title: Robust pro-inflammatory and lesser anti-inflammatory immune responses during primary simian varicella virus infection and reactivation in rhesus macaques.
abstract: Simian varicella virus (SVV) infection of non-human primates models human varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Assessment of cell signaling immune responses in monkeys after primary SVV infection, after immunosuppression and during reactivation revealed strong pro-inflammatory responses and lesser anti-inflammatory components during varicella and reactivation. Pro-inflammatory mediators elevated during varicella included interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interferon inducible T-cell α chemoattractant protein (I-TAC), interferon processing protein (IP-10), and anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 Receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). After immunosuppression and at reactivation, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1, eotaxin, IL-6, IL-8, MIF, RANTES (regulated-on-activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted), and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) were elevated, as was the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-1Ra. Characterization of cytokine, chemokine and growth factor responses during different stages of varicella virus infection will facilitate immunotherapeutic and vaccine strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA, vtraina@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Traina-Dorge
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Lara A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Doyle-Meyers
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Haro
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wellish
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilden
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D018140:Varicellovirus / Q000502:physiology; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines