title: Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract protects keratinocytes and fibroblasts against oxidative stress.
abstract: Oxidative stress damages dermal and epidermal cells and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, ultimately leading to skin aging. The present study evaluated the potential protective effect of the aqueous methanolic extract obtained from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) against oxidative stress, induced by H2O2 and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF-n) cells. Exposure of cells to H2O2 or UVB irradiation markedly increased oxidative stress and reduced cell viability. However, pretreatment of cells with the LE extract not only increased cell viability (up to 84.5%), but also significantly decreased oxidative stress. Further, the LE extract downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, an endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix collagen. In contrast, treatment with the LE extract did not affect the expression of procollagen type 1 in HDF-n cells exposed to UVA irradiation. Thirteen phenolic compounds, including derivatives of shikonin and caffeic acid, were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. These results suggest that LE-derived extracts may protect oxidative-stress-induced skin aging by inhibiting degradation of skin collagen, and that this protection may derive at least in part from the antioxidant phenolics present in these extracts. Further studies are warranted to determine the potential utility of LE-derived extracts in both therapeutic and cosmetic applications.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Geun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Bong Han
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wooki
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gun Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ock K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Sung I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Dae-Ok
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D029684:Lithospermum / Q000737:chemistry*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C016101:shikonin; D003094:Collagen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C040048:caffeic acid
keywords: caffeic acid derivative; matrix metalloproteinase-1; shikonin derivative; skin; ultraviolet irradiation; vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity