title: Iatrogenic parkinsonism: the role of flunarizine and cinnarizine.
abstract: We performed a clinical report based, descriptive and retrospective study, aimed at comparing Flunarizine/Cinnarizine-induced parkinsonism (FCIP) patients and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The FCIP group (n = 30) presented a lower frequency of rigidity and unilateral tremor than the PD group (n = 70). All FCIP patients improved, 13 after dopaminergic treatment. FCIP patients who improved spontaneously presented lower frequency of rigidity, compared with the other FCIP subgroup and PD group. FCIP patients who did not improve spontaneously showed a clinical pattern similar to PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental), Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental), Lisboa, Portugal CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Sofia Aleixo
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental), Lisboa, Portugal CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugalho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002936:Cinnarizine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005444:Flunarizine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000209:etiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D002936:Cinnarizine; D005444:Flunarizine
keywords: Calcium channel blockers; Parkinson's disease; cinnarizine; drug-induced parkinsonism; flunarizine; nigrostriatal pathway