title: The evaluation and treatment of endocrine forms of hypertension.
abstract: Endocrine hypertension is an important secondary form of hypertension, identified in between 5% and 10% of general hypertensive population. Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension, accounting for 1%-10% in uncomplicated hypertension and 7%-20% in resistant hypertension. Other less common causes of endocrine hypertension include Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, thyroid disorders, and hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and the use of appropriate screening tests based on clinical presentation. Failure to make proper diagnosis may lead to catastrophic complications or irreversible hypertensive target organ damage. Accordingly, patients who are suspected to have endocrine hypertension should be referred to endocrinologists or hypertension specialists who are familiar with management of the specific endocrine disorders.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Section, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8586, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Wanpen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vongpatanasin
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy