title: Formation and structures of GroEL:GroES2 chaperonin footballs, the protein-folding functional form.
abstract: The GroE chaperonins assist substrate protein (SP) folding by cycling through several conformational states. With each cycle the SP is, in turn, captured, unfolded, briefly encapsulated (t1/2 ∼ 1 s), and released by the chaperonin complex. The protein-folding functional form is the US-football-shaped GroEL:GroES2 complex. We report structures of two such "football" complexes to ∼ 3.7-Å resolution; one is empty whereas the other contains encapsulated SP in both chambers. Although encapsulated SP is not visible on the electron density map, using calibrated FRET and order-of-addition experiments we show that owing to SP-catalyzed ADP/ATP exchange both chambers of the football complex encapsulate SP efficiently only if the binding of SP precedes that of ATP. The two rings of GroEL thus behave as a parallel processing machine, rather than functioning alternately. Compared with the bullet-shaped GroEL:GroES1 complex, the GroEL:GroES2 football complex differs conformationally at the GroEL-GroES interface and also at the interface between the two GroEL rings. We propose that the electrostatic interactions between the ε-NH(3+) of K105 of helix D in one ring with the negatively charged carboxyl oxygen of A109 at the carboxyl end of helix D of the other ring provide the structural basis for negative inter-ring cooperativity.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biological Structure and Organization.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Center for Biological Structure and Organization, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: LaRonde
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biological Structure and Organization, Biochemistry Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 glorimer@umd.edu.
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lorimer
mesh_terms: D018835:Chaperonin 10 / Q000737:chemistry*; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000737:chemistry*; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008956:Models, Chemical; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D016963:Thermus thermophilus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018835:Chaperonin 10; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D018833:Chaperonins
keywords: crystal structure; encapsulation; order-of-ligand-addition; symmetric