title: Contrasting electrogenerated chemiluminescence for a dissolved and surface-attached carbazole thiophene cyanoacrylate dye.
abstract: The electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of a carbazole thiophene cyanoacrylate dye ((2-cyano-3-[5"'-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-3',3",3"',4-tetra-n-hexyl-[2,2',5',2",5",2"']-quarter-thiophenyl-5yl]acrylate) = MK-2) has been investigated in solution, where the maximum ECL wavelength occurs at 640 nm, and in a thin film on an ITO surface, where the ECL is substantially red-shifted to 730 nm. The ECL intensity for the solution annihilation reaction is relatively weak, whereas a much higher ECL intensity is measured with oxalate as a co-reactant. This result is attributed to the two Nernstian reversible oxidation waves of the thiophene moiety of MK-2, whereas the reduction is stabilized by the unblocked carbazole and cyanoacrylate groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States.
authors.forename: Alexander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nepomnyashchii
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Parkinson
keywords: ECL shift; aggregation; carboxylate binding; oligothiophenes; thin film emission