title: Cardiovascular risk markers until 12 mo of age in infants fed a formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some of the health advantages of breast-fed as compared to formula-fed infants have been suggested to be due to metabolic programming effects resulting from early nutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective double-blinded randomized trial, 160 infants <2 mo of age were randomized to experimental formula (EF) with added milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) or standard formula (SF) until 6 mo of age. A breast-fed reference (BFR) group consisted of 80 infants. Measurements were made at inclusion and at 4, 6, and 12 mo of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the intervention, the EF group had higher total serum cholesterol concentration than the SF group, reaching the level of the BFR group. The EF group had a low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio not significantly different from the SF group but lower than the BFR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of infant formula with MFGM modified the fat composition of the formula and narrowed the gap between breast-fed and formula-fed infants with regard to serum lipid status at 12 mo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Timby
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernell
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domellöf
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002417:Cattle; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000097:blood; D066292:Lipid Droplets; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D006017:Glycolipids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D020738:Leptin; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008055:Lipids; C110367:milk fat globule; D006710:Homocysteine