title: Retrospective clinical evaluation of hypobaric spinal anaesthesia in dogs undergoing pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate intraoperative effects, complications, postoperative rescue analgesia requirement and presence of postoperative unilateral blockade after hypobaric spinal anaesthesia in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of case records of dogs that underwent pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery and received hypobaric spinal anaesthesia. Cases that contained complete information on perioperative analgesia, end tidal anaesthetic agent, arterial blood pressure, postoperative urination, motor function and assessment at the sixth week re-examination were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four of forty-eight records were sufficiently complete to meet the selection criteria. Local anaesthetic dose and volume of the solution administered were 0 · 22 (±0 · 06) mg/kg and 0 · 16 (±0 · 05) mL/kg, respectively. Fentanyl was administered intraoperatively in seven dogs (29%); mean ± sd end-expired isoflurane was 1 · 09 ± 0 · 17%; hypotension was observed in nine dogs (37 · 5%). Unilateral blockade was documented in 18 dogs (75%); 6 dogs (25%) required methadone postoperatively; urinary retention was not observed. One dog developed steroid responsive meningitis arteritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypobaric spinal anaesthesia achieved unilateral postoperative pelvic limb motor blockade in dogs, although bilateral block occurred in a proportion of animals; intraoperative hypotension was not infrequent. Fentanyl and postoperative methadone might be required to control nociception and pain, despite technical success in performing spinal anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Gennaro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vettorato
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corletto
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006428:Hemipelvectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000601:surgery; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine