title: Null mutation of the β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit attenuates nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonia in mice.
abstract: The anhedonic signs of nicotine withdrawal are predictive of smoking relapse rates in humans. Identification of the neurobiological substrates that mediate anhedonia will provide insights into the genetic variations that underlie individual responses to smoking cessation and relapse. The present study assessed the role of β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh receptor) subunits in nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonia using β2 nACh receptor subunit knockout (β2(-/-)) and wildtype (β2(+/+)) mice. Anhedonia was assessed with brain reward thresholds, defined as the current intensity that supports operant behavior in the discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation procedure. Nicotine was delivered chronically through osmotic minipumps for 28 days (40 mg/kg/day, base), and withdrawal was induced by either administering the broad-spectrum nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (i.e., antagonist-precipitated withdrawal) in mice chronically treated with nicotine or terminating chronic nicotine administration (i.e., spontaneous withdrawal). Mecamylamine (6 mg/kg, salt) significantly elevated brain reward thresholds in nicotine-treated β2(+/+) mice compared with saline-treated β2(+/+) mice and nicotine-treated β2(-/-) mice. Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal similarly resulted in significant elevations in thresholds in nicotine-withdrawing β2(+/+) mice compared with saline-treated β2(+/+) and nicotine-treated β2(-/-) mice, which remained at baseline levels. These results showed that precipitated and spontaneous nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonia was attenuated in β2(-/-) mice. The reduced expression of anhedonic signs during nicotine withdrawal in β2(-/-) mice may have resulted from the lack of neuroadaptations in β2 nACh receptor subunit expression and function that may have occurred during either nicotine exposure or nicotine withdrawal in wildtype mice. In conclusion, individuals with genetic variations that result in diminished function of the β2 nACh receptor subunit may experience less anhedonia during nicotine withdrawal, which may facilitate smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA.
authors.forename: Astrid K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stoker
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 447 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA. Electronic address: amarkou@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markou
mesh_terms: D059445:Anhedonia / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D017353:Gene Deletion; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008845:Microinjections; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D012201:Reward; D012653:Self Stimulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D008464:Mecamylamine; D009538:Nicotine; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic
keywords: Anhedonia; Beta2; Intracranial self-stimulation; Nicotine; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
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