title: Common mechanisms in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: a BrainNet Europe gene expression microarray study.
abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by pathogenetic cellular and molecular changes in specific areas of the brain that lead to the dysfunction and/or loss of explicit neuronal populations. Despite exhibiting different clinical profiles and selective neuronal loss, common features such as abnormal protein deposition, dysfunctional cellular transport, mitochondrial deficits, glutamate excitotoxicity, iron accumulation and inflammation are observed in many neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting converging pathways of neurodegeneration. We have generated comparative genome-wide gene expression data, using the Illumina HumanRef 8 Beadchip, for Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia using an extensive cohort (n = 113) of well-characterized post-mortem brain tissues. The analysis of whole-genome expression patterns across these major disorders offers an outstanding opportunity not only to look into exclusive disease-specific changes, but more importantly to look for potential common molecular pathogenic mechanisms. Surprisingly, no dysregulated gene that passed our selection criteria was found in common across all six diseases. However, 61 dysregulated genes were shared when comparing five and four diseases. The few genes highlighted by our direct gene comparison analysis hint toward common neuronal homeostatic, survival and synaptic plasticity pathways. In addition, we report changes to several inflammation-related genes in all diseases. This work is supportive of a general role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and/or response to neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: Pascal F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Durrenberger
authors.forename: Francesca S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: Samira N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kashefi
authors.forename: Tim P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Bonnert
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seilhean
authors.forename: Brahim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nait-Oumesmar
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gebicke-Haerter
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falkai
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grünblatt
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palkovits
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arzberger
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kretzschmar
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014015:Tissue Banks
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger