title: The calcium paradox - what should we have to fear?
abstract: The calcium paradox was first mentioned in 1966 by Zimmerman et al. Thereafter gained great interest from the scientific community due to the fact of the absence of calcium ions in heart muscle cells produce damage similar to ischemia-reperfusion. Although not all known mechanisms involved in cellular injury in the calcium paradox intercellular connection maintained only by nexus seems to have a key role in cellular fragmentation. The addition of small concentrations of calcium, calcium channel blockers, and hyponatraemia hypothermia are important to prevent any cellular damage during reperfusion solutions with physiological concentration of calcium.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcos Aurélio Barboza de
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Antônio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Husseni
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.affiliation: Santa Casa Votuporanga, Votuporanga, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Luís Lasso
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.affiliation: Braile Biomédiaca, Indústria Comércio e Representações, São José so Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goissis
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Domingo Marcolino
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Braile
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004140:Dinitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004140:Dinitrophenols; D002110:Caffeine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium