title: The mini mental state examination at the time of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders diagnosis, according to age, education, gender and place of residence: a cross-sectional study among the French National Alzheimer database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  was firstly to describe the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) score upon initial diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders among the French population, according to age. Secondly, education, gender and place of residence were studied as factors potentially associated with delayed Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  we conducted a cross sectional analysis of the French National Alzheimer database (BNA). Data from 2008 to 2012 were extracted. Patients were selected at the moment of their first diagnosis of AD (n = 39,451).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMSE score at initial diagnosis dropped significantly with increasing age. The test score increased with the degree of educational background regardless of age. Gender and place of residence were significantly related to the MMSE score, women and persons living in medical institutions having lower MMSE scores under the age of 90 years and at all educational levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health care professionals should be aware of these risk factors in order to maximize chances of earliest possible diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital and University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Nice University Hospital Nice, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakarovitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital and University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Duff
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Nice University Hospital Nice, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Layese
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital and University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Asya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metelkina
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital and University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital and University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; CoBTeK Research Unit, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tifratene
authors.affiliation: CoBTeK Research Unit, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Memory Center - CMRR, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics
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