title: Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease related to the R1441G mutation in LRRK2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The neuropsychological characteristics of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) associated with R1441G mutation in the LRRK2 gene (R1441G-PD) are not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive status and mood of R1441G-PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with R1441G-PD were compared with thirty idiopathic PD (i-PD) patients who were matched by age, sex, education, disease onset age and duration, using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological test, and considering the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria for the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PD-Dementia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean scores in the depression and anxiety scales were similar in the two groups. Depressive symptoms were detected in 31.8% of R1441G-PD and 25% of i-PD patients and anxiety symptoms were evident in 4.5% and 15%, respectively, but the differences were not significant. The only neuropsychological test on which there was a significantly worse performance in the R1441G-PD group was the Boston naming test but the difference became not significant when Bonferroni's correction was applied. The prevalence of PD-MCI was 30% in both R1441G-PD and i-PD, with no differences in the number and type of domains altered given that executive function, memory and attention were mainly affected. PD-Dementia was diagnosed in 13.3% (n = 4) of R1441G-PD and 26.7% (n = 8) of i-PD patients (difference was not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, significant differences were not detected between R1441G-PD and i-PD in cognitive, depression and anxiety scales, or PD-MCI and PD-Dementia prevalence, and the cognitive profile was identical in the two groups.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain. Electronic address: ainara.estangaalustiza@osakidetza.net.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estanga
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Oroz
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barandiaran
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorostidi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergareche
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mondragon
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez de Munain
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marti-Masso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Cognitive impairment; LRRK2; Mood; Parkinson's disease; R1441G mutation