title: Synaptic dysregulation in a human iPS cell model of mental disorders.
abstract: Dysregulated neurodevelopment with altered structural and functional connectivity is believed to underlie many neuropsychiatric disorders, and 'a disease of synapses' is the major hypothesis for the biological basis of schizophrenia. Although this hypothesis has gained indirect support from human post-mortem brain analyses and genetic studies, little is known about the pathophysiology of synapses in patient neurons and how susceptibility genes for mental disorders could lead to synaptic deficits in humans. Genetics of most psychiatric disorders are extremely complex due to multiple susceptibility variants with low penetrance and variable phenotypes. Rare, multiply affected, large families in which a single genetic locus is probably responsible for conferring susceptibility have proven invaluable for the study of complex disorders. Here we generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from four members of a family in which a frameshift mutation of disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) co-segregated with major psychiatric disorders and we further produced different isogenic iPS cell lines via gene editing. We showed that mutant DISC1 causes synaptic vesicle release deficits in iPS-cell-derived forebrain neurons. Mutant DISC1 depletes wild-type DISC1 protein and, furthermore, dysregulates expression of many genes related to synapses and psychiatric disorders in human forebrain neurons. Our study reveals that a psychiatric disorder relevant mutation causes synapse deficits and transcriptional dysregulation in human neurons and our findings provide new insight into the molecular and synaptic etiopathology of psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3].
authors.forename: Zhexing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3].
authors.forename: Ha Nam
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2].
authors.forename: Ziyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lalli
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xinyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Yijing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Nam-Shik
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Ki-Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nauen
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Huimei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Elmer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsuan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoritomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaibuchi
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jizhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Linzhao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: 1] Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: 1] Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kosik
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [4] The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [4] The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Guo-li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ming
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005347:Fibroblasts; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C412476:DISC1 protein, human; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D005973:Glutamine