title: Dendritic cells and B cells: unexpected partners in Th2 development.
abstract: Although we have known for decades that B cells contribute to immune responses by secreting Ab, it is now clear that they are more than simply factories for Ig production, and they also play key roles as modulators of T cell-dependent immunity. Indeed, the evidence showing that Ag-presenting and cytokine-producing B cells can alter the magnitude and quality of CD4 T cell responses continues to grow. In this article, we review the data showing that B cells, working in partnership with dendritic cells, regulate the development of Th2 cells and the subsequent allergic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: León
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballesteros-Tato
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and flund@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
references.citation: Int Immunol. 2001 Dec;13(12):1583-93
references.pmid: 11717199
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2010 Sep 27;207(10):2097-111
references.pmid: 20819925
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2005 Sep 19;202(6):793-804
references.pmid: 16172258
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1995 Nov 1;182(5):1591-6
references.pmid: 7595230
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1991 Nov 1;174(5):1209-20
references.pmid: 1940799
references.citation: Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(2):139-55
references.pmid: 23216612
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Jan 17;191(2):201-6
references.pmid: 10637265
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 17;95(4):1730-4
references.pmid: 9465085
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2003 Apr 7;197(7):875-83
references.pmid: 12668647
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2001 Jun;31(6):1927-34
references.pmid: 11433390
references.citation: Int Immunol. 2010 Jun;22(6):413-9
references.pmid: 20508253
references.citation: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999 Mar;20(3):379-87
references.pmid: 10030835
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Apr;72 Suppl 2:ii80-4
references.pmid: 23253921
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2010 Nov;238(1):247-62
references.pmid: 20969597
references.citation: PLoS One. 2008 Sep 03;3(9):e3129
references.pmid: 18769622
references.citation: Mol Med. 1998 May;4(5):344-55
references.pmid: 9642684
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2008 Jan 21;205(1):13-7
references.pmid: 18195077
references.citation: J Immunol. 1985 Aug;135(2):980-8
references.pmid: 2409164
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Apr;10(4):225-35
references.pmid: 20336151
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 Sep 15;179(6):3821-30
references.pmid: 17785819
references.citation: Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2012 Jun;12(3):213-21
references.pmid: 22394173
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2010 Sep;237(1):264-83
references.pmid: 20727041
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Aug 21;192(4):475-82
references.pmid: 10952717
references.citation: J Immunol. 1997 Dec 15;159(12):5956-63
references.pmid: 9550393
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 16;101(11):3880-5
references.pmid: 15004274
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2010 Sep 27;207(10):2089-96
references.pmid: 20819926
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30:243-70
references.pmid: 22224777
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 May;8(5):362-71
references.pmid: 18379575
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:621-63
references.pmid: 21314428
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2001 Jun;69(6):3860-8
references.pmid: 11349052
references.citation: J Immunol. 1997 May 15;158(10):4832-7
references.pmid: 9144498
references.citation: Science. 2012 Jul 27;337(6093):431-5
references.pmid: 22837519
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Apr;10(4):236-47
references.pmid: 20224569
references.citation: J Immunol. 2010 Jan 15;184(2):886-94
references.pmid: 19966209
references.citation: J Immunol. 2013 Jul 15;191(2):545-50
references.pmid: 23772037
references.citation: J Immunol. 1986 Apr 1;136(7):2348-57
references.pmid: 2419430
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2000 Dec;1(6):475-82
references.pmid: 11101868
references.citation: Immunol Cell Biol. 2009 Nov-Dec;87(8):590-600
references.pmid: 19721453
references.citation: Immunity. 2011 Dec 23;35(6):919-31
references.pmid: 22195747
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Mar 14;6(3):e17739
references.pmid: 21423809
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2004 Oct;5(10):987-95
references.pmid: 15454922
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 1990;8:773-93
references.pmid: 2188679
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Jan 1;170(1):384-93
references.pmid: 12496423
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 Aug;5(8):617-28
references.pmid: 16056255
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Jan;2(1):55-60
references.pmid: 11905838
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2000 Jan 13;10(1):R30-3
references.pmid: 10660291
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jul 20;406(6793):309-14
references.pmid: 10917533
references.citation: J Immunol. 2006 Mar 15;176(6):3498-506
references.pmid: 16517718
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1995 Nov 1;182(5):1579-84
references.pmid: 7595228
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2012 May 27;13(7):681-90
references.pmid: 22634865
references.citation: Immunity. 2013 Feb 21;38(2):322-35
references.pmid: 23352232
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2005 Nov 7;202(9):1213-23
references.pmid: 16275760
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2010 Aug;11(8):647-55
references.pmid: 20644570
references.citation: Immunol Cell Biol. 2014 Jan;92(1):22-7
references.pmid: 24145854
references.citation: Immunity. 2009 Mar 20;30(3):421-33
references.pmid: 19249230
references.citation: Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2159-62
references.pmid: 10591648
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Dec;118(6):1234-41
references.pmid: 17157652
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 1989;7:145-73
references.pmid: 2523712
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:225-52
references.pmid: 11244036
references.citation: J Immunol. 2006 Jan 15;176(2):741-9
references.pmid: 16393957
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Apr 1;180(7):4825-35
references.pmid: 18354206
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):713-20
references.pmid: 19465907
references.citation: Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2004 Feb;25(3-4):349-59
references.pmid: 14999428
references.citation: Immunity. 2005 Apr;22(4):467-77
references.pmid: 15845451
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 3;206(8):1681-90
references.pmid: 19635859
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Nov;9(11):757-66
references.pmid: 19855402
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):697-705
references.pmid: 19465906
references.citation: Immunity. 2005 Apr;22(4):493-505
references.pmid: 15845453
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Oct;132(4):789-801; quiz 788
references.pmid: 24075190
references.citation: Immunity. 2009 Jul 17;31(1):158-69
references.pmid: 19592276
references.citation: Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):221-7
references.pmid: 10398592
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Nov;13(11):777-89
references.pmid: 24113868
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2013 May;14(5):514-22
references.pmid: 23563688
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Nov 1;181(9):6189-200
references.pmid: 18941209
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2001 Apr;22(4):187-91
references.pmid: 11274922