title: 6,6'-Bieckol inhibits adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brown algae have been used for their nutritional value as well as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-obesity effects. Obesity is an important condition implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. However, anti-obesity effects of Eisenia bicyclis remain unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the anti-obesity effects of 6,6'-bieckol, 6,8'-bieckol, 8,8'-bieckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A isolated from E. bicyclis. Anti-obesity activity was evaluated by examining the inhibition of differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCATT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) at the mRNA and protein level. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with the purified phlorotannins at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 µg mL(-1) for 8 days. The results indicated that the purified phlorotannins suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, without toxic effects. Among the five compounds, 6,6'-bieckol markedly decreased lipid accumulation and expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c (mRNA and protein), and fatty acid synthase and acyl-coA carboxylase (mRNA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that E. bicyclis suppressed differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea.|Food Science and Biotechnology Major, Andong National University, Andong, 760-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hyung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Biotechnology Major, Andong National University, Andong, 760-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Shik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Gyeongsan, 712-210, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: O Jun
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, 712-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Biotechnology Major, Andong National University, Andong, 760-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taewan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nyun-Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019735:Carbon-Carbon Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004147:Dioxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D047495:PPAR gamma; C503840:dieckol; C064093:phlorofucofuroeckol A; C062360:6,6'-bieckol; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I; D019735:Carbon-Carbon Ligases; C018757:acyl-CoA carboxylase
keywords: 3T3-L1; adipogenesis; anti-obesity; lipogenesis; phlorotannins