title: Nurses' supervisors, learning options and organisational commitment: Australia, Brazil and England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX), workplace learning options (teamwork, training and development), empowerment and organisational commitment, for nurses in Australia, England and Brazil.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The supervisor-employee relationship is fundamental to management theory and practice within the work context of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey-based, self-report data were collected from 1350 nurses in 23 acute-care hospitals during 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant relationships were found between key Social Exchange Theory antecedents (LMX and teamwork) and outcomes (organisational commitment) for nurses in Australia and England, but not in Brazil. As expected, the path between teamwork and organisational commitment was significant in the three countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings affirm the importance of LMX as a management tool affecting employee outcomes in OECD countries. In contrast, LMX cannot be assumed to play an important role within a context that operates a dual employment structure coupled with a culture accepting of 'Jeitinho' workplace relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Informal workplace relationships - 'Jeitinho' (similar to the Chinese 'guanxi') may be worthy of examination within BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries such as Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Southern Cross Business School, Department Head, Management, Marketing & HRM, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brunetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Employment Relations and Human Resources, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shacklock
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Work Research Institute, AUT Business School, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Innovation, School of Business, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farr-Wharton
authors.affiliation: Southern Cross Business School, Department Head, Management, Marketing & HRM, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010558:Personnel Loyalty; D011209:Power, Psychological; D017132:Workplace
keywords: comparative research; empowerment; leader-member exchange; nurses; organisational commitment