title: Breast cancer risk assessment in primary care.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer (when excluding skin cancers) in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in women, with a lifetime prevalence of 12.5% (, ; ). Breast cancer screening reduces risk of cancer death, thereby increasing rate of survival to up to 89% for women with stage 1 and 2 breast cancer (; ). Despite these data, undue harm may occur with unnecessary screening because overidentification of risk, and excessive, costly biopsies may result. Costs and benefits of screening must be weighed. Nurses at all levels can play a pivotal role in promotion of appropriate breast cancer screening and subsequently breast cancer prevention by using accurate screening tools, such as the Tyrer-Cuzick model. Although there are some limitations with this tool, screening at the primary care level has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes (). Its use can help nurses accurately assess a woman's breast cancer risk, by promoting appropriate screening at the primary care level ().
authors.affiliation: Shannon Lynn Brown recently graduated from The College of New Jersey with a Master's in Nursing and is a certified family nurse. The author can be reached via e-mail at brown222@tcnj.edu Connie Kartoz is an Assistant Professor, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ.
authors.forename: Shannon Lynn
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kartoz
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment