title: Microtubules provide directional information for core PCP function.
abstract: Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling controls the polarization of cells within the plane of an epithelium. Two molecular modules composed of Fat(Ft)/Dachsous(Ds)/Four-jointed(Fj) and a 'PCP-core' including Frizzled(Fz) and Dishevelled(Dsh) contribute to polarization of individual cells. How polarity is globally coordinated with tissue axes is unresolved. Consistent with previous results, we find that the Ft/Ds/Fj-module has an effect on a MT-cytoskeleton. Here, we provide evidence for the model that the Ft/Ds/Fj-module provides directional information to the core-module through this MT organizing function. We show Ft/Ds/Fj-dependent initial polarization of the apical MT-cytoskeleton prior to global alignment of the core-module, reveal that the anchoring of apical non-centrosomal MTs at apical junctions is polarized, observe that directional trafficking of vesicles containing Dsh depends on Ft, and demonstrate the feasibility of this model by mathematical simulation. Together, these results support the hypothesis that Ft/Ds/Fj provides a signal to orient core PCP function via MT polarization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States matism@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Russler-Germain
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.
authors.forename: Qie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.
authors.forename: Claire J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tomlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Axelrod
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011679:Pupa / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C094449:ds protein, Drosophila; C000606588:dsh protein, Drosophila; C095900:fj protein, Drosophila; C472307:ft protein, Drosophila; C058784:fz protein, Drosophila
keywords: fat cadherin; microtubules; planar cell polarity