title: Association of pulse pressure with serum TNF-α and neutrophil count in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated pulse pressure (PP) has been reported to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in elderly patients with hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional relationships of PP with known risk factors for type 2 diabetes and inflammatory markers were examined in 150 elderly community-dwelling women, 79 women (52.7%) of whom had hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure (standardized β, 0.775), log tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, standardized β, 0.110), age (standardized β, 0.140), and neutrophil count (standardized β, 0.114) emerged as determinants of PP independent of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, monocyte count, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HDL-cholesterol, and adiponectin (R(2) = 0.772).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present studies have demonstrated an independent association of higher PP with higher TNF-α, a marker of insulin resistance, and neutrophil count in community-living elderly women and suggest that insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation may in part be responsible for the association between high PP and incident type 2 diabetes found in elderly patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Diabetes Center, Myodani Hospital, 2350-2 Aza Nashihara, Myodani-cho, Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 655-0852, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8855-9268
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazumi
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan ; Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar;97(3):1032-40
references.pmid: 22238388
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):860-7
references.pmid: 17167474
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Apr 29;107(16):2089-95
references.pmid: 12695300
references.citation: Circulation. 1997 Jul 1;96(1):308-15
references.pmid: 9236450
references.citation: Hypertension. 2002 Feb;39(2):197-202
references.pmid: 11847183
references.citation: Diabet Med. 2013 Aug;30(8):926-33
references.pmid: 23510198
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May;90(5):2823-7
references.pmid: 15728211
references.citation: Hypertension. 2001 Sep;38(3):399-403
references.pmid: 11566912
references.citation: Hypertension. 1997 Dec;30(6):1410-5
references.pmid: 9403561
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2005 Apr;19(4):293-9
references.pmid: 15674405
references.citation: Hypertension. 2001 Oct;38(4):914-21
references.pmid: 11641309
references.citation: Hypertension. 2000 Nov;36(5):878-84
references.pmid: 11082160
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Oct 18;5(10):e13405
references.pmid: 20976133
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 May 15;28(10):1456-62
references.pmid: 10927169
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Aug;40(2):221-6
references.pmid: 12148093
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2005 May;180(1):189-95
references.pmid: 15823292
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Mar 6;103(9):1245-9
references.pmid: 11238268
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):813-23
references.pmid: 14988310
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Oct 5;122(14):1379-86
references.pmid: 20855656
references.citation: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Dec;4 Suppl 1:S56-63
references.pmid: 19996007
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Jun;53(6):982-92
references.pmid: 19339088
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 May;24(5):969-74
references.pmid: 15001456
references.citation: Diabetologia. 1985 Jul;28(7):412-9
references.pmid: 3899825
references.citation: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012;19(7):633-42
references.pmid: 22504289
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2006 Feb 13;166(3):350-6
references.pmid: 16476877
references.citation: Am J Hypertens. 2011 May;24(5):591-8
references.pmid: 21331053
references.citation: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20(6):568-74
references.pmid: 23574756
references.citation: Eur J Endocrinol. 2005 Nov;153(5):687-91
references.pmid: 16260427
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):1122-7
references.pmid: 20185746
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2011 Jun;54(6):1335-40
references.pmid: 21380596
references.citation: Circulation. 1999 Jul 27;100(4):354-60
references.pmid: 10421594