title: HMGB1-dependent and -independent autophagy.
abstract: HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is a multifunctional, ubiquitous protein located inside and outside cells that plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes including cell development, differentiation, inflammation, immunity, metastasis, metabolism, and death. Increasing evidence demonstrates that HMGB1-dependent autophagy promotes chemotherapy resistance, sustains tumor metabolism requirements and T cell survival, prevents polyglutamine aggregates and excitotoxicity, and protects against endotoxemia, bacterial infection, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, HMGB1 may not be required for autophagy in some organs such as the liver and heart. Understanding HMGB1-dependent and -independent autophagy in more detail will provide insight into the integrated stress response and guide HMGB1-based therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou, Guangdong China.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA.
authors.forename: Daolin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein
keywords: HMGB1; autophagy; knockin; knockout; phenotype