title: Preventive effect of Actinidia valvata Dunn extract on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastrointestinal cancer in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the preventive effect of Actinidia valvata Dunn (AVD) extract on an animal model of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis on the basis of changes in tumor incidence, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into five different treatment groups with 15 rats in each group. Group I was given normal feed, whereas Groups II to IV were treated with 10% sodium chloride in the first six weeks and 100 ug/mL of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in drinking water for 24 weeks. Group II was then given normal feed, whereas Group III was given AVD extract (0.24 g/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Group IV was given AVD extract from the first week to the 36th week, whereas Group V was treated with AVD extract alone for 36 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of the 36-week experiment and assessed for the presence of gastrointestinal tumors. The occurrence of cancer was evaluated by histology. Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and cyclinD1 were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of gastric cancer were 0% in Group I, 73.3% in Group II, 33.3% in Group III, 26.7% in Group IV, and 0% in Group V. Bcl-2 and cyclinD1 expression was decreased in AVD extract treated groups, whereas Bax and Caspase-3 expression was increased. Comparison with group II revealed significant differences (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AVD extract exhibits an obvious preventive effect on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in rats through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China E-mail : weimuxin@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhi-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mu-Xin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D029042:Actinidia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine