title: Xilei san ameliorates experimental colitis in rats by selectively degrading proinflammatory mediators and promoting mucosal repair.
abstract: Xilei san (XLS), a herbal preparation widely used in China for erosive and ulcerative diseases, has been shown to be effective in ulcerative colitis (UC). The present experiments were conducted to assess its efficacy and determine its mechanism of action in a rat model that resembles human UC. The model was induced by adding 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the rats' drinking water for 7 days. XLS was administered daily by retention enema from day 2 to day 7; the rats were sacrificed on day 8. The colon tissues were obtained for further experiments. A histological damage score and the activity of tissue myeloperoxidase were used to evaluate the severity of the colitis. The colonic cytokine levels were detected in a suspension array, and epithelial proliferation was assessed using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Intrarectal administration of XLS attenuated the DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by a reduction in both the histological damage score and myeloperoxidase activity. It also decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but increased the mucosal repair-related cytokines. In addition, the epithelial Ki-67 expression was upregulated by XLS. These results suggest that XLS attenuates DSS-induced colitis by degrading proinflammatory mediators and promoting mucosal repair. XLS could be a potential topical treatment for human UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yongbiao
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1491-683X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7285-9020
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Shenglan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.affiliation: General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashiwamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
authors.forename: Junxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.affiliation: Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1349-9886
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai