title: “I know if I drink I won’t feel anything”: substance use relapse among depressed women leaving prison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to explore treatment needs and factors contributing to engagement in substance use and sobriety among women with co-occurring substance use and major depressive disorders (MDDs) as they return to the community from prison.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paper used qualitative methods to evaluate the perspectives of 15 women with co-occurring substance use and MDDs on the circumstances surrounding their relapse and recovery episodes following release from a US prison. Women were recruited in prison; qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews conducted after prison release and were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. Survey data from 39 participants supplemented qualitative findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that relationship, emotion, and mental health factors influenced women's first post-prison substance use. Women attributed episodes of recovery to sober and social support, treatment, and building on recovery work done in prison. However, they described a need for comprehensive pre-release planning and post-release treatment that would address mental health, family, and housing/employment and more actively assist them in overcoming barriers to care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-prison and aftercare treatment should help depressed, substance using women prisoners reduce or manage negative affect, improve relationships, and obtain active and comprehensive transitional support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders are a high-risk population for negative post-release outcomes, but limited information exists regarding the processes by which they relapse or retain recovery after release from prison. Findings inform treatment and aftercare development efforts.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Yael Chatav
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Schonbrun
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nargiso
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Ruth T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Shefner
authors.forename: Collette A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Caron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zlotnick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions; D004651:Employment; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012008:Recurrence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008 Jun;34(4):371-7
references.pmid: 17629441
references.citation: Behav Sci Law. 2008;26(4):457-73
references.pmid: 18683204
references.citation: JAMA. 2009 Jan 14;301(2):183-90
references.pmid: 19141766
references.citation: Addiction. 2005 Nov;100(11):1584-93
references.pmid: 16277621
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e38335
references.pmid: 22719814
references.citation: Public Health. 2010 Nov;124(11):632-4
references.pmid: 20889173
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Oct;37(3):277-85
references.pmid: 19339140
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Aug;43(8):739-45
references.pmid: 3729668
references.citation: J Subst Abuse. 2000;11(4):379-93
references.pmid: 11147234
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;54(4):313-21
references.pmid: 9107147
references.citation: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011 Aug;25(8):475-81
references.pmid: 21663540
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 1980 Dec;41(12 Pt 2):21-4
references.pmid: 7440521
references.citation: Behav Sci Law. 2008;26(4):403-12
references.pmid: 18683199
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 20:32-41
references.pmid: 11584873
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1995 Jun;63(3):400-7
references.pmid: 7608352
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Aug;43(8):733-8
references.pmid: 3729667
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003 Mar;24(2):149-60
references.pmid: 12745032
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Apr;64(2):366-79
references.pmid: 8871421
references.citation: Public Health. 2010 Nov;124(11):637-9
references.pmid: 20888607
references.citation: Public Health. 2009 Jun;123(6):431-3
references.pmid: 19482320
references.citation: Am J Addict. 2004 Jan-Feb;13(1):83-101
references.pmid: 14766441
references.citation: Subst Abus. 2014;35(1):7-11
references.pmid: 24588287
references.citation: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2006;32(1):7-28
references.pmid: 16450640
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Aug 1;117(1):1-6
references.pmid: 21295414
references.citation: Am Psychol. 2004 May-Jun;59(4):224-35
references.pmid: 15149263
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2012 Sep;46(9):1174-83
references.pmid: 22694906
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;44(6):505-13
references.pmid: 3579499
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007 Apr;32(3):311-20
references.pmid: 17383555
references.citation: Prison J. 2015 Sep;95(3):330-352
references.pmid: 26508805
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2011 Oct;41(3):215-24
references.pmid: 21550199
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Feb;155(2):220-5
references.pmid: 9464201
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 May;72(5):685-91
references.pmid: 21658350
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2011 Jun;101(6):1126-32
references.pmid: 21493930
references.citation: JAMA. 1990 Nov 21;264(19):2524-8
references.pmid: 2146410
references.citation: J Subst Abuse. 2001;13(3):291-301
references.pmid: 11693453
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006 Jun;30(4):349-53
references.pmid: 16716850
references.citation: Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2005 Jun;49(3):325-42
references.pmid: 15851511
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974 Jun;30(6):771-8
references.pmid: 4832185
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1988 Jun;152:813-9
references.pmid: 3167468
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Jan 5;86(1):1-21
references.pmid: 16759822
references.citation: Womens Health Issues. 2007 Jul-Aug;17(4):244-55
references.pmid: 17544296
references.citation: Addiction. 2008 Jun;103(6):953-9
references.pmid: 18482418
references.citation: Psychol Addict Behav. 2002 Sep;16(3):225-35
references.pmid: 12236457
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997 Oct;65(5):715-26
references.pmid: 9337490
references.citation: Eur Addict Res. 2005;11(3):132-7
references.pmid: 15990430
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Apr;42(3):247-59
references.pmid: 21943810
references.citation: J Behav Health Serv Res. 2015 Oct;42(4):417-36
references.pmid: 24595815
references.citation: J Subst Abuse. 1995;7(4):481-97
references.pmid: 8838629