title: Exploring associations between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and gastrointestinal (GI) problems in women: a study in women with urological and GI problems vs a control population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of self-reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women consulting a Gastroenterology clinic with complaints of functional constipation (FC), fecal incontinence (FI) or both, compared with a female control population. Also, to study the influence of FC, FI, or both on self-reported LUTS in women attending a Urology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a retrospective study of data collected through a validated self-administered bladder and bowel symptom questionnaire in a tertiary referral hospital from three different female populations: 104 controls, 159 gastroenterological patients and 410 urological patients. Based on the reported bowel symptoms, patients were classified as having FC, FI, a combination of both, or, no FC or FI. LUTS were compared between the control population and the gastroenterological patients, and between urological patients with and without concomitant gastroenterological complaints. Results were corrected for possible confounders through logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of LUTS in the control population was similar to large population-based studies. Nocturia was significantly more prevalent in gastroenterological patients with FI compared with the control population [odds ratio (OR) 9.1]. Female gastroenterological patients with FC more often reported straining to void (OR 10.3), intermittency (OR 5.5), need to immediately re-void (OR 3.7) and feeling of incomplete emptying (OR 10.5) compared with the control population. In urological patients, urgency (94%) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI, 54% of UI) were reported more often by patients with FI than by patients without gastroenterological complaints (58% and 30% of UI respectively), whereas intermittency (OR 3.6), need to immediately re-void (OR 2.2) and feeling of incomplete emptying (OR 2.2) were reported more often by patients with FC than by patients without gastroenterological complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As LUTS are reported significantly more often by female gastroenterological patients than by a control population, and as there is a difference in self-reported LUTS between female urological patients with different concomitant gastroenterological complaints, we suggest that general practitioners, gastroenterologists and urologists should always include the assessment of symptoms of the other pelvic organ system in their patient evaluation. The clinical correlations between bowel symptoms and LUTS may be explained by underlying neurological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Neurosciences, Division of Urology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wyndaele
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benedicte Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: De Winter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.|Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pelckmans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Neurosciences, Division of Urology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wachter
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Outryve
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Translational Neurosciences, Division of Urology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wyndaele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: LUTS; fecal incontinence; functional constipation; women