title: Anti-thrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and intracranial hemorrhage.
abstract: Patients with atrial fibrillation have an increased risk of ischemic stroke that can be dramatically lowered by treatment with anticoagulants. The annual rate of major bleeds with warfarin averages about 2%. The rates of intracerebral and intracranial bleeds are significantly reduced with the use of the novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with warfarin. Treatment of anticoagulation-related intracerebral hemorrhage is based on the results of case series and small trials. Resumption of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation who had an intracerebral bleed depends on the etiology and location of the bleeding and the absolute rate of stroke in the absence of anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Azmil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul-Rahim
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Kristina Dupont
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.forename: Ameet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhai
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veltkamp
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Worthmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
keywords: atrial fibrillation; cerebral hemorrhage; direct oral anticoagulants; intracranial hemorrhage; meta-analysis; randomized trial; stroke; warfarin