title: A preliminary study of the relationship between promoter methylation of the ABCG1, GALNT2 and HMGCR genes and coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of ABCG1, GALNT2 and HMGCR genes promoter DNA methylation with coronary heart disease (CHD) and explore the interaction between their methylation status and the CHD patients' clinical characteristics in Han Chinese population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) technology was used to examine the role of the aberrant gene promoter methylation in CHD in Han Chinese population. A total of 85 CHD patients and 54 participants without CHD confirmed by angiography were recruited. 82.8% of the participants with ABCG1 gene promoter hypermethylation have CHD, while only 17.4% of the participants without hypermethylation have it. The average age of the participants with GALNT2 gene promoter hypermethylation is 62.10 ± 8.21, while that of the participants without hypermethylation is 57.28 ± 9.87; in the former group, 75.4% of the participants have CHD, compared to only 50% in the latter group. As for the HMGCR gene, the average age of the participants with promoter hypermethylation is 63.24 ± 8.10 and that of the participants without hypermethylation is 57.79 ± 9.55; its promoter hypermethylation is likely to be related to smoking. Our results indicated a significant statistical association of promoter methylation of the ABCG1 gene with increased risk of CHD (OR = 19.966; 95% CI, 7.319-54.468; P*<0.001; P*: adjusted for age, gender, smoking, lipid level, hypertension, and diabetes). Similar results were obtained for that of the GALNT2 gene (OR = 2.978; 95% CI, 1.335-6.646; P* = 0.008), but not of HMGCR gene (OR = 1.388; 95% CI, 0.572-3.371; P*  = 0.469).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work provides evidence to support the association of promoter DNA methylation status with the risk profile of CHD. Our data indicates that promoter DNA hypermethylation of the ABCG1 and GALNT2 genes, but not the HMGCR gene, is associated with an increased risk of CHD. CHD, smoking and aging are likely to be the important factors influencing DNA hypermethylation.
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jiangfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D000097763:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
chemical_list: D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D015415:Biomarkers; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases; D000097763:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; C419353:ABCG1 protein, human; C553220:HMGCR protein, human
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