title: Cytotoxic constituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria.
abstract: Curcuma zedoaria also known as Temu putih is traditionally used in food preparations and treatment of various ailments including cancer. The cytotoxic activity of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and the methanol-soxhlet extracts of Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes was tested on two human cancer cell lines (Ca Ski and MCF-7) and a noncancer cell line (HUVEC) using MTT assay. Investigation on the chemical components in the hexane and dichloromethane fractions gave 19 compounds, namely, labda-8(17),12 diene-15,16 dial (1), dehydrocurdione (2), curcumenone (3), comosone II (4), curcumenol (5), procurcumenol (6), germacrone (7), zerumbone epoxide (8), zederone (9), 9-isopropylidene-2,6-dimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0(1,5)]undec-6-en-8-ol (10), furanodiene (11), germacrone-4,5-epoxide (12), calcaratarin A (13), isoprocurcumenol (14), germacrone-1,10-epoxide (15), zerumin A (16), curcumanolide A (17), curcuzedoalide (18), and gweicurculactone (19). Compounds (1-19) were evaluated for their antiproliferative effect using MTT assay against four cancer cell lines (Ca Ski, MCF-7, PC-3, and HT-29). Curcumenone (3) and curcumenol (5) displayed strong antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 8.3 ± 1.0 and 9.3 ± 0.3 μg/mL, resp.) and were found to induce apoptotic cell death on MCF-7 cells using phase contrast and Hoechst 33342/PI double-staining assay. Thus, the present study provides basis for the ethnomedical application of Curcuma zedoaria in the treatment of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural Products and Drugs Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Omer Abdalla
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ahmed Hamdi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Syarifah Nur
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Syed Abdul Rahman
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural Products and Drugs Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khalijah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awang
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural Products and Drugs Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Biology Division, Center for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norhanom
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdul Wahab
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural Products and Drugs Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chung Yeng
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noel Francis
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Center for Natural Products and Drugs Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sri Nurestri
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Abd Malek
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008296:Malaysia; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C022616:thiazolyl blue