title: Normalization of elevated cardiac, kidney, and hemolysis plasma markers within 48 h in Mexican Tarahumara runners following a 78 km race at moderate altitude.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine to what extent extreme endurance exercise results in changes of plasma markers associated with cardiac and renal damage, as well as hemolysis in male, Mexican Tarahumara runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Tarahumara runners (mean (sd) age of 38 (12) years) participated in a 78 km race in Chihuahua, Mexico at 2,400 m above sea level. Cardiac, kidney, and hematology plasma markers were measured pre-race and <5 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-race. Anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, electrocardiography, HbA1c, hemoglobin and VO2max (estimated from heart rate following step test) were assessed pre-race, while physical activity energy expenditure and intensity were estimated during the race, and oxygen partial pressure saturation (SpO2 ) <30 min post-race.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated mean VO2max was 48 (9) mLO2 min(-1) kg(-1) and relative intensity during the race was 68 (11)%VO2 max. Mean SpO2 was 92 (3)% <30 min post-race. Plasma concentrations of especially total creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoform, and haptoglobin changed significantly from pre-race values (P < 0.001) up to 24 h post-race, but had returned to pre-race values after 48 h. The plasma concentrations of mid-regional proatrial natiuretic peptide and copeptin returned to pre-race concentrations after 1 and 6 h, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered cardiac, renal, and hemolysis plasma markers were normalized after 48 h following 78 km of running, suggesting that the impact of exercise-induced cardiac and kidney damage as well as hemolysis in the Mexican Tarahumara is low.
authors.affiliation: Unit of International Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dirk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Espino
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Infante-Ramírez
authors.forename: Soren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Terzic
authors.forename: Jens P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000097:blood; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006020:Glycopeptides; D006242:Haptoglobins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007501:Iron; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C048197:copeptins; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human