title: Mediation role of C-reactive protein on the association between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes in current Chinese smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have indicated that cigarette smokers are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and that both smoking and type 2 diabetes are associated with C-reactive protein (CRP). This study examined whether CRP mediates the association between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred and eighty-four current Chinese smokers were selected from a community-based chronic disease survey conducted in Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the WHO 1999 criteria. CRP was measured with flow cytometry. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the mediation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive association was observed between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher CRP levels. Current smokers with type 2 diabetes had higher CRP levels than smokers without type 2 diabetes. The association between the smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 50.77% of the association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence that smoking quantity is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and suggests that the association between smoking and type 2 diabetes might be mediated by CRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China ; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510300, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5468-6605
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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