title: Tooth eruption sequence and dental crowding: a case-control study.
abstract: When cases of dental crowding are identified and diagnosed promptly, interceptive orthodontics is particularly successful.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the differences in the eruption sequence of the mandibular canine and first premolar teeth in children with and without dental crowding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children who attended the Shiraz Dental School's orthodontic clinic (Iran) from September to December 2012 were enrolled in this case-control study. Tooth size arch length discrepancy (TSALD) of all 8-10 year olds was calculated from patients' dental models. Thirty-six children were randomly selected from those with TSALD of equal or less than 4mm (those with crowding). Each selected case was matched for sex and age with another child (as control) with TSALD>-4mm attending the same clinic, in the same time period. The existing panoramic radiographs were traced and the eruption percentages were measured for mandibular canine and first premolar teeth. The mean difference between canine and first premolar eruption percentages was compared between the case and control groups using the SPSS (version PASW 18) software and a paired sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canine and first premolar eruption percentages in the case group were 65.82±13.00 and 78.92±10.15 percent, respectively. The mean eruption percentages for canines and first premolars of the control group were 74.12±14.55 and 75.47±11.60 percent, respectively. There was a significant difference in pre-eruptive positions of canine and first premolar teeth in those with moderate to severe crowding when compared to the control group (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may improve the early diagnosis of children with high risk of developing moderate to severe crowding during mixed dentition.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontics Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moshkelgosha
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khosravifard
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golkari
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