title: [The relationship between the movement type during retracting the anterior teeth and the external apical root resorption and its evaluation methods].
abstract: External apical root resorption was a common phenomenon associated with orthodontic treatment. The reported incidence ranged from 0% to 100%. It was caused by several factors, which could be mainly divided into biological and mechanical aspects. Biological factors included genetic susceptibility, systemic diseases, gender and medication intake. Mechanical factors consisted of the magnitude of orthodontic force, force type and duration, types of tooth movement, as well as excessive tooth movement. This review discussed the relationship between the movement type during retracting the anterior teeth and the external apical root resorption and its evaluation methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Shanghai 200011, China.E-mail:yangxue20070436@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012391:Root Resorption; D014070:Tooth; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques