title: Translational control of tropomyosin expression in vertebrate hearts.
abstract: The tropomyosin (TM) gene family produces a set of related TM proteins with important functions in striated and smooth muscle, and nonmuscle cells. In vertebrate striated muscle, the thin filament consists largely of actin, TM, the troponin (Tn) complex (Tn-I, Tn-C and Tn-T), and tropomodulin (Tmod) and is responsible for mediating Ca(2+) control of muscle contraction and relaxation. There are four known genes (designated as TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) for TM in vertebrates. The four TM genes generate a multitude of tissue- and developmental-specific isoforms through the use of different promoters, alternative mRNA splicing, different 3'-end mRNA processing and tissue-specific translational control. In this review, we have focused mainly on the regulation of TM expression in striated muscles, primarily in vertebrate hearts with special emphasis on translational control using mouse and Mexican axolotl animal models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
authors.forename: Dipak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: Syamalima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Poiesz
mesh_terms: D000558:Ambystoma mexicanum; D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014335:Tropomyosin
keywords: Mexican axolotl; mouse; regulation; translation; tropomyosin