title: Virtual reality job interview training for individuals with psychiatric disabilities.
abstract: Services are available to help support existing employment for individuals with psychiatric disabilities; however, there is a gap in services targeting job interview skills that can help obtain employment. We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT) in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to VR-JIT (n = 25) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) (n = 12) groups. VR-JIT consisted of 10 hours of simulated job interviews with a virtual character and didactic online training. The participants attended 95% of laboratory-based training sessions and found VR-JIT easy to use and felt prepared for future interviews. The VR-JIT group improved their job interview role-play performance (p ≤ 0.05) and self-confidence (p ≤ 0.05) between baseline and follow-up as compared with the TAU group. VR-JIT performance scores increased over time (R = 0.65). VR-JIT demonstrated initial feasibility and efficacy at improving job interview skills and self-confidence. Future research may help clarify whether this intervention is efficacious in community-based settings.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; †SIMmersion LLC, Columbia, MD; ‡Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT; and §Department of Family Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ginger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boteler Humm
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Morris D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D007586:Job Application; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000379:methods*; D012381:Role Playing; D012649:Self Concept; D014584:User-Computer Interface
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57
references.pmid: 9881538
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2007 Mar;58(3):315-24
references.pmid: 17325103
references.citation: JAMA. 2011 Sep 7;306(9):978-88
references.pmid: 21900138
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2008 Oct;105(1-3):18-29
references.pmid: 18715755
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Jan;37(1):43-76
references.pmid: 22048465
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2014 Jul;40(4):824-34
references.pmid: 23770935
references.citation: J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;45(1):81-9
references.pmid: 24063993
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2013 Dec 30;210(3):1275-86
references.pmid: 24075306
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2006 Oct;57(10):1391-405
references.pmid: 17035556
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2013 Mar;144(1-3):51-62
references.pmid: 23356951
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 1997 Feb;42(2-3):145-53
references.pmid: 9105956
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2013 Nov 30;210(1):1-7
references.pmid: 23932838
references.citation: J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81
references.pmid: 18929686
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2011 Oct 30;189(3):344-8
references.pmid: 21708410
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2006 Oct;32 Suppl 1:S44-63
references.pmid: 16916889
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2005 Oct;56(10):1254-60
references.pmid: 16215191
references.citation: J Autism Dev Disord. 2013 Oct;43(10):2472-83
references.pmid: 23494559
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2010 Feb;14(2):64-71
references.pmid: 20060771
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Feb;34(1):215-20
references.pmid: 15333621
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2014 Nov;40(6):1244-53
references.pmid: 24609454
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2007 Sep;33(5):1213-20
references.pmid: 17164469
references.citation: Med Teach. 2005 Jan;27(1):10-28
references.pmid: 16147767
references.citation: Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2002 Fall;26(2):132-44
references.pmid: 12433216
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2004 Mar;55(3):302-8
references.pmid: 15001732
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2006 Mar;91(2):446-54
references.pmid: 16551195
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;163(3):411-7
references.pmid: 16513861
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2005 Oct;31(4):898-909
references.pmid: 16079391
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2009 Feb;107(2-3):186-91
references.pmid: 19046856
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998 Jun;20(3):310-9
references.pmid: 9845158
references.citation: BMJ. 2009 Jun 29;338:b2393
references.pmid: 19564179
references.citation: Front Behav Neurosci. 2013 Nov 26;7:180
references.pmid: 24324418
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Dec;64(6):1337-46
references.pmid: 8991320
references.citation: Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2008 Spring;31(4):280-90
references.pmid: 18407876
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;169(7):710-8
references.pmid: 22581070
references.citation: J Am Board Fam Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;22(4):387-98
references.pmid: 19587253
references.citation: Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2013 Dec;36(4):289-296
references.pmid: 24015913
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012 Feb;200(2):135-41
references.pmid: 22297310
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2011 May;62(5):545-7
references.pmid: 21532083
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2011 Sep 30;189(2):166-72
references.pmid: 21529970
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2006 Oct;32 Suppl 1:S12-23
references.pmid: 16885207
references.citation: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Nov;261 Suppl 2:S145-9
references.pmid: 21863344
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2012 Mar;135(1-3):100-4
references.pmid: 22197080
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1997 Nov 14;73(1-2):73-82
references.pmid: 9463840
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2011 Sep;37 Suppl 2:S91-7
references.pmid: 21860052
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2014 Jul;40(4):813-23
references.pmid: 23728248