title: Altered distribution of peripheral blood memory B cells in humans chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.
abstract: Numerous abnormalities of the peripheral blood T cell compartment have been reported in human chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection and related to prolonged antigenic stimulation by persisting parasites. Herein, we measured circulating lymphocytes of various phenotypes based on the differential expression of CD19, CD4, CD27, CD10, IgD, IgM, IgG and CD138 in a total of 48 T. cruzi-infected individuals and 24 healthy controls. Infected individuals had decreased frequencies of CD19+CD27+ cells, which positively correlated with the frequencies of CD4+CD27+ cells. The contraction of CD19+CD27+ cells was comprised of IgG+IgD-, IgM+IgD- and isotype switched IgM-IgD- memory B cells, CD19+CD10+CD27+ B cell precursors and terminally differentiated CD19+CD27+CD138+ plasma cells. Conversely, infected individuals had increased proportions of CD19+IgG+CD27-IgD- memory and CD19+IgM+CD27-IgD+ transitional/naïve B cells. These observations prompted us to assess soluble CD27, a molecule generated by the cleavage of membrane-bound CD27 and used to monitor systemic immune activation. Elevated levels of serum soluble CD27 were observed in infected individuals with Chagas cardiomyopathy, indicating its potentiality as an immunological marker for disease progression in endemic areas. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that chronic T. cruzi infection alters the distribution of various peripheral blood B cell subsets, probably related to the CD4+ T cell deregulation process provoked by the parasite in humans.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Esteban R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gabriela C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Olivera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luz P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Quebrada Palacio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariela N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Vasquez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Enfermedad de Chagas y Patología Regional, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia María
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sirena
authors.affiliation: Centro de Enfermedad de Chagas y Patología Regional, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.affiliation: Centro de Enfermedad de Chagas y Patología Regional, Hospital Independencia, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
authors.forename: Oscar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Ledesma Patiño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Postan
mesh_terms: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007072:Immunoglobulin D / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D054448:Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid / Q000276:immunology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D015703:Antigens, CD; D007072:Immunoglobulin D; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
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