title: Auditory and Visual Attention Performance in Children With ADHD: The Attentional Deficiency of ADHD Is Modality Specific.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored auditory and visual attention in children with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, two-period crossover design, 50 children with ADHD and 50 age- and sex-matched typically developing peers were measured with the Test of Various Attention (TOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The deficiency of visual attention is more serious than that of auditory attention in children with ADHD. On the auditory modality, only the deficit of attentional inconsistency is sufficient to explain most cases of ADHD; however, most of the children with ADHD suffered from deficits of sustained attention, response inhibition, and attentional inconsistency on the visual modality. Our results also showed that the deficit of attentional inconsistency is the most important indicator in diagnosing and intervening in ADHD when both auditory and visual modalities are considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings provide strong evidence that the deficits of auditory attention are different from those of visual attention in children with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 2 National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsieh-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: 1 I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Posen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3 Taipei College of Maritime Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Yuan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 4 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Dien
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 5 Da Chien General Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; auditory attention; response inhibition; sustained attention; visual attention