title: The effectiveness of interventions for ageing workers on (early) retirement, work ability and productivity: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically summarise the literature on the effects of interventions for ageing workers that address work-related measures of sustainable employability, i.e. (early) retirement, work ability and work productivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was performed by searching five electronic databases for relevant studies published between January 1992 and February 2014. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental intervention studies were included. The study population included workers aged ≥40 years, and the measured outcomes were positive indicators of labour force participation, i.e. (early) retirement, work ability and work productivity. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed, and best-evidence synthesis was applied to draw conclusions about the evidence for the effectiveness of each outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions were diverse and ranged from individual (e.g. exercise) programmes to workplace programmes. Limited evidence for a favourable effect on early retirement was found. Insufficient evidence was found for the remaining outcomes, i.e. work ability and productivity, due to a lack of high-quality studies and consistent findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufficient and limited evidence is available for a favourable effect of interventions to promote work-related components of sustainable employability in ageing workers. This is due to a scarcity of RCTs and inconsistent findings between the limited number of studies. Additional intervention studies are needed to support evidence-based decision making to prolong a healthy and productive working life for ageing workers.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloostermans
authors.forename: Marga B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bekkers
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uiters
authors.forename: Karin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Proper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D004526:Efficiency; D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D012179:Retirement; D013192:Staff Development / Q000379:methods*