title: Are there depression and anxiety genetic markers and mutations? A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic factors may encourage or even cause the occurrence of mood disorders such as anxiety and/or depression. However, despite the significant amount of work and sophisticated technology is not fully elucidated which genes or regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or which types of genetic changes, alone or in combination, can represent reliable genetic markers of anxiety and/or depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify whether there are genetic changes that can cause depression or anxiety and if there are genetic markers that can be used to detect these changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of 01.01.2004 to 03.28.2014 was held by VHL (Virtual Health Library). The search was performed with the descriptors ׳׳anxiety׳׳, ׳׳depression׳׳, "mutation" and "genetic markers׳׳. The selected articles were indexed in MEDLINE. The information pertinent to the study was selected, categorized and analyzed. Of the 374 articles found, 29 met the eligibility criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FMR1 gene polymorphisms, dopaminergic (DAT, DRD, COMT), serotonin (5-HTTLPR, HTR1A, HTR2A), interleukins, MCR1, HCN (potassium channel), neurorregulinas, GABAergic (GABA, GAD, DBI) DBI, GABA (Gabra) receptors and GAD genes (GAD1, GAD2) appear to contribute to generate condition of depression or anxiety like. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA in 124pb allele of D2S2944 in ofil 1 and 2 loci of chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively, and the chromosomes 8p, 17p and 15q appear to be associated with the origin of depression or anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some studies show only associations with one of the disorders, mainly anxiety. Few have shown association with both simultaneously. Other studies showed specific association of gender, or even specific ethnic groups. It was noticed, controversies over certain markers. Interesting results were observed in combination of changes, especially in cases of SNPs, indicating that perhaps this is the most appropriate way to find reliable markers.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sally França
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lacerda-Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Flávio Fontenelle
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Junior
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pereira de Lima
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claúdio Gleidiston
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lima da Silva
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Socorro
authors.initials: Mdo S
authors.lastname: Vieira dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Gilvan
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Teixeira Júnior
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Neto
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lima de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Denise Barros
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Cariri, Divine Salvior Street, 284, Center, Barbalha, Ceara, Brazil. Electronic address: modestorolim@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Modesto Leite
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rolim-Neto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Alves Vieira
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bianco
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Genetic markers; Mutation