title: Value of urinary survivin as a diagnostic marker in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the value of urinary survivin as a diagnostic marker for diagnosis of bladder cancer as compared to urine cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out on 40 patients presenting with bladder cancer and 20 patients presenting with benign urological disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For bladder cancer diagnosis, urine cytology has lower sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive values as compared to survivin, while it has higher specificity and positive predictive value than survivin. On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy of combined survivin and urine cytology were 100%, 95% and 97%, respectively. Positive urine cytology and survivin were significantly higher in cases showing advanced stage and high grade as compared to cases presented with superficial stage and low grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary survivin appears to be a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic test to identify patients with bladder cancer. The sensitivity of survivin test was superior to that of urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, especially in cases presenting with superficial stage or low grade. Combined evaluation of both survivin and urine cytology gave better sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for bladder cancer diagnosis.
authors.forename: Tarek F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Abd El-Hakim
authors.forename: Maathir K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: El-Shafie
authors.forename: Asmaa Gaber
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Abdou
authors.forename: Rania M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Azmy
authors.forename: Sherin S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: El-Naidany
authors.forename: Mohammed O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Badr El-Din
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000652:urine; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077022:Survivin; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D000077022:Survivin