title: Collagen-functionalised titanium surfaces for biological sealing of dental implants: effect of immobilisation process on fibroblasts response.
abstract: The clinical success of a dental implant requires not only an optimum osseointegration, but also the development of a biological sealing; i.e., a soft tissue seal around the transmucosal part of the implant. A promising approach to improve the biological seal of dental implants is the biomimetic modification of titanium surfaces with proteins or peptides that have specific cell-binding moieties. In this work we investigated the process of immobilising collagen on smooth and rough titanium surfaces and its effect on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell response. Titanium samples were activated by either oxygen plasma or acid etching to generate a smooth or nanorough surface, respectively. Subsequently, collagen grafting was achieved by either physisorption or covalent bonding through organosilane chemistry. The biofunctionalised titanium samples were then tested for stability and characterised by fluorescent labelling, wettability, OWLS and XPS studies. Biological characterisation was also performed through HDF adhesion, proliferation and gene expression. Covalent-bonded collagen showed higher stability than physisorbed collagen. A significant overexpression of the genes involved in fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodelling was observed in the collagen-coated surfaces. This effect was more pronounced on smooth than on rough surfaces. Immobilised collagen on the smooth plasma-treated surfaces favoured both fibroblast adhesion and activation. This study provides essential information for the design of implants with optimal biological sealing, a key aspect to avoid peri-implantitis and ensure long-lasting implant fixation.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), C/ Pascual i Vila 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna 11, Ed. CEEI, 50118 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Nathalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marín-Pareja
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), C/ Pascual i Vila 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna 11, Ed. CEEI, 50118 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salvagni
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), C/ Pascual i Vila 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna 11, Ed. CEEI, 50118 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillem-Marti
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Conrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), C/ Pascual i Vila 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna 11, Ed. CEEI, 50118 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: maria.pau.ginebra@upc.edu.
authors.forename: Maria-Pau
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ginebra
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D003094:Collagen; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Collagen; Fibroblast; Implants; Roughness; Silane; Titanium