title: Vitamin D status and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Western Australian adolescents.
abstract: Despite the importance of skeletal growth during adolescence, there is limited research reporting vitamin D status and its predictors in adolescents. Using prospective data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, we investigated vitamin D status and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in adolescents. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in the same participants at 14 and 17 years (n 1045 at both time points). The percentage of adolescents with serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50, 50-74·9 and ≥ 75 nmol/l was reported year-round and by month of blood collection. We examined the predictors of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, including sex, race, month of blood collection, physical activity, BMI, family income, and Ca and vitamin D intakes (n 919 at 14 years; n 570 at 17 years), using a general linear mixed model. At 14 years, 31 % of adolescents had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 50 and 74·9 nmol/l and a further 4 % had concentrations < 50 nmol/l. At 17 years, 40 % of adolescents had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 50 and 74·9 nmol/l and 12 % had concentrations < 50 nmol/l. Caucasian ethnicity, being sampled at the end of summer, exercising more, having a lower BMI, a higher Ca intake and a higher family income were significantly associated with higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The proportion of adolescents with serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50 nmol/l was low in this Western Australian cohort. There is a need for international consensus on defining adequate vitamin D status in order to determine whether strategies to increase vitamin D status in adolescents are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Lucinda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Wendy H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Oddy
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Beilin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan She Ping-Delfos
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Carina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Prue H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia,Perth, Western Australia,Australia.
authors.forename: Trevor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D