title: Biomimetic scaffolds facilitate healing of critical-sized segmental mandibular defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of biomimetic PLGA scaffolds, alone and in combination with bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), to heal a critical-sized segmental mandibular defect in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  ASCs were isolated and cultured from the inguinal fat of Lewis rat pups. Using three-dimensional printing, PLGA scaffolds were fabricated and impregnated with BMP-2 and/or ASCs. Critical-sized 5-mm segmental mandibular defects were created in adult Lewis rats and implanted with (1) blank PLGA scaffolds, (2) PLGA scaffolds with ASCs, (3) PLGA scaffolds with BMP, or (4) PLGA scaffolds with BMP and ASCs. Animals were sacrificed at 12weeks. Bone regeneration was assessed using microCT, and graded on a semi-quantitative bone formation and bone union scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight rats underwent creation of segmental mandibular defects with implantation of scaffolds. Nine rats suffered complications and were excluded from analysis, leaving 19 animals for inclusion in the study. MicroCT analysis demonstrated no bridging of the segmental bony defect in rats implanted with blank scaffolds (median bone union score=0). Rats implanted with scaffolds containing BMP-2 (median bone union=2.0), ASCs (median bone union=1.5), and combination of BMP and ASCs (median bone union=1.0) demonstrated healing of critical-sized segmental mandibular defects. Bone regeneration was most robust in the BMP-2 treated scaffolds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study utilizes a novel animal model to study the efficacy of biomimetic scaffolds carrying osteogenic factors to induce healing of a critical-sized segmental mandibular defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A, Basic Science Animal Research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: DeConde
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials, and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Walthers
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Ali R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sepahdari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elashoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bezouglaia
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetradis
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: mstjohn@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Maie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St John
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: taghaloo@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aghaloo
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins