title: Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides.
abstract: Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. They all showed significant immunomodulatory activities, and PDSP-3 presented the strongest effect. Their observed differences in biological activities were probably due to their structure differences. And monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular weight may affect their immunomodulatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine Preparations, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address: qhwang668@sina.com.
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Bingyou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Yongzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Zunpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address: hxkuang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Haixue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Acidic polysaccharide; Immunomodulatory effects; Partial structure; Plantago depressa; Purification