title: Animal laboratory, interactive and computer based learning, in enhancing basic concepts in physiology: an outlook of 481 undergraduate medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laboratory exercises are intended to illustrate concepts and add an active learning component to courses. Since 1980s, there has been a decline in animal laboratories in medical physiology courses. Other cost-effective non-aninmal alternatives are being sought. The present study was designed to find out the students' opinion regarding the animal versus computer lab and whether innovative teaching methodologies helped students achieve their goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Opinions of 481 female in medical students of 2nd and 3rd year MBBS were included in the study. A questionnaire based on animal/computer based experiments and new teaching methodologies in physiology was voluntarily filled in by the students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of students immensely benefited from both the animal lab and other teaching methodologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although computer based learning is considered effective in helping students acquire basic concepts, there is evidence that some students acquire a more thorough understanding of the material through more advanced and challenging experience of an animal laboratory. The fact that such labs as well various teaching methods offer distinct educational advantages should be taken into account when courses are designed.
authors.forename: Najla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Shireen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khawar
authors.forename: Miraa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qutab
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayub
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D010154:Pakistan; D010827:Physiology / Q000193:education*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*