title: Development of the PROMIS positive emotional and sensory expectancies of smoking item banks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The positive emotional and sensory expectancies of cigarette smoking include improved cognitive abilities, positive affective states, and pleasurable sensorimotor sensations. This paper describes development of Positive Emotional and Sensory Expectancies of Smoking item banks that will serve to standardize the assessment of this construct among daily and nondaily cigarette smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from daily (N = 4,201) and nondaily (N =1,183) smokers who completed an online survey. To identify a unidimensional set of items, we conducted item factor analyses, item response theory analyses, and differential item functioning analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of fixed-item short forms (SFs) and computer adaptive tests (CATs) to efficiently assess the construct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen items were included in the item banks (15 common across daily and nondaily smokers, 1 unique to daily, 2 unique to nondaily). The item banks are strongly unidimensional, highly reliable (reliability = 0.95 for both), and perform similarly across gender, age, and race/ethnicity groups. A SF common to daily and nondaily smokers consists of 6 items (reliability = 0.86). Results from simulated CATs indicated that, on average, less than 8 items are needed to assess the construct with adequate precision using the item banks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These analyses identified a new set of items that can assess the positive emotional and sensory expectancies of smoking in a reliable and standardized manner. Considerable efficiency in assessing this construct can be achieved by using the item bank SF, employing computer adaptive tests, or selecting subsets of items tailored to specific research or clinical purposes.
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA; jtucker@rand.org.
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA;
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Shadel
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Boston, MA;
authors.forename: Maria Orlando
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Edelen
authors.affiliation: RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA;
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stucky
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: CSE/CRESST, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002138:Calibration; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004644:Emotions; D005006:Ethnicity; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D012677:Sensation; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult