title: B lymphocytes as emerging mediators of insulin resistance.
abstract: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation of various tissues including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which contributes to insulin resistance. T cells and macrophages infiltrate VAT in obesity and orchestrate this inflammation. Recently, we made the surprising discovery that B cells are important contributors to this process. Thus, some B cells and the antibodies they produce can promote VAT-associated and systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance. This report will focus on the properties of these B cells, and how they contribute to insulin resistance through T-cell modulation and production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Understanding the mechanisms by which B cells contribute to insulin resistance should lead to new antibody-based diagnostics and B-cell modulating therapeutics to manage this increasingly prevalent disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M H Y
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Engleman
keywords: B lymphocytes; autoantibodies; inflammation; insulin resistance
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