title: Accumulation and elimination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in mule ducks.
abstract: In Taiwan, a food safety crisis involving a presence of high concentrations of dioxin residues in duck eggs occurred in 2004. The dioxin content in duck meat sampled from supermarkets was also reported to be substantially higher than in products from other farm animals. Despite increased awareness of the potential for contamination and exposure to dioxins, the accumulation and elimination of dioxins in ducks have not been well characterized. In the present study, mule ducks were fed capsules containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) for 14 days and the trial was continued for another 28 days without PCDD/Fs supplementation. Ducks were sacrificed on the 14th, 28th, and 42nd days from the beginning of administration and samples of abdominal fat, breast, and liver tissue were obtained. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs were analyzed in the samples to investigate their distribution and elimination in various duck tissues. The bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in ducks was found to be tissue-dependent. In the abdominal fat, the bioconcentration factor was negatively correlated with the degree of chlorination. Conversely, more chlorinated PCDD/Fs (hexa- or hepta-congeners) were associated with higher bioconcentration in the liver and breast tissue. In terms of the efficiency of PCDD/Fs elimination, the liver was found to be the fastest, followed by the breast and the abdominal fat. The clearance rate positively correlated with the degree of chlorination, as determined by comparing the apparent elimination rate constant (k) of PCDD/Fs in various tissues. Overall, lower k values observed in this study imply that mule ducks have a reduced clearance of PCDD/Fs in comparison with layer and broiler chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: M10126010@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ting-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: joeylee@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jai-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: M9926012@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: M10126011@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsiao
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: cychu@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Supermicro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 83347, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 83347, Taiwan. Electronic address: sllin100@csu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sheng-Lun
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Supermicro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 83347, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetics and Fashion styling, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840, Chengcing Road, Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 83347, Taiwan. Electronic address: guoping@csu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Guo Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chang-Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiyu@mail.npust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C023614:dibenzofuran; C020887:dibenzo(1,4)dioxin
keywords: Dioxin accumulation; Dioxin elimination; Mule duck; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin; Polychlorinated dibenzofuran