title: A large-scale study on epidemiology and risk factors for chronic ankle instability in young adults.
abstract: Up to 40% of ankle sprains can result in chronic ankle instability (CAI). The prevalence of CAI and its association with body mass index (BMI) and height in the general young adult population has not been reported. The database records of young adults before recruitment into mandatory military service were studied. Information on the disability codes associated with CAI was retrieved. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the BMI and body height with various grades of CAI severity. The study cohort included 829,791 subjects (470,125 males and 359,666 females). The prevalence was 0.7% for mild CAI and 0.4% for severe instability in males and 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively, for females (p < .001). An increased BMI was associated with ankle instability in males (overweight, odds ratio [OR] 1.249, p < .001; obese, OR 1.418, p < .001) and females (overweight, OR 1.989 p < .001; obese, OR 2.754, p < .001). The body height was associated with an increased risk of CAI when the highest height quintile was compared with the lowest height quintile in both males (OR 2.443, p < .001) and females (OR 1.436, p < .001) for all levels of instability severity. The present study has shown a greater prevalence of CAI among males than females in a general healthy young adult population. CAI was associated with an increased BMI and greater body height for all grades of instability severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hershkovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel. Electronic address: shayten@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.affiliation: Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Barak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruck
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thein
authors.affiliation: Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Derazne
authors.affiliation: Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Dorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tzur
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Management, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamiss
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000843:Ankle Joint; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ankle sprain; body mass index; calcaneus; fibula; height; ligament; talus; weight