title: Effects of postural control manipulation on visuomotor training performance: comparative data in healthy athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visuomotor ability is an important parameter for neurologic function and effective sport performance. Adding a balance challenge during a structured eye-hand coordination task, such as hitting lights on a light board (Dynavision™), has not been previously reported. Using Division I football players, the aim of this study was to determine normative data on a dual-task performance regimen combining a visuomotor light board task with a balance task. The intent is to use such normative data and baseline data as part of a concussion management program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Division I college football team members, n=105, were consented. Subjects first performed Dynavision™ D2™ Visuomotor Training Device (D2™) eye-hand coordination tasks, the A* and the RT; they then performed the same tasks with an added balance challenge, standing on a BOSU® ball.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four athletes completed the full testing procedure on the D2™ system. The mean score of the A* test was 93 ± 11.0 hits per minute; and the mean on the A* test with the added BOSU® balance challenge was 83.7 ± 9.2 hits per minute. The mean RT time was 0.33 ± 0.036 seconds. Mean reaction time increased to 0.38 ± 0.063 while the subject stood on the BOSU® ball. Performance on the D2™ A* and RT were both statistically significantly different in the dual task condition (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show an approximate 10% decline in D2™ performance when healthy individuals stand on a BOSU® ball. From the data presented here, the authors determined that there is a 10% decrement in performance when one's balance is challenged on the BOSU® ball. A fall in performance of substantially greater than 10% may indicate abnormal vestibulocerebellar regulatory processing of balance and motion. Further research, using these normative data is needed to determine more specific parameters for definitions of impairment and return-to-play and if there is utility for such studies as part of a concussion management program.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Sports Physical Therapy Clinical Residency, NovaCare, Rehabilitation/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bigsby
authors.affiliation: Athletic Director of Sports Medicine and Director of Sports Physical Therapy Clinical Residency, NovaCare, Rehabilitation/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mangine
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Head Athletic Trainer, NovaCare, Rehabilitation/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bixenmann
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Antonia W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Susaret
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Manager, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hasselfeld
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Angelo J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Colosimo
keywords: Balance; Dynavision™; concussion; postural control; vestibular