title: Physicochemical Characterization of Simulated Welding Fume from a Spark Discharge System.
abstract: This study introduces spark discharge system (SDS) as a way to simulate welding fumes. The SDS was developed using welding rods as electrodes with an optional coagulation chamber. The size, morphology, composition, and concentration of the fume produced and the concentration of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were characterized. The number median diameter (NMD) and total number concentration (TNC) of fresh fume particles were ranged 10-23 nm and 3.1×107-6×107particles/cm3, respectively. For fresh fume particles, the total mass concentration (TMC) measured gravimetrically ranged 85-760 μg/m3. The size distribution was stable over a period of 12 h. The NMD and TNC of aged fume particles were ranged 81-154 nm and 1.5×106-2.7×106particles/cm3, respectively. The composition of the aged fume particles was dominated by Fe and O with an estimated stoichiometry between that of Fe2O3and Fe3O4. Concentrations of O3and NOXwere ranged 0.07-2.2 ppm and 1-20 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that the SDS is capable of producing stable fumes over a long-period that are similar to actual welding fumes. This system may be useful in toxicological studies and evaluation of instrumentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Imali A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Mudunkotuwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada ; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Jong Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stanam
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA ; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA ; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Vicki H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Grassian
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA ; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Peters
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