title: Identifying position, visibility, dimensions, and angulation of the ear.
abstract: We selected 254 subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 yr to assess the ear position, angulations of the ear in relation to the nose, visibility from the frontal view, and dimensions of the ear by using various anthropometric points of the face. Subjects were divided into four groups based on facial form. A reference plane indicator, facial topographical measurements, metal ruler, and digital photography were used. While considering the position of the ear, in all facial forms except square tapering, the most samples showed a tendency for the subaurale being in line with subnasale. Regression analysis showed a tendency to gnathion distance is the most dependent variable with length of the ear kept as a constant predictor, while both interalar distance and exocanthion to endocanthion distance correlate highly significantly to the width of the ear. In all subjects, the visibility of the ear when viewed from the front was an average of 1.5 mm. Regardless of facial form, ear angulation was generally less than nose angulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Kasim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Jayanth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Karthigeyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeyapalan
authors.forename: Shanmuganathan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Fathima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Banu
authors.forename: Padmanabhan T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Veeravalli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D044466:Asian People; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009929:Organ Size; D010781:Photography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anthropometry; auricular prosthesis; ear angulation; ear dimensions; ear position; ear visibility; facial forms; facial topography; maxillofacial; reference plane indicator