title: Pediatric cochlear implant revision surgery and reimplantation: an analysis of 957 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study causes, risk factors, prevention strategies, diffuculties encountered during revision cochlear implant surgery, reimplantation in pediatric age group were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 957 CI patients younger than 18 years of age implanted at Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital between 1998 and July 2012 and 18 referred CI complications at same age group were retrospectively evaluated. Revision and reimplantation surgeries were systematically reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We encountered 26 surgical complications in 24 patients and 36 device related problems in 36 patients. Eighteen referred cases including 7 surgical complications and 11 device related problems were also evaluated. A total number of 80 complications were evaluated. In 11 cases conservative management was successful, 19 revision surgery was performed but we failed in 4 cases. We reimplanted 48 cases and 4 additional cases were implanted after failed revision surgery. Implant was extracted in one case. In one case we could implant the other side. Forty-six of reimplantations were done in one stage surgery, 5 cases required second stage surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical complications and device related problems of cochlear implantation may be different in children and majority of them require revision surgery or reimplantation. Although surgical problems leading to revision surgery and reimplantation are expected to diminish by experience every center has to deal with device failures. Both revision surgery and reimplantation require extra care and it should be better carried out by experienced surgeons. Implant performances are expected to be comparable with primary implantations.
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: yuksel.olgun@deu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Olgun
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asuman Feda
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolgahan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Catli
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Emrah
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ruhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Duzenli
authors.affiliation: Izmir Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olgun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cochlear implantation; Reimplantation; Revision surgery