title: Degradation and mineralization of organic UV absorber compound 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) using UV-254nm/H2O2.
abstract: Various studies have revealed the non-biodegradable and endocrine disrupting properties of sulfonated organic UV absorbers, directing people's attention toward their risks on ecological and human health and hence their removal from water. In this study, UV-254nm/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) was investigated for degrading a model UV absorber compound 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) and a structurally similar compound 1H-benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acid (BSA), with a specific focus on their mineralization. At 4.0mM [H2O2]0, a complete removal of 40.0μM parent PBSA and 25% decrease in TOC were achieved with 190min of UV irradiation; SO4(2-) was formed and reached its maximum level while the release of nitrogen as NH4(+) was much lower (around 50%) at 190min. Sulfate removal was strongly enhanced by increasing [H2O2]0 in the range of 0-4.0mM, with slight inhibition in 4.0-12.0mM. Faster and earlier ammonia formation was observed at higher [H2O2]0. The presence of Br(-) slowed down the degradation and mineralization of both compounds while a negligible effect on the degradation was observed in the presence of Cl(-). Our study provides important technical and fundamental results on the HO based degradation and mineralization of SO3H and N-containing UV absorber compounds.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States.
authors.forename: Wael H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Abdelraheem
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Xuexiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Xiaodi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus. Electronic address: dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Dionysios D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dionysiou
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D001966:Bromine / Q000737:chemistry; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D016877:Oxidants; D013431:Sulfates; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002713:Chlorine; C499767:ensulizole; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001966:Bromine
keywords: 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid (PBSA); Hydrogen peroxide; Mineralization; UV absorber; UV-254nm