title: Associations between longer habitual day napping and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an elderly Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both longer habitual day napping and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are associated with diabetes and inflammation, but the association between day napping and NAFLD remains unexplored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the duration of habitual day napping and NAFLD in an elderly Chinese population and to gain insight into the role of inflammatory cytokines in this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a series of cross-sectional studies of the community population in Chongqing, China, from 2011 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 6998 participants aged 40 to 75 years, 6438 eligible participants were included in the first study and analyzed to observe the association between day napping duration and NAFLD. In a separate study, 80 non-nappers and 90 nappers were selected to identify the role of inflammatory cytokines in this association. Logistic regression models were used to examine the odds ratios (ORs) of day nap duration with NAFLD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Day nappers had a significantly higher prevalence of NAFLD (P<0.001). Longer day napping duration was associated in a dose-dependent manner with NAFLD (P trend <0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the ORs were 1.67 (95% CI 1.13-2.46) for those reporting 0.5-1 h and 1.49 (95% CI 1.01-2.19) for those reporting >1 h of day napping compared with individuals who did not take day naps (all P<0.05). Longer-duration day nappers had higher levels of IL-6 and progranulin (PGRN) but lower levels of Secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (SFRP5, all P trend <0.001). After adjusting for IL-6, PGRN, and SFRP5, the association between day napping duration and NAFLD disappeared (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer day napping duration is associated with a higher prevalence of NAFLD, and inflammatory cytokines may be an essential link between day napping and NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Huacong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012890:Sleep
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines