title: Impact of CPOE usage on medication management process costs and quality outcomes.
abstract: We assess the impact of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems usage on cost and process quality in the medication management process. Data are compiled from 1,014 U.S. acute-care hospitals that have already implemented CPOE. Data sources include the American Hospital Association, HIMSS Analytics, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. We examine the association of CPOE usage with nursing and pharmacy salary costs, and evidence-based medication process compliance. Empirical findings controlling for endogeneity in usage show that benefits accrue even when 100 percent usage is not achieved. We demonstrate that the relationship of CPOE usage with cost and compliance is non-linear.
authors.affiliation: Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA spauldingtj@appstate.edu.
authors.forename: Trent J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Spaulding
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Raghu
mesh_terms: D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
keywords: CPOE; HIT; meaningful use; quality outcomes; salary costs