title: Compare the effects of intravenous and intraperitoneal mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on ultrafiltration failure in a rat model of chronic peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the possible healing effects of intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation on ultrafiltration failure (UFF) in a chronic rat model of peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were initially divided into two groups. The UFF-group received once-daily IP injections of 20 mL of 3.86% glucose PD solution for six weeks to stimulate the development of UFF, and a control group received no injections. The UFF group was sub-divided into four groups: an UFF-C group, a MSC-IP group, a MSC-IV group and a placebo (P) group. Peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) and peritoneal biopsies were performed in the control and UFF-C groups. MSCs were administered by IP injection in the MSC-IP group and by IV injection in the MSC-IV group. The P group received IP injection of placebo. PETs and peritoneal biopsies were performed in the MSC-IP, MSC-IV and P groups at the three weeks after receiving MSCs or placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the control group, ultrafiltration capacity significantly decreased, and the submesothelial thickness increased in the UFF-C and P group, but there were no differences between the control and MSC-IP and MSC-IV groups. The rate of glucose transport was high in the UFF-C and P group compared with the control group, and D/PCr rates in the UFF-C and P group were lower than in the control group. However, D/D0glucose was higher and D/PCr was lower in the MSC-IP group than in the UFF-C and P groups, but D/D0glucose rate of MSC-IV group similar to UFF-C and P groups and there was no difference between MSC-IV group and the other groups in terms of D/PCr rates. The MSC-IP, MSC-IV and P groups had significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor α concentrations compared with the UFF-C group. MSC-IP group had lower levels of TGF-β1 compared with the P group; MSC-IP group had also lower levels of interleukin-6 compared with UFF-C group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UFF group had a high permeability UFF. These results showed that IV and IP MSC transplantation exerted positive effects on UFF in a chronic rat model of PD. However, healing effect of small solute transport in MSC-IP group was better than MSC-IV group. IP MSC transplantation may be more effective than IV MSC transplantation for the renewal of the peritoneum in chronic PD patients with UFF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey .
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baştuğ
authors.forename: Zübeyde
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.forename: Sebahat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tülpar
authors.forename: Yasemin Altuner
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akgün
authors.forename: Erman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dörterler
authors.forename: Ruhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Düşünsel
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poyrazoğlu
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baştuğ
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Dursun
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Chronic peritoneal dialysis; intraperitoneal MSC transplantation; intravenous MSC transplantation; ultrafiltration failure