title: The impact of interleukin 12B (1188A>C), interleukin 16 (-295T>C), and interleukin 18 (607C>A, 137G>C) gene polymorphisms on long-term renal transplant function and recipient outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory mediators play an important role in kidney graft outcome. The cytokine and chemokine gene polymorphisms are associated with variable production, activity, expression, or ligand-receptor affinity. Genetic variation in the DNA sequence of the interleukin 12B (IL12B), interleukin 16 (IL16), and interleukin 18 (IL18) genes may lead to altered cytokine production and activity. These variations can lead to changes in individual patient outcomes after kidney transplantation. It is known that polymorphisms of interleukins have an influence on inflammatory diseases, eg, Crohn's disease, diabetes, and asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between IL12B, IL16, and IL18 gene polymorphisms with delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection episodes (AR), and chronic rejection episodes (CR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 267 (38.6% women, 61.4% men) recipients were included in the study. Cadaveric kidney transplantations were performed at the Department of General Surgery and Transplantation. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene polymorphisms of IL12B (rs3212227), IL16 (4778889), and IL18 (rs1946518, rs187238) in 2 mL of serum. Statistical significance (P < .05) was analyzed by logit regression, ANOVA and odds ratio (OR) of χ(2) with Yates correction (95% confidence interval).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analysis revealed no significance between AR/DGF/CR and IL-2B, IL16, IL18rs1946518, and IL18-rs187238 (P > .05). The CR group, AA vs CC genotype of IL18 (rs1946518), had an OR = 2.35 (P = .04). AR and DGF groups had no significance in OR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistical significance between IL12B, IL16, and IL18 (rs187238) gene polymorphisms and kidney graft outcome after transplantation. Presence of AA genotype (IL18-rs1946518) is connected with a 2.35 times higher risk of CR occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawlus
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sierocka
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tejchman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ziętek
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and drugs Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sieńko
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Żukowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ciechanowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: sulikowskit@wp.pl.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sulikowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051799:Delayed Graft Function / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000235:genetics*; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000235:genetics*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C500879:IL12B protein, human; C000589760:IL18 protein, human; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D019410:Interleukin-16; D020382:Interleukin-18