title: Ischemic preconditioning affects long-term cell fate through DNA damage-related molecular signaling and altered proliferation.
abstract: Despite the potential of ischemic preconditioning for organ protection, long-term effects in terms of molecular processes and cell fates are ill defined. We determined consequences of hepatic ischemic preconditioning in rats, including cell transplantation assays. Ischemic preconditioning induced persistent alterations; for example, after 5 days liver histology was normal, but γ-glutamyl transpeptidase expression was observed, with altered antioxidant enzyme content, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative DNA adducts. Nonetheless, ischemic preconditioning partially protected from toxic liver injury. Similarly, primary hepatocytes from donor livers preconditioned with ischemia exhibited undesirably altered antioxidant enzyme content and lipid peroxidation, but better withstood insults. However, donor hepatocytes from livers preconditioned with ischemia did not engraft better than hepatocytes from control livers. Moreover, proliferation of hepatocytes from donor livers preconditioned with ischemia decreased under liver repopulation conditions. Hepatocytes from donor livers preconditioned with ischemia showed oxidative DNA damage with expression of genes involved in MAPK signaling that impose G1/S and G2/M checkpoint restrictions, including p38 MAPK-regulated or ERK-1/2-regulated cell-cycle genes such as FOS, MAPK8, MYC, various cyclins, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, TP53, and RB1. Thus, although ischemic preconditioning allowed hepatocytes to better withstand secondary insults, accompanying DNA damage and molecular events simultaneously impaired their proliferation capacity over the long term. Mitigation of ischemic preconditioning-induced DNA damage and deleterious molecular perturbations holds promise for advancing clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Sorabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Ekaterine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berishvili
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Sriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. Electronic address: sanjeev.gupta@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004249:DNA Damage; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4