title: HIV protease inhibitors in gut barrier dysfunction and liver injury.
abstract: The development of HIV protease inhibitors (HIV PIs) has been one of the most significant advances of the past two decades in controlling HIV infection. HIV PIs have been used successfully in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection, which is currently the most effective treatment available. Incorporation of HIV PIs in HAART causes profound and sustained suppression of viral replication, significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality of HIV infection, and prolongs the lifespan of HIV patients. However, in the era of HAART, drug-induced gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and hepatotoxicity have emerged as important potential complications of HIV therapy, particularly those regimens containing HIV PIs. In this mini-review, we highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms of HIV PI-associated GI and liver injury.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States.
authors.forename: Yunzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
authors.forename: Kesong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States; School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States. Electronic address: hzhou@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors
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