title: Effects of solvent evaporation on water sorption/solubility and nanoleakage of adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of solvent evaporation in the kinetics of water diffusion (water sorption-WS, solubility-SL, and net water uptake) and nanoleakage of adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disk-shaped specimens (5.0 mm in diameter x 0.8 mm in thickness) were produced (N=48) using the adhesives: Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3)/Kuraray, Clearfil SE Bond - control group (CSE)/Kuraray, Optibond Solo Plus (OS)/Kerr and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU)/3M ESPE. The solvents were either evaporated for 30 s or not evaporated (N=24/per group), and then photoactivated for 80 s (550 mW/cm2). After desiccation, the specimens were weighed and stored in distilled water (N=12) or mineral oil (N=12) to evaluate the water diffusion over a 7-day period. Net water uptake (%) was also calculated as the sum of WS and SL. Data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (α=5%). The nanoleakage expression in three additional specimens per group was also evaluated after ammoniacal silver impregnation after 7 days of water storage under SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed that only the factor "adhesive" was significant (p<0.05). Solvent evaporation had no influence in the WS and SL of the adhesives. CSE (control) presented significantly lower net uptake (5.4%). The nanoleakage was enhanced by the presence of solvent in the adhesives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the evaporation has no effect in the kinetics of water diffusion, the nanoleakage expression of the adhesives tested increases when the solvents are not evaporated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Baumgratz Cachapuz
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Chimeli
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Group, School of Dentistry, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Perlatti
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: D'Alpino
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Nóbrega
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hilgert
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Group, School of Dentistry, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Hipólito
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Cristina Pimentel
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003763:Dental Leakage; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C428805:OptiBond SOLO; D019279:Resin Cements; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C041330:Scotchbond