title: Heterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy after ovulation induction.
abstract: Ectopic pregnancy is identified with the widely-applied assisted reproductive technology (ART). Bilateral ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy which is difficult to be diagnosed at the pre-operation stage. In this paper, we presented an unusual case of heterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy after stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI), where there has been a delay of 22 d between the diagnoses of the two ectopic pregnancies. Literature was reviewed on the occurrence of bilateral ectopic pregnancy during the past four years in the MEDLINE database. We found 16 cases of bilateral ectopic pregnancy reported since 2008, and analyzed the characteristics of those cases of bilateral ectopic pregnancy. We emphasize that ovulation induction and other ARTs may increase the risk of bilateral ectopic pregnancy. Because of the difficulty in identification of bilateral ectopic pregnancy by ultrasonography, the clinician should be aware that the treatment of one ectopic pregnancy does not preclude the occurrence of a second ectopic pregnancy in the same patient and should pay attention to the intra-operation inspection of both side fallopian tubes in any ectopic pregnancy case.
authors.affiliation: Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Gu-feng
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yi-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Wei-miao
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yi-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hui-juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin
keywords: Assisted reproductive technology; Heterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy; Intrauterine insemination; Ovulation induction
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