title: Antiparasitic efficacy of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz) Sm. against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.
abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of active components from Costus speciosus against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to identify active compounds from C. speciosus yielding 2 bioactive compounds: Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin. In-vitro assays revealed that Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis at concentrations of 0.8 and 4.5 mg L(-1), with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.53 and 3.2 mg L(-1), respectively. All protomonts and encysted tomonts were killed when the concentrations of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin were 1.0 and 5.0 mg L(-1). In-vivo experiments demonstrated that fish treated with Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mg L(-1) carried significantly fewer parasites than the control (P<0.05). Mortality of fish did not occur in the treatment group (Zingibernsis newsaponin at 5.0 mg L(-1)) during the trial, although 100% of untreated fish died. Acute toxicities (LD50) of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin for grass carp were 1.64 and 20.7 mg L(-1), respectively. These results provided evidence that the 2 compounds can be selected as lead compounds for the development of new drugs against I. multifiliis.
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Ya-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Agriculture University,2888 Xincheng Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Ze-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Zhongqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Zhang-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute,1195 Kunshan Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Wei-Qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jilin Agriculture University,2888 Xincheng Road, Changchun, Jilin,China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000469:parasitology*; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D029770:Costus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000469:parasitology; D016803:Hymenostomatida / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013150:Spirostans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D013150:Spirostans; C044934:gracillin
keywords: antiparasitic