title: Modification of the association between PM10 and lung function decline by cadherin 13 polymorphisms in the SAPALDIA cohort: a genome-wide interaction analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both air pollution and genetic variation have been shown to affect lung function. Their interaction has not been studied on a genome-wide scale to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to identify, in an agnostic fashion, genes that modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and annual lung function decline in an adult population-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage genome-wide interaction study was performed. The discovery (n = 763) and replication (n = 3,896) samples were derived from the multi-center SAPALDIA cohort (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults). Annual rate of decline in the forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) was the main end point. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify potential multiplicative interactions between genotypes and 11-year cumulative PM10 exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a cluster of variants intronic to the CDH13 gene as the only locus with genome-wide significant interactions. The strongest interaction was observed for rs2325934 (p = 8.8 × 10(-10)). Replication of the interaction between this CDH13 variant and cumulative PM10 exposure on annual decline in FEF25-75% was successful (p = 0.008). The interaction was not sensitive to adjustment for smoking or body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDH13 is functionally linked to the adipokine adiponectin, an inflammatory regulator. Future studies need to confirm the interaction and assess how the result relates to previously observed interactions between air pollution and obesity on respiratory function.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Medea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imboden
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Curjuric
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Gian Andri
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Thun
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haun
authors.forename: Ming-Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bettschart
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Künzli
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Probst-Hensch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016678:Genome; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015820:Cadherins; C099972:H-cadherin; D052638:Particulate Matter