title: Superior vena cava obstruction as late complication of biventricular pacemaker implantation: surgical replacement of the malfunctioning previous leads.
authors.affiliation: Cardiochirurgia Ospedale Papardo Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Papardo Piemonte, 98158 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceresa
authors.affiliation: Cardiochirurgia Ospedale Papardo Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Papardo Piemonte, 98158 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia Ospedale San Vincenzo - Taormina (Me) Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Messina, Contrada Sirina, 98039 Taormina (Messina), Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patanè
authors.affiliation: Cardiologia Ospedale San Vincenzo - Taormina (Me) Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Messina, Contrada Sirina, 98039 Taormina (Messina), Italy. Electronic address: gicalvagna@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Mario
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Calvagna
authors.affiliation: Cardiochirurgia Ospedale Papardo Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Papardo Piemonte, 98158 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patanè
mesh_terms: D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Endocarditis; Extraction; Implantable defibrillator; Lead; Pacemaker