title: Environmental perchlorate exposure: potential adverse thyroid effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review will present a general overview of the sources, human studies, and proposed regulatory action regarding environmental perchlorate exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some recent studies have reported significant associations between urinary perchlorate concentrations, thyroid dysfunction, and decreased infant intelligence quotient in groups who would be particularly susceptible to perchlorate effects. An update regarding the recently proposed regulatory actions and potential costs surrounding amelioration of perchlorate contamination is provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential adverse thyroidal effects of environmental perchlorate exposure remain controversial, and further research is needed to further define its relationship to human health among pregnant and lactating women and their infants.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California bSection of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Lewis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Braverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D014881:Water Supply / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010472:Perchlorates
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