title: Emerging urinary markers of renal injury in obstructive nephropathy.
abstract: The effects of obstruction on renal function are the consequence of many factors that profoundly alter all components of glomerular function. Besides the acute effects on glomerular filtration rate and tubule function, a chronic obstruction induces tubular and interstitial injury that results from the activation of different pathways. The progression of tubulointerstitial injury leads to chronic renal damage characterized by tubular atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis. Obstructive nephropathy is an evolving disease in which the renal damage continues even after relief of the obstruction. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the time of relief is the most important factor in predicting long-term renal function deterioration. In this setting, the EGF/MCP-1 ratio, urinary NGAL, and urinary KIM-1 are useful early biomarkers of progressive renal damage and could have a potential role in predicting the long-term renal outcome. This minireview summarizes the role of these emerging urinary biomarkers of obstructive nephropathy based on the current understanding of the pathophysiology of renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7807-1229
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3050-8748
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Galleggiante
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutigliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vavallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7718-7676
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ditonno
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000652:urine; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000652:urine; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor
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