title: At-Risk/Problematic Shopping and Gambling in Adolescence.
abstract: Elevated levels of both pathological gambling (PG) and problem shopping (PS) have been reported among adolescents, and each is associated with a range of other negative health/functioning measures. However, relationships between PS and PG, particularly during adolescence, are not well understood. In this study, we explored the relationship between different levels of problem-gambling severity and health/functioning characteristics, gambling-related social experiences, gambling behaviors and motivations among adolescents with and without at-risk/problematic shopping (ARPS). Survey data from Connecticut high school students (n = 2,100) were analyzed using bivariate analyses and logistic regression modeling. Although at-risk/problematic gambling (ARPG) was not increased among adolescents with ARPS, adolescents with ARPG (vs non-gamblers) were more likely to report having experienced a growing tension or anxiety that could only be relieved by shopping and missing other obligations due to shopping. In comparison to the non-ARPS group, a smaller proportion of respondents in the ARPS group reported paid part-time employment, whereas a greater proportion of respondents reported excessive gambling by peers and feeling concerned over the gambling of a close family member. In general, similar associations between problem-gambling severity and measures of health/functioning and gambling-related behaviors and motivations were observed across ARPS and non-ARPS adolescents. However, associations were weaker among ARPS adolescents for several variables: engagement in extracurricular activities, alcohol and caffeine use and gambling for financial reasons. These findings suggest a complex relationship between problem-gambling severity and ARPS. They highlight the importance of considering co-occurring risk behaviors such as ARPS when treating adolescents with at-risk/problem gambling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.|School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Songli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.|Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Corey E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pilver
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Guilford, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: Problem Gambling Services, Middletown, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Loreen J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rugle
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Suchitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan-Sarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.|VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Rani A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.|Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.|Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D003132:Commerce; D003237:Connecticut; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Adolescence; Behavioral addictions; Development; Pathological gambling; Problem shopping; Substance use