title: Is bisphenol S a safe substitute for bisphenol A in terms of metabolic function? An in vitro study.
abstract: As bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to induce adverse effects on human health, especially through the activation of endocrine pathways, it is about to be withdrawn from the European market and replaced by analogues such as bisphenol S (BPS). However, toxicological data on BPS is scarce, and so it is necessary to evaluate the possible effects of this compound on human health. We compared the effect of BPA and BPS on obesity and hepatic steatosis processes using low doses in the same range as those found in the environment. Two in vitro models were used, the adipose cell line 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells, representative of hepatic functions. We analyzed different parameters such as lipid and glucose uptakes, lipolysis, leptin production and the modulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and energy balance. BPA and BPS induced an increase in the lipid content in the 3T3-L1 cell line and more moderately in the hepatic cells. We also observed a decrease in lipolysis after bisphenol treatment of adipocytes, but only BPS was involved in the increase in glucose uptake and leptin production. These latter effects could be linked to the modulation of SREBP-1c, PPARγ, aP2 and ERRα and γ genes after exposure to BPA, whereas BPS seems to target the PGC1α and the ERRγ genes. The findings suggest that both BPA and BPS could be involved in obesity and steatosis processes, but through two different metabolic pathways.
authors.affiliation: INRA, TOXALIM, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: cecile.helies@toulouse.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Héliès-Toussaint
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peyre
authors.affiliation: INRA, TOXALIM, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse III, INP, ENVT, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Nutox Laboratory, Derttech "Packtox", INSERM UMR 866, AgroSup Dijon, 1 esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chagnon
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1331 TOXALIM, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahmani
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D013450:Sulfones / Q000633:toxicity*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D000098831:Bisphenol S Compounds; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D005947:Glucose; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010636:Phenols; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013450:Sulfones; D014280:Triglycerides; C490917:ESRRG protein, human; C543008:bisphenol S; D000098831:Bisphenol S Compounds; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BPA; BPS; Endocrine disruptor; Energy metabolism; Obesity; Steatosis