title: Clinical characteristics of cardioembolic transient ischemic attack: comparison with noncardioembolic transient ischemic attack.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies show that 6%-31% of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) were caused by cardiogenic cerebral embolism (cardioembolic TIA). As prompt initiation of therapy is essential in TIA to prevent subsequent strokes, determining their cause is important. In this study, we aim to determine the features of cardioembolic TIA and to compare them with those of noncardioembolic etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed patients with a tissue-defined TIA who were admitted to our hospital from April 2007 to August 2013. The etiology was categorized according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, and TIA of cardioembolic origin and cervicocerebrovascular etiology (noncardioembolic TIA) were included in this study. Those with 2 or more possible causes or undetermined etiologies were excluded. Age, sex, comorbidities, ABCD2 score, and CHADS2 score were assessed and compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the neurologic symptoms and their duration, morbidities of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia between the 2 groups. Coronary and peripheral artery diseases were more common in the cardioembolic TIA group (18.4% vs. 6.9%). Incidences of prior stroke and cerebral infarction determined by MRI were similar between the 2 groups. The ABCD2 score showed a similar distribution, but the CHADS2 score was significantly different; the cardioembolic TIA group showed a higher score (P = .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical features are similar in tissue-defined TIA of cardioembolic and noncardioembolic etiologies. The CHADS2 score can be useful in assessing the probability of cardioembolic TIA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan. Electronic address: thayashi@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohsuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanahashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardioembolism; clinical score; etiology; transient ischemic attack