title: Histogram flow mapping with optical coherence tomography for in vivo skin angiography of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
abstract: Speckle statistics of flowing scatterers have been well documented in the literature. Speckle variance optical coherence tomography exploits the large variance values of intensity changes in time caused mainly by the random backscattering of light resulting from translational activity of red blood cells to map out the microvascular networks. A method to map out the microvasculature malformation of skin based on the time-domain histograms of individual pixels is presented with results obtained from both normal skin and skin containing vascular malformation. Results demonstrated that this method can potentially map out deeper blood vessels and enhance the visualization of microvasculature in low signal regions, while being resistant against motion (e.g., patient tremor or internal reflex movements). The overall results are manifested as more uniform en face projection maps of microvessels. Potential applications include clinical imaging of skin vascular abnormalities and wide-field skin angiography for the study of complex vascular networks.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5S 3G4, CanadabRyerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Kyle H Y
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Ryerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, CanadacRyerson University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariampillai
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5S 3G4, CanadabRyerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Kenneth K C
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Ryerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, CanadacRyerson University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.affiliation: Ryerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, CanadacRyerson University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Timothy W H
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.affiliation: Ryerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramjist
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Dermatopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toronto M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jakubovic
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, John and Liz Tory Eye Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kertes
authors.affiliation: SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, CanadahUniversity of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Letarte
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto HHT Program, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Toronto M5B 1W8, CanadajSt. Michaels Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Faughnan
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5S 3G4, CanadabRyerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, CanadacRyerson University, Department of Electrical and.
authors.affiliation: Ryerson University, Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Toronto M5B 2K3, CanadacRyerson University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto M5B 2K3, CanadakSunnybrook Health Science Centre, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto M4N.
authors.forename: Victor X D
authors.initials: VX
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*