title: A community-based survey for different abnormal glucose metabolism among pregnant women in a random household study (SAUDI-DM).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a population known to have a high prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A household random population-based cross-sectional study of 13,627 women in the childbearing age, who were subjected to fasting plasma glucose if they were not known to have been diagnosed before with any type of diabetes. GDM cases were diagnosed using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IAPSG) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall GDM prevalence was 36.6%, categorised into 32.4% new cases and 4.2% known cases. Another 3.6% had preconception type 1 or 2 diabetes. GDM cases were older and had a significantly higher body mass index, in addition to a higher rate of macrocosmic baby and history of GDM. Monthly income, educational level, living in urban areas and smoking were not found to be significantly different between normal and GDM cases. The most important and significant risk factors for GDM were history of GDM, macrosomic baby, obesity and age >30 years. However, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein, family history of diabetes and increased triglycerides did not show any significant effect on GDM prevalence in this cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This society is facing a real burden of abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy, where almost half of the pregnant women are subjected to maternal and neonatal complications. Early screening of pregnant women, especially those at a high risk for GDM, is mandatory to identify and manage those cases.
authors.affiliation: University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Rubeaan
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hamad A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Manaa
authors.affiliation: Gulf Corporation Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tawfik A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khoja
authors.affiliation: University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amira M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Al-Sharqawi
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Najlaa A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Diabetes & Endocrinology