title: Effects of two bioactive materials on survival and osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of mineralization process in periradicular tissues following the injuries, is important in repair mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CEM cement on survival and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and compare it with MTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  hMSCs that were planted on test material extracts and culture media were the experimental and control groups, respectively. The cytotoxicity of these materials was investigated using Methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. After 7 days, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays, and qRT-PCR were used to assess the mineralization, expression of ALP, and gene expression (collagen type 1 and osteocalcin), respectively. The results were evaluated by ANOVA analysis and multiple comparisons test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability was not significantly different. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining showed mineralization in all three groups. In qRT-PCR, the expression of collagen type 1 is not significantly different among the three groups. Osteocalcin gene expression was significantly higher in the CEM group compared to the control (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEM cement has acceptable toxicity and could induce mineralization process and enhance osteocalcin gene expression which is associated with mineralization in hMSCs.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hengameh
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Dajmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reyhaneh
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Laboratory, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Moradi Majd
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nima
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Homayouni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamed
keywords: CEM cement; MTA; human mesenchymal stem cell; mineralization; osteoblastic differentiation