title: Comparison between helical computed tomography angiography and intraoperative findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Live donor nephrectomy has gained popularity on account of the laparoscopic technique, to overcome a small donor pool. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy requires a precise study of the vascular and morphological renal anatomy, as laparoscopy is technically challenging due to the limited field of vision. In-depth knowledge of the renal anatomy before a laparoscopic procedure is essential for a successful transplant. The left kidney is preferred over the right even in cases of multiple vessels because of the long renal vein, which requires precise preoperative vascular mapping. Helical computerized tomography (CT) angiography, with its axial, coronal, and 3D reconstruction, gives a better understanding of renal anatomy. There are instances where the helical CT findings are misleading and less informative in a small number of cases. This study highlights a case study of the helical CT findings compared with the intraoperative findings of 200 live donors, who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, and the renal anatomy has been understood at the same time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1. To compare the helical CT findings on the operated side with the intraoperative findings. 2. To analyze the CT findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred cases of laparoscopic transperitoneal donor nephrectomy were included in this study.
  Chi square test was the statistical test used to compare the findings between CT and the intraoperative data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The axial, coronal, and 3D images of the CT findings were on par with the intraoperative findings in most of the cases. Incidental findings help in the better planning of surgery. Multiple vessels on the left side are preferred over the right sided normal anatomy; with not much technical difficulty with the aid of a helical CT. Male donors had more incidences of multiple vessels, gonadal vein, Retroaortic Renal Vein (RARV), lumbar vein, and duplication of ureter, compared to females. Furthermore, these variations are more in the left side donors. Ninety-two percent of the cases in this study are left-sided donors. The helical CT finding shows that renal vein variations are more on the right side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helical CT is important in delineating the arterial, venous, and ureteral anatomy and can show the important incidental findings. Left renal donors and males have more variations in their renal anatomy. Technically challenging laparoscopic nephrectomy on the multiple-vessel-side donor is possible with the aid of helical CT. The importance of the CT in evaluating donor renal anatomy for a technically challenging laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is commendable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Trust Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Abijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Trust Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Kishore Thekhe
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Adiyat
keywords: Computerized tomography; laparoscopic donor nephrectomy; laparoscopic left donor nephrectomy; laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy; retroaortic renal vein