title: Preclinical evaluation and test-retest studies of [(18)F]PSS232, a novel radioligand for targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A novel, (18)F-labelled metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) derivative of [(11)C]ABP688 ([(11)C]1), [(18)F]PSS232 ([(18)F] ]5), was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for its potential as a PET agent and was used in test-retest reliability studies
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiosynthesis of [(18)F]5 was accomplished via a one-step reaction using a mesylate precursor. In vitro stability was determined in PBS and plasma, and with liver microsomal enzymes. Metabolite studies were performed using rat brain extracts, blood and urine. In vitro autoradiography was performed on horizontal slices of rat brain using 1 and 8, antagonists for mGlu5 and mGlu1, respectively. Small-animal PET, biodistribution, and test-retest studies were performed in Wistar rats. In vivo, dose-dependent displacement studies were performed using 6 and blocking studies with 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  [(18)F]5 was obtained in decay-corrected maximal radiochemical yield of 37 % with a specific activity of 80 - 400 GBq/μmol. Treatment with rat and human microsomal enzymes in vitro for 60 min resulted in 20 % and 4 % of hydrophilic radiometabolites, respectively. No hydrophilic decomposition products or radiometabolites were found in PBS or plasma. In vitro autoradiography on rat brain slices showed a heterogeneous distribution consistent with the known distribution of mGlu5 with high binding to hippocampal and cortical regions, and negligible radioactivity in the cerebellum. Similar distribution of radioactivity was found in PET images. Under displacement conditions with 6, reduced [(18)F]5 binding was found in all brain regions except the cerebellum. 7 reduced binding in the striatum by 84 % on average. Test-retest studies were reproducible with a variability ranging from 6.8 % to 8.2 %. An extended single-dose toxicity study in Wistar rats showed no compound-related adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new mGlu5 radiotracer, [(18)F]5, showed specific and selective in vitro and in vivo properties and is a promising radioligand for PET imaging of mGlu5 in humans.
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences of ETH, PSI and USZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Selena Milicevic
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sephton
authors.forename: Adrienne Müller
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Herde
authors.forename: Linjing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüdisühli
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Auberson
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schibli
authors.forename: Stefanie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ametamey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008297:Male; D010091:Oximes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010091:Oximes; C000600167:PSS232; D011725:Pyridines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5