title: Trophectoderm DNA fingerprinting by quantitative real-time PCR successfully distinguishes sibling human embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a novel and more practical system for trophectoderm DNA fingerprinting which reliably distinguishes sibling embryos from each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective and blinded study two-cell and 5-cell samples from commercially available sibling cell lines and excess DNA from trophectoderm biopsies of sibling human blastocysts were evaluated for accurate assignment of relationship using qPCR-based allelic discrimination from 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with low allele frequency variation and high heterozygosity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell samples with self relationships averaged 95.1 ± 5.9 % similarity. Sibling relationships averaged 57.2 ± 5.9 % similarity for all 40 SNPs, and 40.8 ± 8.2 % similarity for the 25 informative SNPs. Assignment of relationships was accomplished with 100 % accuracy for cell lines and embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the first trophectoderm qPCR-based DNA fingerprinting technology capable of unequivocal discrimination of sibling human embryos. This methodology will empower research and development of new markers of, and interventions that influence embryonic reproductive potential.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey, 140 Allen Rd, Basking Ridge, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Kathleen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Deanne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Nathan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Treff
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst; D002460:Cell Line; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods