title: Senescence or selective disappearance? Age trajectories of body mass in wild and captive populations of a small-bodied primate.
abstract: Classic theories of ageing consider extrinsic mortality (EM) a major factor in shaping longevity and ageing, yet most studies of functional ageing focus on species with low EM. This bias may cause overestimation of the influence of senescent declines in performance over condition-dependent mortality on demographic processes across taxa. To simultaneously investigate the roles of functional senescence (FS) and intrinsic, extrinsic and condition-dependent mortality in a species with a high predation risk in nature, we compared age trajectories of body mass (BM) in wild and captive grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) using longitudinal data (853 individuals followed through adulthood). We found evidence of non-random mortality in both settings. In captivity, the oldest animals showed senescence in their ability to regain lost BM, whereas no evidence of FS was found in the wild. Overall, captive animals lived longer, but a reversed sex bias in lifespan was observed between wild and captive populations. We suggest that even moderately condition-dependent EM may lead to negligible FS in the wild. While high EM may act to reduce the average lifespan, this evolutionary process may be counteracted by the increased fitness of the long-lived, high-quality individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany anni.m.hamalainen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anni
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-8299
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany Department of Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam 14469, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dammhahn
authors.affiliation: UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aujard
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.affiliation: UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kappeler
authors.affiliation: UMR 7179, CNRS & Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schliehe-Diecks
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D016565:Cheirogaleidae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male
keywords: body mass; condition-dependent mortality; functional senescence; life-history evolution; lifespan; sex difference
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