title: Predictors of postpartum depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine sociodemographic factors, pregnancy-associated psychosocial stress and depression, health risk behaviors, prepregnancy medical and psychiatric illness, pregnancy-related illnesses, and birth outcomes as risk factors for post-partum depression (PPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study screened women at 4 and 8 months of pregnancy and used hierarchical logistic regression analyses to examine predictors of PPD. The study sample include 1,423 pregnant women at a university-based high risk obstetrics clinic. A score of ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) indicated clinically significant depressive symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with women without significant postpartum depressive symptoms, women with PPD were significantly younger (p<0.0001), more likely to be unemployed (p=0.04), had more pregnancy associated depressive symptoms (p<0.0001) and psychosocial stress (p<0.0001), were more likely to be smokers (p<0.0001), were more likely to be taking antidepressants (ADs) during pregnancy (p=0.002), were less likely to drink any alcohol during pregnancy (p=0.02), and were more likely to have prepregnancy medical illnesses, including diabetes (p=0.02) and neurologic conditions (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for PPD were identified that could help physicians target depression case finding for pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Katon
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gavin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult