title: Variation in amphibian response to two formulations of glyphosate-based herbicides.
abstract: Variation in toxicity among formulations and species makes it difficult to extrapolate results to all species and all formulations of herbicides. The authors exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) from 4 populations to 2 glyphosate-based herbicides, Roundup Weed and Grass Control® and Roundup WeatherMax®. The 96-h median lethal concentration values for both formulations varied among the populations (Roundup Weed and Grass Control, 0.14 mg acid equivalents (a.e.)/L to 1.10 mg a.e./L; Roundup WeatherMax, 4.94 mg a.e./L to 8.26 mg a.e./L), demonstrating that toxicity varies among the formulations and that susceptibility may differ among populations.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gahl
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houlahan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009864:Ontario; D011898:Ranidae / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Amphibian; Aquatic toxicology; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Roundup; Variation