title: Simple semi-automated portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with contactless conductivity detection for the determination of β-agonists in pharmaceutical and pig-feed samples.
abstract: An inexpensive, robust and easy to use portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with miniaturized high-voltage capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was developed. The system utilizes pneumatic operation to manipulate the solutions for all flushing steps. The different operations, i.e. capillary flushing, interface rinsing, and electrophoretic separation, are easily activated by turning an electronic switch. To allow the analysis of samples with limited available volume, and to render the construction less complicated compared to a computer-controlled counterpart, sample injection is carried out hydrodynamically directly from the sample vial into the capillary by manual syphoning. The system is a well performing solution where the financial means for the highly expensive commercial instruments are not available and where the in-house construction of a sophisticated automated instrument is not possible due to limited mechanical and electronic workshop facilities and software programming expertise. For demonstration, the system was employed successfully for the determination of some β-agonists, namely salbutamol, metoprolol and ractopamine down to 0.7ppm in pharmaceutical and pig-feed sample matrices in Vietnam.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thi Anh Huong
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thi Ngoc Mai
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thi Tuoi
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thi Thao
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engeneering, University of Alcalá, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sáiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi - 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Thi Quynh Hoa
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Peter.Hauser@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: maithanhduc83@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thanh Duc
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mai
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D057205:Automation, Laboratory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists
keywords: Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D); Capillary electrophoresis (CE); Semi-automated portable instrument; β-Agonists