title: Physicochemical characteristics of bone substitutes used in oral surgery in comparison to autogenous bone.
abstract: Bone substitutes used in oral surgery include allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials that are frequently used to compensate bone loss or to reinforce repaired bone, but little is currently known about their physicochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate a number of physical and chemical properties in a variety of granulated mineral-based biomaterials used in dentistry and to compare them with those of autogenous bone. Autogenous bone and eight commercial biomaterials of human, bovine, and synthetic origins were studied by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and laser diffraction to determine their chemical composition, calcium release concentration, crystallinity, and granulation size. The highest calcium release concentration was 24. 94 mg/g for Puros and the lowest one was 2.83 mg/g for Ingenios β-TCP compared to 20.15 mg/g for natural bone. The range of particles sizes, in terms of median size D50, varied between 1.32 μm for BioOss and 902.41 μm for OsteoSponge, compared to 282.1 μm for natural bone. All samples displayed a similar hexagonal shape as bone, except Ingenios β-TCP, Macrobone, and OsteoSponge, which showed rhomboid and triclinic shapes, respectively. Commercial bone substitutes significantly differ in terms of calcium concentration, particle size, and crystallinity, which may affect their in vivo performance.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berberi
authors.affiliation: Ecole Doctorale, PRASE, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samarani
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nabih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Noujeim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Maroun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Wasfi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kanj
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mearawi
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Salemeh
authors.affiliation: Ecole Doctorale, PRASE, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 4, Hadath, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002118:Calcium