title: Safe management of chronic pain in pregnancy in an era of opioid misuse and abuse.
abstract: Safe and effective management of chronic pain in pregnancy is challenging. Use of over-the-counter analgesics, opioids, opioid substitution therapies, complementary and alternative therapies, antidepressants, and anxiolytics each have benefits and risks for the mother and neonate that must be considered. Because of their potency, opioids are often used despite associated risks for adverse effects, abuse, diversion, and addiction. Development of a pain management protocol for the counsel and care of pregnant women with pain is necessary.
authors.forename: Ursula A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Pritham
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D061214:Patient Safety; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Opioids; chronic pain; opiates; pain management; preconception care; pregnancy