title: The PROMIS Smoking Initiative: initial validity evidence for six new smoking item banks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Smoking Initiative has developed 6 item banks for assessing smoking behaviors and biopsychosocial correlates of smoking among daily and nondaily adult cigarette smokers. This paper presents descriptive information and preliminary validity evidence for the item banks (Nicotine Dependence, Coping Expectancies, Emotional and Sensory Expectancies, Health Expectancies, Psychosocial Expectancies, and Social Motivations).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from a large sample of daily (N = 4,201) and nondaily (N = 1,183) smokers, we generated mean daily and nondaily smoking bank scores according to select demographic groups. We also examined correlations among the 6 banks and examined the associations of bank scores with smoking behavior items (e.g., quantity of smoking, interest in quitting) and select health-related quality of life measures (i.e., physical functioning, anxiety, alcohol consumption).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations among the 6 banks are moderate (daily mean r = .48, range = .04-.80; nondaily mean r = .47, range = .12-.75). The pattern of associations between bank scores and other measures provides validity evidence for the bank domains (e.g., nicotine dependence is most strongly associated with smoking quantity and time to first cigarette of the day; health and psychosocial expectancies are most related to quitting recency and interest; coping expectancies are strongly associated with anxiety).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These analyses provide useful descriptive information about the 6 smoking item banks as well as preliminary evidence for their validity. Independent sample data are currently being collected to replicate these findings, to establish test-retest reliability, and to develop crosswalks to existing smoking measures (e.g., nicotine dependence to Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence). Future research will also evaluate the bank scores' sensitivity to change.
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Boston, MA; orlando@rand.org.
authors.forename: Maria Orlando
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Edelen
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stucky
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA;
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Shadel
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA;
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004644:Emotions; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012677:Sensation; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult