title: Anthropometric, food intake differences and applicability of low-cost instruments for the measurement of body composition in two distinct groups of individuals with short bowel syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Short bowel syndrome is associated with weight loss due to nutrient, electrolyte and fluid malabsorption. In view of the pathophysiology of SBS, all patients would be expected to exhibit similar clinical signs and symptoms, whereas many variations occur probably due to the adaptive capacity of the remaining small intestine in order to compensate for the resected area.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a difference in nutritional status and food intake between patients receiving PNT, patients who do not receive PNT but are monitored on an ambulatory basis, and control subjects, and 2) to determine body composition by two different methods, i.e., electrical bioimpedance and skin fold measurement.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study where the subjects were divided into three groups: parenteral group (PG) - adults with a history of SBS intermittently using PNT; ambulatory group (AG) - adults with a history of SBS who do not receive PNT; control group (CG) - adults with no history of intestinal resections and/or use of PNT. The volunteers were submitted to measurements of body weight, height, body composition by bioimpedance analysis and assessment of food intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the aid of the SAS® 9.2. software, using the PROC GLM feature. The Student t-test was used to compare the instruments for the assessment of body composition, with the aid of the PROC TTEST feature of the SAS® 9.2 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two volunteers, 19 women and 13 men, participated in the study. The PNT group consisted of 9 volunteers, 4 women and 5 men, with a mean (± SD) age of 57 ± 9 years. The nutrition status and food intake were different between the groups. There was no difference in percent body fat measured by anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large resections, as well as the resected portions, explain the greater nutritional impairment of PG compared to AG and CG, although no significant difference in food consumption was detected between these three groups. Since the use of PNT can lead to a state of hyperhydration, the results of BIA should be interpreted with caution, in view of the fact that the lean mass determined by this method varies positively with the hydration state of an individual.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto/USP. Brasil.. leticia_bizari@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bizari
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto/USP. Brasil.. leticia_bizari@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Andressa Feijó
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Da Silva Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto/USP. Brasil.. leticia_bizari@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Júlio Sérgio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto/USP. Brasil.. vmmsuen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marques Miguel Suen
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*