title: Peritoneal air exposure elicits an intestinal inflammation resulting in postoperative ileus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI) is complex. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of peritoneal air exposure on the POI intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (6/group): the control group, the sham group, and three exposure groups with peritoneal air exposure for 1, 2, or 3 h. At 24 h after surgery, we analyzed the gastrointestinal transit, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, the myeloperoxidase activity, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the ileum and colon. The oxidant and antioxidant levels in the ileum and colon were analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peritoneal air exposure caused an air-exposure-time-dependent decrease in the gastrointestinal transit. The length of peritoneal air exposure is correlated with the severity of both systemic and intestinal inflammations and the increases in the levels of MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The length of peritoneal air exposure is proportional to the degree of intestinal paralysis and the severity of intestinal inflammation, which is linked to the oxidative stress response.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Shanjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wenkui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Qiyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Kaipeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Jieshou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2042-3014
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D045823:Ileus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000276:immunology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase