title: Correlation of patient-reported outcomes of sedation and sedation assessment scores in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are recommended as indicators of quality in the intensive care unit. We studied the correlation between PROs of sedation quality and a universal sedation assessment scale in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine mechanically ventilated adults admitted to a surgical/trauma or medical intensive care unit requiring continuous infusion sedation for 24 hours or more were prospectively included. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated through sedation questionnaire 24 hours post-continuous infusion sedation. The primary outcome was the correlation of PROs with Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) SAS scores per 12-hour nursing shift for propofol (n=179), midazolam (n=42), and dexmedetomidine (n=8) were 3.78 (77), 3.31 (1.1), and 2.98 (0.76), respectively. The mean score for survey questions addressing perceptions of comfort was 5.3 (1, complete comfort; 10, not comfortable at all). Of the patients, 34%, 7%, and 52% would want more, less, or the same amount of sedation, respectively, if this situation were to arise again. Patient perception of comfort correlated with the percent time at goal SAS score; r=0.31 (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient-reported outcomes of sedation correlate with the percentage of time spent in the goal range of scores for a universal sedation assessment scale. These findings represent initial attempts to appreciate the patient's perspective in the management and monitoring of agitation.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Electronic address: benedictnj@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felbinger
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Ty
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ridenour
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Ananth
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anthes
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Shoroq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altawalbeh
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kane-Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D016638:Critical Illness; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Dexmedetomidine; Midazolam; Patient reported outcomes; Propofol; Questionnaire; Sedation assessment