title: Glucagon in the artificial pancreas: supply and marketing challenges.
abstract: The use of glucagon, in conjunction with insulin, in a dual chamber pump (artificial pancreas, AP) is a working goal for multiple companies and researchers. However, capital investment to create, operate, and maintain facilities with sufficient scale to produce enough glucagon to treat millions of patients, at a level of profit that makes it feasible, will be substantial. It can be assumed that the marketplace will expect the daily cost of glucagon (to the consumer) to be similar to the daily cost of insulin. After one subtracts wholesaler and pharmacy markup, there may be very few dollars remaining for the drug company to cover profit, capital expenditures, marketing, burden, and other costs. Without the potential for adequate margins, manufacturers may not be willing to take the risk. Assuming that the projections discussed in this article are in the right ballpark, advance planning for the supply for glucagon needs to start today and not wait for the AP to come to market.
authors.affiliation: Enject, Inc, Battle Ground, WA, USA drylander@enject.com.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rylander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy; D017277:Drug Approval; D016527:Drug Costs; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D019981:Health Care Sector; D006801:Humans; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005934:Glucagon
keywords: artificial pancreas; drug development; glucagon; type 1 diabetes