title: Effect of Gynosaponin on Rumen In vitro Methanogenesis under Different Forage-Concentrate Ratios.
abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of gynosaponin on in vitro methanogenesis under different forage-concentrate ratios (F:C ratios). Experiment was conducted with two kinds of F:C ratios (F:C = 7:3 and F:C = 3:7) and gynosaponin addition (0 mg and 16 mg) in a 2×2 double factorial design. In the presence of gynosaponin, methane production and acetate concentration were significantly decreased, whereas concentration of propionate tended to be increased resulting in a significant reduction (p<0.05) of acetate:propionate ratio (A:P ratio), in high-forage substrate. Gynosaponin treatment increased (p<0.05) the butyrate concentration in both F:C ratios. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed there was no apparent shift in the composition of total bacteria, protozoa and methanogens after treated by gynosaponin under both F:C ratios. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that variable F:C ratios significantly affected the abundances of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Rumninococcus flavefaciens, total fungi and counts of protozoa (p<0.05), but did not affect the mcrA gene copies of methanogens and abundance of total bacteria. Counts of protozoa and abundance of F.succinogenes were decreased significantly (p<0.05), whereas mcrA gene copies of methanogens were decreased slightly (p<0.10) in high-forage substrate after treated by gynosaponin. However, gynosaponin treatment under high-concentrate level did not affect the methanogenesis, fermentation characteristics and tested microbes. Accordingly, overall results suggested that gynosaponin supplementation reduced the in vitro methanogenesis and improved rumen fermentation under high-forage condition by changing the abundances of related rumen microbes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Bakhetgul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manatbay
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yanfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Weiyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
keywords: Concentrate Ratios; Forage; Gynosaponin; In vitro; Methanogenesis; Microbiota
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