title: [Epidemiology of HIV].
abstract: Globally, an estimated 35 million people were living with HIV in 2012; of these, 69 % in sub-Saharan Africa. There were 2.3 million new HIV infections globally and 1.6 million AIDS deaths in 2012. As a result of large roll-out programs with integrated voluntary counselling and testing and prevention programs in resource limited settings, sexual transmission of HIV decreased substantially over the last years. However, the world is not on track to reduced HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. Especially in Eastern Europe and Asia prevention coverage for people who inject drugs remains low. In addition, effective prevention among these people is undermined by stigmatisation, discrimination, punitive policy frameworks and law enforcement practices, which discourage people from seeking the health and social services they need. Antiretroviral coverage among pregnant women living with HIV reached 62 % in 2012 resulting in a reduction of newly infected children by 35 % from 2009. In 2012, 9.7 million people in low and middle-income countries received antiretroviral therapy, representing 61 % of all who were eligible under the 2010 WHO HIV treatment guidelines. Under the 2013 guidelines, this represents only 34 % of the 28.3 million people eligible in 2013. A new concept to curb the HIV epidemic is "Test and Treat" which involves population-wide HIV tests with immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy among all HIV infected individuals. However, there are concerns regarding the sustainability of such treatment programs for decades due to lost to follow up and insufficient adherence and the danger of a large increase of resistant HIV which jeopardize the effectiveness of affordable treatments.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Infektionskrankheiten und Spitalhygiene, Universitätsspital Zürich.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ledergerber
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Infektiologie und Spitalhygiene, Universitätsspital Basel.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battegay
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002423:Cause of Death; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013557:Switzerland; D047568:Unsafe Sex
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents