title: Phosphonate removal from discharged circulating cooling water using iron-carbon micro-electrolysis.
abstract: Phosphonate is a commonly used corrosion and scale inhibitor for a circulating cooling water (CCW) system. Its discharge could cause eutrophication of receiving waters. The iron-carbon (Fe/C) micro-electrolysis technology was used to degrade and remove phosphonate from discharged CCW. The influences of initial pH, Fe/C ratio (FCR) and temperature on phosphonate removal were investigated in a series of batch tests and optimized by response surface methodology. The quadratic model of phosphonate removal was obtained with satisfactory degrees of fitness. The optimum conditions with total phosphorus removal efficiency of 95% were obtained at pH 7.0, FCR of 1.25, and temperature of 45 °C. The phosphonate removal mechanisms were also studied. Phosphonate removal occurred predominantly via two consecutive reactive phases: the degradation of phosphonate complexes (Ca-phosphonate) and the precipitation of Fe/C micro-electrolysis products (PO₄(3-), Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺).
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yangbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xuelian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dalong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lu-Man
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Changyang Rd #2588, Shanghai 200090, China E-mail: zhouzhen@shiep.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Luochun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004572:Electrolysis / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D063065:Organophosphonates; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron