title: An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infective endocarditis subsequent to coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe an endocarditis outbreak affecting three patients due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection post coronary angiography performed in the Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Medical Center of a private hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  After recognition of an infection cluster within a onemonth period, the outbreak was reported to Antalya Department of Health and a broad investigation was initiated in order to determine the most probable cause and/or source of nosocomial pseudomonal endocarditis. Patient data were obtained by medical record review as well as interviews with patients or their next of kin. Thirty-six surveillance samples for P. aeruginosa were collected from various locations within the coronary angiography unit. The outbreak research team reviewed the private hospital's Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Medical Center's infection control procedures. The epidemiology of P. aeruginosa was studied through analysis of phenotypic markers, including antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infection control audit revealed multiple breaches of infection control procedures. Only 1/36 environmental samples yielded, which was isolated from a radio-opaque solution within an angiography injector pump. P. aeruginosa from the radio-opaque solution had an identical antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to the strain isolated from patients. Both samples were susceptible to all antipseudomonal agents. This outbreak could have been successfully controlled by instituting combined infection control measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This outbreak emphasizes the important of adherence to infection control standards and practices for cardiac catheterization, as well as the need for closer collaboration between the Infection Control Committee and coronary angiography personnel.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seyman
authors.forename: Dilara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Nevgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sepin Ozen
authors.forename: Dilara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogunc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*