title: Botulinum neurotoxin type A versus punctal plug insertion in the management of dry eye disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacies of punctal plug insertion and Botulinum toxin injection in dry eye disease not responding to topical medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-controlled randomized clinical trial of two parallel groups of 60 dry eye patients seen in the clinic not responding to topical medications were divided into two groups. One group received punctal plugs and the other group received Botulinum toxin injections to prevent lacrimal tear drainage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 36 patients with a mean age of 44.5 years who received punctal plugs, 50% of them experienced improvements in the clinical manifestations of their disease. 12/36 (33.3%) developed plug extrusion, and 6/36 (16.7%) patients developed conjunctival erosions with irritation that necessitated plug removal within one week of insertion. A total of 24 patients with a mean age of 47.5 years received injections of Botulinum toxin. Of these, 83.3% had improvement in all of the clinical manifestations of dry eye. 4/24 (16.7%) had no improvement in the degrees to which they experienced foreign body sensations, 33.3% reported shampoo entering the eye while showering. All of the patients who received Botulinum toxin injections were satisfied with the results of their treatment, whereas only 72.3% of the patients who received punctal plugs were satisfied with their results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum neurotoxin A injections can be a very good alternative to punctal plugs in improving the clinical manifestations of dry eye disease They are associated with the development of fewer and milder complications and with higher levels of patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bukhari
keywords: Botulinum toxin; Sjogren's syndrome; dry eye; punctal plugs