title: Toll-like receptor 4 plays significant roles during allergic rhinitis.
abstract: Allergic rhinitis is a nasal hypersensitivity and allergic disease which leads to inflammation of nasal mucosa. Previous investigations revealed that innate immune receptors play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including allergic diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are important innate immune receptors, play crucial roles in the recognition of foreign antigens, including allergens, and subsequently for the induction of immune responses such as inflammation. There are several controversial reports regarding the roles of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. This review presents current information regarding the roles of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and the plausible mechanisms which lead to the expression and function of TLR4 in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Electronic address: ali_golshiri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golshiri
authors.affiliation: Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamsizadeh
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zainodini
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Arababadi
authors.affiliation: School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Inflammation; TLR4