title: The role of transmembrane proteins on force transmission in skeletal muscle.
abstract: Lateral transmission of force from myofibers laterally to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) via the transmembrane proteins between them is impaired in old muscles. Changes in geometrical and mechanical properties of ECM of skeletal muscle do not fully explain the impaired lateral transmission with aging. The objective of this study was to determine the role of transmembrane proteins on force transmission in skeletal muscle. In this study, a 2D finite element model of single muscle fiber composed of myofiber, ECM, and the transmembrane proteins between them was developed to determine how changes in spatial density and mechanical properties of transmembrane proteins affect the force transmission in skeletal muscle. We found that force transmission and stress distribution are not affected by mechanical stiffness of the transmembrane proteins due to its non-linear stress-strain relationship. Results also showed that the muscle fiber with insufficient transmembrane proteins near the end of muscle fiber transmitted less force than that with more proteins does. Higher stress was observed in myofiber, ECM, and proteins in the muscle fiber with fewer proteins.
authors.affiliation: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: yg75@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: DGC; Extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle; Lateral transmission; Myofiber
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