title: Oncolytic viruses as anticancer vaccines.
abstract: Oncolytic virotherapy has shown impressive results in preclinical studies and first promising therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials as well. Since viruses are known for a long time as excellent vaccination agents, oncolytic viruses are now designed as novel anticancer agents combining the aspect of lysis-dependent cytoreductive activity with concomitant induction of antitumoral immune responses. Antitumoral immune activation by oncolytic virus infection of tumor tissue comprises both, immediate effects of innate immunity and also adaptive responses for long lasting antitumoral activity, which is regarded as the most prominent challenge in clinical oncology. To date, the complex effects of a viral tumor infection on the tumor microenvironment and the consequences for the tumor-infiltrating immune cell compartment are poorly understood. However, there is more and more evidence that a tumor infection by an oncolytic virus opens up a number of options for further immunomodulating interventions such as systemic chemotherapy, generic immunostimulating strategies, dendritic cell-based vaccines, and antigenic libraries to further support clinical efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Woller
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gürlevik
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Cristina-Ileana
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Ureche
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kühnel
keywords: antitumor immune response; antitumor immunity; oncolytic agents; oncolytic virotherapy; oncolytic virus
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