title: Characteristics of printing company workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholangiocarcinoma has been reported in workers exposed to chlorinated organic solvents and has consequently been classified as an occupational disease (occupational cholangiocarcinoma) by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of nine workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective study conducted in 13 hospitals and three universities. Clinicopathological findings of nine occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients from seven printing companies in Japan were investigated and compared with 17 cholangiocarcinoma patients clustered in a single printing company in Osaka.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age at diagnosis was 31-57 years. Patients were exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane and/or dichloromethane. Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was elevated in all patients. Regional dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts without tumor-induced obstruction was observed in two patients. Four patients developed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and five developed hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct was observed in four patients with available operative or autopsy specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of these patients with occupational cholangiocarcinoma exhibited typical findings, including high serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, regional dilatation of the bile ducts, and precancerous lesions, similar to findings previously reported in 17 occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients in Osaka.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. m7696493@msic.med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Shigekazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinkawa
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Genya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Tokuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abue
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unno
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hijioka
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiyoshi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishie
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobarai
authors.forename: Terumasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisano
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Numao
authors.forename: Mayura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwae
authors.forename: Yasuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanuma
authors.forename: Ginji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011327:Printing; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
keywords: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase · Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia · Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct · Occupational cholangiocarcinoma · Organic solvent