title: [Vascular injury as a complication of knee arthroscopic surgery. Report of two cases and review of the literature].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arthroscopy of the knee is a surgical performed world-wide considered extremely safe, rates of complication ranging from 0.56 to 8.2%. Vascular complications are even more rare (0.0032%), and generally related to the popliteal artery injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We are reporting the cases of two patients who had unsuspected vascular complications after arthroscopy. Both cases presented vascular injuries after elective knee arthroscopy. First case was a patient with thrombosed pseudoaneurysm in the popliteal artery and total section of the popliteal vein, unfortunately the diagnosis was done 72 hrs after knee arthroscopy and finally required amputation, the 2nd case presented popliteal arteriovenous fistula, the diagnosis was done 3 weeks after knee arthroscopy, the patient was successfully treated by resection of the fistula and direct repair of the artery and vein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although extremely infrequent, the vascular injury after knee arthroscopy should be remembered as a surgical complication, a low index of suspicion may have caused an unfortunate and untimely delay in diagnosis and treatment with potential risk of leg amputation and death.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Mexico DF, Mexico. elisa_angio@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: María Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Enríquez-Vega
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Ernesto
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cruz-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Pittaluga
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Solorio-Rosette
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linarte-Márquez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Español, Instituto de Beneficencia Española. México DF. Mexico.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iturburu-Enríquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000209:etiology*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Knee arthroscopy; amputación; arteriovenous fistula; artroscopia de rodilla; fístula arteriovenosa; lesión vascular; pseudoaneurysm; vascular injury