title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in salivary gland diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The roles of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in head and neck neoplasms have been well reported, but little is known about their relationship with salivary gland tumours. This study investigated the presence of HPV and EBV in salivary gland diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of HPV 16/18 and EBV was analysed in archival pathological specimens collected from patients who had undergone surgery for salivary gland diseases. HPV 16/18 DNA was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and further confirmed with immunohistochemistry. EBV DNA was detected using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 61 pathological specimens were examined: 39.5% (15/38) of pleomorphic adenomas, 33.3% (3/9) of Warthin's tumours, 33.3% (one of 3) of mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 25.0% (one of 4) of benign lymphoepithelial lesions were positive for high-risk HPV 16/18. Only two Warthin's tumours were positive for EBV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The infectious nature of salivary gland neoplasms was revealed by the high prevalence of HPV infection, and the specific presence of EBV in Warthin's tumours, suggesting a potential role for HPV and EBV in salivary gland diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Frank Cheau-Feng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Liang
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tang-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ru
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kee-Ching
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbour Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan tsaistella111@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stella Chin-Shaw
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Epstein-Barr virus; Salivary gland diseases; human papillomavirus; immunohistochemistry; nested polymerase chain reaction