title: Hyperopic corneal refractive surgery in patients with accommodative esotropia and amblyopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether hyperopic excimer corneal refractive surgery can affect ocular alignment and stereopsis in patients with both accommodative esotropia and amblyopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 26 eyes of 13 patients with accommodative esotropia and amblyopia underwent bilateral hyperopic corneal refractive surgery: 9 patients underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK); 4, laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). The main ocular examinations included pre- and postoperative best-corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment, and stereopsis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative cycloplegic refraction in the right eyes was +5.64 ± 2.09 D; in the left eyes, +5.91 ± 1.97 D. After surgery, refraction in the right eyes was +1.13 ± 1.21 D; in the left eyes, +1.44 ±1.53 D. The mean logMAR uncorrected visual acuity was 0.46 ± 0.30 before surgery and 0.32 ± 0.25 after surgery (t = 5.72, P = 0.001). The mean pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity were 0.31 ± 0.28 and 0.29 ± 0.25, respectively; there was no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1.23, P = 0.22). The average uncorrected esotropia was 37.92(Δ) ± 9.12(Δ) before surgery and 2.76(Δ) ± 2.80(Δ) after (P < 0.001). Using a synoptophore, 2 patients (15.3%) had preoperative stereopsis and 11 patients (84.6%) had postoperative stereopsis. No patients experienced lower stereopsis postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, hyperopic corneal refractive surgery can improve the alignment, uncorrected visual acuity, and stereopsis in patients with accommodative esotropia and amblyopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital. Electronic address: nantongsmh@163.com.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital.
authors.forename: Yingjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D049008:Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; D054018:Lasers, Excimer / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult