title: Role of sediments in modifying the toxicity of two Roundup formulations to six species of larval anurans.
abstract: The role of sediment in modifying the toxicity of the original formulation of Roundup® and Roundup WeatherMAX® was examined in aqueous laboratory tests. Six species of anurans (Bufo fowleri, Hyla chrysoscelis, Rana catesbeiana, Rana clamitans, Rana sphenocephala, and Rana pipiens) were exposed at Gosner stage 25 to concentrations of the 2 herbicide formulations in 96-h, static, nonrenewal experiments in the presence and absence of sediment. All species tested had lower median lethal concentration values in water-only exposures of both formulations compared with exposures with sediment. Sediment significantly altered the potency slopes in all tests with the exceptions of H. chrysoscelis and R. clamitans when exposed to the original formulation of Roundup and H. chrysoscelis and R. sphenocephala when exposed to Roundup WeatherMAX. Thresholds were significantly different in all tests, including those in which potency slopes did not differ. Based on water-sediment exposures of the original formulation of Roundup, all 6 species tested had a margin of safety when compared with the predicted environmental concentration of the highest label application rate. Of the 6 species, 5 had a margin of safety when exposed to Roundup WeatherMAX. During incidental exposures in the field, sediments and organic matter present in aquatic systems provide significant sources of environmental ligands. If used according to label instructions, both herbicides should pose minimal risk to anuran amphibians in actual field applications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2616-2620. © 2014 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Latice
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Lindsay J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Bowerman
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Yarrow
authors.forename: Wayne Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000196:embryology*; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000196:embryology; D004777:Environment; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008024:Ligands; D011786:Quality Control; D063188:Rana clamitans / Q000196:embryology; D011894:Rana pipiens / Q000196:embryology; D011898:Ranidae / Q000196:embryology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D008024:Ligands; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Adsorption; Amphibian; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Roundup®; Sediment