title: Inter-vendor reproducibility of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling at 3 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior to the implementation of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in clinical multi-center studies, it is important to establish its status quo inter-vendor reproducibility. This study evaluates and compares the intra- and inter-vendor reproducibility of pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) as clinically implemented by GE and Philips.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 healthy volunteers were scanned twice on both a 3T GE and a 3T Philips scanner. The main difference in implementation between the vendors was the readout module: spiral 3D fast spin echo vs. 2D gradient-echo echo-planar imaging respectively. Mean and variation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared for the total gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and on a voxel-level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas the mean GM CBF of both vendors was almost equal (p = 1.0), the mean WM CBF was significantly different (p<0.01). The inter-vendor GM variation did not differ from the intra-vendor GM variation (p = 0.3 and p = 0.5 for GE and Philips respectively). Spatial inter-vendor CBF and variation differences were observed in several GM regions and in the WM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that total GM CBF-values can be exchanged between vendors. For the inter-vendor comparison of GM regions or WM, these results encourage further standardization of ASL implementation among vendors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henri J M M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mutsaerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rebecca M E
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Steketee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis F R
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Heijtel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joost P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kuijer
authors.affiliation: C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthias J P
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Charles B L M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Majoie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aart J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nederveen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003132:Commerce; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
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