title: Colon cancer treatment: are there racial disparities in an equal-access healthcare system?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the general US population, blacks and whites have been shown to undergo colon cancer treatment at disproportionate rates. Accessibility to medical care may be the most important factor influencing differences in colon cancer treatment rates among whites and blacks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether racial disparities in colon cancer surgery and chemotherapy existed in an equal-access health care system. In addition, we sought to examine whether racial differences varied according to demographic and tumor characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Database research using the Department of Defense Military Health System.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included 2560 non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) with colon cancer diagnosed from 1998 to 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between race and the receipt of colon cancer surgery or chemotherapy while controlling for available potential confounders, both overall and stratified by age at diagnosis, sex, and tumor stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After multivariate adjustment, the odds of receiving colon cancer surgery or chemotherapy for NHBs versus NHWs were similar (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.37-1.53]; OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.59-1.04]). In addition, no effect modifications by age at diagnosis, sex, and tumor stage were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment data might not be complete for beneficiaries who also had non-Department of Defense health insurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When access to medical care is equal, racial disparities in the provision of colon cancer surgery and chemotherapy were not apparent. Thus, it is possible that the inequalities in access to care play a major role in the racial disparities seen in colon cancer treatment in the general population.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Military Epidemiology and Population Sciences, John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed-Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland 2Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 3John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed-Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland 4General Surgery Service, Walter Reed-Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland 5Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 6Combat Wound Initiative Program, Walter Reed-Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland 7Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 8Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Abegail A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Enewold
authors.forename: Shelia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zahm
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Shriver
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stojadinovic
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McGlynn
authors.forename: Kangmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001741:Black or African American
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