title: Effects of salinomycin and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chickens.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to compare the effect of salinomycin and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum antibody levels against Clostridium spp. and Eimeria spp., and cytokine mRNA expression levels in broiler chickens raised in the used litter. Broiler chickens fed a diet containing salinomycin showed lower (P < 0.05) body weights compared with the control diet-fed counterparts. Serum nitric oxide levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in chickens fed the B. subtilis-enriched diet compared with those on either the salinomycin-fed or control diet-fed chickens. None of the dietary treatments affected (P > 0.05) serum antibody levels against Clostridium perfringens toxins. Both salinomycin and B.subtilis significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the serum levels of Eimeria-specific antibodies compared with the control group. Salinomycin, but not B. subtilis, significantly modulated (P < 0.05) the expression of cytokines encoding interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary salinomycin and B. subtilis affected serum anticoccidial antibody and intestinal cytokine expression, but failed to improve growth performance in broiler chickens. Further study is warranted to investigate the mode of action of salinomycin on host immune response and growth performance in broiler chickens.
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea. Electronic address: kyungwoolee@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lillehoj
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Seung I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Sung-Hyen
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D003013:Clostridium / Q000276:immunology; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004539:Eimeria / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D011714:Pyrans; C010327:salinomycin; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Broiler chickens; Cytokines; Growth performance; Immunity; Salinomycin