title: An alternative micromethod to access the procoagulant activity of Bothrops jararaca venom and the efficacy of antivenom.
abstract: The assessment of the capacity of antivenoms to neutralize the lethal activity of snake venoms still relies largely on traditional rodent lethality assay (LD50). However, adequately validated in vitro tests should be introduced for assessing antivenom neutralizing capacity in plasma of immunized horses as well as for in-process quality control. The dynamic of fibrin formation in recalcified avian plasma samples is extremely slow, when compared to that presented by mammalian plasmas. In this study, we present one new coagulant assay, by performing dose-response curve after plotting the clotting time (CT) parameter of the ROTEM profile of recalcified chicken plasma samples (target) against semi-logarithmic doses of Bothrops jararaca venom (agonist), either in absence or in presence of the semi-logarithmic doses of anti-bothropic serum (ABS) (antagonist). The mean coagulant dose 50% (CD50) was defined as the quantity of venom (in μg) which reduces CT to 900 s, between minimum and maximum responses. The CT induced by 5CD50 of the venom was used as the control for calculating the effective dose (ED) of each batch of ABS. ED was defined as the ABS dose (nanoliters, nL) at which CT induced by one amount of venom corresponding to 5CD50 is displaced to the maximum threshold (1800 s). Five batches of the ABS, previously assayed for their lethality neutralizing activity (ED50) were assayed. The correlation coefficient (r) between both in vitro (ED) and in vivo (ED50) values was 0.87 (p value < 0.05). We propose this micro method as highly sensitive for characterization and quantification of possible procoagulant activity of small doses of snake venoms (nanograms) and for detecting small doses (nanoliters) of specific antibodies against this effect in little volume samples of biological fluids.
authors.affiliation: Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: nancy.oguiura@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oguiura
authors.affiliation: Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: josana.kapronezai@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kapronezai
authors.affiliation: Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: thayanep4@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: marisa.rocha@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: M M T
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Vital Brasil Hospital, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: carlos.medeiros@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jose.marcelino@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marcelino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: benedito.prezoto@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Prezoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017837:Bothrops; D002645:Chickens; D003029:Coagulants / Q000633:toxicity*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011517:Prothrombin Time
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D003029:Coagulants; D003435:Crotalid Venoms
keywords: Antivenom neutralization; Bothrops jararaca venom; Chicken plasma; Coagulation; Rotational thromboelastometry