title: Gastrodin prevents motor deficits and oxidative stress in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: involvement of ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current no effective therapy is available to halt the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of PD. The present study evaluates the hypothesis that prevention of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced motor deficits by gastrodin might mainly result from its antioxidant property via interrupting extracellular signal regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment of mouse model of PD is established by treating C57BL/6 mice with 4 doses of MPTP (30 mg/kg per day, i.p.), with gastrodin (60 mg/kg per day) administered by daily intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Motor behavior of mice was monitored by open-field test and rotarod test. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPTP-induced motor deficits were partially and significantly forestalled by gastrodin. Gastrodin treatment prevented MPTP-induced oxidative stress, as measured by malondialdehyde in midbrain. Interestingly, MPTP-intoxicated mice treated with gastrodin robustly increased heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase, glutathione levels, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation in striatum of MPTP-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, results herein suggest that the antioxidant pathway activated by gastrodin involves ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastrodin protects midbrain of MPTP-intoxicated mice against oxidative stress, in part, through interrupting ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway mechanism, which will give us an insight into the potential of gastrodin in terms of opening up new therapeutic avenues for PD.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, Peoples' Republic of China. Electronic address: dmx1969@126.com.
authors.forename: Miao-Xian
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D017931:DNA Primers; D005960:Glucosides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C045345:gastrodin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (PubChem CID: 1388); Curcumol (PubChem CID: 115067); Gastrodin; Glutathione; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Rotarod test