title: Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis.
abstract: The resistance among various microbial species (infectious agents) to different antimicrobial drugs has emerged as a cause of public health threat all over the world at a terrifying rate. Due to the pacing advent of new resistance mechanisms and decrease in efficiency of treating common infectious diseases, it results in failure of microbial response to standard treatment, leading to prolonged illness, higher expenditures for health care, and an immense risk of death. Almost all the capable infecting agents (e.g., bacteria, fungi, virus, and parasite) have employed high levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) with enhanced morbidity and mortality; thus, they are referred to as "super bugs." Although the development of MDR is a natural phenomenon, the inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, inadequate sanitary conditions, inappropriate food-handling, and poor infection prevention and control practices contribute to emergence of and encourage the further spread of MDR. Considering the significance of MDR, this paper, emphasizes the problems associated with MDR and the need to understand its significance and mechanisms to combat microbial infections.
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, India.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanwar
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, India.
authors.forename: Shrayanee
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0529-8902
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, India.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, India.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hameed