title: Inhibition of form-deprivation myopia by a GABAAOr receptor antagonist, (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl) methylphosphinic acid (TPMPA), in guinea pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the relatively selective GABAAOr receptor antagonist (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl) methylphosphinic acid (TPMPA) on form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diffuser was applied monocularly to 30 guinea pigs from day 10 to 21. The animals were randomized to one of five treatment groups. The deprived eye received daily sub-conjunctival injections of 100 μl TPMPA at a concentration of (i) 0.03 %, ( ii) 0.3 %, or (iii) 1 %, a fourth group (iv) received saline injections, and another (v) no injections. The fellow eye was left untreated. An additional group received no treatment to either eye. Prior to and at the end of the treatment period, refraction and ocular biometry were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual deprivation produced relative myopia in all groups (treated versus untreated eyes, P < 0.05). The amount of myopia was significantly affected by the drug treatment (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001); myopia was less in deprived eyes receiving either 0.3 % or 1 % TPMPA (saline = -4.38 ± 0.57D, 0.3 % TPMPA = -3.00 ± 0.48D, P < 0.01; 1 % TPMPA = -0.88 ± 0.51D, P < 0.001). The degree of axial elongation was correspondingly less (saline = 0.13 ± 0.02 mm, 0.3 % TPMPA = 0.09 ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.01, 1 % TPMPA = 0.02 ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.001) as was the VC elongation (saline = 0.08 ± 0.01 mm, 0.3 % TPMPA = 0.05 ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.01, 1 % TPMPA = 0.01 ± 0.01 mm; P < 0.001). ACD and LT were not affected (one-way ANOVA, P > 0.05). One percent TPMPA was more effective at inhibiting myopia than 0.3 % (P < 0.01), and 0.03 % did not appreciably inhibit the myopia (0.03 % TPMPA versus saline, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sub-conjunctival injections of TPMPA inhibit FDM in guinea pig models in a dose-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China, zycheng2008@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhen-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xu-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Katrina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Xu-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D001699:Biometry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D009216:Myopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010721:Phosphinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D012683:Sensory Deprivation
chemical_list: C101879:(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid; D018756:GABA Antagonists; C087200:GABA-C receptor; D010721:Phosphinic Acids; D011725:Pyridines; D018079:Receptors, GABA