title: Management of ankle sprains during pregnancy: evaluation of 96 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to suggest a safe management method for the diagnosis and treatment of ankle sprains in pregnant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 2005 and January 2013, 96 pregnant patients with ankle sprains referred to the department of orthopedics and traumatology were evaluated, retrospectively. The Ottawa ankle rules were used to assess the need for radiologic evaluation. Radiological procedures: Surface USG, X-ray (0,6 mGy, mortise view), MRI (T1 and STIR) and fluoroscopy with 0,8 mGy/s doses 0,4 ms single shot views in surgery room. The results of the operated patients were evaluated with AOFAS scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four (45,8%) patients were treated with conservative methods and there was no need for radiological evaluation. USG was used in 17 (17,7%), MRI in 24 (25%), X-ray in 4 (4,1%) and both USG and MRI in 7 (7,2%) patients during diagnosis. An algorithm was created for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant patients with ankle sprains. No complications due to radiological and surgical procedures occurred over pregnancies. The AOFAS score was 83 (65-100) in the operated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no standard management method for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant patients with ankle sprains. The algorithm presented in this study may be useful. Good results can be obtained with an appropriate preparation and surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ortdrcetin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Çetin
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Işık
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Clinic, Iğdır State Hospital, Iğdır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahta
authors.affiliation: Department of Familiy Medicine, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Işık
authors.affiliation: Department of Familiy Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Üstü
authors.affiliation: Department of Familiy Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uğurlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies