title: Increasing water stress negatively affects pear fruit growth by reducing first its xylem and then its phloem inflow.
abstract: Drought stress negatively affects many physiological parameters and determines lower yields and fruit size. This paper investigates on the effects of prolonged water restriction on leaf gas exchanges, water relations and fruit growth on a 24-h time-scale in order to understand how different physiological processes interact to each other to face increasing drought stress and affect pear productive performances during the season. The diurnal patterns of tree water relations, leaf gas exchanges, fruit growth, fruit vascular and transpiration flows were monitored at about 50, 95 and 145 days after full bloom (DAFB) on pear trees of the cv. Abbé Fétel, subjected to two irrigation regimes, corresponding to a water restitution of 100% and 25% of the estimated Etc, respectively. Drought stress progressively increased during the season due to lower soil tensions and higher daily vapour pressure deficits (VPDs). Stem water potential was the first parameter to be negatively affected by stress and determined the simultaneous reduction of fruit xylem flow, which at 95 DAFB was reflected by a decrease in fruit daily growth. Leaf photosynthesis was reduced only from 95 DAFB on, but was not immediately reflected by a decrease in fruit phloem flow, which instead was reduced only at 145 DAFB. This work shows how water stress negatively affects pear fruit growth by reducing first its xylem and then its phloem inflow. This determines a progressive increase in the phloem relative contribution to growth, which lead to the typical higher dry matter percentages of stressed fruit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: brunella.morandi@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Brunella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morandi
authors.affiliation: CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura [Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments], Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Losciale
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manfrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zibordi
authors.affiliation: CER-Consorzio per il Canale Emiliano Romagnolo, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anconelli
authors.affiliation: Fondazione F.lli Navarra, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pierpaoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corelli Grappadelli
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D055864:Droughts; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D052585:Phloem / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D031989:Pyrus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014197:Trees / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D052584:Xylem / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Drought stress; Fruit development; Leaf gas exchanges; Vascular flows; Water potential