title: Detection of a novel mechanism of acousto-optic modulation of incoherent light.
abstract: A novel form of acoustic modulation of light from an incoherent source has been detected in water as well as in turbid media. We demonstrate that patterns of modulated light intensity appear to propagate as the optical shadow of the density variations caused by ultrasound within an illuminated ultrasonic focal zone. This pattern differs from previous reports of acousto-optical interactions that produce diffraction effects that rely on phase shifts and changes in light directions caused by the acoustic modulation. Moreover, previous studies of acousto-optic interactions have mainly reported the effects of sound on coherent light sources via photon tagging, and/or the production of diffraction phenomena from phase effects that give rise to discrete sidebands. We aimed to assess whether the effects of ultrasound modulation of the intensity of light from an incoherent light source could be detected directly, and how the acoustically modulated (AOM) light signal depended on experimental parameters. Our observations suggest that ultrasound at moderate intensities can induce sufficiently large density variations within a uniform medium to cause measurable modulation of the intensity of an incoherent light source by absorption. Light passing through a region of high intensity ultrasound then produces a pattern that is the projection of the density variations within the region of their interaction. The patterns exhibit distinct maxima and minima that are observed at locations much different from those predicted by Raman-Nath, Bragg, or other diffraction theory. The observed patterns scaled appropriately with the geometrical magnification and sound wavelength. We conclude that these observed patterns are simple projections of the ultrasound induced density changes which cause spatial and temporal variations of the optical absorption within the illuminated sound field. These effects potentially provide a novel method for visualizing sound fields and may assist the interpretation of other hybrid imaging methods.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Caskey
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gore
mesh_terms: D008027:Light; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water
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