title: Influence of cone-beam computed tomographic scan mode for detection of horizontal root fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was (1) to test the accuracy of a small-volume cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) device in detecting horizontal root fractures (HRFs) in teeth with and without an intracanal metallic post (IMP) and (2) to investigate the use of 2 different acquisition protocols of a CBCT device for HRF diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty endodontically treated teeth with and without an IMP were examined using PreXion 3D CBCT scanner (Terarecon, San Mateo, CA) with a 5-cm high and 5-cm diameter cylinder at 0.10-mm voxel reconstruction. Two observers analyzed the samples to determine the presence and location of HRFs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity values ranged from 0.40-0.80. The most favorable results were found for the samples with no IMP observed using the protocol of a higher number of x-ray projections (0.70-0.80). Accuracy in the groups with an IMP ranged from 75%-90% in the 1024 x-ray projection protocol (HI-HI group) versus 70%-85% for the same samples examined in the 512 x-ray projection protocol (HI-STD group). Intraobserver agreement ranged from relevant to perfect concordance for both protocols (HI-HI = Kappa: 0.60-1.00 and HI-STD = Kappa: 0.55-0.89). Interobserver agreement ranged from moderate to perfect concordance for both protocols (HI-HI = Kappa: 0.79-0.89 and HI-STD = Kappa: 0.42-0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though there are statistically significant differences for the protocol with the higher number of x-ray projections, we found high accuracy, sensitivity, sensibility, and intra- and interobserver agreement in detecting HRFs for both Prexion 3D protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otavio Shoiti
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Umetsubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oséas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Felipe
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Gaia
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mgpcaval@usp.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys
keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; diagnosis; horizontal root fracture