title: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic reimplantation of the left renal vein for nutcracker syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopic reimplantation of the left renal vein (LRV) for nutcracker syndrome (NCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients with NCS underwent the surgery. Both patients complained of gross hematuria and flank discomfort that could not be relieved by resting. They were placed in a supine position and 5 ports were placed in the right abdominal wall. The procedures were performed with a retroperitoneal approach. The LRV was transected and then reimplanted into the distal inferior vena cava.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedures were performed successfully without any major complications. The total operation time was 105 and 120 min, respectively. Hematuria and flank discomfort were resolved after the surgery. Ultrasonography revealed a patent lumen without compression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic reimplantation of the LRV appears to be a feasible procedure with satisfactory short-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D021501:Flank Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D056888:Patient Positioning; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012092:Replantation; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult