title: Electroencephalography for children with autistic spectrum disorder: a sedation protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the effectiveness and efficiency of a predetermined sedation protocol for providing sedation for electroencephalograph (EEG) studies in children with autism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep EEG has been advocated for the majority of children with autism spectrum disorder. In most cases, sedation is required to allow adequate studies. Most sedation drugs have negative effects on the EEG pattern. The sedation protocol we adopted included chloral hydrate, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine and was evaluated prospectively for 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty-three children with autistic spectrum disorder were sedated with the described drug protocol that was efficient, provided adequate EEG readings, and was not associated with serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our protocol kept costs to a minimum but provided appropriate escalation in care when required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Keidan
authors.forename: Erez
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Menachem
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzadok
authors.forename: Bruria
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ben-Zeev
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berkenstadt
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: autistic disorder; chloral hydrate; deep sedation; dexmedetomidine; electroencephalography; epilepsy