title: Incidence of and risk factors for cardiovascular complications after thoracic surgery for noncancerous lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for cardiovascular complications after thoracic surgery for noncancerous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive patients undergoing either thoracotomy or thoracoscopy for noncancerous lesions between 2005 and 2011 were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcomes were the incidence and types of cardiovascular complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia during hospitalization. A total of 719 patients were recruited, 60% of whom had infections. The incidence of cardiovascular complications after thoracic surgery was 6.7% (48 of 719), of which cardiac arrhythmia was the most common (25 of 48, 52%). The multivariate risk regression analysis showed that age>55 years (risk ratio [RR]=4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.1-7.5; p<0.01), diabetes mellitus (RR=3.0; 95% CI=1.7-5.3; p<0.01), coronary artery disease (RR=4.8; 95% CI=2.3-10.2; p<0.01), duration of surgery>180 minutes (RR=2.6; 95% CI=1.3-5.1; p<0.01), intraoperative hypotension (RR=2.6; 95% CI=1.6-4.3; p<0.01), and positive fluid balance>2,000 mL (RR=2.5; 95% CI=1.4-4.5; p<0.01) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of risk factors could help surgical teams to identify high risk patients and adjust modifiable risk factors including optimization of medical conditions, correction of intraoperative hypotension, and appropriate blood and fluid administration in order to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Program, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai.
authors.forename: Tanyong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pipanmekaporn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. Electronic address: typunja@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yodying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Punjasawadwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
authors.forename: Somrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charuluxananan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai.
authors.forename: Worawut
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lapisatepun
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
authors.forename: Pavena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bunburaphong
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unity and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok.
authors.forename: Jayanton
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patumanond
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai.
authors.forename: Somchareon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeteng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Theerada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chandee
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D013896:Thoracic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: cardiac arrhythmias; cardiovascular complications; noncancerous lesions; thoracic surgeries