title: Laboratory evaluation of citronella, picaridin, and deet repellents against Psorophora ciliata and Psorophora howardii.
abstract: Commercial formulations of 3 repellents: OFF Active (active ingredient [AI] 15% N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide [deet]), OFF Family Care (AI 5% picaridin), and CVS Pharmacy Fresh Insect Repellent (AI 10% citronella, 2% lauryl sulfate, and 0.2% potassium sorbate) were evaluated to determine the mean protection time provided against the large floodwater mosquitoes, Psorophora ciliata and Ps. howardii. Each of these products contained different active ingredients and displayed different protection times, but repellency was in accordance with each product's label reapplication times/repellency durations. The CVS Pharmacy Fresh Insect Repellent provided the least protection (2 h and 26 min), followed by OFF Family Care (3 h and 46 min). OFF Active afforded the longest protection (5 h and 41 min), which was significantly higher than the other treatments (P < 0.001).
authors.forename: Jodi M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Tanjim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Rui-De
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003671:DEET / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D028321:Plant Preparations; D003671:DEET; C483506:picaridin