title: Internalized elevation perception of simple stimuli in cochlear-implant and normal-hearing listeners.
abstract: In normal-hearing (NH) listeners, elevation perception is produced by the spectral cues imposed by the pinna, head, and torso. Elevation perception in cochlear-implant (CI) listeners appears to be non-existent; this may be a result of poorly encoded spectral cues. In this study, an analog of elevation perception was investigated by having 15 CI and 8 NH listeners report the intracranial location of spectrally simple signals (single-electrode or bandlimited acoustic stimuli, respectively) in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Thirteen CI listeners and all of the NH listeners showed an association between place of stimulation (i.e., stimulus frequency) and perceived elevation, generally responding with higher elevations for more basal stimulation. This association persisted in the presence of a randomized temporal pitch, suggesting that listeners were not associating pitch with elevation. These data provide evidence that CI listeners might perceive changes in elevation if they were presented stimuli with sufficiently salient elevation cues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742.
authors.forename: Tanvi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goupell
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001299:Audiometry; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003463:Cues; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010898:Pitch Perception; D013017:Sound Localization; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Dec 24-31;396(6713):747-9
references.pmid: 9874370
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2005 Aug;118(2):1111-21
references.pmid: 16158665
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1968 Jun;43(6):1255-9
references.pmid: 5659493
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Oct;112(4):1583-96
references.pmid: 12398464
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Nov;92(5):2607-24
references.pmid: 1479124
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Feb;127(2):990-1001
references.pmid: 20136221
references.citation: Ear Hear. 2011 Mar-Apr;32(2):198-208
references.pmid: 21052005
references.citation: Annu Rev Psychol. 1991;42:135-59
references.pmid: 2018391
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1968 Jun;43(6):1260-6
references.pmid: 5659494
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1998 Jun;118(3):313-26
references.pmid: 9655204
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1999 Mar;119(2):229-33
references.pmid: 10320082
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Nov;124(5):3142-57
references.pmid: 19045799
references.citation: Am J Otolaryngol. 1983 May-Jun;4(3):165-73
references.pmid: 6881460
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Jul;92(1):597-9
references.pmid: 1512326
references.citation: Hear Res. 2002 Dec;174(1-2):101-6
references.pmid: 12433401
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1974 Dec;56(6):1829-34
references.pmid: 4443482
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 22;111(16):6104-8
references.pmid: 24711409
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Jan;127(1):400-14
references.pmid: 20058986
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Oct;130(4):2088-97
references.pmid: 21973363
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Mar;123(3):1522-43
references.pmid: 18345841
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 1992 Feb;51(2):182-6
references.pmid: 1549436
references.citation: J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2013 Apr;14(2):261-73
references.pmid: 23319012
references.citation: J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012 Feb;13(1):145-57
references.pmid: 22002609
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Jul;130(1):364-75
references.pmid: 21786905
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48739
references.pmid: 23152797
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Jun;99(6):3678-88
references.pmid: 8655799
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1998 Feb;79(2):1053-69
references.pmid: 9463461
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Feb;101(2):1050-63
references.pmid: 9035397
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1994 Jan;71(1):79-94
references.pmid: 8158243
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Apr;115(4):1705-13
references.pmid: 15101649
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Feb;133(2):EL101-7
references.pmid: 23363188
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1985 Nov;5(11):3094-109
references.pmid: 4056865
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1974 Sep;56(3):944-51
references.pmid: 4420742
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 1998 Sep;1(5):417-21
references.pmid: 10196533
references.citation: J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2014 Feb;15(1):115-29
references.pmid: 24258458
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Jul;132(1):369-79
references.pmid: 22779484
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1989 Jul;86(1):89-108
references.pmid: 2754111
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Apr;133(4):2272-87
references.pmid: 23556595
references.citation: J Am Acad Audiol. 2012 Jun;23(6):476-94
references.pmid: 22668767
references.citation: Audiol Neurootol. 2013;18(1):36-47
references.pmid: 23095305
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1990 Jun;87(6):2592-605
references.pmid: 2373794
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Oct;134(4):2923-36
references.pmid: 24116428