title: Integrating basic science without integrating basic scientists: reconsidering the place of individual teachers in curriculum reform.
abstract: The call for integration of the basic and clinical sciences plays prominently in recent conversations about curricular change in medical education; however, history shows that, like other concepts related to curricular reform, integration has been continually revisited, leading to incremental change but no meaningful transformation. To redress this cycle of "change without difference," the medical education community must reexamine the approach that dominates medical education reform efforts and explore alternative perspectives that may help to resolve the cyclical "problem" of recommending but not effecting integration. To provide a different perspective on implementing integration, the authors of this Perspective look to the domain of educational change as an approach to examining the transitions that occur within complex and evolving environments. This area of literature both acknowledges the multiple levels involved in change and emphasizes the need not only to address systemic structure but also to prioritize individuals during times of transition. The struggle to implement curricular integration in medical education may stem from the fact that reform efforts appear to focus largely on transformation at the level of curricular structure as opposed to considering what learning needs to occur at each level of change and highlighting the individual as the educational change literature suggests. To bring appropriate attention to the place of individual educators, especially basic scientists, the medical education community should explore how the mandate to integrate clinically relevant material may impact these faculty and the teaching of their domains.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Hopkins is instructor, Department of Human Physiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon. Dr. Pratt is professor of educational studies, Faculty of Education, and senior scholar, Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Dr. Bowen is professor, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Dr. Regehr is professor, Department of Surgery, and associate director, Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regehr
mesh_terms: D001690:Biological Science Disciplines; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D006801:Humans; D024382:Professional Role; D018511:Systems Integration