title: Identification of 33 candidate oncogenes by screening for base-specific mutations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genes with recurrent codon-specific somatic mutations are likely drivers of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Hypermutable cancers may represent a sensitive system for generation and selection of oncogenic mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilised exome-sequencing data on 25 sporadic microsatellite-instable (MSI) colorectal cancers (CRCs) and searched for base-specific somatic mutation hotspots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified novel mutation hotspots in 33 genes. Fourteen genes displayed mutations in the validation set of 254 MSI CRCs: ANTXR1, MORC2, CEP135, CRYBB1, GALNT9, KRT82, PI15, SLC36A1, CNTF, GLDC, MBTPS1, OR9Q2, R3HDM1 and TTPAL. A database search found examples of the hotspot mutations in multiple cancer types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work reveals a variety of new recurrent candidate oncogene mutations to be further scrutinised as potential therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuupanen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kondelin
authors.affiliation: Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Nandelstadh
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cajuso
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gylfe
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katainen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ristolainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Keskussairaalantie 19, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Keskussairaalantie 19, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland.
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mecklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renkonen-Sinisalo
authors.affiliation: Department for Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 21, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, Huddinge SE-141 83, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taipale
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, Huddinge SE-141 83, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taipale
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vahteristo
authors.affiliation: Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehti
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland [2] Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D009857:Oncogenes