title: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection triggers HMGB1 release to promote inflammatory cytokine production.
abstract: The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule involved in the pathogenesis of various infectious agents. Based on meta-analysis of all publicly available microarray datasets, HMGB1 has recently been proposed as the most significant immune modulator during the porcine response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. However, the function of HMGB1 in PRRSV pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection triggers the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in MARC-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages. Although HMGB1 has no effect on PRRSV replication, HMGB1 promotes PRRSV-induced NF-κB activation and subsequent expression of inflammatory cytokines through receptors RAGE, TLR2 and TLR4. Our findings show that HMGB1 release, triggered by PRRSV infection, enhances the efficiency of virus-induced inflammatory responses, thereby providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Erzhen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Dang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Huanchun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: fanglr@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liurong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: vet@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000882:Haplorhini; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein
keywords: Cytokines; HMGB1; Inflammatory response; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)