title: Viability of intraoperative auditory steady state responses during intracranial surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For intraoperative monitoring of auditory nerve function, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) analysis may be an alternative to brain stem auditory evoked potentials, offering frequency specificity and short detection times. Clinical studies investigating the viability of ASSR under total intravenous anesthesia have not been performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  During craniotomy under total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil in 20 patients, ASSR were recorded. An additional control patient undergoing cerebellopontine angle surgery was included, in whom the auditory nerve could not be preserved. One-minute sinus tones (500, 1,000, 2,000 Hz) were applied with 60-, 70-, and 80-decibel hearing level. Stimuli were amplitude modulated with 40, 90, or 110 Hz and applied monaurally to the left and right ears. Time to detect a significant response and response amplitudes at 40, 90, or 110 Hz in the evoked EEG spectra was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 90-Hz ASSR were successfully detected in all 20 patients, 110 Hz in 18 patients, and 40 Hz in 14 patients after a median of 10 seconds. No ASSR could be detected in the control patient at the end of the surgical procedure. Time-to-significance and ASSR amplitudes were influenced by stimulus intensity, carrier, and modulation frequency (Scheirer-Ray-Hare test, P < 0.005). Ipsilateral responses were higher than contralateral (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, 90- and 110-Hz ASSR can be reliably detected under total intravenous anesthesia. Our results are in line with those from previous studies in awake patients. Auditory steady-state response during anesthesia may enable intraoperative frequency-specific audiometry and monitoring of the auditory nerve.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Neurosurgery and †Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rampp
authors.forename: Leonhard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rensch
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simmermacher
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahne
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prell
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult