title: DARPA-funded efforts in the development of novel brain-computer interface technologies.
abstract: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has funded innovative scientific research and technology developments in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) since the 1970s. This review highlights some of DARPA's major advances in the field of BCI, particularly those made in recent years. Two broad categories of DARPA programs are presented with respect to the ultimate goals of supporting the nation's warfighters: (1) BCI efforts aimed at restoring neural and/or behavioral function, and (2) BCI efforts aimed at improving human training and performance. The programs discussed are synergistic and complementary to one another, and, moreover, promote interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers, engineers, and clinicians. Finally, this review includes a summary of some of the remaining challenges for the field of BCI, as well as the goals of new DARPA efforts in this domain.
authors.affiliation: Infinimetrics Corporation, 2238 Chestertown Dr., Vienna, VA 22182, USA. Electronic address: Robbin.Miranda.ctr@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Robbin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Biological Technologies Office, 675N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: William.Casebeer@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Casebeer
authors.affiliation: Strategic Analysis, Inc., 4075 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Amy.Hein.ctr@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology, University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr., P.O. Box 116621, Gainesville, FL 32611-6621, USA. Electronic address: jack.judy@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Jack W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Judy
authors.affiliation: Griffin Technologies, Inc., 1218 Drayton Ln., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA. Electronic address: Eric.Krotkov.ctr@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Krotkov
authors.affiliation: Strategic Analysis, Inc., 4075 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Tracy.Laabs.ctr@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Laabs
authors.affiliation: Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., 3811 Fairfax Dr., Ste. 600, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: manzo_justin@bah.com.
authors.forename: Justin E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manzo
authors.affiliation: Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., 3811 Fairfax Dr., Ste. 600, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Kent.Pankratz.ctr@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Kent G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.affiliation: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Sciences Office, 675N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Gill.Pratt@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Gill A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.affiliation: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Biological Technologies Office, 675N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Justin.Sanchez@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Biological Technologies Office, 675N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Douglas.Weber@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: System Planning Corporation, 3601 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201, USA. Electronic address: Tracey.Wheeler.ctr@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Tracey L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.affiliation: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Biological Technologies Office, 675N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22203, USA. Electronic address: Geoffrey.Ling@darpa.mil.
authors.forename: Geoffrey S F
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Brain–computer interface; Brain–machine interface; DARPA; Neuroscience