title: Gender-based differences in cardiac remodeling and ILK expression after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender can influence post-infarction cardiac remodeling.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether gender influences left ventricular (LV) remodeling and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) after myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Female and male Wistar rats were assigned to one of three groups: sham, moderate MI (size: 20-39% of LV area), and large MI (size: ≥40% of LV area). MI was induced by coronary occlusion, and echocardiographic analysis was performed after six weeks to evaluate MI size as well as LV morphology and function. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to quantify ILK in the myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MI size was similar between genders. MI resulted in systolic dysfunction and enlargement of end-diastolic as well as end-systolic dimension of LV as a function of necrotic area size in both genders. Female rats with large MI showed a lower diastolic and systolic dilatation than the respective male rats; however, LV dysfunction was similar between genders. Gene and protein levels of ILK were increased in female rats with moderate and large infarctions, but only male rats with large infarctions showed an altered ILK mRNA level. A negative linear correlation was evident between LV dimensions and ILK expression in female rats with large MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-MI ILK expression is altered in a gender-specific manner, and higher ILK levels found in females may be sufficient to improve LV geometry but not LV function.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sofia
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrey Jorge
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ednei Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Martha Trindade
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Manchini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Aparecida Alves de
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vicente Paulo Castro
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo José Ferreira
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D000099200:Scaffold Protein ILK
chemical_list: D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099200:Scaffold Protein ILK
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