title: MR spectroscopic evidence of brain injury in the non-diagnosed collision sport athlete.
abstract: With growing evidence of long-term neurological damage in individuals enduring repetitive head trauma, it is critical to detect lower-level damage accumulation for the early diagnosis of injury in at-risk populations. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic scans of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex were collected from high school American (gridiron) football athletes, prior to and during their competition seasons. Although no concussions were diagnosed, significant metabolic deviations from baseline and non-collision sport controls were revealed. Overall the findings indicate underlying biochemical changes, consequential to repetitive hits, which have previously gone unnoticed due to a lack of traditional neurological symptoms.
authors.affiliation: a Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana.
authors.forename: Victoria N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Kausar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Trey E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Shenk
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Breedlove
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Breedlove
authors.forename: Meghan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Leverenz
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nauman
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Talavage
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dydak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers