title: Use of lyophilised and powdered Gentiana lutea root in fresh beef patties stored under different atmospheres.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gentiana lutea root is a medicinal herb that contains many active compounds which contribute to physiological effects, and it has recently attracted much attention as a natural source of antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the colour, pH, microbial activities, sensory quality and resistance to lipid oxidation (through the thiobarbituric acid method) during storage of beef patties containing different concentrations of G. lutea. Fresh beef patties were formulated with 0-5 g kg(-1) of G. lutea and 0 or 0.5 g kg(-1) of ascorbic acid and packed in two different atmospheres, Modified Atmosphere 1 (MAP1) and Modified Atmosphere 2 (MAP2), and stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 10 days. MAP1 contained 20:80 (v/v) O2:CO2 and MAP2 contained 80:20 (v/v) O2:CO2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G. lutea extracts possessed antioxidant activity measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. Beef patties containing 2 g kg(-1) of lyophilised G. lutea were stable towards lipid oxidation in both atmospheres (P < 0.05). Beef patties containing a combination of 2 g kg(-1) G. lutea and 0.5 g kg(-1) ascorbic acid showed significantly reduced changes in colour and in lipid oxidation (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study demonstrate the potential of G. lutea as a food ingredient in the design of healthier meat commodities.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.|Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Department, University Malaysia Pahang, 26000, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul A M
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Azman
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skowyra
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: María Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Almajano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D018857:Food Packaging; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D063427:Food Quality; D061353:Food Storage; D005612:Freeze Drying; D030012:Gentiana / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012677:Sensation; D013030:Spain; D013649:Taste; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005520:Food Preservatives; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Gentiana lutea; antioxidant; beef patties; lipid oxidation; modified atmosphere