title: Genetic and pharmacological evidence that G2019S LRRK2 confers a hyperkinetic phenotype, resistant to motor decline associated with aging.
abstract: The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutation G2019S in the kinase-domain is the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. To investigate the impact of the G2019S mutation on motor activity in vivo, a longitudinal phenotyping approach was developed in knock-in (KI) mice bearing this kinase-enhancing mutation. Two cohorts of G2019S KI mice and wild-type littermates (WT) were subjected to behavioral tests, specific for akinesia, bradykinesia and overall gait ability, at different ages (3, 6, 10, 15 and 19months). The motor performance of G2019S KI mice remained stable up to the age of 19months and did not show the typical age-related decline in immobility time and stepping activity of WT. Several lines of evidence suggest that enhanced LRRK2 kinase activity is the main contributor to the observed hyperkinetic phenotype of G2019S KI mice: i) KI mice carrying a LRRK2 kinase-dead mutation (D1994S KD) showed a similar progressive motor decline as WT; ii) two LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, H-1152 and Nov-LRRK2-11, acutely reversed the hyperkinetic phenotype of G2019S KI mice, while being ineffective in WT or D1994S KD animals. LRRK2 target engagement in vivo was further substantiated by reduction of LRRK2 phosphorylation at Ser935 in the striatum and cortex at efficacious doses of Nov-LRRK2-11, and in the striatum at efficacious doses of H-1152. In summary, expression of the G2019S mutation in the mouse LRRK2 gene confers a hyperkinetic phenotype that is resistant to age-related motor decline, likely via enhancement of LRRK2 kinase activity. This study provides an in vivo model to investigate the effects of LRRK2 inhibitors on motor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Derya R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Shimshek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greggio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. Electronic address: m.morari@unife.it.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morari
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000375:Aging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C459092:2-methyl-1-((4-methyl-5-isoquinolinyl)sulfonyl)homopiperazine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012694:Serine; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Aging; D1994S knock-in; G2019S knock-in; H-1152; LRRK2; LRRK2 kinase inhibitors; LRRK2 kinase-dead; Nov-LRRK2-11; Parkinson's disease; Ser935 phosphorylation
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