title: Clinical applications of end-to-side neurorrhaphy: an update.
abstract: End-to-side neurorrhaphy constitutes an interesting option to regain nerve function after damage in selected cases, in which conventional techniques are not feasible. In the last twenty years, many experimental and clinical studies have been conducted in order to understand the biological mechanisms and to test the effectiveness of this technique, with contrasting results. In this updated review, we consider the state of the art about end-to-side coaptation, focusing on all the current clinical applications, such as sensory and mixed nerve repair, treatment of facial palsy, and brachial plexus injuries and painful neuromas management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Microsurgery Unit, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tos
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Microsurgery Unit, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colzani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Microsurgery Unit, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciclamini
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Microsurgery Unit, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Titolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Microsurgery Unit, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Microsurgery Unit, AO Città della Salute e della Scienza, Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Artiaco
mesh_terms: D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D016067:Nerve Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures