title: Association of Soluble (Pro) Renin Receptor with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a need to identify biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recently the soluble pro-renin receptor (s[Pro]RR) has been shown to be associated with GDM. We investigated the association of s(Pro) RR levels in Asian Indians with GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 222 pregnant females, 147 without GDM (non-GDM) and 75 with GDM visiting antenatal clinics in Tamilnadu in South India. We included singleton pregnancy and excluded those with pre-existing diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed, and GDM was diagnosed using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. s(Pro)RR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify s(Pro) RR cut-off points to identify GDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean levels of the s(Pro)RR were significantly higher in subjects with GDM (34.0 ± 12 ng/mL, P<.001) compared to non-GDM (21.4 ± 6.5 ng/mL). The proportions of subjects with GDM were 11 (15%) in the first tertile of s(Pro)RR (<19.61 ng/mL), 20 (27%) in the second (19.62-26.8 ng/mL), and 44 (59%) in the third tertile (>26.8 ng/mL). In multiple logistic regression analysis, s(Pro)RR showed a significant association with GDM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.201, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.065-1.355, P = .003) after adjusting for potential confounders. A s(Pro)RR cut-off of 23.3 ng/mL had a C statistic of 0.828 (95% CI: 0.738-0.918, P<.001), sensitivity of 68%, and specificity of 70% to identify GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  s(Pro)RR levels are higher in females with GDM, and this could be used as a potential biomarker.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kuppan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokulakrishnan
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maheswari
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Manni Mohanraj
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mahalakshmi
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Gunasekaran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalaiyarasi
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhavadharini
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Gautam Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: St. Isabel's Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Jalaja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: Seethapathy Clinic & Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D012372:ROC Curve; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000097:blood*; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; C458319:ATP6AP2 protein, human; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor