title: Altered cerebrovascular reactivity velocity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Interindividual variation in neurovascular reserve and its relationship with cognitive performance is not well understood in imaging in neurodegeneration. We assessed the neurovascular reserve in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Twenty-eight healthy controls (HC), 15 aMCI, and 20 AD patients underwent blood oxygen level-dependent imaging for 9 minutes, breathing alternatively air and 7% carbon dioxide mixture. The data were parcellated into 88 anatomic regions, and carbon dioxide regressors accounting for different washin and washout velocities were fitted to regional average blood oxygen level-dependent signals. Velocity of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was analyzed and correlated with cognitive scores. aMCI and AD patients had significantly slower response than HC (mean time to reach 90% of peak: HC 33 seconds, aMCI and AD 59 seconds). CVR velocity correlated with Mini Mental State Examination in 35 of 88 brain regions (p = 0.019, corrected for multiple comparisons), including 10 regions of the default-mode network, an effect modulated by age. This easily applicable protocol yielded a practical assessment of CVR in cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richiardi
authors.affiliation: Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Monsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van de Ville
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Analysis Center MIAC, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ernst W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Radü
authors.affiliation: University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Reto W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kressig
authors.affiliation: Service neuro-diagnostique et neuro-interventionnel DISIM, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. Electronic address: sven.haller@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Alzheimer; Carbon dioxide; Cognitive decline; MRI; Mild cognitive impairment; Perfusion; Vasoreactivity