title: Non-polio enteroviruses from acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong Province, China, 1988-2013.
abstract: Enteroviruses (EVs) are important human pathogens associated with various clinical syndromes. This study represents an overview of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Shandong Province, China from 1988 to 2013. Altogether 792 and 170 NPEV isolates were isolated from stool specimens of 9263 AFP cases and 1059 contacts, respectively. Complete VP1 sequencing and typing on all 962 isolates revealed 53 NPEV types in which echovirus (E) 6 (7.6%), E14 (7.6%), E11 (7.4%), coxsackievirus (CV) B3 (7.4%), E25 (5.6%), CVB5 (4.9%), E7 (4.5%) and EV-A71 (4.4%) were the eight most commonly reported serotypes. Distinct summer-fall seasonality was observed, with June-October accounting for 79.3% of isolation from AFP cases with known month of specimen collection. Increase of isolation of EV-A71 and CVA--the predominant pathogens for the hand, foot, and mouth disease--was observed in recent years. Sequence analysis on VP1 coding region of EV-A71 and E6 suggested Shandong strains had great genetic divergence with isolates from other countries. The results described in this study provide valuable information on the circulation and emergence of different EV types in the context of limited EV surveillance in China.
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Zexin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Manshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Suting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Bao'an District Hospital for Chronic Diseases Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Jinan Institute of Health Inspection, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3] School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aiqiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012621:Seasons; D065288:Serogroup