title: Monkey cortex through fMRI glasses.
abstract: In 1998 several groups reported the feasibility of fMRI experiments in monkeys, with the goal to bridge the gap between invasive nonhuman primate studies and human functional imaging. These studies yielded critical insights in the neuronal underpinnings of the BOLD signal. Furthermore, the technology has been successful in guiding electrophysiological recordings and identifying focal perturbation targets. Finally, invaluable information was obtained concerning human brain evolution. We here provide a comprehensive overview of awake monkey fMRI studies mainly confined to the visual system. We review the latest insights about the topographic organization of monkey visual cortex and discuss the spatial relationships between retinotopy and category- and feature-selective clusters. We briefly discuss the functional layout of parietal and frontal cortex and continue with a summary of some fascinating functional and effective connectivity studies. Finally, we review recent comparative fMRI experiments and speculate about the future of nonhuman primate imaging.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Electronic address: wim@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vanduffel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy.
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Orban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Sep;62(3):1529-36
references.pmid: 22609793
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 22;109(21):8274-9
references.pmid: 22562793
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2010 Oct;20(10):2464-77
references.pmid: 20100901
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Nov 15;63(3):1321-33
references.pmid: 22885246
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2013 Mar;25(3):352-64
references.pmid: 23190325
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Jul 1;74:140-51
references.pmid: 23435213
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1991 Mar;11(3):641-9
references.pmid: 2002358
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2006 May 20;496(3):422-51
references.pmid: 16566007
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Jun 3;29(22):7315-29
references.pmid: 19494153
references.citation: Neuron. 2013 Mar 20;77(6):1174-86
references.pmid: 23522051
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Sep;62(3):1376-89
references.pmid: 22659478
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Sep;12(9):1187-96
references.pmid: 19668199
references.citation: J Anat. 2005 Jul;207(1):3-17
references.pmid: 16011542
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1998 Jul 13;9(10):2213-8
references.pmid: 9694202
references.citation: Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):845-51
references.pmid: 21051642
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Nov 1;63(2):723-41
references.pmid: 22796995
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1991 Jul;66(1):170-89
references.pmid: 1919665
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 1998 Jan-Feb;8(1):40-7
references.pmid: 9510384
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 9;105(49):19514-9
references.pmid: 19033466
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Aug 24;31(34):12229-40
references.pmid: 21865466
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2003 Sep;6(9):989-95
references.pmid: 12925854
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1997 Jul 11;230(1):17-20
references.pmid: 9259453
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2004 Nov;16(9):1505-16
references.pmid: 15601515
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47515
references.pmid: 23118875
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2005 Apr 29;360(1456):693-707
references.pmid: 15937008
references.citation: ACS Chem Neurosci. 2012 Aug 15;3(8):575
references.pmid: 22896800
references.citation: Front Neuroanat. 2012 Jul 26;6:29
references.pmid: 22855672
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2014 Feb 12;34(7):2660-73
references.pmid: 24523555
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Dec 1;22(23):10416-26
references.pmid: 12451141
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Aug;11(8):877-9
references.pmid: 18622399
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Feb 27;33(9):4128-39
references.pmid: 23447621
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2001 Nov;86(5):2505-19
references.pmid: 11698538
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 8;105(14):5591-6
references.pmid: 18375769
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 26;109(52):E3640-8
references.pmid: 23184972
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Jul 21;30(29):9801-20
references.pmid: 20660263
references.citation: Brain Res. 1971 Nov;34(1):19-35
references.pmid: 5001429
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 1991 Jan-Feb;1(1):1-47
references.pmid: 1822724
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 1999 Dec;11(12):4451-6
references.pmid: 10594672
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Feb 20;33(8):3259-75
references.pmid: 23426655
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Nov 20;32(4):565-77
references.pmid: 11719199
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2012 Feb 05;9(3):277-82
references.pmid: 22306809
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(13):2647-67
references.pmid: 16343560
references.citation: Brain Struct Funct. 2007 Dec;212(3-4):269-301
references.pmid: 17899184
references.citation: Brain Res. 1973 Apr 27;53(2):422-7
references.pmid: 4196224
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Apr 1;45(2):470-6
references.pmid: 19138749
references.citation: Vis Neurosci. 1993 Mar-Apr;10(2):385-93
references.pmid: 7683486
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Oct 1;395(6701):500-3
references.pmid: 9774105
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Jul 31;39(3):555-68
references.pmid: 12895427
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 May 27;29(21):7031-9
references.pmid: 19474330
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2014 Jan 1;34(1):95-111
references.pmid: 24381271
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2006 Apr;16(4):447-59
references.pmid: 15958778
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Aug 2;55(3):493-505
references.pmid: 17678860
references.citation: Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):414-7
references.pmid: 18635806
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Sep 6;75(5):875-88
references.pmid: 22958827
references.citation: Trends Genet. 2013 Jul;29(7):403-11
references.pmid: 23623742
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1972 Jan;35(1):96-111
references.pmid: 4621506
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Nov 22;491(7425):547-53
references.pmid: 23172213
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2013 Nov;38(10):3456-64
references.pmid: 24033706
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 May 10;74(3):567-81
references.pmid: 22578507
references.citation: Neuron. 1998 Jun;20(6):1051-7
references.pmid: 9655492
references.citation: Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):373-7
references.pmid: 20574422
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 29;92(18):8135-9
references.pmid: 7667258
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Jul 18;35(2):227-42
references.pmid: 12160742
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2004 Apr;14(4):353-63
references.pmid: 15028640
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2009 May;101(5):2581-600
references.pmid: 19225169
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Apr 2;60(2):911-21
references.pmid: 22245356
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Feb 14;33(4):635-52
references.pmid: 11856536
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2012 Sep 25;22(18):1722-6
references.pmid: 22840516
references.citation: Neuron. 2013 Aug 21;79(4):766-81
references.pmid: 23891401
references.citation: Neuron. 2011 Apr 28;70(2):352-62
references.pmid: 21521619
references.citation: J Physiol Paris. 2009 Jan-Mar;103(1-2):88-97
references.pmid: 19523515
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Feb 1;66:402-11
references.pmid: 23142071
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Sep 16;29(37):11523-39
references.pmid: 19759300
references.citation: Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1532-6
references.pmid: 11859197
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Sep 18;33(38):15207-19
references.pmid: 24048850
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2001 Nov 1;21(21):8594-601
references.pmid: 11606647
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2010 Oct;13(10):1283-91
references.pmid: 20818384
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Apr 25;34(3):479-90
references.pmid: 11988177
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Aug 26;29(34):10613-26
references.pmid: 19710314
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Aug 13;23(19):7395-406
references.pmid: 12917375
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 Jun 1;17(11):4302-11
references.pmid: 9151747
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2000 May;83(5):2580-601
references.pmid: 10805659
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Nov 15;82:517-30
references.pmid: 23770406
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2012 Nov 21;32(47):16666-82
references.pmid: 23175821
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Sep 1;72(5):422-8
references.pmid: 22440616
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1982;47(3):329-42
references.pmid: 7128705
references.citation: Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):413-5
references.pmid: 12376701
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Oct 25;56(2):209-25
references.pmid: 17964241
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Apr;5(4):291-303
references.pmid: 15034554
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Feb 9;31(6):2064-78
references.pmid: 21307244
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 2006;155:157-75
references.pmid: 17027387
references.citation: Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Dec;29(10):1374-81
references.pmid: 21757310
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2013 Dec;16(12):1870-8
references.pmid: 24141314
references.citation: Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2425-30
references.pmid: 11577229
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Jul 12;487(7406):235-8
references.pmid: 22722837
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2000 Dec 4;428(1):79-111
references.pmid: 11058226
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2001 Sep;140(2):127-44
references.pmid: 11521146
references.citation: Nature. 2007 May 3;447(7140):83-6
references.pmid: 17476267
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2011 Jun 15;56(4):2356-63
references.pmid: 21473921
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1999 Aug;127(4):355-70
references.pmid: 10480271
references.citation: Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):332-6
references.pmid: 16224029
references.citation: Adv Neurol. 2003;93:141-57
references.pmid: 12894406
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2014 Apr;19(4):469-73
references.pmid: 24184433
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):1995-2000
references.pmid: 19179278
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1995 Jun;15(6):4464-87
references.pmid: 7540675
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1991;83(3):670-4
references.pmid: 2026207
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Sep;78:186-95
references.pmid: 23571417
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2009 Nov;13(11):488-95
references.pmid: 19758835
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Oct 15;80:297-306
references.pmid: 23587686
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2009 Feb;101(2):688-700
references.pmid: 19052111
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2013 May;109(10):2560-70
references.pmid: 23446697
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2013 Sep;34(9):2154-77
references.pmid: 22438275
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jul;104(1):128-40
references.pmid: 20445039
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 May;18(5):1094-111
references.pmid: 17720686
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 Sep 15;17(18):7060-78
references.pmid: 9278542
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Nov 8;56(3):560-73
references.pmid: 17988638
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 10;24(10):2551-65
references.pmid: 15014131
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Mar 4;41(5):795-807
references.pmid: 15003178
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5527
references.pmid: 19436733
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 May 1;20(9):3310-8
references.pmid: 10777794
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Jul 17;33(29):11768-73
references.pmid: 23864665
references.citation: Neuron. 2013 Feb 20;77(4):787-99
references.pmid: 23439129
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Jul 12;412(6843):150-7
references.pmid: 11449264
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Sep 28;31(39):13771-85
references.pmid: 21957240
references.citation: Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):670-4
references.pmid: 16456083
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 May 31;26(22):5929-47
references.pmid: 16738235
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2014 Jul 30;34(31):10168-91
references.pmid: 25080580
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2011 Oct;21(10):2348-56
references.pmid: 21368090
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 21;29(3):727-42
references.pmid: 19158299
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2005 Apr 30;143(2):179-95
references.pmid: 15814151
references.citation: Nature. 2005 May 19;435(7040):300-7
references.pmid: 15902248
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1985 Mar;53(3):603-35
references.pmid: 3981231
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Jun;21(11):3056-76
references.pmid: 15978016
references.citation: Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2054-6
references.pmid: 10856221
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Feb 9;73(3):608-19
references.pmid: 22325210
references.citation: J Anat. 2007 Aug;211(2):199-211
references.pmid: 17623035
references.citation: Nature. 1991 Oct 3;353(6343):429-31
references.pmid: 1896085
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2009 Jul 15;46(4):1114-26
references.pmid: 19303937
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2014 Mar;39(5):832-40
references.pmid: 24279771
references.citation: Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):662-7
references.pmid: 15860620
references.citation: Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1355-9
references.pmid: 18535247
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Aug 26;29(34):10683-94
references.pmid: 19710320
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Jun 1;31(22):8220-9
references.pmid: 21632943
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 May 4;25(18):4616-25
references.pmid: 15872109
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Mar 9;31(10):3743-56
references.pmid: 21389229
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Dec 22;48(6):901-11
references.pmid: 16364895
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Nov;30(10):1960-70
references.pmid: 19912328
references.citation: PLoS One. 2008;3(12):e3928
references.pmid: 19079541
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Jul;8(7):315-24
references.pmid: 15242691
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 Oct 16;33(42):16684-97
references.pmid: 24133271
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 27;107(17):7933-8
references.pmid: 20385808
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 17;30(46):15491-508
references.pmid: 21084605
references.citation: News Physiol Sci. 2000 Oct;15:219-224
references.pmid: 11390914
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2014 Jul 30;34(31):10156-67
references.pmid: 25080579