title: Cumulative dietary exposure to a selected group of pesticides of the triazole group in different European countries according to the EFSA guidance on probabilistic modelling.
abstract: The practicality was examined of performing a cumulative dietary exposure assessment according to the requirements of the EFSA guidance on probabilistic modelling. For this the acute and chronic cumulative exposure to triazole pesticides was estimated using national food consumption and monitoring data of eight European countries. Both the acute and chronic cumulative dietary exposures were calculated according to two model runs (optimistic and pessimistic) as recommended in the EFSA guidance. The exposures obtained with these model runs differed substantially for all countries, with the highest exposures obtained with the pessimistic model run. In this model run, animal commodities including cattle milk and different meat types, entered in the exposure calculations at the level of the maximum residue limit (MRL), contributed most to the exposure. We conclude that application of the optimistic model run on a routine basis for cumulative assessments is feasible. The pessimistic model run is laborious and the exposure results could be too far from reality. More experience with this approach is needed to stimulate the discussion of the feasibility of all the requirements, especially the inclusion of MRLs of animal commodities which seem to result in unrealistic conclusions regarding their contribution to the dietary exposure.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: polly.boon@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: Polly E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: gerda.van.donkersgoed@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Donkersgoed
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, State General Laboratory, 44 Kimonos Street, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: dchristodoulou@sgl.moh.gov.cy.
authors.forename: Despo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 27-31 avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. Electronic address: amelie.crepet@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crépet
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di ricerca per gli alimenti e la NUTrizione (Agricultural Research Council - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition) (CRA-NUT), via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Addezio
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 27-31 avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. Electronic address: Virginie.desvignes@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Desvignes
authors.affiliation: National Food Agency, Risk Benefit Assessment Department, Box 622, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: b-g.ericsson@slv.se.
authors.forename: Bengt-Göran
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.affiliation: ICPS - International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention, AO "Luigi Sacco", Polo Universitario, Padiglione 17, Via G.B. Grassi, 74 Milan Hospital, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.galimberti@icps.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, State General Laboratory, 44 Kimonos Street, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: elkakour@spidernet.com.cy.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ioannou-Kakouri
authors.affiliation: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Food Chemistry, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK 2860 Søborg, Denmark. Electronic address: bhje@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Bodil Hamborg
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Center for Health, Nutrition and Food, Palackého 3a, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: rehurkova@chpr.szu.cz.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rehurkova
authors.affiliation: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 27-31 avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France. Electronic address: josselin.rety@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Josselin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rety
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Center for Health, Nutrition and Food, Palackého 3a, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jruprich@chpr.szu.cz.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruprich
authors.affiliation: National Food Agency, Risk Benefit Assessment Department, Box 622, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: salomon.sand@slv.se.
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.affiliation: Health and Safety Executive, Chemicals Regulation Directorate, Mallard House, Kings Pool, 3 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX, UK. Electronic address: cstephenson@exponent.com.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.affiliation: National Food Agency, Risk Benefit Assessment Department, Box 622, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: anita.stromberg@slv.se.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strömberg
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di ricerca per gli alimenti e la NUTrizione (Agricultural Research Council - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition) (CRA-NUT), via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: aida.turrini@entecra.it.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turrini
authors.affiliation: Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: hilko.vandervoer@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Hilko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van der Voet
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, State General Laboratory, 44 Kimonos Street, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: pziegler@sgl.moh.gov.cy.
authors.forename: Popi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Health and Safety Executive, Chemicals Regulation Directorate, Mallard House, Kings Pool, 3 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX, UK. Electronic address: paul.hamey@hse.gsi.gov.uk.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamey
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jacob.van.klaveren@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Klaveren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods*; D005062:European Union; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000592:standards; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D014230:Triazoles
keywords: Acute exposure; Chronic exposure; Cumulative Assessment Group; Cumulative dietary exposure; EFSA; Probabilistic modelling