title: Macular hole secondary to Valsalva retinopathy after doing push-up exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Valsalva retinopathy and traumatic macular hole are common conditions, but macular hole secondary to Valsalva retinopathy is rarely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 34-year-old healthy man suffered Valsalva retinopathy after doing push-up exercise. During his follow-up visits, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements, fundus examinations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) tests were performed. Three months later, the premacular hemorrhage was noticeably absorbed with an improvement of visual acuity. SD-OCT showed a lamellar macular hole with intact but thickened internal limiting membrane (ILM) with vitreal tractions on surface of the macular. Nine months after the first visit, his vision acuity was 20/25. The fundus examination showed a complete absorption of the macular hemorrhage. SD-OCT showed that the lamellar macular hole has enlarged, with thickened ILM on the surface. Seventeen months after the onset, the BCVA, fundus examination results and OCT findings were stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular hole secondary to Valsalva retinopathy had been rarely reported and its mechanism needs further understanding. SD-OCT can be used to observe the evolvement of Valsalva retinopathy.
authors.forename: Zheng-gao
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Su-qin
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No,98, Nantong West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225001, China. cfyzsbyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy