title: Longitudinal, lateral and transverse axes of forearm muscles influence the crosstalk in the mechanomyographic signals during isometric wrist postures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In mechanomyography (MMG), crosstalk refers to the contamination of the signal from the muscle of interest by the signal from another muscle or muscle group that is in close proximity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was two-fold: i) to quantify the level of crosstalk in the mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the longitudinal (Lo), lateral (La) and transverse (Tr) axes of the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles during isometric wrist flexion (WF) and extension (WE), radial (RD) and ulnar (UD) deviations; and ii) to analyze whether the three-directional MMG signals influence the level of crosstalk between the muscle groups during these wrist postures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty, healthy right-handed men (mean ± SD: age = 26.7±3.83 y; height = 174.47±6.3 cm; mass = 72.79±14.36 kg) participated in this study. During each wrist posture, the MMG signals propagated through the axes of the muscles were detected using three separate tri-axial accelerometers. The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis of the sensor were placed in the Lo, La, and Tr directions with respect to muscle fibers. The peak cross-correlations were used to quantify the proportion of crosstalk between the different muscle groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average level of crosstalk in the MMG signals generated by the muscle groups ranged from: 34.28-69.69% for the Lo axis, 27.32-52.55% for the La axis and 11.38-25.55% for the Tr axis for all participants and their wrist postures. The Tr axes between the muscle groups showed significantly smaller crosstalk values for all wrist postures [F (2, 38) = 14-63, p<0.05, η2 = 0.416-0.769].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results may be applied in the field of human movement research, especially for the examination of muscle mechanics during various types of the wrist postures.
authors.affiliation: AI-Rehab Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Anamul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: AI-Rehab Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundaraj
authors.affiliation: AI-Rehab Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R Badlishah
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Malaysian Ministry of Health, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundaraj
authors.affiliation: AI-Rehab Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nizam Uddin
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Ahamed
authors.affiliation: AI-Rehab Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Asraf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009213:Myography / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology*
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