title: Diabetes and ischemic heart disease: double jeopardy with regard to depressive mood and reduced quality of life.
abstract: The aim of this study was to test i) whether patients having diabetes and ischemic heart disease (IHD), i.e., patients suffering from two chronic diseases, demonstrate a higher degree of chronic stress when compared with patients suffering from IHD alone, and ii) whether suffering from the two chronic diseases results in an elevation in specific elements of the chronic stress concept. A total of 361 participants with IHD were included, of whom 47 suffered from concomitant diabetes. Stress was measured by pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) and by the following questionnaires: the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), the SF-36 Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36 QOL), the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and the clinical stress signs (CSSs) scale. Participants with diabetes and IHD had a higher MDI score, a lower SF-36 physical component summary score, and a lower score of several sub-measurements of the SF-36 mental component score when compared with patients with IHD without diabetes. No significant differences were observed regarding stress measured by the PPS measure, the WHO-5 Well-being Index, or the number of CSSs. In conclusion, the combination of diabetes and IHD seems to be associated with increased depressive symptoms, lower overall physical QOL, and reduced mental QOL on several sub-elements of the questionnaire. This should be recognized in the management of patients with double diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark n.c.bergmann@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballegaard
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmager
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjalmarson
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyntelberg
authors.affiliation: Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of EndocrinologyHerlev University Hospital, Herlev, DenmarkUll Care A/SHellerup, DenmarkPsychiatric Research UnitPsychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, DenmarkThe Cardiovascular InstituteSahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, SwedenThe National Research Center for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faber
keywords: depressive symptoms; diabetes; ischemic heart disease; pressure pain sensitivity; psychological stress; well-being