title: Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings under combined stress of bisphenol A and cadmium.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in the environment because of its continual application in plastics and the epoxy resin industry. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal element mainly used in smelting, electroplating, and plastic and dye manufacturing. Pollution as a result of BPA and Cd exists simultaneously in many agricultural regions. However, little information is available regarding the combined effects of BPA and Cd on plants. The combined effects of BPA and Cd on the photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings were investigated using noninvasive technology. Combined treatment with 1.5 mg/L BPA and 0.2 mg/L Cd synergistically improved the net photosynthetic rate (Pn ), initial fluorescence (F0 ), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv /Fm ), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII ), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and chlorophyll content. Combined treatment with 1.5 mg/L BPA and 3.0 mg/L Cd increased the F0 and decreased the Pn , Fv /Fm , ΦPSII , and ETR, whereas BPA and Cd exhibited an antagonistic effect. Furthermore, combined treatment with 17.2/50.0 mg/L BPA and 3.0/10.0 mg/L Cd synergistically decreased the Pn , Fv /Fm , ΦPSII , ETR, and chlorophyll content, although it increased the F0 . Finally, the effects of BPA and Cd on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content ceased when BPA stress was stopped.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Weiqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004579:Electron Transport; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005453:Fluorescence; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Cadmium; Chlorophyll; Combined effect; Soybean seedlings