title: In vitro and in vivo effects of xanthorrhizol on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with tamoxifen.
abstract: This study investigated the herb-drug interaction of xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen in human breast cancer cells. Using MCF-7 cell line as an in vitro model, the herb-drug interaction between xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen was measured by MTT assay, luciferase reporter assay, and cell cycle analysis. The effects of xanthorrhizol on growth/autophagy related signaling were determined by immunostaining, western blotting, and real time RT-PCR. Additionally, the in vivo effect of xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen on athymic nude mice implanted with MCF-7 cells was evaluated. When MCF-7 cells were co-treated with tamoxifen and xanthorrhizol, there were no significant changes in terms of cell number, luciferase activity, percentage S-phase cells and LC3-II expression. However, using the MCF-7 implanted nude mice model, it was possible to detect significantly increased tumor volumes, a larger tumor size, and increased protein expression of P38 and P27(Kip1) in the xanthorrhizol + tamoxifen group compared to the tamoxifen-alone group. It can be concluded that while there is no significant herb-drug interaction between xanthorrhizol and tamoxifen in vitro, there is such an interaction in tumor-bearing mice, which provides important information that affects breast cancer treatment translational research.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nattanant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noomhorm
authors.forename: Chun-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Che-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Jir-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiun-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ling-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Wei-Shone
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jen-Hwey
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shyr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D010636:Phenols; C120248:xanthorrhizol; D013629:Tamoxifen; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D008156:Luciferases