title: Dynamic loading of electrospun yarns guides mesenchymal stem cells towards a tendon lineage.
abstract: Alternative strategies are required when autograft tissue is not sufficient or available to reconstruct damaged tendons. Electrospun fibre yarns could provide such an alternative. This study investigates the seeding of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on electrospun yarns and their response when subjected to dynamic tensile loading. Cell seeded yarns sustained 3600 cycles per day for 21 days. Loaded yarns demonstrated a thickened cell layer around the scaffold׳s exterior compared to statically cultured yarns, which would suggest an increased rate of cell proliferation and/or matrix deposition, whilst maintaining a predominant uniaxial cell orientation. Tensile properties of cell-seeded yarns increased with time compared to acellular yarns. Loaded scaffolds demonstrated an up-regulation in several key tendon genes, including collagen Type I. This study demonstrates the support of hMSCs on electrospun yarns and their differentiation towards a tendon lineage when mechanically stimulated.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bosworth
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rathbone
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: sarah.cartmell@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cartmell
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057139:Nanofibers; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013710:Tendons / Q000473:pathology*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Cyclical loading; Dynamic loading; Electrospinning; Mesenchymal stem cells; Poly(ε-caprolactone); Tendon