title: Superovulation does not affect the endocrine activity nor increase susceptibility to carcinogenesis of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the dual effects of superovulation on the endocrine activity and susceptibility to carcinogenesis of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring in mice
  
  
  METHODS
  The mice were superovaluted. The relative uterine weight, ERα protein expression, and endocrine activity of female offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) were measured. Furthermore, proliferative lesion of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) was assessed by histopathologic examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in relative uterine weight, ERα protein expression, incidence of proliferative lesion in mammary glands, and incidence of atypical hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and squamous metaplasia in uterine among the offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) in each group. Likewise, there were no significant intergroup differences in the serum levels of sex related hormones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant alterations were found in the endocrine activity and susceptibility to carcinogenesis of uterine and mammary glands of female offspring in mice produced by superovaluted oocytes compared with those of naturally conceived offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated hospital of Shandong Tranditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Zong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xi-Lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jun-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013480:Superovulation; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha
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