title: Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases: a 3-year follow-up to the road study.
abstract: Assessment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in association with the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases using a population-based cohort study design revealed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels could predict the occurrence of osteoporosis at the femoral neck within 3 years, but not the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis or lumbar spondylosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to clarify the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels and occurrence of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability study, a large-scale population-based cohort study, was performed during 2005-2007. Serum 25D levels were measured in 1,683 participants. Of these, 1,384 individuals (81.9%) completed a second follow-up survey 3 years later. Osteoporosis was defined according to World Health Organization criteria, in which osteoporosis is diagnosed by T-scores of bone mineral density (BMD) that are 2.5 standard deviations (SD) less than normal BMD. Knee osteoarthritis and lumbar spondylosis were defined as Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2, using paired X-ray films. Cumulative incidences were determined according to changes in measurements using World Health Organization criteria for osteoporosis or Kellgren-Lawrence grades for osteoarthritis between the baseline and second survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) serum 25D level of the 1,384 participants in both surveys was 23.4 ng/mL (6.5). The annual cumulative incidences of osteoporosis at L2-4 and the femoral neck were 0.76 and 1.83%/year, respectively. The incidences of knee osteoarthritis and lumbar spondylosis were 3.3 and 11.4%/year, respectively. After adjusting for potential associated factors, logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratio for the occurrence of femoral neck osteoporosis significantly decreased as serum 25D levels increased (+1 SD; odds ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.92; p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher serum 25D levels may prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis at the femoral neck, but not knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, or osteoporosis at L2-4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan, YOSHIMURAN-ORT@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akune
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055009:Spondylosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D