title: Magnetic resonance elastography of liver.
abstract: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) assesses tissue stiffness in vivo by imaging propagating shear waves through the tissues and processing the wave information. MRE is a robust technology with excellent technical success; is applicable in almost all patients and body habitus; and has excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and interobserver agreement for assessing liver stiffness. It is currently the most accurate noninvasive technique for detection and staging of liver fibrosis and has the potential to replace liver biopsy. This article describes the principles and technique of MRE, current clinical applications, and emerging clinical indications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: venkatesh.sudhakar@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Sudhakar Kundapur
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ehman
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Chronic liver diseases; Cirrhosis; Diffuse liver diseases; Focal lesions; Liver fibrosis; MR elastography
references.citation: Magn Reson Imaging. 1982;1(4):197-203
references.pmid: 6927206
references.citation: Neurosurg Focus. 2013 Dec;35(6):E1
references.pmid: 24289117
references.citation: Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Apr;20(2):79-87
references.pmid: 20010062
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Sep;34(3):494-8
references.pmid: 21751286
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2011 Feb;114(2):286-300
references.pmid: 20815698
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2011;189:77-92
references.pmid: 21489384
references.citation: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2021 Mar;115:104229
references.pmid: 33387852
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2011 Jan 7;56(1):R1-R29
references.pmid: 21119234
references.citation: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017 Jan;59(1):57-64
references.pmid: 27325153
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Oct;46(4):1007-1016
references.pmid: 28194925
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2012 Nov;68(5):1410-22
references.pmid: 22252792
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29888
references.pmid: 22276134
references.citation: J Biomech. 2016 Jun 14;49(9):1751-1756
references.pmid: 27126986
references.citation: Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Apr 10;11:170
references.pmid: 28443007
references.citation: J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May;14(5S):S314-S325
references.pmid: 28473088
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 May 1;50(4):1589-98
references.pmid: 20034578
references.citation: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Jan;51(1):39-45
references.pmid: 19018841
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2015 May 1;111:59-64
references.pmid: 25698157
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996 Jul-Aug;6(4):652-6
references.pmid: 8835959
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23451
references.pmid: 21931599
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Jul 1;46(3):652-7
references.pmid: 19281851
references.citation: Radiology. 1980 Feb;134(2):517-20
references.pmid: 7352242
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2018 Dec 1;:1-5
references.pmid: 30554187
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018 Jun;210(6):1273-1278
references.pmid: 29629807
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1999 Sep 9;10(13):2817-21
references.pmid: 10511446
references.citation: Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2019 Oct;18(5):1497-1505
references.pmid: 31055692
references.citation: J Biomech. 2008;41(2):307-15
references.pmid: 17961577
references.citation: Clin Imaging. 2018 Sep - Oct;51:114-122
references.pmid: 29459315
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2016 Nov 1;141:273-281
references.pmid: 27453157
references.citation: NMR Biomed. 2019 Jul;32(7):e4102
references.pmid: 31087728
references.citation: Neuroimage Clin. 2020;25:102109
references.pmid: 31809993
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Dec;72(6):1755-61
references.pmid: 24347290
references.citation: NMR Biomed. 2020 Apr;33(4):e4237
references.pmid: 31889353
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2008 Jan 1;39(1):231-7
references.pmid: 17913514
references.citation: Brain. 2017 Dec 1;140(12):3346-3356
references.pmid: 29053832
references.citation: J Child Neurol. 2020 Jun;35(7):463-471
references.pmid: 32202191
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017 Aug;209(2):403-408
references.pmid: 28570101
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2016 Dec 21;61(24):R401-R437
references.pmid: 27845941
references.citation: Neurosurgery. 2015 Oct;77(4):653-8; discussion 658-9
references.pmid: 26197204
references.citation: Neurosurg Rev. 2010 Apr;33(2):137-45; discussion 145
references.pmid: 20195674
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 2010 Feb;72(1):16-25
references.pmid: 19628324
references.citation: Biol Neonate. 1986;49(4):190-7
references.pmid: 2423144
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(6):718-29
references.pmid: 16887188
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Jul;46(1):134-141
references.pmid: 27764537
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2005 Mar;53(3):628-39
references.pmid: 15723406
references.citation: Ultraschall Med. 2016 Dec;37(6):584-590
references.pmid: 25876221
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2019 Feb 15;187:176-183
references.pmid: 28993232
references.citation: Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:142
references.pmid: 22059137
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2016 May;75(5):1920-6
references.pmid: 26096227
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995 Mar-Apr;5(2):242-4
references.pmid: 7766988
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Jul 27;31(30):10937-47
references.pmid: 21795544
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 28;111(4):1592-7
references.pmid: 24474784
references.citation: Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1854-7
references.pmid: 7569924
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2013 Mar;118(3):643-8
references.pmid: 23082888
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2019 Aug;82(2):671-679
references.pmid: 30957304
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Jul;36(6):1510-31
references.pmid: 22476089
references.citation: Acta Radiol. 2007 Apr;48(3):327-30
references.pmid: 17453505
references.citation: Med Image Anal. 2001 Dec;5(4):237-54
references.pmid: 11731304
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 1;49(3):2520-5
references.pmid: 19539039
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Mar;60(1):340-52
references.pmid: 22178809
references.citation: Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Oct;33:176-181
references.pmid: 29239832
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2016 May 15;132:534-541
references.pmid: 26931816
references.citation: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1990 Jan;30(1):1-9
references.pmid: 1694266