title: Viewing rate and reproducibility of papillary muscle areas in foetal atrioventricular valves using spatio-temporal image correlation in the rendering mode in congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the viewing rate and reproducibility of areas of the papillary muscles (PMs) of foetal atrioventricular valves using spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) in the rendering mode in congenital heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 40 4D-STIC volume datasets from different foetal CHD cases at a gestational age of 18w6d–35w6d. The following papillary muscles (PMs) were assessed: antero-lateral (MPAL) and postero-medial (MPPM) to the mitral valve and antero-superior (MPAS), inferior (MPI) and septal (MPS) to the tricuspid valve. To assess the valve viewing rate, percentages (%) were used. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to assess inter-observer reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two independent observers concluded that a complete examination of the PMs was impossible in 11 cases, yielding a viewing rate of 72.5%. The complete examination of the PMs of the tricuspid and mitral valves was possible by both examiners in 33/40 (82.5%) and 32/40 (80.0%) cases, respectively. We observed moderate to good inter-observer reliability with CCCs of 0.95, 0.92, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.97 for MPS, MPI, MPAS, MPAL and MPPM, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The viewing rate of PM areas in different CHDs using STIC in the rendering mode was moderate. The inter-observer reproducibility was moderate to good for all PM areas.
authors.forename: Liliam Cristine
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rolo
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pietrolucci
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araujo Júnior
authors.forename: Fernanda Silveira Bello
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Luciano Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nardozza
authors.forename: Wellington P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Martina
authors.forename: Antonio Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Moron
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arduin
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D019561:Echocardiography, Four-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005865:Gestational Age; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D015588:Observer Variation; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*