title: Neuroendocrine differentiation is a prognostic factor for stage II poorly differentiated colorectal cancer.
abstract: Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in colorectal cancer is an indistinct phenomenon and may define a new cancer subtype, especially in the poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (PDCRC). The clinical features of PDCRC with NED remain controversial, thus confusing the implementation of individualized treatment. This study included 171 patients who underwent surgery from 2000 to 2011 and had pathology-confirmed PDCRC. Each sample was examined by immunohistochemistry for the biological markers of NED, synaptophysin (Syn), and chromogranin (CgA). Patients with Syn(+) and/or CgA(+) cells were classified as NED(+); otherwise, they were NED(-). Data were collected for patients who were followed up for at least two years. NED(+) staining was present in 71 (41.5%) patients. The median survival time was 36.9 months. No survival differences existed between the NED(-) and NED(+) groups (P > 0.05). However, stage II NED(+) patients had a significantly worse prognosis than NED(-) patients (P = 0.018). For the NED(+) group, the median survival was 38.56 months, and the 5-year survival was 65%. For the NED(-) group, the median survival was 53.18 months, and the 5-year survival was 90%. NED is a common event in primary PDCRC. For stage II PDCRC, NED(+) indicates a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Jinghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yurong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yeting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Chenghao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0120-2371
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Kefeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D055099:Neuroendocrine Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
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