title: Protein kinase Cι is a new prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein kinase Cι (PKCι) is an important oncogenic K-ras effector, and its expression is correlated with tumor angiogenesis. The role of PKCι in gastric cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of PKCι in gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. The expression of PKCι mRNA was determined, as were the clinicopathological factors. The patients were divided into PKCι high and low expression groups. The 5-year survival rate, ERK mRNA level and VEGF mRNA level were compared between the two groups. The prognostic factors were investigated by a multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High expression of PKCι was observed to be associated with a lack of differentiation, tumor invasion ≥muscularis propria≤, stage III and IV disease and peritoneal dissemination. The 5-year survival rate in the PKCι high group was lower than that in the PKCι low group. The multivariate analysis revealed that a high expression level of PKCι was an independent prognostic factor. The expression levels of ERK and VEGF in the PKCι high group were higher than those in the PKCι low group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that PKCι is correlated with tumor progression and angiogenesis. PKCι may be a new prognostic factor for gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan, kashihara@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashihara
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyatani
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011379:Prognosis; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000097:blood*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000099293:Protein Kinase C-lambda
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000099293:Protein Kinase C-lambda
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