title: Regression analysis of correlated ordinal data using orthogonalized residuals.
abstract: Semi-parametric regression models for the joint estimation of marginal mean and within-cluster pairwise association parameters are used in a variety of settings for population-averaged modeling of multivariate categorical outcomes. Recently, a formulation of alternating logistic regressions based on orthogonalized, marginal residuals has been introduced for correlated binary data. Unlike the original procedure based on conditional residuals, its covariance estimator is invariant to the ordering of observations within clusters. In this article, the orthogonalized residuals method is extended to model correlated ordinal data with a global odds ratio, and shown in a simulation study to be more efficient and less biased with regards to estimating within-cluster association parameters than an existing extension to ordinal data of alternating logistic regressions based on conditional residuals. Orthogonalized residuals are used to estimate a model for three correlated ordinal outcomes measured repeatedly in a longitudinal clinical trial of an intervention to improve recovery of patients' perception of altered sensation following jaw surgery.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Preisser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qaqish
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Clustered data; Generalized estimating equations; Marginal models; Proportional odds; Sensory retraining