title: The effect of double--blind carbohydrate ingestion during 60 km of self-paced exercise in warm ambient conditions.
abstract: This study evaluated double blind ingestions of placebo (PLA) versus 6% carbohydrate (CHO) either as capsules (c) or beverage (b) during 60 km self-paced cycling in the heat (32°C and 50% relative humidity). Ten well-trained males (mean ± SD: 26±3 years; 64.5±7.7 kg and 70.7±8.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 maximal oxygen consumption) completed four separate 60 km time trials (TT) punctuated by 1 km sprints (14, 29, 44, 59 km) whilst ingesting either PLAb or PLAc or CHOb or CHOc. The TT was not different among treatments (PLAb 130.2±11.2 min, CHOb 140.5±18.1 min, PLAc 143.1±29.2 min, CHOc 137.3±20.1 min; P>0.05). Effect size (Cohen's d) for time was only moderate when comparing CHOb - PLAb (d = 0.68) and PLAb - PLAc (d = 0.57) whereas all other ES were 'trivial' to 'small'. Mean speed throughout the trial was significantly higher for PLAb only (P<0.05). Power output was only different (P<0.05) between the sprints and low intensity efforts within and across conditions. Core and mean skin temperatures were similar among trials. We conclude that CHO ingestion is of little or no benefit as a beverage compared with placebo during 60 km TT in the heat.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nassif
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Regina
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo H C
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Heleno
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danusa Dias
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silami-Garcia
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Drinkwater
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Frank E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Marino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D014867:Water
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