title: SOX2 expression in the developing, adult, as well as, diseased prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SOX2 is a member of SOX (SRY-related high mobility group box) family of transcription factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the expression of SOX2 in murine and human prostatic specimens by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that SOX2 was expressed in murine prostates during budding morphogenesis and in neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (PCa) murine models. Expression of SOX2 was also examined in human prostatic tissue. We found that SOX2 was expressed in 26 of the 30 BPH specimens. In these BPH samples, expression of SOX2 was limited to basal epithelial cells. In contrast, 24 of the 25 primary PCa specimens were negative for SOX2. The only positive primary PCa was the prostatic NE tumor, which also showed co-expression of synaptophysin. Additionally, the expression of SOX2 was detected in all prostatic NE tumor xenograft lines. Furthermore, we have examined the expression of SOX2 on a set of tissue microarrays consisting of metastatic PCa tissues. Expression of SOX2 was detected in at least one metastatic site in 15 of the 24 patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa; and the expression of SOX2 was correlated with synaptophysin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOX2 was expressed in developing prostates, basal cells of BPH, as well as prostatic NE tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cates
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Grabowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: DeGraff
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lin-Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Matusik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011467:Prostate / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C527783:Sox2 protein, mouse
references.citation: J Urol. 2010 May;183(5):2045-53
references.pmid: 20303530
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):663-76
references.pmid: 16904174
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec 20;30(36):e386-9
references.pmid: 23169519
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Jun 10;5(6):e11022
references.pmid: 20548776
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2008 Jan;172(1):236-46
references.pmid: 18156212
references.citation: J Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Aug;3(4):230-8
references.pmid: 21415100
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):2239-49
references.pmid: 11280793
references.citation: Prostate. 2006 Jul 1;66(10):1013-28
references.pmid: 16001449
references.citation: Lab Invest. 1998 Mar;78(3):319-33
references.pmid: 9520945
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Aug;40(14):6725-40
references.pmid: 22561374
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2011 Apr 26;104(9):1410-7
references.pmid: 21468047
references.citation: In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1999 Jul-Aug;35(7):403-9
references.pmid: 10462204
references.citation: J Urol. 2004 Jan;171(1):439-42
references.pmid: 14665950
references.citation: Lab Invest. 2012 Mar;92(3):362-70
references.pmid: 22184093
references.citation: Hum Pathol. 2009 Feb;40(2):252-8
references.pmid: 18835619
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2008 May 1;317(1):296-309
references.pmid: 18374910
references.citation: Prostate. 2005 Mar 1;62(4):339-52
references.pmid: 15389796
references.citation: Prostate. 2009 May 15;69(7):787-98
references.pmid: 19189306
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2010 Feb;28(2):344-56
references.pmid: 20020426
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2002 Aug;3(2):167-70
references.pmid: 12194848
references.citation: Cell Prolif. 2012 Jun;45(3):207-16
references.pmid: 22469032
references.citation: Oncogene. 2011 Apr 21;30(16):1868-79
references.pmid: 21151173
references.citation: Prostate. 2009 Mar 1;69(4):401-10
references.pmid: 19058139
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 1;14(19):6062-72
references.pmid: 18829484
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 Jan;32(1):65-71
references.pmid: 18162772
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;64(24):9209-16
references.pmid: 15604294
references.citation: Oncogene. 2012 May 3;31(18):2270-82
references.pmid: 21927024
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2010 Feb;176(2):903-13
references.pmid: 20042675
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 Jun;30(6):705-12
references.pmid: 16723847
references.citation: Neoplasia. 2013 Jan;15(1):1-10
references.pmid: 23358695
references.citation: Prostate. 2011 Jan 1;71(1):18-25
references.pmid: 20583131
references.citation: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2010 Jan;18(1):55-61
references.pmid: 19661786
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36326
references.pmid: 22615765
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Dec 14;4(12):e8248
references.pmid: 20011520
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53701
references.pmid: 23326489
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2000 Nov 15;227(2):239-55
references.pmid: 11071752
references.citation: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2014 Sep;33(2-3):377-97
references.pmid: 24452759
references.citation: Prostate. 2009 Feb 15;69(3):249-62
references.pmid: 18991257