title: Modeling biology spanning different scales: an open challenge.
abstract: It is coming nowadays more clear that in order to obtain a unified description of the different mechanisms governing the behavior and causality relations among the various parts of a living system, the development of comprehensive computational and mathematical models at different space and time scales is required. This is one of the most formidable challenges of modern biology characterized by the availability of huge amount of high throughput measurements. In this paper we draw attention to the importance of multiscale modeling in the framework of studies of biological systems in general and of the immune system in particular.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Applied Mathematics, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1442-3552
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1668-3320
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pappalardo
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Physics of Condensed Matter, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 6, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France ; UMR 7600 LPTMC, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1122-7510
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianca
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6616-7856
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Santo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3533-2972
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Motta
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D008954:Models, Biological; D049490:Systems Biology