title: Combined hysterolaparoscopy for the diagnosis of female infertility: a retrospective study of 132 patients in china.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects and safeness of combined hysterolaparoscopy on evaluation the causes of infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China) from January 2011 to April 2014. Patients aged 21-43 years with infertility were included in this study. The prevalence of different lesions was collected to analyze.
  
  
  RESULTS
  132 infertile patients were included, 71 (53.8%) women had primary infertility and the rest 61 (46.2%) had secondary infertility. Laparoscopic abnormalites were more common than hysteroscopy abnormalites both in primary infertility group and secondary infertility group. Pelvic inflammatory disease (59.09 %) and endometriosis (29.55%) were the most common abnormalities in two groups. The most common intrauterine pathology was uterine polyps and the most common uterine malformation was uterine septum in two groups. Out of 12 patients having malformation uterus, only one was double uterus and double cervical with double vagina. There was no major surgical or anesthetic complication in any of our patients, other than mild abdominal pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hysterolaparoscopy is an effective and safe tool in comprehensive evaluation of infertility to diagnosis and treat the lesions of pelvic and uterus in the same time. Hysterolaparoscopy may be recommended as the first and final procedure for evaluation of female infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Erhong
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingdong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
keywords: hysterolaparoscopy; hysteroscopy; infertility; laparoscopy