title: TDS exposure project: relevance of the total diet study approach for different groups of substances.
abstract: A method to validate the relevance of the Total Diet Study (TDS) approach for different types of substances is described. As a first step, a list of >2800 chemicals classified into eight main groups of relevance for food safety (natural components, environmental contaminants, substances intentionally added to foods, residues, naturally occurring contaminants, process contaminants, contaminants from packaging and food contact materials, other substances) has been established. The appropriateness of the TDS approach for the different substance groups has then been considered with regard to the three essential principles of a TDS: representativeness of the whole diet, pooling of foods and food analyzed as consumed. Four criteria were considered for that purpose (i) the substance has to be present in a significant part of the diet or predominantly present in specific food groups, (ii) a robust analytical method has to be available to determine it in potential contributors to the dietary exposure of the population, and (iii) the dilution impact of pooling and (iv) the impact of everyday food preparation methods on the concentration of the substance are assessed. For most of the substances the TDS approach appeared to be relevant and any precautions to be taken are outlined.
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vin
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.cubadda@iss.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cubadda
authors.affiliation: Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aureli
authors.affiliation: TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice Imge
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Oktay Basegmez
authors.affiliation: Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.affiliation: Universiteit Gent - Ghent University, Department of Public Health, UZ 2 Block A, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Coster
authors.affiliation: CRA-NUT, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Evoli
authors.affiliation: Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, C/Alcalá, 56 28071 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: López Esteban
authors.affiliation: Hrvatska agencija za hranu - Croatian Food Agency, Ivana Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jurkovic
authors.affiliation: CRA-NUT, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucarini
authors.affiliation: TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayrettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.affiliation: Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, C/Alcalá, 56 28071 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro Mario
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fernández San Juan
authors.affiliation: Universiteit Gent - Ghent University, Department of Public Health, UZ 2 Block A, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sioen
authors.affiliation: Hrvatska agencija za hranu - Croatian Food Agency, Ivana Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Darja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sokolic
authors.affiliation: CRA-NUT, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turrini
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sirot
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Chemical substances; Contaminants; Dietary intake; Exposure assessment; Population exposure; Total Diet Study