title: Twenty year experience of the oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in wildlife: a global review.
abstract: The SAG2 vaccine (RABIGEN® SAG2) is a modified live attenuated rabies virus vaccine, selected from the SAD Bern strain in a two-step process of amino acid mutation using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The strain is genetically stable and does not spread in vivo or induce a persistent infection. Its absence of residual pathogenicity was extensively demonstrated in multiple target and non target species (such as wild carnivores and rodent species), including non-human primates. The efficacy of SAG2 baits was demonstrated according to the EU requirements for the red fox and raccoon dog. The use of safe and potent rabies vaccines such as SAG2 largely contributed to the elimination of rabies in Estonia, France, Italy and Switzerland. Importantly, these countries were declared free of rabies after few years of oral vaccination campaigns with SAG2 baits distributed with an appropriate strategy. The excellent tolerance of the SAG2 vaccine has been confirmed in the field since its first use in 1993. No safety issues have been reported, and in particular no vaccine-induced rabies cases were diagnosed, after the distribution of more than 20 million SAG2 baits in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13ème Rue LID, BP 27, 06511, Carros Cedex, France. pmahl@virbac.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mähl
authors.affiliation: Anses, Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, European Union Reference Laboratory for rabies, European Union Reference Laboratory for rabies serology, OIE Reference Laboratory for rabies, WHO Collaborating Centre on Research and Management on Zoonoses Control, Technopôle agricole et veterinaire, CS 40009, 54220, Malzeville, Cedex, France. florence.cliquet@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cliquet
authors.affiliation: Conseils en Pharmacie et Biologie, Sainte Foy les, Lyon, France. a-l.guiot@cegetel.net.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guiot
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Food Board of Estonia, Väike Paala str. 3, 11415, Tallinn, Estonia. enel.niin@vet.agri.ee.
authors.forename: Enel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niin
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13ème Rue LID, BP 27, 06511, Carros Cedex, France. emma.fournials@virbac.com.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fournials
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13ème Rue LID, BP 27, 06511, Carros Cedex, France. nathalie.saintjean@virbac.com.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saint-Jean
authors.affiliation: Chemin des Maures, 83440, Callian, France. aubert.michel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.affiliation: Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies. charles_rupprecht@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.affiliation: Virbac, 13ème Rue LID, BP 27, 06511, Carros Cedex, France. sylvie.gueguen@virbac.com.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gueguen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D060740:Disease Eradication; D005060:Europe; D005589:Foxes; D011818:Rabies / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000592:standards; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000502:physiology*; D046031:Raccoon Dogs; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
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