title: Fingolimod in active multiple sclerosis: an impressive decrease in Gd-enhancing lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fingolimod is a disease modifying therapy (DMT) in highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), as is natalizumab. Fingolimod decreases annual relapse rates and gadolinium enhancing lesions on MRI as compared to either interferon beta (IFNβ) or placebo. The effect of fingolimod on MRI outcomes compared to natalizumab treatment has not been investigated in (head to head) clinical trials. Clinical experience with natalizumab is much more extended and in general practice often preferred.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case describes a 31-year old woman with RRMS, who experienced severe side effects on natalizumab. After a voluntary four months treatment free period, a severe relapse appeared which was treated with prednisone and plasmapheresis; thereafter fingolimod was initiated. In the following months MRI signs improved spectacularly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case suggests that fingolimod might be a good alternative for natalizumab, especially for use in RRMS patients, with highly active, advanced disease, when natalizumab treatment is stopped due to side effects or even after a severe relapse.
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, theNetherlands. a.muris@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Anne-Hilde
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Muris
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damoiseaux
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koeman
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hupperts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine