title: Overall sleep status and high sensitivity C-reactive protein: a prospective study in Japanese factory workers.
abstract: We investigated the relation between overall sleep status based on the modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score and subsequent changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in a population of Japanese factory workers, who were predominantly female. A total of 991 Japanese with inflammation classified as low cardiovascular risk (baseline hsCRP < 1.0 mg L(-1) ) were grouped according to the presence or absence of unfavourable sleep, defined as a modified PSQI global score > 5.5 points. The subsequent changes in hsCRP after 3 years were then compared in the two groups. Analysis of covariance incorporating log-transformed baseline hsCRP, age, sex, lifestyle and physical and biochemical profiles was used to compare the geometric means of hsCRP at year 3 in each sleep status group. A logistic regression model incorporating the same variables was used to calculate the odds ratios for development of inflammation with a medium-to-high cardiovascular risk (hsCRP at year 3 ≥ 1.0 mg L(-1) ) comparing the presence or absence of unfavourable sleep habits. The multivariate-adjusted geometric mean of hsCRP at year 3 was significantly higher in subjects with unfavourable sleep habits compared with those with a normal pattern (0.275 versus 0.242 mg L(-1) ). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for developing increased and potentially pathogenic levels of inflammation due to unfavourable sleep was 2.08 (95% confidence interval = 1.29-3.35). There was a significant linear trend for the development of increased inflammation across the modified PSQI global scores (P = 0.04). Unfavourable sleep is associated with activation of low-grade systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science and Fundamental Nursing, Toyama University School of Nursing, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuchi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwazono
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; inflammation; prospective study; sleep