title: Genetic diversity and evolution of Bradyrhizobium populations nodulating Erythrophleum fordii, an evergreen tree indigenous to the southern subtropical region of China.
abstract: The nodulation of Erythrophleum fordii has been recorded recently, but its microsymbionts have never been studied. To investigate the diversity and biogeography of rhizobia associated with this leguminous evergreen tree, root nodules were collected from the southern subtropical region of China. A total of 166 bacterial isolates were obtained from the nodules and characterized. In a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ribosomal intergenic sequences, the isolates were classified into 22 types within the genus Bradyrhizobium. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS), and the housekeeping genes recA and glnII classified the isolates into four groups: the Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi groups, comprising the dominant symbionts, Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense, and an unclassified group comprising the minor symbionts. The nodC and nifH phylogenetic trees defined five or six lineages among the isolates, which was largely consistent with the definition of genomic species. The phylogenetic results and evolutionary analysis demonstrated that mutation and vertical transmission of genes were the principal processes for the divergent evolution of Bradyrhizobium species associated with E. fordii, while lateral transfer and recombination of housekeeping and symbiotic genes were rare. The distribution of the dominant rhizobial populations was affected by soil pH and effective phosphorus. This is the first report to characterize E. fordii rhizobia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jun Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China suixh@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: En Tao
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen Xin
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D020369:Bradyrhizobium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C029130:nitrogenase reductase; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C060771:NodC protein, Rhizobiales
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