title: Responses of a free-living benthic marine nematode community to bioremediation of a PAH mixture.
abstract: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the responses of benthic nematodes to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination and (2) to test bioremediation techniques for their efficiency in PAH degradation and their effects on nematodes. Sediments with their natural nematofauna communities from Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia) were subjected to a PAH mixture (100 ppm) of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene during 30 days. Nematode abundance and diversity significantly decreased, and the taxonomic structure was altered. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data revealed that PAH treatments were significantly different from the control. Spirinia parasitifera became the dominant species (70 % relative abundance) and appeared to be an "opportunistic" species to PAH contamination while Oncholaimus campylocercoides and Neochromadora peocilosoma were strongly inhibited. Biostimulation (addition of mineral salt medium) and bioaugmentation (inoculation of a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium) were used as bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation treatments enhanced degradation of all three PAHs, with up to 96 % degradation for phenanthrene resulting in a significant stimulation of nematode abundance relative to control microcosms. Nevertheless, these treatments, especially the biostimulation provoked a weak impact on the community structure and diversity index relative to the control microcosms suggesting their feasibility in biorestoration of contaminated sediments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia. hela.louati@yahoo.fr.|Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IFREMER- IRD-ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2, 34090, Montpellier, France. hela.louati@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Hela
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Louati
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.|Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Olfa Ben
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.|Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cravo-Laureau
authors.affiliation: Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aissa
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ezzeddine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.|Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IFREMER- IRD-ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2, 34090, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pringault
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000378:metabolism; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009348:Nematoda; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014416:Tunisia; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005449:Fluorenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011721:Pyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C007738:fluoranthene; C031181:phenanthrene; C030984:pyrene
keywords: Bioaugmentation; Biostimulation; Community response; Free-living nematodes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sediment
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