title: Effect of ethnicity on care pathway and outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the UK.
abstract: Data were extracted from the case records of UK patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. White and non-White patients were characterized by age, sex, socioeconomic status, pandemic wave and indicators of pre-morbid health status. Logistic regression examined differences by ethnicity in patient characteristics, care pathway and clinical outcomes; multivariable models controlled for potential confounders. Whites (n = 630) and non-Whites (n = 510) differed by age, socioeconomic status, pandemic wave of admission, pregnancy, recorded obesity, previous and current smoking, and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After adjustment for a priori confounders non-Whites were less likely to have received pre-admission antibiotics [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0·43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28-0·68, P < 0·001) but more likely to receive antiviral drugs as in-patients (aOR 1·53, 95% CI 1·08-2·18, P = 0·018). However, there were no significant differences by ethnicity in delayed admission, severity at presentation for admission, or likelihood of severe outcome.
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Myles
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool,Liverpool,UK.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust,Nottingham,UK.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Imperial College,London,UK.
authors.forename: P J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Openshaw
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton,Southampton,UK.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust,Portsmouth,UK.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust,London,UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brett
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland,Glasgow,UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMenamin
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Enstone
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, London,UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bannister
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,Leicester,UK.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Van-Tam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: pandemic
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