title: Oxidative stress and biochemical responses in the tissues of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juvenile following exposure to primextra herbicide.
abstract: Primextra is a commercial herbicide formulation generally used in agriculture for weed control. The present study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemical responses in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus juvenile exposed to primextra. Fish were exposed to 0.24 and 0.47 mgL(-1) corresponding to 1/20 and 1/10th of 96 h LC50 of the herbicide. The liver and muscle tissues were sampled on day 1, 5, 10 and 15 and results showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.05) in the values of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in both tissues. A marked significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glucose in the liver while a mixed trend in their values were observed in the muscle. The values of superoxide dismutase and protein in both tissues were comparable to the control except on day 15 in the liver where the values significantly declined. The condition factor was not directly affected but values of hepatosomatic index were significantly reduced. The present findings revealed that primextra induced toxic stress even at sublethal concentrations resulting in alterations of the studied parameters which were more evident in the fish liver than in the muscle tissue.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka , Nigeria .
authors.forename: Christopher Didigwu
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nwani
authors.forename: Charles Tobechukwu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ifo
authors.forename: Helen Ogochukwu
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Nwamba
authors.forename: Vincent Chikwendu
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ejere
authors.forename: Grace Chinenye
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Onyishi
authors.forename: Stanley Ndubuisi
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Oluah
authors.forename: Ogbonnaya Egbe
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Ikwuagwu
authors.forename: Gregory Ejike
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Odo
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000607803:primextra; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Biochemical alterations; Clarias gariepinus; oxidative stress biomarkers; primextra