title: Current animal models of bladder cancer: Awareness of translatability (Review).
abstract: Experimental animal models are crucial in the study of biological behavior and pathological development of cancer, and evaluation of the efficacy of novel therapeutic or preventive agents. A variety of animal models that recapitulate human urothelial cell carcinoma have thus far been established and described, while models generated by novel techniques are emerging. At present a number of reviews on animal models of bladder cancer comprise the introduction of one type of method, as opposed to commenting on and comparing all classifications, with the merits of a certain method being explicit but the shortcomings not fully clarified. Thus the aim of the present study was to provide a summary of the currently available animal models of bladder cancer including transplantable (which could be divided into xenogeneic or syngeneic, heterotopic or orthotopic), carcinogen-induced and genetically engineered models in order to introduce their materials and methods and compare their merits as well as focus on the weaknesses, difficulties in operation, associated problems and translational potential of the respective models. Findings of these models would provide information for authors and clinicians to select an appropriate model or to judge relevant preclinical study findings. Pertinent detection methods are therefore briefly introduced and compared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunwu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
keywords: animal model; bladder cancer; carcinogen-induced; genetically engineered mouse; translatability