title: Similarity between generic and brand-name antihypertensive drugs for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a large population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although generic and earlier brand-name counterparts are bioequivalent, their equivalence in preventing relevant clinical outcomes is of concern.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare effectiveness of generic and brand-name antihypertensive drugs for preventing the onset of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based, nested case-control study was carried out by including the cohort of 78 520 patients from Lombardy (Italy) aged 18 years or older who were newly treated with antihypertensive drugs during 2005. Cases were the 2206 patients who experienced a hospitalization for CV disease from initial prescription until 2011. One control for each case was randomly selected from the same cohort that generated cases. Logistic regression was used to model the CV risk associated with starting on and/or continuing with generic or brand-name agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no evidence that patients who started on generics experienced different CV risk than those on brand-name product (OR 0·86; 95% CI 0·63-1·17). Patients at whom generics were main dispensed had not significantly difference in CV outcomes than those mainly on brand-name agents (OR 1·19; 95% CI 0·86-1·63). Compared with patients who kept initial brand-name therapy, those who experienced brand-to-generic or generic-to-brand switches, and those always on generics, did not show differential CV risks, being the corresponding ORs (and 95% CIs), 1·18 (0·96-1·47), 0·87 (0·63-1·21) and 1·08 (0·80-1·46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings do not support the notion that brand-name antihypertensive agents are superior to generics for preventing CV outcomes in the real-world clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corrao
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soranna
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Merlino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D057915:Drug Substitution; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011322:Primary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D016568:Drugs, Generic
keywords: Antihypertensive treatment; brand-name; cardiovascular outcomes; databases; generic; primary prevention