title: Membrane stabilisation: a possible anti-inflammatory mechanism for the extracts and compounds from Spathodea campanulata.
abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of extract, fractions and pure molecules from Spathodea campanulata (SC) towards inflammation. Polarity-based extracts of SC were found active in stabilising red blood cell (RBC) membrane indicating anti-inflammatory potential. Bioactivity-guided isolation of SC produced 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-gentiobiose and (2S)-1,2-di-O-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl]-3-O-[α-d-galctopyranosyl-(1″ → 6')-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl] glycerol as the active constituents with 65.91% and 67.41% of membrane stability, respectively. Activity of the third compound (verminoside) could not be ascertained owing to extremely low recoverability. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were subjected to in silico studies. The compounds showed good binding affinity towards cyclooxygenase-2. Absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion (ADME)-toxicity studies illustrated that the isolated compounds are free of toxicity. These observations help us to conclude that SC might exert its anti-inflammatory activity by soothing the RBC membrane as it is the case for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs towards lysozomal membranes. Therefore, SC might be considered as a potential candidate for development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Dschang , P.O. Box 67, Dschang , Cameroon.
authors.forename: Pone Kamdem
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Boniface
authors.forename: Surjeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Feroz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Santosh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029402:Bignoniaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000595470:1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-beta-gentiobiose; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004187:Disaccharides; D039823:Iridoids; C506490:verminoside; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human
keywords: ADME-toxicity; HRBCs membrane stabilisation; Spathodea campanulata; anti-inflammatory; in silico prediction