title: Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Olympic-Weightlifting session training at three times of the day on the performance related to biochemical responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in randomised order, on three Olympic-Weightlifting training (snatch, clean and jerk) sessions (08:00 a.m., 02:00 p. m., 06:00 p. m.). Blood samples were collected: before, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Haematological parameters and markers of muscle injury were assessed. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed during each session. ANOVA showed that the performance was better (P < 0.001) at 02:00 p. m. with a less RPE (P < 0.01) compared to the morning and the evening sessions while there was higher (P < 0.05) oral temperature at 06:00 p. m. versus 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p. m. Muscle damage changed immediately (without significant effect after 48 h) after the training sessions with lower values ​​in the evening compared to the morning. In conclusion, the afternoon training is more effective than morning or evening sessions for weightlifters. Therefore, coaches and weightlifters should be advised to schedule their training session in the afternoon hour.
authors.affiliation: a Research Unit (EM2S) , High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Achraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammar
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chtourou
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trabelsi
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padulo
authors.forename: Mouna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turki
authors.forename: Kais
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El Abed
authors.forename: Anitta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoekelmann
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001831:Body Temperature; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries*; D010465:Perception; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest; D013997:Time Factors; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: diurnal variation; field testing; maximal power; muscle strength; one repetition maximum; performance analysis