title: Apocynin, a low molecular oral treatment for neurodegenerative disease.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators secreted by activated resident or infiltrated innate immune cells have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This may imply that patients affected by a neurodegenerative disease may benefit from treatment with selective inhibitors of innate immune activity. Here we review the therapeutic potential of apocynin, an essentially nontoxic phenolic compound isolated from the medicinal plant Jatropha multifida. Apocynin is a selective inhibitor of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2 that can be applied orally and is remarkably effective at low dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bert A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: 't Hart
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjef
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Copray
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Philippens
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C056165:acetovanillone; C056558:CYBB protein, human; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases