title: Protection of coronary endothelial function during cardiac surgery: potential of targeting endothelial ion channels in cardioprotection.
abstract: Vascular endothelium plays a critical role in the control of blood flow by producing vasoactive factors to regulate vascular tone. Ion channels, in particular, K(+) channels and Ca(2+)-permeable channels in endothelial cells, are essential to the production and function of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. Impairment of coronary endothelial function occurs in open heart surgery that may result in reduction of coronary blood flow and thus in an inadequate myocardial perfusion. Hyperkalemic exposure and concurrent ischemia-reperfusion during cardioplegic intervention compromise NO and EDHF-mediated function and the impairment involves alterations of K(+) channels, that is, KATP and KCa, and Ca(2+)-permeable TRP channels in endothelial cells. Pharmacological modulation of these channels during ischemia-reperfusion and hyperkalemic exposure show promising results on the preservation of NO and EDHF-mediated endothelial function, which suggests the potential of targeting endothelial K(+) and TRP channels for myocardial protection during cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China ; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Cheuk-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin 300457, China ; The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University and Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Malcolm John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Underwood
mesh_terms: D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D015424:Reperfusion; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels