title: Water extracts from winery by-products as tobacco defense inducers.
abstract: Water extracts from winery by-products exhibited significant plant defense inducer properties. Experiments were conducted on three marc extracts containing various amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins. Infiltration of red, white and seed grape marc extracts into tobacco leaves induced hypersensitive reaction-like lesions with cell death evidenced by Evans Blue staining. The infiltration zones and the surrounding areas revealed accumulation of autofluorescent compounds under UV light. Leaf infiltration of the three winery by-product extracts induced defense gene expression. The antimicrobial PR1, β-1,3-glucanase PR2, and chitinase PR3 target genes were upregulated locally in tobacco plants following grape marc extract treatments. The osmotin PR5 transcripts accumulated as well in red marc extract treated-tobacco leaves. Overall, the winery by-product extracts elicited an array of plant defense responses making the grape residues a potential use of high value compounds.
authors.affiliation: UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Razik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benouaret
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goujon
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trivella
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ledoigt
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mery-Bernardon
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goupil
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death; D019649:Food Industry; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D062065:Wastewater