title: Dose-dependent increases in p70S6K phosphorylation and intramuscular branched-chain amino acids in older men following resistance exercise and protein intake.
abstract: Resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation are effective strategies to activate muscle cell anabolic signaling and ultimately promote increases in muscle mass and strength. In the current study, 46 healthy older men aged 60-75 (69.0 ± 0.55 years, 85.9 ± 1.8 kg, 176.8 ± 1.0 cm) performed a single bout of unaccustomed lower body resistance exercise immediately followed by ingestion of a noncaloric placebo beverage or supplement containing 10, 20, 30, or 40 g of whey protein concentrate (WPC). Intramuscular amino acid levels in muscle biopsy samples were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) at baseline (before exercise and WPC supplementation) plus at 2 h and 4 h post exercise. Additionally, the extent of p70S6K phosphorylation at Thr389 in muscle biopsy homogenates was assessed by western blot. Resistance exercise alone reduced intramuscular branch chain amino acid (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) content. Supplementation with increasing doses of whey protein prevented this fall in muscle BCAAs during postexercise recovery and larger doses (30 g and 40 g) significantly augmented postexercise muscle BCAA content above that observed following placebo ingestion. Additionally, the fold change in the phosphorylation of p70S6K (Thr389) at 2 h post exercise was correlated with the dose of whey protein consumed (r = 0.51, P < 001) and was found to be significantly correlated with intramuscular leucine content (r = 0.32, P = 0.026). Intramuscular BCAAs, and leucine in particular, appear to be important regulators of anabolic signaling in aged human muscle during postexercise recovery via reversal of exercise-induced declines in intramuscular BCAAs.
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Randall F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marworth
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Vandre C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Della Gatta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Cameron J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cameron-Smith
keywords: Leucine; mammalian target of rapamycin; mass spectrometry; muscle mass; protein synthesis; sarcopenia
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