title: Multifamily psychoeducation for improvement of mental health among relatives of patients with major depressive disorder lasting more than one year: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a long-lasting disorder with frequent relapses that have significant effects on the patient's family. Family psychoeducation is recognized as part of the optimal treatment for patients with psychotic disorder. A previous randomized controlled trial has found that family psychoeducation is effective in enhancing the treatment of MDD. Although MDD can easily become a chronic illness, there has been no intervention study on the families of patients with chronic depression. In the present study, we design a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of family psychoeducation in improving the mental health of relatives of patients with MDD lasting more than one year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants are patients with MDD lasting more than one year and their relatives. Individually randomized, parallel-group trial design will be employed. Participants will be allocated to one of two treatment conditions: relatives will receive (a) family psychoeducation (four, two-hour biweekly multifamily psychoeducation sessions) plus treatment-as-usual for the patient (consultation by physicians), or (b) counseling for the family (one counseling session from a nurse) plus treatment-as-usual for the patient. The primary outcome measure will be relatives' mental health as measured by K6 that was developed to screen for DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorder. Additionally, the severity of depressive symptoms in patients measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scale will be assessed. Data from the intention-to-treat sample will be analyzed 16 weeks after randomization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of family psychoeducation for relatives of patients with MDD lasting more than one year. If this type of intervention is effective, it could be a new method of rehabilitation for patients with MDD lasting more than one year.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical Trials.gov NCT01734291 (registration date: 18 October 2012).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Nagoya City University School of Nursing, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 4678601, Japan. katsuki@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Fujika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsurou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akechi
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic