title: Health plan retention and pharmacy costs of newly diagnosed patients with chronic kidney disease in a managed care population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease is prevalent in the United States, and diabetes and hypertension cause up to two thirds of all new cases. Many health plans believe that these patients do not retain their health plans for a long duration, therefore plans do not focus on prevention for this disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine health plan retention rates and direct healthcare costs of adults with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease with diabetes or hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31,917 patients with chronic kidney disease were included in this study between January 1995 and December 2006, using a managed care database. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups for cost comparison-patients with chronic kidney disease only (n = 8836), those with chronic kidney disease with diabetes (n = 11,252), and patients with chronic kidney disease with hypertension (n = 20,836). Follow-up of patients from index period of initial kidney disease diagnosis was 5 years. Average enrollment duration was 38 months; 60% of all patients remained enrolled at 3 years postdiagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes and those with chronic kidney disease and hypertension remained enrolled slightly longer than chronic kidney disease-only patients (39 months, 40 months, and 36 months, respectively). The largest number of claims was for inpatient medical, followed by pharmacy and laboratory. Mean annual direct healthcare costs were higher for patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes ($20,165) and those with chronic kidney disease and hypertension ($17,612) compared with patients with chronic kidney disease only ($9390).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings indicate that most patients who are newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease retain their health plan affiliation for a considerable period, including those with diabetes or hypertension. Increased direct healthcare costs were associated with the presence of comorbidities in patients with chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Senior Manager, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Centocor Ortho Biotech Services, LLC, Horsham, PA.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubacki
authors.affiliation: Associate Director, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Centocor Ortho Biotech Services, LLC, Horsham, PA.
authors.forename: Chureen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Senior Manager, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Centocor Ortho Biotech Services, LLC, Horsham, PA.
authors.forename: Alan D L
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Associate Director, Biostatistics, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Centocor Ortho Biotech Services, LLC, Horsham, PA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Regional Associate Director, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Centocor Ortho Biotech Services, LLC, Horsham, PA.
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Vice President, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Centocor Ortho Biotech Services, LLC, Horsham, PA.
authors.forename: Catherine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Piech