title: Effects of a Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Repeat Mammography Screening in Iranian Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although mammography use has increased in developed countries, regular screening in developing countries including Iran remains low. Multiple frameworks, including the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), have been used to understand screening practices among Iranians. The HBM includes intrapersonal constructs such as perceptions of breast cancer and mammography. The TPB includes interpersonal and environmental constructs, such as perceived control and subjective norms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study had 2 objectives: (1) to examine changes in the HBM and TPB constructs and repeat mammography screening in women receiving either intervention and women in the control group and (2) to compare changes in the HBM and TPB constructs and repeat mammography screening across the 2 interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eight-four women from 3 randomly selected health centers in Sanandaj, Iran, participated. Eligibility criteria were being 50 years or older, having received a mammogram in the past 2 to 3 years, and no intention to obtain a mammogram within the next year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TPB and HBM participants exhibited greater changes in the HBM and TPB constructs and were more likely to have a mammogram relative to control participants. The TPB and HBM participants exhibited comparable changes in constructs and repeat mammography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest both interventions equally improved mammography screening. Additional studies are furthermore warranted to address nonadherent Iranian women's needs in line with these conceptual models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the HBM and TPB constructs in clinical practice may be helpful to promote continued screening among this population.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Kurdistan Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran (Drs Taymoori and Roshani); and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle; and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago (Dr Molina).
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taymoori
authors.forename: Yamile
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Daem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roshani
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007492:Iran; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged