title: Preparation and characterization of galactosylated alginate-chitosan oligomer microcapsule for hepatocytes microencapsulation.
abstract: Galactosylated alginate (GA)-chitosan oligomer microcapsule was prepared to provide a sufficient mechanical stability, a selective permeability and an appropriate three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for hepatocytes microencapsulation. The microcapsule has a unique asymmetric membrane structure, with a dense layer located in the inner surface and gradually decreasing toward the outside surface. The stable microcapsule was obtained when GA lower than 50%, while the permeability was increased with increasing of GA. A balance between mechanical stability and permeability was achieved through modulating membrane porosity and thickness. The optimal microcapsule displays a selective permeability allowing efficient transport of human serum albumin while effectively blocking immunoglobulin G. Hepatocytes exhibited high and long term viability (>92%), proliferability, multicellular spheroid morphology, and enhancement of liver-specific functions in the microcapsule wherein galactose moieties present chemical cues to support cell-matrix interactions while the 3D structure of the microcapsule behaves physical cues to facilitate cell-cell interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address: Youchao@vip.126.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010539:Permeability; D016062:Porosity; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012709:Serum Albumin; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Galactosylated alginate; Hepatocytes; Mechanical stability; Microcapsule; Microenvironment; Selective permeability