title: Integrating autism-related symptoms into the dimensional internalizing and externalizing model of psychopathology. The TRAILS Study.
abstract: Problems associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) occur frequently in the general population and often co-occur with problems in other domains of psychopathology. In the research presented here these co-occurrence patterns were investigated by integrating a dimensional approach to ASDs into the more general dimensional framework of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Factor Analysis was used to develop hierarchical and bi-factor models covering multiple domains of psychopathology in three measurement waves of a longitudinal general population sample (N = 2,230, ages 10-17, 50.8% female). In all adequately fitting models, autism related problems were part of a specific domain of psychopathology that could be distinguished from the internalizing and externalizing domains. Optimal model fit was found for a bi-factor model with one non-specific factor and four specific factors related to internalizing, externalizing, autism spectrum problems and problems related to attention and orientation. Autism-related problems constitute a specific domain of psychopathology that can be distinguished from the internalizing and externalizing domains. In addition, the co-occurrence patterns in the data indicate the presence of a strong general factor.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, a.noordhof@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Arjen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noordhof
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.forename: Albertine J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Oldehinkel
authors.forename: Catharina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hartman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009426:Netherlands; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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