title: phylin: an r package for phylogeographic interpolation.
abstract: phylin is a package for the r programming environment which offers different methods to spatially interpolate genetic information from phylogeographic data. These interpolations can be used to predict the spatial occurrence of different lineages within a phylogeny using a modified method of kriging, which allows the usage of a genetic distance matrix to derive a model of spatial dependence. phylin improves the available methods to generate interpolated surfaces from a phylogenetic trees by assessing the autocorrelation structure of the genetic information, interpolating the genetic data based on a statistical model, estimating the uncertainty of the predictions and identifying lineage occurrence and contact zones probability without projection of pairwise genetic distances into mid-points between sample locations. The package also includes methods to plot interpolation surfaces and provide summary tables from the generated data and models. We provide an example of the usefulness of this tool by inferring the spatial occurrence of distinct historical evolutionary lineages of the Lataste's viper (Vipera latastei Boscá, 1878) in the Iberian Peninsula and identifying potential contact areas. The maps of phylogenetic patterns obtained with these methods provide a spatial context to test hypotheses related to processes underlying the geographic distribution of genetic diversity and to inform conservation planning.
authors.affiliation: CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tarroso
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velo-Antón
authors.forename: Sílvia B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D058974:Phylogeography / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D017819:Viperidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
keywords: genetic distance; kriging; phylogeography; spatial interpolation; vipers