title: [Thromboprophylaxis and platelet aggregation inhibitors in spinal surgery: perioperative management].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The perioperative use of anticoagulants (AC) and platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAI) in the field of spinal surgery suggests an increased rate of epidural bleeding. However, evidence is lacking and these medications are most often indispensable in the prevention of thromboembolic complications. Comprehensive recommendations for the correct use of AC and PAI are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was an analysis of the current situation with regards to the use of AC and PAI in spinal surgery and development of new recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent surveys on the perioperative use of AC and PAI were obtained from centers for spinal surgery in Germany. The study obtained information on the perioperative use of AC and PAI, risk assessment of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events as well as on the type and extent of the substance groups used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost the entire patient collective (98%) received perioperative low molecular weight heparin. In 64% the medical prophylaxis was started before surgery and in 36% after surgery. The period of prophylaxis was determined arbitrarily. Approximately 40% of interviewees employed paravertebral infiltration and 19% injected into the epidural space in patients on PAI medication. Open spinal canal surgery was performed in 30% of PAI medicated patients and closed spinal canal surgery was executed in 40%. The risk assessment of PAI differed significantly between aspirin and receptor blocker medication as well as dual administration of PAI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of AC and PAI in spinal surgery in Germany is very heterogeneous and large deviations from the guidelines frequently occurred. Therefore, there is a strong need for further studies to accurately assess the perioperative use of AC and PAI and to formulate precise recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, Schön Klinik Neustadt, Am Kiebitzberg 10, 23730, Neustadt in Holstein, Deutschland, mquante@schoen-kliniken.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quante
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.forename: M J K
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klasen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bullmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D046748:Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000592:standards; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011292:Premedication / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors