title: The importance of alpha/beta (alpha/13) interferon receptors and signaling pathways for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunotherapies have been effective in treating various forms of cancer, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) predominantly caused by human papilloma virus (HPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  To establish persistent infections in stratified epithelia, HPV induces proliferative lesions. Viral gene products are able to change gene expression and cellular proteins. Interferons (IFNs) are inducible glycoproteins that have immunomodulatory, antiviral, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic effects. In particular, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has been shown to inhibit the development and progression of cervical cancer. In this review, actions of interferons alpha/beta (alpha/beta), including their receptors and signaling pathways, are described, as well as their clinical importance in the immune response against cervical lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interaction of IFN-alpha/beta with its receptor results in a series of phosphorylation events. These mechanisms can be ineffective in IFN response, then it can also compromise the therapeutic effects of immunotherapy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: C M R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Michelin
authors.forename: E F C
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Murta
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; D016899:Interferon-beta