title: Biology of advanced uveal melanoma and next steps for clinical therapeutics.
abstract: Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy although it is a rare subset of all melanomas. Uveal melanoma has distinct biology relative to cutaneous melanoma, with widely divergent patient outcomes. Patients diagnosed with a primary uveal melanoma can be stratified for risk of metastasis by cytogenetics or gene expression profiling, with approximately half of patients developing metastatic disease, predominately hepatic in location, over a 15-yr period. Historically, no systemic therapy has been associated with a clear clinical benefit for patients with advanced disease, and median survival remains poor. Here, as a joint effort between the Melanoma Research Foundation's ocular melanoma initiative, CURE OM and the National Cancer Institute, the current understanding of the molecular and immunobiology of uveal melanoma is reviewed, and on-going laboratory research into the disease is highlighted. Finally, recent investigations relevant to clinical management via targeted and immunotherapies are reviewed, and next steps in the development of clinical therapeutics are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.forename: Pierre L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Triozzi
authors.forename: Kyle C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Erwin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Van Meir
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gershenwald
authors.forename: Boris C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: J Silvio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gutkind
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bowcock
authors.forename: Howard Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Streicher
authors.forename: Poulam M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Takami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sossman
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sznol
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thurin
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selig
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Carvajal
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: GNA11; GNAQ; MEK; Melanoma; Ocular; Uveal; cancer; metastasis
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