title: Comparison between intravenous patient controlled analgesia and patient controlled epidural analgesia in cirrhotic patients after hepatic resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative pain is one of the most important problems that confront surgical patients. The aim of this work is to compare pain control using intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) and patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in cirrhotic patients undergoing elective hepatic resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four adult patients ASAI and II scheduled for liver resection were randomly allocated into two groups-Group (P) with I.V (PCA) with fentanyl and Group (E) (PCEA) via epidural catheter using Bubivacaine 0.125% plus 2 microgram per ml fentanyl. Coagulation changes were followed and pain score was compared in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  34 child A cirrhotic patients, undergoing liver resection were studied. The demographic data were comparable in both groups. There was a significant decrease in pain score in both groups during the follow up period when compared to their initial score. When comparing average pain score between both groups, the PCEA group had significantly lower values. The changes in prothrombin time (PT), INR, and hemoglobin (Hb), were significant all over the follow up period compared to their corresponding base line values. 2 cases needed FFP to normalize the INR for epidural removal. There was no significant difference regarding postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in both groups, no clinical manifestation suggesting epidural hematoma, and no cases were recorded to have respiratory depression. There were no significant differences in patient satisfaction and ICU stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two modalities of pain control seems to be nearly equivalent, but considering the risk of epidural catheter insertion and removal in cirrhotic patients who are further exposed to hepatectomy with subsequent additional coagulopathy, it may be wise to consider IVPCA technique as a policy for pain management in cirrhotic patient undergoing hepatectomy.
authors.forename: Nirmeen A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fayed
authors.forename: Hatem B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Abo El-Wafa
authors.forename: Nahla M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gab-Alla
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yassen
authors.forename: Mamdouh E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lotfy
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine