title: Analysis of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid residues in raw ducks and cooked ducks.
abstract: Rosin was once widely used for removal of duck feathers in China and is still being used secretly in some poultry processing enterprises. Abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) are the major compounds of rosin. In the present study, 90 duck samples were collected for investigation of AA and DHAA residues. Abietic acid and DHAA were simultaneously detected in 13 out 40 raw ducks, 8 out of 26 water-boiled salted ducks, and 7 out of 24 roasted ducks, respectively. In positive samples, averages of AA were significantly higher than those of DHAA in positive samples of the 3 types of ducks (P < 0.05). Averages of AA and DHAA in positive raw ducks were significantly higher than those in positive roasted ducks (P < 0.05). The results indicated that almost one-third of raw ducks were defeathered by means of rosin-containing defeathering agent, and cooking processes could reduce the AA and DHAA residues to some extent, but could not eliminate them completely.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yongzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Suzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Daoying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Muhan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003296:Cooking; D004372:Ducks; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; C013913:dehydroabietic acid; C023710:abietic acid
keywords: abietic acid; defeathering; dehydroabietic acid; duck; high-performance liquid chromatography