title: Coptidis rhizome and Si Jun Zi Tang can prevent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.
abstract: Salmonella, a common zoonotic pathogen, causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used to improve gastrointestinal dysfunction and to modify the immune response to inflammation for centuries. This study used six herbal plants and four TCM formulae to rate their efficacy in preventing S. Typhimurium infection via mouse model. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Coptidis rhizome (CR) against the reference strain tallied 12.5 mg/ml and against clinical isolate ST21 was 25 mg/ml. MBCs of other herbal extracts and formulae on Salmonella Typhimurium strains were above 50 mg/ml. In the mice model, CR and Si Jun Zi Tang (SJZT) could significantly decrease the bacterial load in organs and blood after being challenged, along with body weight loss due to the infection. CR and SJZT alleviated infection-induced interferon-gamma levels in the serum and tissues, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in intestinal tissues. CR and SJZT serum metabolites could suppress S. Typhimurium invasion and TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 cells. The therapeutic activity of CR and SJZT may involve berberine, ginsenoside Rb1, and glycyrrhizin, interfering with Salmonella when invading macrophages. CR and SJZT has shown potential in preventing S. Typhimurium infection through the regulation of the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Hsian
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yueh-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Man
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D000089042:Coptis chinensis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C107393:Coptidis rhizoma extract