title: Responses of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and bacterial taxa to (fluoro)quinolones-containing manure in arable soil.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the fate of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and the disturbance of soil bacterial communities posed by (fluoro)quinolones (FQNs)-containing manure in arable soil. Representative FQNs (enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR)), PMQR genes (qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrS) and bacterial communities in untreated soil, +manure and +manure+FQNs groups were analyzed using culture independent methods. The significantly higher abundance of oqxA, oqxB and aac(6')-Ib-cr, and significantly higher abundance of qnrS in +manure group than those in untreated soil disappeared at day 30 and day 60, respectively. All PMQR genes (oqxA, oqxB, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrS) dissipated 1.5-1.7 times faster in +manure group than those in +manure+FQNs group. The disturbance of soil bacterial communities posed by FQNs-containing manure was also found. The results indicated that significant effects of PMQR genes (oqxA, oqxB, aac(6')-Ib and qnrS) on arable soils introduced by manure disappeared 2 month after manure application. FQNs introduced by manure slowed down the dissipation of PMQR genes. The presence of high FQNs provided a selective advantage for species affiliated to the phylum including Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes while suppressing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Wenguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yongxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Xueyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Wenfei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: zlzeng@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D015363:Quinolones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008372:Manure; D015363:Quinolones; D012987:Soil; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin
keywords: (Fluoro)quinolones; Bacterial community; Manure application; Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes