title: Bite injuries to the hand - review of the literature.
abstract: Patients presenting to the emergency department with bite injuries to the hand sustain them through a number of causes including domesticated as well as stray animal bites, and human bites commonly sustained as a result of violence. The nature of the injuries sustained can be very deceptive. A small tooth mark on the exterior can be a fulminant infection in the tissues deeper down. Tendon injuries, fractures of the metacarpals and phalanges and management of the wound are critical issues faced by a surgeon in dealing with such patients. Similarly the less common bite injuries to the hand, often with disastrous and sometimes fatal complications, do also present to the emergency department. A high incidence of suspicion is needed in dealing with these injuries effectively. In our article we discuss the common as well as uncommon causes of bite injuries to the hand and their management. In addition to reviewing the literature to ascertain the management of such injuries, we also discuss interesting and rare case reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland.
authors.forename: Pradyumna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raval
authors.affiliation: University College London Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: University College London Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anant Narayan
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
keywords: Antibiotics; Eikenella corrodens; bites; hand; pasteurella multocida
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