title: Penialidins A-C with strong antibacterial activities from Penicillium sp., an endophytic fungus harboring leaves of Garcinia nobilis.
abstract: Three new polyketides named penialidins A-C (1-3), along with one known compound, citromycetin (4), were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp., harbored in the leaves of the Cameroonian medicinal plant Garcinia nobilis. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (NMR and HRMS(n)). The antibacterial efficacies of the new compounds (1-3) were tested against the clinically-important risk group 2 (RG2) bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The ecologically imposing strains of E. coli (RG1), Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter sp. BD4 were also included in the assay. Compound 3 exhibited pronounced activity against the clinically-relevant S. aureus as well as against B. subtilis comparable to that of the reference standard (streptomycin). Compound 2 was also highly-active against S. aureus. By comparing the structures of the three new compounds (1-3), it was revealed that altering the substitutions at C-10 and C-2 can significantly increase the antibacterial activity of 1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jean-Bosco
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jouda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamshöft
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouafo Talontsi
authors.affiliation: Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Clovis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douala Meli
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wandji
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address: m.spiteller@infu.tu-dortmund.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiteller
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D029760:Garcinia / Q000382:microbiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010407:Penicillium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D061065:Polyketides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D061065:Polyketides; C000597532:penialidin A; C000597533:penialidin B; C000597534:penialidin C
keywords: Antibacterial; Endophytic fungus; Garcinia nobilis; Penicillium sp.; Polyketides