title: Negative control of BAK1 by protein phosphatase 2A during plant innate immunity.
abstract: Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) activates plant innate immunity, mainly through activation of numerous protein kinases. Appropriate induction of immune responses must be tightly regulated, as many of the kinases involved have an intrinsic high activity and are also regulated by other external and endogenous stimuli. Previous evidences suggest that PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is under constant negative regulation by protein phosphatases but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that protein Ser/Thr phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) controls the activation of PRR complexes by modulating the phosphostatus of the co-receptor and positive regulator BAK1. A potential PP2A holoenzyme composed of the subunits A1, C4, and B'η/ζ inhibits immune responses triggered by several PAMPs and anti-bacterial immunity. PP2A constitutively associates with BAK1 in planta. Impairment in this PP2A-based regulation leads to increased steady-state BAK1 phosphorylation, which can poise enhanced immune responses. This work identifies PP2A as an important negative regulator of plant innate immunity that controls BAK1 activation in surface-localized immune receptor complexes.
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segonzac
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Alberto P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Macho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanmartín
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Vardis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ntoukakis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Serrano
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK cyril.zipfel@tsl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zipfel
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C463660:BAK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2
keywords: innate immunity; negative regulation; phosphatase; receptor kinase
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2011 Apr;7(4):e1001370
references.pmid: 21533019
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2008 Aug;15(2):220-35
references.pmid: 18694562
references.citation: Plant J. 2013 Mar;73(5):862-72
references.pmid: 23167545
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2008 Mar;33(3):113-21
references.pmid: 18291659
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2014 Apr 24;54(2):263-72
references.pmid: 24766890
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Oct 30;139(3):468-84
references.pmid: 19879837
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):952-6
references.pmid: 11607454
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):497-500
references.pmid: 17625569
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 24;282(34):25020-9
references.pmid: 17586809
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):496-501
references.pmid: 20018686
references.citation: Front Plant Sci. 2014 Feb 04;5:16
references.pmid: 24550926
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2012 Aug;15(4):358-66
references.pmid: 22658367
references.citation: Physiol Plant. 2011 Oct;143(2):188-205
references.pmid: 21668865
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4120-3
references.pmid: 11607537
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 3;109(1):327-32
references.pmid: 22184234
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2014 Feb;19(2):123-32
references.pmid: 24238702
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 12;107(41):17827-32
references.pmid: 20876109
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2010 Feb;22(2):392-402
references.pmid: 20139163
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 3;109(1):297-302
references.pmid: 22087001
references.citation: Plant J. 2004 May;38(4):563-77
references.pmid: 15125764
references.citation: Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1118-22
references.pmid: 16857903
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Apr 22;7(4):290-301
references.pmid: 20413097
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 3;109(1):303-8
references.pmid: 22087006
references.citation: Int Rev Immunol. 2013 Apr;32(2):116-33
references.pmid: 23570313
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2014 Mar;164(3):1443-55
references.pmid: 24443525
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Mar 12;15(3):329-38
references.pmid: 24629339
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2011 Sep;157(1):120-31
references.pmid: 21795582
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2013 Aug;162(4):1911-25
references.pmid: 23796795
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2014 Jan 20;24(2):134-143
references.pmid: 24388849
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 26;285(13):9444-9451
references.pmid: 20103591
references.citation: Plant J. 1999 Nov;20(4):389-99
references.pmid: 10607292
references.citation: Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1439-42
references.pmid: 21680842
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2014 Apr 10;54(1):43-55
references.pmid: 24630626
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2012;63:451-82
references.pmid: 22404464
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2011 Nov;23(11):3871-8
references.pmid: 22129600
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2001 May;13(5):1155-63
references.pmid: 11340188
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Jul 17;4(1):17-27
references.pmid: 18621007
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 4;111(9):3632-7
references.pmid: 24532660
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2014 Jan;164(1):440-54
references.pmid: 24220680
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2005 Jun;8(6):855-65
references.pmid: 15935775
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Apr;12(4):169-76
references.pmid: 17368080
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2011 Jul;156(3):1464-80
references.pmid: 21571669
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2013 Mar;25(3):1143-57
references.pmid: 23532072
references.citation: Sci Signal. 2011 May 10;4(172):ra29
references.pmid: 21558554
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):12217-22
references.pmid: 17626179
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2008 Sep 23;6(9):e231
references.pmid: 18817453
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2012 Sep;33(9):449-58
references.pmid: 22721918
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2012 Aug;15(4):349-57
references.pmid: 22705024
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Dec 15;10(6):616-26
references.pmid: 22169508
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2011 Apr;7(4):e1002046
references.pmid: 21593986
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 13;46(10):2684-96
references.pmid: 17302430
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e50907
references.pmid: 23236403
references.citation: Cell. 2007 Sep 21;130(6):1044-56
references.pmid: 17889649
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;13(2):124-31
references.pmid: 21258370
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Jul;19(7):2213-24
references.pmid: 17630279
references.citation: Cell Res. 2013 Nov;23(11):1326-9
references.pmid: 24126715
references.citation: Plant J. 2011 Oct;68(1):100-13
references.pmid: 21668535
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2009 Mar 13;33(5):537-45
references.pmid: 19285938
references.citation: Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):624-8
references.pmid: 24114786
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2014 Feb;26(2):828-41
references.pmid: 24550223
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2011 Jun;23(6):2440-55
references.pmid: 21693696
references.citation: Plant J. 2011 Jul;67(2):258-68
references.pmid: 21447069
references.citation: Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):889-92
references.pmid: 23929946
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11867-70
references.pmid: 1334551
references.citation: Science. 2010 Nov 19;330(6007):1061-4
references.pmid: 21097929
references.citation: Protein Cell. 2013 Oct;4(10):771-81
references.pmid: 24104392
references.citation: Sci Signal. 2011 May 10;4(172):pe25
references.pmid: 21558552
references.citation: Development. 2013 Apr;140(8):1615-20
references.pmid: 23533170
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1995 May;7(5):639-647
references.pmid: 12242379
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Apr 15;428(6984):764-7
references.pmid: 15085136
references.citation: New Phytol. 2014 Apr;202(1):145-160
references.pmid: 24299221
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2004 May;9(5):236-43
references.pmid: 15130549
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2011 Feb 1;25(3):232-7
references.pmid: 21289069
references.citation: Cell Res. 2012 Aug;22(8):1304-8
references.pmid: 22547027
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 16;110(29):12114-9
references.pmid: 23818580
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2006 Mar 1;20(5):537-42
references.pmid: 16510871
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2013 Sep;18(9):505-13
references.pmid: 23790269
references.citation: Elife. 2013 Dec 31;2:e00983
references.pmid: 24381244