title: Language Concordance as a Determinant of Patient Outcomes in a Pharmacist-Managed Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Published literature reveals that health care disparities exist due to race, gender, and language, although this has not been confirmed in a pharmacist-managed patient population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to examine the association of language concordance and clinical outcomes in a comparison of English-speaking (ES) and Spanish-speaking (SS) patients in a pharmacist-managed cardiovascular risk reduction clinic (CVRRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was undertaken to collect hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for patients enrolled in the CVRRC from July 2010 and August 2012. A 2-sample t-test was utilized to compare these outcomes between ES and SS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9 SS patients and 62 ES patients were included. No statistically significant differences were found between ES and SS patients in this language-concordant, pharmacist-managed clinic setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that similar clinical outcomes between ES and SS patients may be achieved with the ability of pharmacists to speak the same language as their patients.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Ambulatory Care, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN, US jgonzalv@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Jasmine D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gonzalvo
authors.affiliation: PGY2 Pharmacotherapy Resident, Community Health Network/Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Nora H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Sharaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D065246:Culturally Competent Care; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Spanish speaking; health care disparities; pharmacist-managed clinic