title: Inadvertent vaginal entry during cesarean delivery: a report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inadvertent vaginal entry is a rare intraoperative complication that may occur during cesarean deliveries performed in advanced labor or during emergency cesarean deliveries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two cases of inadvertent vaginal entry complicating cesarean delivre eries. The first cesarean delivery was performed after prolonged second stage of labor, complete cervical dilation, and failed trial of vacuum-assisted delivery. The second cesarean delivery was performed emergently for fetal bradycardia. In both cases unintentional vaginal entry via transverse vaginal incisions occurred. After we recognized the complication, we repaired the vaginal defect and ensured bladder integrity by retrograde filling in both cases. Both patients had uncomplicated postoperative courses and were discharged on the third postoperative day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once accidental vaginal entry occurs, prompt recognition and repair are imperative to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Justin N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Rasner
authors.forename: Ryan K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Brannon
authors.forename: Minda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000150:complications; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D014621:Vagina / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery