title: Anti-inflammatory effects of wild Irish mushroom extracts in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells.
abstract: Mushrooms and mushroom extracts have traditionally been used as therapies for a wide variety of ailments, including allergy, arthritis, and other inflammatory disorders. However, more evidence is required on the mechanism by which mushrooms exert these effects. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol and hot water extracts prepared from 27 fungal samples collected between October and November 2011 at various forest locations in the southwest of Ireland were investigated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7 cells) model of inflammation. LPS-stimulated cells were incubated in the presence of mushroom extracts at nontoxic concentrations for 24 h and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was quantified by ELISA. Seven ethanolic and one hot water extract that decreased IL-6 production were selected for further study. The extracts were then incubated with LPS-stimulated cells for 24 h and the production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) was measured. Ethanolic extracts prepared from Russula mairei, Lactarius blennius, Craterellus tubaeformis, Russula fellea, and Craterellus cornucopioides demonstrated selective anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of NO and IL-6 but not TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These findings support existing evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of mushroom extracts.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland .
authors.forename: Yvonne C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: Nora M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brunton
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007494:Ireland; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: RAW264.7; anti-inflammatory; fungi; wild mushrooms