title: Butachlor causes disruption of HPG and HPT axes in adult female rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus).
abstract: Butachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide widely used in Asia, and may enter the aquatic environment through agricultural application. In this study, plasma VTG and hormone levels (E2, 11-KT, T3 and T4) were determined after the female rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to butachlor at environmental relevant concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 10μg/L) for 40days. The mRNA levels of the HPG axis-related genes (gnrh, erα, vtg, star, lhr, 3β-hsd, cyp11a, cyp17, cyp19a and cyp19b), and the HPT axis-related genes (trα, dio1, dio2, and dio3) were quantified after 20 and 40days exposure to butachlor. For the HPG axis, the plasma 11-KT was increased at exposure concentration of 10μg/L, and VTG was significantly decreased at 1μg/L. Functional genes like gnrh and cyp19b in the brains, star, lhr, cyp11a, 3β-hsd, and cyp19a in the ovaries, and erα and vtg in livers were up-regulated. For the HPT axis, the results showed that plasma T4 levels were significantly increased, the gene expression of dio1 was up-regulated, dio2 showed no significant variation, and dio3 was down-regulated in the livers. These results indicated that butachlor may promote the accumulation of T4 in fish through inactive deiodinase type 3. The transcription of HPG axis-related genes could serve as an auto-regulation of hormone levels after exposure to butachlor. Furthermore, the activation of gnrh may play an important role as a feed-back mechanism in the regulation of hormone levels and crosstalk of endocrine axes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Fishery Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China.
authors.forename: Lifei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: jinmiaozha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jinmiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Lilai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: wangzj@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006540:Herbicides; D014819:Vitellogenins; C054409:butachlor
keywords: Butachlor; Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis; Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis; Plasma hormone; Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)