title: High-throughput DNA microarray detection of pathogenic bacteria in shallow well groundwater in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.
abstract: Because of heavy dependence on groundwater for drinking water and other domestic use, microbial contamination of groundwater is a serious problem in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This study investigated comprehensively the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in shallow well groundwater in the Kathmandu Valley by applying DNA microarray analysis targeting 941 pathogenic bacterial species/groups. Water quality measurements found significant coliform (fecal) contamination in 10 of the 11 investigated groundwater samples and significant nitrogen contamination in some samples. The results of DNA microarray analysis revealed the presence of 1-37 pathogen species/groups, including 1-27 biosafety level 2 ones, in 9 of the 11 groundwater samples. While the detected pathogens included several feces- and animal-related ones, those belonging to Legionella and Arthrobacter, which were considered not to be directly associated with feces, were detected prevalently. This study could provide a rough picture of overall pathogenic bacterial contamination in the Kathmandu Valley, and demonstrated the usefulness of DNA microarray analysis as a comprehensive screening tool of a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan, d.inoue@kitasato-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hinoura
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Junqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Rabin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malla
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Saroj Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chapagain
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ike
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sei
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D060587:Groundwater / Q000382:microbiology*; D009390:Nepal; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water