title: Short- and long-term outcomes of incarcerated inguinal hernias repaired by Lichtenstein technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of tension-free inguinal hernia repair techniques using commercially available implants is now rather common. However, it is widely accepted that the use of biomaterials should be limited to non-infected surgical fields. As such, most current studies pertain to the application of various implants during the surgical repair of uncomplicated hernias.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of incarcerated inguinal hernia repair using the Lichtenstein or Bassini technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2012, 107 patients were operated on an emergency basis due to the incarceration of inguinal hernias - 105 subjects were included for further analysis in our study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative complications were observed in 13 out of the 84 (15.5%) patients subjected to Lichtenstein repair. In 9 of these patients (10.7%), morbidity was associated with the surgical wound. In 2 cases (2.4%), a small inflammatory infiltration was observed and resolved within a few days. Serous fluid accumulation within the wound was observed in 3 patients (3.6%), but the fluid was successfully drained by puncture. Finally, hematoma formed in 4 cases (4.8%). In total, 4 complications (19%) were recorded in the group of 21 patients who were operated on with the Bassini technique. In 3 of these cases (14.3%), the complications were related to suppuration of the surgical wound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polypropylene mesh may be safely implanted during the repair of incarcerated hernia and this approach is reflected by satisfactory long-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wysocki
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strzałka
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migaczewski
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of General Surgery, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Budzyński
keywords: Lichtenstein technique; incarcerated inguinal hernias
references.citation: J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Oct;185(4):352-7
references.pmid: 9328383
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2004 Feb;18(2):228-31
references.pmid: 14639475
references.citation: Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2013 Mar;8(1):36-42
references.pmid: 23630552
references.citation: Surg Today. 2007;37(3):212-4
references.pmid: 17342359
references.citation: Hernia. 2004 Feb;8(1):20-2
references.pmid: 14505238
references.citation: Am Surg. 2002 Jun;68(6):524-8; discussion 528-9
references.pmid: 12079133
references.citation: Br J Surg. 2006 Jan;93(1):5-10
references.pmid: 16252314
references.citation: Int J Surg. 2008 Jun;6(3):189-92
references.pmid: 18406674
references.citation: Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2010 Jun;395(5):575-9
references.pmid: 18504602
references.citation: Lancet. 2003 Nov 8;362(9395):1561-71
references.pmid: 14615114
references.citation: Hernia. 2010 Feb;14(1):35-8
references.pmid: 19727551
references.citation: Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2010 Jun;395(5):563-8
references.pmid: 18758807
references.citation: J Am Coll Surg. 2000 Oct;191(4):366-72
references.pmid: 11030241
references.citation: Ann Surg. 2009 Jul;250(1):35-42
references.pmid: 19561484
references.citation: Hernia. 2007 Jun;11(3):239-42
references.pmid: 17334673
references.citation: Br J Surg. 2004 Mar;91(3):280-2
references.pmid: 14991626
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2006 Jan;20(1):131-4
references.pmid: 16333554
references.citation: Am J Surg. 2003 May;185(5):436-40
references.pmid: 12727563
references.citation: Hernia. 2005 May;9(2):156-9
references.pmid: 15690104
references.citation: Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2012 Jun;7(2):96-104
references.pmid: 23256009
references.citation: Br J Surg. 1997 Mar;84(3):310-2
references.pmid: 9117290
references.citation: Ann Surg. 2007 Mar;245(3):392-6
references.pmid: 17435546
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2008 Sep;22(9):1941-6
references.pmid: 18594919
references.citation: Surg Clin North Am. 2008 Feb;88(1):113-25, ix
references.pmid: 18267165
references.citation: Hernia. 2001 Sep;5(3):148-52
references.pmid: 11759801
references.citation: Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2012 Jun;7(2):137-9
references.pmid: 23256016
references.citation: Int J Surg. 2008 Aug;6(4):302-5
references.pmid: 18573702
references.citation: Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2013 Jun;8(2):99-106
references.pmid: 23837093
references.citation: Hernia. 2008 Apr;12(2):185-8
references.pmid: 18004500
references.citation: Eur J Surg. 2002;168(8-9):452-4
references.pmid: 12549683
references.citation: Chirurg. 1994 Feb;65(2):121-6
references.pmid: 8162813