title: Benzaldehyde suppresses murine allergic asthma and rhinitis.
abstract: To evaluate the antiallergic effects of oral benzaldehyde in a murine model of allergic asthma and rhinitis, we divided 20 female BALB/c mice aged 8-10 weeks into nonallergic (intraperitoneally sensitized and intranasally challenged to normal saline), allergic (intraperitoneally sensitized and intranasally challenged to ovalbumin), and 200- and 400-mg/kg benzaldehyde (allergic but treated) groups. The number of nose-scratching events in 10 min, levels of total and ovalbumin-specific IgE in serum, differential counts of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, titers of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) in BAL fluid, histopathologic findings of lung and nasal tissues, and expressions of proteins involved in apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3), inflammation (COX-2), antioxidation (extracellular SOD, HO-1), and hypoxia (HIF-1α, VEGF) in lung tissue were evaluated. The treated mice had significantly fewer nose-scratching events, less inflammatory cell infiltration in lung and nasal tissues, and lower HIF-1α and VEGF expressions in lung tissue than the allergic group. The number of eosinophils and neutrophils and Th2 cytokine titers in BAL fluid significantly decreased after the treatment (P<0.05). These results imply that oral benzaldehyde exerts antiallergic effects in murine allergic asthma and rhinitis, possibly through inhibition of HIF-1α and VEGF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Shin
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: inhaorl@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young Hyo
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002452:Cell Count; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D016207:Cytokines; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; C032175:benzaldehyde
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Asthma; Benzaldehyde; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; Vascular endothelial growth factor