title: US trends in receipt of appropriate diabetes clinical and self-care from 2001 to 2010 and racial/ethnic disparities in care.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine trends in the receipt of 8 recommended diabetes clinical and self-care indicators from 2001 to 2010 and assess racial/ethnic disparities in care.
  
  
  
  This observational study examined receipt of A1C tests, annual eye and foot exams, flu vaccination, diabetes self-management education (DSME), exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and self feet examinations among US adults with diabetes using national survey data from 2001 to 2010. Analyses included estimating proportions for each indicator by year, testing differences in magnitude of change from 2001 to 2010 by race/ethnicity, and regression models to assess changes in care over time and factors associated with care.
  
  
  
  There were significant increases from 2001 to 2010 in A1C tests, annual foot exams, flu shots, DSME, and SMBG but declines in eye and self feet exams. DSME was positively associated with receipt of several care indicators. However, only half of respondents received DSME. White and black non-Hispanics, respectively, experienced improvements in at least 3 indicators. Hispanics experienced a significant increase in exercise but were consistently less likely than whites to receive or engage in most care.
  
  
  
  While improvements in several indicators were observed, patterns varied by race/ethnicity, with Hispanics falling short on most measures. DSME was strongly associated with most care and demonstrates the potential to improve receipt of recommended care by increasing DSME participation. With the Affordable Care Act (ACA), health professionals have a prime opportunity to leverage ACA provisions to increase access to recommended services, including DSME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washingon (Drs Chen, Johnson, and Duran)
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute-Center for Community Health and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington (Dr Cheadle)
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheadle
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washingon (Drs Chen, Johnson, and Duran)
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washingon (Drs Chen, Johnson, and Duran)
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human