title: Toll-like receptor 3 activation is required for normal skin barrier repair following UV damage.
abstract: UV damage to the skin leads to the release of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) from necrotic keratinocytes that activates Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). This release of ncRNA triggers inflammation in the skin following UV damage. Recently, TLR3 activation was also shown to aid wound repair and increase the expression of genes associated with permeability barrier repair. Here, we sought to test whether skin barrier repair after UVB damage is dependent on the activation of TLR3. We observed that multiple ncRNAs induced expression of skin barrier repair genes, that the TLR3 ligand Poly (I:C) also induced expression and function of tight junctions, and that the ncRNA U1 acts in a TLR3-dependent manner to induce expression of skin barrier repair genes. These observations were shown to have functional relevance as Tlr3-/- mice displayed a delay in skin barrier repair following UVB damage. Combined, these data further validate the conclusion that recognition of endogenous RNA by TLR3 is an important step in the program of skin barrier repair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Borkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: I-Hsin
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nai-Jung
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA. Electronic address: rgallo@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010539:Permeability; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C519703:TLR3 protein, mouse; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D011070:Poly I-C