title: Determination of mercury in river water by diffusive gradients in thin films using P81 membrane as binding layer.
abstract: In this work, a device based on diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) was evaluated for the determination of Hg(II) in river water. The DGT device was assembled with a cellulose phosphate ion exchange membrane (P81 Whatman) as a binding phase and agarose gel 1.5% (m/v) as a diffusive layer. Laboratory deployments showed that the binding of Hg(2+) ([Hg(DGT)]/[Hg(solution)]) by P81 membrane was more effective (97%) than the Chelex 100 resin (80%).The effect of ionic strength, pH and potential interfering ions on Hg binding with DGT׳s was investigated. The results showed no significant effect on the binding of Hg(II) at pH range from 3.5 to 8.5 and at an ionic strength range from 0.0005 to 0.1 mol L(-1). Uptakes of 50 µg L(-1) Hg(II) by P81 membrane were not affected by Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca and Mg at the concentration range of 200-1800 µg L(-1). Finally, the DGT device using the P81 as the binding layer was applied for in situ measurements of Hg in river water. For in situ measurements, the labile Hg concentration (from <2 to 13 ng L(-1)) was lower than 10% of the dissolved fraction (from 155 to 446 ng L(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Ambientais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Destro
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Colaço
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Ambientais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lauren Nozomi Marques
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yabuki
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Ambientais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Marta
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rolisola
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: amenega@rc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Amauri Antonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Menegário
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, 13416-000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alfredo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: PS Analytical, Unit 3 Crayfeild Industrial Estate, Main Road, Orpington, Kent BR2 9SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Warren T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Corns
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, 13416-000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Virgílio Franco
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: do Nascimento Filho
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D004058:Diffusion; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C024997:Chelex 100; D002482:Cellulose; D012685:Sepharose; C008881:phosphocellulose; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Cold vapor atomic florescence spectrometry; Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT); Labile; Mercury; P81 membrane