title: Optogenetic modulation and multi-electrode analysis of cerebellar networks in vivo.
abstract: The firing patterns of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), as the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, determine and tune motor behavior. PC firing is modulated by various inputs from different brain regions and by cell-types including granule cells (GCs), climbing fibers and inhibitory interneurons. To understand how signal integration in PCs occurs and how subtle changes in the modulation of PC firing lead to adjustment of motor behaviors, it is important to precisely record PC firing in vivo and to control modulatory pathways in a spatio-temporal manner. Combining optogenetic and multi-electrode approaches, we established a new method to integrate light-guides into a multi-electrode system. With this method we are able to variably position the light-guide in defined regions relative to the recording electrode with micrometer precision. We show that PC firing can be precisely monitored and modulated by light-activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressed in PCs, GCs and interneurons. Thus, this method is ideally suited to investigate the spatio/temporal modulation of PCs in anesthetized and in behaving mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aarse
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manahan-Vaughan
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herlitze
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D015870:Gene Expression; D018390:Gene Targeting; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D062308:Optogenetics; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000075402:Channelrhodopsins