title: New method for sperm evaluation by 3-dimensional laser scanning microscopy in different laboratory animal species.
abstract: Sperm analysis is one of the end points in reproductive toxicology studies. Different methods for quantitative sperm analysis have been described. For qualitative morphological sperm analysis, either such techniques or smears of sperm and histological sperm staging are in use. Any of these methods provides morphological results on a light microscopy level. Laser scanning microscopy is a technique using a focused laser for scanning an object. The Olympus 3D Laser Scanning Microscope LEXT OLS4000 with optional possibilities of differential interference contrast provides a microscopic method for visualizing microasperities, which are far beyond the resolving power of a typical light or laser microscope. This technique was applied to sperm of mice, rats, rabbits, and cynomolgus monkeys at magnifications up to ×17 090. The obtained images are comparable to those of a scanning electron microscope under relatively low-power magnifications. Measurements on sperm parameters were taken by an integrated image analysis software tool. Abnormalities were easily detectable.
authors.affiliation: AnaPath GmbH, Buchsweg, Oberbuchsiten, Switzerland kweber@anapath.ch.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse, Liestal, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waletzky
authors.affiliation: BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstraße, Planegg, Germany.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fendl
authors.affiliation: Vivotecnia Research S.L., C/ Santiago Grisolia, Recinto PTM, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
authors.affiliation: BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstraße, Planegg, Germany.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Takawale
authors.affiliation: BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstraße, Planegg, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.affiliation: BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstraße, Planegg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: Vivotecnia Research S.L., C/ Santiago Grisolia, Recinto PTM, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstraße, Planegg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.affiliation: BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories GmbH, Behringstraße, Planegg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.affiliation: Vivotecnia Research S.L., C/ Santiago Grisolia, Recinto PTM, Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Olympus Schweiz AG, Chriesbaumstrasse, Volketswil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quirici
authors.affiliation: Olympus Schweiz AG, Chriesbaumstrasse, Volketswil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse, Liestal, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paepke
authors.affiliation: AnaPath GmbH, Buchsweg, Oberbuchsiten, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: EPL Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hardisty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013082:Sperm Tail / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: cynomolgus monkey; laser scanning microscopy; mouse; rabbit; rat; sperm dimensions; sperm evaluation; sperm morphology