title: Pulpal response to nano hydroxyapatite, mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide when used as a direct pulp capping agent: an in vivo study.
abstract: Nano hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) because of its better qualities can be used as an alternative to calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping procedures. The aim of the study was to compare the response of exposed human pulp to Nano-HA, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and calcium hydroxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done on 30 premolars, ranging from patients between 11-15 years. Intentional pulp capping was done using one of the experimental materials. The extracted teeth were then subjected to staining procedure and evaluated for dentin bridge and pulpal response after 15 and 30 days. Intragroup comparisons of the observed values were analyzed using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nano-HA and MTA produced continuous dentin bridges. Dentin bridge that was formed in MTA group had regular pattern of dentinal tubules but no tubules were seen in the nano-HA group. Dentin bridge was not observed in Dycal group for the 15 days period in majority of the sample and by 30 days dentin bridge was observed that were both continuous and interrupted in equal number of samples. The initial inflammatory response and necrosis was more with Nano-HA and calcium hydroxide which reduced with time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA showed no inflammatory changes in majority of the samples in both the study periods. Necrosis was least observed in MTA group followed by Nano-HA. Vascularity increased in Nano-HA group in the initial periods which reduced with increasing time. Based on the ability of nano-HA to produce complete dentinal bridges, favorable cellular and vascular response, the material could be considered as an substitute and could be tried used as a direct pulp capping agent.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swarup
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boaz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srikant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000293:Adolescent; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000628:therapy; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000473:pathology; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C475480:MTA-Angelus; D008903:Minerals; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C025702:Dycal; D017886:Durapatite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D001729:Bismuth