title: Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in human cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to immuno-localize and estimate the levels of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in human gingival tissue samples from healthy individuals, chronic periodontitis patients and patients with cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group I consisted of individuals with healthy gingiva (n=6), Group II - cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth (n=9) and Group III - chronic periodontitis patients (n=6). Gingival tissue samples were collected from subjects of all the three groups. COX-1, COX-2 levels were estimated in tissue homogenates by enzyme activity assay. Immuno-localization for COX-1 and COX-2 was also done in sections of gingival tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study results demonstrated a significantly higher mean levels of COX-1 and 2 in drug induced gingival overgrowth samples (p<0.05). COX-1 and COX-2 was localized to epithelium and connective tissue in human gingival tissue sections from cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclooxygenase enzymes appear to be potential mediators involved in the pathogenesis of cyclosporine induced gingival overgrowth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: chennaidentist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suresh Ranga
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Balaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, SRM Dental College, SRM University, Ramapuram, Chennai 600 089, India.
authors.forename: P S G
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vamsi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; C115461:SC 560; D013876:Thiophenes; D016572:Cyclosporine; C064874:DuP 697; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Cyclosporine; Gingival overgrowth; Immuno-histochemistry; Inflammation; Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase