title: An in vivo model for the study of ovarian cancer and the persistence of characteristic mutations in xenografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors affecting xenograft growth of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells in nude mice and to detect characteristic mutations occurring in the xenografts following serial passage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 64 human EOCs were subcutaneously inoculated in Balb/c nude mice in order to obtain a series of xenografts. Whole-exome sequencing was analyzed with Agilent SureSelect targeted enrichment capture system and Illumina Solexa Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform. Mutations were confirmed by comparison against the reference genome build 37.3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor take rate was 50% (32/64). TP53 mutation was detected in nine often Type II tumors. BRAF and CTNNB1 were not mutated in any of the samples, and PTEN mutation occurred in only one sample. The present data indicate that advanced stage serous EOCs and early stage non-serous EOCs were easy to grow in nude mice, and xenografts maintained the characteristic mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced stage serous EOCs and early stage non-serous EOCs were easy to grow in nude mice, and xenografts maintained the characteristic mutations. Xenografts in nude mice are useful in vivo models for the study of human EOCs.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D064593:Heterografts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009154:Mutation; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C503859:PI3KCA protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051176:beta Catenin; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins