title: Nontyphoidal cardiac salmonellosis: two case reports and a review of the literature.
abstract: Nontyphoidal Salmonella, especially Salmonella enterica, is a rare cause of endocarditis and pericarditis that carries a high mortality rate. Proposed predisposing conditions include immunodeficiency states, congenital heart defects, and cardiac valve diseases. We present 2 cases of cardiovascular salmonellosis. The first case is that of a 73-year-old woman with mechanical mitral and bioprosthetic aortic valves who died from sequelae of nontyphoidal Salmonella mitral valve vegetation, aortic valve abscess, and sepsis. The second case is that of a 62-year-old man with a recent systemic lupus erythematosus exacerbation treated with oral steroids, who presented with obstructive features of tamponade and sepsis secondary to a large S. enteritidis purulent pericardial cyst. He recovered after emergent pericardial drainage and antibiotic therapy. Identifying patients at risk of cardiovascular salmonellosis is important for early diagnosis and treatment to minimize sequelae and death. We reviewed the literature to identify the predisposing risk factors of nontyphoidal Salmonella cardiac infection.
authors.affiliation: Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Siegal
authors.affiliation: Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215.
authors.forename: Bijoy K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Khandheria
authors.affiliation: Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004322:Drainage; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008476:Mediastinal Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Autoimmune diseases/complications; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella infections/epidemiology/etiology/mortality/transmission; bacteremia; endocarditis; immunocompromised host; nontyphoidal Salmonella; pericarditis; prosthesis-related infections