title: Scratch wound closure of myoblasts and myotubes is reduced by inflammatory mediators.
abstract: Complex interactions exist between muscle repair processes and acute inflammatory responses that are initiated by exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to examine whether inflammatory mediators secreted by activated macrophages affect the migration of myogenic cells to the injury site. Migration was measured using a scratch wound closure assay in C2 C12 -derived myogenic cells incubated in activated macrophage-conditioned medium. Both myoblast and myotube migrations were significantly reduced in activated macrophage-conditioned medium compared with control medium. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibitory effect on myoblast and myotube migrations was mediated, at least in part, by the two major cytokines secreted by activated macrophages, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. These findings suggest that the migration rate of myogenic cells may be reduced by inflammatory mediators. It may provide useful insights for future researches on the role of macrophages in the process of muscle repair and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Miau-Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Sport Science Research Center, National Taiwan University of Physical Education and Sport, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Kang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Physical Education and Sport, Taichung, Taiwan. shfang@ntupes.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008264:Macrophages; D051379:Mice; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; D032446:Myoblasts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: IL-6; Inflammation; Macrophage; Muscle injury; TNF-α