title: Influence of surfactant and lipid type on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of solid lipid nanoparticles.
abstract: Nine types of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations were produced using tripalmitin (TPM), glyceryl monostearate (GM) or stearic acid (SA), stabilized with lecithin S75 and polysorbate 80. Formulations were prepared presenting PI values within 0.25 to 0.30, and the physicochemical properties, stability upon storage and biocompatibility were evaluated. The average particle size ranged from 116 to 306 nm, with a negative surface charge around -11 mV. SLN presented good stability up to 60 days. The SLN manufactured using SA could not be measured by DLS due to the reflective feature of this formulation. However, TEM images revealed that SA nanoparticles presented square/rod shapes with an approximate size of 100 nm. Regarding biocompatibility aspects, SA nanoparticles showed toxicity in fibroblasts, causing cell death, and produced high hemolytic rates, indicating toxicity to red blood cells. This finding might be related to lipid type, as well as, the shape of the nanoparticles. No morphological alterations and hemolytic effects were observed in cells incubated with SLN containing TPM and GM. The SLN containing TPM and GM showed long-term stability, suggesting good shelf-life. The results indicate high toxicity of SLN prepared with SA, and strongly suggest that the components of the formulation should be analyzed in combination rather than separately to avoid misinterpretation of the results.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. carine@dalpizzol.com.
authors.forename: Carine Dal
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pizzol
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. filippinmonteiro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabíola Branco
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Filippin-Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Progama de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. jelver.sierra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jelver Alexander Sierra
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil. fredpittella@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Frederico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pittella
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. adnyh@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Adny Henrique
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. paula.as@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alves de Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. angelacampos@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machado de Campos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. tania.pasa@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Tânia Beatriz
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Creczynski-Pasa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents