title: Klotho: a novel biomarker for cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Klotho gene was originally identified as an anti-aging gene in 1997. Recent studies have demonstrated aberrant expression of Klotho in a number of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search focusing on dysregulation of Klotho and its possible mechanisms in cancer was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Downregulation of Klotho was found in several cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, HCC, and other tumors. Epigenetic modulation, such as promoter methylation and histone deacetylation, also contributed to the dysregulation of Klotho in cancers. Downregulation of Klotho resulted in promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of cancer cells. The relevant mechanisms include the fibroblast growth factor signaling, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the Klotho protein hopefully provides new insights into cancer target treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins
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