title: Recovery of Indicators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Aging With (-)-Epicatechin in Senile Mice.
abstract: There is evidence implicating oxidative stress (OS) as the cause of the deleterious effects of aging. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin (Epi) to reduce aging-induced OS and restore mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as, structural and functional endpoints in aged mice. Senile (S; 26-month-old) C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to receive either water (vehicle) or 1mg/kg of Epi via oral gavage (twice daily) for 15 days. Young (Y; 6-month-old) mice were used as controls. In S brain, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle (compared with Y animals) an increase in OS was observed as evidenced by increased protein-free carbonyls and decreased reduced glutathione levels as well as sirtuin 3, superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, thioredoxin and glutathione peroxidase protein levels. Well-recognized factors (eg, sirtuin 1) that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial structure- and/or function-related endpoints (eg, mitofilin and citrate synthase) protein levels were also reduced in S organs. In contrast, the aging biomarker senescence-associated β-galactosidase was increased in S compared with Y animals, and Epi administration reduced levels towards those observed in Y animals. Altogether, these data suggest that Epi is capable of shifting the biology of S mice towards that of Y animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA . Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno-Ulloa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Méis, CCS, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .
authors.forename: Alonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barboza
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceballos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA .
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villarreal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA . Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico. israel.ramirez14@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D002392:Catechin; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase
keywords: (−)-Epicatechin; Mitochondrial biogenesis; Oxidative stress; Senescence-associated β-galactosidase.