title: Oxygen uptake, muscle activity and ground reaction force during water aerobic exercises.
abstract: This study aimed to compare the oxygen uptake (VO2), the muscle activity of lower limbs, and the vertical ground reaction force (V-GRF) of women performing water aerobic exercises at different intensities. 12 young women performed the experimental protocol, which consisted of 3 water exercises (stationary running [SR], frontal kick [FK] and cross country skiing [CCS]) at 3 intensities (first and second ventilatory thresholds and maximum effort). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used. Regarding VO2, different responses between intensities (p<0.001) were found, and values between exercises were similar. For electromyographic activity (EMG), differences between intensities for all muscles (p<0.001) were found. Greater EMG signals were observed in the FK compared to SR for rectus femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles (p<0.05). Regarding V-GRF, there was an increase in the V-GRF at greater intensities compared to the first ventilatory threshold (p=0.001). In addition, lower values were found during CCS compared to the SR and FK exercises (p<0.001). Thus, greater cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses were observed with increasing intensity. Exercises such as CCS could be used to attenuate the V-GRF; if the purpose is to reduce the muscular activity of lower limbs at a specific intensity, SR could be recommended.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Alberton
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: School of Physical -Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cadore
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Midwest State University of Parana, Guarapuava, Brazil.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tartaruga
authors.affiliation: School of Physical -Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kanitz
authors.affiliation: School of Physical -Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: School of Physical -Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finatto
authors.affiliation: School of Physical -Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: L F M
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kruel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water