title: Exploring facial emotion perception in schizophrenia using transcranial magnetic stimulation and spatial filtering.
abstract: Schizophrenia patients have difficulty extracting emotional information from facial expressions. Perception of facial emotion can be examined by systematically altering the spatial frequency of stimuli and suppressing visual processing with temporal precision using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In the present study, we compared 25 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls using a facial emotion identification task. Spatial processing was examined by presenting facial photographs that contained either high (HSF), low (LSF), or broadband/unfiltered (BSF) spatial frequencies. Temporal processing was manipulated using a single-pulse TMS delivered to the visual cortex either before (forward masking) or after (backward masking) photograph presentation. Consistent with previous studies, schizophrenia patients performed significantly below controls across all three spatial frequencies. A spatial frequency by forward/backward masking interaction effect demonstrated reduced performance in the forward masking component in the BSF condition and a reversed performance pattern in the HSF condition, with no significant differences between forward and backward masking in the LSF condition. However, the group by spatial frequency interaction was not significant. These findings indicate that manipulating visual suppression of emotional information at the level of the primary visual cortex results in comparable effects on both groups. This suggests that patients' deficits in facial emotion identification are not explained by low-level processes in the retino-geniculo-striate projection, but may rather depend on deficits of affect perception occurring at later integrative processing stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: yurir@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rassovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Junghee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Poorang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nori
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Allan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacoboni
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Bruno G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Breitmeyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs VISN-22 Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affect perception; Facial emotion; Schizophrenia; Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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