title: Trace analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds in environmental water samples by use of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection.
abstract: A novel analytical method using a continuous solid-phase extraction system in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous separation and determination of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) is reported. The method was applied to major EDCs of various types including parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan in water. Samples were preconcentrated by using an automatic solid-phase extraction module containing a sorbent column, and retained analytes eluted with acetonitrile for derivatization with a mixture of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane. A number of variables potentially influencing recovery of the target compounds such as the type of SPE sorbent (Silica gel, Florisil, RP-C18, Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4, Oasis HLB and LiChrolut EN), eluent and properties of the water including pH and ionic strength, were examined. LiChrolut EN was found to be the most efficient sorbent for retaining the analytes, with ∼100% efficiency. The ensuing method was validated with good analytical results including low limits of detection (0.01-0.08ng/L for 100mL of sample) and good linearity (r(2)>0.997) throughout the studied concentration ranges. The method exhibited good accuracy (recoveries of 90-101%) and precision (relative standard deviations less than 7%) in the determination of EDCs in drinking, river, pond, well, swimming pool and waste water. Waste water samples were found to contain the largest number and highest concentrations of analytes (3.2-390ng/L).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, 23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Abdelmonaim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzouz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, 23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain. Electronic address: eballes@ujaen.es.
authors.forename: Evaristo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Continuous solid-phase extraction; Derivatization; Endocrine disrupting compounds; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Water