title: Identification of linoleic acid, a main component of the n-hexane fraction from Dryopteris crassirhizoma, as an anti-Streptococcus mutans biofilm agent.
abstract: Dryopteris crassirhizoma is a semi-evergreen plant. Previous studies have shown the potential of this plant as an agent for the control of cariogenic biofilms. In this study, the main antibacterial components of the plant were identified by correlating gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data with the antibacterial activity of chloroform and n-hexane fractions and then evaluating the activity of the most potent antibacterial component against Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms. The most potent antibacterial component was linoleic acid, a main component of the n-hexane fraction. Linoleic acid reduced viability in a dose dependent manner and reduced biofilm accumulation during initial and mature biofilm formation. Furthermore, when the biofilms were briefly treated with linoleic acid (10 min/treatment, a total of six times), the dry weight of the biofilms was significantly diminished. In addition, the anti-biofilm activity of the n-hexane fraction was similar to that of linoleic acid. These results suggest that the n-hexane fraction of D. crassirhizoma and linoleic acid may be useful for controlling cariogenic biofilms.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: Jae-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D032492:Dryopteris / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Dryopteris crassirhizoma; Streptococcus mutans biofilms; anti-biofilm component; dental caries; linoleic acid