title: Stem cell therapy. Use of differentiated pluripotent stem cells as replacement therapy for treating disease.
abstract: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) directed to various cell fates holds promise as source material for treating numerous disorders. The availability of precisely differentiated PSC-derived cells will dramatically affect blood component and hematopoietic stem cell therapies and should facilitate treatment of diabetes, some forms of liver disease and neurologic disorders, retinal diseases, and possibly heart disease. Although an unlimited supply of specific cell types is needed, other barriers must be overcome. This review of the state of cell therapies highlights important challenges. Successful cell transplantation will require optimizing the best cell type and site for engraftment, overcoming limitations to cell migration and tissue integration, and occasionally needing to control immunologic reactivity, as well as a number of other challenges. Collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and industry is critical for generating new stem cell-based therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. foxi@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ira J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
authors.forename: George Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuromedicine, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huard
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kamp
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunogenetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trucco
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000639:trends