title: The prevalence of dementia subtypes in rural Tanzania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of dementia is predicted to increase rapidly in developing countries. Vascular risk factors may contribute to this rise. Our aim was to estimate the proportions of Alzheimer's disease (ADD) and vascular dementia (VAD) in a prevalent cohort of dementia cases in rural Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage door-to-door dementia prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hai district, Tanzania
  
  
  METHODS
  In Phase I, the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D) was used to screen 1198 community-dwelling people for dementia. In Phase II, 168/184 (91.3%) of those with poor performance, 56/104 (53.8%) of those with intermediate performance and 72/910 (7.9%) of those with good performance on CSI-D were interviewed and diagnoses were made using the DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  For subtype diagnosis, DSM-IV dementia criteria plus NINCDS-ADRDA criteria were used for ADD and NINDS-AIREN criteria for VAD. Other dementias were diagnosed by international consensus criteria. Diagnoses were confirmed or excluded by computerised tomography where clinically appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 78 dementia cases, 38 (48.7%) were ADD and 32 (41.0%) were VAD. The crude prevalence of ADD was 3.7% (95% CI 2.5 to 4.9) and of VAD was 2.9% (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9). The age-adjusted prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI 1.8 to 4.2) for ADD and 2.6% (95% CI 1.6 to 3.6) for VAD. A previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was independently associated with greater odds of having VAD than ADD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VAD accounted for a greater proportion of dementia cases than expected. Further investigation and treatment of risk factors is required in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stella-Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paddick
authors.affiliation: South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longdon
authors.affiliation: District Medical Office, Hai District Hospital, Boma'ngombe, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Aloyce
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kisoli
authors.affiliation: Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, United Kingdom. Electronic address: catherine.dotchin@nhct.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dotchin
authors.affiliation: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jusabani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teodorczuk
authors.affiliation: District Medical Office, Hai District Hospital, Boma'ngombe, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaote
authors.affiliation: Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, United Kingdom; Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Africa; Alzheimer disease; Dementia; Tanzania; prevalence; vascular dementia