title: Gender effects and sexual-orientation impact on androstadienone-evoked behavior and neural processing.
abstract: In humans, the most established and investigated substance acting as a chemosignal, i.e., a substance that is excreted from the body, is 4,16-androstadien-3-one (AND). AND, which is found in sweat and saliva, is known to be responsible for influencing several variables, such as psychophysiological status, behavior, as well as cortical processing. The aim of the present review is to give insight into the variety of AND effects, with special regard to specific cross-sexual characteristics of this putative human chemosignal, emphasizing the neural activation patterns and factors such as contextual conditions. This review highlights the importance of including those contributing factors into the analysis of behavioral as well as brain-related studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krajnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kollndorfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Computational Image Analysis and Radiology Lab, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nenning
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Johan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schöpf
keywords: androstadienone; behavior; chemosignals; gender-effect; neuronal processing; psychophysiological status; sexual-orientation