title: Stents in paediatric and adult congenital interventional cardiac catheterization.
abstract: A 'stent' is a tubular meshed endoprosthesis that has contributed to the development of interventional catheterization over the past 30 years. In congenital heart diseases, stents have offered new solutions to the treatment of congenital vessel stenosis or postsurgical lesions, to maintain or close shunt patency, and to allow transcatheter valve replacement. First, stents were made of bare metal. Then, stent frameworks evolved to achieve a better compromise between radial strength and flexibility. However, almost all stents used currently in children have not been approved for vascular lesions in children and are therefore used 'off-label'. Furthermore, the inability of stents to follow natural vessel growth still limits their use in low-weight children and infants. Recently, bioresorbable stents have been manufactured and may overcome this issue; they are made from materials that may dissolve or be absorbed in the body. In this review, we aim to describe the history of stent development, the technical characteristics of stents used currently, the clinical applications and results, and the latest technological developments and perspectives in paediatric and adult congenital cardiac catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C CHU Toulouse, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France; Inserm UMR 1048, Équipe 8, I2MC, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, Paul-Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, 31400 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: hascoets@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hascoët
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Paris Sud University, 92350 Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR6291, institut du thorax, Nantes University, 70721 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Alban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baruteau
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C CHU Bordeaux, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Haut l'Évêque Hospital, 33600 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Zakaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C CHU Marseille, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, La Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mauri
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C CHU Toulouse, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: CHU Toulouse, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Hospital, Paul-Sabatier University, 31400 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Meyer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elbaz
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paediatric Cardiology, Paris 5 René Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France; M3C Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Adult Congenital Cardiology, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Boudjemline
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société française de cardiologie, France; M3C CHU Marseille, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, La Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraisse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Bioresorbable stent; Cardiologie congénitale; Cardiologie interventionnelle; Cardiologie pédiatrique; Congenital heart diseases; Interventional cardiology; Paediatric cardiology; Stent; Stent biorésorbable