title: Effect of bisphenol A on P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux and ultrastructure of the sea urchin embryo.
abstract: Usage of bisphenol A (BPA) in production of polycarbonate plastics has resulted in global distribution of BPA in the environment. These high concentrations cause numerous negative effects to the aquatic biota, among which the most known is the induction of endocrine disruption. The focus of this research was to determine the effects of two experimentally determined concentrations of BPA (100nM and 4μM) on cellular detoxification mechanisms during the embryonic development (2-cell, pluteus) of the rocky sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), primarily the potential involvement of multidrug efflux transport in the BPA intercellular efflux. The results of transport assay, measurements of the intracellular BPA and gene expression surveys, for the first time indicate the importance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) in defense against BPA. Cytotoxic effects of BPA, validated by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), induced the aberrant karyokinesis, and consequently, the impairment of embryo development through the first cell division and retardation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bošnjak
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borra
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iamunno
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benvenuto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ujević
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bušelić
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roje-Busatto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; Assemble Marine Laboratory, Stazione Zoological Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: mladineo@izor.hr.
authors.forename: Ivona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mladineo
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D047328:Paracentrotus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Electron microscopy; Fluorescence; Gene expression; Immunohistochemistry; Sea urchin embryos