title: Spatial distributions of methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the East China Sea--a seaward increasing trend.
abstract: Methoxylated (MeO-) and hydroxylated (OH-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine environments have been of increasing concern due to their potential ecological toxicities and worldwide occurrence. However, few reports have been referred to their occurrence and distributions in marine sediments despite large numbers of studies on marine organisms have been reported. In the present paper, nine MeO-BDEs, ten OH-BDEs and three phytoplankton biomarkers (PBs) of brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones have been measured in surface sediments from the East China Sea. 6-MeO-BDE47, 2'-MeO-BDE68 and 6-OH-BDE47 were predominant congeners, ranging from 5.2 to 599.5 pg g(-1)dw, 5.2 to 562.4 pg g(-1)dw, and 11.4 to 129.1 pg g(-1)dw, respectively. Their spatial patterns all presented a seaward increasing trend and higher levels of these compounds were mainly concentrated in the outer shelf influenced by the Kuroshio Current. The patterns further prove that these ortho-substituted MeO-BDEs and OH-BDEs in marine sediments are natural compounds. Furthermore, alkenones also presented a seaward increasing trend. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant correlations between MeO-BDEs, OH-BDEs and alkenones, impling the potential of coccolithophorids for producing these natural compounds and their global distribution, especially in open oceans. Comparison between TOC and the ratio of 6-MeO-BDE47/6-OH-BDE47 suggests that TOC should be a potential controlling factor of the conversion between MeO-BDE and OH-BDE pairs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address: zhaozongshan@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zongshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Meixun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Guibin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: East China Sea; MeO-BDEs; OH-BDEs; Sediment; Spatial distribution