title: Protective effect of proanthocyanidins on anoxia-reoxygenation injury of myocardial cells mediated by the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effect of proanthocyanidins anoxia-reoxygenation injury of myocardial cells and its association with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (PI3K/Akt/GSK)-3β and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Neonatal rat myocardial cells were cultured and an anoxia-reoxygenation model was established following pretreatment with various drugs. The experiment was divided into five groups according to an experimental scheme. An MTT assay was used to examine the cell survival, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Myocardial apoptosis was also examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression levels of caspase-3, p-Akt and p-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β. The results revealed that myocardial cells in the anoxia-reoxygenation group (A/R) exhibited reduced survival rates, increased ROS levels and enhanced caspase-3 expression, as compared with the control group (CN; P<0.05). However, the increase in p-Akt and p-GSK-3β expression was not significantly different. In the proanthocyanidin pretreatment group (PC) the myocardial cell survival rate was increased, ROS levels were reduced, caspase-3 expression was decreased and p-Akt and p-GSK-3β expression levels were significantly increased as compared with the A/R group (P<0.05). Blockade of the PIK3/Akt channel by LY294002 eliminated the protective effects of proanthocyanidins and induced a significant decrease in p-Akt protein and p-GSK-3β expression levels as compared with the PC group. The inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels, 5-HD, also significantly suppressed the protective effects of proanthocyanidins, but had no evident impact on p-Akt and p-GSK-3β expression as compared with the PC group. In conclusion, pretreatment with proanthocyanidins had a protective effect on rat myocardial cell anoxia/reoxygenation injury. This effect is associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway and the opening of mitoKATP channels, which may have important roles downstream of PI3K.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Beian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D009025:Morpholines; D010100:Oxygen; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D015221:Potassium Channels; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D020011:Protective Agents; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; C013221:proanthocyanidin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat