title: Spectroscopic, luminescence and in vitro biological studies of solid ketoprofen of heavier trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III).
abstract: Solid-state compounds of the general formulae [ML3] (M=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y; L=ketoprofen) were synthesized and characterized using infrared, diffuse reflectance and luminescence spectroscopies. IR data suggested that the carboxylate group in ketoprofen is coordinated to the metals as a bidentate ligand. The triplet state energy level was determined using the Gd(3+) complex, which exhibited a ketoprofen blue luminescence when excited in the UV region. The compound containing Tb(3+) ion was sensitized by the ligand and emitted in the green region of the visible spectrum. On the other hand, for the analogous species containing the dysprosium ion, a competition for luminescence between the Dy(3+) and the ligand levels was observed. Finally, Tm(3+) complex exhibits only ligand luminescence. These optical behaviors are discussed based on rare earth energy diagrams. In addition, the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. All the compounds showed a higher production of H2O2 and IL-10 than the ketoprofen, suggesting that the compounds exhibited an immunomodulatory effect and this opens up new perspectives for immunotherapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Química, Bauru, SP CEP 17033-260, Brazil.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gálico
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lahoud
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Davolos
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Araraquara, SP CEP 14801-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: R C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Frem
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Botucatu, SP CEP 18618-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: T F C
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Fraga-Silva
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP CEP 17033-260, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP CEP 17033-260, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S P
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Química, Bauru, SP CEP 17033-260, Brazil. Electronic address: gilbert@fc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bannach
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D015019:Yttrium; D007660:Ketoprofen
keywords: Biological studies; Carboxylate coordination; Infrared spectroscopy; Ketoprofen; Lanthanide complexes; Lanthanide luminescence