title: Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: formulation and delivery strategies.
abstract: The formulation and delivery of biopharmaceutical drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, poses substantial challenges owing to their large size and susceptibility to degradation. In this Review we highlight recent advances in formulation and delivery strategies--such as the use of microsphere-based controlled-release technologies, protein modification methods that make use of polyethylene glycol and other polymers, and genetic manipulation of biopharmaceutical drugs--and discuss their advantages and limitations. We also highlight current and emerging delivery routes that provide an alternative to injection, including transdermal, oral and pulmonary delivery routes. In addition, the potential of targeted and intracellular protein delivery is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 92106, USA.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitragotri
authors.affiliation: Burke Bioventures LLC, 277 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001702:Biopharmaceutics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans
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