title: A commentary on the disparate perspectives of clinical microbiologists and surgeons: ad hoc antimicrobial use.
abstract: Prosthetic joints and other orthopedic implants have improved quality of life for patients world-wide and the use of such devices is increasing. However, while infection rates subsequent to associated surgery are relatively low (<3%), the consequences of incidence are considerable, encompassing morbidity (including amputation) and mortality in addition to significant social and economic costs. Emphasis, therefore, has been placed on mitigating microbial risk, with clinical microbiologists and surgeons utilizing rapidly evolving molecular laboratory techniques in detection and diagnosis of infection, which still occurs despite sophisticated patient management. Multidisciplinary approaches are regularly adopted to achieve this. In this commentary, we describe an unusual case of Actinomyces infection in total hip arthroplasty and, in that context, describe the perspectives of the clinical microbiology and surgical teams and how they contrasted. More specifically, this case demonstrates an ad hoc approach to structured eradication of biofilms and intracellular bacteria related to biomaterials, as reflected in early usage of linezolid. This is a complex topic and, as described in this case, such accelerated treatment can be effective. This commentary focuses on the merits of such inadvisable use of potent antimicrobials amid the risk of diminishing valuable antimicrobial efficacy, albeit resulting in desirable patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation, & Immunity (4i); University of Limerick; Limerick, Ireland; University Hospital Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nuala H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation, & Immunity (4i); University of Limerick; Limerick, Ireland; University Hospital Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ciara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Cork Institute of Technology; Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ronstan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation, & Immunity (4i); University of Limerick; Limerick, Ireland; University Hospital Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masterson
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation, & Immunity (4i); University of Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larvin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation, & Immunity (4i); University of Limerick; Limerick, Ireland; University Hospital Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: J Calvin
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation, & Immunity (4i); University of Limerick; Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Colum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunne
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D066231:Surgeons; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid
keywords: ad hoc; antimicrobial; clinical microbiology; perspectives; surgery