title: High-resolution mapping of transcriptional dynamics across tissue development reveals a stable mRNA-tRNA interface.
abstract: The genetic code is an abstraction of how mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons molecularly interact during protein synthesis; the stability and regulation of this interaction remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the expression of mRNA and tRNA genes quantitatively at multiple time points in two developing mouse tissues. We discovered that mRNA codon pools are highly stable over development and simply reflect the genomic background; in contrast, precise regulation of tRNA gene families is required to create the corresponding tRNA transcriptomes. The dynamic regulation of tRNA genes during development is controlled in order to generate an anticodon pool that closely corresponds to messenger RNAs. Thus, across development, the pools of mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons are invariant and highly correlated, revealing a stable molecular interaction interlocking transcription and translation.
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Bianca M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Konrad L M
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.affiliation: B.S.R.C. Alexander Flemming, 16672, Vari, Athens, Greece;
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karagianni
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Nuno A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: University of York, Department of Biology, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: B.S.R.C. Alexander Flemming, 16672, Vari, Athens, Greece;
authors.forename: Iannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Talianidis
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; duncan.odom@cruk.cam.ac.uk marioni@ebi.ac.uk claudia.kutter@cruk.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Duncan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom; duncan.odom@cruk.cam.ac.uk marioni@ebi.ac.uk claudia.kutter@cruk.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marioni
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; duncan.odom@cruk.cam.ac.uk marioni@ebi.ac.uk claudia.kutter@cruk.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kutter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000926:Anticodon / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000926:Anticodon; D003062:Codon; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012343:RNA, Transfer