title: Food hypersensitivity is common in Swedish schoolchildren, especially oral reactions to fruit and gastrointestinal reactions to milk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the prevalence, symptom expression and risk factors for food hypersensitivity among Swedish schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 2585 (96% of invited) children aged 7-8 years completed a questionnaire regarding food hypersensitivity and allergic diseases. A random sample of 1700 children (90% of invited) also participated in skin prick testing with ten airborne allergens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of reported food hypersensitivity to milk, egg, fish, wheat, soya, fruits and, or, nuts was 21%, with symptoms caused by milk (9%) being the most common. The most frequently reported symptoms were oral symptoms (47.4%), mainly caused by fruit, and gastrointestinal symptoms (45.7%), mainly caused by milk. Factors associated with any food hypersensitivity were female sex, allergic heredity and a positive skin prick test. Eczema was consistently associated with symptoms caused by milk, egg, fish, wheat, soya, fruits and nuts. Rhinitis was associated to the same foods, except milk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported food hypersensitivity was common among Swedish schoolchildren. The most frequent symptom expressions were oral symptoms triggered by fruits and gastrointestinal symptoms triggered by milk. The high prevalence of reported symptoms should be validated by clinical examinations to provide a diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strinnholm
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winberg
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Linnea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rönmark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Child; Epidemiology; Food hypersensitivity; Prevalence; Risk factors