title: Video game addiction in gambling disorder: clinical, psychopathological, and personality correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the prevalences of video game use (VGU) and addiction (VGA) in gambling disorder (GD) patients and compared them with subjects with non-video game use (non-VGU) in relation to their gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 193 GD patients (121 non-VGU, 43 VGU, and 29 VGA) consecutively admitted to our pathological gambling unit participated in the study. Assessment. Measures included the video game dependency test (VDT), symptom checklist-90-revised, and the temperament and character inventory-revised, as well as a number of other GD indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In GD, the observed prevalence of VG (use or addiction) was 37.3% (95% CI :30.7% ÷ 44.3),VGU 22.3% (95% CI :17.0% ÷ 28.7), and VGA 15% (95% CI :10.7% ÷ 20.7). Orthogonal polynomial contrast into logistic regression showed positive linear trends for VG level and GD severity and other measures of general psychopathology. After structural equation modeling, higher VG total scores were associated with younger age, general psychopathology, and specific personality traits, but not with GD severity. Patients' sex and age were involved in the mediational pathways between personality traits and VG impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GD patients with VG are younger and present more dysfunctional personality traits, and more general psychopathology. The presence of VG did not affect the severity of GD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.affiliation: Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chóliz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Verde
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Signorelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sociology, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gustavo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aymamí
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Departament of Nursing Public Health, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Pino-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fagundo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauchelli
authors.affiliation: CIBER, Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández-Formoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018910:Video Games / Q000009:adverse effects*