title: The relationship between clinically measured hip rotational motion and shoulder biomechanics during the pitching motion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how clinically measured hip motion is related to shoulder biomechanics during the pitching motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral hip rotational range of motion was measured clinically among 34 collegiate baseball pitchers. External rotation torque and maximum horizontal adduction range of motion of the throwing shoulder were measured using a three-dimensional, high speed video capture system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Separate standard multiple regression analyses showed that the total hip rotational range of motion of the lead leg had a significant relationship with shoulder external rotation torque during the throwing motion (r=0.56, P=0.003). Both lead leg hip external rotation range of motion (r=-0.39, P=0.02) and internal rotation range of motion (r=0.42, P=0.009) made significant contributions to this dependent variable. Lead leg external rotation range of motion also had a significant negative relationship with shoulder horizontal adduction range of motion (r=-0.36, P=0.04). The total rotational range of motion of the trail leg had a significant relationship with shoulder horizontal adduction range of motion (r=0.43, P=0.04). However, trail leg external rotation range of motion was the only significant contributor to this relationship (r=-0.35, P=0.04). No other significant relationships were noted (r<0.37, P>0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that altered hip rotational range of motion, measured clinically, has a direct effect on the amount of external rotation torque and horizontal adduction range of motion of the shoulder during the throwing motion.
authors.affiliation: Illinois State University, United States; Texas Metroplex Institute for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, United States. Electronic address: klaudner@ilstu.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laudner
authors.affiliation: Texas Metroplex Institute for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, United States.
authors.forename: Regan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Texas Metroplex Institute for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, United States.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onuki
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lynall
authors.affiliation: Texas Metroplex Institute for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, United States.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meister
mesh_terms: D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Kinetic chain; Lower extremity; Throwing athlete; Upper extremity