title: A smart medication recommendation model for the electronic prescription.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The report from the Institute of Medicine, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System in 1999 drew a special attention towards preventable medical errors and patient safety. The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 and federal criteria of 'Meaningful use' stage 1 mandated e-prescribing to be used by eligible providers in order to access Medicaid and Medicare incentive payments. Inappropriate prescribing has been identified as a preventable cause of at least 20% of drug-related adverse events. A few studies reported system-related errors and have offered targeted recommendations on improving and enhancing e-prescribing system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to enhance efficiency of the e-prescribing system by shortening the medication list, reducing the risk of inappropriate selection of medication, as well as in reducing the prescribing time of physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  103.48 million prescriptions from Taiwan's national health insurance claim data were used to compute Diagnosis-Medication association. Furthermore, 100,000 prescriptions were randomly selected to develop a smart medication recommendation model by using association rules of data mining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The important contribution of this model is to introduce a new concept called Mean Prescription Rank (MPR) of prescriptions and Coverage Rate (CR) of prescriptions. A proactive medication list (PML) was computed using MPR and CR. With this model the medication drop-down menu is significantly shortened, thereby reducing medication selection errors and prescription times. The physicians will still select relevant medications even in the case of inappropriate (unintentional) selection.
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: drshabbir786@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shabbir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Syed-Abdul
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: alexnthhp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: frank0202@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, School of Health Care Administration, Taiwan. Electronic address: jj@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Shan
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: usman.iqbal85@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: College of Medical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: vyang@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: 701056@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taiwan. Electronic address: jaak88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016303:Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D055695:Electronic Prescribing; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Diagnosis-Medication association; Inappropriate prescription; Medications; NHI database; Smart medication recommendation model