title: Correlation between biological marker expression and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the association between several biological markers and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent FDG positron emission tomography were included in the study. Tumor sections were immunohistochemically stained for phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high standardized uptake value (SUV) group showed larger tumor size, more frequent vascular invasion, and poorer differentiation compared with the low SUV group. The high SUV group also showed significantly higher immunohistochemical expression of pSTAT3, HIF1α, and GLUT1. The GLUT1 high-expression group showed higher α-fetoprotein (a tumor marker) and poorer differentiation than did the GLUT1 low-expression group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that FDG uptake is associated with the expression of pSTAT3, HIF1α, and GLUT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of these proteins shows a correlation with poor differentiation and vascular invasion.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Surgery and Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Anatomic Pathology.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aishima
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Anatomic Pathology.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Anatomic Pathology.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Surgery and Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.affiliation: Surgery and Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.affiliation: Surgery and Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.affiliation: Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Surgery and Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Anatomic Pathology, oda@surgpath.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: FDG positron emission tomography; GLUT1; HIF1α; Hepatocellular carcinoma; STAT3