title: Discounting of medicines in Australian community pharmacies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are many medicines listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in which point of sale price is less than the level of the general patient co-payment. In these circumstances, the patient covers the total cost of the medicine from their own pocket with no government subsidy. The aim of the present study was to compare the consumer prices of under general co-payment prescription medicines between banner group pharmacies with open discounting policies and community pharmacies without; and to assess the impact of the April 2012 PBS price disclosure policies on the discounts offered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The consumer prices of 31 under co-payment medicines were collected from banner group pharmacy websites and individual pharmacies both before and after April 2012. PBS maximum prices were obtained from the PBS website. Absolute and relative price differences between PBS and pharmacy groups were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before April 2012, banner group pharmacies provided discounts to patients of around 40% per prescription, whereas other pharmacies provided discounts of around 15%. Total price savings were on average $9 per prescription at banner group pharmacies and $3.50 at other pharmacies. Percentage discounts did not change greatly after April 2012, when price decreases occurred on the PBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Banner group pharmacies with pricing strategies are able to provide greater discounts to patients compared with other pharmacies. Community pharmacies still have the ability to provide substantial discounts after the April 2012 price reductions. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC?: There is currently little known about the under co-payment medicines market in Australia and the price discounts available to patients. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD?: This research shows that patients who purchase under co-payment medicines are able to save money if they purchase from pharmacies with openly advertised discounting policies. Price reductions related to the implementation of the price disclosure policy had a small effect on the discounts offered by community pharmacies to patients. WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS FOR PRACTITIONERS?: The effect of discounting on under co-payment medicines to patients may increase their ability to afford essential medicines. Questions remain on whether the effect of discounting on under co-payment medicines may affect the quality of professional services provided to patients by pharmacists.
authors.affiliation: Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001. Australia. Email:
authors.forename: Loc P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.affiliation: Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001. Australia. Email:
authors.forename: Agnes I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vitry
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Email:
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003669:Deductibles and Coinsurance; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000191:economics*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs