title: Application of electrochemical technology for removing petroleum hydrocarbons from produced water using lead dioxide and boron-doped diamond electrodes.
abstract: Although diverse methods exist for treating polluted water, the most promising and innovating technology is the electrochemical remediation process. This paper presents the anodic oxidation of real produced water (PW), generated by the petroleum exploration of the Petrobras plant-Tunisia. Experiments were conducted at different current densities (30, 50 and 100 mA cm(-2)) using the lead dioxide supported on tantalum (Ta/PbO2) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes in an electrolytic batch cell. The electrolytic process was monitored by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the residual total petroleum hydrocarbon [TPH] in order to know the feasibility of electrochemical treatment. The characterization and quantification of petroleum wastewater components were performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The COD removal was approximately 85% and 96% using PbO2 and BDD reached after 11 and 7h, respectively. Compared with PbO2, the BDD anode showed a better performance to remove petroleum hydrocarbons compounds from produced water. It provided a higher oxidation rate and it consumed lower energy. However, the energy consumption and process time make useless anodic oxidation for the complete elimination of pollutants from PW. Cytotoxicity has shown that electrochemical oxidation using BDD could be efficiently used to reduce more than 90% of hydrocarbons compounds. All results suggest that electrochemical oxidation could be an effective approach to treat highly concentrated organic pollutants present in the industrial petrochemical wastewater and significantly reduce the cost and time of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, BP"1173", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Boutheina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gargouri
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, BP"1173", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Olfa Dridi
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Gargouri
authors.affiliation: Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, 3038, BP"1175", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Bochra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gargouri
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, BP"1173", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Souhel Kallel
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Trabelsi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, BP"1173", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdelhedi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, BP"1173", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, 3038, BP"1175", 3038-Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia. Electronic address: mohamed.bouaziz@fsg.rnu.tn.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouaziz
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010578:Petroleum; D013635:Tantalum / Q000737:chemistry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001895:Boron; D018130:Diamond; D007854:Lead; D010087:Oxides; D010578:Petroleum; D013635:Tantalum; D062065:Wastewater; C047365:lead oxide
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Electrochemical oxidation; Petrochemical pollution; Produced water