title: Diphenyl diselenide and sodium selenite associated with chemotherapy in experimental toxoplasmosis: influence on oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers and cytokine modulation.
abstract: SUMMARY The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (ST) supplemented with diphenyl diselenide and sodium selenite in experimental toxoplasmosis, on oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers and cytokine levels. Eighty-four BALB/c mice were divided in seven groups: group A (negative control), and groups B to G (infected). Blood and liver samples were collected on days 4 and 20 post infection (p.i.). Levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were assessed in liver samples. Both biomarkers were significantly increased in infected groups on day 4 p.i., while they were reduced on day 20 p.i., compared with group A. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity significantly (P<0·01) increased on day 4 p.i., in group G, compared with group A. INF-γ was significantly increased (P<0·001) in both periods, day 4 (groups B, C, F and G) and 20 p.i. (groups C, F and G). IL-10 significantly reduced (P<0·001) on day 4 p.i. in group B; however, in the same period, it was increased (P<0·001) in groups C and G, compared with group A. On day 20 p.i., IL-10 increased (P<0·001) in groups F and G. Therefore, our results highlighted that these forms of selenium, associated with the chemotherapy, were able to reduce lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, providing a beneficial immunological balance between the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleber F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tonin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science,Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina,Brazil.
authors.forename: Aleksandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: De Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Danieli U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Emily P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Waczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC,Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camillo
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC,Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Faccio
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC,Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Tonin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolkmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA,Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta M M F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia T A
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria,Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: De La Rue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D016877:Oxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D018038:Sodium Selenite