title: Effects of femoral rotational taping on pain, lower extremity kinematics, and muscle activation in female patients with patellofemoral pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the hip and knee joint kinematics as well as muscle activation between participants with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and controls, and to investigate the immediate effect of proximal femoral rotational taping on pain, joint kinematics, and muscle activation during single-leg squat (SLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen female participants with PFPS, and eight healthy female controls participated. Three-dimensional hip and patellar kinematics measured by electromagnetic tracking system, hip (gluteus maximus and gluteus medius) and thigh (rectus femoris) muscle activation measured by EMG, and subjective report of pain were recorded during SLS in three randomized conditions of no tape, sham taping, and femoral rotational taping with kinesiotape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without taping, compared with controls, PFPS group had increased hip adduction angle (23.5±11.3° vs. 15.8±7.3°) during SLS. Additionally, PFPS group exhibited lesser rectus femoris activity during the initial 0-15° of SLS. Application of both femoral rotational and sham tapes reduced pain for PFPS group. Compared with no tape or sham tape, femoral rotational tape significantly shifted the patella into more posterior (1.59±0.83cm in no tape vs. 1.54±0.87cm in sham tape vs. 1.32±0.72cm in femoral rotational tape) and distal (-2.49±0.95cm vs. -2.64±0.80cm vs. -3.11±0.77cm) positions in the PFPS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Femoral rotational taping could alter patellofemoral kinematics and decrease pain in treatment of young female participants with PFPS.
authors.affiliation: School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chen-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Han-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: United Orthopedic Corporation, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Sheng-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: jiujlin@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jiu-Jenq
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA.
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055052:Athletic Tape; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D010147:Pain Measurement; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior knee pain; Hip; Medial collapse; Patella; Single-leg squat