title: Emotion recognition pattern in adolescent boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social and emotional deficits were recently considered as inherent features of individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but only sporadic literature data exist on emotion recognition in adolescents with ADHD. The aim of the present study was to establish emotion recognition profile in adolescent boys with ADHD in comparison with control adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four adolescent boys (13-16 years) participated in the study after informed consent; 22 boys had a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, while data were also assessed from 22 adolescent control boys matched for age and Raven IQ. Parent- and self-reported behavioral characteristics were assessed by the means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The recognition of six basic emotions was evaluated by the "Facial Expressions of Emotion-Stimuli and Tests."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, adolescents with ADHD were more sensitive in the recognition of disgust and, worse in the recognition of fear and showed a tendency for impaired recognition of sadness. Hyperactivity measures showed an inverse correlation with fear recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that adolescent boys with ADHD have alterations in the recognition of specific emotions.
authors.affiliation: Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, 5 Lipotmezei Street, Budapest 1021, Hungary ; School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, 26 Ulloi Street, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
authors.forename: Nikoletta
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3471-4920
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aspan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 1 University Square, Debrecen 4010, Hungary.
authors.forename: Csilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bozsik
authors.affiliation: Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, 5 Lipotmezei Street, Budapest 1021, Hungary.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gadoros
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 1 University Square, Debrecen 4010, Hungary.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0256-3304
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 1 University Square, Debrecen 4010, Hungary.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inantsy-Pap
authors.affiliation: Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, 5 Lipotmezei Street, Budapest 1021, Hungary ; School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, 26 Ulloi Street, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5387-8077
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vida
authors.affiliation: Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital, 5 Lipotmezei Street, Budapest 1021, Hungary ; Alba Regia University Centre, Obuda University, 45 Budai Street, Szekesfehervar 8000, Hungary.
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3040-495X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halasz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D001519:Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;39(9):1160-7
references.pmid: 10986813
references.citation: Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2009 Mar;40(1):111-21
references.pmid: 18663570
references.citation: ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Nov 04;2013:826108
references.pmid: 24302873
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 2002 Jan;16(1):102-10
references.pmid: 11853351
references.citation: Psychol Rev. 1990 Jul;97(3):404-31
references.pmid: 2381998
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Nov;40(11):1337-45
references.pmid: 11699809
references.citation: Pediatr Neurol. 2006 Aug;35(2):93-7
references.pmid: 16876003
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;38(5):581-6
references.pmid: 9255702
references.citation: Science. 1969 Apr 4;164(3875):86-8
references.pmid: 5773719
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2007 Jun;35(3):363-78
references.pmid: 17243015
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;52(1):100-8
references.pmid: 20722879
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2012 Oct 30;199(3):201-7
references.pmid: 22703720
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Apr;28(4):692-708
references.pmid: 18036711
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;49(4):359-75
references.pmid: 18221345
references.citation: Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jul;9(3):490-9
references.pmid: 22976615
references.citation: Psychiatr Hung. 2011;26(6):427-33
references.pmid: 22354701
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;164(6):942-8
references.pmid: 17541055
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001 Dec;29(6):491-8
references.pmid: 11761283
references.citation: Psychiatr Hung. 2013;28(2):165-79
references.pmid: 23880514
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2012;8:77-107
references.pmid: 22035245
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;54(6):619-27
references.pmid: 23061803
references.citation: Child Neuropsychol. 2008 Jan;14(1):82-96
references.pmid: 18097801
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2009 Apr;31(3):257-77
references.pmid: 18720177
references.citation: Behav Modif. 1998 Apr;22(2):128-42
references.pmid: 9563287
references.citation: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;16(6):398-404
references.pmid: 17401608
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(3):454-65
references.pmid: 17915324
references.citation: Psychiatr Hung. 2008;23(5):358-65
references.pmid: 19129552
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Apr;34(5):734-43
references.pmid: 19857516
references.citation: Psychiatr Hung. 2011;26(6):415-26
references.pmid: 22354700
references.citation: Neuropediatrics. 2008 Dec;39(6):323-7
references.pmid: 19568995
references.citation: Child Neuropsychol. 2000 Jun;6(2):144-55
references.pmid: 16210210
references.citation: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;17(2):63-72
references.pmid: 17896119
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;50(8):828-37.e3
references.pmid: 21784302
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009 May;50(5):627-36
references.pmid: 19432683
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;48(9):863-71
references.pmid: 17714371
references.citation: J Atten Disord. 2011 Aug;15(6):452-60
references.pmid: 20555036
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;60(8):837-44
references.pmid: 12912767
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Aug 1;68(3):272-9
references.pmid: 20447616
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;167(1):61-9
references.pmid: 19917597
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;165(6):712-20
references.pmid: 18281412
references.citation: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;7(3):125-30
references.pmid: 9826298
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2008 May 15;63(10):917-26
references.pmid: 18272140