title: Major intercontinentally distributed sequence types of Kingella kingae and development of a rapid molecular typing tool.
abstract: Although Kingella kingae is the most common etiology of osteoarticular infections in young children, is a frequent cause of bacteremia in those younger than 4 years, and has been involved in clusters of invasive infections among daycare center attendees, the population structure of the species has not been systematically studied. Using multilocus sequence typing, we investigated the genetic diversity of the largest intercontinental collection of K. kingae strains to date. To facilitate typing of bacterial isolates, we developed a novel genotyping tool that targets the DNA uptake sequence (DUS). Among 324 strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers and patients from Israel, Europe, North America, and Australia with various invasive forms of the disease from 1960 to 2013, we identified 64 sequence types (STs) and 12 ST complexes (STcs). Five predominant STcs, comprising 72.2% of all strains, were distributed intercontinentally. ST-6 was the most frequent, showing a worldwide distribution, and appeared genotypically isolated by exhibiting few neighboring STs, suggesting an optimal fitness. ST-14 and ST-23 appeared to be the oldest groups of bacteria, while ST-25 probably emerged more recently from the highly evolutive ST-23. Using the DUS typing method, randomly chosen isolates were correctly classified to one of the major STcs. The comprehensive description of K. kingae evolution would help to detect new emerging clones and decipher virulence and fitness mechanisms. The rapid and reproducible DUS typing method may serve in the initial investigation of K. kingae outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France IAME, UMR 1137, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basmaci
authors.affiliation: IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France IAME, UMR 1137, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bidet
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yagupsky
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Almagro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Nataliya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Balashova
authors.affiliation: IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France IAME, UMR 1137, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doit
authors.affiliation: IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France IAME, UMR 1137, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France stephane.bonacorsi@rdb.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonacorsi
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D017882:Kingella kingae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods*; D016870:Neisseriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors