title: Low-cost motility tracking system (LOCOMOTIS) for time-lapse microscopy applications and cell visualisation.
abstract: Direct visualisation of cells for the purpose of studying their motility has typically required expensive microscopy equipment. However, recent advances in digital sensors mean that it is now possible to image cells for a fraction of the price of a standard microscope. Along with low-cost imaging there has also been a large increase in the availability of high quality, open-source analysis programs. In this study we describe the development and performance of an expandable cell motility system employing inexpensive, commercially available digital USB microscopes to image various cell types using time-lapse and perform tracking assays in proof-of-concept experiments. With this system we were able to measure and record three separate assays simultaneously on one personal computer using identical microscopes, and obtained tracking results comparable in quality to those from other studies that used standard, more expensive, equipment. The microscopes used in our system were capable of a maximum magnification of 413.6×. Although resolution was lower than that of a standard inverted microscope we found this difference to be indistinguishable at the magnification chosen for cell tracking experiments (206.8×). In preliminary cell culture experiments using our system, velocities (mean µm/min ± SE) of 0.81 ± 0.01 (Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes on uncoated plates), 1.17 ± 0.004 (MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells), 1.24 ± 0.006 (SC5 mouse Sertoli cells) and 2.21 ± 0.01 (B. glabrata hemocytes on Poly-L-Lysine coated plates), were measured and are consistent with previous reports. We believe that this system, coupled with open-source analysis software, demonstrates that higher throughput time-lapse imaging of cells for the purpose of studying motility can be an affordable option for all researchers.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adam E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Karang Menjangan, Surabaya, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Junian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Triajianto
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Routledge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000295:instrumentation*; D022082:Cellular Structures / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*