title: Gangliosides are ligands for human noroviruses.
abstract: Human noroviruses (NoVs) are known to recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment factors. We report the first experimental evidence that sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) are also ligands for human NoVs. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-based carbohydrate binding measurements performed on assemblies (P dimer, P particle, and virus-like particle) of recombinant viral capsid proteins of two NoV strains, VA387 (GII.4) and VA115 (GI.3), identified binding to the oligosaccharides of mono-, di-, and trisialylated gangliosides. The intrinsic (per binding site) affinities measured for these ligands are similar in magnitude (10(2)-10(3) M(-1)) to those of human HBGAs. Binding of NoV VLPs, P particles, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-P domain fusion proteins to sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, provided additional confirmation of the NoV-ganglioside interactions.
authors.affiliation: Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kitova
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Klassen
mesh_terms: D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D029322:Norovirus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D005732:Gangliosides; D008024:Ligands; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
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