title: Prophages in enterococcal isolates from renal transplant recipients: renal failure etiologies promote selection of strains.
abstract: Infections caused by commensal bacteria may be fatal for the patients under immunosuppressive therapy. This results also from difficulty in identification of high risk strains. Enterococcal infections are increasingly frequent but despite many studies on virulence traits, the difference between commensal and pathogenic strains remains unclear. Prophages are newly described as important elements in competition between strains during colonization, as well as pathogenicity of the strains. Here we evaluate a difference in presence of pp4, pp1, and pp7 prophages and ASA (aggregation substance) gene expression in enterococcal isolates from renal transplant recipients (RTx) with different etiology of the end-stage renal failure. Prophages sequence was screened by PCR in strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urine and feces of 19 RTx hospitalized at Medical University of Gdansk and 18 healthy volunteers. FLOW-FISH method with use of linear locked nucleic acid (LNA) probe was used to assess the ASA gene expression. Additionally, ability of biofilm formation was screened by crystal violet staining method. Presence of prophages was more frequent in fecal isolates from immunocompromised patients than in isolates from healthy volunteers. Additionally, both composition of prophages and ASA gene expression were related to the etiology of renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daca
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Do Studzienki 38 Street, 80-227 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1622-1807
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jarzembowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bryl
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Bolesław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dębska-Ślizień
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D066027:Transplant Recipients
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C065937:aggregation substance, Enterococcus faecalis
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