title: Evidence that meningeal mast cells can worsen stroke pathology in mice.
abstract: Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and the fourth most common cause of death in the United States. Inflammation is thought to play an important role in stroke pathology, but the factors that promote inflammation in this setting remain to be fully defined. An understudied but important factor is the role of meningeal-located immune cells in modulating brain pathology. Although different immune cells traffic through meningeal vessels en route to the brain, mature mast cells do not circulate but are resident in the meninges. With the use of genetic and cell transfer approaches in mice, we identified evidence that meningeal mast cells can importantly contribute to the key features of stroke pathology, including infiltration of granulocytes and activated macrophages, brain swelling, and infarct size. We also obtained evidence that two mast cell-derived products, interleukin-6 and, to a lesser extent, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7, can contribute to stroke pathology. These findings indicate a novel role for mast cells in the meninges, the membranes that envelop the brain, as potential gatekeepers for modulating brain inflammation and pathology after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arac
authors.affiliation: Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Division of Human Immunology, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: michele.grimbaldeston@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grimbaldeston
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Andrew R B
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nepomuceno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Oluwatobi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olayiwola
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Immunology, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsykin
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Immunology, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schlecht
authors.affiliation: Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Mindy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Electronic address: sgalli@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Electronic address: tbliss1@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Tonya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Stroke Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Electronic address: gsteinberg@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D055879:Gene Knock-In Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008578:Meninges / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology