title: Development of the PROMIS coping expectancies of smoking item banks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking is a coping strategy for many smokers who then have difficulty finding new ways to cope with negative affect when they quit. This paper describes analyses conducted to develop and evaluate item banks for assessing the coping expectancies of smoking for daily and nondaily smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from a large sample of daily (N = 4,201) and nondaily (N = 1,183) smokers, we conducted a series of item factor analyses, item response theory analyses, and differential item functioning (DIF) analyses (according to gender, age, and ethnicity) to arrive at a unidimensional set of items for daily and nondaily smokers. We also evaluated performance of short forms (SFs) and computer adaptive tests (CATs) for assessing coping expectancies of smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both daily and nondaily smokers, the unidimensional Coping Expectancies item banks (21 items) are relatively DIF free and are highly reliable (0.96 and 0.97, respectively). A common 4-item SF for daily and nondaily smokers also showed good reliability (0.85). Adaptive tests required an average of 4.3 and 3.7 items for simulated daily and nondaily respondents, respectively, and achieved reliabilities of 0.91 for both when the maximum test length was 10 items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research provides a new set of items that can be used to reliably assess coping expectancies of smoking, through a SF, CAT, or a tailored set selected for a specific research purpose.
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA; shadel@rand.org.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Shadel
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Boston, MA;
authors.forename: Maria Orlando
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Edelen
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stucky
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002138:Calibration; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005006:Ethnicity; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult