title: Assessment of presentation methods for ReFace computerized facial approximations.
abstract: Facial approximations (whether clay sculptures, sketches, or computer-generated) can be presented to the public in a variety of layouts, but there are currently no clear indicators as to what style of presentation is most effective at eliciting recognition. The primary purpose of this study is to determine which of five presentation methods produces the most favorable recognition results. A secondary goal of the research is to evaluate a new method for assessing the accuracy of facial approximations. Previous studies have evaluated facial approximation effectiveness using standards similar to studies of eyewitness identification in which a single, definitive choice must be made by the research participant. These criteria seem inappropriate given that facial approximation is strictly an investigative tool to help narrow the search for potential matching candidates in the process of identification. Results from the study showed a higher performance for methods utilizing more than one image of the approximation, but which specific method performed best varied among approximation subjects. Also, results for all five presentation methods showed that, when given the opportunity to select more than one approximation, participants were consistently better at identifying the correct approximation as one of a few possible matches to the missing person than they were at singling out the correct approximation. This suggests that facial approximations have perhaps been undervalued as investigative tools in previous research.
authors.affiliation: Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Visiting Scientist Program, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, Quantico, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Adam H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Visiting Scientist Program, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, Quantico, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Connie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.affiliation: Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA. Electronic address: keith.monson@ic.fbi.gov.
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Monson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003657:Decision Making; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Facial recognition; Facial reconstruction; Facial reproduction; Missing persons; Unidentified human remains