title: Virus-host mucosal interactions during early SIV rectal transmission.
abstract: To deepen our understanding of early rectal transmission of HIV-1, we studied virus-host interactions in the rectal mucosa using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-Indian rhesus macaque model and mRNA deep sequencing. We found that rectal mucosa actively responded to SIV as early as 3 days post-rectal inoculation (dpi) and mobilized more robust responses at 6 and 10 dpi. Our results suggest that the failure of the host to contain virus replication at the portal of entry is attributable to both a high-level expression of lymphocyte chemoattractant, proinflammatory and immune activation genes, which can recruit and activate viral susceptible target cells into mucosa; and a high-level expression of SIV accessory genes, which are known to be able to counter and evade host restriction factors and innate immune responses. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of rectal transmission.
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Wuxun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Fangrui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Churbanov
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Guobin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, China CDC, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. Electronic address: qli@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Qingsheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D012007:Rectum / Q000821:virology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Mucosal response; Rectal transmission; Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV); mRNA-seq