title: Efficacy of S-1 in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative, including three pharmacological compounds: tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil, in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4: 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review addresses the clinical evidence of S-1 in NSCLC in various clinical settings. Currently, S-1 for NSCLC is approved only in Japan. Prospective studies of S-1 as front-line and second-line chemotherapy with or without other agents and concurrent chemoradiotherapy are mainly reviewed. Only two Phase III clinical trials were published or presented for advanced NSCLC. S-1 and cisplatin is an active first-line chemotherapy regimen for advanced NSCLC and S-1 and carboplatin is noninferior to a carboplatin and paclitaexel regimen. The combination of S-1 and a platinum agent is active against NSCLC, regardless of tumor histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is becoming possible to design effective regimens with S-1 against NSCLC in various clinical settings considering the ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics and a greater understanding of the underlying molecular pathways or biomarkers of NSCLC. Further Phase III studies with S-1 for both early and advanced NSCLC are warranted worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Otemae Hospital, Federation of National Public Services and Affiliated Personnel Mutual Aid Associations , 1-5-34, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0008 , Japan +81 66941 0484 ; +81 66942 2848 ; kawaharam@otemae.gr.jp.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawahara
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: NSCLC; S-1; antimetabolite; review