title: Location-specific expression of chemokines, TNF-α and S100 proteins in a teat explant model.
abstract: The distal compartments of the udder are the first to interact with invading pathogens. The regulatory and effector functions of two major teat regions [Fürstenberg's rosette (FR); teat cistern (TC)] are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro model with explants of the FR and the TC to analyse their response towards Escherichia coli LPS and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Quantitative stereological analysis confirmed differences in the cellular composition of FR and TC explants. Chemokine (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL20) and TNF-α mRNA were expressed at low levels in both locations. Explant stimulation with LPS increased the mRNA abundance of all tested chemokines and TNF-α. Stimulation with LTA only induced CCL20 and CXCL8. LPS- and LTA-stimulated explant supernatants contained CXCL8 and CXCL3. Supernatants significantly attracted neutrophils in vitro. Compared with TC, the FR showed high constitutive mRNA expression of S100 proteins (A8, A9, A12). In the TC, both LPS and LTA significantly induced S100A8, whereas S100A9 and S100A12 expression was only induced by LPS. The novel model system underpins the role of the teat for recognising pathogens and shaping a pathogen- and location-specific immune response.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.affiliation: Department for Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Anja S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sipka
authors.affiliation: Immunology Unit, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schuberth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blutke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauter-Louis
authors.affiliation: Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN); German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Katarzyna A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.affiliation: Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN); German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rainard
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Germon
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Holm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zerbe
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany wpetzl@lmu.de.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petzl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009418:S100 Proteins; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009900:lipoteichoic acid
keywords: Bovine mastitis; calgranulins; chemokines; teat