title: A systematic review of interventions to detect dementia or cognitive impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Memory services have been implemented nationally to increase early dementia diagnosis, and further evaluation of their impact and other strategies to increase timely dementia diagnosis are needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the literature for interventions intended to increase the detection of dementia or suspected dementia or people presenting with memory complaints.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched electronic databases, hand searched references and contacted authors of included papers, contacted field experts and UK charities and councils for data about their dementia awareness programmes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 13 studies, of which four were randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two RCTs found that general practitioner (GP) education increased suspected dementia cases. One RCT found up to six home visits from a specialist geriatric nurse over 30 months increased the rate of accurately diagnosed dementia. There was preliminary evidence from non-randomised studies that memory clinics increase timely diagnosis, but no evidence they increase the overall diagnosis rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is good quality evidence that GP education increases the number of suspected dementia cases but not accurate or earlier dementia diagnoses. One RCT reported that multiple visits from a trained nurse increase the diagnosis rate. There is no cost effectiveness evidence. Our findings suggest good quality RCTs are needed to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to increase dementia detection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Charles Bell House, 2nd Floor, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK.
authors.forename: Naaheed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukadam
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Nishin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kherani
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004522:Educational Status; D058006:General Practice / Q000193:education; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: dementia; detection; intervention