title: Prenatal diagnosis of covered cloacal exstrophy.
abstract: The authors present the case of a prenatally diagnosed covered cloacal exstrophy in a female fetus and potential differential diagnoses within the exstrophy-epispadias complex. While on prenatal ultrasound, low-set umbilicus, omphalocele, diastasis of the pubic rami, split vulva and left-sided renal agenesis were suggestive of classic cloacal exstrophy, the presence of bladder filling and the missing characteristic elephant trunk appearance of the usually prolapsing terminal ileum suggested the diagnosis of covered cloacal exstrophy. Besides urogenital anomalies, the fetus presented with an additional small muscular ventricular septal defect. Postnatal presentation showed an omphalocele with a low-set umbilicus and a directly inferior positioned large everted (exstrophic) bladder plate with low positioned ureteric orifices. The external genitalia impressed with rudimentary vulvae and hemiclitorises. An imperforate anus was present, yet bowel movements were passed shortly after birth through a small vesicointestinal fistula positioned at the lower vesical trigone. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis of covered cloacal exstrophy can be made if bladder filling is present during prenatal ultrasound, although the bladder might become exstrophic during later gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mallmann
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reutter
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Boemers
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology