title: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart combination for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Glycemic control remains the major therapeutic objective to prevent or delay the onset and progression of complications related to diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy represents a cornerstone in the treatment of diabetes and has been used widely for achieving glycemic goals. Nevertheless, a large portion of the population with diabetes does not meet the internationally agreed glycemic targets. Moreover, insulin treatment, especially if intensive, may be associated with emergency room visits and hospitalization due to hypoglycemic events. Therefore, fear of hypoglycemia or hypoglycemic events represents the main barriers to the attainment of glycemic targets. The burden associated with multiple daily injections also remains a significant obstacle to initiating and maintaining insulin therapy. The most attractive insulin treatment approach should meet the patients' preference, rather than demanding patients to change or adapt their lifestyle. Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a new combination, formulated with ultra-long-acting insulin degludec and rapid-acting insulin aspart, with peculiar pharmacological features, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability. IDegAsp provides similar, noninferior glycemic control to a standard basal-bolus regimen in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, with additional benefits of significantly lower episodes of hypoglycemia (particularly nocturnal) and fewer daily insulin injections. Moreover, although treatment strategy and patients' viewpoint are different in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, trial results suggest that IDegAsp may be an appropriate and reasonable option for initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on maximal doses of conventional oral agents. This paper will discuss the role of IDegAsp combination as a novel treatment option in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dardano
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miccoli
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; C578220:insulin degludec, insulin aspart drug combination
keywords: IDegAsp; diabetes mellitus; hypoglycemia; insulin analogs; insulin degludec/insulin aspart