title: Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 induces TGF-β expression in dendritic cells and activates TLR2 signal to produce IgA in the small intestine.
abstract: Probiotic bacteria provide benefits in enhancing host immune responses and protecting against infection. Induction of IgA production by oral administration of probiotic bacteria in the intestine has been considered to be one reason for this beneficial effect, but the mechanisms of the effect are poorly understood. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) is a probiotic bacterium with properties such as bile tolerance, ability to improve the intestinal environment, and it has preventive effects related to abdominal adiposity. In this study, we have found that oral administration of LG2055 induced IgA production and increased the rate of IgA(+) cell population in Peyer's patch and in the lamina propria of the mouse small intestine. The LG2055 markedly increased the amount of IgA in a co-culture of B cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), and TLR2 signal is critical for it. In addition, it is demonstrated that LG2055 stimulates BMDC to promote the production of TGF-β, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10, all critical for IgA production from B cells. Combined stimulation of B cells with BAFF and LG2055 enhanced the induction of IgA production. Further, TGF-β signal was shown to be critical for LG2055-induced IgA production in the B cell and BMDC co-culture system, but TGF-β did not induce IgA production in a culture of only B cells stimulated with LG2055. Furthermore, TGF-β was critical for the production of BAFF, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β itself from LG2055-stimulated BMDC. These results demonstrate that TGF-β was produced by BMDC stimulated with LG2055 and it has an autocrine/paracrine function essential for BMDC to induce the production of BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ono-Ohmachi
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ukibe
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., Minamidai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadooka
authors.affiliation: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta