title: Role of multidetector CT in the recognition of hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia: correlation with DWI-MRI sequences and clinical data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) obtained by multidetector computed tomography (CT) in predicting acute stroke, using diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference. The location of the HMCAS, the extension of the ischaemic lesion and its prognostic value were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CT examinations of 654 patients with symptoms related to acute cerebral stroke were retrospectively reviewed. DW-MRI confirmed recent stroke in 175 patients. Two expert neuroradiologists analysed the CT examinations of these patients in four phases. Sensitivity, specificity and interobserver reliability was evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups according to the HMCAS site (M1-M2-M3) and the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) on DW-MRI was calculated. The ASPECTS average score was correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 41 patients, the presence of HMCAS was confirmed (71 % sensitivity; 100 % specificity; Interobserver reliability k, 84 %). An inverse correlation was found by comparing the ASPECTS and NIHSS scores (Rsq = -0.206). After logistic regression analysis, HMCAS was found to be independently associated with a poor outcome (mRS >2) at 3 months after adjusting for age, NIHSS on admission, risk factors and aetiology of stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that HMCAS obtained with multidetector CT can be detected in more than 70 % of patients with large acute ischaemic lesion and it is an unfavourable prognostic sign.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Foundation Rome, Rehabilitation Facility Ceglie Messapica, Progetto Merit RBNE08E8CZ, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biraschi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tavanti
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beccia
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dilisi
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castrignanò
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierallini
authors.forename: Luigi Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fantozzi
authors.forename: Maurizia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasura
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozzao
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*