title: The effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and enamel matrix derivative on the bioactivity of mineral trioxide aggregate in MC3T3-E1cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) respectively with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on hard tissue regeneration have been investigated in previous studies. This study aimed to compare the osteogenic effects of MTA/BMP-2 and MTA/EMD treatment in MC3T3-E1 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with MTA (ProRoot, Dentsply), BMP-2 (R&D Systems), EMD (Emdogain, Straumann) separately and MTA/BMP-2 or MTA/EMD combination. Mineralization was evaluated by staining the calcium deposits with alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Sigma-Aldrich) and Alizarin red (Sigma-Aldrich). The effects on the osteoblast differentiation were evaluated by the expressions of osteogenic markers, including ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and osteonectin (OSN), as determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR, AccuPower PCR, Bioneer).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mineralization increased in the BMP-2 and MTA/BMP-2 groups and increased to a lesser extent in the MTA/EMD group but appeared to decrease in the MTA-only group based on Alizarin red staining. ALP expression largely decreased in the EMD and MTA/EMD groups based on ALP staining. In the MTA/BMP-2 group, mRNA expression of OPN on day 3 and BSP and OCN on day 7 significantly increased. In the MTA/EMD group, OSN and OCN gene expression significantly increased on day 7, whereas ALP expression decreased on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the MTA/BMP-2 combination promoted more rapid differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells than did MTA/EMD during the early mineralization period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ulsan University Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngdan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ulsan University Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wonkyung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ulsan University Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ulsan University Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2); Enamel matrix derivative (EMD); MC3T3-E1 cell; Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2000 Aug 18;479(3):123-6
references.pmid: 10981719
references.citation: J Dent Res. 1994 Sep;73(9):1515-22
references.pmid: 7929986
references.citation: J Endocrinol. 2007 May;193(2):235-43
references.pmid: 17470514
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2013 Jun;228(6):1149-53
references.pmid: 23139068
references.citation: J Endod. 2001 Feb;27(2):110-2
references.pmid: 11491633
references.citation: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1996 Aug;6(4):432-8
references.pmid: 8791534
references.citation: Circ Res. 1999 Feb 5;84(2):166-78
references.pmid: 9933248
references.citation: Eur J Oral Sci. 2006 May;114 Suppl 1:205-11; discussion 254-6, 381-2
references.pmid: 16674687
references.citation: J Endod. 2009 Jun;35(6):847-51
references.pmid: 19482184
references.citation: J Endod. 2010 Mar;36(3):400-13
references.pmid: 20171353
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 May;66(5):388-96
references.pmid: 10773110
references.citation: J Endod. 2012 Mar;38(3):405-10
references.pmid: 22341085
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2008 Feb;79(2):341-7
references.pmid: 18251649
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Aug;106(2):304-8
references.pmid: 18547835
references.citation: Bone. 2007 Sep;41(3):462-73
references.pmid: 17572166
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Jun;109(6):e103-8
references.pmid: 20451825
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1989 Feb;4(1):37-45
references.pmid: 2718777
references.citation: Restor Dent Endod. 2013 Nov;38(4):194-203
references.pmid: 24303353
references.citation: Eur J Oral Sci. 2006 May;114 Suppl 1:239-43; discussion 254-6, 381-2
references.pmid: 16674692
references.citation: J Oral Pathol Med. 1993 Oct;22(9):406-10
references.pmid: 8301605
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 Jul;130(7):967-75
references.pmid: 10422400
references.citation: J Endod. 2009 Mar;35(3):321-8
references.pmid: 19249588
references.citation: Growth Factors. 2004 Dec;22(4):233-41
references.pmid: 15621726
references.citation: Bone. 2002 Feb;30(2):377-85
references.pmid: 11856645
references.citation: J Endod. 1997 Apr;23(4):225-8
references.pmid: 9594770
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1991 May;113(3):681-7
references.pmid: 1849907
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 1997 Sep;24(9 Pt 2):658-68
references.pmid: 9310870
references.citation: Eur J Oral Sci. 1998 Jan;106 Suppl 1:160-6
references.pmid: 9541220
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 5;97(25):13625-30
references.pmid: 11087820
references.citation: Arch Oral Biol. 1989;34(2):89-92
references.pmid: 2783051
references.citation: J Endod. 2009 May;35(5):682-5
references.pmid: 19410082
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Sep;13(9):1483-90
references.pmid: 9738522
references.citation: Head Face Med. 2011 Jul 18;7:13
references.pmid: 21767401