title: The economic burden of pneumonia and meningitis among children less than five years old in Hanoi, Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the average treatment costs of pneumonia and meningitis among children under five years of age in a tertiary hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam from societal, health sector and household perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a cost-of-illness approach to identify cost categories to be included for different perspectives. A prospective survey was conducted among eligible patients to get detailed personal costing items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the perspective of the health sector, the mean costs for treating a case of pneumonia and meningitis were USD 180 and USD 300, respectively. From the household's perspective, the average treatment costs were USD 272 for pneumonia and USD 534 for meningitis. When also including indirect costs, the average total treatment costs from the societal perspective were USD 318 for pneumonia and USD 727 for meningitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study contributed to limited evidence on the high treatment costs of pneumonia and meningitis to the Vietnamese society, which is useful for a cost-effectiveness analysis of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine or other relevant disease preventions. It also indicated a need to re-evaluate the health insurance policy for children under 6 years old, so that the unnecessarily high out-of-pocket costs of these diseases are reduced.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Phuc
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Ulla K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Dang D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Anh
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franzini
authors.forename: Wenyaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Ha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swint
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000191:economics; D014744:Vietnam
keywords: Vietnam; cost of illness; coste de la enfermedad; coût de la maladie; meningitis; méningite; neumonía; pneumonia; pneumonie