title: Improvement of arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of intranasal oxygen and/or early reversal of xylazine with atipamezole on arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine with a cross-sectional clinical study on 33 adult moose was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before treatment the mean±SD (range) partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was 62±17 (26-99) mmHg. Twenty-six animals had a PaO2<80 mmHg. Ten had a PaO2 of 40-60 mmHg and three animals had a PaO2<40 mmHg. Intranasal oxygen and intravenous administration of atipamezole significantly increased the mean PaO2, as did the combination of the two. In contrast, atipamezole administered intramuscularly at the evaluated dose had no significant effect on arterial oxygenation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that intranasal oxygen effectively improved arterial oxygenation in immobilized moose, and that early intravenous reversal of the sedative component, in this case xylazine, in an opioid-based immobilization drug-protocol significantly improves arterial oxygenation.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Alina L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Mads F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bertelsen
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Fahlman
authors.forename: Henning A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnemo
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism*; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003670:Deer; D005048:Etorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007103:Immobilization / Q000662:veterinary*; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D013548:Sweden; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; C050701:atipamezole; D014991:Xylazine; D005048:Etorphine; D000075:Acepromazine; D010100:Oxygen