title: Association of serum uric acid levels to inflammation biomarkers and endothelial dysfunction in obese prepubertal children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High serum uric acid (SUA) levels are present in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), when the latter is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and hypertension. This increase in SUA levels may have a key role in cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to quantify the differences in inflammation biomarkers, endothelial dysfunction, and parameters associated with MetS in obese prepubertal children compared to non-obese children, and determine if there is a relationship between uric acid levels and these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out on obese children (6-9 yr old). The study included 43 obese children and the same number of non-obese children (control group), matched by age and sex. SUA, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and blood pressure were all measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SUA levels, CRP, and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in obese children. In the obese group, SUA levels showed a positive correlation with body mass index (BMI), insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), CRP, IL-6, sICAM-1, and triglycerides (TGs), and correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo-AI, but not with Apo-B. When adjusted for age, sex, and creatinine, it was noted that SUA levels are independent predictive factors for sICAM-1, CRP, and IL-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation biomarkers, endothelial dysfunction, and parameters associated with MetS are elevated in obese prepubertal children and correlate to uric acid levels.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Department, Valle de los Pedroches Hospital, Pozoblanco, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Health Center of Pozoblanco, IMIBIC Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martos
authors.affiliation: PAIDI Group TSH-329 (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cañete
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Medical Surgical Specialties Department, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: van Donkelaar
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Department, Valle de los Pedroches Hospital, Pozoblanco, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bermudo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Reina Sofía Hospital, School of Medicine Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.|School of Medicine Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cañete
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012995:Solubility; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: children; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation; obesity; uric acid