title: Sensitivity of EUS and ERCP Endoscopic Procedures in the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer During Preoperative Staging Correlated with CT and CT Angiography Imaging Methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work was to give advantage to EUS as endoscopic method in diagnosis and following therapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer in relation to radiological methods of CT and CTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 49 patients, 20 women and 29 men hospitalized at the Clinic for gastroenterohepatology, due to suspicion on pancreatic cancer during observed 2 years period. All cancers were histologically and cytologically confirmed. The patients underwent ERCP as a mandatory part of staging and all patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound as well as CT or CT angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Testing of differences was carried out using Fisher's exact test in open-source software R. The following characteristics were tested: involvement of the blood vessels, lymph nodes, metastases, tumor size and duodenum infiltration. Results showed statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level for EUS, CT and CT angiography. Risk ratio showed that EUS is less effective in detecting infiltration of blood vessels within a malignant process then CTA where RR=0.52, CI 0.2-1.38, p-value=0.33. EUS and CTA are equal in the diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes affected by malignancy where RR=1.3, CI 0.75-1.42, p-value=0.09. Comparison according to distant metastases showed that EUS is less effective compared to CT in approximately 30% of cases. In the diagnosis of duodenal infiltration EUS is in 5% of cases less accurate than the CT with the RR=0.95, CI 0.27-3.32, p-value=0.76, but the CTA method is more efficient because the comparison of EUS and CTA showed RR=12.52, CI 0.2-1.38, p-value=0.33. EUS as a diagnostic method is dominant in determining the size of malignant lesions located in the pancreas as compared to CT and CTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS as endoscopic method compared to CT and CTA is one of the more invasive methods of examination but due to its ability to be performed immediately, to locate a changes smaller than 5 mm and the target biopsy option, to measure the change and that in many cases determine the relationship of malignant lesions with blood vessels, along with visualization of the surrounding lymph nodes and metastases in neighboring organs, we may give this method an advantage over other methods in the preoperative staging of patients with pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Zora
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vukobrat-Bijedic
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husic-Selimovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical engineering University "Dzemal Bijedic" Mostar. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bijedic
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Srdjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gornjakovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Amela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sofic
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Bisera
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gogov
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center of Eastern Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bjelogrlic
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Amila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehmedovic
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterohepatology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Sanjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glavas
keywords: CEA and CA19-9; CT; CTA; EUS; pancreatic cancer