title: Inhibitory effect of naringin on microcystin-LR uptake in the freshwater snail Sinotaia histrica.
abstract: Gastropods are an important food source for aquatic animals, and have been demonstrated to transfer microcystin (MC) to higher trophic levels through the food web. In this study, we performed an oral administration experiment to evaluate whether naringin can inhibit MC-LR uptake in the freshwater snail Sinotaia histrica. We also observed the effect of MC-LR on the organizational pathology of the hepatopancreas in S. histrica. Following exposure to cells of Microcystis ichthyoblabe, S. histrica showed vacuolization and separation of the basal lamina from cells in the hepatopancreas. Initial treatment with 1mM naringin resulted in the prevention of MC-LR uptake rate by approximately 60% over 8days, whereas initial treatment with 10mM naringin suppressed microcystin uptake in 2days, despite an increase in MC-LR levels in the snail from days 5 to 8. With continuous treatment of 10mM naringin, the uptake prevention rate was 100%. Overall, we observed a strong inhibitory effect against MC-LR with naringin treatment. This study provides a potential mechanism to prevent the uptake of microcystin in the aquatic food web, thereby limiting its toxicity in cyanobacterial bloom-polluted areas where the environment can be controlled and may have further applications in the aquaculture of gastropods.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futatsugi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0096, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan. Electronic address: pparkhd@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ho-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005618:Fresh Water; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000187:drug effects*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D046931:Microcystis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D044950:Flavanones; D052998:Microcystins; C078588:microcystin; C005274:naringin
keywords: Inhibitory effect; Microcystin; Naringin; Organization pathology; Sinotaia histrica