title: Genomic Analysis as the First Step toward Personalized Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: Drug resistance mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still remain elusive. Although most patients initially respond to targeted therapy, acquired resistance can still develop eventually. Most of the patients suffer from intrinsic (genetic) resistance as well, suggesting that there is substantial need to broaden our knowledge in the field of RCC genetics. As molecular abnormalities occur for various reasons, ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large chromosomal defects, conducting whole-genome association studies using high-throughput techniques seems inevitable. In principle, data obtained via genome-wide research should be continued and performed on a large scale for the purposes of drug development and identification of biological pathways underlying cancerogenesis. Genetic alterations are mostly unique for each histological RCC subtype. According to recently published data, RCC is a highly heterogeneous tumor. In this paper, the authors discuss the following: (1) current state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential biomarkers of RCC subtypes; (2) significant obstacles encountered in the translational research on RCC; and (3) recent molecular findings that may have a crucial impact on future therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland ; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia Felicja
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Bielecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna Małgorzata
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology with the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szczylik
keywords: genome-wide analysis; genomics; high-throughput techniques; personalized treatment; prognostic and predictive biomarkers; renal cell carcinoma; translational research; tumor heterogeneity