title: Comparison of behaviour in different liquids and in cells of gold nanorods and spherical nanoparticles modified by linear polyethyleneimine and bovine serum albumin.
abstract: Gold nanorods (GNRs) are considered one of the most promising forms of nanoparticles for nanobiotechnology; however, the problem of their toxicity is currently not resolved. We synthesised GNRs, modified with linear polyethyleneimine (PEI-GNRs), and examined their physicochemical and some biological properties in comparison with GNRs modified with BSA and spherical gold nanoparticles (sGNPs) modified with the same agents. The influence of the buffer, cell culture media, and serum on hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of all GNPs was studied. Simultaneously, the size, shape, and formation of a corona were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PEI-GNRs and GNPs were nontoxic for BHK-21 and HeLa cells (MTT test). Penetration of all GNPs into BHK-21, melanoma B16, and HeLa cells was examined after 30 min, 3 h, and 24 h of incubation using TEM ultrathin sections. PEI-GNRs and PEI-sGNPs demonstrated fast and active penetration into cells by caveolin-dependent and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and accumulated in endosomes and lysosomes. BSA-modified GNPs showed prolonged flotation and a significant delay in cell penetration. The results show that the charge of initial NPs determines penetration into cells. Thus, the designed PEI-GNRs were nontoxic and stable in cell culture media and could efficiently penetrate cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Inna A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pyshnaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Kristina V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Razum
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Poletaeva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitrii V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Pyshnyi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Marina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zenkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Ryabchikova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011992:Endosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D006046:Gold; D011094:Polyethyleneimine
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