title: [Origin and development of umbilical therapy in traditional Chinese medicine].
abstract: The origin and development of umbilical therapy in traditional Chinese medicine is explored from related literature in the history. As a result, the Shang period is regarded as initial period of umbilical therapy, while periods from Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Southern-Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty could be taken as stage of primary development. Time from Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties is believed as mature stage. Also the manipulation, application principle, indications and contraindications of umbilical therapy are explained. A brief overview of modern development of umbilical therapy is also described.
authors.forename: Xue-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D008513:Medicine in Literature; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods*; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000502:physiology*