title: An open trial of group metacognitive therapy for depression in Norway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preliminary data support the implementation of individual metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression. Given the focus of MCT on transpersonal processes, we hypothesized that this treatment should translate well to a group format. In this study, the effects and feasibility associated with group MCT for depression are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients who were consecutively referred by general practitioners to a specialist psychiatric practice in Norway participated in an open trial of the effects and feasibility associated with group MCT for depression. All of the patients met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and were monitored in a baseline period before attending 90-min weekly treatment sessions of group MCT for 10 weeks. The primary symptom outcome measure was severity of depression whilst secondary outcome measures included levels of anxiety, rumination and metacognitive beliefs. We also assessed recovery rates and changes in comorbid Axis I and Axis II diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large clinically significant improvements across all measures were detected at post-treatment and these were maintained at follow-up. Based on objectively defined recovery criteria, all patients were classified as recovered at post-treatment and 91% at 6 months follow-up. The intervention was also associated with significant reductions in comorbid diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary data indicate that group MCT in the treatment of depression is effective, well accepted and it extends clinical application of MCT for depression to group formats as a potential cost-effective intervention.
authors.affiliation: Toril Dammen, Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Post Box 1111, Blindern, 0317 Oslo , Norway.
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammen
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive–behaviour therapy; Depression; Group therapy; Metacognitive therapy