title: 5'-Guanosine monophosphate mediated biocompatible porous hydrogel of β-FeOOH-viscoelastic behavior, loading, and release capabilities of freeze-dried gel.
abstract: The present manuscript reports the characterization, optimization of rheological properties, and loading and release capabilities of 5'-GMP mediated β-FeOOH hydrogel. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicates it to contain mainly the left-handed helix similar to that of Z-DNA. The highest viscosity (>300 cP) corresponds to the sample containing 2.5 × 10(-3) mol dm(-3) of 5'-GMP (SP2H). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies indicate the freeze-dried (FD) SP2H to be porous in nature, which is also supported by its high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 226 m(2)/g as compared to that of SP3H (75 m(2)/g). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis and Raman spectroscopy show it to contain β-FeOOH phase. The FD SP2H exhibits the high swelling ratio (326%) and loading capacity for methylene blue (MB) dye. It displays a controlled and efficient release (>90%) for optimized [MB] (2.5 × 10(-4) mol dm(-3)) in 48 h. The low toxicity of as synthesized FD SP2H nanostructures against MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells) up to 100 μg/mL suggests its biocompatible nature. The high porosity, surface area, % swelling, and loading and release performance of the hydrogel indicate its potential for drug delivery and other biological applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sudhir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006157:Guanosine Monophosphate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012212:Rheology; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D020100:Hydrogels; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances; C473845:akaganeite; D006157:Guanosine Monophosphate; D008751:Methylene Blue