title: Effect of hip abduction exercise with manual pelvic fixation on recruitment of deep trunk muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether side-lying hip abduction exercise while applying manual pelvic fixation is more effective than hip abduction without manual pelvic fixation for promoting deep trunk muscle activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study comparing deep trunk muscle activation between hip abduction exercise without and with manual pelvic fixation in ten participants. Muscle activation was measured using fine-wire and surface electromyography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hip abduction with manual pelvic fixation was found to result in significantly more recruitment of all studied deep trunk muscles except the ipsilateral obliquus externus compared with hip abduction without manual pelvic fixation (P < 0.05). The greatest increased activation was seen in the ipsilateral deep and superficial multifidus. The increase in deep multifidus percentage of maximal voluntary contraction was greater than that of the rectus abdominis, the obliquus externus, the transversuus abdominis/obliquus internus, the lumbar erector spinae, the superficial multifidus, and the gluteus medius (P < 0.05). The superficial multifidus percentage of maximal voluntary contraction was significantly increased over that of the rectus abdominis and the obliquus externus (P < 0.05). Moderate correlation between deep and superficial multifidus activation was found (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.537).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hip abduction training in the side-lying position while applying manual pelvic fixation seems to be more effective for recruiting deep trunk muscles for dynamic lumbar spinal stabilization.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (EHK, SHJ, YWC, KJK, SHA); Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (THL); Department of Physical Therapy, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (SHP); Daegu Research Center for Medical Device and Rehab. Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (CSK); and Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center (HSC, SHA) and Biomedical Engineering Institute (SHA), Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hyuk
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Hong
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: So Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cheol Seung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Yun Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kook Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwa Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*