title: A novel zebrafish model to provide mechanistic insights into the inflammatory events in carrageenan-induced abdominal edema.
abstract: A suitable small animal model may help in the screening and evaluation of new drugs, especially those from natural products, which can be administered at lower dosages, fulfilling an urgent worldwide need. In this study, we explore whether zebrafish could be a model organism for carrageenan-induced abdominal edema. The research results showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 1.5% λ-carrageenan in a volume of 20 µL significantly increased abdominal edema in adult zebrafish. Levels of the proinflammatory proteins tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased in carrageenan-injected adult zebrafish during the development of abdominal edema. An associated enhancement was also observed in the leukocyte marker, myeloperoxidase (MPO). To support these results, we further observed that i.p. methylprednisolone (MP; 1 µg), a positive control, significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation 24 h after carrageenan administration. Furthermore, i.p. pretreatment with either an anti-TNF-α antibody (1∶5 dilution in a volume of 20 µL) or the iNOS-selective inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG; 1 µg) inhibited carrageenan-induced abdominal edema in adult zebrafish. This new animal model is uncomplicated, easy to develop, and involves a straightforward inducement of inflammatory edema for the evaluation of small volumes of drugs or test compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shi-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiranjib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wu-Fu
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Ping-Tung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.affiliation: Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Min David
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wangta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan; Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Der
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002351:Carrageenan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D008775:Methylprednisolone