title: A Text Message Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention: The Initial Trial of TXT-2-Quit: Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mobile technology offers the potential to deliver health-related interventions to individuals who would not otherwise present for in-person treatment. Text messaging (short message service, SMS), being the most ubiquitous form of mobile communication, is a promising method for reaching the most individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention program delivered through text messaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult participants (N=60, age range 18-52 years) took part in a single individual smoking cessation counseling session, and were then randomly assigned to receive either daily non-smoking related text messages (control condition) or the TXT-2-Quit (TXT) intervention. TXT consisted of automated smoking cessation messages tailored to individual's stage of smoking cessation, specialized messages provided on-demand based on user requests for additional support, and a peer-to-peer social support network. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to assess the primary outcome (7-day point-prevalence abstinence) using a 2 (treatment groups)×3 (time points) repeated measures design across three time points: 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking cessation results showed an overall significant group difference in 7-day point prevalence abstinence across all follow-up time points. Individuals given the TXT intervention, with higher odds of 7-day point prevalence abstinence for the TXT group compared to the Mojo group (OR=4.52, 95% CI=1.24, 16.53). However, individual comparisons at each time point did not show significant between-group differences, likely due to reduced statistical power. Intervention feasibility was greatly improved by switching from traditional face-to-face recruitment methods (4.7% yield) to an online/remote strategy (41.7% yield).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this study was designed to develop and provide initial testing of the TXT-2-Quit system, these initial findings provide promising evidence that a text-based intervention can be successfully implemented with a diverse group of adult smokers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01166464; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01166464 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6IOE8XdE0).
authors.affiliation: Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Providence, RI, United States. Bbock@lifespan.org.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heron
authors.forename: Ernestine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foster
keywords: health communications; mHealth; mobile health; smoking cessation; texting, text messaging; tobacco
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