title: Cognitive Testing to Identify Children With ADHD Who Do and Do Not Respond to Methylphenidate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the utility of cognitive measures for predicting response of children and adolescents to methylphenidate (MPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants from the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment-in ADHD (iSPOT-A) completed a cognitive test battery prior to receiving 6 weeks of MPH. The responder criterion was a 25% reduction in ADHD-Rating Scale-IV scores. Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) classified non-responders from responders with maximal sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 62% of participants responded to MPH. Response rates for ROC-identified groups ranged from 18% to 85%. Non-responders showed compromised cognition related to switching of attention, sustained attention, planning, and impulsivity. One group of responders were 10 years of age or older and had impaired switching of attention and impulsivity; a second group had enhanced switching of attention, normal or higher Continuous Performance Task (CPT) scores, and above average scores on digit span.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive tests may provide a simple, low-cost tool for treatment planning for children and adolescents with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Children's Health Council, Palo Alto, CA, USA.|2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Glen R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: 3 Brain Resource Ltd., Sydney, Australia.|4 Brain Resource Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blasey
authors.affiliation: 3 Brain Resource Ltd., Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rekshan
authors.affiliation: 5 Duke University, NUS, Singapore.
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.affiliation: 3 Brain Resource Ltd., Sydney, Australia.|4 Brain Resource Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA.|6 The University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: 6 The University of Sydney, Australia.|7 Westmead Hospital, Australia.|8 Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: 6 The University of Sydney, Australia.|7 Westmead Hospital, Australia.|8 Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.affiliation: 3 Brain Resource Ltd., Sydney, Australia.|4 Brain Resource Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: 3 Brain Resource Ltd., Sydney, Australia.|4 Brain Resource Ltd., San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Evian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADD/ADHD; cognitive performance; methylphenidate; receiver operating characteristics