title: Follow-up at age 10 years in ELBW children - functional outcome, brain morphology and results from motor assessments in infancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) children without severe brain injury or CP are at high risk of developing deficits within cognition, attention, behavior and motor function. Assessing the quality of an infant's spontaneous motor-repertoire included in Prechtl's General-Movement-Assessment (GMA) has been shown to relate to later motor and cognitive functioning in preterm children without CP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate functional outcome and cerebral MRI morphometry at 10 years in ELBW children without CP compared to healthy controls and to examine any relationship with the quality of infant-motor-repertoire included in the GMA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort-study-design.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 ELBW children (mean birth-weight: 773 g, SD 146, mean gestational age 26.1 weeks, SD 1.8) and 33 term-born, age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  GMA was performed in ELBW children at 3 months corrected age. At 10 years the children underwent comprehensive motor, cognitive, behavioral assessments and cerebral MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The non-CP ELBW children had similar full-IQ but poorer working memory, poorer motor skills, and more attentional and behavioral problems compared to controls. On cerebral MRI reduced volumes of globus pallidus, cerebellar white matter and posterior corpus callosum were found. Cortical surface-area was reduced in temporal, parietal and anterior-medial-frontal areas. Poorer test-results and reduced brain volumes were mainly found in ELBW children with fidgety movements combined with abnormal motor-repertoire in infancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-CP ELBW children have poorer functional outcomes, reduced brain volumes and cortical surface-area compared with term-born controls at 10 years. ELBW children with abnormal infant motor-repertoire seem to be at increased risk of later functional deficits and brain pathology.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Lab. Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Pediatrics, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: kristine.grunewaldt@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Kristine Hermansen
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Grunewaldt
authors.affiliation: Dept of Lab. Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Clinical Services, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fjørtoft
authors.affiliation: Dept of Lab. Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut Jørgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bjuland
authors.affiliation: Dept of Lab. Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Pediatrics, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ann-Mari
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brubakk
authors.affiliation: Dept of Circulation and Medical Imaging, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Live
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eikenes
authors.affiliation: Dept of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Asta K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Håberg
authors.affiliation: Dept of Lab. Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
authors.forename: Gro C C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Løhaugen
authors.affiliation: Dept of Lab. Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Dept of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skranes
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D009664:Norway; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Brain pathology; Cognition; General Movement Assessment; Neurodevelopment; Preterm