title: Analysis of Tim-3 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
abstract: T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) is a newly discovered immunomodulatory, which plays an important role in immunity regulation. Recent evidence suggests that Tim-3 is differentially regulated in a variety of tumors and has a potential as a therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Tim-3 on the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Tim-3 expressing on peripheral CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The relationships between Tim-3 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Immunohistochemical expression of Tim-3 was examined in our large numbers of paraffin-fixed prostate tissues. Flow cytometry revealed that expression of Tim-3 was significantly increased on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PCa patients than that in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Also, the level of Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells was positively correlated with CD8+ T cells in patients. Further analyses revealed that the levels of Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells exhibited different expression patterns in terms of localization depending on pathological category of PCa and metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that positive staining of Tim-3 in PCa but little or no staining of Tim-3 was observed in BPH epithelium. Tim-3 may affect the development and progression of PCa, which may provide knowledge for using Tim-3 as a novel therapy for effective PCa management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan Bian University, Yan Ji, 133000, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Rui
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Zhe-Hu
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Kui-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xuan-Shun
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C448908:HAVCR2 protein, human; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D008565:Membrane Proteins