title: Association of renal function with vascular stiffness in older adults: the Rotterdam study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  arterial stiffening is a marker of vascular ageing and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A potential mechanism linking cardiovascular disease to chronic kidney disease might be the change in arterial elasticity. We aim to determine the association between renal function and arterial stiffness in older subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rotterdam study, a population-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  we included 3,279 subjects from 1997 to 1999 with a mean age of 71.9 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to assess renal function. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid distensibility coefficient were used as measures of arterial stiffness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  each standard deviation increase in eGFR, adjusting for age and sex, was associated with 0.14 m/s lower PWV [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.23, -0.05]. Further adjustments for socio-demographic and cardiovascular risk factors did not change the association (β: -0.16 m/s; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.06). There was a linear association between mean values of PWV and quartiles of glomerular filtration rate (P for trend = 0.006). There was no association between decreased renal function and carotid distensibility. There was no statistical difference in the strength of the association between renal function and PWV in subgroups of participants with and without cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in this large population-based study of elderly subjects, our findings suggest that renal impairment is associated with aortic stiffness. This association is independent of cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Dr. R.A. Calderón Guardia, University of Costa Rica, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Franklin G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Dawkins Arce
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Germaine C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Verwoert
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Arfan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacqueline C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattace-Raso
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: arterial stiffness; carotid distensibility; older people; pulse wave velocity; renal function