title: Primary angiosarcoma of the kidney: case analysis and literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary angiosarcoma of the kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated a patient with primary angiosarcoma, then searched the published papers with the terms of 'primary angiosarcoma of the kidney' and 'primary renal angiosarcoma' in PubMed database, found 27 patients with detailed data, and analyzed their characters in the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary angiosarcoma occurred mainly from 50 years old to 69 years old, predominated in male patients. The clinical presentation was flank pain and hematuria, and the nephrectomy was the mainstay of the treatment; the maximum diameter and the metastasis status at the time of diagnosis had important prognostic value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary angiosarcoma is a rare carcinoma and lacks of specific presentation. Accurate diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment, but the prognosis is poor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011878:Radiotherapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Primary angiosarcoma of the kidney; diagnosis; prognosis; treatment