title: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adolescent inpatients diagnosed with eating disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies assessing vitamin D status in adolescents with eating disorders showed inconsistent results. The aim of the current study was to assess vitamin D status in a large cohort of adolescent inpatients with eating disorders and its relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as BMD and depression were assessed on admission in 87 inpatients (aged 16 ± 2 years, females = 81) with eating disorders [anorexia nervosa (AN) = 64; bulimia nervosa (BN) = 5; eating disorders not otherwise specified-binge/purge type (EDNOS-B/P) = 18].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean 25OHD levels were 24.1 ± 7.5 ng/ml (25.0 ± 7.6, 25.4 ± 9.9, and 22.0 ± 9.9 ng/ml in patients with AB, BN, and EDNOS-B/P, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml) was found in 7.8% of the patients, and insufficiency (15-20 ng/ml) in 22.2%. Only 16.7% had levels >32 ng/ml, considered optimal by some experts. No associations were found between 25OHD levels and BMD or comorbid depression. 25OHD levels during winter were significantly lower than summer levels (p < .001). Mean lumbar spine BMD z-score in patients with AN and EDNOS-B/P type was low (-1.5 ± 1.1) and correlated with body mass index standard deviation score (p = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with eating disorders show a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Given the risk of osteoporosis in this population, 25OHD levels found in this group may not offer optimal bone protection. Vitamin D levels should be routinely checked and supplementation should be administered as required.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endcrinology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.|The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Dalit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modan-Moses
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endcrinology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.|The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy-Shraga
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endcrinology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.|The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pinhas-Hamiel
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kochavi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enoch-Levy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vered
authors.affiliation: The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.|Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: anorexia nervosa; bone density; depression; eating disorders; vitamin D