title: New drugs on the Internet: the case of Camfetamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) advertised for sale online is constantly increasing and it has become a phenomenon of global concern. Among NPS, Camfetamine has been rediscovered as recreational drug in 2011. Very little information is still available in the scientific literature on its nature and potential health risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data in scientific literature were integrated with a multilingual qualitative assessment of a range of online resources over the period of 32 months (May 2011-January 2014).
  
  
  RESULTS
  N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (Camfetamine) may act as an indirect dopaminergic agonist in the central nervous system and may have mild-moderate opioid activity too. There are no current epidemiological data about recreational use of Camfetamine; our research shows that it is indeed used especially by individuals with a history of recreational polydrug misuse. It facilitates mental alertness, induces relaxation, and, unlike many other stimulants, seems not to be associated with severe physical effects. Valid causes for concern issued in our research may be Camfetamine intravenous or intramuscular administration as well as its use in conjunction with other psychoactive substances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is here highlighted that more large-scale studies need to be carried out to confirm and better describe both the extent of Camfetamine misuse and possible psychotropic/adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Imaging Department, Chair of Psychiatry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 131, 66100 Chieti, Italy ; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cinosi
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Corazza
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Imaging Department, Chair of Psychiatry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 131, 66100 Chieti, Italy ; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1377-9183
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santacroce
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Imaging Department, Chair of Psychiatry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 131, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3183-0096
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Imaging Department, Chair of Psychiatry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 131, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Acciavatti
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Imaging Department, Chair of Psychiatry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 131, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinotti
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Imaging Department, Chair of Psychiatry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 131, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: di Giannantonio
mesh_terms: D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020407:Internet; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs