title: Isoflurane preconditioning ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic actions in rats.
abstract: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury via inflammation and cell apoptosis. Volatile anesthetics have been shown to exert organ-protective effects against kidney damage in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects of isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, on renal I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms. Rats subjected to renal I/R displayed higher serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels than sham rats as well as severe histopathological damage. Renal I/R also resulted in a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory response and dysfunction of the p53-Bax-caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. Rats preconditioned with 1.5% isoflurane for 2 h had better renal function and less tubular apoptosis 24 h after I/R injury than control rats. Pretreatment with isoflurane suppressed renal NF-κB activation, leading to a reduction in proinflammatory molecules (high-mobility group box 1, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) both in the kidneys and circulation. In addition, rats subjected to isoflurane preconditioning had a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and less cleaved caspase-3. Our findings suggest that preconditioning with a clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane attenuates renal I/R injury, based at least in part on its ability to modulate renal inflammation and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital.
authors.forename: Yaoxian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Zhengqian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007530:Isoflurane