title: Motor and memory function in rat models of cyanide toxicity and vascular occlusion induced ischemic injury.
abstract: Although oxidative stress is characteristic of global vascular occlusion and cyanide toxicity, the pattern of cerebral metabolism reconditioning and rate of progression or reversal of neural tissue damage differ for both forms of ischemia. Thus, it is important to compare cognitive and motor functions in both models of ischemia involving cyanide treatment (CN) and vascular occlusion (VO). Adult Wistar rats (N=30) were divided into three groups; VO (n=12), CN (n=12) and Control-CO (n=6). The CN was treated with 30mg/Kg of potassium cyanide (KCN); VO was subjected to global vascular occlusion-both for duration of 10 days. The control (CO) was fed on normal rat chow and water for the same duration. At day 10, the test and control groups (CN, VO and CO) were subjected to motor function tests (Table edge tests and Open Field Test) and memory function tests (Y-Maze and Novel object recognition) while the withdrawal groups CN-I and VO-I were subjected to the same set of tests at day 20 (the withdrawal phase). The results show that both cyanide toxicity and vascular occlusion caused a decline in motor and memory function when compared with the control. Also, the cyanide treatment produced a more rapid decline in these behavioral parameters when compared with the vascular occlusion during the treatment phase. After the withdrawal phase, cyanide treatment (CN-I) showed either an improvement or restoration of motor and memory function when compared to the CN and control. Withdrawal of vascular occlusion caused no improvement, and in some cases a decline in motor and memory function. In conclusion, cyanide toxicity caused a decline in motor and memory function after the treatment while vascular occlusion caused no significant decline in cognition and motor function at this time. After the withdrawal phase, the effect of cyanide toxicity was reduced and significant improvements were observed in the behavioral tests (motor and cognitive), while a decline in these functions were seen in the vascular occlusion group after this phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Electronic address: ola.ogundele@abuad.edu.ng.
authors.forename: Olalekan Michael
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ogundele
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Philip Adeyemi
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adeniyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Duyilemi Chris
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ajonijebu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdulbasit
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ansa Emmanuel
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cobham
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Azeez Olakunle
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ishola
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gbolahan Wasiu
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Balogun
keywords: Cognition; Cyanide; Ischemia; Memory; Motor function; Vascular occlusion