title: ON-pathway-dominant glycinergic regulation of cholinergic amacrine cells in the mouse retina.
abstract: Direction selectivity in the retina has been studied as a model of dendritic computation of neural circuits. Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) have been examined as a model system of dendritic computation as they play a pivotal role in the formation of direction selectivity. Because the difference of anatomical location inside the retina made ON-SACs an easier target to record, the biophysical properties of ON-SACs have been used to predict those of OFF-SACs. In this study, we systematically compared the responses of ON- and OFF-SACs to the two principal neurotransmitters, glycine and glutamate. We found that responses to glycine were significantly larger in ON-SACs than in OFF-SACs. In contrast, ON- and OFF-SACs responded similarly to glutamate. The amplitude of glycine responses in ON-SACs increased after eye opening and the largest amplitude was observed at postnatal day 28. On the other hand, no increase in the amplitude of glycine responses in OFF-SACs was observed until postnatal day 28. Glycine-evoked currents were inhibited by the application of strychnine. Glutamate-evoked currents were mimicked by the application of AMPA or kainite, and responses to N-methyl-d-aspartate were observed in the absence of Mg(2+) block. Glutamate-evoked currents produced an increase in the frequency of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Our results suggest that signal processing in ON-SACs cannot be directly used to understand the properties of OFF-SACs. Therefore fully defining the physiological properties of OFF-SACs will be critical to understanding and modelling direction selectivity in the retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan mkaneda@nms.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism*; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005998:Glycine
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