title: Ellagitannins as synergists of ACV on the replication of ACV-resistant strains of HSV 1 and 2.
abstract: The plant-derived polyphenolic compounds castalagin, vescalagin and grandinin (C-glucosidic ellagitannins containing nonahydroxyterphenoyl) manifested a strong inhibitory effect on the replication of acyclovir-resistant strains of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) type 1 and 2 in MDBK cells in focus forming units (i.e., microscopically registered microplaques) reduction assay and in two variants of cytopathic effect inhibition test. The effect on the acyclovir (ACV)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain was markedly higher compared to that on the ACV-resistant herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The three compounds showed comparable levels of antiviral activity against ACV-resistant HSV strains, in contrast with previous results where castalagin exerted the highest degree of activity against wild type HSV strains (Vilhelmova et al., 2011). Combinations of ellagitannins and ACV were tested on the ACV-resistant strains of both HSV-1 and 2 and produced synergistic effects that were revealed by applying the three-dimensional approach of Prichard and Shipman (1990). The ellagitannin(s)-ACV combination applied against ACV-resistant HSV-1 produced a much stronger synergistic effect compared to the effect observed against ACV-resistant HSV-2. The study of the effects of the combination ellagitannin(s)-ACF on intact cell monolayers did not show any toxicity resulting from interaction between the two substances. Altogether, the results obtained in this study demonstrate the highly promising potential of these plant polyphenols as antiherpetic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vilhelmova-Ilieva
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quideau
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: galabov@microbio.bas.bg.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Galabov
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000254:growth & development*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000254:growth & development*; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; C479598:grandinin; C084709:vescalagin; D000212:Acyclovir
keywords: ACV; ACV resistant strains; Antiviral; Ellagitannins; HSV-1; HSV-2