title: Efficacy of a hypotonic treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer cells: an in vivo evaluation.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a hypotonic treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer cells using an in vivo model. We firstly evaluated the toxicity of a peritoneal injection of distilled water (DW) (2 mL for 3 days) in mice. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed that the peritoneal injection of DW did not severely damage the abdominal organs of these mice. MKN45 gastric cancer cells preincubated with NaCl buffer or DW for 20 minutes in vitro were then intraperitoneally injected into nude mice, and the development of dissemination nodules was analyzed. The total number, weight, and volume of the dissemination nodules were significantly decreased by the DW preincubation. We then determined whether the peritoneal injection of DW inhibited the establishment of peritoneal dissemination. After a peritoneal injection of MKN45 cells into nude mice, NaCl buffer or DW was injected into the abdominal cavity for 3 days. The total volume of dissemination nodules was significantly lower in DW-injected mice than in NaCl-injected mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated the safeness of a peritoneal injection of DW. Furthermore, the development of dissemination nodules from gastric cancer cells was prevented by a preincubation with or peritoneal injection of DW.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3739-160X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3610-0663
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nako
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1657-7272
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosuga
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan ; Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3846-0937
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marunaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Eigo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otsuji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride
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