographical memory impairments. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping demonstrated that 2 regions located in the cuneus and the calcarine sulcus correlated significantly with behavioral performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topographical memory disorders following PCAI are reported in 50% of the patient population. Our results demonstrate the importance of developing and using dedicated batteries of topographical memory tests, in particular real-life tests, to identify such deficits.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. busigny@cerco.ups-tlse.fr.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Busigny
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Bérengère
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pagès
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Barbeau
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bled
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montaut
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Albucher
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chollet
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Psychology (T.B.), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Université de Toulouse UPS & Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS) (T.B., E.J.B., C.B.), Cerco, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Service de Neurologie et Pôle Neurosciences (B.P., C.B., E.M., N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), CHU de Toulouse, France; Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Université de Toulouse UPS, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, France; and Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques (N.R., J.-F.A., F.C., J.P.), Inserm, UMR 825, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pariente
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D020762:Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008377:Maps as Topic; D018782:Maze Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D015995:Prevalence