title: The effects of health coaching on adult patients with chronic diseases: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic review was to describe the effects of health coaching on adult patients with chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reviewers searched electronic databases and performed a manual search for studies published from 2009 to 2013. The inclusion criteria covered health coaching for adults with chronic diseases by health care professionals. The studies were original, randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen studies were selected using the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that health coaching produces positive effects on patients' physiological, behavioral and psychological conditions and on their social life. In particular, statistically significant results revealed better weight management, increased physical activity and improved physical and mental health status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health coaching improves the management of chronic diseases. Further research into the cost-effectiveness of health coaching and its long-term effectiveness for chronic diseases is needed. Practice implications Health care professionals play key roles in promoting healthy behavior and motivating good care for adults with chronic diseases. Health coaching is an effective patient education method that can be used to motivate and take advantage of a patient's willingness to change their life style and to support the patient's home-based self-care.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: kirsi.kivela@dnainternet.net.
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kivelä
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Helvi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyngäs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kääriäinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods
keywords: Adult; Chronic disease; Health behavior; Health education; Health promotion; Review