title: The role of components of the extracellular matrix and inflammation on oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 90% of malignant oral lesions, and is identified as the most frequently occurring malignant tumour of oral structures. We aimed to investigate the genes and pathways related with metastasis on Turkish OSCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed whole genome expression profiling array on an Illumina platform. A total of 24 samples with 12 OSCC and 12-paired controls that had no tumour were included in the study. Hierarchic clustering and heat map were used for data visualisation and p-values assessed to identify differentially expressed genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Ingenuity Pathway Systems (IPA) analysis were performed to consider biologic meaning of differential expression of the genes between tumour and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 790 probe sets, corresponding to 648 genes that were effective in separating invasive and metastatic OSCC. Consequently, we found statistically relevant expression results on extracellular matrix members on MMPs such as MMP3, MMP10, MMP1 and MMP9; on laminin such as LAMC2, LAMA3 and LAMB3; several genes in the collagen family; and also on chemokines from the inflammation process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically relevant expression changes for MMPs, laminins, collagens, and chemokines, which are components of the extracellular matrix and inflammation process, may be considered as a molecular biomarker for early prediction. Further studies are necessary to determine and understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie OSCC metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanis
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep Birsu
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Cincin
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gokcen-Rohlig
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif Sinem
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bireller
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulusan
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem Rustu
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tanyel
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: bedia@istanbul.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Bedia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cakmakoglu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines; D007797:Laminin; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Metastasis; Microarray; OSCC