title: "One for all and all for one": consensus-building within communities in rural India on their health microinsurance package.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study deals with consensus by poor persons in the informal sector in rural India on the benefit-package of their community-based health insurance (CBHI). In this article we describe the process of involving rural poor in benefit-package design and assess the underlying reasons for choices they made and their ability to reach group consensus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The benefit-package selection process entailed four steps: narrowing down the options by community representatives, plus three Choosing Healthplans All Together (CHAT) rounds conducted among female members of self-help groups. We use mixed-methods and four sources of data: baseline study, CHAT exercises, in-depth interviews, and evaluation questionnaires. We define consensus as a community resolution reached by discussion, considering all opinions, and to which everyone agrees. We use the coefficient of unalikeability to express consensus quantitatively (as variability of categorical variables) rather than just categorically (as a binomial Yes/No).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coefficient of unalikeability decreased consistently over consecutive CHAT rounds, reaching zero (ie, 100% consensus) in two locations, and confirmed gradual adoption of consensus. Evaluation interviews revealed that the wish to be part of a consensus was dominant in all locations. The in-depth interviews indicated that people enjoyed the participatory deliberations, were satisfied with the selection, and that group decisions reflected a consensus rather than majority. Moreover, evidence suggests that pre-selectors and communities aimed to enhance the likelihood that many households would benefit from CBHI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The voluntary and contributory CBHI relies on an engaging experience with others to validate perceived priorities of the target group. The strongest motive for choice was the wish to join a consensus (more than price or package-composition) and the intention that many members should benefit. The degree of consensus improved with iterative CHAT rounds. Harnessing group consensus requires catalytic intervention, as the process is not spontaneous.
authors.affiliation: Micro Insurance Academy, New Delhi, India ; Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dror
authors.affiliation: Micro Insurance Academy, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Micro Insurance Academy, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Atanu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koren
keywords: CBHI; benefit-package design; community-based health insurance; micro health insurance