title: Biomineralized matrix-assisted osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.
abstract: The physical and chemical properties of a matrix play an important role in determining various cellular behaviors, including lineage specificity. We demonstrate that the differentiation commitment of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), bothin vitroandin vivo,can be solely achieved through synthetic biomaterials. hESCs were cultured using mineralized synthetic matrices mimicking a calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich bone environment differentiated into osteoblasts in the absence of any osteogenic inducing supplements. When implantedin vivo, these hESC-laden mineralized matrices contributed to ectopic bone tissue formation. In contrast, cells within the corresponding non-mineralized matrices underwent either osteogenic or adipogenic fate depending upon the local cues present in the microenvironment. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration where synthetic matrices are shown to induce terminal cell fate specification of hESCs exclusively by biomaterial-based cues bothin vitroandin vivo. Technologies that utilize tissue specific cell-matrix interactions to control stem cell fate could be a powerful tool in regenerative medicine. Such approaches can be used as a tool to advance our basic understanding and assess the translational potential of stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Heemin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China.
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Yongsung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Ru V
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Mrityunjoy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Shyni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varghese
keywords: Biomaterial; Bone mimetic matrices; Embryonic Stem Cells; Mineralization; Osteogenic differentiation
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