title: Analysis of mandibular structure using 3D facial computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study measured and analyzed the position and dimension of genial tubercle (GT) and mental foramen (MF) STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred ten subjects were included who received 3-dimensional (3D) facial computed tomography (CT), and the GT and MF were evaluated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups by gender and skeletal type. Seven variables were measured: (1) height of GT (GTH), (2) width of GT (GTW), (3) distance from apices of lower incisors to superior border of GT (LI-SGT), (4) distance from inferior border of GT to inferior border of mandible (IGT-IBM), (5) thickness of anterior mandible (MT), (6) distance from symphysis of mandible to MF (S-MF), and (7) distance from superior border of GT to inferior border of mandible (SGT-IBM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the parameters showed marked differences in individuals. Class I males showed longer GTH, MT, and SGT-IBM than class I females (P < .05). IGT-IBM and S-MF were longer in class II males than in class I females (P < .05). LI-SGT and IGT-IBM also showed personal variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomical features of mandibular structures showed individual variations. GTH, IGT-IBM, MT, S-MF, and SGT-IBM also showed differences between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Youp
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kun Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea drkimsw@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Sung Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: 3D facial CT; genial tubercle; mandible; mental foramen; surgery