title: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors and miRNAs: "Plastic surgeons" of breast cancer.
abstract: Growing evidence suggests that breast cancer cell plasticity arises due to a partial reactivation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs in order to give cells pluripotency, leading to a stemness-like phenotype. A complete EMT would be a dead end program that would render cells unable to fully metastasize to distant organs. Evoking the EMT-mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) cascade promotes successful colonization of distal target tissues. It is unlikely that direct reprogramming or trans-differentiation without passing through a pluripotent stage would be the preferred mechanism during tumor progression. This review focuses on key EMT transcriptional regulators, EMT-transcription factors involved in EMT (TFs) and the miRNA pathway, which are deregulated in breast cancer, and discusses their implications in cancer cell plasticity. Cross-regulation between EMT-TFs and miRNAs, where miRNAs act as co-repressors or co-activators, appears to be a pivotal mechanism for breast cancer cells to acquire a stem cell-like state, which is implicated both in breast metastases and tumor recurrence. As a master regulator of miRNA biogenesis, the ribonuclease type III endonuclease Dicer plays a central role in EMT-TFs/miRNAs regulating networks. All these EMT-MET key regulators represent valuable new prognostic and predictive markers for breast cancer as well as promising new targets for drug-resistant breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Caroline Moyret-Lalle, Emmanuelle Ruiz, Alain Puisieux, INSERM UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moyret-Lalle
authors.affiliation: Caroline Moyret-Lalle, Emmanuelle Ruiz, Alain Puisieux, INSERM UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Caroline Moyret-Lalle, Emmanuelle Ruiz, Alain Puisieux, INSERM UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puisieux
keywords: Breast cancer; Dicer; Embryonic transcription factors; Epithelial to mesenchymal transition; Feedback loop; MicroRNAs
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