title: Effects of an education and home-based pedometer walking program on ischemic heart disease risk factors in people infected with HIV: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD); however, the effects of an education and home-based pedometer walking program on risk factors of IHD are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a 12-month randomized study of an education and home-based pedometer walking program in 84 human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals with risk factors of IHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pedometer step count of the control and intervention groups improved significantly (P = 0.03 for both groups) at 6 months but was not significant at 12 months (P = 0.33 and 0.21, respectively). Significant between-group effects were observed in 6-minute walk test distance (P = 0.01), waist to hip ratio (P = 0.00), glucose (P = 0.00), and high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.01) over the 12-month period. The program did not result in change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as it was associated with perceived stress (r = 0.23; P = 0.03), weight (r = 0.28; P = 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.35; P < 0.00), waist (r = 0.28; P = 0.01) and hip circumference (r = 0.28; P = 0.01). Multivariate generalized estimation equation analysis demonstrated an inverse association between interaction and perceived stress (logB = -0.01; 95% confidence interval: -0.02 to -0.01; P <0.00) and body mass index (logB = -0.02; 95% confidence interval: -0.03 to -0.002; P = 0.02) at group level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An education and home-based pedometer walking program improves physical activity levels, and beneficial changes in other IHD risk factors were noted.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and †Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ronel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Hellen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Myezwa
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Aswegen
authors.forename: Eustasius
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Musenge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D002097:C-Reactive Protein