title: Mortality reduction in relation to implantable cardioverter defibrillator programming in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The benefit of novel implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) programming in reducing inappropriate ICD therapy and mortality was demonstrated in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT). However, the cause of mortality reduction remains incompletely evaluated. We aimed to identify factors associated with mortality, with focus on ICD therapy and programming in the MADIT-RIT population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MADIT-RIT, 1500 patients with a primary prophylactic indication for ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator were randomized to 1 of 3 different ICD programming arms: conventional programming (ventricular tachycardia zone ≥170 beats per minute), high-rate programming (ventricular tachycardia zone ≥200 beats per minute), and delayed programming (60-second delay before therapy ≥170 beats per minute). Multivariate Cox models were used to assess the influence of time-dependent appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapy (shock and antitachycardia pacing) and randomized programming arm on all-cause mortality. During an average follow-up of 1.4±0.6 years, 71 of 1500 (5%) patients died: cardiac in 40 patients (56.3%), noncardiac in 23 patients (32.4%), and unknown in 8 patients (11.3%). Appropriate shocks (hazard ratio, 6.32; 95% confidence interval, 3.13-12.75; P<0.001) and inappropriate therapy (hazard ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-5.31; P=0.01) were significantly associated with an increased mortality risk. There was no evidence of increased mortality risk in patients who experienced appropriate antitachycardia pacing only (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-2.88; P=0.98). Randomization to conventional programming was identified as an independent predictor of death when compared with patients randomized to high-rate programming (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.71; P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In MADIT-RIT, appropriate shocks, inappropriate ICD therapy, and randomization to conventional ICD programming were independently associated with an increased mortality risk. Appropriate antitachycardia pacing was not related to an adverse outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00947310.
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Anne-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ruwald
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuger
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kutyifa
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olshansky
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cannom
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: N A Mark
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ruwald
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McNitt
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kautzner
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoda
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilber
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.).
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zareba
authors.affiliation: From the Heart Research Follow-up Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (A.-C.R., A.J.M., V.K., M.H.R., D.T.H., H.K., S.M., C.A.B., M.W.B., W.Z.); Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (A.-C.R., M.H.R.); Division of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (C.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City (B.O.); St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (H.G.); Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); Cardiology Division, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.C.); New England Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.A.M.E.); Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R.G.); Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (J.K.); Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (M.S.); Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (D.W.); and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.P.D.). daube001@duke.edu.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Daubert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012307:Risk Factors; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: arrhythmias, cardiac; mortality