title: Improved signal to noise ratio and sensitivity of an infrared imaging video bolometer on large helical device by using an infrared periscope.
abstract: An Infrared imaging Video Bolometer (IRVB) diagnostic is currently being used in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for studying the localization of radiation structures near the magnetic island and helical divertor X-points during plasma detachment and for 3D tomography. This research demands high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity to improve the temporal resolution for studying the evolution of radiation structures during plasma detachment and a wide IRVB field of view (FoV) for tomography. Introduction of an infrared periscope allows achievement of a higher SNR and higher sensitivity, which in turn, permits a twofold improvement in the temporal resolution of the diagnostic. Higher SNR along with wide FoV is achieved simultaneously by reducing the separation of the IRVB detector (metal foil) from the bolometer's aperture and the LHD plasma. Altering the distances to meet the aforesaid requirements results in an increased separation between the foil and the IR camera. This leads to a degradation of the diagnostic performance in terms of its sensitivity by 1.5-fold. Using an infrared periscope to image the IRVB foil results in a 7.5-fold increase in the number of IR camera pixels imaging the foil. This improves the IRVB sensitivity which depends on the square root of the number of IR camera pixels being averaged per bolometer channel. Despite the slower f-number (f/# = 1.35) and reduced transmission (τ0 = 89%, due to an increased number of lens elements) for the periscope, the diagnostic with an infrared periscope operational on LHD has improved in terms of sensitivity and SNR by a factor of 1.4 and 4.5, respectively, as compared to the original diagnostic without a periscope (i.e., IRVB foil being directly imaged by the IR camera through conventional optics). The bolometer's field of view has also increased by two times. The paper discusses these improvements in apt details.
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Plasma Physics Research Division, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
authors.forename: Shwetang N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
authors.forename: Byron J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: High Temperature Plasma Physics Research Division, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: GENESIA Corporation, 3-38-4-601 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enokuchi
authors.affiliation: GENESIA Corporation, 3-38-4-601 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeyama