title: Ocular and histologic findings in a series of children with infantile pompe disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the ophthalmologic and histologic findings in a series of children with infantile Pompe disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of children with infantile Pompe disease treated with ERT who had at least one complete ophthalmic examination and the ocular histopathology of children with infantile Pompe disease who were treated with ERT were reviewed. The patients' clinical history, including external ocular examination, ocular alignment and motility, dilated fundus examination, and cycloplegic refraction, was evaluated. A literature review was performed for ophthalmologic findings in infantile Pompe disease using PubMed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical findings of 13 children were included and the ocular histopathology of 3 children with infantile Pompe disease who were treated with ERT were reviewed. Forty-six percent (6 of 13) had bilateral ptosis, 23% (3 of 13) had strabismus, 62% (8 of 13) had myopia, and 69% (9 of 13) had astigmatism. On histologic examination, there was vacuolar myopathy affecting the extraocular muscles, ciliary body, and iris smooth muscle and glycogen accumulation in corneal endothelial, lens epithelium, and retinal ganglion cells, and within lysosomes of scleral fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important that ophthalmic providers are aware of the high prevalence of myopia, astigmatism, and ptosis in children with infantile Pompe disease treated with ERT because they are potentially amblyogenic but treatable factors.
authors.forename: S Grace
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Prakalapakorn
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Proia
authors.forename: Tammy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yanovitch
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DeArmey
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
authors.forename: Kyrieckos A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Aleck
authors.forename: Priya S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kishnani
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000473:pathology; D056947:Enzyme Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006009:Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007498:Iris / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C509951:GAA protein, human; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases