title: Screening methodologies for the development of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a new screening methodology intended to be used in the early development of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A model that combines thermodynamic, kinetic and manufacturing considerations was implemented to obtain estimates of the miscibility and phase behavior of different itraconazole-based solid dispersions. Additionally, a small-scale solvent casting protocol was developed to enable a fast assessment on the amorphous stability of the different drug-polymer systems. Then, solid dispersions at predefined drug loads were produced in a lab-scale spray dryer for powder characterization and comparison of the results generated by the model and solvent cast samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained with the model enabled the ranking of the polymers from a miscibility standpoint. Such ranking was consistent with the experimental data obtained by solvent casting and spray drying. Moreover, the range of optimal drug load determined by the model was as well consistent with the experimental results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The screening methodology presented in this work showed that a set of amorphous formulation candidates can be assessed in a computer model, enabling not only the determination of the most suitable polymers, but also of the optimal drug load range to be tested in laboratory experiments. The set of formulation candidates can then be further fine-tuned with solvent casting experiments using a small amount of API, which will then provide the decision for the final candidate formulations to be assessed in spray drying experiments.
authors.affiliation: iMed - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lisbon, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Íris
authors.initials: Í
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: João F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temtem
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004355:Drug Stability; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000737:chemistry*; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D008956:Models, Chemical; D044367:Phase Transition; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D012997:Solvents; D017964:Itraconazole