title: Expression analysis of GADD45γ, MEG3, and p8 in pituitary adenomas.
abstract: Preceding studies have indicated that aberrant expression levels rather than genetic changes of GADD45γ, MEG3, and p8 gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. We analysed their expression in various normal human tissues and in different pituitary tumour types, and investigated GADD45γ mutations in a subset of adenomas. Absolute quantification by real-time RT-PCR was performed in 24 normal tissues as well as in 34 nonfunctioning, 24 somatotroph, 12 corticotroph adenomas, 4 prolactinomas, 1 FSHoma, and in 6 normal pituitaries. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between clinical data and gene expression. A subset was screened for GADD45γ mutations by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and sequencing. All normal human tissues expressed GADD45γ, MEG3, and p8 mRNA. For GADD45γ, significantly lower expression levels were found in nonfunctioning adenomas compared with normal pituitary and somatotroph adenomas. P8 and MEG3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in nonfunctioning and corticotroph adenomas compared with normal pituitary. Expression of GADD45γ was significantly higher in pituitary adenomas of female patients. No mutation was found in the GADD45γ gene. GADD45γ, MEG3, and p8 appear to have physiological functions in a variety of human tissues. GADD45γ, MEG3, and P8 may be involved in the pathogenesis of nonfunctioning and corticotroph pituitary tumours. Female gender seems to predispose to slightly higher GADD45γ expression in pituitary adenomas. Mutations of the GADD45γ are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Binse
authors.affiliation: General Paediatrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ueberberg
authors.affiliation: Nordstadt, Neurosurgery, Hospital Region Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Sandalcioglu
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flitsch
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Luedecke
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Medical Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: ENDOC, Center for Endocrine Tumors, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersenn
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C498907:MEG3 non-coding RNA, human; C491643:NUPR1 protein, human