title: Individualized quality of life in patients with low back pain: reliability and validity of the Patient Generated Index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability and validity of the improved version of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) in patients with low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PGI was administered to 90 patients attending care in 1 of 6 institutions in Norway and evaluated for reliability and validity. The questionnaire was given out to 61 patients for re-test purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PGI was completed correctly by 80 (88.9%) patients and, of the 61 patients responding to the re-test, 50 (82.0%) completed both surveys correctly. PGI scores were approximately normally distributed, with a median of 40 (range 80), where 100 is the best possible quality of life. There were no floor or ceiling effects. The 5 most frequently listed areas affecting quality of life were pain, sleep, stiffness, socializing and housework. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.73. The smallest detectable changes for individual and group purposes were 32.8 and 4.6, respectively. The correlations between PGI scores and other instrument scores followed a priori hypotheses of low to moderate correlations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PGI has evidence for reliability and validity in Norwegian patients with low back pain at the group level and may be considered for application in intervention studies when a comprehensive evaluation of quality of life is important. However, the smallest detectable change, of approximately 30 points, may be considered too large for individual purposes in clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: , Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders (FORMI), , Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. ida.lochting@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Løchting
authors.forename: Margreth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grotle
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Storheim
authors.forename: Erik L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Garratt
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires