title: The requirement for protein kinase C delta (PRKCD) during preimplantation bovine embryo development.
abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) delta (PRKCD) is a member of the novel PKC subfamily that regulates gene expression in bovine trophoblast cells. Additional functions for PRKCD in early embryonic development in cattle have not been fully explored. The objectives of this study were to describe the expression profile of PRKCD mRNA in bovine embryos and to examine its biological roles during bovine embryo development. Both PRKCD mRNA and protein are present throughout early embryo development and increases in mRNA abundance are evident at morula and blastocyst stages. Phosphorylation patterns are consistent with detection of enzymatically active PRKCD in bovine embryos. Exposure to a pharmacological inhibitor (rottlerin) during early embryonic development prevented development beyond the eight- to 16-cell stage. Treatment at or after the 16-cell stage reduced blastocyst development rates, total blastomere numbers and inner cell mass-to-trophoblast cell ratio. Exposure to the inhibitor also decreased basal interferon tau (IFNT) transcript abundance and abolished fibroblast growth factor-2 induction of IFNT expression. Furthermore, trophoblast adhesion and proliferation was compromised in hatched blastocysts. These observations provide novel insights into PRKCD mRNA expression profiles in bovine embryos and provide evidence for PRKCD-dependent regulation of embryonic development, gene expression and post-hatching events.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adaption and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China.
authors.forename: Qi-En
authors.initials: QE
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Sally E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ealy
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001578:Benzopyrans; D007370:Interferon Type I; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C020947:interferon tau; C085746:rottlerin; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta