title: Endoscopic management of vesicoureteral reflux in children in kosova.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children has been treated with subureteric deflux injection of Deflux (dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer) since 2009. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of endoscopic treatment of VUR in our clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2009 and December 2013, fifty-five children underwent endoscopic subureteral injection of Deflux in 78 ureters. Two months postoperatively voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was performed. This study examined the disappearance of VUR and urinary tract infection (UTI) as well as the quality of life during long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 55 patients (40 females and 15 males) with 78 refluxing ureters. There were 22 refluxed ureters altogether and 33 children had a unilateral reflux (two duplicated systems). All patients were treated, from the age 6 months up to 12 years old. The mean age of patients was 5.2 years. There has been no complications, but with few recurrences. In 6 patients (16.6%), endoscopic treatment with deflux was done twice, while in three patients (8.5%), the endoscopic treatment with deflux was performed three times, because of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the use of endoscopic Deflux injection as first line treatment for children with VUR. Endoscopic subureteral injection of Deflux is a minimally invasive method for VUR treatment in pediatric patients and is associated with low morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Clinic, University Clinic Center of Kosova, Prishtina.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berisha
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Clinic, University Clinic Center of Kosova, Prishtina.
authors.forename: Nexhmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hyseni
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Clinic, University Clinic Center of Kosova, Prishtina.
authors.forename: Sejdi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Statovci
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Clinic, University Clinic Center of Kosova, Prishtina.
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grajqevci
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Clinic, University Clinic Center of Kosova, Prishtina.
authors.forename: Butrint
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xhiha
keywords: Deflux; VUR; pediatric urology