title: Identification of promoter polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP6AY1 linked with insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.
abstract: Imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is primarily the result of the over-expression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Here, a field-collected strain of N. lugens was shown to be highly resistant to both imidacloprid and buprofezin. Insecticide exposure and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that its resistance was mainly associated with a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6AY1. CYP6AY1 is known to metabolize imidacloprid but its effect on buprofezin is unclear. In the 5'-untranslated region of CYP6AY1, a novel alternative splicing was detected. After a 1990-bp promoter region was cloned, its basal luciferase activity was assessed. Furthermore, genotyping studies identified 12 variations in the promoter region that discriminated between the field-collected and control strain. Finally, survival bioassays revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism and an insertion-deletion polymorphism linked to buprofezin and imidacloprid resistance. Mutagenesis of these sites enhanced the promoter activity of CYP6AY1. These results suggest that promoter polymorphisms may affect P450-mediated multiple insecticide resistance of pests.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D013829:Thiadiazines; C083997:buprofezin; C082359:imidacloprid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D008156:Luciferases
keywords: P450; buprofezin; imidacloprid; promoter polymorphisms