title: Efficacy of cryopreservation of embryos generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with spermatozoa from frozen testicular tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the viability of frozen embryos generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with frozen testicular spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 68 fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles and 85 subsequent frozen-thawed ET (FET) cycles were grouped according to the source of spermatozoa: fresh testicular spermatozoa (TESE) or frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa (t-TESE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the age of female patients, number of oocytes, or fertilization rates in fresh ET cycles with TESE (TESE-fresh ET) versus t-TESE (t-TESE-fresh ET). The rate of embryo survival after thawing (95.7 % vs. 94.0 %) was similar in frozen ET cycles (FET) with TESE (TESE-FET) and with t-TESE (t-TESE-FET). While there were significant differences in the proportion of good quality embryos, no statistical differences were found in the pregnancy or clinical abortion rates between the two groups. Moreover, delivery rates were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the proportion of good quality embryos was affected by cryopreservation of testicular tissue, embryo survival rate was not. As well, subsequent pregnancy could be achieved successfully via t-TESE-FET cycles. Therefore, FET is not affected by the cryopreservation of testicular tissue, and avoids further oocyte retrieval and TESE procedures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, 100-380, Republic of Korea, arkangel@daum.net.
authors.forename: Yong-Seog
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myo Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chun Kyu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sun-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ju Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Kwang Moon
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology*