title: Parasites enhance self-grooming behaviour and information retention in humans.
abstract: Self-grooming is a common behavioural strategy used by various animals to reduce parasite loads. We experimentally tested the adaptive significance of self-grooming model in a sample of Slovak participants. Propensity to self-grooming was activated by visual presence of parasites with verbal information about health risks caused by parasites suggesting that the programmed grooming model works in humans. People who think of themselves as more vulnerable to disease transmission reported higher frequency of self-grooming suggesting that there is a link between the immune system and parasite avoidance behaviour. Considering that the emotion of disgust plays a role in activation of parasite avoidance behaviour, we suggested that knowledge of disgusting stimuli (parasites) would be better retained than knowledge of non-disgusting (hormones), and, thus, non-life-threatening stimuli. As expected, knowledge on parasites tested immediately after the experiment was significantly better than knowledge on hormones suggesting that survival-relevant information is better retained than survival-irrelevant data. However, scores on memory tests did not seem to be influenced by the individual's immune system. Overall, this study showed that self-grooming in humans is functional when disease threat is salient. Human memory systems are tuned to information relevant to survival providing further evidence that human cognition is shaped by natural selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia; Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: pavol.prokop@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prokop
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fančovičová
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Ecology, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: fedor@nic.fns.uniba.sk.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fedor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disease; Grooming; Human; Memory; Parasites