title: Examination of the Relationship Between Hopelessness Levels and Coping Strategies Among the Family Caregivers of Patients With Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family caregivers who provide care for cancer patients may have to cope with a variety of physical, social, and economic problems during the caregiving process. A sense of hopelessness seems to lead to increasingly negative evaluations of new situations and less effective coping strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between hopelessness and the coping strategies of the family caregivers of oncology patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design study was carried out in the adult oncology unit and outpatient radiation oncology units of a university hospital in Turkey. The research sample was composed of 110 family caregivers. A sociodemographic data form, the Coping Stress Strategies Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale were used in face-to-face interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations were found between hopelessness and coping strategies. There was a positive correlation between hopelessness and the helpless approaches, which constitute a part of the emotion-focused coping strategies (r = 0.254, P < .01). There was a negative correlation between hopelessness and problem-focused coping strategies (optimistic approach and seeking social support) (r = -0.484, P < .01; r = -0.190, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we found that when the hopes of family caregivers are raised, they may adopt a more optimistic approach, and seek more social support, and display more effective coping strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study could be used to help develop nursing interventions and efficient coping strategies. It suggests how oncology nurses may support family caregivers to increase their level of hope.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Izmir Katip Celebi University (Dr Tokem); Zubeyde Hanim School of Health, Nigde University (Dr Ozcelik); and Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Hospital, Izmir, Turkey (Ms Cicik).
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokem
authors.forename: Hanife
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozcelik
authors.forename: Atiye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicik
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D014421:Turkey