title: Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of two novel carbazole-based dye molecules.
abstract: Two carbazole-based dye molecules: 3-(6-benzothiazol-2-yl-9H-hexylcarbazole-3-yl)-2-cyano-acylic acid (D3) and 3-[5-(6-benzothiazol-2-yl-9H-hexylcarbazole-3-yl)-thiophen-2-yl]-2-cyan-acylic acid (D4) were synthesized by an approach from carbazole derivate using Vilsmeier-Haack, Suzuki cross-coupling and Knoevenagel reactions. Their physical and electrochemical properties were investigated. D3 and D4 exhibit different optical properties, such as UV absorption, photoluminescence, fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime in different solvents. Compared with D3 without a thiophene unit, the maximum absorption wavelength of D4 red-shift obviously and its fluorescence intensity is also enhanced. A shift of the EHOMO and ELUMO is observed for D3 (EHOMO=2.06 V, ELUMO=-1.39 V vs. NHE) and D4 (EHOMO=1.73 V, ELUMO=-1.33 V vs. NHE). D3 and D4 can be used as dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with TiO2 nanomaterial because their EHOMO are lower than the conduction band edge of TiO2 [-0.5 V (vs. NHE)] and their ELUMO are higher than the I(3-)/I(-) redox potential [0.42 V (vs. NHE)].
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Weiju
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China. Electronic address: cun_li@126.com.
authors.forename: Cun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004560:Electricity; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004583:Electrons; D008027:Light; D017785:Photons; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D012993:Solar Energy; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D004396:Coloring Agents; D012997:Solvents; C041514:carbazole
keywords: Carbazole derivate; Cyclic voltammetry; DFT calculation; DSSCs