title: Fire propagation performance of intumescent fire protective coatings using eggshells as a novel biofiller.
abstract: This paper aims to synthesize and characterize an effective intumescent fire protective coating that incorporates eggshell powder as a novel biofiller. The performances of thermal stability, char formation, fire propagation, water resistance, and adhesion strength of coatings have been evaluated. A few intumescent flame-retardant coatings based on these three ecofriendly fire retardant additives ammonium polyphosphate phase II, pentaerythritol and melamine mixed together with flame-retardant fillers, and acrylic binder have been prepared and designed for steel. The fire performance of the coatings has conducted employing BS 476: Part 6-Fire propagation test. The foam structures of the intumescent coatings have been observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. On exposure, the coated specimens' B, C, and D had been certified to be Class 0 due to the fact that their fire propagation indexes were less than 12. Incorporation of ecofriendly eggshell, biofiller into formulation D led to excellent performance in fire stopping (index value, (I) = 4.3) and antioxidation of intumescent coating. The coating is also found to be quite effective in water repellency, uniform foam structure, and adhesion strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ramli Sulong
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amalina
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Johan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004528:Egg Shell; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005411:Flame Retardants; D008962:Models, Theoretical
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants