title: Cancer risks and long-term community-level exposure to pentachlorophenol in contaminated areas, China.
abstract: Widespread use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in schistosomiasis endemic areas had led to ubiquitous exposure to PCP and its residues. Numerous studies had revealed that occupational PCP exposure probably increased risk of cancers, but whether long-term community-level exposure to PCP generates the similarly carcinogenic effect, seldom studies focused on it. This study was to explore the cancer risks of long-term community-level PCP exposure from drinking water in a Chinese general population. Incident (2009-2012) cancer records were identified by local government national registry. And PCP concentration of raw drinking water samples in each district was measured by GC-MS/MS analysis for further division of three PCP exposure categories by interquartile range (high vs. medium vs. low). Internal comparisons were performed, and standard rate ratio was calculated to describe the relationship between PCP exposure and cancer risks by using low-exposure group as the reference group. PCP was detected in all 27 raw drinking water samples ranging from 11.21 to 684.00 ng/L. A total of 6,750 cases (4,409 male and 2,341 female cases) were identified, and age-standardized rate (world) was 154.95 per 100,000 person-years. The cancer incidence for the high-exposure group was remarkably high. Internal comparisons indicated that high PCP exposure might be positively associated with high cancer risks in the community population, particularly for leukemia (SRR = 5.93, 95 % CI = 5.24-6.71), maligant lymphoma (SRR = 2.27, 95 % CI = 2.10-2.54), and esophageal cancer (SRR = 2.42, 95 % CI = 2.35-2.50). Long-term community-level exposure to PCP was probably associated with hemolymph neoplasm, neurologic tumors, and digestive system neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Qinghe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Denghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Bingshuang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhenhai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010416:Pentachlorophenol