title: Polymorphism of DNA repair genes OGG1, XRCC1, XPD and ERCC6 in bladder cancer in Belarus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study of DNA base and nucleotide excision repair gene polymorphisms in bladder cancer seems to have a predictive value because of the evident relationship between the DNA damage response induced by environmental mutagens and cancer predisposition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine OGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Asp312Asn, and ERCC6 Met1097Val polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients as compared to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both groups were predominantly represented by Belarusians and Eastern Slavs. DNA samples from 336 patients and 370 controls were genotyped using a PCR-RFLP method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype distributions were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The minor allele frequencies in the control population were in the range of those in Caucasians in contrast to Asians. The OGG1 326 Ser/Cys and XPD 312 Asp/Asn heterozygous genotypes were inversely associated with cancer risk (OR [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.50-0.95] and 1.35 [1.0-1.82], respectively). The contrasting effects of these genotypes were potentiated due to their interactions with smoking habit or age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among four DNA repair gene polymorphisms, the OGG1 326 Ser/Cys and XPD 312 Asp/Asn heterozygous genotypes might be recognized as potential genetic markers modifying susceptibility to bladder cancer in Belarus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Minsk , Republic of Belarus .
authors.forename: Volha P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ramaniuk
authors.forename: Nataliya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nikitchenko
authors.forename: Nataliya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Savina
authors.forename: Tatyana D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kuzhir
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Rolevich
authors.forename: Sergei A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Krasny
authors.forename: Vadim E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Sushinsky
authors.forename: Roza I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Goncharova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D002094:Republic of Belarus; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C479058:oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human; D004265:DNA Helicases; C078673:ERCC6 protein, human; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes
keywords: Bladder cancer; DNA repair gene polymorphisms; ERCC6; OGG1; XPD; XRCC1