title: Variation in oil content, fatty acid and phytosterols profile of Onopordum acanthium L. during seed development.
abstract: This study has determined oil, fatty acid (FA) and phytosterols content during the ripening of the Tunisian Onopordum acanthium L. seeds. In total, nine FAs and six phytosterols were identified. The main FAs were linoleic acid (0.18-8.06 mg/g of seed) followed by oleic acid (0.051-2.45 mg/g of seed), palmitic acid and stearic acid. Pentadecanoic acid was detected, for the first time, in unripe fruits and the two last stages of development were characterised by a relative abundance of erucic acid. Overall, β-sitosterol (34.5-77.79% of total sterols) was the major 4-desmethylsterols during maturation. The first episodes of growth were characterised by the best amounts of stigmasterol and campesterol, while stigmastanol and Δ7 sitosterol had quoted the semi-ripe and fully ripe fruits; however, cholesterol was absent. These findings are useful in understanding a potential new source of important natural compounds (Phytosterols and USFA) found in this fruit and when harvest should be undertaken to optimise desired FA and phytosterols content.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratoire de Biochimie des lipides, Département de Biologie , Faculté des Sciences de Tunis , 2092 El Manar II , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Moufida Oueslati
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Arfaoui
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: Hanen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghazghazi
authors.forename: Sadok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boukhchina
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D031183:Onopordum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000032:analysis; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010840:Phytosterols; D010938:Plant Oils; D012855:Sitosterols; D019301:Oleic Acid; C021273:campesterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D013265:Stigmasterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C021255:stigmastanol; C117025:pentadecanoic acid
keywords: MUFA; Onopordum acanthium seeds; fatty acid composition; lipid content; n − 6 PUFA; stages of maturity; β-sitosterol