title: Augmenting Plasticity Induction in Human Motor Cortex by Disinhibition Stimulation.
abstract: Cellular studies showed that disinhibition, evoked pharmacologically or by a suitably timed priming stimulus, can augment long-term plasticity (LTP) induction. We demonstrated previously that transcranial magnetic stimulation evokes a period of presumably GABA(B)ergic late cortical disinhibition (LCD) in human primary motor cortex (M1). Here, we hypothesized that, in keeping with cellular studies, LCD can augment LTP-like plasticity in humans. In Experiment 1, patterned repetitive TMS was applied to left M1, consisting of 6 trains (intertrain interval, 8 s) of 4 doublets (interpulse interval equal to individual peak I-wave facilitation, 1.3-1.5 ms) spaced by the individual peak LCD (interdoublet interval (IDI), 200-250 ms). This intervention (total of 48 pulses applied over ∼45 s) increased motor-evoked potential amplitude, a marker of corticospinal excitability, in a right hand muscle by 147% ± 4%. Control experiments showed that IDIs shorter or longer than LCD did not result in LTP-like plasticity. Experiment 2 indicated topographic specificity to the M1 hand region stimulated by TMS and duration of the LTP-like plasticity of 60 min. In conclusion, GABA(B)ergic LCD offers a powerful new approach for augmenting LTP-like plasticity induction in human cortex. We refer to this protocol as disinhibition stimulation (DIS).
authors.affiliation: Australian Neuro-Muscular Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robin F H
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cash
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Australian Neuro-Muscular Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Thickbroom
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ziemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: I-waves; LTP-like plasticity; late cortical disinhibition; motor cortex; transcranial magnetic stimulation
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Dec;24(4):989-1002
references.pmid: 10624961
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2008 Feb;184(4):571-7
references.pmid: 17899042
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Sep 1;18(17):7000-7
references.pmid: 9712668
references.citation: J Physiol. 2002 Nov 15;545(1):153-67
references.pmid: 12433957
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1991 Nov;66(5):1704-15
references.pmid: 1684990
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Dec;118(12):2672-82
references.pmid: 17977788
references.citation: J Physiol. 2010 Sep 15;588(Pt 18):3445-56
references.pmid: 20660566
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2009 Mar;193(4):555-63
references.pmid: 19048237
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Apr;231(8):1789-96
references.pmid: 23907651
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2013 Jul;23(7):1593-605
references.pmid: 22661405
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Mar;18(3):563-70
references.pmid: 17573373
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Jan 15;586(2):495-514
references.pmid: 17991698
references.citation: Nature. 1983 Feb 17-23;301(5901):603-4
references.pmid: 6298626
references.citation: Brain. 1994 Aug;117 ( Pt 4):847-58
references.pmid: 7922470
references.citation: Brain Res. 1988 Feb 16;441(1-2):111-8
references.pmid: 2896049
references.citation: Brain. 2000 Mar;123 Pt 3:572-84
references.pmid: 10686179
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Aug 13;28(33):8285-93
references.pmid: 18701691
references.citation: Acta Physiol Scand. 1985 Sep;125(1):159-72
references.pmid: 2996303
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2010 Oct;32(7):1215-22
references.pmid: 20726885
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2011 Jan;105(1):100-6
references.pmid: 20943947
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3661-5
references.pmid: 10716702
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2013 Jan;109(1):106-12
references.pmid: 23076105
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2009 Feb;193(1):1-7
references.pmid: 18850091
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2014 May 21;34(21):7314-21
references.pmid: 24849363
references.citation: J Physiol. 2010 Jul 1;588(Pt 13):2291-304
references.pmid: 20478978
references.citation: Brain Res. 1989 May 1;486(1):26-32
references.pmid: 2720432
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2011 May;122(5):1011-8
references.pmid: 20869307
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Feb;23(3):822-9
references.pmid: 16487162
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2000 Mar;83(3):1426-34
references.pmid: 10712469
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1995 Jul;15(7 Pt 2):5324-33
references.pmid: 7623155
references.citation: Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1996;56(1):397-405
references.pmid: 8787200
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2011 Oct 24;504(2):93-97
references.pmid: 21939737
references.citation: Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1992;7:119-34
references.pmid: 1334658
references.citation: Brain. 1993 Jun;116 ( Pt 3):511-25
references.pmid: 8513390
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jan;103(1):511-8
references.pmid: 19923244
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 Mar;121(3):426-30
references.pmid: 20006546
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1993 Jun;13(6):2477-82
references.pmid: 8099125
references.citation: J Physiol. 1999 Jun 1;517 ( Pt 2):591-7
references.pmid: 10332104
references.citation: Synapse. 1997 Jan;25(1):62-72
references.pmid: 8987149
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Feb 1;18(3):1115-23
references.pmid: 9437031
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2000 May;111(5):794-9
references.pmid: 10802448
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1999;93(4):1241-9
references.pmid: 10501448
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1992 Dec;85(6):355-64
references.pmid: 1282453
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2011 Feb 15;195(2):241-8
references.pmid: 21144864
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1996 Aug;76(2):1282-96
references.pmid: 8871236
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1994 Jun;71(6):2543-7
references.pmid: 7931533
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2002 Jul;113(7):1165-71
references.pmid: 12088713
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2007 Jul;180(4):583-93
references.pmid: 17562028
references.citation: J Physiol. 2011 Jun 15;589(Pt 12):2955-62
references.pmid: 21540341
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2002 Aug;59(8):1278-82
references.pmid: 12164724
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1996 May;75(5):1765-78
references.pmid: 8734579
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Jan 20;45(2):201-6
references.pmid: 15664172
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Dec;120(12):2008-2039
references.pmid: 19833552
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2009 Dec;102(6):3180-90
references.pmid: 19726723
references.citation: Nature. 1991 Feb 14;349(6310):609-11
references.pmid: 1847993
references.citation: J Physiol. 1996 Oct 15;496 ( Pt 2):451-70
references.pmid: 8910229
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 May;115(5):1063-8
references.pmid: 15066531
references.citation: J Physiol. 1998 Jun 1;509 ( Pt 2):607-18
references.pmid: 9575308
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Jan;117(1):61-6
references.pmid: 16326137
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 May;123(5):858-82
references.pmid: 22349304
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2006 Aug;173(1):86-93
references.pmid: 16489434
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 16;29(50):15836-45
references.pmid: 20016099
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Dec 1;586(23):5717-25
references.pmid: 18845611
references.citation: Brain Res. 1987 Dec 1;435(1-2):227-34
references.pmid: 3427453
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Jun 14;26(24):6610-7
references.pmid: 16775149
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1997 Dec;105(6):415-21
references.pmid: 9448642
references.citation: Brain Res. 1983 Sep 19;275(1):153-8
references.pmid: 6313124
references.citation: Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):985-8
references.pmid: 3704635
references.citation: J Physiol. 1988 May;399:301-12
references.pmid: 2900333
references.citation: Brain Res. 2007 Aug 29;1166:20-8
references.pmid: 17669373
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2011 Jul;122(7):1411-6
references.pmid: 21195662
references.citation: J Physiol. 2000 Dec 15;529 Pt 3:625-46
references.pmid: 11118494
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1988 Nov;8(11):4079-88
references.pmid: 3183713
references.citation: J Physiol. 2001 Dec 1;537(Pt 2):623-31
references.pmid: 11731592
references.citation: Brain. 2001 Jun;124(Pt 6):1171-81
references.pmid: 11353733
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Sep;18(9):2046-53
references.pmid: 18165282
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2007 Aug;181(4):615-26
references.pmid: 17487476
references.citation: J Physiol. 2006 Sep 15;575(Pt 3):721-6
references.pmid: 16809358
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1996 Apr;109(1):127-35
references.pmid: 8740215
references.citation: Brain Stimul. 2008 Oct;1(4):345-62
references.pmid: 20633393
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2002 Dec;52(6):755-61
references.pmid: 12447929
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2007 Jun;180(1):181-6
references.pmid: 17351767
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113
references.pmid: 5146491
references.citation: J Physiol. 1993 Nov;471:501-19
references.pmid: 8120818
references.citation: J Physiol. 2006 Sep 1;575(Pt 2):657-70
references.pmid: 16825301
references.citation: J Physiol. 1993 Apr;463:391-407
references.pmid: 8246190
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1986 Sep 12;69(3):244-8
references.pmid: 3763054
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Apr;89(2):120-30
references.pmid: 7683602
references.citation: Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1718-20
references.pmid: 1675489
references.citation: Brain Res. 1988 Jan 12;438(1-2):331-4
references.pmid: 3345440
references.citation: J Physiol. 2001 Jan 15;530(Pt 2):307-17
references.pmid: 11208978
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2003 Dec;114(12):2362-9
references.pmid: 14652096
references.citation: J Physiol. 1990 May;424:513-31
references.pmid: 2167975
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998 Jan;108(1):1-16
references.pmid: 9474057
references.citation: Neuron. 2006 May 18;50(4):589-601
references.pmid: 16701209
references.citation: Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1385-7
references.pmid: 2551038
references.citation: BMC Neurosci. 2011 May 18;12:45
references.pmid: 21592344
references.citation: Brain Res. 1986 Mar 19;368(2):347-50
references.pmid: 3697730
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 Mar;110(3):575-81
references.pmid: 10363781
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2011 Oct;21(10):2299-306
references.pmid: 21350047
references.citation: J Physiol. 2002 Jul 15;542(Pt 2):583-98
references.pmid: 12122155