title: ISA virus regulates the generation of reactive oxygen species and p47phox expression in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner in Salmo salar.
abstract: Several viruses, including Orthomyxovirus, utilize cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) for viral genomic replication and survival within host cells. However, the role of ROS in early events of viral entry and signal induction has not been elucidated. Here, we show that ISA virus (ISAV) induces ROS production very early during infection of CHSE-214 and SHK-1Ycells, and that production is sustained over the observed 24h post-infection. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is responsible for important signaling pathways. In this study, we report that ISAV activates ERK and p38 in Salmo salar. In salmonid macrophages, while ERK was required for SOD, GLURED, p47phox expression, p38 regulated the ROS production by the NADPH oxidase complex activation. These results, together with the presence of several consensus target motifs for p38 MAPK in the promoter of the S. salar p47phox gene, suggest that p38 MAPK regulates p47phox gene expression in fish through the activation of this key transcription factor.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile. Electronic address: volavarria@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Víctor H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Olavarría
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Sharin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdivia
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villalba
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Veterquímica, Lonquén10.387, Maipú, Santiago Chile.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Veterquímica, Lonquén10.387, Maipú, Santiago Chile.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdebenito
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: ayanez@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yañez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D046829:Isavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: ISA virus; Innate immunity; MAPK; ROS production