title: Insulin resistance, adipokine profile and hepatic expression of SOCS-3 gene in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze adipokine concentrations, insulin resistance and hepatic expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 with normal body weight, glucose and lipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 31 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 9 healthy subjects. Total levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin, osteopontin and insulin were measured using an ELISA kit. The hepatic expression of SOCS-3 was determined by the use of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were significantly higher in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients without metabolic disorders compared to healthy controls (2.24 vs 0.59, P = 0.0003). Hepatic steatosis was observed in 32.2% of patients with HCV infection and was found in patients with increased HOMA-IR index (2.81 vs 1.99, P = 0.05) and reduced adiponectin level (5.96 vs 8.37, P = 0.04). Inflammatory activity (G ≥ 2) was related to increased osteopontin concentration (34.04 vs 23.35, P = 0.03). Advanced liver fibrosis (S ≥ 2) was associated with increased levels of omentin and osteopontin (436.94 vs 360.09, P = 0.03 and 32.84 vs 20.29, P = 0.03) and reduced resistin concentration (1.40 vs 1.74, P = 0.047). No correlations were reported between adipokine profile, HOMA-IR values and hepatic expression of the SOCS-3 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculated that no relationship between adipokines and HOMA-IR values may indicate that HCV can induce insulin resistance itself. Some adipokines appear to be biochemical markers of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection. © 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
authors.affiliation: Kamila Wójcik, Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Anna Piekarska, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wójcik
authors.affiliation: Kamila Wójcik, Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Anna Piekarska, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jabłonowska
authors.affiliation: Kamila Wójcik, Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Anna Piekarska, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omulecka
authors.affiliation: Kamila Wójcik, Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Anna Piekarska, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piekarska
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human
keywords: Adipokines; Chronic hepatitis C; Insulin resistance; SOCS-3 gene; Steatosis