title: Therapeutic efficacy of vitamin E δ-tocotrienol in collagen-induced rat model of arthritis.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease primarily involving inflammation of the joints. Although the management of the disease has advanced significantly in the past three decades, there is still no cure for RA. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of δ-tocotrienol, in the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of collagen type II emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. CIA rats were orally treated with δ-tocotrienol (10 mg/kg) or glucosamine hydrochloride (300 mg/kg) from day 25 to 50. Efficacy was assessed based on the ability to reduce paw edema, histopathological changes, suppression of collagen-specific T-cells, and a reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. It was established that δ-tocotrienol had the most significant impact in lowering paw edema when compared to glucosamine treatment. Paw edema changes correlated well with histopathological analysis where there was a significant reversal of changes in groups treated with δ-tocotrienol. The results suggest that δ-tocotrienol is efficient in amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis. Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol may be of therapeutic value against rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Nagaraja
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8702-0490
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haleagrahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mirashini
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4528-5962
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
authors.affiliation: Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Srikumar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9888-3301
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakravarthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ammu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000473:pathology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D051381:Rats; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; C082097:tocotrienol, delta; D003094:Collagen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein