title: Prevalence of allergic diseases and/or allergic sensitisation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of atopic diseases in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) has been reported as lower. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of allergic diseases and allergic sensitisation in Brazilian children and adolescents with DM1.
  
  
  METHODS
  96 patients with DM1 (aged 4-18 years, 45 boys) followed for at least one year were evaluated for allergic disease through a detailed allergological anamnesis and skin prick tests (SPT) to inhalant allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, dog epithelium, cat epithelium, mix fungi), foods (cow's milk, egg-white, yolk, soy, wheat, corn), and positive (histamine 1 mg/ml) and negative (saline) controls. Wheals with a mean diameter of induration equal to or greater than 3mm identified a positive SPT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence values of rhinitis, asthma and atopic eczema (isolated or associated) were 68.0%, 59.1% and 44.4%, respectively. 20.6% of the patients had no allergic disease. 46.8% of the patients had been diagnosed with DM1 for at least four years and there was no relationship between the period of DM1 and the presence of allergic disease, nor of the gender. 48.0% patients were sensitised with predominance of D. pteronyssinus, B. topicalis and D. farinae. The frequency of positive SPT was significantly higher among patients with history of allergic disease (OR=6.98, 95%CI: 2.60-18.74, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitisation in patients with DM1 was higher than usually expected and deserves further investigation to identify possible causes for these findings and to evaluate their importance and influence on the metabolic control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villa-Nova
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spinola-Castro
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: dirceu.sole@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solé
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D039981:Pyroglyphidae; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides
keywords: Adolescents; Allergic rhinitis; Allergy; Asthma; Atopic eczema; Atopy; Children; Sensitisation; Type 1 diabetes mellitus