title: Starch granules as a vehicle for the oral administration of immobilized antigens.
abstract: Microparticles of diverse compositions are often used as carriers for interesting antigens. In this work, we propose the use of natural microparticulated starch as a vehicle for antigens. The proposed system is composed of raw starch microparticles and a starch-binding domain that when fused to another protein, allows for a stable protein immobilization onto the granule surface. To demonstrate the use of starch as an antigen carrier, a fusion combining fragment C of the tetanus toxin with the starch-binding domain was adsorbed to starch and administered orally to mice in two different doses and, importantly, without the use of any adjuvant. The results showed that the system allows the induction of specific antibodies; moreover mice given this immobilized protein presented a delay in the onset of tetanus symptoms compared to mice administered the non-immobilized protein. The study outlines the viability of this immobilization system as an antigen and protein carrier.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: dguillen@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: silviamoreno.m@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno-Mendieta
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: ricasup@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: espitia@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Espitia
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: sersan@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P.70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: romina@biomedicas.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sanoja
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; C043323:immobilization antigens; C549316:tetanus toxin (947-966); D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013213:Starch
keywords: Microparticle; Microparticle vaccine; Oral immunization; Oral vehicle; Protein delivery system; Starch-binding domain