title: Potential immune mechanisms associated with anemia in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a puzzling question.
abstract: The pathogenesis of malaria is complex, generating a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. One of the major complications and concerns in malaria is anemia, which is responsible for considerable morbidity in the developing world, especially in children and pregnant women. Despite its enormous health importance, the immunological mechanisms involved in malaria-induced anemia remain incompletely understood. Plasmodium vivax, one of the causative agents of human malaria, is known to induce a strong inflammatory response with a robust production of immune effectors, including cytokines and antibodies. Therefore, it is possible that the extent of the immune response not only may facilitate the parasite killing but also may provoke severe illness, including anemia. In this review, we consider potential immune effectors and their possible involvement in generating this clinical outcome during P. vivax infections.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Castro-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisely C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wuelton M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil marcuslacerda.br@gmail.com embraga@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Marcus V G
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil marcuslacerda.br@gmail.com embraga@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Érika M
authors.initials: ÉM
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*
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