title: Treatment of seawater immersion-complicated open-knee joint fracture.
abstract: The current study aimed to select suitable remedies for seawater immersion-complicated open-knee joint fracture by exploring the effects of different treatment methods. Forty adult rabbits weighing 2.20 ± 0.25 kg were divided equally into internal fracture fixation group (A), seawater-immersed group with primary internal fixation (B), seawater-immersed group with secondary internal fixation (C), and seawater-immersed group with external fixation (D), using the random-digit table method. Open-femoral internal condylar fracture models were established. Group A was left untreated for 2 h, whereas the other three groups were subjected to seawater immersion for 2 h. Afterwards, groups A and B underwent debridement and steel plate and screw internal fixation. Group C underwent debridement and external fixation, which was followed by secondary steel plate and screw internal fixation after the wound healed. Group D underwent transarticular arthrodesis. Wound infection, joint functional rehabilitation, and radiological and histopathological changes in fracture healing in each group were assessed. The results showed that delayed internal fixation effectively reduces the infection rate of seawater immersion-complicated open fracture and benefits joint function rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The 180th Hospital of PLA, Quanzhou, China jianguoaicn@163.com.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The 180th Hospital of PLA, Quanzhou, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 4, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D012623:Seawater / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology