title: Apoplastic peroxidases are required for salicylic acid-mediated defense against Pseudomonas syringae.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases or apoplastic peroxidases play an important role in the plant defense response. Diminished expression of at least two Arabidopsis thaliana peroxidase encoding genes, PRX33 (At3g49110) and PRX34 (At3g49120), as a consequence of anti-sense expression of a heterologous French bean peroxidase gene (asFBP1.1), were previously shown to result in reduced levels of ROS following pathogen attack, enhanced susceptibility to a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens, and reduced levels of callose production and defense-related gene expression in response to the microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules flg22 and elf26. These data demonstrated that the peroxidase-dependent oxidative burst plays an important role in the elicitation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Further work reported in this paper, however, shows that asFBP1.1 antisense plants are not impaired in all PTI-associated responses. For example, some but not all flg22-elicited genes are induced to lower levels by flg22 in asFPB1.1, and callose deposition in asFPB1.1 is similar to wild-type following infiltration with a Pseudomonas syringae hrcC mutant or with non-host P. syringae pathovars. Moreover, asFPB1.1 plants did not exhibit any apparent defect in their ability to mount a hypersensitive response (HR). On the other hand, salicylic acid (SA)-mediated activation of PR1 was dramatically impaired in asFPB1.1 plants. In addition, P. syringae-elicited expression of many genes known to be SA-dependent was significantly reduced in asFBP1.1 plants. Consistent with this latter result, in asFBP1.1 plants the key regulator of SA-mediated responses, NPR1, showed both dramatically decreased total protein abundance and a failure to monomerize, which is required for its translocation into the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Mammarella
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Zheng Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
authors.forename: Arsalan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daudi
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
authors.forename: G Paul
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bolwell
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Xinnian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: ausubel@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ausubel
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009154:Mutation; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; C105496:NPR1 protein, Arabidopsis; C077559:hrpH protein, Pseudomonas syringae; D010544:Peroxidases; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Effector triggered immunity; Microbial associated molecular patterns; Oxidative burst; Pattern triggered immunity; Peroxidases; Salicylic acid signaling
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