title: Fluorescence turn-on detection of Sn2+ in live eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
abstract: Sn(2+) is usually added to toothpaste to prevent dental plaque and oral disease. However, studies of its physiological role and bacteriostatic mechanism are restricted by the lack of versatile Sn(2+) detection methods applicable to live cells, including Streptococcus mutans. Here we report two Sn(2+) fluorescent probes containing a rhodamine B derivative as a fluorophore, linked via the amide moiety to N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (R1) and tert-butyl carbazate group (R2), respectively. These probes can selectively chelate Sn(2+) and show marked fluorescence enhancement due to the ring open reaction of rhodamine induced by Sn(2+) chelation. The probes have high sensitivity and selectivity for Sn(2+) in the presence of various relevant metal ions. Particularly, both R1 and R2 can target lysosomes, and R2 can probe Sn concentrations in lysosomes with rather acidic microenvironment. Furthermore, these two probes have low toxicity and can be used as imaging probes for monitoring Sn(2+) not only in live KB cells (eukaryotic) but also in Streptococcus mutans cells (prokaryotic), which is a useful tool to study the physiological function of Sn(2+) in biological systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Concerted Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China. yitao@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haichuang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Yunming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Keyin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yueyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014001:Tin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012235:Rhodamines; D014001:Tin; C029773:rhodamine B