title: Cloning and characterization of a Phragmites australis phytochelatin synthase (PaPCS) and achieving Cd tolerance in tall fescue.
abstract: The production of phytochelatins (PCs) provides an important means for plants to achieve tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. A reed gene encoding PC synthase (PaPCS) was isolated and its function tested through its heterologous expression in a strain of yeast sensitive to Cd. Subsequently, the Cd sensitive and high biomass accumulating species tall fescue was transformed either with PaPCS or PaGCS (a glutamyl cysteine synthetase gene of reed) on their own (single transformants), or with both genes together in the same transgene cassette (double transformant). The single and double transformants showed greater Cd tolerance and accumulated more Cd and PC than wild type plants, and their Cd leaf/root ratio content was higher. The ranking in terms of Cd and PC content for the various transgenic lines was double transformants>PaGCS single transformants>PaPCS single transformants>wild type. Thus PaGCS appears to exert a greater influence than PaPCS over PC synthesis and Cd tolerance/accumulation. The double transformant has interesting potential for phytoremediation.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Cuizhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fengning
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D019881:Aminoacyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D031751:Festuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases; C093784:glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase; D005978:Glutathione; D019256:Cadmium Chloride