title: Effects of four additive solutions on canine leukoreduced red cell concentrate quality during storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Additive solutions (AS) and prestorage leukoreduction (LR) are important tools used to maintain erythrocyte viability during storage and avoid transfusion reactions in recipients, respectively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of a WBC filter (Immugard IIIRC) and compare the effect of 4 AS (phosphate-adenine-glucose-guanosine-gluconate-mannitol [PAGGGM], saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol [SAGM], Adsol, Optisol) on the in vitro quality of canine leukoreduced packed RBC units (pRBC) stored for 41 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred milliliters of blood were collected from 8 healthy dogs each into 70 mL of citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) solution, and were leukoreduced by a polyurethane filter. pRBC of each dog were divided equally into 4 bags containing a different AS. Bags were stored for 41 days at 4°C and evaluated every 10 days. Variables analyzed included pH, PCV, and% hemolysis, and lactate, glucose, potassium, sodium, ATP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LR resulted in residual WBC counts comparable to human standards. During storage, pH, and glucose, 2,3-DPG, and ATP concentrations decreased, and hemolysis, and lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations increased (P < .05). Significant differences between AS were seen in the glucose and sodium concentrations, due to the composition of AS. Also, the pH maintained by PAGGGM at day 21 was significantly higher than that seen with SAGM or Adsol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All AS used gave satisfactory results during the first 21 days of storage based on the degree of hemolysis, and on ATP and 2,3-DPG concentrations. When compared with day 1 values, significant changes were seen in these variables by day 31 with all AS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.forename: Nicole R C
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hlavac
authors.forename: Silvia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.forename: Franciele P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jane Wardrop
authors.forename: Félix H D
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / Q000097:blood; D000225:Adenine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065227:Transfusion Reaction / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: C037839:ADSOL; D002951:Citrates; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C007077:citrate phosphate dextrose; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Blood; dog; erythrocyte; filter; transfusion