title: Molecular pathogenesis of bone metastases in breast cancer: Proven and emerging therapeutic targets.
abstract: Metastatic occurrence is the principal cause of death in breast cancer patients. The high osteotropism makes breast cancer the most common primary tumor type associated with metastatic bone disease. The peculiar clinical aspects associated with metastases limited to the skeletal system suggest considering these cases as a distinctive subset of metastatic patients with a better prognosis. Because bone is frequently the first metastatic site in disease relapse, it is feasible that the next improvement in therapeutic options for bone metastatic disease could be associated with an improvement of survival expectation and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Study of the molecular basis of bone remodeling and breast cancer osteotropism has allowed identification of several therapeutic candidates involved in formation and progression of bone metastases. These targets are frequently the determinants of positive feedback between the tumor and bone cells whose clinical outcome is osteolytic lesions. In this review, we discuss the physiopathologic features underlying targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with the aberrant bone remodeling associated with breast cancer metastases.
authors.affiliation: Nadia Rucci, Patrizia Sanità, Simona Delle Monache, Edoardo Alesse, Adriano Angelucci, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.affiliation: Nadia Rucci, Patrizia Sanità, Simona Delle Monache, Edoardo Alesse, Adriano Angelucci, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanità
authors.affiliation: Nadia Rucci, Patrizia Sanità, Simona Delle Monache, Edoardo Alesse, Adriano Angelucci, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delle Monache
authors.affiliation: Nadia Rucci, Patrizia Sanità, Simona Delle Monache, Edoardo Alesse, Adriano Angelucci, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alesse
authors.affiliation: Nadia Rucci, Patrizia Sanità, Simona Delle Monache, Edoardo Alesse, Adriano Angelucci, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelucci
keywords: Bone metastasis; Breast cancer; Osteoclasts; Targeted therapy
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