title: A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation for chronic insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness meditation for the treatment of chronic insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-arm, single-site, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four adults with chronic insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to either mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBTI), or an eight-week self-monitoring (SM) condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient-reported outcome measures were total wake time (TWT) from sleep diaries, the pre-sleep arousal scale (PSAS), measuring a prominent waking correlate of insomnia, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to determine remission and response as clinical endpoints. Objective sleep measures were derived from laboratory polysomnography and wrist actigraphy. Linear mixed models showed that those receiving a meditation-based intervention (MBSR or MBTI) had significantly greater reductions on TWT minutes (43.75 vs 1.09), PSAS (7.13 vs 0.16), and ISI (4.56 vs 0.06) from baseline-to-post compared to SM. Post hoc analyses revealed that each intervention was superior to SM on each of the patient-reported measures, but no significant differences were found when comparing MBSR to MBTI from baseline-to-post. From baseline to 6-month follow-up, MBTI had greater reductions in ISI scores than MBSR (P < 0.05), with the largest difference occurring at the 3-month follow-up. Remission and response rates in MBTI and MBSR were sustained from post-treatment through follow-up, with MBTI showing the highest rates of treatment remission (50%) and response (78.6%) at the 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mindfulness meditation appears to be a viable treatment option for adults with chronic insomnia and could provide an alternative to traditional treatments for insomnia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mindfulness-Based Approaches to Insomnia: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT00768781.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manber
authors.forename: Zindel
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Yinglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Shauna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: behavior therapy; clinical trial; complementary and alternative medicine; insomnia; meditation; mindfulness; sleep