title: Failure to improve a thin endometrium in the late proliferative phase with uterine infusion of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the treatment with uterine infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can improve endometrial thickness in an infertile woman with a double uterus, who consistently showed a thin endometrium in the late proliferative phase either in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) IVF-ET cycles or with graduated estrogen/sildenafil protocols for frozen embryo transfer (ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single uterine infusion of G-CSF was performed in the late proliferative phase in a woman who only attained a five-mm thickness despite a high dose vaginal and oral estradiol regimen plus sildenafil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No increase was found within a couple days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A previous four-case study in another center found 100% improvement in the endometrial thickness in women with consistently thin endometria. Perhaps the uterine anomaly in the present case prevented the response of the endometrium.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Check
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D036502:Infusions, Intralesional; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004958:Estradiol; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate