title: Effects of pretreatment with intravenous palonosetron for propofol-remifentanil-based anesthesia in breast and thyroid cancer surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We postulated that palonosetron, a novel antiemetic agent, might have the effect of alleviating injection pain from propofol and rocuronium. A double-blind, controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of palonosetron on injection pain during total intravenous anesthesia and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) using propofol-remifentanil in breast and thyroid cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Before injection of propofol and rocuronium, patients in group S (n = 30) received 4 ml of saline and patients in group P (n = 30) received 75 µg (1.5 ml) of palonosetron mixed with 2.5 ml of saline (n = 30). Patients were evaluated by a blinded anesthesiologist with regard to the scoring of injection pain of propofol, withdrawal response by rocuronium, PONV, shivering, postoperative pain, recall of pain, and overall satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences between groups in the incidence of injection pain due to propofol and rocuronium were insignificant. However, in group P, the severity of propofol-induced injection pain (3% vs. 33%, P = 0.003) and postoperative pain (P = 0.038) was significantly lower during the first 12 h after surgery. No differences were observed between the groups with respect to PONV, shivering, recall of pain, and overall satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that pretreatment of palonosetron was effective to reduce the severity of propofol-induced injection pain and early postoperative pain, although it did not reduce the incidence of injection pain from propofol and rocuronium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kye Hyeok
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Pain; Palonosetron; Postoperative nausea and vomiting; Propofol
references.citation: Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011 Oct;61(4):288-91
references.pmid: 22110880
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 30;24(2):312-3
references.pmid: 18972571
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2001 Sep;56(9):902-5
references.pmid: 11531681
references.citation: Drugs. 1998 Feb;55(2):173-89
references.pmid: 9506240
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1996 Oct;77(4):463-7
references.pmid: 8942329
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Mar 29;560(1):1-8
references.pmid: 17316606
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1997 Sep;79(3):382-3
references.pmid: 9389860
references.citation: Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011 Jun;60(6):416-21
references.pmid: 21738844
references.citation: Korean J Pain. 2013 Apr;26(2):125-9
references.pmid: 23614072
references.citation: J Anesth. 2011 Dec;25(6):917-22
references.pmid: 21964679
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 1999 Jul;89(1):197-9
references.pmid: 10389803
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1996 Apr 26;208(3):203-7
references.pmid: 8733305
references.citation: Neuropharmacology. 2013 Oct;73:241-6
references.pmid: 23747573
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 1997 Nov;85(5):1116-21
references.pmid: 9356111
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2003 Oct;14(10):1570-7
references.pmid: 14504060
references.citation: Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2006 Apr;10(2):101-6
references.pmid: 16539862
references.citation: BMJ. 2011 Mar 15;342:d1110
references.pmid: 21406529
references.citation: Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011 Jul;61(1):30-4
references.pmid: 21860748
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov;97(5):1474-1478
references.pmid: 14570668
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2008 Aug;107(2):469-78
references.pmid: 18633025
references.citation: Saudi J Anaesth. 2011 Jan;5(1):50-4
references.pmid: 21655017
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 1990 Jun;45(6):443-4
references.pmid: 2200300
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 1999 Apr;88(4):746-8
references.pmid: 10195516
references.citation: J Anesth. 2013 Aug;27(4):535-40
references.pmid: 23334613
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2008 Aug;107(2):439-44
references.pmid: 18633021
references.citation: Drugs. 2009 Nov 12;69(16):2257-78
references.pmid: 19852528
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 1999 May;88(5):1085-91
references.pmid: 10320175
references.citation: Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2000 Mar;17(3):197-203
references.pmid: 10758471
references.citation: Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2003 Mar;20(3):245-53
references.pmid: 12650497