title: PD-1 as an immune modulatory receptor.
abstract: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inducible immune modulatory receptor. Upon interaction with its ligands B7 homolog 1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), PD-1 plays important roles in negative regulation of T cell responses to antigen stimulation and maintaining peripheral tolerance. In addition to the inducible expression pattern on conventional T cells, PD-1 is also found on regulatory T cells, follicular T and B cells, and antigen-presenting cells including activated dendritic cells and monocytes. Therefore, PD-1 may have a much broader functionality than expected in negative regulation of multiple arms of immune responses. In addition to cancer therapy, the manipulation of PD-1 and its ligands may hold great promise for therapeutic applications also in autoimmune and infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: From the *TopAlliance Biosciences, INC, Rockville, MD; and †Department of Immunobiology and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Lieping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein / Q000276:immunology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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