title: Comparison of Serum Zinc and Copper levels in Children and adolescents with Intractable and Controlled Epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trace elements such as zinc and copper have physiological effects on neuronal excitability that may play a role in the etiology of intractable epilepsy. This topic has been rarely discussed in Iranian epileptic patients. This study with the analysis of serum zinc and copper levels of children and adolescents with intractable and controlled epilepsy may identifies the potential role of these two trace elements in the development of epilepsy and intractability to antiepileptic drug treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients between the ages of 6 months to 15 years that referred to Children's Medical Center with the diagnosis of epilepsy, either controlled or intractable to treatment enrolled in the study. After informed parental consent the levels of serum zinc and copper were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and analyzed with SPSS version 11.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 patients were enrolled in each group of intractable (IE) and controlled epilepsy (CE). 71.45% of the IE and 25.72% of the CE group had zinc deficiency that was statistically significant. 48.58% of the IE and 45.72 of the CE group were copper deficient, which was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed significant low serum zinc levels of patients with intractable epilepsy in comparison with controlled epilepsy group. We recommend that serum zinc level may play a role in the etiology of epilepsy and intractable epilepsy therefore its measurement and prescription may be regarded in the treatment of intractable epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeynab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kheradmand
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yarali
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.affiliation: Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pourpak
authors.affiliation: Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
keywords: Controlled epilepsy; Intractable epilepsy; Serum copper; Serum zinc