title: Sliding and lower limb mechanics during sit-stand-sit transitions with a standing wheelchair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the shear displacement between the body and backrest/seat, range of motion (ROM), and force acting on the lower limb joints during sit-stand-sit transitions by operating an electric-powered standing wheelchair.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amounts of sliding along the backrest and the seat plane, ROM of lower limb joints, and force acting on the knee/foot were measured in twenty-four people with paraplegia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without an antishear mechanism, the shear displacement was approximately 9 cm between the user's body and the backrest/seat surfaces. During standing up, the user's back slid down and the thigh was displaced rearward, but they moved in opposite directions when wheelchair sat back down. A minimum of 60 degrees of ROM at the hip and knee was needed during sit-stand-sit transitions. The maximal resultant forces acting on the knee restraints could reach 23.5% of body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sliding between the body and backrest/seat occurred while transitioning from sitting to standing and vice versa. A certain amount of ROM at lower limb joints and force acting on the knee was necessitated during sit-stand-sit transitions. Careful consideration needs to be given to who the user of the electric powered standing wheelchair is.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2767-9354
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-De
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3860-745X
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Chien
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014910:Wheelchairs
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