title: Biomechanics of incisor retraction with mini-implant anchorage.
abstract: Mini-implants have been successfully incorporated into orthodontic practice all over the world. One of the most popular applications of mini-implant anchorage is to facilitate retraction of the anterior teeth. This article reviews the mechanics involved in anterior tooth retraction with mini-implant supported anchorage. An attempt has been made to synthesize information available in the literature and present it in a manner that is easily understandable from a clinical perspective. We discuss the fundamental differences mini-implant based incisor retraction has when compared to conventional techniques, mechanical factors affecting this process and provide a step-by-step analysis of incisor retraction. In addition, various models of space closure are discussed that have evolved through careful evaluation of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Madhur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Mechanics; incisor retraction; mini-implants