title: Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: single centre experience of 250 cases and proposed therapeutic protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of systemic propranolol for the treatment of complicated infantile haemangiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of case notes of paediatric patients treated with propranolol for complicated infantile haemangiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All paediatric patients with complicated infantile haemangiomas who commenced treatment with propranolol from July 2008 to December 2011 and have completed treatment for at least 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  250 patients were treated with propranolol; 34.4% were premature and 5.6% postmature. Indications for propranolol included: vision compromise (42.0%), bleeding and/or ulceration (30.4%) airway obstruction (8.8%), feeding difficulty (8.4%), risk of permanent disfigurement (4.4%) and other (6%) (nasal obstruction, auditory canal obstruction, large haemangioma, compression of neck structure and spinal cord). Median age at beginning of treatment was 4.5 months. Median age at end of treatment was 16.7 months. Median length of therapy was 11.8 months. Adverse effects (such as wheezing, worsening of ulceration, sleep disturbance, diarrhoea) occurred in 38 patients (15.2%), leading to modifications in management in 26 patients (10.4%). 240 patients (96%) had good to excellent response to treatment. 20 patients (8%) experienced regrowth of the haemangioma on cessation of propranolol and six patients (2.4%) required propranolol to be restarted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In appropriately selected patients, propranolol is a safe and effective treatment for infantile haemangiomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solman
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: Amera
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murabit
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gnarra
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: Samira B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glover
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011433:Propranolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol
keywords: Dermatology; General Paediatrics