title: Stimulation of neural differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields incorporated with MNPs.
abstract: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) have been investigated as a new cell-therapeutic solution due to their capacity that could differentiate into neural-like cells. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) therapy has emerged as a novel technique, using mechanical stimulus to differentiate hBM-MSCs and significantly enhance neuronal differentiation to affect cellular and molecular reactions. Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) have recently achieved widespread use for biomedical applications and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-labeled nanoparticles are used to increase their circulation time, aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, and nonspecific cellular uptake as well as to decrease immunogenicity. Many studies have used MNP-labeled cells for differentiation, but there have been no reports of MNP-labeled neural differentiation combined with EMFs. In this study, synthesized PEG-phospholipid encapsulated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are used on hBM-MSCs to improve their intracellular uptake. The PEGylated nanoparticles were exposed to the cells under 50 Hz of EMFs to improve neural differentiation. First, we measured cell viability and intracellular iron content in hBM-MSCs after treatment with MNPs. Analysis was conducted by RT-PCR, and immunohistological analysis using neural cell type-specific genes and antibodies after exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields. These results suggest that electromagnetic fields enhance neural differentiation in hBM-MSCs incorporated with MNPs and would be an effective method for differentiating neural cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Kyong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Functional Nanohybrid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Heon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Advanced Functional Nanohybrid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.|Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Keug
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea. dr.hjcho@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D012997:Solvents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols