title: Metagenomic shotgun sequencing of a Bunyavirus in wild-caught Aedes aegypti from Thailand informs the evolutionary and genomic history of the Phleboviruses.
abstract: Arthropod-borne viruses significantly impact human health. They span multiple families, all of which include viruses not known to cause disease. Characterizing these representatives could provide insights into the origins of their disease-causing counterparts. Field-caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Nakhon Nayok, Thailand, underwent metagenomic shotgun sequencing to reveal a Bunyavirus closely related to Phasi Charoen (PhaV) virus, isolated in 2009 from Ae. aegypti near Bangkok. Phylogenetic analysis of this virus suggests it is basal to the Phlebovirus genus thus making it ideally positioned phylogenetically for understanding the evolution of these clinically important viruses. Genomic analysis finds that a gene necessary for virulence in vertebrates, but not essential for viral replication in arthropods, is missing. The sequencing of this phylogenetically-notable and genomically-unique Phlebovirus from wild mosquitoes exemplifies the utility and efficacy of metagenomic shotgun sequencing for virus characterization in arthropod vectors of human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America. Electronic address: jamesanguschandler@gmail.com.
authors.forename: James Angus
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawai׳i at Manoa, 615 Ilalo Street, BioScience Building, Suite 320, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States of America. Electronic address: tpanpim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Panpim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thongsripong
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai׳i at Manoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Snyder 207, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America. Electronic address: amybethhenry@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, 999 Phuttamonthon 4, Road Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. Electronic address: pkittayapong@msn.com.
authors.forename: Pattamaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kittayapong
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, 999 Phuttamonthon 4, Road Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Integrative Research and Education Program, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Electronic address: wilcox.bruce@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.affiliation: Illumina Inc, 25861 Industrial Blvd, Hayward, CA 94545, United States of America. Electronic address: gschroth@illumina.com.
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Schroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America; Center for Conservation Research Training, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai׳i at Manoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall 406, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America. Electronic address: dkapan@calacademy.org.
authors.forename: Durrell D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kapan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America. Electronic address: sbennett@calacademy.org.
authors.forename: Shannon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D056186:Metagenomics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016851:Orthobunyavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016856:Phlebovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D013785:Thailand
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Bunyavirus; Metagenomics; Phlebovirus; Rift valley fever virus; Shotgun sequencing
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