title: Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: the recent advances.
abstract: In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the conditions in the immediate vicinity of the cells have a direct effect on cells' behaviour and subsequently on clinical outcomes. Physical, chemical, and biological control of cell microenvironment are of crucial importance for the ability to direct and control cell behaviour in 3-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds spatially and temporally. In this review, we will focus on the different aspects of cell microenvironment such as surface micro-, nanotopography, extracellular matrix composition and distribution, controlled release of soluble factors, and mechanical stress/strain conditions and how these aspects and their interactions can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities. The effect of these parameters on the cellular behaviour within tissue engineering context is discussed and how these parameters are used to develop engineered tissues is elaborated. Also, recent techniques developed for the monitoring of the cell microenvironment in vitro and in vivo are reviewed, together with recent tissue engineering applications where the control of cell microenvironment has been exploited. Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring are crucial parts of tissue engineering efforts and systems which utilize different components of the cell microenvironment simultaneously can provide more functional engineered tissues in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1121, "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie", 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barthes
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1121, "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie", 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Hayriye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özçelik
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 2 Avenue Adolphe Chauvin, 95302 Cergy Pontoise, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindié
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Albana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ndreu-Halili
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Anwarul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1121, "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie", 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France ; Protip SAS, 8 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nihal Engin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5398-6710
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Vrana
mesh_terms: D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*