title: A modified intraoral resin mouthguard to prevent self-mutilations in lesch-nyhan patients.
abstract: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, described in 1964 by Lesch and Nyhan, is a X-linked recessive disorder, occurring in 1 : 100000 to 1 : 380000 live births. LNS is characterized by a decrease in activity of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, resulting in overproduction of uric acid. Hyperuricemia and neurological features including choreoathetoid spasticity, self-mutilation, and mental retardation clinically characterize this syndrome. In LNS patients the typical feature is loss of tissue from biting themselves with partial or complete amputation of fingers, lips, and tongue. The self-mutilation compares with the eruption of the deciduous teeth. Several drugs trials have been administered to improve self-destructive behavior and invasive treatment approaches, such as extractions of teeth and orthognathic surgery, have been suggested with variable effectiveness. Nowadays prevention is, therefore, the standard of care. The role of dentistry is essential in the management of the self-mutilating behavior, because the teeth represent the main self-injury instrument. This report presents a revision of various therapeutic approaches to manage self-destruction, highlighting the effectiveness of a preventive treatment. It describes a new technique: a resin mouthguard, realized at Gaslini Hospital, to obtain immediate healing of the oral lesions, confirmed in the follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortognatodonzia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, UOC Odontoiatria Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1930-7382
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ragazzini
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortognatodonzia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, UOC Odontoiatria Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delucchi
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortognatodonzia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, UOC Odontoiatria Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calcagno
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortognatodonzia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, UOC Odontoiatria Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Servetto
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortognatodonzia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, UOC Odontoiatria Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7311-539X
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denotti
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