title: A safety evaluation of aripiprazole for treating schizophrenia during pregnancy and puerperium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aripiprazole (ARI) is a second-generation antipsychotic acting as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer and partial agonist at D2 receptors. The drug is indicated in several and severe psychiatric disorders which are particularly frequent in women during the childbearing age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of studies investigating the reproductive safety of ARI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For first trimester use, reviewed data provide no clear evidence about the safety of the drug for the developing fetus. However, a decline of plasma levels (PLs) throughout the pregnancy compared with PLs before pregnancy was observed. This finding suggests the need to increase the dosage during pregnancy in order to maintain stable PLs. If used during late pregnancy, some signals exist suggesting that ARI may worse neonatal outcomes. Hence, clinicians should consider withdrawing the drug before the last month of pregnancy to reduce the risks of neonatal complications. However, such risks must be weighed against the risks of woman's symptom deterioration. In any case, parturition should happen in hospitals equipped with well-organized neonatal intensive care units. No information is available on the impact of antenatal exposure to ARI on the main neurodevelopmental milestones. Infant exposure to the drug through maternal milk may increase the risk of insufficient milk production and neonatal somnolence.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center Cava de' Tirreni-Vietri sul Mare- ASL Salerno , Italy +39 089 4455439 ; +39 089 4455440 ; salvatore_gentile@alice.it.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gentile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole
keywords: antipsychotics; aripiprazole; breastfeeding; pregnancy; puerperium; safety; teratogenicity