title: The prevalence of workaholism: a survey study in a nationally representative sample of Norwegian employees.
abstract: Workaholism has become an increasingly popular area for empirical study. However, most studies examining the prevalence of workaholism have used non-representative samples and measures with poorly defined cut-off scores. To overcome these methodological limitations, a nationally representative survey among employees in Norway (N = 1,124) was conducted. Questions relating to gender, age, marital status, caretaker responsibility for children, percentage of full-time equivalent, and educational level were asked. Workaholism was assessed by the use of a psychometrically validated instrument (i.e., Bergen Work Addiction Scale). Personality was assessed using the Mini-International Personality Item Pool. Results showed that the prevalence of workaholism was 8.3% (95% CI  = 6.7-9.9%). An adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that workaholism was negatively related to age and positively related to the personality dimensions agreeableness, neuroticism, and intellect/imagination. Implications for these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Competence Center, Bergen Clinics Foundation, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Cecilie Schou
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Andreassen
authors.affiliation: Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hetland
authors.affiliation: Department FISPPA - Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kravina
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Ståle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallesen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010551:Personality; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*