title: The relationship between glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms, stressful life events, social support, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is debatable whether or not glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms moderate susceptibility to PTSD. Our objective was to examine the effects of stressful life events, social support, GR genotypes, and gene-environment interactions on the etiology of PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms, trauma events, stressful life events, and social support were assessed in 460 patients with PTSD and 1158 control subjects from a Chinese Han population. Gene-environment interactions were analyzed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variation in GR at rs41423247 and rs258747, stressful life events, social support, and the number of traumatic events were each separately associated with the risk for PTSD. A gene-environment interaction among the polymorphisms, rs41423247 and rs258747, the number of traumatic events, stressful life events, and social support resulted in an increased risk for PTSD. High-risk individuals (a large number of traumatic events, G allele of rs258747 and rs41423247, high level stressful life events, and low social support) had a 3.26-fold increased risk of developing PTSD compared to low-risk individuals. The association was statistically significant in the sub-groups with and without childhood trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the notion that stressful life events, the number of trauma events, and social support may play a contributing role in the risk for PTSD by interacting with GR gene polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. lianyulong444@163.com.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Suzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Fuye
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid
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