title: Microbial signature profiles of periodontally healthy and diseased patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine microbial profiles that discriminate periodontal health from different forms of periodontal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (27), gingivitis (11), chronic periodontitis (35) and aggressive periodontitis (24), and analysed for the presence of >250 species/phylotypes using HOMIM. Microbial differences among groups were examined by Mann-Whitney U-test. Regression analyses were performed to determine microbial risk indicators of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Putative and potential new periodontal pathogens were more prevalent in subjects with periodontal diseases than periodontal health. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis/Porphyromonas spp. (OR 9.5 [1.2-73.1]) and Tannerella forsythia (OR 38.2 [3.2-450.6]), and absence of Neisseria polysaccharea (OR 0.004 [0-0.15]) and Prevotella denticola (OR 0.014 [0-0.49], p < 0.05) were risk indicators of periodontal disease. Presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR 29.4 [3.4-176.5]), Cardiobacterium hominis (OR 14.9 [2.3-98.7]), Peptostreptococcaceae sp. (OR 35.9 [2.7-483.9]), P. alactolyticus (OR 31.3 [2.1-477.2]), and absence of Fretibacterium spp. (OR 0.024 [0.002-0.357]), Fusobacterium naviforme/Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii (OR 0.015 [0.001-0.223]), Granulicatella adiacens/Granulicatella elegans (OR 0.013 [0.001-0.233], p < 0.05) were associated with aggressive periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were specific microbial signatures of the subgingival biofilm that were able to distinguish between microbiomes of periodontal health and diseases. Such profiles may be used to establish risk of disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita Gomes Baêta
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Carina Maciel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Silva-Boghossian
authors.forename: Sean L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paster
authors.forename: Ana Paula Vieira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018441:Biofilms; D044066:Cardiobacterium / Q000145:classification; D056568:Carnobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000145:classification; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009343:Neisseria / Q000145:classification; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000145:classification; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000382:microbiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology*; D017861:Porphyromonas / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045202:Porphyromonas endodontalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018720:Prevotella / Q000145:classification; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: aggressive periodontitis; biofilm; chronic periodontitis; gingivitis; microarray analysis; microbiota