title: Cardiac strain during upright cycle ergometry in adolescent males.
abstract: Little evidence exists with regard to changes in cardiac strain that occur during submaximal exercise in young males. The aims of the study were to evaluate the changes that occur in longitudinal (L), radial (R), and endocardial circumferential (EC) strain during submaximal upright cycle ergometry and to examine the test-retest reproducibility of these measurements. Fourteen recreationally active, adolescent (age: 17.9 ± 0.7 years) males volunteered for the study. All subjects underwent an incremental (40 W) submaximal cycle ergometer test. L, R, and EC strain values were obtained using speckle tracking, from two-dimensional B-mode images of the left ventricle (LV) during rest and the initial stages of submaximal exercise (40 and 80 W). The average of 6 LV segments was used to determine both peak wall deformation (%) and the time to peak deformation (ms). There was a statistically (P < 0.05) significant increase from rest to submaximal exercise for peak deformation for L, R, and EC strain. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease from rest to submaximal exercise for time to peak for L and R and EC strain and between submaximal workloads for time to peak for L strain and EC strain. Coefficients of variation demonstrated reproducibility for upright strain and strain rate measurements similar to published supine measurements. This study has demonstrated that changes in left ventricular wall deformation (L, R and EC strain) that occur during the transition from rest to submaximal exercise can be reliably measured and confirm that a healthy LV has a hyperdynamic response to exercise.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Viswanath B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Unnithan
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrard
authors.forename: Piers
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D016552:Ergometry / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D033081:Shear Strength / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: adolescents; exercise; function; myocardial; regional