title: Association between amygdala reactivity and a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism.
abstract: Essential for detection of relevant external stimuli and for fear processing, the amygdala is under modulatory influence of dopamine (DA). The DA transporter (DAT) is of fundamental importance for the regulation of DA transmission by mediating reuptake inactivation of extracellular DA. This study examined if a common functional variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT gene (SLC6A3) influences amygdala function during the processing of aversive emotional stimuli. Amygdala reactivity was examined by comparing regional cerebral blood flow, measured with positron emission tomography and [(15)O]water, during exposure to angry and neutral faces, respectively, in a Swedish sample comprising 32 patients with social anxiety disorder and 17 healthy volunteers. In a separate US sample, comprising 85 healthy volunteers studied with blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, amygdala reactivity was assessed by comparing the activity during exposure to threatening faces and neutral geometric shapes, respectively. In both the Swedish and the US sample, 9-repeat carriers displayed higher amygdala reactivity than 10-repeat homozygotes. The results suggest that this polymorphism contributes to individual variability in amygdala reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Åhs
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furmark
authors.affiliation: PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Departments of Anesthesiology and Radiology, Pain and Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linnman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, Medicine Research Centre, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bani
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, Medicine Research Centre, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pich
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, Medicine Research Centre, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bettica
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Henningsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Manuck
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Neuroscience and Duke Institute for Genome Science & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Nikolova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Neuroscience and Duke Institute for Genome Science & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fredrikson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Westberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D001143:Arousal / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; D010100:Oxygen
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