title: Strategies to promote uptake and use of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment knowledge: an integrative review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM) are major social and public health problems. Knowledge translation (KT) of best available research evidence has been suggested as a strategy to improve the care of those exposed to violence, however research on how best to promote the uptake and use of IPV and CM evidence for policy and practice is limited. Our research asked: 1) What is the extent of IPV/CM-specific KT research? 2) What KT strategies effectively translate IPV/CM knowledge? and 3) What are the barriers and facilitators relevant to translating IPV/CM-specific knowledge?
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an integrative review to summarize and synthesize the available evidence regarding IPV/CM-specific KT research. We employed multiple search methods, including database searches of Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, and Medline (through April, 2013). Eligibility and quality assessments for each article were conducted by at least two team members. Included articles were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using descriptive content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1230 identified articles, 62 were included in the review, including 5 review articles. KT strategies were generally successful at improving various knowledge/attitude and behavioural/behavioural intention outcomes, but the heterogeneity among KT strategies, recipients, study designs and measured outcomes made it difficult to draw specific conclusions. Four key themes were identified: existing measurement tools and promising/effective KT strategies are underused, KT efforts are rarely linked to health-related outcomes for those exposed to violence, there is a lack of evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of KT interventions, and authors' inferences about barriers, facilitators, and effective/ineffective KT strategies are often not supported by data. The emotional and sometimes contested nature of the knowledge appears to be an important barrier unique to IPV/CM KT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To direct future KT in this area, we present a guiding framework that highlights the need for implementers to use/adapt promising KT strategies that carefully consider contextual factors, including the fact that content in IPV/CM may be more difficult to engage with than other health topics. The framework also provides guidance regarding use of measurement tools and designs to more effectively evaluate and report on KT efforts.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Information & Media Studies, The University of Western Ontario, North Campus Building, Room 240, 1151 Richmond St,, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. jmacgre9@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Jennifer C D
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wathen
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: Prabhpreet K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hundal
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naimi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012919:Social Behavior; D013179:Spouse Abuse; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D014754:Violence