title: Combination of pulsed electric fields, mild heat and essential oils as an alternative to the ultrapasteurization of liquid whole egg.
abstract: The production of microbiologically safe liquid whole egg (LWE) by industrial ultrapasteurization is restricted by the high thermal sensitivity of LWE components. This research proposes an alternative treatment based on the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and mild heat, in the presence of natural essential oils (EOs) or their individual components (ICs). The obtained results indicate that the successive application of PEF (25kV/ and 100kJ/kg) followed by heat (60°C during 3.5') to LWE added with 200μL/L of lemon EO would reach 4log10cycles of inactivation of Salmonella Senftenberg 775W and Listeria monocytogenes, when any of these barriers acting alone inactivated less than 1.5log10cycles of either bacteria. Therefore, the synergism between lemon EO and the successive application of PEF and heat would provide a safety level similar to that of ultrapasteurization treatment for Salmonella Senftenberg 775W and L. monocytogenes, but at a lower temperature. To a lesser extent, synergism with the successive application of PEF and heat was also observed in the presence of 200μL/L of carvacrol, citral, (+)-limonene, or mandarin EO, reaching about 3.5log10cycles of inactivation in Salmonella Senftenberg and 3.0log10cycles in L. monocytogenes, respectively. A sensory test on LWE containing 200μL/L of each additive in the form of omelets and sponge cakes revealed that this concentration of mandarin EO, lemon EO, or (+)-limonene did not decrease the sensory acceptability of the LWE-containing products, and lemon EO and mandarin EO even increased the hedonic acceptability of sponge cakes. In conclusion, this process could be applied in the food industry to obtain microbiologically safe LWE, which could be used to produce egg-based products without decreasing (and even increasing) their sensory appeal.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: espina@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: silmonfort@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monfort
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: ialvalan@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: Diego.Garcia@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Gonzalo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: pagan@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pagán
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081007:Cymenes; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D004560:Electricity; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D000077222:Limonene; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D009812:Odorants; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061352:Pasteurization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D000081007:Cymenes; D005503:Food Additives; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013729:Terpenes; C073316:carvacrol; D000077222:Limonene; C007076:citral
keywords: (+)-Limonene (PubChem CID: 440917); Carvacrol (PubChem CID: 10364); Citral a (PubChem CID: 638011); Citral b (PubChem CID: 643779); Essential oils; Food preservation; Liquid whole egg; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella Senftenberg; Synergism