title: Tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles show antiviral activity in herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.
abstract: The interaction between silver nanoparticles and herpesviruses is attracting great interest due to their antiviral activity and possibility to use as microbicides for oral and anogenital herpes. In this work, we demonstrate that tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles sized 13 nm, 33 nm and 46 nm are capable of reducing HSV-2 infectivity both in vitro and in vivo. The antiviral activity of tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles was size-related, required direct interaction and blocked virus attachment, penetration and further spread. All tested tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles reduced both infection and inflammatory reaction in the mouse model of HSV-2 infection when used at infection or for a post-infection treatment. Smaller-sized nanoparticles induced production of cytokines and chemokines important for anti-viral response. The corresponding control buffers with tannic acid showed inferior antiviral effects in vitro and were ineffective in blocking in vivo infection. Our results show that tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles are good candidates for microbicides used in treatment of herpesvirus infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomaszewska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gniadek
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sokolowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mikolaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donten
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celichowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grobelny
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzyzowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry*; D053585:Virus Attachment / Q000187:drug effects; D053586:Virus Internalization / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D013634:Tannins; D012834:Silver