title: Functional MRI activation in white matter during the Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence shows that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can detect activation in white matter (WM). Such advances have important implications for understanding WM dysfunction. A key step in linking neuroimaging advances to the evaluation of clinical disorders is to examine whether WM activation can be detected at the individual level during clinical tests associated with WM function. We used an adapted Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in a 4T fMRI study of healthy adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RESULTS from 17 healthy individuals revealed WM activation in 88% of participants (15/17). The activation was in either the corpus callosum (anterior and/or posterior) or internal capsule (left and/or right).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings link advances in fMRI to an established clinical test of WM function. Future work should focus on evaluating patients with WM dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, University of Victoria Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jodie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gawryluk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mazerolle
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre, IWK Health Centre Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Beyea
authors.affiliation: Applied Sciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada ; Fraser Health Authority, Surrey Memorial Hospital Surrey, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan C N
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: D'Arcy
keywords: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; functional magnetic resonance imaging; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; white matter