title: Gender-specific metabolic responses in hepatopancreas of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis challenged by Vibrio harveyi.
abstract: Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is a marine aquaculture shellfish and frequently studied in shellfish immunology. In this work, the gender-specific metabolic responses induced by Vibrio harveyi in hepatopancreas from M. galloprovincialis were characterized using NMR-based metabolomics. In details, V. harveyi challenge increased the levels of amino acids including (valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, alanine, arginine and tyrosine) and ATP, and decreased the level of glucose in male mussel hepatopancreas. In V. harveyi-challenged female mussel hepatopancreas, both threonine and AMP were significantly elevated, and choline, phoshphocholine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, taurine, betaine and ATP were depleted. Obviously, only threonine was similarly altered to that in V. harveyi-challenged male mussel hepatopancreas. These findings confirmed the gender-specific metabolic responses in mussels challenged by V. harveyi. Overall, V. harveyi induced an enhanced energy demand through activated glycolysis and immune response indicated by increased BCAAs in male mussel hepatopancreas. In female mussel hepatopancreas, V. harveyi basically caused disturbances in both osmotic regulation and energy metabolism through the metabolic pathways of conversions of phosphocholine and ADP to choline and ATP, and sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and H2O into choline and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. The altered mRNA expression levels of related genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, HSP90, lysozyme and defensin) suggested that V. harveyi induced obvious oxidative and immune stresses in both male and female mussel hepatopancreas. This work demonstrated that V. harveyi could induce gender-specific metabolic responses in mussel M. galloprovincialis hepatopancreas using NMR-based metabolomics.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China. Electronic address: zlylxl2009@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
authors.forename: Hushan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
authors.forename: Yiyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengwen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuemei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D049878:Mytilus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Gender-specific responses; Hepatopancreas; Metabolomics; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Vibrio harveyi