title: Palmitoylation of the Alphacoronavirus TGEV spike protein S is essential for incorporation into virus-like particles but dispensable for S-M interaction.
abstract: The spike protein S of coronaviruses contains a highly conserved cytoplasmic cysteine-rich motif adjacent to the transmembrane region. This motif is palmitoylated in the Betacoronaviruses MHV and SARS-CoV. Here, we demonstrate by metabolic labeling with [(3)H]-palmitic acid that the S protein of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), an Alphacoronavirus, is palmitoylated as well. This is relevant for TGEV replication as virus growth was compromised by the general palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate. Mutation of individual cysteine clusters in the cysteine-rich motif of S revealed that all cysteines must be replaced to abolish acylation and incorporation of S into virus-like particles (VLP). Conversely, the interaction of S with the M protein, essential for VLP incorporation of S, was not impaired by lack of palmitoylation. Thus, palmitoylation of the S protein of Alphacoronaviruses is dispensable for S-M interaction, but required for the generation of progeny virions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gelhaus
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Free University, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thaa
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eschke
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Free University, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.affiliation: Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: christel.schwegmann@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwegmann-Weßels
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D054878:Lipoylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017293:Protein S / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005760:Transmissible gastroenteritis virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017293:Protein S; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins
keywords: Alphacoronavirus; Assembly; Coronavirus; Cysteine-rich motif; Palmitoylation; Spike protein; TGEV
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