title: Porcine NOD1 polymorphisms with impaired ligand recognition and their distribution in pig populations.
abstract: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that recognizes γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), a component of bacterial peptidoglycan. NOD1 is thought to be involved in the immune homeostasis mediated by intestinal microbiota as well as the host defense against infection. In this study, we identified 12 synonymous and nine nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence of porcine NOD1 within major commercial breeds in the swine industry. Among the nonsynonymous SNPs, two amino-acid alterations located in the leucine-rich repeats region, glycine to glutamic acid at position 641 (G641E) and aspartic acid to asparagine at position 918 (D918N), impaired iE-DAP-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB. These alleles showed the recessive mode of inheritance and therefore are likely to be maintained in pig populations at high frequencies. These results suggest the possibility for improvement in disease resistance by eliminating the G641E and D918N alleles of NOD1 from commercial pig populations.
authors.affiliation: Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.affiliation: Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Division, Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toki
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Division, Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Shizuoka Swine and Poultry Experiment Center, 2780 Nishikata, Kikugawa, Shizuoka 439-0037, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Animal Immune and Cell Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Animal Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan. Electronic address: huenishi@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uenishi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D008024:Ligands; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008024:Ligands; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein
keywords: Innate immunity; NF-κB; Pattern recognition receptor; Pig; Single nucleotide polymorphism