title: Central venous occlusion mimics carotid cavernous fistula: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: A patient presented with signs and symptoms of a left carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). Computed tomography angiography confirmed filling of the cavernous sinus in the arterial phase. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography demonstrated no evidence of CCF. The workup, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: (a)Department of Neuroradiology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th St., Bronx, NY 10647, USA. Electronic address: gayle.rudofsky@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gayle R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.affiliation: (a)Department of Neuroradiology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th St., Bronx, NY 10647, USA.
authors.forename: Joaquim M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Farinhas
authors.affiliation: (a)Department of Neuroradiology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th St., Bronx, NY 10647, USA.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Pasquale
authors.affiliation: (b)Department of Ophthalmology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th St., Bronx, NY 10647, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wertenbaker
authors.affiliation: (a)Department of Neuroradiology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th St., Bronx, NY 10647, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Carotid cavernous fistula; Central venous occlusion; Digital subtraction angiography; Interventional radiology; Recanalization