title: Juvenile hormone prevents 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced metamorphosis by regulating the phosphorylation of a newly identified broad protein.
abstract: The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) initiates insect molting and metamorphosis. By contrast, juvenile hormone (JH) prevents metamorphosis. However, the mechanism by which JH inhibits metamorphosis remains unclear. In this study, we propose that JH induces the phosphorylation of Broad isoform Z7 (BrZ7), a newly identified protein, to inhibit 20E-mediated metamorphosis in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. The knockdown of BrZ7 in larvae inhibited metamorphosis by repressing the expression of the 20E response gene. BrZ7 was weakly expressed and phosphorylated during larval growth but highly expressed and non-phosphorylated during metamorphosis. JH regulated the rapid phosphorylation of BrZ7 via a G-protein-coupled receptor-, phospholipase C-, and protein kinase C-triggered pathway. The phosphorylated BrZ7 bound to the 5'-regulatory region of calponin to regulate its expression in the JH pathway. Exogenous JH induced BrZ7 phosphorylation to prevent metamorphosis by suppressing 20E-related gene transcription. JH promoted non-phosphorylated calponin interacting with ultraspiracle protein to activate the JH pathway and antagonize the 20E pathway. This study reveals one of the possible mechanisms by which JH counteracts 20E-regulated metamorphosis by inducing the phosphorylation of BrZ7.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Juan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China. Electronic address: xfzhao@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fan
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004441:Ecdysterone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development*; D010571:Pest Control; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004441:Ecdysterone
keywords: Broad; Development; Endocrinology; Gene Regulation; Insect; Juvenile Hormone; Metamorphosis; Non-genomic Pathway; Phosphorylation; Transcription Factor
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