title: Clinical course and progression-free survival of adult intracranial and spinal ependymoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ependymomas are rare CNS tumors. Previous studies describing the clinical course of ependymoma patients were restricted to small sample sizes, often with patients at a specific institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically annotated ependymoma tissue samples from 19 institutions were centrally reviewed. Patients were all adults aged 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis. Potential prognostic clinical factors identified on univariate analysis were included in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with backwards selection to model progression-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 282 adult ependymoma patients were equally male and female with a mean age of 43 years (range, 18-80y) at diagnosis. The majority were grade II (78%) with the tumor grade for 20 cases being reclassified on central review (half to higher grade). Tumor locations were spine (46%), infratentorial (35%), and supratentorial (19%). Tumor recurrence occurred in 26% (n = 74) of patients with a median time to progression of 14 years. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified supratentorial location (P < .01), grade III (anaplastic; P < .01), and subtotal resection, followed or not by radiation (P < .01), as significantly increasing risk of early progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report findings from an ongoing, multicenter collaboration from a collection of clinically annotated adult ependymoma tumor samples demonstrating distinct predictors of progression-free survival. This unique resource provides the opportunity to better define the clinical course of ependymoma for clinical and translational studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vera-Bolanos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aldape
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Khalida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Necesito-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dhall
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metellus
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Partap
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prados
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: H Ian
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soffietti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.V.-B., M.R.G.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.A., K.W.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (Y.Y., J.W.); Office of Multicenter Clinical Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.J.N.-R.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.C.); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (G.D.); Departments of Neurology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (F.S.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (P.M.); Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Department of Neurology, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.O.); Department of Neurology, Stanford University & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California (S.P.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California (M.P.); Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.I.R.); Department of Neuroscience, University San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy (R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Family Health, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas (T.S.A.); CERN Foundation, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Terri S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adult; ependymoma; progression-free survival