title: Flow-induced immobilization of glucose oxidase in nonionic micellar nanogels for glucose sensing.
abstract: A simple microfluidic platform was utilized to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) in a nonionic micellar scaffold. The immobilization of GOx was verified by using a combination of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) techniques. Chronoamperometric measurements were conducted on nanogel-GOx scaffolds under different glucose concentrations, exhibiting linear amperometric responses. Without impacting the lifetime and denaturation of GOx, the nonionic nanogel provides a favorable microenvironment for GOx in biological media. This flow-induced immobilization method in a nonionic nanogel host matrix opens up new pathways for designing a simple, fast, biocompatible, and cost-effective process to immobilize biomolecules that are averse to ionic environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cardiel
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lige
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonggu
authors.forename: Liguo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Amy Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008823:Micelles; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D000080385:Nanogels; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D008823:Micelles; D000080385:Nanogels; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose