title: Relationship between respiratory tract complaints, functional status, and smoking in hairdressers, auto painters, and carpenters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was observed that occupation and smoking increased each other's effects on the development of airway diseases. We aimed to search the relationship between respiratory symptoms, smoking, and occupation.
  
  
  METHODS
  225 employees in Düzce, Turkey, were applied a survey questioning respiratory complaints, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and cotinine measurements in urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cough (26.7%), phlegm (30.7%), and chest tightness (21.3%) were encountered more in carpenters compared to other groups and phlegm was statistically higher at significant level compared to other groups. The complaints of cough (30.4%), phlegm (27.4%), and chest tightness (21.5%) were significantly higher in individuals whose cotinine level was above 500 ng/mL and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMFR) values were significantly lower. Dyspnea complaint of auto painters whose cotinine level was below 500 ng/mL was significantly higher and also expected MMFR% value of this group was significantly lower compared to other groups. While age had independent effect on respiratory function tests, type of the job was found to be independently effective on MMFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking increases respiratory complaints of employees. In auto painters, the occupation causes airway disease regardless of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Dumlupınar University School of Medicine, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ümran
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Toru
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Duzce University School of Medicine, 81000 Düzce, Turkey.
authors.forename: Peri Meram
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arbak
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kezban Özmen
authors.initials: KÖ
authors.lastname: Süner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Balıkesir University School of Medicine, 10145 Balıkesir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Antakya State Hospital, 3100 Antakya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Naciye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karataş
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
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