title: The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire: a North American analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), originally developed in Britain by Reason et al. [Reason, J., Manstead, A., Stradling, S., Baxter, J., & Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road: A real distinction? Ergonomics, 33, 1315-1332] is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring driver behaviors linked to collision risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The goals of the study were to adapt the DBQ for a North American driving population, assess the component structure of the items, and to determine whether scores on the DBQ could predict self-reported traffic collisions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the original Reason et al. items, our data indicate a two-component solution involving errors and violations. Evidence for a Lapses component was not found. The 20 items most closely resembling those of Parker et al. [Parker, D., Reason, J. T., Manstead, A. S. R., & Stradling, S. G. (1995). Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement. Ergonomics, 38, 1036-1048] yielded a solution with 3 orthogonal components that reflect errors, lapses, and violations. Although violations and Lapses were positively and significantly correlated with self-reported collision involvement, the classification accuracy of the resulting models was quite poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A North American DBQ has the same component structure as reported previously, but has limited ability to predict self-reported collisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. Electronic address: scheilacordazzo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sheila T D
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Cordazzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. Electronic address: scialfa@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Scialfa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. Electronic address: kbubric@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bubric
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. Electronic address: rachel.jones.ross@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Rachel Jones
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Collisions; Driver behavior; Errors; Lapses; Violations