title: Light-emitting diode effects on combined decellularization of tracheae. A novel approach to obtain biological scaffolds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain a decellularized tracheal scaffold associating traditional approaches with the novel light-emitting diode (LED) proposal.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed with New Zealand adult rabbits weighing 3.0 - 4.0 kg. Different protocols (22) were used combining physical (agitation and LED irradiation), chemical (SDS and Triton X-100 detergents), and enzymatic methods (DNase and RNase).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generally, the cells surrounding soft tissues were successfully removed, but none protocol removed cells from the tracheal cartilage. However, longer protocols were more effective. The cost-benefits relation of the enzymatic processes was not favorable. It was possible to find out that the cartilaginous tissue submitted to the irradiation with LED 630nm and 475 nm showed an increased number of gaps without cells, but several cells were observed to be still present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The light-emitting diode is a promising tool for decellularization of soft tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedy, Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaiane Cristine
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Evaristo
authors.affiliation: Hermínio Ometto University Center, Araras, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Cilene Maciel da
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: CruzAlves
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moroz
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Center, Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Woner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mion
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Paulista University, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele Janegitz
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Acorci-Valério
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Bioscience Institute, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Luis
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Felisbino
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Biology, Faculty of Science, UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi-Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedy, Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raul Lopes
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ruiz Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical School, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elenice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deffune
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008027:Light; D011817:Rabbits; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D012260:Ribonucleases