title: Narrative therapy an evaluated intervention to improve stroke survivors' social and emotional adaptation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a theoretical and practical framework of using a train metaphor in narrative therapy for stroke rehabilitation in group practice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of literature on the application of narrative therapy in meeting the psycho-social-spiritual needs of stroke survivors in rehabilitation. In the current article, the use of narrative therapy being evaluated in a formal randomized study in stroke survivors is described in detail. The metaphor may be of practical interest to those working with populations confronted with unpredictable life challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative practice using the metaphor of 'Train of life' is an alternative practice to psychopathology, which provides a means for the participants to deconstruct from the illness experience, re-author their lives, and reconstruct their identity with hopes and dreams. This therapeutic conversations, primarily using questions, can be divided into six steps: (1) engaging participants to a Concord station; (2) unfolding the experience with Stroke: where each of the participants are coming from; (3) dialoging directly with Stroke; (4) co-constructing the train carriage; (5) planning for a future life journey with Stroke; and (6) celebrating the unlocking of a new journey. Along with the train of life metaphor, therapeutic documents and outsider witness conversations are used to strengthen the preferred identity, as opposed to the problem-saturated identity of the participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This metaphor poses an alternative methodology in stroke rehabilitation by reconnecting the survivors' inner resources, skills, and competencies. Eventually, it could re-author the survivors' identity developed from previous life challenges and reconstruct their purpose in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China esther.chow.ss@cityu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Esther O W
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000066498:Emotional Adjustment; D006801:Humans; D062525:Narrative Therapy; D012917:Social Adjustment; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
keywords: Narrative therapy; meaning making; meaning of life; psycho-social-spiritual intervention; stroke survivors; train of life; use of metaphor