title: [The relationship between the temperature increase caused by phacoemulsification and the damage to the corneal endothelium].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial cell damage can be found after a phacoemulsification. The reason for this cell damage is not yet known. The temperature rise inside the anterior chamber during the emulsification of the lens is considered as a potential damage mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the temperature increase and the cell damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed with 86 enucleated porcine eyes, which were divided into six groups A-F. Group A served as control group. Phacoemulsification was simulated in the groups B-E with different surgically relevant system settings. The temperature change was measured simultaneously with temperature sensors inside the anterior chamber. Inside the eyes of group F, the instruments were positioned and irrigation and aspiration were activated, but no ultrasound was applied. For all 86 corneas, the endothelial cell damage was quantified with a standardised evaluation protocol using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A potential correlation was checked between the observed cell damage and the measured temperature rise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest temperature increase in group E with an obstructed aspiration line and an output power setting of 50 % was 17.77 °C. The temperature increase in group D with an output power setting of 100 % and unblocked fluid flow was significantly lower (p = 0.006). The highest temperature increase in group D was 8.89 °C. In contrast, the cells in group D were rated with a significantly lower score value than the cells in group E (p < 0.001). No significant correlation between the temperature rise and the cell damage could be obtained in due consideration of all measured data. However, an increase of the output power setting was connected with a non-linear increase of the cell loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temperature rise was not the main reason for the endothelial cell damage in the performed experiments. Therefore, there seems to be no causal relationship between the temperature increase inside the anterior chamber during a common phacoemulsification and the endothelial cell damage. Due to the strong dependence between the output power setting and the cell damage, the lowest output power setting should be used during surgery which ensures the emulsification of the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Schall, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buschschlüter
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Eicken
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Augenheilkunde, St.-Johannes-Hospital, Dortmund.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Augen im Zentrum, Greifswald.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Augen im Zentrum, Greifswald.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werschnik
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Schall, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Höh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055954:Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature