title: Endometrial abnormalities on transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathology in women after quinacrine sterilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe endometrial abnormalities on transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathology in women after quinacrine sterilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was an analytical cross sectional study conducted during February 2012 to April 2013. The sample size calculated at 95% confidence level was 540. Sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The medical history, examination, transvaginal ultrasonography and biopsy of suspected lesion was performed in quinacrine sterilized women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calculation of statistics showed the mean age at quinacrine sterilization was 38.5 years, standard deviation 6.517, and standard error 0.461. The endometrium was regular and smooth with homogenous images in 86% (n= 466), irregular endometrium with heterogeneous images on transvaginal ultrasound in 9.4% (n =51) and endometrial growth with high level echoes in 4.2% women (n= 23). The histological findings included hyperplasia and well differentiated adenocarcinoma in two patients respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The irregular endometrium, adhesions, and growths were found after quinacrine sterilization. The risk of endometrial growth was more after 10 years duration of quinacrine sterilization.
authors.affiliation: Dr Saira Afzal, MBBS, MCPS, M.Phil, FCPS, Chairperson and Head, Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Prof. Mulazim Hussain Bukhari, MBBS, MCPS, M.Phil, FCPS, PhD, Deputy Dean, Pathology Department, Medical School.American University of Barbados, School of Medicine 18 Wildey Estate, Main Wildey Road, St Michael, Barbados, USA.
authors.forename: Mulazim Hussain
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bukhari
keywords: Endometrial pattern; Quinacrine sterilization; Sterilization failure
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