title: Frequent loss and alteration of the MOXD2 gene in catarrhines and whales: a possible connection with the evolution of olfaction.
abstract: The MOXD2 gene encodes a membrane-bound monooxygenase similar to dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and has been proposed to be associated with olfaction. In this study, we analyzed MOXD2 genes from 64 mammalian species, and identified loss-of-function mutations in apes (humans, Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, and five gibbon species from the four major gibbon genera), toothed whales (killer whales, bottlenose dolphins, finless porpoises, baijis, and sperm whales), and baleen whales (minke whales and fin whales). We also identified a shared 13-nt deletion in the last exon of Old World cercopithecine monkeys that results in conversion of a membrane-bound protein to a soluble form. We hypothesize that the frequent inactivation and alteration of MOXD2 genes in catarrhines and whales may be associated with the evolution of olfaction in these clades.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Seon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kangseok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D051079:Catarrhini / Q000235:genetics*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics*; D014907:Whales / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases
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