title: Axial level-specific regulation of neuronal development: lessons from PITX2.
abstract: Transcriptional regulation of gene expression is vital for proper control of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of developing neurons. Pitx2 encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that is highly expressed in the developing and adult mammalian brain. In humans, mutations in PITX2 result in Rieger syndrome, characterized by defects in the development of the eyes, umbilicus, and teeth and variable abnormalities in the brain, including hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia. Alternative splicing of Pitx2 in the mouse results in three isoforms, Pitx2a, Pitx2b, and Pitx2c, each of which is expressed symmetrically along the left-right axis of the brain throughout development. Here, we review recent evidence for axial and brain region-specific requirements for Pitx2 during neuronal migration and differentiation, highlighting known isoform contributions.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Mindy R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097577:Homeobox Protein PITX2
keywords: brain; differentiation; migration; spinal cord