title: Multiphasic scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering.
abstract: For a successful clinical outcome, periodontal regeneration requires the coordinated response of multiple soft and hard tissues (periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, and bone) during the wound-healing process. Tissue-engineered constructs for regeneration of the periodontium must be of a complex 3-dimensional shape and adequate size and demonstrate biomechanical stability over time. A critical requirement is the ability to promote the formation of functional periodontal attachment between regenerated alveolar bone, and newly formed cementum on the root surface. This review outlines the current advances in multiphasic scaffold fabrication and how these scaffolds can be combined with cell- and growth factor-based approaches to form tissue-engineered constructs capable of recapitulating the complex temporal and spatial wound-healing events that will lead to predictable periodontal regeneration. This can be achieved through a variety of approaches, with promising strategies characterized by the use of scaffolds that can deliver and stabilize cells capable of cementogenesis onto the root surface, provide biomechanical cues that encourage perpendicular alignment of periodontal fibers to the root surface, and provide osteogenic cues and appropriate space to facilitate bone regeneration. Progress on the development of multiphasic constructs for periodontal tissue engineering is in the early stages of development, and these constructs need to be tested in large animal models and, ultimately, human clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Griffith Health Institute, Regenerative Medicine Center, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia s.ivanovski@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ivanovski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaquette
authors.affiliation: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gronthos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hutmacher
authors.affiliation: Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bartold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: biomaterials; bone; cementum; periodontal ligament; periodontal regeneration; regenerative medicine