title: Timing of complementary food introduction and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH nutrition ancillary study (SNAS).
abstract: The association between timing of complementary food introduction and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was investigated among 1077 children in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Age at diagnosis was 5 months earlier for children introduced to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in the first 12 months of life compared with those who were not (9.0±0.2 vs 9.5±0.1; P=0.02) independent of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk status. Analyses stratified by HLA risk status found that children with a high-risk HLA genotype had an earlier age at diagnosis if they were introduced to fruit juice in the first year of life (mean age at diagnosis=9.3±0.1, 9.1±0.1 and 9.6±0.2 for introduction at ⩽6 months, between 7 and 11 months and ⩾12 months, respectively; P=0.04). Introduction of SSB in the first year of life may accelerate the onset of type 1 diabetes independent of HLA risk status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Crume
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crandell
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fangman
authors.affiliation: Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kaukini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Division of Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Research Institute and University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005838:Genotype; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D006680:HLA Antigens