title: Protective effects of clovamide against H2O2-induced stress in rat cardiomyoblasts H9c2 cell line.
abstract: Cocoa contains phenolic compounds with known antioxidant and antiradical properties beneficial in different pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we have evaluated the protective effects of clovamide, a minor cocoa component, against oxidative stress induced in the rat cardiomyoblast cell line, also comparing it to its bio-isosteric form, rosmarinic acid, and to the main monomeric flavan-3-ol from low-molecular-weight polyphenol in cocoa, i.e. epicatechin. At nano-micro-molar concentrations, the three compounds inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, evaluated under different aspects, namely, annexin V positivity, DNA fragmentation, caspase release and activation. These molecules can, thus, be considered for their bioactive beneficial activity in the context of cardiovascular pathologies and, particularly, in the protection towards oxidative stress that follows ischemic injury. Clovamide may, thus, be the primary compound for the development of innovative nutraceutical strategies towards cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy. mprat@med.unipmn.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamperone
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pietronave
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colangelo
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Travaglia
authors.forename: Jean Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coïsson
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arlorio
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D053630:Depsides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D005419:Flavonoids; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014443:Tyrosine; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C404987:flavan-3-ol; C416518:clovamide