title: Cognitive judgment bias in the psychostimulant-induced model of mania in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal models of mania lack genuine cognitive parameters. The present gold standard of mania models, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, is rather unspecific and does not necessarily target its cardinal symptoms. Therefore, alternative behavioral markers that are sensitive to stimulants are required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, by combining the psychostimulant-induced model of mania in rodents with the recently developed ambiguous-cue interpretation (ACI) tests, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of D-amphetamine and cocaine on the cognitive judgment bias of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  To accomplish this goal, in two separate experiments, previously trained animals received chronic, daily injections of either D-amphetamine (2 mg/kg) or cocaine (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks and were subsequently tested with the ACI procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic treatment with both psychostimulants did not make rats more "optimistic."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are discussed in terms of behavioral and pharmacological actions of the tested compounds and their implications for modeling mania in animals.
authors.affiliation: Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland, rygula@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rygula
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szczech
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kregiel
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golebiowska
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kubik
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Popik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007600:Judgment / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine