title: Effects of phenylalanine on reproductive performance and teratogenesis in mice.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of phenylalanine on reproductive performance and teratogenesis in mice, as well as we assessed its protective effect in mice treated with an acute dose of cyclophosphamide. Animals were divided into 6 experimental groups (females N = 15/group, males N = 5/group): G1, the negative control group, phosphate-buffered saline; G2, the positive control group, 35 mg cyclophosphamide/kg body weight (b.w.); G3 and G4 received phenylalanine at doses of 150 and 300 mg/ kg b.w., respectively; G5 and G6 received phenylalanine at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w. co-administered with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 35 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Pregnant mice received phenylalanine from 8-12 days of pregnancy and cyclophosphamide on the 10th day of treatment or the respective vehicles. In animals treated with cyclophosphamide, offspring fetal weight significantly decreased. The G5 and G6 groups, which received cyclophosphamide co-administered with phenylalanine, showed a smaller reduction in weight. Based on this analysis, the offspring from groups G2, G5, and G6 showed low weight due to pregnancy age. Moreover, at the doses used, phenylalanine did not interfere with embryo-fetal development. However, further studies are necessary to increase the understanding of the effects of phenylalanine on mouse reproductive performance and teratogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil rodrigo.oliveira@ufms.br.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pesarini
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Mauro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudo em Nutrição e Genética Toxicológica, Centro Universitário Filadélfia, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fronza
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Victorelli
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Cantero
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sena
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: A C M B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Antoniolli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D064793:Teratogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013723:Teratogens; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D010649:Phenylalanine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide