title: Metabolomic profiling of serum in the progression of Alzheimer's disease by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
abstract: There is high interest in the discovery of early diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, for which metabolomics exhibits a great potential. In this work, a metabolomic approach based on ultrafiltration and analysis by CE-MS has been used to obtain representative fingerprints of polar metabolites from serum samples in order to distinguish between patients with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy controls. By the use of partial least squares discriminant analysis it was possible to classify patients according to the disease stage and then identify potential markers. Significant increase was observed with progression of disease in levels of choline, creatinine, asymmetric dimethyl-arginine, homocysteine-cysteine disulfide, phenylalanyl-phenylalanine, and different medium chain acylcarnitines. On the other hand, asparagine, methionine, histidine, carnitine, acetyl-spermidine, and C5-carnitine were reduced in these serum samples. In this way, multiple essential pathways were found implicated in the underlying pathology, such as oxidative stress or defects in energy metabolism. However, the most interesting results are related to the association of several vascular risk factors with Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CC.MM, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Domínguez
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Barrera
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbas
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ariza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; CE-MS; Metabolomics; Mild cognitive impairment