title: Repetition probability effects for inverted faces.
abstract: It has been shown, that the repetition related reduction of the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal is modulated by the probability of repetitions (P(rep)) for faces (Summerfield et al., 2008), providing support for the predictive coding (PC) model of visual perception (Rao and Ballard, 1999). However, the stage of face processing where repetition suppression (RS) is modulated by P(rep) is still unclear. Face inversion is known to interrupt higher level configural/holistic face processing steps and if modulation of RS by P(rep) takes place at these stages of face processing, P(rep) effects are expected to be reduced for inverted when compared to upright faces. Therefore, here we aimed at investigating whether P(rep) effects on RS observed for face stimuli originate at the higher-level configural/holistic stages of face processing by comparing these effects for upright and inverted faces. Similarly to previous studies, we manipulated P(rep) for pairs of stimuli in individual blocks of fMRI recordings. This manipulation significantly influenced repetition suppression in the posterior FFA, the OFA and the LO, independently of stimulus orientation. Our results thus reveal that RS in the ventral visual stream is modulated by P(rep) even in the case of face inversion and hence strongly compromised configural/holistic face processing. An additional whole-brain analysis could not identify any areas where the modulatory effect of probability was orientation specific either. These findings imply that P(rep) effects on RS might originate from the earlier stages of face processing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Am Steiger 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: mareike.grotheer@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grotheer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter str. 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: hermann.petra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: vidnyanszky.zoltan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vidnyánszky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Am Steiger 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: gyula.kovacs@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovács
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011336:Probability; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Expectation; Faces; Inversion; Prediction; Repetition suppression