title: Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic epithelial cells: synergism of pulsed electromagnetic field and biochemical stimuli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) is a non-invasive physical therapy used in the treatment of fracture nonunion or delayed healing. PEMF can facilitate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) have been proposed as a potential source of stem cells for cell therapy. However, whether PEMF could modulate the osteogenic differentiation of AECs is unknown. In the present study, the effects of PEMF on the osteogenic differentiation of AECs were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  AECs were isolated from amniotic membrane of human placenta by trypsin digestion and were induced by PEMF and/or osteo-induction medium. After 21 days we used real time RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry to study the expression of osteoblast markers. The signal transduction of osteogenesis was further investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PEMF stimulation, or osteo-induction medium alone could induce osteogenic differentiation of AECs, as shown by expression of osteoblast specific genes and proteins including alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Furthermore, a combination of PEMF and osteo-induction medium had synergy effects on osteogenic differentiation. In our study, the gene expression of BMP-2, Runx2, β-catenin, Nrf2, Keap1 and integrinβ1 were up-regulated in the osteogenic differentiation of AECs induced by PEMF and/or osteo-induction medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined application of PEMF and osteo-induction medium is synergistic for the osteogenic differentiation of AECs. It might be a novel approach in the bone regenerative medicine.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Huaiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chengqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Fengming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P, R, China. xiaojingliu67@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media
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