title: Penile incarceration with encircling metallic objects: a study of successful removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article aimed to study the various treatment options according to the grading scale for penile incarceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review, of all the case files of patients presented with penile incarceration with encircling metallic object was performed. The patients were analyzed for age, marital status, motive, object used, who applied it, trauma grade, duration of incarceration, removal technique, removal time, anesthesia used and recovery time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of seven patients were identified. The average age was 46.71 years. Self-sexual gratification was the most common motive (five patients). Six patients presented within 24 hours. Grade II of injury was commonest type of injury seen in five patients.The technique of removal chosen was according to grade of penile injury, duration of incarceration and type of object used. Spinal anesthesia was used in most of the cases (five patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penile incarceration with encircling metallic objects is a rare presentation and requires urgent intervention according to trauma grade to prevent complications.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Shyam Shah Medical College , Rewa (M.P.),India .
authors.forename: Pushpendra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, ESI-PGIMSR Hospital , Basaidarapur, New Delhi,India .
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Surgery, Shyam Shah Medical College , Rewa (M.P.),India .
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Shyam Shah Medical College , Rewa (M.P.),India .
authors.forename: Lal Mani
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Aspiration technique; Cutting devices; Encircling metallic objects; Incarceration; Penis; String technique; Trauma grade