title: Music therapy for chronic tinnitus: variability of tinnitus pitch in the course of therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In general, tinnitus pitch has been observed to be variable across time for most patients experiencing tinnitus. Some tinnitus therapies relate to the dominant tinnitus pitch in order to adjust therapeutic interventions. As studies focusing on tinnitus pitch rarely conduct consecutive pitch matching in therapeutic settings, little is known about the course and variability of tinnitus pitch during therapeutic interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability and development of tinnitus pitch in the course of therapeutic interventions. Tinnitus pitch was suspected to be highly variable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The researchers conducted a descriptive, retrospective analysis of data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 175 adult patients experiencing chronic tinnitus served as participants. All patients had received a neuro-music therapy according to the "Heidelberg Model of Music Therapy for Chronic Tinnitus."
  
  
  METHODS
  During therapeutic interventions lasting for 5 consecutive days, the individual tinnitus frequency was assessed daily by means of a tinnitus pitch-matching procedure. The extent of variability in tinnitus pitch was calculated by mean ratios of frequencies between subsequent tinnitus measurements. Analysis of variance of repeated measures and post hoc paired samples t-tests were used for comparison of means in tinnitus frequencies, and the test-retest reliability of measurements was obtained by the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tinnitus pitch displayed a variability of approximately 3/5 to 4/5 octaves per day. Overall, the mean frequency declined in the course of the therapy. Detailed analysis revealed three groups of patients with diverging tinnitus progression. The test-retest reliability between assessments turned out to be robust (r = 0.74 or higher).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable variation in tinnitus pitch was found. Consequently, a frequent rechecking of tinnitus frequency is suggested during frequency-specific acoustic stimulation in order to train appropriate frequency bands.
authors.affiliation: German Center for Music Therapy Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Musiktherapieforschung (Viktor Dulger Institut) DZM e.V.).
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.affiliation: German Center for Music Therapy Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Musiktherapieforschung (Viktor Dulger Institut) DZM e.V.).
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grapp
authors.affiliation: German Center for Music Therapy Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Musiktherapieforschung (Viktor Dulger Institut) DZM e.V.).
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Argstatter
authors.affiliation: Music Therapy Tinnitus Outpatient Department, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Volker
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Bolay
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D009147:Music Therapy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000534:rehabilitation*