title: Wireless EEG with individualized channel layout enables efficient motor imagery training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study compared two channel-reduction approaches in order to investigate the effects of systematic motor imagery (MI) neurofeedback practice in an everyday environment using a very user-friendly EEG system consisting of individualized caps and highly portable hardware.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen BCI novices were trained over four consecutive days to imagine left and right hand movements while receiving feedback. The most informative bipolar channels for use on the subsequent days were identified on the first day for each individual based on a high-density online MI recording.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Online classification accuracy on the first day was 85.1% on average (range: 64.7-97.7%). Offline an individually-selected bipolar channel pair based on common spatial patterns significantly outperformed a pair informed by independent component analysis and a standard 10-20 pair. From day 2 to day 4 online MI accuracy increased significantly (day 2: 69.1%; day 4: 73.3%), which was mostly caused by a reduction in ipsilateral event-related desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that systematic MI practice in an everyday environment with a user-friendly EEG system results in MI learning effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings help to bridge the gap between elaborate laboratory studies with healthy participants and efficient home or hospital based MI neurofeedback protocols.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address: catharina.zich@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zich
authors.affiliation: Methods in Neurocognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Neurosensory Science Research Group, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Vos
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Neurosensory Science Research Group, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kranczioch
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Neurosensory Science Research Group, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debener
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain–computer interface; Electrode reduction; Mobile EEG; Motor imagery