title: Topical cyclosporine a 1% for the treatment of chronic ocular surface inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) 1% emulsion in the treatment of chronic ocular surface inflammation (OSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with various forms of OSI treated with topical CsA 1% from 2001 to 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients (52 eyes) with various forms of OSI, including epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (n=14), chronic follicular conjunctivitis (n=12), Thygeson superficial punctate keratopathy (n=2), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (n=1), were included. Twenty-seven patients had inflammation refractory to prior therapies. Twenty-four patients received concurrent medications with CsA 1%. Twenty-three of 24 patients on concurrent corticosteroids (CS) were able to taper their use while receiving CsA 1%. Thirteen patients experienced ocular discomfort with CsA 1%; one patient discontinued therapy all together as a result of these side effects; another switched to CsA 0.5% with improvement of adverse symptoms. Inflammation was controlled in 22 (92%) of the 24 patients who received CsA 1% for at least 2 months in duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical CsA 1% helps to control inflammation and spares CS use in patients with chronic OSI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (A.R., A.M.K., J.S.K., N.V.N., C.F., E.K., D.S.C.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; and Metropolitan Eye Research and Surgery Institute (D.S.C.), Palisades Park, NJ.
authors.forename: Ashwinee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ragam
authors.forename: Anton M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kolomeyer
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Natasha V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Eliott
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016572:Cyclosporine