title: Primary leiomyosarcoma of a horseshoe kidney in a woman with Turner syndrome: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Turner syndrome is characterized by complete or partial X-chromosome monosomy and has various clinical features, including horseshoe kidney. Leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor that accounts for only 0.1% of all invasive renal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old Japanese woman presented at a community hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed a horseshoe kidney with a hypovascular tumor (size, 9 × 7 cm) showing calcification in the upper pole of the right kidney. Open right heminephrectomy and division of the isthmus were performed. Histological examination revealed alternating fascicles of spindle cells with blunt ended non-tapering nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor had high mitotic activity with a mitotic count of 8 mitoses/10 high-power fields. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed the patient as having leiomyosarcoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary leiomyosarcoma of the horseshoe kidney in a patient with Turner syndrome is a very rare occurrence.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan. goodwin@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koie
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
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