title: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to mycophenolate and cyclosporine combination therapy in a renal transplant recipient.
abstract: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an orphan disease characterized by the accumulation of excess of surfactant within alveoli and bronchioles. The primary form of PAP (P-PAP; also referred to as idiopathic or autoimmune) is the most common form. It is mediated through a circulating neutralizing antibody against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Secondary PAP (S-PAP) can be induced by a host of inciting agents and is far more liable to progress to terminal respiratory failure. We describe a rare case of S-PAP occurring in a renal transplant recipient due to mycophenolate and cyclosporine combination-therapy, which resolved spontaneously following withdrawal of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India ; Department of Pulmonology, Care Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Ashfaq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Care Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Tln
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Swamy
keywords: Alveolar proteinosis; cyclosporin; immunosuppression; mycophenolate; renal transplant