title: Debris remaining in the apical third of root canals after chemomechanical preparation by using sodium hypochlorite and glyde: an in vivo study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During chemomechanical instrumentation, several liquid or paste substances are used to ease the action of the files and to eliminate debris and the smear layer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a paste containing EDTA during cleaning and shaping of the root canal helps to eliminate debris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty root canals in dog teeth were instrumented by a crown-down technique by using nickel-titanium rotary files. In 10 root canals (group A), sodium hypochlorite was used during instrumentation, followed by a final irrigation with 17% liquid EDTA. In another 10 canals (group B), sodium hypochlorite was again used as the irrigating solution, but Glyde File Prep paste was used with every instrument, and a final irrigation with EDTA was also carried out. Two additional teeth were used as positive and 2 as negative controls. The jaws were prepared for histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A where Glyde was not used during cleaning and shaping, little or no debris was found in the apical third of the instrumented root canals; however; in group B in which Glyde File Prep paste was used during chemomechanical instrumentation, moderate to high accumulation of debris was observed in the apical third.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of Glyde File Prep paste during rotary mechanical instrumentation favors the accumulation of debris in the apical third of the root canals. Irrigation with NaOCl and a final flush with EDTA by means of a small-gauge needle with simultaneous aspiration led to less accumulation of debris than in the Glyde File Prep group (P < .05).
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en ciencias biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México; Private Practice in Endodontics, Guadalajara, México; Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Endodontics, University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Private Practice, Puebla, Mexico. Electronic address: jveraro@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.affiliation: Private Practice in Endodontics, Guadalajara, México; Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gascón
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en ciencias biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Palafox-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Private Practice in Endodontics, Guadalajara, México; Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amezcua
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mercado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004867:Equipment Design; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009824:Ointments; D011897:Random Allocation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012996:Solutions; D013396:Suction / Q000295:instrumentation; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012996:Solutions; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: Chelating agents; EDTA; Glyde; NaOCl; chemomechanical instrumentation