title: Improving radiopharmaceutical supply chain safety by implementing bar code technology.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate an approach for improving radiopharmaceutical supply chain safety by implementing bar code technology. We first evaluated the current situation of our radiopharmaceutical supply chain and, by means of the ALARM protocol, analysed two dispensing errors that occurred in our department. Thereafter, we implemented a bar code system to secure selected key stages of the radiopharmaceutical supply chain. Finally, we evaluated the cost of this implementation, from overtime, to overheads, to additional radiation exposure to workers. An analysis of the events that occurred revealed a lack of identification of prepared or dispensed drugs. Moreover, the evaluation of the current radiopharmaceutical supply chain showed that the dispensation and injection steps needed to be further secured. The bar code system was used to reinforce product identification at three selected key stages: at usable stock entry; at preparation-dispensation; and during administration, allowing to check conformity between the labelling of the delivered product (identity and activity) and the prescription. The extra time needed for all these steps had no impact on the number and successful conduct of examinations. The investment cost was reduced (2600 euros for new material and 30 euros a year for additional supplies) because of pre-existing computing equipment. With regard to the radiation exposure to workers there was an insignificant overexposure for hands with this new organization because of the labelling and scanning processes of radiolabelled preparation vials. Implementation of bar code technology is now an essential part of a global securing approach towards optimum patient management.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Pharmacy, Radiopharmacy Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France bAutomatic and Process Engineering Laboratory, Université Lyon 1, UMR/CNRS 5007 Lyon, France cUniversité Lyon 1, EMR UCBL/HCL 3738, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matanza
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hallouard
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rioufol
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fessi
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraysse
mesh_terms: D001330:Electronic Data Processing / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals