title: Comparative evaluation of microleakage in Class II restorations using open vs. closed centripetal build-up techniques with different lining materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of microleakage is important for assessing the success of new restorative materials and methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparative evaluation of microleakage in Class II restorations using open vs. closed centripetal build-up techniques with different lining materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized mesi-occlusal (MO) and distoocclusal (DO) Class II tooth preparations were preparedon 53 molars and samples were randomly divided into six experimental groups and one control group for restorations. Group 1: Open-Sandwich technique (OST) with flowable composite at the gingival seat. Group 2: OST with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) at the gingival seat. Group 3: Closed-Sandwich technique (CST) with flowable composite at the pulpal floor and axial wall. Group 4: CST with RMGIC at the pulpal floor and axial wall. Group 5: OST with flowable composite at the pulpal floor, axial wall, and gingival seat. Group 6: OST with RMGIC at the pulpal floor, axial wall, and gingival seat. Group 7: Control - no lining material, centripetal technique only. After restorations and thermocycling, apices were sealed and samples were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye. Sectioning was followed by stereomicroscopic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were analyzed using Post Hoc Bonferroni test (statistics is not a form of tabulation). Cervical scores of control were more than the exprimental groups (P < 0.05). Less microleakage was observed in CST than OST in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). However, insignificant differences were observed among occlusal scores of different groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Class II composite restorations with centripetal build-up alone or when placed with CST reduces the cervical microleakage when compared to OST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shefali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawani
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vineeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nikhil
keywords: Centripetal build-up technique; closed-sandwich technique; microleakage; open-sandwich technique