title: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Acute Variceal Bleeding: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute variceal bleeding is the most common lethal complication of liver cirrhosis. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to those of medical/endoscopic therapy for acute variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all relevant comparative studies. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)were pooled for dichotomous and time-dependent variables, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the type of study design (randomized or nonrandomized studies), source of bleeding (esophageal or gastric varices), type of stent (covered or bare stent), and patient selection (high risk or unselected patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six papers were eligible. TIPS was superior to medical/endoscopic therapy in decreasing the incidence of treatment failure (OR=0.22; 95% CI, 0.11-0.44), improving overall survival (HR=0.55; 95% CI, 0.38-0.812), and decreasing the incidence of bleeding-related death (OR=0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.59). Although TIPS did not significantly decrease the incidence of rebleeding (OR=0.27; 95% CI, 0.06-1.29), it became significantly greater in the subgroup meta-analyses of randomized studies (OR=0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.32) than in those of nonrandomized studies (OR=0.76; 95% CI, 0.40-1.45; subgroup difference, P=0.003), and in the subgroup meta-analyses of studies including high-risk patients (OR=0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.23) than in those including low-risk patients (OR=0.83; 95% CI, 0.44-1.56; subgroup difference, P=0.0007). In addition, TIPS did not significantly increase the incidence of posttreatment hepatic encephalopathy (OR=1.37; 95% CI, 0.63-2.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of the benefit of prevention from treatment failure, TIPS with covered stents might improve the overall survival of high-risk patients with acute variceal bleeding.
authors.affiliation: *Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University §Library of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an †Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region ‡Department of Gastroenterology, No. 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, China ∥Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metaboliques, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestiva, Spain.
authors.forename: Xingshun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chunping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: García-Pagán
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Daiming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome