title: Effect of citric acid induced deflocculation on the ultrasonic pretreatment efficiency of dairy waste activated sludge.
abstract: In this investigation, the application of citric acid was explored for the removal of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from waste activated sludge (WAS), followed by ultrasonic pretreatment, which enhanced the subsequent anaerobic biodegradability. EPS was removed with 0.05g/g SS of citric acid. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization and suspended solids (SS) reduction that occurred for specific energy input of 171.9kJ/kg TS, in deflocculated (EPS removed and ultrasonically pretreated) sludges were found to be 22.70% and 20.28% and was comparatively higher, than the flocculated (with EPS and ultrasonically pretreated). The biogas yield potential of flocculated and deflocculated sludges (specific energy input - 171.9kJ/kgTS) was found to be 0.212L/(gVS) and 0.435L/(gVS), respectively. Accordingly, the deflocculation and ultrasonic pretreatment improved the anaerobic biodegradability efficiently. Thus, this chemo mediated sonic pretreatment is an effective method for enhancing biodegradability and improving clean energy generation from WAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gayathri
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adish Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Thiruparankundram, Madurai, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaliappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ick Tae
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India. Electronic address: rajeshces@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajesh Banu
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003612:Dairying; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry; D005427:Flocculation; D007700:Kinetics; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D012995:Solubility; D014465:Ultrasonics; D018505:Waste Management / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D012722:Sewage; D019343:Citric Acid; D008697:Methane
keywords: Anaerobic biodegradability; Cell lysis; Enzyme activity; Extracellular polymeric substance; Solubilization; Waste activated sludge (WAS)