title: FORCe: Fully Online and Automated Artifact Removal for Brain-Computer Interfacing.
abstract: A fully automated and online artifact removal method for the electroencephalogram (EEG) is developed for use in brain-computer interfacing (BCI). The method (FORCe) is based upon a novel combination of wavelet decomposition, independent component analysis, and thresholding. FORCe is able to operate on a small channel set during online EEG acquisition and does not require additional signals (e.g., electrooculogram signals). Evaluation of FORCe is performed offline on EEG recorded from 13 BCI particpants with cerebral palsy (CP) and online with three healthy participants. The method outperforms the state-of the-art automated artifact removal methods Lagged Auto-Mutual Information Clustering (LAMIC) and Fully Automated Statistical Thresholding for EEG artifact Rejection (FASTER), and is able to remove a wide range of artifact types including blink, electromyogram (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG) artifacts.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Billinger
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009862:Online Systems; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D058067:Wavelet Analysis