title: New insights into HLA-G mediated tolerance.
abstract: Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule with well-characterized immunomodulatory activities. HLA-G was first described as a regulatory molecule that allows the fetus to elude the maternal immune response. In the last decade it has become evident that HLA-G is involved in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, in maintaining tolerance in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and after transplantation, and in promoting immune escape in cancer and infectious diseases. HLA-G exerts its modulatory/regulatory functions directly by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors. The expression of HLA-G is finely tuned by genetic variations in the noncoding region of the locus. The recent discovery of dendritic cells-10 (DC-10) as naturally occurring HLA-G-expressing dendritic cells opens new perspectives in the identification of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HLA-G-mediated tolerance. An overview on the HLA-G-mediated inhibition of innate and adaptive immune cells, on the genetic influence on HLA-G expression, and on HLA-G-expressing DC-10 is presented. Moreover, we discuss the central and critical role of DC-10 in the HLA-G-mediated tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sales de Albuquerque
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gregori
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D059951:HLA-G Antigens
keywords: HLA-G; T regulatory type 1 cells; fetal-maternal tolerance; immune escape; interleukin-10; tolerogenic dendritic cells