title: DNA modifications in the mammalian brain.
abstract: DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mark in mammalian development, genomic imprinting, X-inactivation, chromosomal stability and suppressing parasitic DNA elements. DNA methylation in neurons has also been suggested to play important roles for mammalian neuronal functions, and learning and memory. In this review, we first summarize recent discoveries and fundamental principles of DNA modifications in the general epigenetics field. We then describe the profiles of different DNA modifications in the mammalian brain genome. Finally, we discuss roles of DNA modifications in mammalian brain development and function.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Guo-Li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA shongju1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D044503:5-Methylcytosine
keywords: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5-methylcytosine; DNA methylation; learning and memory