title: Frozen section in borderline ovarian tumors: is it reliable?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reported the concordance of frozen/section (FS) diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and identified the factors associated with the concordance.
  
  
  METHODS
  FS results of the patients with a final diagnosis of BOT operated between 1990 and 2012 were analyzed. The FS results were reported as benign, rule out borderline tumor, borderline tumor, at least borderline tumor and malign tumor intraoperatively. The concordance of FS diagnosis was determined by comparing the FS result with the final pathological diagnosis. We accepted the FS concordant with the final pathology when the FS result was borderline tumor or at least borderline tumor, since we managed these patients in a similar way intraoperatively. Data regarding histological subtype, tumor size, age of the patients, menopausal status, presence of bilateral disease, preoperative Ca-125 level and the final diagnosis were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FS results of 145 patients were analyzed. The concordance of FS analysis for the total group, for the ones with serous and mucinous BOT were 79%, 92% and 62%, respectively. Totally, 29 patients (20%) weren't staged intraoperatively due to inaccurate FS result. Mucinous histology and larger tumor size were associated with lower concordance of FS. Concordance wasn't associated with type of surgery (conservative vs radical), menopausal status, laterality of the tumor, age of the patients and Ca-125 level of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high discrepancy rate of FS, especially in mucinous and larger tumors should be kept in mind during intraoperative decision-making based on FS analysis for BOT.
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: isin.ureyen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Isin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ureyen
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya Akdag
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cirik
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tasci
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boran
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bulbul
authors.affiliation: Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Department, Etlik Street, 06010 Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tulunay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018297:Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen
keywords: Borderline ovarian tumor; Concordance; Frozen/section