title: Medical conditions with neuropsychiatric manifestations.
abstract: Medical disease sometimes affects patients through neuropsychiatric manifestations. When neuropsychiatric symptoms are predominant, identifying medical disease early in the illness course is imperative because many of these conditions are reversible with appropriate treatment. A high index of suspicion is required on the part of clinicians, particularly when patients also present with physical signs or unexplained symptoms that might suggest a broader, systemic process. The processes that most commonly cause neuropsychiatric symptoms include infectious, autoimmune, endocrinologic, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases. This article focuses on the most common of these conditions, and conditions for which early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important.
authors.affiliation: Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359892, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. Electronic address: misaac@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.affiliation: Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000175:diagnosis; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000175:diagnosis; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009494:Neurosyphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011164:Porphyrias / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents
keywords: Autoimmune/inflammatory disease; Central nervous system (CNS); Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Mood disorders; Neuropsychiatric symptoms; Peripheral nervous system