title: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) as a Pharmacological Target for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.
abstract: In the present era of ever-increasing antibiotic resistance and increasingly complex and immunosuppressed patient populations, physicians and scientists are seeking novel approaches to battle difficult infectious disease conditions. Development of a serious infection implies a failure of innate immune capabilities in the patient, and one may consider whether pharmacological strategies exist to correct and enhance innate immune cell function. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the central regulator of the cellular response to hypoxic stress, has recently been recognized to control the activation state and key microbicidal functions of immune cells. HIF-1 boosting drugs are in clinical development for anemia and other indications, and could be repositioned as infectious disease therapeutics. With equal attention to opportunities and complexities, we review our current understanding of HIF-1 regulation of microbial host-pathogen interactions with an eye toward future drug development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. vnizet@ucsd.edu.|Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. vnizet@ucsd.edu.|Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Medical Sciences Research 4113, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0760, USA. vnizet@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nizet
keywords: Bacteria; Dendritic cells; Hypoxia-inducible factor; Innate immunity; Macrophages; Neutrophils; T cells; Virus