title: Electrospun biodegradable elastic polyurethane scaffolds with dipyridamole release for small diameter vascular grafts.
abstract: Acellular biodegradable small diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) require antithrombosis, intimal hyperplasia inhibition and rapid endothelialization to improve the graft patency. However, current antithrombosis and antiproliferation approaches often conflict with endothelial cell layer formation on SDVGs. To address this limitation, biodegradable elastic polyurethane urea (BPU) and the drug dipyridamole (DPA) were mixed and then electrospun into a biodegradable fibrous scaffold. The BPU would provide the appropriate mechanical support, while the DPA in the scaffold would offer biofunctions as required above. We found that the resulting scaffolds had tensile strengths and strains comparable with human coronary artery. The DPA in the scaffolds was continuously released up to 91 days in phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C, with a low burst release within the first 3 days. Compared to BPU alone, improved non-thrombogenicity of the DPA-loaded BPU scaffolds was evidenced with extended human blood clotting time, lower TAT complex concentration, lower hemolysis and reduced human platelet deposition. The scaffolds with a higher DPA content (5 and 10%) inhibited proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cell significantly. Furthermore, the DPA-loaded scaffolds had no adverse effect on human aortic endothelial cell growth, yet it improved their proliferation. The attractive mechanical properties and biofunctions of the DPA-loaded BPU scaffold indicate its potential as an acellular biodegradable SDVG for vascular replacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Primana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Punnakitikashem
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Danh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Jyothi U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Kytai T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Electronic address: yihong@uta.edu.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011140:Polyurethanes; D004176:Dipyridamole; C044690:polyetherurethane urea
keywords: Controlled release; Dipyridamole; Electrospinning; Polyurethane; Small diameter vascular graft
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