title: Waiting for a kidney transplant: association with anxiety and stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pretransplantation period is characterized by many stressful events that can result in symptoms of anxiety and stress and ultimately can have a negative impact on graft outcome. Our objective was to evaluate the association between symptoms of anxiety and stress in patients awaiting kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a transversal study describing 50 randomly selected patients undergoing hemodialysis and waitlisted for kidney transplantation. We collected social and demographic data, and adopted the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Lipp Stress Symptoms for Adults Inventory to respectively evaluate anxiety and stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 50.2 ± 11.7 years, 54% of patients were female, time on dialysis was 6.5 ± 4.5 years, and transplant waitlist time was 5.9 ± 4.4 years. Forty-six percent of patients were married or had a stable relationship, 50% were illiterate or had only finished primary school, and 64% were pensioners. Stress was documented in 60% of patients, of which 30% had severe stress, whereas 56% of patients showed symptoms of anxiety. The presence of stress was associated with longer waitlist time (P = .006) and longer time on dialysis (P = .052). Less severe stress was associated with higher education level (P = .031), whereas patients in more advanced phases of stress showed higher levels of anxiety. After a multivariate analysis, stress was 3.6 times (CI 1.34 to 9.89) more frequent among individuals with anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress and anxiety were prevalent in patients on a waitlist and were associated with social and chronic kidney disease-related patterns. This observation can stimulate the adoption of strategies for the prevention of stress and anxiety, avoiding posttransplantation complications, such as nonadherence to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moratelli
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carminatti
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: F A B
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Colugnati
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: F R S
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Grincenkov
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia (NIEPEN), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: helady.sanders@ufjf.edu.br.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanders-Pinheiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014850:Waiting Lists; D055815:Young Adult