title: The endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance in endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance plays an important role in vascular endothelial damage and atherosclerosis. Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent and can reduce insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the cellular model of insulin resistance was used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the endothelial protective effects of pioglitazone in a vascular endothelial cell damage model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that pioglitazone could effectively increase the survival rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV), reduce apoptosis, and relieve insulin resistance damage. To understand the endothelial protective effect mechanisms of pioglitazone, we showed that 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL of pioglitazone could upregulate the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and pioglitazone could induce NO levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that pioglitazone could have endothelial protective effects in a vascular endothelial cell damage model of insulin resistance and used to prevent beforehand and treat a vascular endothelial cell damage of insulin resistance.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D053148:Caspase 3; D000077205:Pioglitazone