title: Applications of Brain-Machine Interface Systems in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation.
abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of disability, significantly impacting the quality of life (QOL) in survivors, and rehabilitation remains the mainstay of treatment in these patients. Recent engineering and technological advances such as brain-machine interfaces (BMI) and robotic rehabilitative devices are promising to enhance stroke neu-rorehabilitation, to accelerate functional recovery and improve QOL. This review discusses the recent applications of BMI and robotic-assisted rehabilitation in stroke patients. We present the framework for integrated BMI and robotic-assisted therapies, and discuss their potential therapeutic, assistive and diagnostic functions in stroke rehabilitation. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the potential challenges and future directions of these neurotechnologies, and their impact on clinical rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Non-invasive Brain-Machine Interface Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anusha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkatakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Gerard E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Non-invasive Brain-Machine Interface Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Contreras-Vidal
keywords: Brain–machine interfaces; Clinical trials; Functional recovery; Neuroplasticity; Neurorehabilitation; Robotic exoskeletons; Robotic-assisted rehabilitation; Stroke
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