title: Chemical composition and biological effects of Artemisia maritima and Artemisia nilagirica essential oils from wild plants of western Himalaya.
abstract: Artemisia species possess pharmacological properties that are used for medical purposes worldwide. In this paper, the essential oils from the aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica and Artemisia maritima from the western Indian Himalaya region are described. The main compounds analyzed by simultaneous GC/MS and GC/FID were camphor and 1,8-cineole from A. maritima, and camphor and artemisia ketone from A. nilagirica. Additionally, the oils were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, mosquito biting deterrent, and larvicidal activities. A. nilagirica essential oil demonstrated nonselective antifungal activity against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas A. maritima did not show antifungal activity. Both Artemisia spp. exhibited considerable mosquito biting deterrence, whereas only A. nilagirica showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Antibacterial effects assessed by an agar dilution assay demonstrated greater activity of A. maritima essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to A. nilagirica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stappen
authors.affiliation: Kurt Kitzing Co., Wallerstein, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Nurhayat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabanca
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wedge
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
authors.forename: Brij
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jaitak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, "Paisii Hilendarski" - University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Velizar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gochev
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, "Paisii Hilendarski" - University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Girova
authors.affiliation: Department of Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Albena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoyanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jirovetz
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002164:Camphor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007194:India; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C494252:artemisia ketone; D002164:Camphor; D000077591:Eucalyptol