title: History of vaccination.
abstract: Vaccines have a history that started late in the 18th century. From the late 19th century, vaccines could be developed in the laboratory. However, in the 20th century, it became possible to develop vaccines based on immunologic markers. In the 21st century, molecular biology permits vaccine development that was not possible before.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 stanley.plotkin@vaxconsult.com.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plotkin
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000266:history; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000266:history; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D014611:Vaccination / Q000266:history*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000266:history; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000266:history; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000266:history; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: genetic engineering; killed vaccines; live vaccine; proteins