title: Evaluation of basal ganglia and thalamic inflammation in children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection and tourette syndrome: a positron emission tomographic (PET) study using 11C-[R]-PK11195.
abstract: We applied PET scanning with (11)C-[R]-PK11195 (PK) to evaluate neuroinflammatory changes in basal ganglia and thalamus in children with clinically diagnosed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Tourette syndrome. Seventeen children with PANDAS (mean age: 11.4 ± 2.6 years; 13 males), 12 with Tourette syndrome (mean age: 11.0 ± 3.0 years; 10 males), and 15 normal adults (mean age: 28.7 ± 7.9 years; 8 males) underwent dynamic PK PET imaging and binding potential, a measure of ligand-TSPO receptor (expressed by activated microglia) binding, was calculated for basal ganglia and thalamus. Binding potential values, suggesting underlying activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, were found to be increased in bilateral caudate and bilateral lentiform nucleus in the PANDAS group and in bilateral caudate nuclei only in the Tourette syndrome group, compared to control group. These differences in the pattern and extent of neuroinflammation also signify a possible difference in pathophysiological etiology between PANDAS and Tourette syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Positron Emission Tomography Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA ajay@pet.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchel T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Positron Emission Tomography Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007546:Isoquinolines; C037850:PK 11195
keywords: PANDAS; PET; Tourette syndrome; basal ganglia; brain inflammation