title: Effect of preoxidation on the bond strength of titanium and porcelain.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preoxidation on porcelain titanium- bond strength and the effect of paste bonder (adhesive) on the titanium porcelain bond strength. 11 specimens of commercially pure titanium (26 x 7 x 3 mm) were prepared by different heat treatments in programmable dental furnace. Identification of the oxides formed on the metal surface was conducted with an X-Ray diffractometer with CuKalpha radiation. Vickers hardness numbers were determine. Additional 50 specimens of commercially pure titanium were used to bond with low fusing porcelain. The bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine. X-ray diffraction analysis of the surface of pure titanium revealed that the relative peak intensity of alpha -Ti decreased and that of TiO2 increased with increasing firing temperature. The Vickers hardness number decreased initially as the temperature increased but it increased remarkably above 900 degrees C & was harder in air than vacuum. The tensile shear bond strength was highest in the green stage i.e. without preoxidation of metal, and decreased above 900 degrees C, and was the lowest in the group without paste bonder application. The difference in bond strengths was statistically highly significant for all groups. Preoxidation under vacuum before porcelain firing can effectively improve bonding. The adhesive provided with the low fusing porcelain helps in the bond between titanium & porcelain.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mahale
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nagda
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000388:Air; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014618:Vacuum; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003764:Dental Materials; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide