title: Dilatation of the Virchow-Robin spaces as an indicator of unilateral carotid artery stenosis: correlation with white matter lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virchow-Robin space (VRS) dilatation is related to many pathologic conditions, mostly associated with vascular abnormalities. White matter lesions (WMLs) are commonly seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with advancing age and generally considered as potential markers for vascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if asymmetric dilatation of VRSs and WMLs are associated with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) and to test the relationship between dilated VRSs and common vascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients (18 men, 11 women; mean age, 68.62 years) with unilateral ICAS (≥70% carotid stenosis) undergoing carotid endarterectomy were identified for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant prospective study and assessed with brain MRI. Two experienced radiologists scored VRSs and WMLs and evaluated old infarcts, chronic lacunar infarcts, and cerebral atrophy. Asymmetry of WML and VRS scores between two cerebral hemispheres was assessed and associations between VRS scores, WML scores, and explanatory variables (e.g. age, sex, vascular risk factors, and atrophy) were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, WMLs and basal ganglia VRSs were significantly greater in the unilateral hemisphere with ICA stenosis than contralateral hemisphere. Basal ganglia VRSs were associated with WMLs and internal cerebral atrophy. No association between the severity of VRSs and vascular risk factors was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICA stenosis may contribute as a factor in the development of WMLs and dilatation of VRSs by causing chronic hypoperfusion. VRS dilatation may be an additional MRI marker of ICAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey neslinshn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Neslin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Besir
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Akpinar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Carotid artery stenosis; Virchow-Robin spaces; magnetic resonance imaging; white matter lesions