title: Effect of cocoa butter and sunflower oil supplementation on performance, immunoglobulin, and antioxidant vitamin status of rats.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of cocoa butter and sunflower oil alone and in combination on performance, some biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and antioxidant vitamin status in Wistar rats. Forty-eight male rats were assigned to four groups, consisting of 12 rats with 3 replicates. Control received balanced rat diet without oil, cocoa butter group received 3.5% cocoa butter, sunflower oil group received 3.5% sunflower oil, the last group received 1.75% sunflower oil + 1.75% cocoa butter supplementation in the rat diet for 8 weeks. The total feed consumption in sunflower oil group was statistically lower than in the other groups. The serum creatinine level was decreased in cocoa butter group compared to control. Triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels were decreased in only sunflower oil and only cocoa butter groups as compared to control. The level of Ig M was statistically lower in cocoa butter and cocoa butter + sunflower oil groups than in control and sunflower oil groups. There were no statistically important difference in vitamin concentrations among trial groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of cocoa butter in diet decreased Ig M level, while the supplementation of cocoa butter and sunflower oil alone decreased the triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71451 Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6369-7667
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71451 Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Miyase
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cınar
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases Department, Veterinary Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71451 Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilkay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yalçınkaya
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71451 Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüsamettin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6403-737X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71451 Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurgül
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atmaca
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71451 Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Enes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Güncüm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; C052387:cocoa butter; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine