title: G6PD deficiency in Latin America: systematic review on prevalence and variants.
abstract: Plasmodium vivax radical cure requires the use of primaquine (PQ), a drug that induces haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals, which further hampers malaria control efforts. The aim of this work was to study the G6PDd prevalence and variants in Latin America (LA) and the Caribbean region. A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Low prevalence rates of G6PDd were documented in Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, but studies from Curaçao, Ecuador, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad, as well as some surveys carried out in areas of Brazil, Colombia and Cuba, have shown a high prevalence (> 10%) of G6PDd. The G6PD A-202A mutation was the variant most broadly distributed across LA and was identified in 81.1% of the deficient individuals surveyed. G6PDd is a frequent phenomenon in LA, although certain Amerindian populations may not be affected, suggesting that PQ could be safely used in these specific populations. Population-wide use of PQ as part of malaria elimination strategies in LA cannot be supported unless a rapid, accurate and field-deployable G6PDd diagnostic test is made available.
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wuelton M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernando F A
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Val
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: André M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gabriel P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Franca
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Vanderson S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gisely C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Anne C G
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcelo A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Henry M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Quique
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bassat
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gustavo A S
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Oliveira
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maria Regina F
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lacerda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcus Vinícius G
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D005955:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011319:Primaquine
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D011319:Primaquine