title: Decreased alveolar bone turnover is related to the occurrence of root resorption during experimental tooth movement in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between root resorption (RR) and bone turnover in two different types of tooth movement in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 dogs in two different groups were used. Tooth movement of dog premolars resulted from approximately 200 g of force. Histomorphometric analysis of premolar roots was assessed after 4 and 12 weeks of tooth movement by comparing nonresorptive to resorptive surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphometric analysis indicated a significant decrease in the bone formation rate in the root resorptive areas, which resulted in decreased bone volume after 12 weeks. The threshold to detect RR in periapical radiographs was about 1.0 mm(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sustained mechanical load, due to the prolonged stress and strain of continuous mechanics, induces elevated bone metabolic activity, such as the bone turnover (remodeling) and change in bone volume (modeling). Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that increased RR is related to decreased bone formation (turnover) in high stress areas exposed to prolonged orthodontic tooth movement.
authors.affiliation: a  Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, and Adjunct Instructor, Division of Orthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiryu
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Daimaruya
authors.forename: Lawrence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Garetto
authors.forename: Teruko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano-Yamamoto
authors.forename: W Eugene
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Alveolar bone turnover; Biomechanics; Histomorphometric analysis; Root resorption; Tooth movement
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