title: Evaluation of stationary phases packed with superficially porous particles for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds using supercritical fluid chromatography.
abstract: Superficially porous particles (SPP), or core shell particles, which consist of a non-porous silica core surrounded by a thin shell of porous silica, have gained popularity as a solid support for chromatography over the last decade. In the present study, five unbonded silica, one diol, and two ethylpyridine (2-ethyl and 4-ethyl) SPP columns were evaluated under SFC conditions using two mixtures, one with 17 drug-like compounds and the other one with 7 drug-like basic compounds. Three of the SPP phases, SunShell™ 2-ethylpyridine (2-EP), Poroshell™ HILIC, and Ascentis(®) Express HILIC, exhibited superior performances relative to the others (reduced theoretical plate height (hmin) values of 1.9-2.5 for neutral compounds). When accounting for both achievable plate count and permeability of the support using kinetic plot evaluation, the Cortecs™ HILIC 1.6μm and Ascentis(®) Express HILIC 2.7μm phases were found to be the best choices among tested SPPs to reach efficiencies up to 30,000 plates in the minimum amount of time. For desired efficiencies ranging from 30,000 to 60,000 plates, the SunShell™ 2-EP 2.6μm column clearly outperformed all other SPPs. With the addition of a mobile phase additive such as 10mM ammonium formate, which was required to elute the basic components with sharp peaks, the Poroshell™ HILIC, SunShell™ Diol and SunShell™ 2-EP phases represent the most orthogonal SPP columns with the highest peak capacities. This study demonstrates the obvious benefits of using columns packed with SPP on current SFC instrumentation.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandre Grand-Guillaume
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Perrenoud
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. Electronic address: bill.farrell@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aurigemma
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Aurigemma
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guillarme
mesh_terms: D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011725:Pyridines; C051672:2-ethylpyridine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: 2-Ethyl pyridine; 4-Ethyl pyridine; Core shell; Diol; HILIC; Superficially porous particles