title: Anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract from Erigeron Canadensis L. may be involved with upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and suppression of NFκB and MAPKs activation in macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we determined the anti-inflammatory activities and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract from Erigeron Canadensis L. (ECM) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The potential anti-inflammatory properties of ECM were investigated by using RAW264.7 macrophages. We used western blot assays and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Luciferase assays were performed to determine the transactivity of transcription factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ECM significantly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These inhibitory effects of ECM were accompanied by decreases in LPS-induced nuclear translocations and transactivities of NFκB. Moreover, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was significantly suppressed by ECM in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further studies demonstrated that ECM by itself induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression at the protein levels in dose-dependent manner. However, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a selective HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the ECM-induced suppression of NO production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that ECM-induced HO-1 expression was partly responsible for the resulting anti-inflammatory effects. These findings suggest that ECM exerts anti-inflammatory actions and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic values of Erigeron Canadensis L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeehye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Misun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Younghwa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeonmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Heon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Junsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Erigeron Canadensis L.; NFκB; anti-inflammation; heme oxygenase-1; nitric oxide
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 May;55:257-64
references.pmid: 23352929
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 22;274(43):30858-63
references.pmid: 10521478
references.citation: Endocr Rev. 2001 Apr;22(2):153-83
references.pmid: 11294822
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Apr 4;110(3):490-7
references.pmid: 17112694
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Aug 1;84(3):331-40
references.pmid: 22564908
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 31;144(1):145-50
references.pmid: 22971898
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Jan;243(1-2):153-60
references.pmid: 12619901
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;10(4):1498-506
references.pmid: 2181276
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Feb 16;133(3):1008-14
references.pmid: 21094244
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Aug 1;49(3):323-31
references.pmid: 20430097
references.citation: Cell Signal. 1999 Jul;11(7):491-7
references.pmid: 10405759
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2008 Jul 9;582(16):2407-12
references.pmid: 18544347
references.citation: ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:489646
references.pmid: 23049473
references.citation: Arch Pharm Res. 2012 Mar;35(4):739-46
references.pmid: 22553068
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 May-Jun;234-235(1-2):249-63
references.pmid: 12162441
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 May;49(5):1047-55
references.pmid: 21272610
references.citation: Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(10):1566-71
references.pmid: 21963496
references.citation: Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Oct;23(7):1215-9
references.pmid: 19665545
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1986 May 22;89(2):271-7
references.pmid: 3486233
references.citation: Arch Pharm Res. 2007 May;30(5):547-51
references.pmid: 17615671
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Oct 5;131(3):550-4
references.pmid: 20656003
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Apr 21;122(3):473-7
references.pmid: 19429315
references.citation: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002 Dec;50(12):1558-60
references.pmid: 12499589
references.citation: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Sep;34(2):315-323
references.pmid: 22683523
references.citation: Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Jul;13(3):271-9
references.pmid: 22564506
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 31;144(1):109-17
references.pmid: 22974544
references.citation: Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Dec;9(13-14):1578-84
references.pmid: 19800419
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Oct 8;56(19):8911-8
references.pmid: 18783239
references.citation: Biomed Mater. 2006 Mar;1(1):R1-9
references.pmid: 18458376
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 10;274(37):26071-8
references.pmid: 10473555
references.citation: Thromb Res. 2011 Apr;127(4):328-40
references.pmid: 21172723