title: Alkylphenol Activity against Candida spp. and Microsporum canis: A Focus on the Antifungal Activity of Thymol, Eugenol and O-Methyl Derivatives.
abstract: In recent years there has been an increasing search for new antifungal compounds due to the side effects of conventional antifungal drugs and fungal resistance. The aims of this study were to test in vitro the activity of thymol, eugenol, estragole and anethole and some O-methyl-derivatives (methylthymol and methyleugenol) against Candida spp. and Microsporum canis. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) for both Candida spp. and M. canis were found by subculturing each fungal suspension on potato dextrose agar. Thymol, methylthymol, eugenol, methyl-eugenol, anethole, estragole and griseofulvin respectively, presented the following MIC values against M. canis: 4.8-9.7; 78-150; 39; 78-150; 78-150; 19-39 µg/mL and 0.006-2.5 mg/mL. The MFC values for all compounds ranged from 9.7 to 31 µg/mL. Concerning Candida spp, thymol, methylthymol, eugenol, methyleugenol, anethole, estragole and amphotericin, respectively, showed the following MIC values: 39; 620-1250; 150-620; 310-620; 620; 620-1250 and 0.25-2.0 mg/mL. The MFC values varied from 78 to 2500 µg/mL. All tested compounds thus showed in vitro antifungal activity against Candida spp. and M. canis. Therefore, further studies should be carried out to confirm the usefulness of these alkylphenols in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Centre of the Agricultural Sciences and Biological, Acaraú Valley State University, 62040-370, Sobral, CE, Brazil. raquelbios@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Raquel O S
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Fontenelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceará, 60740-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. selene@uece.br.
authors.forename: Selene M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Department of the Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Superior Institute of Applied Theology, 62050-100, Sobral, CE, Brazil. sallesbrito@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Erika H S
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, 60441-750, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. brilhante@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Raimunda S N
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brilhante
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, 60441-750, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. ross_aguiar@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Rossana A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. yna.colares@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ynayara C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. nilcegramosapompeu@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Nilce V G P S
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Brasil
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. jalles@ufc.br.
authors.forename: André J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, 60441-750, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. sidrim@ufc.br.
authors.forename: José J C
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sidrim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, 60441-750, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. mfgrocha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcos F G
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008864:Microsporum / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013943:Thymol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010636:Phenols; C005223:methyleugenol; D013943:Thymol; D005054:Eugenol