title: MicroRNAs and synaptic plasticity--a mutual relationship.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are rapidly emerging as central regulators of gene expression in the postnatal mammalian brain. Initial studies mostly focused on the function of specific miRNAs during the development of neuronal connectivity in culture, using classical gain- and loss-of-function approaches. More recently, first examples have documented important roles of miRNAs in plastic processes in intact neural circuits in the rodent brain related to higher cognitive abilities and neuropsychiatric disease. At the same time, evidence is accumulating that miRNA function itself is subjected to sophisticated control mechanisms engaged by the activity of neural circuits. In this review, we attempt to pay tribute to this mutual relationship between miRNAs and synaptic plasticity. In particular, in the first part, we summarize how neuronal activity influences each step in the lifetime of miRNAs, including the regulation of transcription, maturation, gene regulatory function and turnover in mammals. In the second part, we discuss recent examples of miRNA function in synaptic plasticity in rodent models and their implications for higher cognitive function and neurological disorders, with a special emphasis on epilepsy as a disorder of abnormal nerve cell activity.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ayla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksoy-Aksel
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zampa
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany gerhard.schratt@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schratt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: cognition; learning and memory; microRNA; neurological disease; neuronal activity; synaptic plasticity