title: Quantitation of Maillard reaction products in commercially available pet foods.
abstract: During processing of pet food, the Maillard reaction occurs, which reduces the bioavailability of essential amino acids such as lysine and results in the formation of advanced Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The aim of this study was to quantitate MRPs (fructoselysine (FL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and the cross-link lysinoalanine (LAL) in commercial pet foods. Sixty-seven extruded, canned, and pelleted dog and cat foods for growth and maintenance were analyzed using UPLC-MS. Canned pet foods contained on average the most FL, CML, and HMF (4534, 37, and 1417 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) followed by pelleted and extruded foods. Average daily intake (mg/kg body weight(0.75)) of HMF is 122 times higher for dogs and 38 times higher for cats than average intake for adult humans. As commercial pet foods are most often the only source of food for dogs and cats, future research focus should be on the bioavailability and long-term health implications of MRP consumption by dogs and cats.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Antonius F B
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van der Poel
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wierenga
authors.forename: Lucille
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Wouter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hendriks
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004285:Dogs; D005511:Food Handling; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D008241:Lysinoalanine; D015416:Maillard Reaction
chemical_list: D008241:Lysinoalanine; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D005662:Furaldehyde; D008239:Lysine