title: Preliminary study on tubuloglomerular dysfunction and evidence of renal inflammation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a re-emerging zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are inflammation biomarkers that have never been investigated in VL. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between renal abnormalities and inflammation biomarkers in VL. This study is a preliminary prospective study with 16 VL adult patients evaluated before treatment compared with a group of 13 healthy volunteers and 5 VL patients evaluated after treatment. Urinary concentration and acidification tests were performed. MCP-1 and MDA were quantified in urine. Urinary concentration deficit was found in all VL patients before (100%) and four VL patients after (80%) treatment. Urinary acidification deficit was found in nine cases before (56.2%) and two cases after (40%) treatment. Urinary MCP-1 (374 ± 359 versus 42 ± 29 pg/mg creatinine, P = 0.002) as well as urinary MDA (5.4 ± 2.6 versus 2.0 ± 0.8 μmol/mL) showed significant differences between VL patients and controls. These data show that VL patients present urinary concentration and acidification deficit, which can persist even after specific treatment. Urinary MCP-1 and MDA are elevated in patients with VL, which suggests renal inflammation and incipient renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michelle J C
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geraldo B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme A L
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hermano A L
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gdayllon C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Meneses
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alice M C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Medicine, Master in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; São José Infectious Disease Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil ef.daher@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Elizabeth F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Daher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000469:parasitology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000652:urine; D008536:Meglumine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate
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