title: Pattern triggered immunity (PTI) in tobacco: isolation of activated genes suggests role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in inhibition of bacterial pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pattern Triggered Immunity (PTI) or Basal Resistance (BR) is a potent, symptomless form of plant resistance. Upon inoculation of a plant with non-pathogens or pathogenicity-mutant bacteria, the induced PTI will prevent bacterial proliferation. Developed PTI is also able to protect the plant from disease or HR (Hypersensitive Response) after a challenging infection with pathogenic bacteria. Our aim was to reveal those PTI-related genes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that could possibly play a role in the protection of the plant from disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leaves were infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae hrcC- mutant bacteria to induce PTI, and samples were taken 6 and 48 hours later. Subtraction Suppressive Hybridization (SSH) resulted in 156 PTI-activated genes. A cDNA microarray was generated from the SSH clone library. Analysis of hybridization data showed that in the early (6 hpi) phase of PTI, among others, genes of peroxidases, signalling elements, heat shock proteins and secondary metabolites were upregulated, while at the late phase (48 hpi) the group of proteolysis genes was newly activated. Microarray data were verified by real time RT-PCR analysis. Almost all members of the phenyl-propanoid pathway (PPP) possibly leading to lignin biosynthesis were activated. Specific inhibition of cinnamic-acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), rate limiting enzyme of the PPP, decreased the strength of PTI--as shown by the HR-inhibition and electrolyte leakage tests. Quantification of cinnamate and p-coumarate by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry supported specific changes in the levels of these metabolites upon elicitation of PTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe to provide first report on PTI-related changes in the levels of these PPP metabolites. Results implicated an actual role of the upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the inhibition of bacterial pathogenic activity during PTI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ágnes
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Szatmári
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ágnes
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Zvara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ágnes M
authors.initials: ÁM
authors.lastname: Móricz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Besenyei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: László G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Puskás
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bozsó
mesh_terms: D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D066251:Subtractive Hybridization Techniques; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates
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