title: An appraisal of clinicopathological parameters in Japanese encephalitis and changing epidemiological trends in upper Assam, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Japanese encephalitis (JE), an acute mosquito-borne viral disease, is one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in the South-East Asian region. JE is endemic in Assam. The morbidity and mortality due to JE is significant with outbreaks every year during the monsoons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study the clinicopathological profile of JE; to examine their role in predicting disease outcome; and to document the increase in the incidence of JE among the adult population in this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically suspected acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases admitted in Assam Medical College and Hospital during the period of May 2011 to April 2012 were tested by JE virus specific Immunoglobulin M capture ELISA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 424 AES cases, 194 were JE positive. The occurrence of JE in adults was higher (P < 0.001) than the pediatric age group. The study recorded a high rate of renal dysfunction in JE cases. A single case of JE induced abortion and two cases of JE-neurocysticercosis co-infections were documented. Regression analysis revealed that adult population, unconsciousness, paresis and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level were associated with a worse prognosis in JE cases. Mortality in JE positive cases was higher than the JE negative cases (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study attempts to highlight the role played by a combination of clinical and laboratory parameters in assessing the severity and outcome in JE and may help in directing the limited medical resources toward those that need it the most.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory (ICMR), Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Saurav Jyoti
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Patgiri
authors.forename: Achinta K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Borthakur
authors.forename: Biswajyoti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borkakoty
authors.forename: Lahari
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saikia
authors.forename: Ridip
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Sanjib K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Phukan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M