title: DNA barcodes and species distribution models evaluate threats of global climate changes to genetic diversity: a case study from Nanorana parkeri (Anura: Dicroglossidae).
abstract: Anthropogenic global climate changes are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Distribution modeling can predict the effects of climate changes and potentially their effects on genetic diversity. DNA barcoding quickly identifies patterns of genetic diversity. As a case study, we use DNA barcodes and distribution models to predict threats under climate changes in the frog Nanorana parkeri, which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Barcoding identifies major lineages W and E. Lineage W has a single origin in a refugium and Lineage E derives from three refugia. All refugia locate in river valleys and each greatly contributes to the current level of intraspecific genetic diversity. Species distribution models suggest that global climate changes will greatly influence N. parkeri, especially in the level of genetic diversity, because two former refugia will fail to provide suitable habitat. Our pipeline provides a novel application of DNA barcoding and has important implications for the conservation of biodiversity in southern areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Wei-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Bao-lin
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Hong-man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jie-qiong
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jun-xiao
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Yun-yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ya-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Che
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D057231:Climate Change; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D003710:Demography; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
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