title: Multicentric primary extramammary Paget disease: a Toker cell disorder?
abstract: Toker cells are epithelial clear cells found in the areolar and nipple areas of the breast, vulvar region, and other apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. Toker cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of clear cell papulosis, cutaneous hamartoma with pagetoid cells, and rare cases of primary extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) but not in secondary EMPD with underlying adenocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of primary EMPD is not well defined. We report a case of multicentric primary EMPD with evidence of Toker cell proliferation and nonaggressive biologic behavior in a 63-year-old white man. A detailed description of the morphologic and biologic features of Toker cells and their possible carcinogenetic links also are discussed. Based on the observation and follow-up of our patient, we hypothesize that multicentric primary EMPD starts with Toker cell hyperplasia and can potentially evolve to carcinoma in the genital region.
authors.affiliation: 1901 1st Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA. panteahashemi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pantea
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Grace F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konia
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sina
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006119:Groin / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053552:Keratin-7 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010145:Paget Disease, Extramammary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012611:Scrotum / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C507497:KRT7 protein, human; D053552:Keratin-7