title: Fair sampling perspective on an apparent violation of duality.
abstract: In the event in which a quantum mechanical particle can pass from an initial state to a final state along two possible paths, the duality principle states that "the simultaneous observation of wave and particle behavior is prohibited" [Scully MO, Englert B-G, Walther H (1991) Nature 351:111-116]. Whereas wave behavior is associated with the observation of interference fringes, particle behavior generally corresponds to the acquisition of which-path information by means of coupling the paths to a measuring device or part of their environment. In this paper, we show how the consequences of duality change when allowing for biased sampling, that is, postselected measurements on specific degrees of freedom of the environment of the two-path state. Our work gives insight into a possible mechanism for obtaining simultaneous high which-path information and high-visibility fringes in a single experiment. Further, our results introduce previously unidentified avenues for experimental tests of duality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; eliot.bolduc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bolduc
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5;
authors.forename: Filippo M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Miatto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leuchs
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627; and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Boyd
keywords: decoherence; double-slit experiment; wave-particle complementarity
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