title: Factors predicting the development of pressure ulcers in an at-risk population who receive standardized preventive care: secondary analyses of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictive factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers in patients at risk who receive standardized preventive care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have examined factors that predict risk for pressure ulcer development. Only a few studies identified risk factors associated with pressure ulcer development in hospitalized patients receiving standardized preventive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analyses of data collected in a multicentre randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 610 consecutive patients at risk for pressure ulcer development (Braden Score <17) receiving standardized preventive care measures. Patient demographic information, data on skin and risk assessment, medical history and diagnosis were collected during 26 months (December 2007-January 2010). Predictive factors were identified using multivariate statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pressure ulcers in category II-IV were significantly associated with non-blanchable erythema, urogenital disorders and higher body temperature. Predictive factors significantly associated with superficial pressure ulcers were admission to an internal medicine ward, incontinence-associated dermatitis, non-blanchable erythema and a lower Braden score. Superficial sacral pressure ulcers were significantly associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the standardized preventive measures they received, hospitalized patients with non-blanchable erythema, urogenital disorders and a higher body temperature were at increased risk for developing pressure ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved identification of at-risk patients can be achieved by taking into account specific predictive factors. Even if preventive measures are in place, continuous assessment and tailoring of interventions is necessary in all patients at risk. Daily skin observation can be used to continuously monitor the effectiveness of the intervention.
authors.affiliation: University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Liesbet
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Demarre
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verhaeghe
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clays
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grypdonck
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beeckman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004890:Erythema / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005334:Fever / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: multivariate analysis; nursing; predictive factors; pressure ulcers; prevention; risk assessment