title: Retinal vein occlusion in retinal racemose hemangioma: a case report and literature review of ocular complications in this rare retinal vascular disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal racemose hemangioma (RRH) is a rare congenital disorder that often co-occurs with other ocular complications. In this study, we present a case of RRH complicated with retinal vein obstruction in three branches and provide a review of ocular complications and associations with RRH.
  
  
  METHODS
  One case of RRH is presented. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the patient identified Group 3 RRH complicated with retinal vein occlusions in the superotemporal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal branches. Macular edema, which causes visual impairment, was detected. A brief literature review was also presented. The PubMed database was searched for RRH or related keywords to find reports of ocular complications or associations published on or before Dec. 31, 2013. A total of 140 papers describing167 RRH cases were found. The mean age of diagnosis was 22.97 years. Ocular complications were mentioned in 32 (19.16%) cases. Retinal vein occlusion (46.88%) was the major ocular complication in RRH, followed by hemorrhage (34.38%). Eight (4.79%) cases were associated with other ocular diseases such as Sturge-Weber syndrome , Morning glory disc anomaly and macroaneurysm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although RRH is a relatively non-progressive condition, its complications may lead to vision loss and should be treated in time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Box 639, Shandong PRC 250012, China. qinxuejiao@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xue-jiao
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence