title: Disease-specific T-helper cell polarizing function of lesional dendritic cells in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) exhibit distinct T-helper (Th) responses, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the phenotypes and Th-cell polarizing functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in different types of CRSwNP.
  
  
  METHODS
  DC subsets, their surface phenotypes, and Th-cell subsets were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The sorted lesional DCs were activated or cultured with autologous naive CD4(+) T cells, and cytokine production was determined by ELISA. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and osteopontin expression were detected by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although elevated local Th1 and Th17 cells were noted in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP, increased Th2 cells were found only in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Increased numbers of myeloid DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, and their activated subsets were found in both types of CRSwNP, but only myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs from eosinophilic CRSwNP demonstrated an up-regulation of OX40 ligand (OX40L) and programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) expression. Lesional DCs from both types of CRSwNP produced enhanced levels of IL-12, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β, and induced increased Th1 and Th17 responses; in contrast, only DCs from eosinophilic CRSwNP induced obviously enhanced Th2 responses, when cocultured with naive CD4(+) T cells. Blockade of OX40L and PD-L1 on lesional DCs from eosinophilic CRSwNP suppressed Th2 responses, but promoted Th1 responses in DC-T cell coculture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct subsets of lesional DCs were found in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP, where OX40L/PD-L1(+) lesional DCs in eosinophilic CRSwNP could prime Th2 cells, whereas the low OX40L/PD-L1-expressing lesional DCs in noneosinophilic CRSwNP primarily induced Th1/Th17 cells.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Ping-Ping
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ya-Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Shau-Ku
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000378:metabolism; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015851:Interleukin-7; D053495:Osteopontin
keywords: eosinophil; osteopontin; phenotype; thymic stromal lymphopoietin