title: Role of metabolic genes in blood arsenic concentrations of Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorder.
abstract: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid with known adverse effects on human health. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes, including GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1, play a major role in detoxification and metabolism of xenobiotics. We investigated the association between GST genotypes and whole blood arsenic concentrations (BASC) in Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used data from 100 ASD cases and their 1:1 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (age 2-8 years) from Jamaica. Using log-transformed BASC as the dependent variable in a General Linear Model, we observed a significant interaction between GSTP1 and ASD case status while controlling for several confounding variables. However, for GSTT1 and GSTM1 we did not observe any significant associations with BASC. Our findings indicate that TD children who had the Ile/Ile or Ile/Val genotype for GSTP1 had a significantly higher geometric mean BASC than those with genotype Val/Val (3.67 µg/L vs. 2.69 µg/L, p < 0.01). Although, among the ASD cases, this difference was not statistically significant, the direction of the observed difference was consistent with that of the TD control children. These findings suggest a possible role of GSTP1 in the detoxification of arsenic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Mohammad.H.Rahbar@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.affiliation: Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica. msammsvaughan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samms-Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Jianzhong.Ma@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Jan.Bressler@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bressler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Katherine.A.Loveland@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Loveland
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Manouchehr.A.Hessabi@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ardjomand-Hessabi
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Aisha.S.Dickerson@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Aisha S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Megan.L.Grove@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.affiliation: Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica. sydonniesp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sydonnie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakespeare-Pellington
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica. compton.beecher@uwimona.edu.jm.
authors.forename: Compton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beecher
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica. wayne.mclaughlin@uwimona.edu.jm.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Eric.Boerwinkle@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human
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