title: Airbrushed composite polymer Zr-ACP nanofiber scaffolds with improved cell penetration for bone tissue regeneration.
abstract: Electrospun polymer nanofibers have multiple applications in the tissue engineering field despite limited cell penetration within the scaffolds and slow synthesis rates. Airbrushing, a proposed alternative to traditional electrospinning, is a technique capable of synthesizing open structure nanofiber scaffolds at high rates. In this study, three biocompatible polymers-poly-D,L-lactic acid (P-DL-LA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), were airbrushed to form networks for bone tissue regeneration. All three polymers were loaded with up to 20% (w/w) zirconium-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Zr-ACP). A simple one-step mix and straightforward material deposition yielded open structure networks with well-distributed Zr-ACP. Cell penetration within the airbrushed scaffolds was found to be more than twice the cell penetration within conventional electrospun networks. The airbrushed polymer network supported cell growth and differentiation. Cells grown on the Zr-ACP in P-DL-LA fibers exhibited improved levels of osteocalcin protein with an increase in the Zr-ACP content by day 16. This airbrushing method promises to be a viable and attractive alternative to currently used electrospinning techniques in the formation of composite 3D nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Dr. Anthony Volpe Research Center , American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Drago
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skrtic
authors.forename: Jirun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wojtek
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tutak
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D015675:Osteocalcin; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D004247:DNA; D015040:Zirconium