title: The role of antioxidant enzymes in adaptive responses to sheath blight infestation under different fertilization rates and hill densities.
abstract: Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. No rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. Identifying antioxidant enzymes activities (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) responding to sheath blight infestation is imperative to understand the defensive mechanism systems of rice. In the present study, two inoculation methods (toothpick and agar block method) were tested in double-season rice. Toothpick method had greater lesion length than agar block method in late season. A higher MDA content was found under toothpick method compared with agar block method, which led to greater POD and SOD activities. Dense planting caused higher lesion length resulting in a higher MDA content, which also subsequently stimulated higher POD and SOD activity. Sheath blight severity was significantly related to the activity of antioxidant enzyme during both seasons. The present study implies that rice plants possess a system of antioxidant protective enzymes which helps them in adaptation to sheath blight infection stresses. Several agronomic practices, such as rational use of fertilizers and optimum planting density, involved in regulating antioxidant protective enzyme systems can be regarded as promising strategy to suppress the sheath blight development.
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China ; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1867-1446
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xuejie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fahad
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase