title: Cost effectiveness of renal denervation therapy for the treatment of resistant hypertension in the UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with resistant hypertension are at a high risk for developing serious cardiovascular events and renal complications. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) is a procedure with the potential to normalize systolic blood pressure (SBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The overall objective of the study was to estimate the cost effectiveness of RDN in the UK for patients with diagnosed resistant hypertension, expressed as a standard cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient lifetime, economic, Markov heath-state model was developed, linking expected changes in SBP to reductions in risks for cardiovascular events and renal complications, using the Framingham, PROCAM, and other published risk equations. The model was developed from the perspective of the healthcare payer in the UK using relevant cost data from 2012. Clinical effectiveness for RDN (a mean reduction of 32 mmHg in SBP) was taken from the phase III Symplicity HTN-2 trial, in patients with a mean baseline SBP of 178 mmHg. HTN-2 was the largest, multicenter randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of RDN therapy at the time of the model development. A systematic review identified UK-specific sources for utility, mortality, and cost parameter values, and included recently published UK guidelines for the clinical management of hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RDN therapy resulted in an increase in health benefit over a patient's lifetime compared with anti-hypertensive pharmacological treatment alone (12.77 vs. 12.16 QALYs; discounted). Additional lifetime costs per patient were modeled at £2,961; equivalent to an incremental cost per additional QALY of £4,805. This result was robust to full probabilistic sensitivity and scenario analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RDN is an effective clinical procedure that offers patients a meaningful and cost-effective alternative for achieving SBP control, where traditional combination, anti-hypertensive pharmacologic strategies have been proven to be ineffective.
authors.affiliation: BresMed Health Solutions, North Church House, Queen Street, Sheffield, S1 2DW, England.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gladwell
authors.forename: Thea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akehurst
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000191:economics*; D006113:United Kingdom