title: Comparative study on the suitability of two techniques for measuring the transfer of lipophilic drug models from lipid nanoparticles to lipophilic acceptors.
abstract: Due to their particle size in the submicrometer range, lipid nanoparticles are suitable for parenteral administration. In order to obtain information on their potential in vivo performance, a simple and effective in vitro assay to evaluate the drug release behavior of such particles is required. This study compares the use of different experimental setups for this purpose. Lipid nanoparticles from trimyristin which were loaded with fluorescent lipophilic drug models (a temoporfin and Nile red) were used as donor particles. The transfer of the two drug models to multilamellar vesicles (MLV) and emulsion droplets as lipophilic acceptor compartments was examined. The determination of the transferred substance was performed either after separation by centrifugation or by an in situ flow cytometric technique. The transfer of temoporfin was slow to the acceptor MLV and very rapid to the acceptor emulsion. With both acceptors, the transfer of temoporfin stopped at a concentration much lower than the theoretical equilibrium values. The transfer of the less lipophilic drug Nile red was very rapid to both acceptors with equilibrium concentrations close to the expected values. The transfer results of temoporfin especially to the acceptor MLV obtained with the two detection techniques were comparable while the centrifugation technique indicated an apparently higher Nile red transfer rate than the flow cytometric technique. Both techniques are equally suitable to study the transfer of temoporfin, while the flow cytometric technique is advantageous to measure the very rapid transfer of Nile red.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, mohameddawoud2013@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dawoud
authors.forename: Fahima M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hashem
mesh_terms: D002498:Centrifugation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008081:Liposomes; D008652:Mesoporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010078:Oxazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008081:Liposomes; D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D010078:Oxazines; D014280:Triglycerides; C036694:trimyristin; C072269:temoporfin; C044808:nile red