title: The impact of early specialist management on outcomes of patients with in-hospital stroke.
abstract: Delays in treatment of in-hospital stroke (IHS) adversely affect patient outcomes. We hypothesised that early referral and specialist management of IHS patients will improve outcomes at 90 days. Baseline characteristics, assessment delays, thrombolysis eligibility, 90-day functional outcomes and all-cause mortality were compared between IHS patients referred for specialist stroke management within 3 hours of symptom onset (early referrals) and later referrals. Patients were identified from a prospective stroke registry between January 2009 and December 2010. Inclusion criteria were primary admission with a non-stroke diagnosis, onset of new neurological deficits after admission and early ischaemic changes on CT or MR imaging. Eighty four (4.6%) of 1836 stroke patients had IHS (mean age 74 year; 51% male, median NIHSS score 10). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between 53 (63%) early and 31 (37%) late referrals. Thrombolysis was performed in 29 (76%) of the 37/78 (47%) potentially eligible patients; 7 patients were excluded because specialist referral was delayed beyond 4.5 hours despite symptom recognition within 3 hours of onset. Early referral improved functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0-2 at 90 days 40% v 7%, p = 0.001) and was an independent predictor of mRS 0-2 at 90 days after adjusting for age, pre-morbid function, primary cause for hospital admission and stroke severity [OR 1.13 (95% C.I.  = 1.10-1.27), p = 0.002]. Early referral and specialist management of IHS patients that includes thrombolysis is associated with better functional outcomes at 90 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Acute and Emergency Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dulka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manawadu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jithesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013038:Specialization; D020521:Stroke; D016896:Treatment Outcome