title: Alterations in neutrophil production and function at an early stage in the high-fructose rat model of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although neutrophils are crucially involved in inflammation, they have received only little attention in metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesized that neutrophil infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) may occur at an early stage of MetS, in association with modulation of major functions of neutrophils and of their bone marrow production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed regular (control rats (CRs)) or high-fructose (60%; fructose-fed rats (FFRs)) diets. After 6 weeks, metabolic parameters were measured. Distribution of neutrophils into AT was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Function of circulating neutrophils (activation, reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, and apoptosis) was determined by flow cytometry. Granulopoiesis was evaluated by measuring the number and survival characteristics of neutrophil progenitors using bone marrow culture assays and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the CR group, the FFR group developed MetS (i.e., arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hyperglycemia, and greater intra-abdominal AT volume) and presented higher neutrophil infiltration into AT. At resting state, no significant difference for circulating neutrophil functions was observed between the 2 groups. In contrast, circulating neutrophils from the FFR group exhibited higher responses to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for all studied functions, compared with the CR group, suggesting that early MetS induces neutrophil priming. In parallel, a diminished clonal capacity and an increased apoptosis in bone marrow-derived granulocyte progenitors and neutrophil precursors were observed in the FFR group compared with the CR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence of an increased infiltration into intra-abdominal AT and modified production, function, and phenotype of neutrophils at an early stage of high-fructose diet-induced MetS.
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Madjid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagzirt
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corseaux
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pasquesoone
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouquet
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roma-Lavisse
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ung
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jude
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France;
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elkalioubie
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Belle
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Susen
authors.affiliation: EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; annabelle.dupont-2@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: Annabelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dupont
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004032:Diet; D005632:Fructose; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D005632:Fructose; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: blood pressure; fructose; hypertension; metabolic syndrome; neutrophils; rat.