title: Reported side effects of intravenous midazolam sedation when used in paediatric dentistry: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous (IV) midazolam may be of value as an alternative paediatric dental sedation technique, but there is some apprehension concerning its routine use due to a lack of evidence regarding its safety and side effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review all available literature reporting the side effects of IV midazolam in children undergoing dental procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both randomised controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomised studies were reviewed. Reported side effects were categorised as either significant or minor, and the percentage prevalence of significant or minor side effects per episode of treatment was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five RCTs were included, in which no significant side events were reported; however, minor side effects were recorded (n = 33, 19.5%), with paradoxical reaction being the most common (n = 11, 6.5%). Six non-randomised studies were included, in which no significant side effects were reported; however, minor side effects were reported (n = 118, 16.8%) with paradoxical reaction being the most common (n = 89, 12.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no significant side effects were recorded, of the minor side effects reported paradoxical reaction was the most common. Due to inconsistency in side effect reporting, the authors suggest the application of a standardised adverse event reporting tool for future studies of sedation in paediatric dentistry.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Arathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papineni McIntosh
authors.forename: Paul Francis
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Liege
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lourenço-Matharu
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010377:Pediatric Dentistry
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam