title: Myocardial regeneration after implantation of porcine small intestinal submucosa in the left ventricle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most cardiomyocytes do not regenerate after myocardial infarction. Porcine small intestinal submucosa has been shown to be effective in tissue repair.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate myocardial tissue regeneration and functional effects of SIS implantation in pigs after left ventriculotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen pigs were assigned to two groups: porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) (N=10) and control (N=5). The SIS group underwent a mini sternotomy, left ventriculotomy and placement of a SIS patch. The control group underwent a sham procedure. Echocardiography was performed before and 60 days after the surgical procedure. Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin stain and markers for actin 1A4, anti sarcomeric actin, connexin43 and factor VIII.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain was similar in both groups. Echocardiography analysis revealed no difference between groups regarding end diastolic and systolic diameters and left ventricular ejection fraction, both pre (P=0.118, P=0.313, P=0.944) and post procedure (P=0.333, P=0.522, P=0.628). Both groups showed an increase in end diastolic (P<0,001 for both) and systolic diameter 60 days after surgery (P=0.005, SIS group and P=0.004, control group). New cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and inflammatory reactions were histologically identified in the SIS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIS implantation in pigs after left ventriculotomy was associated with angiomuscular regeneration and no damage in cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cassiana Maria Garcez
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olandoski
authors.affiliation: Faculdade Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katherine Athayde Teixeira de
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Faculdade Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Olandoski
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Erbano
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lianna Ferrari
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Pellegrino
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Baena
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian Ferreira do
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Michel de
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Rocha
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Faria-Neto
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz César
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Guarita-Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004452:Echocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008488:Medical Illustration; D023421:Models, Animal; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000601:surgery; D009206:Myocardium; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome