title: Intracellular amyloid and the neuronal origin of Alzheimer neuritic plaques.
abstract: Genetic analysis of familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) causally links the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and AD. However, the specific type of amyloid and mechanisms of amyloid pathogenesis remain unclear. We conducted a detailed analysis of intracellular amyloid with an aggregation specific conformation dependent monoclonal antibody, M78, raised against fibrillar Aß42. M78 immunoreactivity colocalizes with Aß and the carboxyl terminus of APP (APP-CTF) immunoreactivities in perinuclear compartments at intermediate times in 10month 3XTg-AD mice, indicating that this represents misfolded and aggregated protein rather than normally folded APP. At 12months, M78 immunoreactivity also accumulates in the nucleus. Neuritic plaques at 12months display the same spatial organization of centrally colocalized M78, diffuse chromatin and neuronal nuclear NeuN staining surrounded by peripheral M78 and APP-CTF immunoreactivity as observed in neurons, indicating that neuritic plaques arise from degenerating neurons with intracellular amyloid immunoreactivity. The same staining pattern was observed in neuritic plaques in human AD brains, showing elevated intracellular M78 immunoreactivity at intermediate stages of amyloid pathology (Braak A and B) compared to no amyloid pathology and late stage amyloid pathology (Braak 0 and C, respectively). These results indicate that intraneuronal protein aggregation and amyloid accumulation is an early event in AD and that neuritic plaques are initiated by the degeneration and death of neurons by a mechanism that may be related to the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: apensalfini@NKI.RFMH.ORG.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pensalfini
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albay
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Margol
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.affiliation: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corrada
authors.affiliation: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kawas
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Biochemistry Department and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Glabe
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D053764:Presenilin-1; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: Alzheimer; Intracellular amyloid; Neuritic plaques; Nuclear pathology
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