title: The effects of apigenin on the expression of Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway in warm liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the role of apigenin in liver apoptosis, in an experimental model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight Wistar rats (apigenin and control groups), 14 to 16 weeks old and weighing 220 to 350 g, were used. They were all subjected to hepatic ischemia by occlusion of the hepatic artery and portal vein for 45 minutes and reperfusion was followed for 60, 120, and 240 minutes. Apigenin was administrated intraperitoneally. Liver tissues were used for the detection of apoptosis by TUNEL assay and caspase 3 antibodies. Expression analysis of Fas/FasL genes was evaluated by real time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression analysis of Fas and FasL genes was increasing during reperfusion (significantly in the group of 240 minutes of reperfusion). It was in the same group that apigenin decreased Fas receptor levels and inhibited apoptosis as confirmed by TUNEL assay and caspase 3 antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of apigenin in the Fas/FasL mediated pathway of apoptosis, in the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, seem to have a protective result on the hepatic cell.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece ; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Evanthia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Tsalkidou
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece ; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandra K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tsaroucha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Ekaterini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chatzaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambropoulou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6109-9185
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papachristou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trypsianis
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece ; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitiakoudis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaos
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece ; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D052096:Warm Ischemia; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D019014:fas Receptor; D047310:Apigenin; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;119(3):493-501
references.pmid: 1400587
references.citation: Hepatology. 2006 Feb;43(2 Suppl 1):S31-44
references.pmid: 16447272
references.citation: J Pathol. 2001 Apr;193(4):546-56
references.pmid: 11276016
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2006 May 1;70(2):181-90
references.pmid: 16580655
references.citation: Ann Surg. 1989 Feb;209(2):211-8
references.pmid: 2916865
references.citation: Oncogene. 1997 Sep 25;15(13):1573-81
references.pmid: 9380409
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Apr;26(4):474-80
references.pmid: 12673028
references.citation: Am J Surg. 1992 Jun;163(6):602-5
references.pmid: 1595841
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Jun;134(2):135-40
references.pmid: 15153793
references.citation: Annu Rev Nutr. 1996;16:33-50
references.pmid: 8839918
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2006 Dec;12(12):1869-79
references.pmid: 17133584
references.citation: J Surg Res. 2008 Jun 1;147(1):153-9
references.pmid: 17707862
references.citation: J Surg Res. 2007 May 1;139(1):143-56
references.pmid: 17257621
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Aug;18(8):891-902
references.pmid: 12859717
references.citation: Cancer. 1994 Apr 15;73(8):2013-26
references.pmid: 8156506
references.citation: J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 1998;5(4):402-8
references.pmid: 9931389
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1):G1-6
references.pmid: 9886971
references.citation: Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Jun;35(4):495-516
references.pmid: 17562483
references.citation: Hepatogastroenterology. 1999 Jun;46 Suppl 2:1482-4
references.pmid: 10431709
references.citation: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Jan;284(1):G15-26
references.pmid: 12488232
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):1165-94
references.pmid: 20664081
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5B):4297-303
references.pmid: 10628390
references.citation: J Assoc Physicians India. 2004 Oct;52:794-804
references.pmid: 15909857
references.citation: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2003 Jul;69(1):73-7
references.pmid: 12878454