title: Effect of enamel protective agents on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper aimed to study the effect of two enamel protective agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional and self-etching primer (SEP) adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The two protective agents used were resin infiltrate (ICON) and Clinpro; the two adhesive systems used were self-etching primer system (Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer + Transbond XT adhesive) and a conventional adhesive system (37% phosphoric acid etch + Transbond XT primer + Transbond XT adhesive ). Sixty premolars divided into three major groups and six subgroups were included. The shear bond strength was tested 72 h after bracket bonding. Adhesive remnant index scores (ARI) were assessed. Statistical analysis consisted of a one-way ANOVA for the SBS and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test for the ARI scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, the mean SBS when using the conventional adhesive was 21.1 ± 7.5 MPa while when using SEP was 20.2 ± 4.0 MPa. When ICON was used with the conventional adhesive system, the SBS was 20.2 ± 5.6 MPa while with SEP was 17.6 ± 4.1 MPa. When Clinpro was used with the conventional adhesive system, the SBS was 24.3 ± 7.6 MPa while with SEP was 11.2 ± 3.5 MPa. Significant differences in the shear bond strength of the different groups (P = .000) was found as well as in the ARI scores distribution (P = .000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of the adhesive system used to bond the orthodontic brackets, either conventional or self-etching primer, influenced the SBS, while the enamel protective material influenced the adhesive remnant on the enamel surface after debonding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. mmontasser11@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mona A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Montasser
authors.forename: Mahasen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taha
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C500418:Clinpro Sealant; D003188:Composite Resins; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D020011:Protective Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C477790:Transbond XT; C578177:icon infiltrant; D014867:Water; D013193:Stainless Steel; C030242:phosphoric acid