title: Differences in personality traits between male-to-female and female-to-male gender identity disorder subjects.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate differences in personality traits among male-to-female (MtF), female-to-male (FtM) gender identity disorder (GID) subjects and non-transsexual male (M) and female (F) controls. Subjects were 72 MtF and 187 FtM GID subjects without psychiatric comorbidities together with 184 male and 159 female non-transsexual controls. Personality traits were assessed using a short version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125). Group comparisons were made by two-way ANOVA. Statistical significances were observed as follows: 1) lower novelty seeking in FtM than in M or MtF, 2) higher reward dependence in FtM than in M, 3) higher cooperativeness in FtM than in M or MtF, 4) the highest self-transcendence in MtF among all the groups. The highest self-transcendence in MtF subjects may reflect their vulnerable identity and constrained adaptation to society as the minority. Nevertheless, higher reward dependence and cooperativeness in FtM subjects can be related to more determined motivation for the treatments of GID and might promise better social functioning and adjustment than MtF subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Clinic Omoromachi, Naha, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. Electronic address: e_m_okinawa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Amekudai Hospital, Naha, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Munenaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013694:Temperament; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: FtM; GID; MtF; Personality traits; Treatment