title: Effects of intravenous cariporide on release of norepinephrine and myoglobin during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of cariporide, a Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 inhibitor, on cardiac norepinephrine (NE) and myoglobin release during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion by applying a microdialysis technique to the rabbit heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  In anesthetized rabbits, two dialysis probes were implanted into the left ventricular myocardium and were perfused with Ringer's solution. Cariporide (0.3mg/kg) was injected intravenously, followed by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. During 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 30-min reperfusion, four consecutive 15-min dialysate samples (two during ischemia and two during reperfusion) were collected in vehicle and cariporide-treated groups. Dialysate myoglobin and NE concentrations were measured by immunochemistry and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dialysate myoglobin and NE concentrations increased significantly during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in both vehicle and cariporide-treated groups (P<0.01 vs. baseline). In cariporide-treated group, dialysate myoglobin concentrations were significantly lower than those in vehicle group throughout ischemia/reperfusion (P<0.01 at 0-15 min of ischemia, P<0.05 at 15-30 min of ischemia, P<0.01 at 0-15 min of reperfusion, and P<0.01 at 15-30 min of reperfusion). However, dialysate NE concentrations in cariporide-treated group were lower than those in vehicle group only during ischemia (P<0.01 at 0-15 min of ischemia, and P<0.05 at 15-30 min of ischemia).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When administered before ischemia, cariporide reduces myoglobin release during ischemia/reperfusion and decreases NE release during ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroko
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan. Electronic address: shujismz@ri.ncvc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka 591-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Toji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017551:Microdialysis; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D009211:Myoglobin; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D013450:Sulfones; C093373:cariporide; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Cariporide; Ischemia/reperfusion; Myoglobin; Norepinephrine