title: Gastroesophageal reflux and carcinoma of larynx or pharynx: a meta-analysis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis supported the proposition that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was associated with laryngeal cancer, particularly in the hospital-based control group and diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or esophageal pH monitoring. However, no significant association was found between GERD and pharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinoma. The conclusions are still debated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review of studies associated with the prevalence of GERD in laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer, published up to November 2013.Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random effects models or fixed effects models, according to heterogeneity I(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies were included in this meta-analysis. On average, GERD was significantly higher in the tumor tissue of the study group compared with normal tissue of the control group (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.50, 3.14; random effects analysis). The pooled ORs for laryngeal carcinoma were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.53-3.19; I(2) = 97, random effects model) and 3.76 (95% CI = 0.21-67.48; I(2) = 94, random effects model) for pharyngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: GERD; esophageal pH monitoring; esophagogastroduodenoscopy; laryngopharyngeal reflux