title: Genipin cross-linked nanocomposite films for the immobilization of antimicrobial agent.
abstract: Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) reinforced chitosan based antimicrobial films were prepared by immobilizing nisin on the surface of the films. Nanocomposite films containing 18.65 μg/cm(2) of nisin reduced the count of L. monocytogenes by 6.73 log CFU/g, compared to the control meat samples (8.54 log CFU/g) during storage at 4 °C in a Ready-To-Eat (RTE) meat system. Film formulations containing 9.33 μg/cm(2) of nisin increased the lag phase of L. monocytogenes on meat by more than 21 days, whereas formulations with 18.65 μg/cm(2) completely inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes during storage. Genipin was used to cross-link and protect the activity of nisin during storage. Nanocomposite films cross-linked with 0.05% w/v genipin exhibited the highest bioactivity (10.89 μg/cm(2)) during the storage experiment, as compared to that of the un-cross-linked films (7.23 μg/cm(2)). Genipin cross-linked films were able to reduce the growth rate of L. monocytogenes on ham samples by 21% as compared to the un-cross-linked films. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of genipin-nisin-chitosan heterocyclic cross-linked network. Genipin cross-linked films also improved the swelling, water solubility, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre (CIC), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec , 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Avik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmieri
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fraschini
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacroix
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009561:Nisin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D039823:Iridoids; D014867:Water; D009561:Nisin; D048271:Chitosan; C007834:genipin; C102526:nisin A
keywords: Listeria monocytogenes; antimicrobial films; chitosan; genipin; nisin; surface modification