title: Seeking help: B cells adapting to flu variability.
abstract: The study of influenza vaccines has revealed potential interactions between preexisting immunological memory and antigenic context and/or adjuvantation. In the face of antigenic diversity, the process of generating B cell adaptability is driven by cross-reactive CD4 memory cells, such as T follicular helper cells from previous infections or vaccinations. Although such "helped" B cells are capable of adapting to variant antigens, lack of CD4 help could lead to a suboptimal antibody response. Collectively, this indicates an interplay between CD4 T cells, adjuvant, and B cell adaptability.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium. robbert.x.van-der-most@gsk.com.
authors.forename: Robbert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: van der Most
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: François P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, King of Prussia, PA 19406-2772, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Innis
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hanon
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillard
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walravens
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wettendorff
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines