title: High resolution scanning electron microscopy of cells using dielectrophoresis.
abstract: Ultrastructural analysis of cells can reveal valuable information about their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to provide high-resolution images from the surface of biological samples. However, samples need to be dehydrated and coated with conductive materials for SEM imaging. Besides, immobilizing non-adherent cells during processing and analysis is challenging and requires complex fixation protocols. In this work, we developed a novel dielectrophoresis based microfluidic platform for interfacing non-adherent cells with high-resolution SEM at low vacuum mode. The system enables rapid immobilization and dehydration of samples without deposition of chemical residues over the cell surface. Moreover, it enables the on-chip chemical stimulation and fixation of immobilized cells with minimum dislodgement. These advantages were demonstrated for comparing the morphological changes of non-budding and budding yeast cells following Lyticase treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Shi-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soffe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nahavandi
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Khashayar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khoshmanesh
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000648:ultrastructure*
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