title: Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childbirth fear is reported to affect around 20% of women. However reporting on levels of symptom severity vary. Unlike Scandinavian countries, there has been limited focus on childbirth fear in Australia. The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of low, moderate, high and severe levels of childbirth fear in a large representative sample of pregnant women drawn from a large randomised controlled trial and identify demographic and obstetric characteristics associated with childbirth fear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 1,410 women in their second trimester were recruited from one of three public hospitals in south-east Queensland. Participants were screened for childbirth fear using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (WDEQ-A). Associations of demographic and obstetric factors and levels of childbirth fear between nulliparous and multiparous women were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of childbirth fear was 24% overall, with 31.5% of nulliparous women reporting high levels of fear (score ≥ 66 on the WDEQ-A) compared to 18% of multiparous women. Childbirth fear was associated with paid employment, parity, and mode of last birth, with higher levels of fear in first time mothers (p < 0.001) and in women who had previously had an operative birth (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of childbirth fear in Australian women was comparable to international rates. Significant factors associated with childbirth fear were being in paid employment, and obstetric characteristics such as parity and birth mode in the previous pregnancy. First time mothers had higher levels of fear than women who had birthed before. A previous operative birth was fear provoking. Experiencing a previous normal birth was protective of childbirth fear.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Griffith University, Logan Campus, University Drive, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia. J.Toohill@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toohill
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Creedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult