title: The Changing Role for Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Giant-Cell Myocarditis.
abstract: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is central to the diagnosis of giant-cell myocarditis (GCM) and planning further management. There is, however, no guideline-directed recommendation on re-biopsy or left ventricular EMB in a suspected case of acute, fulminant myocarditis following an indeterminate first biopsy. This manuscript illustrates, with a case, the changing role for EMB in the current era in the diagnosis of GCM.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA. kalramd.ankur@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.affiliation: Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kneeland
authors.affiliation: Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cooper
keywords: Cardiology; Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB); Giant cell; Left ventricular EMB; Myocarditis