title: Endogenous neurogenesis following ischaemic brain injury: insights for therapeutic strategies.
abstract: Ischaemic stroke is among the most common yet most intractable types of central nervous system (CNS) injury in the adult human population. In the acute stages of disease, neurons in the ischaemic lesion rapidly die and other neuronal populations in the ischaemic penumbra are vulnerable to secondary injury. Multiple parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that cerebral ischaemia initiates an endogenous regenerative response within the adult brain that potentiates adult neurogenesis from populations of neural stem and progenitor cells. A major research focus has been to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the potentiation of adult neurogenesis and to appreciate how interventions designed to modulate these processes could enhance neural regeneration in the post-ischaemic brain. In this review, we highlight recent advances over the last 5 years that help unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms that potentiate endogenous neurogenesis following cerebral ischaemia and are dissecting the functional importance of this regenerative mechanism following brain injury. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: the challenge of translation.
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. Electronic address: tmerson@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tobias D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Merson
authors.affiliation: Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Building 75, Level 1 North STRIP 1, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. Electronic address: james.bourme@monash.edu.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bourne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D014635:Valproic Acid
keywords: Brain repair; Cell proliferation; Cell signalling; Neural stem cells; Stroke