title: Red blood cell folate as a risk factor for breast cancer among patients at a tertiary hospital in Uganda: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Folate has been shown to play a complex but unclear role in carcinogenesis, with some studies showing that low folate intake protects against early carcinogenesis while high folate intake promotes advanced carcinogenesis. Other studies have shown that high folate is associated with decreased breast cancer risk and overall survival, yet others found no such association.This study therefore sought to determine the association between red blood folate levels and breast cancer among women seen at a tertiary Ugandan hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study was conducted where female patients with a histological diagnosis of breast cancer were recruited as cases, and females without cancer attending other surgical clinics as controls. Demographics and social behavior data were collected and 5 mls of blood drawn for laboratory testing of red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B12 and RBC count. Ethical approval was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, a total of 145 women were recruited as 72 cases and 73 controls. The odds of having breast cancer among women with normal folate levels compared to those with low folate levels were 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.9) P = 0.290. Ninety participants (63%) had low RBC folate and 53 participants (37%) had normal RBC folate. Thirty five (45%) of the women from a rural setting had normal folate levels compared to 18(28%) women from an urban setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant association found between RBC folate and breast cancer among this group of women in Uganda.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rukundo
authors.affiliation: Surgery department, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Mulago Hill Road, P, O, Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda. mosesg@img.co.ug.
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galukande
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ongom
authors.forename: Jane Odubu
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Fualal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011786:Quality Control; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005492:Folic Acid