title: Diurnal and twenty-four hour patterning of human diseases: cardiac, vascular, and respiratory diseases, conditions, and syndromes.
abstract: Various medical conditions, disorders, and syndromes exhibit predictable-in-time diurnal and 24 h patterning in the signs, symptoms, and grave nonfatal and fatal events, e.g., respiratory ones of viral and allergic rhinorrhea, reversible (asthma) and non-reversible (bronchitis and emphysema) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, high altitude pulmonary edema, and decompression sickness; cardiac ones of atrial premature beats and tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 3rd degree atrial-ventricular block, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, symptomatic and non-symptomatic angina pectoris, Prinzmetal vasospastic variant angina, acute (non-fatal and fatal) incidents of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac arrest, in-bed sudden death syndrome of type-1 diabetes, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and heart failure; vascular and circulatory system ones of hypertension, acute orthostatic postprandial, micturition, and defecation hypotension/syncope, intermittent claudication, venous insufficiency, standing occupation leg edema, arterial and venous branch occlusion of the eye, menopausal hot flash, sickle cell syndrome, abdominal, aortic, and thoracic dissections, pulmonary thromboembolism, and deep venous thrombosis, and cerebrovascular transient ischemic attack and hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Knowledge of these temporal patterns not only helps guide patient care but research of their underlying endogenous mechanisms, i.e., circadian and others, and external triggers plus informs the development and application of effective chronopreventive and chronotherapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA. Electronic address: Michael.H.Smolensky@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Smolensky
authors.affiliation: Hospital S. Anna and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Portaluppi
authors.affiliation: Hospital S. Anna and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hermida
authors.affiliation: Hospital S. Anna and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Ruana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiseo
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research and the Department of Pathology, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sackett-Lundeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research and the Department of Pathology, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Erhard L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Haus
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Circadian rhythm; Diurnal; Heart; Human disease; Morbidity; Mortality; Respiratory; Symptom intensity; Time-of-day; Vasculature