title: Sapodilla plum (Achras sapota) induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor progression in mice.
abstract: Intake of fruits rich in antioxidants in daily diet is suggested to be cancer preventive. Sapota is a tropical fruit grown and consumed extensively in several countries including India and Mexico. Here we show that methanolic extracts of Sapota fruit (MESF) induces cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis suggested activation of apoptosis, without arresting cell cycle progression. Annexin V-propidium iodide double-staining demonstrated that Sapota fruit extracts potentiate apoptosis rather than necrosis in cancer cells. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of proapoptotic proteins, activation of MCL-1, PARP-1, and Caspase 9 suggest that MESF treatment leads to activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. More importantly, we show that MESF treatment leads to significant inhibition of tumor growth and a 3-fold increase in the life span of tumor bearing animals compared to untreated tumor mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Mrinal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Kishore K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chiruvella
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India.
authors.forename: Jinsha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Souvari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India.
authors.forename: Bibha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Sathees C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Raghavan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts