title: Combined submandibular gland flap and sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous flap for postoperative reconstruction in older aged patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The growth of aging populations in an increasing number of countries has led to a concomitant increase in the incidence of chronic diseases. Accordingly, the proportion of older aged patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers and comorbidities has also increased. Thus, improvements must be made in the tolerance and safety of surgical procedures for these patients with complex medical conditions. In this study, we investigated combined submandibular gland flap and sternocleidomastoid musculocutaneous flap for postoperative reconstruction in older aged patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in terms of surgical methods, safety, and clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2011 and May 2012, 8 patients over the age of 65 years (7 men, 1 woman; aged 66 to 75 years (median, 69.6)) with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers underwent combined submandibular gland and sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flaps for postoperative reconstruction at Ganzhou Tumor Hospital. All eight patients had comorbid cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or chronic respiratory disease or diabetes. Clinical outcomes, complications, and tolerance to surgical treatment were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical treatment was successful in all eight patients. All submandibular gland flaps survived with well-mucosalized surfaces and with no complications. During the postoperative follow-up period of 12 to 28 months, no patient developed local recurrence or distant metastasis, and all had good recovery of function and local contour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This combined reconstruction technique enables appropriate restoration of oral function, facial aesthetics and improved quality of life. Further, this technique has several advantages: it is easier to perform, reduces operation time and surgical risk, causes less surgical injury, and has minor impact on contour. The technique provides a new and safe reconstruction option for older aged patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers.
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Folin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Keqing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, 19, HuaYuan Qian Road, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. Lsj1362@126.com.
authors.forename: Shaojin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap / Q000601:surgery*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013247:Sternoclavicular Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps