title: Prematch salivary secretory immunoglobulin a in soccer players from the 2014 World Cup qualifying campaign.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in international soccer players during the short-term training period that precedes international match play.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a repeated-measure design, saliva samples were obtained from 13 outfield soccer players who participated in the training camps preceding 7 games (5 home and 2 away) of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. Samples were obtained daily for 4 d preceding each game (and analyzed for SIgA using the IPRO oral-fluid-collection system) at match day minus 1 (MD-1), minus 2 (MD-2), minus 3 (MD-3), and minus 4 (MD-4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SIgA displayed a progressive decline (P = .01) during the 4-d training period (MD-4, 365 ± 127 μg/mL; MD-3, 348 ± 154 μg/mL; MD-2, 290 ± 138 μg/mL; MD-1, 256 ± 90 μg/mL) such that MD-1 values were significantly lower (P = .01) than both MD-4 and MD-3. The 95% confidence intervals for the differences between MD-1 and MD-4 were -191 to -26 and between MD-1 and MD-3 were -155 to -28.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data demonstrate that a short-term soccer-training camp in preparation for international competition induces detectable perturbations to mucosal immunity. Future studies should monitor SIgA (as a practical and noninvasive measure of immunity) alongside internal and external measures of training load in an attempt to strategically individualize training and nutritional strategies that may support optimal preparation for high-level competition.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Upper Glyntaff, UK.
authors.forename: Ryland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgans
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drust
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory