title: Y2O3:Tm,Yb nanophosphors for correlative upconversion luminescence and cathodoluminescence imaging.
abstract: We present a phosphor nanoparticle that shows both upconversion luminescence (UCL) and cathodoluminescence (CL). With this particle, low-autofluorescence, deep-tissue and wide-field fluorescence imaging can be achieved with nanometer-order high-spatial-resolution imaging. We synthesized Y2O3:Tm,Yb nanophosphors that emit visible and near-infrared UCL under 980 nm irradiation and blue CL via electron beam excitation. The phosphors were applied to fluorescent imaging of HeLa cells. The photostability of the phosphors was superior to that of a conventional organic dye. We show that after uptake by HeLa cells, the particles can be imaged with SEM and CL contrast in a cellular section. This indicates that correlative UCL and CL imaging of biological samples could be realized.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. Electronic address: niioka@bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niioka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichimiya
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D055984:Cathode Ray Tube; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D017553:Phosphorus Compounds; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D017553:Phosphorus Compounds; D015019:Yttrium; C091417:yttria
keywords: Bioimaging; Cathodoluminescence; Correlative microscopy; Nanophosphor; Upconversion