title: White matter tractography in early psychosis: clinical and neurocognitive associations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While many diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigations have noted disruptions to white matter integrity in individuals with chronic psychotic disorders, fewer studies have been conducted in young people at the early stages of disease onset. Using whole tract reconstruction techniques, the aim of this study was to identify the white matter pathology associated with the common clinical symptoms and executive function impairments observed in young people with psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained MRI scans from young people with psychosis and healthy controls. Eighteen major white matter tracts were reconstructed to determine group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) and then were subsequently correlated with symptomatology and neurocognitive performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study included 42 young people with psychosis (mean age 23 yr) and 45 healthy controls (mean age 25 yr). Compared with the control group, the psychosis group had reduced FA and AD in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and forceps major indicative of axonal disorganization, reduction and/or loss. These changes were associated with worse overall psychiatric symptom severity, increases in positive and negative symptoms, and worse current levels of depression. The psychosis group also showed FA reductions in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus that were associated with impaired neurocognitive performance in attention and semantic fluency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis grouped 4 subcategories of psychosis together, and a larger follow-up study comparing affective and nonaffective psychoses is warranted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that impaired axonal coherence in the left ILF and forceps major underpin psychiatric symptoms in young people in the early stages of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Sean N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagopoulos
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hermens
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Hickie
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Maxwell R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D057566:Self Report; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
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