title: Bone marrow derived stem cells for the treatment of end-stage liver disease.
abstract: End-stage disease due to liver cirrhosis is an important cause of death worldwide. Cirrhosis results from progressive, extensive fibrosis and impaired hepatocyte regeneration. The only curative treatment is liver transplantation, but due to the several limitations of this procedure, the interest in alternative therapeutic strategies is increasing. In particular, the potential of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) therapy in cirrhosis has been explored in different trials. In this article, we evaluate the results of 18 prospective clinical trials, and we provide a descriptive overview of recent advances in the research on hepatic regenerative medicine. The main message from the currently available data in the literature is that BMSC therapy is extremely promising in the context of liver cirrhosis. However, its application should be further explored in randomized, controlled trials with large cohorts and long follow-ups.
authors.affiliation: Cristina Margini, Ranka Vukotic, Lucia Brodosi, Mauro Bernardi, Pietro Andreone, Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Semeiotica Medica, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Margini
authors.affiliation: Cristina Margini, Ranka Vukotic, Lucia Brodosi, Mauro Bernardi, Pietro Andreone, Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Semeiotica Medica, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ranka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vukotic
authors.affiliation: Cristina Margini, Ranka Vukotic, Lucia Brodosi, Mauro Bernardi, Pietro Andreone, Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Semeiotica Medica, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brodosi
authors.affiliation: Cristina Margini, Ranka Vukotic, Lucia Brodosi, Mauro Bernardi, Pietro Andreone, Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Semeiotica Medica, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Cristina Margini, Ranka Vukotic, Lucia Brodosi, Mauro Bernardi, Pietro Andreone, Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Semeiotica Medica, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D018450:Disease Progression; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: End stage liver disease; Hematopoietic stem cells; Liver cirrhosis; Liver regeneration; Mesenchymal stem cells
references.citation: Hepatology. 2008 Nov;48(5):1598-607
references.pmid: 18972441
references.citation: Liver Int. 2011 Mar;31(3):391-400
references.pmid: 21281433
references.citation: Hepatology. 2006 Feb;43(2 Suppl 1):S45-53
references.pmid: 16447274
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr;25(2):281-90
references.pmid: 21497745
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2006 Jul;45(1):13-9
references.pmid: 16635534
references.citation: Liver Int. 2013 Nov;33(10):1490-6
references.pmid: 23763455
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Apr 24;422(6934):897-901
references.pmid: 12665832
references.citation: Lancet. 2008 Mar 8;371(9615):838-51
references.pmid: 18328931
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Feb 13;353(9152):555
references.pmid: 10028986
references.citation: J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2005;12(3):196-202
references.pmid: 15995807
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2008 Mar;134(3):833-48
references.pmid: 18243183
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2013 May;123(5):1874-80
references.pmid: 23635785
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2012 Mar;142(3):505-512.e1
references.pmid: 22119930
references.citation: Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Aug;4(4):459-72
references.pmid: 20678019
references.citation: Gut. 2010 Feb;59(2):247-57
references.pmid: 19880964
references.citation: Haematologica. 2003 Jul;88(7):794-800
references.pmid: 12857559
references.citation: Cell Prolif. 2008 Feb;41 Suppl 1:115-25
references.pmid: 18181952
references.citation: Hepatology. 2004 Dec;40(6):1304-11
references.pmid: 15565662
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug 7;14(29):4593-9
references.pmid: 18698672
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Oct;21(10):1199-205
references.pmid: 19455046
references.citation: Science. 1999 May 14;284(5417):1168-70
references.pmid: 10325227
references.citation: FASEB J. 2002 Jul;16(9):935-42
references.pmid: 12087054
references.citation: Clin Liver Dis. 2008 Nov;12(4):733-46, vii
references.pmid: 18984463
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov 14;16(42):5297-305
references.pmid: 21072892
references.citation: Hepatology. 2004 Jun;39(6):1477-87
references.pmid: 15185286
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Feb 21;13(7):1067-73
references.pmid: 17373741
references.citation: Stem Cells Int. 2010 Sep 01;2010:259461
references.pmid: 21048845
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2001 Feb;34(2):239-47
references.pmid: 11281552
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug;103(8):1952-8
references.pmid: 18637092
references.citation: Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2007 Jan;2(1):83-8
references.pmid: 18220893
references.citation: Hepatology. 2009 May;49(5):1655-63
references.pmid: 19309719
references.citation: Liver Int. 2014 Jan;34(1):33-41
references.pmid: 23782511
references.citation: Chem Biol Interact. 2011 Sep 30;193(3):225-31
references.pmid: 21803030
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2013 Jan;19(1):3-26
references.pmid: 23281277
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2006 Jan;44(1):217-31
references.pmid: 16298014
references.citation: Hepatology. 2008 Jun;47(6):1994-2002
references.pmid: 18454509
references.citation: Hepatology. 2012 Oct;56(4):1457-67
references.pmid: 22419534
references.citation: Stem Cells. 1998;16(6):387-96
references.pmid: 9831864
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2005 Feb;115(2):209-18
references.pmid: 15690074
references.citation: Clin Transplant. 2013 Jul-Aug;27(4):607-12
references.pmid: 23923970
references.citation: Cell Transplant. 2010;19(10):1237-46
references.pmid: 20525430
references.citation: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2002 Dec;13(6):389-96
references.pmid: 12468238
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2012 Sep;57(3):556-63
references.pmid: 22617153
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2006 Oct;24(10):2292-8
references.pmid: 16778155
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jun 28;13(24):3359-63
references.pmid: 17659676
references.citation: Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):1017-26
references.pmid: 20198634
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2012 Apr;56(4):965-72
references.pmid: 22173163
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jul 20;406(6793):257
references.pmid: 10917519
references.citation: Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013 Feb;15(2):308
references.pmid: 23314828
references.citation: Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2012 Sep;8(3):972-81
references.pmid: 21989829
references.citation: Cytotherapy. 2013 Dec;15(12):1571-9
references.pmid: 23849977
references.citation: Hepatology. 2002 Apr;35(4):799-804
references.pmid: 11915025
references.citation: Hepatology. 2007 Jul;46(1):219-28
references.pmid: 17596885
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Jun;6(6):532-9
references.pmid: 15133469
references.citation: Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2013 Sep;1(3):209-214
references.pmid: 24000319
references.citation: Arch Iran Med. 2011 Jan;14(1):12-7
references.pmid: 21194255
references.citation: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2012 Dec 03;3(6):49
references.pmid: 23206927
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2012 Dec;143(6):1555-1563.e2
references.pmid: 22902870
references.citation: Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Oct;55(10):2805-13
references.pmid: 20130994
references.citation: Cell Div. 2013 Jun 20;8(1):8
references.pmid: 23786799
references.citation: J Biochem. 2003 Oct;134(4):551-8
references.pmid: 14607982
references.citation: Cell Transplant. 2012;21(11):2363-75
references.pmid: 22507241
references.citation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 May;27(10):932-9
references.pmid: 18315586
references.citation: J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(5):315-21
references.pmid: 18592147
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Mar;73(3):337-44
references.pmid: 1545966
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2013 Mar;58(3):593-608
references.pmid: 23419824
references.citation: Hepatology. 2011 Sep 2;54(3):820-8
references.pmid: 21608000
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan;22(1):33-42
references.pmid: 19654548
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Apr 24;422(6934):901-4
references.pmid: 12665833
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2012 May;142(6):1373-1383.e1
references.pmid: 22537446