title: The impact of intolerance of uncertainty, worry and irritability on quality of life in persons with epilepsy: irritability as mediator.
abstract: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder afflicting many people in the world. The impact of epilepsy on the quality of life of those afflicted with epilepsy is greater than the limitations imposed by the seizures alone. Among the several psychological disorders found to be comorbid with epilepsy are anxiety and depression, both of which impair quality of life in epilepsy. Some studies have reported that the anxiety seen in epilepsy is characterized by worry while the depression seen is characterized by irritability. A concept common to both anxiety and depression is intolerance of uncertainty. Therefore, the study explores the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, worry and irritability and their association to quality of life in epilepsy. A descriptive-correlational research method was used and the research sample comprised 60 consecutive referrals seeking outpatient neurological services for epilepsy at Alavi Hospital in Ardebil. Data were collected by administering the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Irritability Questionnaire and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and multivariate regression analysis. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. Findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty, worry and irritability have unique significant effects on quality of life. The implications are that interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with epilepsy should address their feelings of uncertainty, worry and irritability. Furthermore, irritability seems to mediate the impact of both intolerance of uncertainty and worry on quality of life of individuals with epilepsy. No significant moderation effects were noted. Results underscore the important role of irritability in the quality of life of persons with epilepsy. The findings are discussed with reference to the possibility of particular predisposing temperaments and add credence to the suggestion of an epileptic personality.
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Electronic address: ub@uma.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barahmand
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Electronic address: agrirobar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Afsar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012042:Registries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035501:Uncertainty; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epilepsy; Irritability; Quality of life; Uncertainty; Worry