title: Cochlear implantation in children with bacterial meningitic deafness: The influence of the degree of ossification and obliteration on impedance and charge of the implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine impedance values and charge consumption following cochlear implantation post-meningitic deaf children depending on the grade of cochlear ossification and obliteration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-meningitic deaf (n=49) and control (n=43) children treated with cochlear implants were included in the study. Impedance and charge values were calculated for each group. The degree of ossification of the cochlea was evaluated from a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan whereas the degree of obliteration was determined intraoperatively by the surgeon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pneumococci were the principal pathogen responsible for bacterial meningitis, followed by meningococci. In HRCT scans, the degree of ossification was 1 and 2 in 29% of patients. The results of the intraoperative assessment of the cochlea showed obliteration grade 1 in 38% and grade 2 in 23% of cases. Children in the meningitis group showed significant higher impedances comparing to the control group. A significantly increased charge consumption was observed in patients with a grade 2 ossification when compared to those without ossification (P=0.02). Discussion Cochlea implanted children with meningitis-related deafness exhibit higher impedances, especially in the region of the basal and middle turn, however, not depending on the degree of cochlear ossification. High impedances and charge in the meningitis group may be explained by alterations in the central auditory pathway or on the electrode surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To optimize the outcome in post-meningitic deaf children, surgery is advisable at an early stage prior to the onset of cochlear ossification.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durisin
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Büchner
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesinski-Schiedat
authors.forename: Sönke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartling
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warnecke
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications*; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Bacterial meningitis; Charge; Cochlea implantation; Cochlear obliteration; Cochlear ossification; Impedances