title: Adherence to American society of health-system pharmacists surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in a teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical site infections are the second most common type of adverse events occurring in hospitalized patients, whereas an estimated 40-60% of these infections are thought to be preventable. Choice of regimen, administration timing or duration of antibiotic prophylaxis is reported to be inappropriate in approximately 25-50% of cases. We tried to evaluate an antibiotic administration pattern for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in a teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the general surgery and orthopedic wards of a teaching hospital affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The medical records of admitted patients who underwent different surgical procedures were reviewed. Compliance was assessed with the recommendations of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' guidelines for every aspect of antibiotic prophylaxis. All data were coded and analyzed by SPSS16 software using Student's t-test and Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1 year, 759 patients who underwent different surgeries were included in the study. Mean age of patients was 32.02 ± 18.79 years. Hand and foot fractures repair were the most frequent surgery types. About 56.4% of administered prophylactic antibiotics were in accordance with the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines regarding prophylaxis indication. The most commonly antibiotic used was cefazolin and antibiotic choices were appropriate in 104 of 168 surgical procedures (62%). Gentamicin, metronidazole and ceftriaxone were the most frequently antibiotics that used inappropriately. Only in 100 of 168 procedures, duration was concordant with the ASHP guideline, whereas in 68 procedures, duration was longer than recommended time. In 98 procedures, the dose was lower and in one procedure, it was higher than recommended doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although such guidelines have been in place for many years, studies showed that much inappropriate antibiotic use as prophylaxis and poor adherence to guidelines are still major issues. It is essential for surgeons to be aware to consider the best antibiotic choices, dose and duration based on reliable guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafati
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirhosein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Omran
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Habibi
keywords: Adherence; American Society of Health System Pharmacists guidelines; antibiotic prophylaxis; surgical