title: Associations between rice, noodle, and bread intake and sleep quality in Japanese men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that a diet with a high-glycemic index is associated with good sleep quality. Therefore, we investigated the association of sleep quality with the intake of 3 common starchy foods with different glycemic indexes-rice, bread, and noodles-as well as the dietary glycemic index in a Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 1,848 men and women between 20 and 60 years of age. Rice, bread, and noodle consumption was evaluated using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated by using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a global score >5.5 was considered to indicate poor sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for poor sleep across the quintiles of rice consumption were 1.00 (reference), 0.68 (0.49-0.93), 0.61 (0.43-0.85), 0.59 (0.42-0.85), and 0.54 (0.37-0.81) (p for trend = 0.015); those for the quintiles of noodle consumption were 1.00 (reference), 1.25 (0.90-1.74), 1.05 (0.75-1.47), 1.31 (0.94-1.82), and 1.82 (1.31-2.51) (p for trend = 0.002). Bread intake was not associated with sleep quality. A higher dietary glycemic index was significantly associated with a lower risk of poor sleep (p for trend = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high dietary glycemic index and high rice consumption are significantly associated with good sleep in Japanese men and women, whereas bread intake is not associated with sleep quality and noodle consumption is associated with poor sleep. The different associations of these starchy foods with sleep quality might be attributable to the different glycemic index of each food.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Human Health Science Osaka City University, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: School of Health Science, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Science and Fundamental Nursing, Toyama University School of Nursing, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuchi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwazono
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001939:Bread; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D038321:Glycemic Index; D000067940:Glycemic Load; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza; D012890:Sleep; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates