title: Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells.
abstract: Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. Changes in the polysaccharides were confirmed by HPSEC and FTIR. Moreover, the monolignol content was increased in the final residue, which suggests increased lignin content. The cytoplasm was altered, and the chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape. The arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P.19046, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério Barbosa
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina 86001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Benedito
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina 86001-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Gonzaga Esteves
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Lúcio Ferrarese
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ferrarese-Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucélia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donatti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Regina Torres
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boeger
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P.19046, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil. Electronic address: clop@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Carmen Lúcia
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Petkowicz
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry*; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D010368:Pectins / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C007916:hemicellulose; D010368:Pectins
keywords: Cell wall; Coffea arabica; Lignin; Polysaccharide; Salt stress