title: Neuromechanical interference of posture on movement: evidence from Alexander technique teachers rising from a chair.
abstract: While Alexander technique (AT) teachers have been reported to stand up by shifting weight gradually as they incline the trunk forward, healthy untrained (HU) adults appear unable to rise in this way. This study examines the hypothesis that HU have difficulty rising smoothly, and that this difficulty relates to reported differences in postural stiffness between groups. A wide range of movement durations (1-8 s) and anteroposterior foot placements were studied under the instruction to rise at a uniform rate. Before seat-off (SO) there were clear and profound performance differences between groups, particularly for slower movements, that could not be explained by strength differences. For each movement duration, HU used approximately twice the forward center-of-mass (CoM) velocity and vertical feet-loading rate as AT. For slow movements, HU violated task instruction by abruptly speeding up and rapidly shifting weight just before SO. In contrast, AT shifted weight gradually while smoothly advancing the CoM, achieving a more anterior CoM at SO. A neuromechanical model revealed a mechanism whereby stiffness affects standing up by exacerbating a conflict between postural and balance constraints. Thus activating leg extensors to take body weight hinders forward CoM progression toward the feet. HU's abrupt weight shift can be explained by reliance on momentum to stretch stiff leg extensors. AT's smooth rises can be explained by heightened dynamic tone control that reduces leg extensor resistance and improves force transmission across the trunk. Our results suggest postural control shapes movement coordination through a dynamic "postural frame" that affects the resistive behavior of the body.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Mian
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom brian.day@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011361:Professional Competence; D060726:Torso
keywords: Alexander technique; balance; movement; muscle tone; posture; sit-to-stand
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