title: Johannes Vermeer of Delft [1632-1675] and vision in neuroendoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Johannes Vermeer of Delft [1632-1675] was one of the greatest Masters of the Dutch Golden Age who was intensely preoccupied with the behavior of light and other optical effects and was entitled "The Master of Light". He fastidiously attended to the subtleties of visual expression through geometry, composition, and precise mastery of the rules of perspective. It has been our impression that some visual similarity does exist between neuroendoscopic images and some of Vermeer's paintings. Such a relation could be explained by the fact that optical devices are utilized in producing both types of display.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the pertinent medical and art literature, observed some video clips of our endoscopy cases, and inspected digital high resolution images of Vermeer's paintings in order to elaborate on shared optical phenomena between neuroendoscopic views and Vermeer's paintings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific optical phenomena are indeed shared by Johannes Vermeer's works and neuroendoscopic vision, namely light and color effects as well as the rules of perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the physical point of view, the possibility that a camera obscura inspired Vermeer's artistic creation makes the existence of a visual link between his paintings and the endoscopic views of the intracranial cavity comprehensible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Waleed A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prevedello
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
keywords: Light; Vermeer; neuroendoscopy; vision