title: ErbB targeting inhibitors repress cell migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cells by distinct signaling pathways.
abstract: ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases (ErbBs) play a role in cell adhesion and migration and are frequently overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) or esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs). Targeting ErbBs by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may therefore limit esophageal cancer cell migration. Here, we studied the impact of TKIs on ErbB dimerization, cell signaling pathways, and cell migration in three esophageal cell lines: OE21 (ESCC), OE33 (EAC), and Het-1A (non-neoplastic esophageal epithelium). In OE21 cells, the TKIs erlotinib, gefitinib, and lapatinib slightly affected epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR/EGFR, but not EGFR/HER2 dimerization as detected by in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA). Still, TKIs inhibited ERK1/2, Akt, STAT3, and RhoA activity in OE21 cells, as assessed by Western blot, antibody arrays, and Rho GTPase effector pull-down assays. This was accompanied by reduced OE21 cell migration, induction of focal adhesions, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization, as shown by Oris™ migration assay and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phalloidin staining. In contrast, in OE33 cells, only lapatinib decreased STAT5, Src family kinase (SFK), and FAK activity as well as β-catenin expression. This impeded cell migration and induced morphological changes in OE33 cells. No alterations were seen for the non-neoplastic Het-1A cells. Thus, we identified the ErbB signaling network as regulator of esophageal cancer cell's actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesions, and cell migration. ErbB targeted TKIs therefore also limit ESCC and EAC cell motility and migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) reduce esophageal cancer cell migration. Loss of cell migration is linked to reduced Akt, ERK1/2, STAT (3 or 5), FAK, SFKs, and RhoA activity. Clinical TKIs act via distinct signaling in the two main histotypes of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fichter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gudernatsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Camilla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Przypadlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology and Oncology Core Facility, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Follo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gudula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.|Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. silke.lassmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de.|Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany. silke.lassmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. silke.lassmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de.|BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. silke.lassmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lassmann
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D010590:Phalloidine / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010590:Phalloidine; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: ErbB; Esophageal cancer; FAK; Migration; RhoA; STATs; TKI
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