title: The perceived personality traits of adults with digitally induced large angle strabismus and the impact of its correction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the effect of digitally induced large angle strabismus and its correction on social bias against strabismic adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, observational study included 10 orthotropic subjects whose face photographs were digitally altered to produce esotropia, exotropia, and hypertropia. Three batches of non-medical professionals, each consisting of 14 subjects, adjudged personality traits of the altered face photographs on a 10-item questionnaire. The same evaluators effected the appraisal of the orthotropic photographs. The personality score of the strabismic photograph of a subject was compared with its own orthotropic photograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10 subjects whose photographs were digitally modified were of the same age (21 years) and had equal gender distribution. The evaluation of the photographs was performed by 42 evaluators aged 38.3 ± 14.9 years, of whom 21 were males. Different personality traits were rated negatively in the strabismic photographs. The statistically significant negative impact was apparent on more number of personality traits for esotropia (7 out of 10) as compared to exotropia (4 out of 10) or hypertropia (3 out of 10). Rating of the strabismic photographs was significantly lower by female evaluators (P = 0.006). However, there was no difference whether the subject evaluating the photograph of the strabismic individual was of the same gender or the opposite gender. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was excellent (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant negative impact of strabismus on the perceived personality traits of the digitally altered face photographs of the adults when compared to their orthotropic photograph.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Wadala, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Mihir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: Vitan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010551:Personality; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult