title: Consumption of green coffee reduces blood pressure and body composition by influencing 11β-HSD1 enzyme activity in healthy individuals: a pilot crossover study using green and black coffee.
abstract: Dietary polyphenols may have a protective role against the development of CVD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of green coffee (GC), rich in chlorogenic acid, and black coffee (BC) on cardiovascular markers. A randomised pilot crossover study was performed on healthy subjects who consumed both coffees for 2 weeks. We measured anthropometry, blood pressure, and arterial elasticity after each intervention and collected urine samples to monitor antioxidant capacity. Free cortisol and cortisone levels were obtained from urine and analysed by specific ELISA methods. Systolic blood pressure (P = 0.018) and arterial elasticity (P = 0.001) were significantly reduced after GC. BMI (P = 0.04 for BC; P = 0.01 for GC) and abdominal fat (P = 0.01 for BC; P = 0.009 for GC) were also significantly reduced with no changes in energy intake. Urinary free cortisol was significantly reduced from 125.6 ± 85.9 nmol/day to 76.0 ± 54.9 nmol/day following GC and increased to 132.1 ± 89.1 nmol/day after BC. Urinary free cortisone increased by 18% following BC and 9% following GC (nonsignificant). Cortisol/cortisone ratio (indicating 11β-HSD1 activity) was reduced after GC (from 3.5 ± 1.9 to 1.7 ± 1.04, P = 0.002). This suggests that GC can play a role in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Further research including hypertensive and overweight individuals will now be justified to clarify whether GC could have a therapeutic role in CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Revuelta-Iniesta
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Queen Margaret University Drive, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK.
authors.forename: E A S
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Al-Dujaili
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010865:Pilot Projects; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D003069:Coffee; D059808:Polyphenols; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone