title: Functional specificity in the motor system: Evidence from coupled fMRI and kinematic recordings during letter and digit writing.
abstract: A few intriguing neuropsychologial studies report dissociations where agraphic patients are severely impaired for writing letters whereas they write digits nearly normally. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with graphic tablet recordings, we tested the hypothesis that the motor patterns for writing letters are coded in specific regions of the cortex. We found a set of three regions that were more strongly activated when participants wrote letters than when they wrote digits and whose response was not explained by low-level kinematic features of the graphic movements. Two of these regions (left dorsal premotor cortex and supplementary motor complex) are part of a motor control network. The left premotor activation belongs to what is considered in the literature a key area for handwriting. Another significant activation, likely related to phoneme-to-grapheme conversion, was found in the right anterior insula. This constitutes the first neuroimaging evidence of functional specificity derived from experience in the cortical motor system.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, LNC UMR 7291, FR 3C FR 3512, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longcamp
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagarrigue
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.forename: Francois-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Alario
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Velay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: domain-specific functional response; fMRI; kinematic parameters; writing
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