title: IKK β -Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Butanol Fraction of Artificially Cultivated Cordyceps pruinosa Fruit Bodies.
abstract: The inhibitory activities of the Cordyceps pruinosa butanol fraction (Cp-BF) were investigated by determining inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells and by evaluating HCl/ethanol (EtOH)-triggered gastric ulcers in mice. The molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of Cp-BF were investigated by identifying target enzymes using biochemical and molecular biological approaches. Cp-BF strongly inhibited the production of NO and TNF-α, release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytic uptake of FITC-dextran, and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α in activated RAW264.7 cells. Cp-BF also strongly downregulated the NF-κB pathway by suppressing IKKβ according to luciferase reporter assays and immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, Cp-BF blocked both increased levels of NF-κB-mediated luciferase activities and phosphorylation of p65/p50 observed by IKKβ overexpression. Finally, orally administered Cp-BF was found to attenuate gastric ulcer and block the phosphorylation of IκBα induced by HCl/EtOH. Therefore, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of Cp-BF may be mediated by suppression of IKKα and its downstream NF-κB activation. Since our group has established the mass cultivation conditions by developing culture conditions for Cordyceps pruinosa, the information presented in this study may be useful for developing new anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Gyung
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gi-Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang-Soo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3164-7379
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungjae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yung Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mushroom, Mushtech, Chuncheon 200-180, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok Hyo
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Woong
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungyoul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Youl
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8141-9927
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho