title: Partially unroofed coronary sinus with persistent left superior vena cava: the utility of two and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a case report.
abstract: Unroofed coronary sinus (URCS) is a rare cardiac anomaly, in which communication occurs between the coronary sinus (CS) and the left atrium (LA) because of partial or complete absence of the CS roof. A 30-year-old woman was scheduled for surgical closure of atrial septal defect, mitral valve repair and tricuspid annuloplasty. The intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed left-to-right shunt between the CS and the LA. The three-dimensional (3D) TEE confirmed the diagnosis of partially URCS. This defect was repaired with a pericardial patch. In this case, the 3D images of URCS, which were a helpful supplement to the 2D images, providing better visualization of the wall defect and more information regarding the size and location of the defect. The combined use of 2D and 3D images provides valuable information to aid in understanding the anatomy and morphology of this rare anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
keywords: Congenital heart defects; Coronary sinus; Persistent left superior vena cava; Three-dimensional echocardiography
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