title: Regional hyperthermic perfusion with melphalan after surgery for recurrent malignant melanoma of the extremities--long-term follow-up of a randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a treatment option most commonly used in the treatment of melanoma in-transit metastases of the extremities. The principle idea is to surgically isolate a region of the body and then deliver a high concentration of a chemotherapeutic agent together with hyperthermia. There have been three randomised trials exploring whether adjuvant ILP to patients with recurrent or high-risk primary melanomas increases survival; one of these trials has now been updated with a 25-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original study randomised 69 patients (between 1981 and 1989) with their first satellite or in-transit recurrence to either wide excision (WE group, n = 36 patients) or to WE and adjuvant ILP (WE + ILP group, n = 33 patients). Follow-up data 25 years later concerning survival and cause of death was retrieved from the Swedish National Cause of Death Register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the WE + ILP group there were 20 deaths (61%) due to melanoma compared with 26 deaths (72%) in the WE group (p = 0.31). Median melanoma-specific survival was 95 months for WE + ILP compared to 38 months for the WE group, an almost 5 year benefit without statistical significance (p = 0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence that adjuvant ILP prolongs survival in patients with high-risk or recurrent melanoma; however, the existing randomised trials are largely underpowered to detect such a difference. New studies are exploring systemic immunological effects of ILP, and a combination of regional therapy and immunotherapy may serve as a rationale for new trials using ILP in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg and.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olofsson Bagge
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.forename: Lo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hafström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008558:Melphalan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D008558:Melphalan
keywords: Adjuvant treatment; Isolated limb perfusion; Melanoma; Randomized trial