title: Thioetherification of chloroheteroarenes: a binuclear catalyst promotes wide scope and high functional-group tolerance.
abstract: A constrained binuclear palladium catalyst system affords selective thioetherification of a wide range of functionalized arenethiols with chloroheteroaromatic partners with the highest turnover numbers (TONs) reported to date and tolerates a large variety of reactive functions. The scope of this system includes the coupling of thiophenols with six- and five-membered 2-chloroheteroarenes (i.e., functionalized pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, pyrimidine, furane, and thiazole) and 3-bromoheteroarenes (i.e., pyridine and furane). Electron-rich congested thiophenols and fluorinated thiophenols are also suitable partners. The coupling of unprotected amino-2-chloropyridines with thiophenol and the successful employment of synthetically valuable chlorothiophenols are described with the same catalyst system. DFT studies attribute the high performance of this binuclear palladium catalyst to the decreased stability of thiolate-containing resting states. Palladium loading was as low as 0.2 mol %, which is important for industrial application and is a step forward in solving catalyst activation/deactivation problems.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR-CNRS 6302, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France).
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Platon
authors.forename: Novi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wijaya
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rampazzi
authors.forename: Luchao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yoann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rousselin
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeys
authors.forename: Jean-Cyrille
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hierso
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010720:Phosphines / Q000737:chemistry; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000737:chemistry; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D008024:Ligands; D010636:Phenols; D010720:Phosphines; D011719:Pyrazines; D011725:Pyridines; D011804:Quinolines; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D013844:Thiazoles; D010165:Palladium; C042983:thiophenol; C037219:quinoline; C044646:phosphine; C023666:pyridine; C039281:furan
keywords: binuclear catalyst; density-functional calculations; phosphane ligands; tetradentate ligands; thioetherification