title: Validity of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX). Ratings by patients with brain injury and their therapists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the validity of the DEX-Questionnaire (both completed by patients, DEX-Self and by therapists, DEX-TH), included in the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), at identifying differences in the severity of dysexecutive symptoms according to lesion location. It also examined the strength of associations of the DEX-Self and the DEX-TH reports with the sub-tests of the BADS as well as two other real-life executive tasks, the Everyday Description Task and the Twenty Question Test.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study compared 30 patients with anterior lesions (AL) to 22 patients with posterior lesions (PL). Twenty-nine healthy participants and their relatives were included as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant group differences were found only on the DEX-TH, but not on the DEX-Self, indicating poor insight in patients with AL. The DEX-TH were revealed accurate in detecting more severe dysexecutive symptoms in the AL group. Furthermore, only the DEX-TH reportings were significantly correlated with the above executive tests. Multiple regression analysis showed that the Modified Six Elements Test, a sub-test of the BADS, predicted DEX-TH as accurately as the total BADS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DEX-TH reportings and the MSET can provide valuable information about the severity of daily executive dysfunctioning, with implications for cognitive rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen , The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emmanouel
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mouza
authors.forename: Roy P C
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fasotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Ecological validity; executive functioning; frontal lobes; head injury; neuropsychological assessment