title: Glycated albumin and calprotectin levels in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a high prevalence of periodontitis. Periodontitis in these patients is characterized by severe inflammation and tissue breakdown, and its diagnosis is important for cures of periodontitis and DM. The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of glycated albumin (GA), a DM marker, and calprotectin, an inflammatory marker, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with periodontitis and DM (DM-P).
  
  
  METHODS
  The 78 participants in this study were patients with DM, chronic periodontitis (CP), DM-P, and healthy individuals (H). GCF and blood were collected, and GA and calprotectin in GCF were analyzed using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels were compared among H, DM, CP, and DM-P groups. Blood GA and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured, and the correlation among GCF GA and blood HbA1c or GA levels was investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for GCF GA to predict DM was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GA was identified in GCF, and its amount/concentration in GCF samples from DM and DM-P were significantly higher than those of non-DM groups (H and CP). Calprotectin amounts in GCF from CP and DM-P were significantly higher than in H and DM groups. GCF GA level was positively correlated with blood HbA1c and GA level. ROC analysis of GCF GA showed an optimal cutoff value to predict DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA showed a high level in GCF from patients with DM. Examination of GA and calprotectin in GCF may be useful for predicting DM-P.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajiura
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kido
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
keywords: diabetes mellitus; diagnosis; gingival crevicular fluid; glycated albumin; periodontics