title: TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GLI-SIMILAR 3 (GLIS3): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM.
abstract: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most frequent endocrine disorder in neonates. While several genetic mutations have been identified that result in developmental defects of the thyroid gland or thyroid hormone synthesis, genetic factors have yet to be identified in many CH patients along with the mechanisms underlying their pathophysiology. Mutations in the gene encoding the Krüppel-like transcription factor, GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) have been associated with the development of a syndrome characterized by congenital hypothyroidism and neonatal diabetes and similar phenotypes were observed in mouse knockout models ofGlis3. Patients with GLIS3-mediated CH exhibit diminished serum levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin (TG). However, the inconsistent presentation of clinical features associated with this CH has made it difficult to ascertain a causative mechanism. Future elucidation of the biological functions of GLIS3 in the thyroid will be crucial to the discovery of new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of CH.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lichti-Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: ZeRuth
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Anton M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jetten
keywords: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Gli-similar 3; Neonatal Diabetes