title: HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 represses seedling traits in Arabidopsis thaliana dry seeds.
abstract: Plant life is characterized by major phase changes. We studied the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the transition from seed to seedling in Arabidopsis. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC stimulated germination of freshly harvested seeds. Subsequent analysis revealed that histone deacetylase 9 (hda9) mutant alleles displayed reduced seed dormancy and faster germination than wild-type plants. Transcriptome meta-analysis comparisons between the hda9 dry seed transcriptome and published datasets demonstrated that transcripts of genes that are induced during imbibition in wild-type prematurely accumulated in hda9-1 dry seeds. This included several genes associated with photosynthesis and photoautotrophic growth such as RuBisCO and RuBisCO activase (RCA). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated enhanced histone acetylation levels at their loci in young hda9-1 seedlings. Our observations suggest that HDA9 negatively influences germination and is involved in the suppression of seedling traits in dry seeds, probably by transcriptional repression via histone deacetylation. Accordingly, HDA9 transcript is abundant in dry seeds and becomes reduced during imbibition in wild-type seeds. The proposed function of HDA9 is opposite to that of its homologous genes HDA6 and HDA19, which have been reported to repress embryonic properties in germinated seedlings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany; Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padulaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Zanten
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zöll
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: Annaick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carles
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Noortje G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kornet
authors.forename: Yongxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wim J J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Soppe
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D057445:Plant Dormancy; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C583167:HDA9 protein, Arabidopsis; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; HDA9; RuBisCO; germination; histone deacetylase; seed dormancy