title: Genome-wide screen of promoter methylation identifies novel markers in diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the genome-wide promoter methylation and gene expression for the identification of methylation markers in obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a high-fat, diet-induced obese mouse model, we performed comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of gene promoters to determine the differentially methylated genes using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by hybridization to the NimbleGen MM8 CpG plus Promoter Microarray. We further integrated epigenomics data with gene expression profiling to identify promoters exhibiting an association between methylation status and the expression of downstream genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24 hypermethylated promoters and 42 hypomethylated promoters in epididymal fat were selected as methylation markers, which were associated with downregulated and upregulated gene expression, respectively. The promoter methylation and differential gene expression of three markers (Mmp2, Foxj3 and Ube2q2) in the fat were validated by sequencing bisulfitemodified DNA and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. The genes with these differentially methylated promoters and the associated transcriptional expression in the fat were primarily involved in biological activities in lipid metabolism and storage, cellular differentiation, immunity and the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents the first effort to determine methylation markers in obese mice that may regulate gene transcription in obesity. Our approach has potential relevance for clinical applications by identifying markers useful in elucidating the mechanisms of obesity pathogenesis and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Unit. Beijing Pediatric Research Institute. Beijing Children's Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing. China. These authors contributed equally to this work.. fanchaonan-2005@163.com.
authors.forename: Chaonan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center. Hospital 304 affiliated with the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. Beijing. China.. suifengzhiyou@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Unit. Beijing Pediatric Research Institute. Beijing Children's Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing. China.. yankesong@163.com.
authors.forename: Kesong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Unit. Beijing Pediatric Research Institute. Beijing Children's Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing. China.. shenwenwen210@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Unit. Beijing Pediatric Research Institute. Beijing Children's Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing. China.. wangcui0424@163.com.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center. Hospital 304 affiliated with the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. Beijing. China. Address correspondence to Kemin Qi and Dawei Zhan.. xia4302668@126.com.
authors.forename: Lulu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Unit. Beijing Pediatric Research Institute. Beijing Children's Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing. China. Address correspondence to Kemin Qi and Dawei Zhan.. davidzhandoc@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Unit. Beijing Pediatric Research Institute. Beijing Children's Hospital. Capital Medical University. Beijing. China. These authors contributed equally to this work.. qkm666@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kemin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004032:Diet; D015870:Gene Expression; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic