title: KLRG+ invariant natural killer T cells are long-lived effectors.
abstract: Immunological memory has been regarded as a unique feature of the adaptive immune response mediated in an antigen-specific manner by T and B lymphocytes. However, natural killer (NK) cells and γδT cells, which traditionally are classified as innate immune cells, have been shown in recent studies to have hallmark features of memory cells. Invariant NKT cell (iNKT cell)-mediated antitumor effects indicate that iNKT cells are activated in vivo by vaccination with iNKT cell ligand-loaded CD1d(+) cells, but not by vaccination with unbound NKT cell ligand. In such models, it previously was thought that the numbers of IFN-γ-producing cells in the spleen returned to the basal level around 1 wk after the vaccination. In the current study, we demonstrate the surprising presence of effector memory-like iNKT cells in the lung. We found long-term antitumor activity in the lungs of mice was enhanced after vaccination with iNKT cell ligand-loaded dendritic cells. Further analyses showed that the KLRG1(+) (Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1-positive) iNKT cells coexpressing CD49d and granzyme A persisted for several months and displayed a potent secondary response to cognate antigen. Finally, analyses of CDR3β by RNA deep sequencing demonstrated that some particular KLRG1(+) iNKT-cell clones accumulated, suggesting the selection of certain T-cell receptor repertoires by an antigen. The current findings identifying effector memory-like KLRG1(+) iNKT cells in the lung could result in a paradigm shift regarding the basis of newly developed extrathymic iNKT cells and could contribute to the future development of antitumor immunotherapy by uniquely energizing iNKT cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Immunotherapy.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Immunotherapy.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Immunotherapy.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinga
authors.affiliation: Integrative Genomics.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Integrative Genomics.
authors.forename: Takaho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Immunotherapy.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Immunotherapy.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Material and Life Science, College of Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama 236-8501, Japan;
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; and.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.affiliation: Integrative Genomics.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Immune Regulation, and.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watarai
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Design, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Moriya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Immune Regulation, and.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Integrative Genomics.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Immunotherapy, fujiis@rcai.riken.jp.
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D053804:Granzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D039441:Integrin alpha4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions; D005699:Galactosylceramides; C451496:Klrg1 protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C493154:alpha-galactosylceramide; D039441:Integrin alpha4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D053804:Granzymes