title: Is health a right for all? An umbrella review of the barriers to health care access faced by migrants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To synthesise the scientific evidence concerning barriers to health care access faced by migrants. We sought to critically analyse this evidence with a view to guiding policies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review methodology was used to identify systematic and scoping reviews which quantitatively or qualitatively analysed data from primary studies. The main variables analysed were structural and contextual barriers (health system organisation) as well as individual (patients and providers). The quality of evidence from the systematic reviews was critically appraised. From 2674 reviews, 79 were retained for further scrutiny, and finally 9 met the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structural barriers identified were the lack of health insurance and the high cost of drugs (non-universal health system) and organisational aspects of health system (social insurance system and national health system). The individual barriers were linguistic and cultural. None of the reviews provided a quality appraisal of the studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Barriers to health care for migrants range from entitlement in non-universal health systems to accessibility in universal ones, and determinants of access to the respective health services should be analysed within the corresponding national context. Generate social and institutional changes that eliminate barriers to access to health services is essential to ensure health for all.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, and History of Science , University of Alicante , Alicante , Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gil-González
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Portiño
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vives-Cases
authors.forename: Andrés A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Agudelo-Suárez
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castejón Bolea
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronda-Pérez
mesh_terms: D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D014943:Global Health; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D014171:Transients and Migrants
keywords: access; barriers; health services; migrants; review