title: Comparative angioprotective effects of magnesium compounds.
abstract: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is implicated in the development of numerous disorders of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the data regarding the efficacy of different magnesium compounds in the correction of impaired functions due to low magnesium intake are often fragmentary and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the most bioavailable Mg compounds (Mg l-aspartate, Mg N-acetyltaurate, Mg chloride, Mg sulphate and Mg oxybutyrate) on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed a low Mg diet for 74 days. A low Mg diet decreased the Mg concentration in the plasma and erythrocytes, which was accompanied by a reduced concentration of eNOs and increased levels of endothelin-1 level in the serum and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. These effects increased the concentration of proinflammatory molecules, such as VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP, indicating the development of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The increased total NO level, which estimated from the sum of the nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the serum, may also be considered to be a proinflammatory marker. Two weeks of Mg supplementation partially or fully normalised the ability of the vascular wall to effect adequate endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and reversed the levels of most endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory markers (except CRP) to the mean values of the control group. Mg sulphate had the smallest effect on the endothelin-1, TNF-α and VCAM-1 levels. Mg N-acetyltaurate was significantly more effective in restoring the level of eNOS compared to all other studied compounds, except for Mg oxybutyrate. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that all Mg compounds equally alleviate endothelial dysfunction and inflammation caused by Mg deficiency. Mg sulphate tended to be the least effective compound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kharitonova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), RIG "Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics", Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: iezhitsa@salam.uitm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iezhitsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Department of Allergology and Immunology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheltova
authors.affiliation: Department for Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozerov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshih Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spasov
authors.affiliation: Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow 105064, Russia; Trace Element - Institute for UNESCO, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skalny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D020011:Protective Agents; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: CRP; Endothelial dysfunction; Endothelin-1; IL-6; Inflammation; Magnesium N-acetyltaurate; Magnesium chloride; Magnesium deficiency; Magnesium l-aspartate; Magnesium oxybutyrate; Magnesium sulphate; TNF-α; VCAM-1; eNOS