title: A simple algorithm for treating horizontal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Horizontal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (H-BPPV) is more difficult to successfully treat than posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (P-BPPV) because of the diverse mechanisms required. We developed a simple, rapid, and effective treatment algorithm for treating all subtypes of H-BPPV in an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) outpatient department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred ninety patients with BPPV receiving outpatient treatment at Mackay Memorial Hospital were investigated. Among the 490 patients, 86 (17.6%; 86/490) were diagnosed as having H-BPPV variants using the McClure-Pagnini test. Fifty-four patients were female, and 32 were male; they ranged in age from 18 to 92 years (mean age, 56.2 yr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 86 H-BPPV patients, 74.4% (64/86) were hypothesized to have canalithiasis, 20.9% (18/86) were hypothesized to have cupulolithiasis-utricle type (Cup-U), and 4.7% (4/86) were hypothesized to have the cupulolithiasis-cupula type (Cup-C). The primary treatment maneuver was the forced prolonged position (FPP). For 3 patients exhibiting refractory symptoms, we introduced the Gufoni maneuver. The total average success rate of treatment was 96%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that for H-BPPV patients with initial geotropic nystagmus, the FPP alone yielded an excellent treatment-control rate, and the barbecue-rotation maneuver was unnecessary. However, observing the nystagmus transformation of apogeotropic patients was necessary before administering treatment. For cupulolithiasis patients with the apogeotropic variant who did not respond to FPP treatment alone, we determined that the Gufoni maneuver was necessary as well.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otolaryngology, Mackay Memorial Hospital; †Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, and ‡Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Cheng-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hsen-Tien
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hung-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D065635:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult