title: Alcohol Environment, Perceived Safety, and Exposure to Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs in Early Adolescence.
abstract: This study examined the association between the count of alcohol outlets around children's homes and opportunities to use alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) during pre-adolescence. Data were collected in 2007 from 394 Baltimore City children aged 8-13 (86% African American). Participants' residential address and alcohol outlet data were geocoded with quarter mile (i.e., walking distance) buffers placed around each participant's home to determine the number of outlets within walking distance. The unadjusted logistic regression models revealed that each unit increase in the number of alcohol outlets was associated with a 14% increase in the likelihood of children seeing people selling drugs (OR=1.14,p=.04) and a 15% increase in the likelihood of seeing people smoking marijuana (OR=1.15,p<.01). After adjusting for neighborhood physical disorder, the relationship between alcohol outlets and seeing people selling drugs and seeing people smoking marijuana was fully attenuated. These results suggest that alcohol outlets are one aspect of the larger environmental context that is related to ATOD exposure in children. Future studies should examine the complex relationship between neighborhood physical disorder and the presence of alcohol outlets.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Mental Health; 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor; Baltimore, MD; 21205.
authors.forename: Aj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Mental Health; 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor; Baltimore, MD; 21205.
authors.forename: Cdm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Furr-Holden
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Mental Health; 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor; Baltimore, MD; 21205.
authors.forename: Cp
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Health Policy and Management; 624 N. Broadway, 5 floor, Baltimore, MD; 21205.
authors.forename: Dw
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Mental Health; 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor; Baltimore, MD; 21205 ; University of California-Los Angeles; NPI-Semel Institute, Center for Culture and Health; 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Mc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooley-Strickland
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Mental Health; 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor; Baltimore, MD; 21205.
authors.forename: Pj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leaf
keywords: African American; Alcohol; children; drugs; tobacco