title: A new in vitro method to detect growth and ochratoxin A-producing ability of multiple fungal species commonly found in food commodities.
abstract: The aim of the study was to develop a new screening method to detect growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by multiple fungi growing in a small quantity of culture media, using microtiter plates. Eight ochratoxigenic species were included in the study. The strains were inoculated in sterile 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates containing Yeast Extract Sucrose broth and Czapek Yeast Extract broth and incubated at 25 °C. Growth was daily monitored by absorbance measurements for 4 days and extended to 7 and 10 days for Penicillium spp. The entire experiment was repeated twice on different days. On each sampling time, five of the seven replicate wells inoculated for each strain and culture media were randomly selected and the content of each well was removed, extracted and injected into the HPLC. No statistically significant differences were observed for absorbance and OTA values, neither between replicates nor between experiments. Quantifiable OTA levels were detected after 48 h of incubation in Aspergillus alliaceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger, after 72 h in Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus steynii and Aspergillus westerdijkiae and after 7 days in Penicillium nordicum and Penicillium verrucosum. The method offers the necessary tools for a rapid detection of growth and OTA production avoiding the use of plate cultures and can be very useful when many fungal isolates need to be screened.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Electronic address: Lourdes.Abarca@uab.cat.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Abarca
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bragulat
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cabañes
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A
keywords: Aspergillus; Growth detection; Inoculum standardization; OTA-producing ability; Ochratoxin A; Penicillium; Screening method; Spectrophotometric measurement of growth