title: Symptoms after removal of ureteral stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urology practices frequently encounter individuals who experience various degrees of pain/discomfort after ureteral stent removal. These symptoms have been previously proved to greatly affect functionality, convalescence time, quality of life, and healthcare costs. The etiology is unclear, but the condition is often self-limiting. We counsel individuals on their risk of having post-ureteral stent removal pain based on anecdotal data. We sought to evaluate the incidence of post-ureteral stent removal pain and attempt to find the probable cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  All individuals who had a ureteral stent placed and subsequently removed for various etiologies (between January 2012 and May 2013) were evaluated by filling a survey conducted by a member of the healthcare team 1 to 3 weeks after ureteral stent removal. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to assess correlation between demographics, operative procedures, convalescent time, and post-ureteral stent removal symptoms. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS(®) software, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 104 individuals in the final cohort, 64% had symptoms after stent removal (pain, hematuria, frequency, urgency, or fever), and among those with symptoms, 60% experienced pain/discomfort. On univariate analysis, stone basketing and indwelling stent discomfort correlated positively with pain after stent removal. On the other hand, the use of anticholinergics and a longer indwelling stent duration were associated with less pain after stent removal. On multivariate analysis, correlation with procedures involving basket extraction and indwelling stent discomfort maintained significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series suggests that two of three individuals who undergo ureteral stent removal experience symptoms thereafter. Individuals undergoing stone basket extraction and those who experienced stent discomfort were more likely to have pain after stent removal. Anticholinergic use and stents indwelling for a longer time were associated with less pain after stent removal.
authors.affiliation: The Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: Nithin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Theckumparampil
authors.forename: Sammy E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Elsamra
authors.forename: Akinwunmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carons
authors.forename: Simpa S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Motola
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Zeph
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Okeke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D015607:Stents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*