title: Hormonal profile in children with isolated hypospadias associates better with comprehensive score of local anatomical factors as compared to meatal location or degree of chordee.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate if hormonal profile of children with isolated hypospadias (IH) associates better with comprehensive local anatomical factor score (LAFS) than with clinically adjudged urethral meatus location or severity of chordee/k.j.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine children with IH were enrolled, as per inclusion criteria. Meatal location was recorded at first clinical examination in OPD; while LAFS was computed per-operatively using indigenously devised scale, except for neonates. Hypospadiacs were first classified into three standard meatal based groups and subsequently into LAFS based two groups (≤19, >19). For all participants, pre HCG and post HCG (96 hour post- injection) estimation of serum gonadotropins, DHEA-S, estrogen (E), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was done. Statistical tests were applied to assess significance of hormonal levels with respect to meatal location, chordee and LAFS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only FSH levels differed significantly among meatal based groups; while among LAFS groups, multiple hormonal differences were noted; with poor LAFS associated significantly with higher FSH, LH and lower E, T/DHT. Children with severe degree of chordee had poorer T output and a significantly lower LAFS as compared to those with moderate/mild chordee.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serotoli cell dysfunction, indirectly indicated by high FSH was found among midpenile hypospadiacs and those with poorer LAFS. Since groups based on LAFS revealed multiple intergroup hormonal differences than what was seen for meatal/chordee based groups; LAFS should be considered a better guide for prognostication and for deciding about hormonal supplementation. Lower androgenic output was particularly noted in children with severe chordee.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Simmi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ratan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Tarun Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Alpna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ravindra M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhanwal
keywords: Children; hormones; human chorionic gonadotropin; hypospadias; local anatomical factor