title: Lipase-mediated lipid removal from propolis extract and its antiradical and antimicrobial activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propolis contains many antioxidants such as polyphenols and flavonoids. However, propolis-derived lipid components interrupt an efficient isolation of antioxidants from propolis extract. We examined the effectiveness of various lipase treatments for the removal of lipids from propolis extract and evaluated the biological features of the extract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipase OF and Novozyme 435 treatments did not reduce fatty acid level in propolis extract. However, Lipozyme TL IM-treated propolis extract showed a significant decrease in fatty acid level, suggesting the removal of lipids. Lipozyme RM IM also significantly decreased the fatty acid level of the extract, but was accompanied by the reduction of polyphenols and flavonoids, which are antioxidants. In Lipozyme TL IM treatment, an increase in active flavonoids, such as Artepillin C and kaempferide, was observed, with a slight increase of ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) radical-scavenging activity. In addition, antimicrobial activity towards skin health-related bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes was enhanced by Lipozyme TL IM treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipozyme TL IM treatment effectively removes lipids from propolis extract and enhances antibacterial activity. Therefore, we suggest that Lipozyme TL IM is a useful lipase for lipid removal of propolis extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Song Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Yooheon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyeon-Son
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D059808:Polyphenols; D011429:Propolis; C093666:Lipozyme; C093667:Novozyme 435; D008049:Lipase
keywords: Lipozyme TL IM; antimicrobial effect; lipid removal; propolis