title: Synthesis, surface properties and antimicrobial activity of some germanium nonionic surfactants.
abstract: Esterification reaction between different fatty acid namely; lauric, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids and polyethylene glycol-400 were performed. The produced polyethylene glycol ester were reacted with p-amine benzoic acid followed by condensation reaction with germanium dioxide in presence of sodium carbonate to form desired germinate surfactants. The chemical structures of the synthesized surfactants were determined using different spectra tools. The surface parameter including: the critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (π(cmc)), efficiency (Pc20), maximum surface excess (Γ(max)) and minimum surface area (A(min)), were calculated from the surface tension measurements. The synthesized surfactants showed higher surface activity. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption and micellization processes are spontaneous. It is clear that the synthesized nonionic surfactants showed their tendency towards adsorption at the interfaces and also micellization in the bulk of their solutions. The synthesized surfactants were tested against different strain of bacteria using inhibition zone diameters. The synthesized surfactants showed good antimicrobial activities against the tested microorganisms including Gram positive, Gram negative as well as fungi. The promising inhibition efficiency of these compounds against the sulfate reducing bacteria facilitates them to be applicable as new categories of sulfate reducing bacteria biocides.
authors.affiliation: Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute.
authors.forename: Mohamed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.forename: Salah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tawfik
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000327:Adsorption; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004951:Esterification; D004952:Esters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005857:Germanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D005857:Germanium; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C005686:sodium carbonate; C040516:germanium oxide; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid