title: High levels of whole raw soybean in diets for Nellore bulls in feedlot: effect on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole raw soybean (WRS) in the finishing diet of Nellore cattle on productive performance, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid profile of meat, and blood parameters. In a completely randomized design, 52 Nellore bulls (mean body weight ± SD: 380 ± 34 kg) were allotted for 84 days. The animals received the following diets with a forage: concentrate ratio of 40/60: (i) WRS0: control diet without soybean grains; (ii) WRS8: diet containing 8% WRS in dry matter basis; (iii) WRS16: diet containing 16% WRS, and (iv) WRS24: diet containing 24% WRS. At intervals of 28 days, the animals were weighed, muscle and adipose tissue was analysed by ultrasound, and blood samples were collected. The animals were slaughtered on day 85 and liver weight and hot carcass weight were measured during slaughter. The pH and carcass dressing were calculated at 24 h after slaughter. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected for the determination of fatty acid profile of meat, ether extract, tenderness and sensory analysis of meat aged for 14 days. Blood cholesterol content increased linearly with increasing proportion of whole raw soybean grains. The diet did not affect performance or carcass attributes. The WRS8 had the highest shear force values. In fatty acid profile, C14:0 decreased (p = 0.05), whereas 16:1, 20:0 and 20:1 fatty acids increased linearly with increasing proportion of WRS (p < 0.05). However, concentration of conjugated linoleic acid cis 9, trans 11 and 17:0 increased with WRS24 and WRS16. In the sensory analysis, WRS24 was more tender with respect to the other treatments (p < 0.05). Finally, the inclusion of WRS in the finishing diet of feedlot Nellore bulls only evidenced little changes in fatty acid profile and tenderness, in animals fed diets containing 16 or 24% soybean.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: N R B
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Cônsolo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gardinal
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gandra
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Freitas Junior
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rennó
authors.forename: M H de A
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pflanzer Junior
authors.forename: A S C
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D009929:Organ Size
keywords: Nellore; beef cattle; fatty acid profile; sensory analysis; shear force; whole raw soybean