title: Periodontal consequences of mandibular incisor proclination during presurgical orthodontic treatment in Class III malocclusion patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that periodontal changes are similar between proclined and minimal-changed mandibular incisor position groups during presurgical orthodontic treatment for Class III orthognathic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following measurements were performed before and after presurgical orthodontic treatment of 75 patients (proclination group, 39 subjects; minimal-change group, 36 subjects): clinical crown length, sulcus and bone probing depths, and width of attached gingiva from clinical examination; infradentale-to-MP (perpendicular distance of infradentale to mandibular plane) from examination of lateral cephalograms; and the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar crest from examination of periapical radiographs. Data were compared between the two groups, and a regression analysis was performed to investigate factors affecting the periodontal changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, clinical crown length and bone probing depth increased during presurgical orthodontics (P < .05). Infradentale-to-MP and the width of attached gingiva decreased more in the proclination group than in the minimal-change group (P < .05). Proclination and protrusion of the mandibular incisors, and treatment duration affected the periodontal changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The null hypothesis was rejected. Proclination of the mandibular incisors for decompensation in Class III surgery patients seems to result in labial alveolar bone recession and a decrease in width of attached gingiva. However, the amount of the periodontal recession appeared to be clinically insignificant.
authors.affiliation: a  Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chooryung J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kyung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000473:pathology; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Class III malocclusion; Mandibular incisor proclination; Orthodontic treatment; Periodontal tissue change
references.citation: Eur J Orthod. 2003 Aug;25(4):343-52
references.pmid: 12938839
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1972 Oct;43(10):623-7
references.pmid: 4507712
references.citation: Dtsch Zahnarztl Z. 1990 Mar;45(3):136-41
references.pmid: 2257817
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Jul;114(1):100-6
references.pmid: 9674687
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Apr;135(4):432.e1-6; discussion 432-3
references.pmid: 19361726
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 2008 Jan;78(1):38-43
references.pmid: 18193946
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 1976 Apr;46(2):99-110
references.pmid: 1064347
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1981 Jun;52(6):307-13
references.pmid: 6167704
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 2002 Jun;72(3):238-45
references.pmid: 12071607
references.citation: Semin Orthod. 1996 Mar;2(1):46-54
references.pmid: 9161283
references.citation: Acta Odontol Scand. 1963 Dec;21:533-51
references.pmid: 14121956
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 2009 Jul;79(4):676-82
references.pmid: 19537864
references.citation: Eur J Orthod. 2013 Apr;35(2):249-55
references.pmid: 22828081
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1976 Sep;47(9):514-7
references.pmid: 1067405
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1985 Dec;56(12):727-33
references.pmid: 3866057
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987 Mar;91(3):225-32
references.pmid: 3469907
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1981 Jun;52(6):314-20
references.pmid: 6943326
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006 Jul;130(1):6.e1-8
references.pmid: 16849063
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 1972 Jan;42(1):26-34
references.pmid: 4500561
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1974 Sep;45(9):660-8
references.pmid: 4529575
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 1996;66(2):95-109; discussion 109-10
references.pmid: 8712499
references.citation: Implant Dent. 2012 Oct;21(5):406-10
references.pmid: 22983315
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 May;127(5):552-61; quiz 625
references.pmid: 15877035