title: Vitamin C attenuates detrimental effects of diabetes mellitus on sperm parameters, chromatin quality and rate of apoptosis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal was to examine the protective effects of vitamin C on sperm parameters, sperm chromatin condensation and apoptosis in experimentally-induced diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 adult Syrian mice were divided into 4 groups. In Group1, the mice were diabetic that received a single dose of Streptozocin (STZ) (200mg/kg) intra-peritoneally (ip). Group 2 was included diabetic mice that received vitamin C (10mg/kg/daily, ip). Mice in group 3 were received vitamin C and group 4 was considered as control. After 35 days, sperm analysis was done accordingly. To asses sperm chromatin and DNA quality, we used aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), chromomycin A3 (CMA3), acridine orange (AO) and terminal transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin end labeling (TUNEL) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the sperm parameters (count, motility, morphology and viability) had significant reduction in diabetic mice but, the data showed a significant increase in all of the sperm parameters in diabetic+vitamin C when compared with diabetic and control animals (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.001) between groups regarding to TB staining (48.8±5.92 vs 34.3±4.13), AO test (35.9±6.11 vs 20.8±2.89) and TUNEL test (39.42±7.18 vs 22.00±3.65) in diabetic and diabetic+vitamin C groups, respectively. Nevertheless, in CMA3 and AB staining assays, there were not any significant differences between different groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin C, as a potent antioxidant, can attenuate detrimental effects of diabetes mellitus on the sperm parameters, chromatin quality and apoptosis in an experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Research & Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: Research & Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Electronic address: es.mangoli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esmat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mangoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nahangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anvari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourentezari
authors.affiliation: Research & Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Halvaei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002843:Chromatin; D013311:Streptozocin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Apoptosis; Chromatin; Diabetes mellitus; Mice; Sperm; Vitamin C