title: Survival disparities between Māori and non-Māori men with prostate cancer in New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine temporal trends and current survival differences between Māori and non-Māori men with prostate cancer in New Zealand (NZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 37,529 men aged ≥ 40 years diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1996 and 2010 was identified from the New Zealand Cancer Registry and followed until 25 May 2011. Cause of death was obtained from the Mortality Collection by data linkage. Survival for Māori compared with non-Māori men was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, socioeconomic deprivation and rural/urban residence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability of surviving was significantly lower for Māori compared with non-Māori men at 1, 5 and 10 years after diagnosis. Māori men were more likely to die from any cause [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-1.97] and from prostate cancer (aHR 1.94, 95% CI 1.76- 2.14). The aHR of prostate cancer death for Māori men diagnosed with regional extent was 2.62-fold (95% CI 1.60-4.31) compared with non-Māori men. The survival gap between Māori and non-Māori men has not changed throughout the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Māori men had significantly poorer survival than non-Māori, particularly when diagnosed with regional prostate cancer. Despite improvements in survival for all men diagnosed after 2000, the survival gap between Māori and non-Māori men has not been reduced with time. Differences in prostate cancer detection and management, partly driven by higher socioeconomic deprivation in Māori men, were identified as the most likely contributors to ethnic survival disparities in NZ.
authors.affiliation: Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Obertová
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lawrenson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: indigenous; outcomes; prostate cancer; survival; temporal changes