title: Pregnancy outcome according to male diagnosis after ICSI with non-ejaculated sperm compared with ejaculated sperm controls.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe pregnancy outcome in couples who had undergone ICSI using non-ejaculated sperm from men with non-obstructive azoospermia, obstructive azoospermia and aspermia compared with the outcome of ICSI with ejaculated sperm from men with severe oligozoospermia, treated during the same time period. This nationwide cohort study included all children born after ICSI with non-ejaculated sperm in Norway, from when the method was first permitted in Norway in April 2004 to the end of 2010, resulting in 420 pregnancies and a total of 359 children. In 235 of these children, the father was diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia, in 72 with non-obstructive azoospermia, in 31 with aspermia, and in 21 the male cause was unclassifiable. The control group consisted of 760 children from 939 pregnancies conceived by ICSI with ejaculated sperm. Sex ratio, birth weight, rate of pregnancy loss and congenital malformations were not significantly associated with sperm origin or the cause of male factor infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;. Electronic address: nan.oldereid@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Nan B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Oldereid
authors.affiliation: Fertilitetsklinikken Sør, Postbox 263, 3901 Porsgrunn, Norway;
authors.forename: Hans I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Hanevik
authors.affiliation: Helse Fonna HF, 5504 Haugesund, Norway;
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bakkevig
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Clinic, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway;; Department of Public Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway;
authors.forename: Liv B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Romundstad
authors.affiliation: Aleris Hospital, Fertility Center, 0264 Oslo, Norway;
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Magnus
authors.affiliation: IVF-klinikken Oslo AS, 0301 Oslo, Norway;
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hazekamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hentemann
authors.affiliation: KlinikkHausken, 5531 Haugesund, Norway;
authors.forename: Snorre N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Eikeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway;
authors.forename: Siren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skrede
authors.affiliation: Medicus, 7013 Trondheim, Norway;
authors.forename: Ingeborg R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Reitan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tom G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Tanbo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053714:Aspermia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D001724:Birth Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004542:Ejaculation; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa
keywords: PESA; TESA; TESE; aspermia; azoospermia; congenital malformations