title: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 modulate autophagy in SIRC corneal cells.
abstract: Autophagy and apoptosis function as important early cellular defense mechanisms in infections and other diseases. The outcome of an infection is determined by a complex interplay between the pathogenic microorganism and these intracellular pathways. To better understand the cytopathogenicity of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and - 2), we studied the effect of these viruses on the autophagic and apoptotic processes in the SIRC corneal cell line. Infection with the KOS strain of HSV-1 and a wild-type strain of HSV-2 enhanced autophagosome formation, triggered cytoplasmic acidification, increased LC3B lipidation and elevated the ratio of apoptotic cells. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 triggered a significant increase in the apoptotic responses of HSV-1 and HSV-2-infected cells. Thus, both HSV types affect autophagy and apoptosis in a coordinated fashion, and autophagy plays cytoprotective role in HSV-infected cells via antagonizing apoptosis. Together these data implicate autophagy in the pathogenic mechanism of herpetic keratitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrovski
authors.forename: Kata
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pasztor
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orosz
authors.forename: Reka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Edina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mencel
authors.forename: Morten C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaarniranta
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Facsko
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Megyeri
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011419:Propidium; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D018942:Macrolides; D011419:Propidium; C040929:bafilomycin A1; D000165:Acridine Orange