title: Sulfonated polystyrene magnetic nanobeads coupled with immunochromatographic strip for clenbuterol determination in pork muscle.
abstract: A magnetic solid-phase extraction method (MSPE) was developed to pre-concentrate and cleanup clenbuterol (CLE) from pork muscle. Novel sulfonated polystyrene magnetic nanobeads (spMNBs) were synthesized via a one-pot emulsion copolymerization method by using divinylbenzene, styrene, and sodium styrene sulfonate in the presence of oleic acid-modified and 10-undecylenic acid-modified magnetic ferrofluid. The resulting spMNBs exhibited high adsorption efficiency for CLE and for 10 other common beta-adrenergic agonists, namely, brombuterol, ractopamine, tulobuterol, bambuterol, cimbuterol, mabuterol, clorprenaline, penbutolol, salbutamol, and cimaterol. The adsorption behavior of the spMNBs for CLE was described by the Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.41 mg/g. Under the optimized parameters, the extraction of CLE from 0.5 g of pork muscle required 25mg of the spMNBs at a shortened adsorption time (0.5 min). The proposed MSPE was coupled with colloidal gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (MSPE-AuNPIA) for the quantitative detection of CLE residue in pork muscle. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the pork muscle were 0.10 and 0.24 ng/g, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day assay recoveries at three CLE spiked concentrations ranged from 92.5% to 98.1%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 3.2% to 13.0%. The results of MSPE-AuNPIA were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The CLE values obtained with MSPE-AuNPIA agreed with those obtained with LC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feedstuff control, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Kesheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Hengyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zystein, LLC, Fayetteville AR72704, USA.
authors.forename: Zoraida P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feedstuff control, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Guomao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China. Electronic address: yhxiongchen@163.com.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
authors.forename: Yiqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008280:Magnetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008863:Microspheres; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes; D002976:Clenbuterol
keywords: Clenbuterol; Immunochromatographic strip; Magnetic solid phase extraction; Magnetic sulfonated polystyrene nanobeads