title: Chemical renal denervation by vincristine: the role of the flow rate of delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vincristine has been proven promising regarding its safety and efficacy for the renal artery denervation both in experimental models and in humans. The aim of the study was to compare in an experimental model the efficacy of constant versus random flow rate delivery of vincristine on renal sympathetic denervation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 10 juvenile Landrace swine. After the introduction of a 7F sheath into the femoral artery, a guide wire was advanced into the distal part of the renal artery. Then the first delivery balloon catheter, which delivers vincristine in random flow rate, was advanced at the proximal part of the artery, and the balloon was inflated in order to locally deliver vincristine to the media of the renal artery. The process was repeated in the contralateral renal artery, with the use of the double balloon catheter that delivers vincristine with a constant flow rate. Euthanasia of the animals was performed at 28 days. All sections were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The delivery of vincristine with both catheters was successful and uncomplicated. Immunohistochemistry showed that the mean number of intact nerves in all sections was significantly lower in the group of vincristine delivered with constant flow catheter compared to the group that the delivery was performed in a random fashion. (1.48 ± 0.37 vs. 1.70 ± 0.41, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical renal denervation with vincristine by a constant flow rate catheter is more effective compared to the denervation performed by a catheter that delivers vincristine in a random fashion.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, 9 Tepeleniou str., Paleo Psychico, 15452, Athens, Greece, chstefan@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Synetos
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsioufis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drakopoulou
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsiamis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agrogiannis
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D013552:Swine; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical / Q000379:methods*; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine