title: Global assessment of select phytonutrient intakes by level of fruit and vegetable consumption.
abstract: Despite dietary recommendations that have repeatedly underscored the importance of increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, intakes worldwide are lower than recommended levels. Consequently, the diets of many individuals may be lacking in nutrients and phytonutrients typical of a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we estimated phytonutrient intakes by adults categorised by sex, level of fruit and vegetable consumption (< 5 v. ≥ 5 servings/d), and geographic diet cluster. Intakes of nine select phytonutrients were estimated from the 2002-4 World Health Survey fruit and vegetable servings intake data (n 198,637), the FAO supply utilisation accounts data, and phytonutrient concentration data obtained from the US Department of Agriculture databases and the published literature. Percentage contributions to each phytonutrient intake from fruit and vegetable sources were also estimated. Estimated intakes of phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables varied across the thirteen geographic diet clusters, reflecting regional differences in both numbers and proportions of fruit and vegetable servings consumed, and the specific types of fruits and vegetables available in the diet. The mean phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables were approximately 2- to 6-fold the mean phytonutrient intakes by adults with low fruit and vegetable consumption (< 5 servings/d). In some cases, phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables in one geographic diet cluster were lower than the intakes by adults reporting < 5 servings/d in another cluster. The findings from this assessment provide important information regarding the major dietary patterns of phytonutrient intakes across geographic diet clusters.
authors.affiliation: Exponent, Inc.,1150 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Suite 1100,Washington,DC20036,USA.
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Exponent, Inc.,1150 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Suite 1100,Washington,DC20036,USA.
authors.forename: Leila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barraj
authors.affiliation: Exponent, Inc.,1150 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Suite 1100,Washington,DC20036,USA.
authors.forename: Judith H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Spungen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences,California State University,Northridge,CA91330,USA.
authors.forename: Dena R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Nutrilite Health Institute,Buena Park,CA90621,USA.
authors.forename: R Keith
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Randolph
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D014943:Global Health; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014480:United Nations; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D064209:Phytochemicals
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(2):227-34
references.pmid: 18444155
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;66(10):1082-92
references.pmid: 22854878
references.citation: Semin Ophthalmol. 2011 May;26(3):131-6
references.pmid: 21609225
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 2009 May;36(5):402-409.e5
references.pmid: 19362694
references.citation: Semin Neurol. 2006 Feb;26(1):11-23
references.pmid: 16479440
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Oct 6;52(20):6178-87
references.pmid: 15453684
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;93(2):338-47
references.pmid: 21106916
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Mar;110(3):390-8
references.pmid: 20184989
references.citation: Adv Nutr. 2013 May 01;4(3):384S-92S
references.pmid: 23674808
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2010 Mar;103(5):730-4
references.pmid: 20028599
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2013 Apr 28;109(8):1498-507
references.pmid: 22980437
references.citation: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011 Feb;62(1):17-9
references.pmid: 20858155
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Oct;102(10):1414-20
references.pmid: 12396158
references.citation: Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 May;91(5):380-5
references.pmid: 23656499
references.citation: J Chromatogr A. 2000 Sep 1;891(1):183-8
references.pmid: 10999637
references.citation: Food Chem. 2011 Sep 15;128(2):549-54
references.pmid: 25212168
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Apr 13;169(7):659-69
references.pmid: 19364995
references.citation: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Feb;112(2):222-9
references.pmid: 22741166
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2007 Sep;21(9):717-28
references.pmid: 17443205
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Feb;52:180-7
references.pmid: 23182740
references.citation: World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2003;916:i-viii, 1-149, backcover
references.pmid: 12768890
references.citation: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Sep;113(9):1194-9
references.pmid: 23830325
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;61(6):701-10
references.pmid: 17180154
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Feb 25;57(4):1204-12
references.pmid: 19143537
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Nov 3;96(21):1577-84
references.pmid: 15523086
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2009 Nov;12(11):2192-8
references.pmid: 19454123
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(8):1120-7
references.pmid: 21058200
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Sep 25;50(20):5691-6
references.pmid: 12236700
references.citation: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Jun;113(6):786-94
references.pmid: 23522824
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jan;93(1):73-80
references.pmid: 21068346
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2008;60 Suppl 1:36-42
references.pmid: 19003579
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;78(3 Suppl):544S-551S
references.pmid: 12936948
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 Jan 28;367(9507):320-6
references.pmid: 16443039
references.citation: J Nutr. 2013 Nov;143(11):1753-9
references.pmid: 24005611
references.citation: J Nutr. 2004 May;134(5):1175-80
references.pmid: 15113966
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 1999 Sep;57(9 Pt 2):S3-6
references.pmid: 10568344
references.citation: Adv Clin Exp Med. 2012 May-Jun;21(3):353-62
references.pmid: 23214199
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2011 Oct;106(7):1090-9
references.pmid: 21481290
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Jul;140(7):1274-9
references.pmid: 20463143
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2007 Jul;98(1):187-93
references.pmid: 17367574
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Jun;47(6):1161-7
references.pmid: 19425188
references.citation: Food Chem. 2012 Jun 1;132(3):1495-1501
references.pmid: 29243641
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2013 Aug 28;110(3):545-51
references.pmid: 23317928
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2006 Dec;9(8):1045-54
references.pmid: 17125569
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Feb 21;55(4):1612-9
references.pmid: 17261015
references.citation: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2014 Sep;23(5):477-80
references.pmid: 24366437