title: Use of ultrasound for lower extremity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the recent advances in the use of ultrasound for lower extremity blocks, including approaches to the lumbar and sacral plexus blocks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedures of the lower extremity often require blocks of the lumbar and sacral plexuses. The use of ultrasound offers some advantages, including the possibility to directly visualize the distribution of local anesthetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower extremity blocks under ultrasound guidance often require advanced skills because of the depth of target nerves. This review summarizes the recent advances in the use of ultrasound guidance over traditional techniques.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Istituti Ospitalieri, Cremona, Italy bDepartment of Anaesthesia, Clinique Générale, Annecy, France cDepartment of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghisi
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delaunay
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fanelli
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local