title: Implementation of tobacco cessation quitline practices in the United States and Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined relationships between implementation of tobacco quitline practices, levels of evidence of practices, and quitline reach and spending.
  
  
  METHODS
  In June and July 2009, a total of 176 quitline funders and providers in the United States and Canada completed a survey on quitline practices, in particular quitline-level implementation for the reported practices. From these data, we selected and categorized evidence-based and emerging quitline practices by the strength of the evidence for each practice to increase quitline efficacy and reach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of quitlines implementing each practice ranged from 3% (text messaging) to 92% (providing a multiple-call protocol). Implementation of practices showing higher levels of evidence for increasing either reach or efficacy showed moderate but significant positive correlations with both reach outcomes and spending levels. The strongest correlation was between reach outcomes and spending levels (r=0.80; P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strong relationship between quitline spending and reach reinforces the need to increase quitline funding to levels commensurate with national cessation goals.
authors.affiliation: Jessie E. Saul is with the Research Department, North American Quitline Consortium, Phoenix, AZ. Joseph A. Bonito is with the Department of Communication, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. At the time of the study, Keith Provan was with the Center for Management Innovations in Health Care, School of Government & Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson. Erin Ruppel is with the Department of Communication, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Scott J. Leischow is with the Mayo Clinic-Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Scottsdale.
authors.forename: Jessie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Saul
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bonito
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Provan
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruppel
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leischow
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003376:Counseling; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone; D060145:Text Messaging; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States