title: Optimization of the in-needle extraction device for the direct flow of the liquid sample through the sorbent layer.
abstract: In-needle extraction was applied for preparation of aqueous samples. This technique was used for direct isolation of analytes from liquid samples which was achieved by forcing the flow of the sample through the sorbent layer: silica or polymer (styrene/divinylbenzene). Specially designed needle was packed with three different sorbents on which the analytes (phenol, p-benzoquinone, 4-chlorophenol, thymol and caffeine) were retained. Acceptable sampling conditions for direct analysis of liquid sample were selected. Experimental data collected from the series of liquid samples analysis made with use of in-needle device showed that the effectiveness of the system depends on various parameters such as breakthrough volume and the sorption capacity, effect of sampling flow rate, solvent effect on elution step, required volume of solvent for elution step. The optimal sampling flow rate was in range of 0.5-2 mL/min, the minimum volume of solvent was at 400 µL level.
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: monikapietrzynska@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietrzyńska
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voelkel
keywords: In-needle extraction; Liquid samples; Needle trap device; Permeability in needle; Poly(styrene–divinylbenzene); Silica sorbents