title: S-Shaped Canals: A Series of Cases Performed by Four Specialists around the World.
abstract: Recognition of anatomical variations is a real challenge for clinicians undertaking therapy regardless of the teeth that are to be treated. The extent of the curvature is one of the most important variables that could lead to instrument fracture. In clinical conditions, two curves can be present in the same root canal trajectory. This type of geometry is denoted as the "S" shape, and it is a challenging condition. This report describes a different clinical and educational scenario where four specialists around the world present different approaches for the treatment of root canals with double curvatures or S-shaped canals. Endodontic therapy is a very nuanced and challenging science and art. The clinical and teaching experience of the authors show different approaches that can be successfully employed to treat challenging teeth having roots with multiple curves. The necessity of precise knowledge of the root canal morphology and its variation is also underlined.
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Private Practice Limited to Endodontics, Kalithea, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaniottis
authors.affiliation: University of Tlaxcala, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.affiliation: Private Practice Limited to Endodontics, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saucedo
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Pascoal
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Vansan
authors.affiliation: Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Silva