title: Antifungal susceptibility patterns, in vitro production of virulence factors, and evaluation of diagnostic modalities for the speciation of pathogenic Candida from blood stream infections and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
abstract: Candida spp. have emerged as successful pathogens in both invasive and mucosal infections. Varied virulence factors and growing resistance to antifungal agents have contributed to their pathogenicity. We studied diagnostic accuracy of HiCrome Candida Differential Agar and Vitek 2 Compact system for identification of Candida spp. in comparison with species-specific PCR on 110 clinical isolates of Candida from blood stream infections (54, 49%) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (56, 51%). C. albicans (61%) was the leading pathogen in VVC, while C. tropicalis (46%) was prominent among BSIs. HiCrome Agar and Vitek 2 Compact had good measures of agreement (κ) 0.826 and 0.895, respectively, in comparison with PCR. We also tested these isolates for in vitro production of proteinase, esterase, phospholipases, and biofilms. Proteinase production was more among invasive isolates (P = 0.017), while phospholipase production was more among noninvasive isolates (P = 0.001). There was an overall increase in the production of virulence factors among non-albicans Candida. Identification of clinical isolates of Candida up to species level either by chromogenic agar or by Vitek 2 Compact system should be routinely done to choose appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Chaitanya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tellapragada
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Vandana Kalwaje
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Eshwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Ruqaiyah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Parvati V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Chiranjay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jun;45(6):1843-50
references.pmid: 17460052
references.citation: J Oral Microbiol. 2011 Jan 28;3:
references.pmid: 21547018
references.citation: Libyan J Med. 2010 Feb 09;5:
references.pmid: 21483597
references.citation: Rev Iberoam Micol. 2006 Jun;23(2):101-3
references.pmid: 16854187
references.citation: Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2013 Apr-Jun;56(2):144-7
references.pmid: 24056652
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2002 Jul;70(7):3689-700
references.pmid: 12065511
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Feb;17(2):264-72
references.pmid: 20456460
references.citation: Lett Appl Microbiol. 2000 Dec;31(6):421-6
references.pmid: 11123549
references.citation: Med Mycol. 2007 Jun;45(4):321-46
references.pmid: 17510856
references.citation: Cell Microbiol. 2007 Dec;9(12):2938-54
references.pmid: 17645752
references.citation: Sabouraudia. 1965 Oct;4(3):187-93
references.pmid: 5873694
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jun 03;10:150
references.pmid: 20525301
references.citation: Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014 Jan-Mar;32(1):44-8
references.pmid: 24399387
references.citation: Infection. 2007 Jun;35(4):256-9
references.pmid: 17646917
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2005 Jun;54(Pt 6):583-593
references.pmid: 15888468
references.citation: FEMS Yeast Res. 2009 Aug;9(5):688-700
references.pmid: 19473261
references.citation: J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013 Sep 16;7(9):670-5
references.pmid: 24042103
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2001 Dec;9(12):591-6
references.pmid: 11728872
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005 Dec;11(12):1005-11
references.pmid: 16307555
references.citation: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 May-Jun;52(3):139-43
references.pmid: 20602023
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1978 Dec;8(6):756-9
references.pmid: 370150
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2005 May;43(5):2155-62
references.pmid: 15872235
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Sep;45(9):2475-9
references.pmid: 11502517
references.citation: J Int Med Res. 2002 May-Jun;30(3):322-4
references.pmid: 12166351
references.citation: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:872169
references.pmid: 22791958
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2009 Jul-Aug;11(8-9):753-61
references.pmid: 19409507
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2003 Sep;67(3):400-28, table of contents
references.pmid: 12966142
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 1;35(9):1073-80
references.pmid: 12384841
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Jan;13(1):122-43, table of contents
references.pmid: 10627494