title: Citrus pulp as a dietary source of antioxidants for lactating holstein cows fed highly polyunsaturated Fatty Acid diets.
abstract: The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performance and milk quality of dairy cows fed highly polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) diets were evaluated. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 4×4 Latin-square. Treatments, on a dry matter (DM) basis, were i) control diet; ii) 3% soybean oil; iii) 3% soybean oil and 9% PCP and; iv) 3% soybean oil and 18% PCP. When cows fed on citrus pulp, the DM intake tended to decrease. The total tract apparent digestibility of DM and ether extract decreased when cows fed on the control diet compared to other diets. Cows fed PCP had higher polyphenols and flavonoids content and higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in milk compared to those fed no pelleted citrus pulp. Cows fed 18% PCP showed higher monounsaturated FA and lower saturated FA in milk fat compared with cows fed the other diets. The lowest n-6 FA proportion was in milk fat from cows fed control. The present study suggests that pelleted citrus pulp added to 9% to 18% DM increases total polyphenols and flavonoids concentration, and the FRAP in milk.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: A L B
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schogor
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil .
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kazama
keywords: Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power; Flavonoids; Polyphenols
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