title: A novel inhibitor of cytokinin degradation (INCYDE) influences the biochemical parameters and photosynthetic apparatus in NaCl-stressed tomato plants.
abstract: The effect of 2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine [inhibitor of cytokinin degradation (INCYDE)] at 10 nM on growth, biochemical and photosynthetic efficiency in sodium chloride (NaCl)-stressed (75, 100 and 150 mM) tomato plants was investigated. NaCl-induced decline in plant vigor index was slightly reversed by both drenching and foliar application of INCYDE. Foliar application of INCYDE significantly increased the flower number in the control and 75 mM NaCl-supplemented plants, while drenching was more effective in 150 mM NaCl-stressed plants. Antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced in the presence of INCYDE in the control and NaCl-stressed plants. Higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) associated with oxidative (lipid peroxidation) damage in leaf tissue which was evident in the presence of NaCl stress was significantly attenuated with the drenching and foliar application of INCYDE. Regardless of NaCl concentration, application of INCYDE had no significant influence on maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. However, the reduced quantum yield of photosystem II and coefficient of photochemical quenching under continuous illumination with actinic light at four intensities (264, 488, 800 and 1,200 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) in NaCl-stressed (100 and 150 mM) tomato plants were significantly alleviated by drenching application with INCYDE. Non-photochemical quenching of the singlet excited state of chlorophyll a and relative electron transfer rate were generally higher in INCYDE-treated plants than in the controls. From an agricultural perspective, these findings indicate the potential of INCYDE in protecting plants against NaCl stress and the possibility of enhanced productivity.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adeyemi O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aremu
authors.forename: Nqobile A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Masondo
authors.forename: Taofik O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Sunmonu
authors.forename: Manoj G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
authors.forename: Lukáš
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spichal
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doležal
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Staden
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C580806:2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine; D000975:Antioxidants; D003583:Cytokinins; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010544:Peroxidases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C017616:phenolic acid; D000225:Adenine; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
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