title: Influence of HMB supplementation and resistance training on cytokine responses to resistance exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a multinutritional supplement including amino acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrates on cytokine responses to resistance exercise and training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen healthy, college-aged men were randomly assigned to a Muscle Armor™ (MA; Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH) or placebo supplement group and 12 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise protocol was administered at 0, 6, and 12 weeks of training. Venous blood samples at pre-, immediately post-, and 30-minutes postexercise were analyzed via bead multiplex immunoassay for 17 cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks of training, the MA group exhibited decreased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-10. IL-1β differed by group at various times. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) changed over the 12-week training period but did not differ by group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve weeks of resistance training alters the cytokine response to acute resistance exercise, and supplementation with HMB and amino acids appears to further augment this result.
authors.affiliation: a Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Disa L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.forename: Maren S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fragala
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Davitt
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortis
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Elaine C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Robert U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Courtenay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunn-Lewis
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Tunde K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Szivak
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D055070:Resistance Training; D014631:Valerates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C066507:CCL4 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; C573415:IFNG protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018977:Micronutrients; D014631:Valerates; D016753:Interleukin-10; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: immune function; muscle damage; myokine; nutrition; strength training