title: Eugenia calycina Cambess extracts and their fractions: Their antimicrobial activity and the identification of major polar compounds using electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry.
abstract: Eugenia calycina, which is described as "red pitanga or pitanga cherry of cerrado," is widely distributed in the Cerrado area of Brazil. Its leaf and bark extracts are used in folk medicine for many applications. In this study, the compositions of the major polar compounds of the bark and leaf extracts and their fractions were obtained from a liquid-liquid extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water. They were then evaluated using electrospray ionization negative FT-ICR mass spectrometry (ESI(-) FT-ICR MS), which revealed a large number of oxygen-containing compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenes, tanins, steroids, and fat acids. The biological activity of these extracts towards several bacterial and fungal strains was then evaluated. The highest activity was found using aqueous fractions, in which the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS analysis revealed compounds with a high content of oxygen (e.g., glycosed flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenolic compounds) against Cryptococcus sp. D (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]=15.62μg/mL). Strong activity was also found using the hexanic fractions-in which the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS analysis revealed that the compounds contained a decreased amount of oxygen (e.g., fat acids and steroids)-towards Cryptococcus gatti L48, Cryptococcus neoformans L3 (MIC=31.2μg/mL), and Cryptococcus sp. D (MIC=62.5μg/mL). Therefore, antimicrobial assays using the bark/leaf extracts of E. calycina present prospects for the research of active substances that may be used for the treatment of cryptococcosis, a disease that is common in immunosuppressed patients.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001 970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda P S
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74001 970, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Campus Flamboyant, Goiânia, Goiás 74845 090, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, Goiânia, Goiás 74605 220, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria T F
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bara
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, Goiânia, Goiás 74605 220, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edemilson C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, Goiânia, Goiás 74605 220, Brazil. Electronic address: jose_realino@ufg.br.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, CP 131, Goiânia, Goiás 74001 970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thays C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, CP 131, Goiânia, Goiás 74001 970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Boniek G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075 910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helber B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075 910 Vitória, ES, Brazil; Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, Soteco, Vila Velha, ES 29106 010, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanderson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Romão
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás 74001 970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rezende
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001938:Brazil; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; ESI; Eugenia calycina; FT-ICR MS; Myrtaceae, Medicinal plants