title: High-speed multi-jets printing using laser forward transfer: time-resolved study of the ejection dynamics.
abstract: This paper extends the current understanding of the laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) process to the multi-jets ejection problem. LIFT has already been used to print micrometer-sized droplets from a liquid donor substrate with single pulse experiments. Here we study the dynamics of the high-speed multi-jets formation from silver nanoparticles ink films with a time-resolved imaging technique. A galvanometric mirrors head controls the spacing between adjacent pulses by scanning the focused beam of a high repetition rate UV picosecond laser along an ink-coated donor substrate. The laser pulses interact with the liquid film and generate cavitation bubbles that propel the ink away from the substrate and form the jets. When the spacing between consecutive pulses is substantially higher than the maximum diameter of the bubbles, there is no interaction between adjacent jets, and these remain unperturbed. However, when the pulses are brought closer significant jet-jet interaction takes place, which results in a clear deviation from the single jet dynamics. Thus, the cavitation bubbles acquire different shapes, the ink is ejected faster and along different directions depending on the spacing between the pulses, and each bubble alters the evolution of the previous one and shifts away from it.
authors.forename: Emeric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biver
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Anne-Patricia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alloncle
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delaporte