title: Development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The narcissistic personality is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, and low empathy. This paper describes the development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). Although the use of longer instruments is superior in most circumstances, we recommend the SINS in some circumstances (e.g. under serious time constraints, online studies).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 11 independent studies (total N = 2,250), we demonstrate the SINS' psychometric properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SINS is significantly correlated with longer narcissism scales, but uncorrelated with self-esteem. It also has high test-retest reliability. We validate the SINS in a variety of samples (e.g., undergraduates, nationally representative adults), intrapersonal correlates (e.g., positive affect, depression), and interpersonal correlates (e.g., aggression, relationship quality, prosocial behavior). The SINS taps into the more fragile and less desirable components of narcissism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SINS can be a useful tool for researchers, especially when it is important to measure narcissism with constraints preventing the use of longer measures.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konrath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: School of Communication & Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America; VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Brad J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bushman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009289:Narcissism; D009341:Negativism; D009862:Online Systems; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
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