title: Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content, and generalized bladder inflammation in mice.
abstract: Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 h/day for 2 or 4 wk. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 wk. Stressed FVB mice exhibited nonvoiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISAs demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in nerve growth factor protein expression in the urinary bladder compared with controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Both histamine and nerve growth factor protein expression were significantly increased with increased stress compared with control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, Vermont Gerald.Mingin@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Gerald C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mingin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and.
authors.forename: Abbey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont;
authors.forename: Cuixia Shi
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont;
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vizzard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: cystometry; inflammation; nerve growth factor; stress; voiding frequency
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