title: Influence of drying protocol with isopropyl alcohol on the bond strength of resin-based sealers to the root dentin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared the bond strength, interfacial ultrastructure, and tag penetration of resin-based sealers applied to smear-free radicular dentin using 70% isopropyl alcohol as the active final rinse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty root canals were prepared and assigned to 2 groups (n = 40) according to the drying protocol: paper points or 70% isopropyl alcohol. Then, roots were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 10) with respect to the sealer and obturation material: AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) and gutta-percha (AH/GP), Hybrid Root SEAL (Sun Medical, Tokyo, Japan) and gutta-percha (HR/GP), Epiphany SE (Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT) and gutta-percha (EP/GP), and Epiphany SE and Resilon (EP/RS). Roots were sectioned, and the push-out test was performed. Failure modes were examined under stereomicroscopy and sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules under scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance post hoc Tukey tests with a significant level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, canals dried with isopropyl alcohol showed significantly higher bond strength values (2.11 ± 1.74 MPa) than with paper points (1.81 ± 1.73 MPa) (P < .05). The HR/GP group showed lower bond strength than the AH/GP group (P < .05) but higher than the EP/GP and EP/RS groups (P < .05). The most frequent type of failure was cohesive in the AH/GP and HR/GP groups and adhesive in the EP/GP and EP/RS groups. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation revealed better adaptation of the adhesive interface in the AH/GP and HR/GP groups in comparison with the EP/GP and EP/RS groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A final rinse with EDTA and 70% isopropyl alcohol improved the bond strength and penetration of the sealers into dentinal tubules of the root.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kléber Campioni
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Uberlândia, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Warwick Dentistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Liviu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steier
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Versiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fuad Jacob Abi
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rached-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesus Djalma
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pécora
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yara Terezinha Correa
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Silva-Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address: sousanet@forp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Manoel Damião
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Sousa-Neto
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003890:Desiccation; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010209:Paper; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C486893:epiphany sealer; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C486892:resilon sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid; D019840:2-Propanol
keywords: Bond strength; isopropyl alcohol; push-out test; resin-based sealer; root dentin