title: Palinopsia revamped: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: Palinopsia, the persistence or recurrence of visual images after the stimulus has been removed, is a nonspecific term that describes multiple types of visual symptoms with a wide variety of etiologies. For example, palinopsia may be the presenting symptom of a potentially life-threatening posterior cortical lesion, yet it may also be a benign medication side effect. We comprehensively review all published cases and subdivide palinopsia into two clinically relevant categories: illusory palinopsia and hallucinatory palinopsia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gersztenkorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: AGLee@houstonmethodist.org.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000360:Afterimage / Q000502:physiology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: akinetopsia; cerebral polyopia; hallucinogen persisting perception disorder; palinopsia; persistent migrainous aura; persistent visual aura; positive spontaneous visual phenomena; saccadic suppression; visual perseveration; visual snow