title: Variable-number tandem repeats genotyping used to aid and inform management strategies for a bovine Johne's disease incursion in tropical and subtropical Australia.
abstract: The application of variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates to assist in investigating incidents of bovine Johne's disease in a low-prevalence region of Australia is described in the current study. Isolates from a response to detection of bovine Johne's disease in Queensland were compared with strains from national and international sources. The tandem application of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) and multilocus short sequence repeats (MLSSR) genotyping identified 2 strains, 1 that infected cattle on multiple properties with trace-forward histories from a common infected property, and 1 genotypically different strain recovered from a single property. The former strain showed an identical genotype to an isolate from India. Neither strain showed a genotypic link to regions of Australia with a higher prevalence of the disease. Genotyping has indicated incursions from 2 independent sources. This intelligence has informed investigations into potential routes of entry and the soundness of ongoing control measures, and supported strategy and policy decisions regarding management of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis incursions for Queensland.
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Oakey, Platell, Waltisbuhl)Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Gavey)Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, District of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (Singh) jane.oakey@daff.qld.gov.au.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oakey
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Oakey, Platell, Waltisbuhl)Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Gavey)Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, District of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (Singh).
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gavey
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Oakey, Platell, Waltisbuhl)Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Gavey)Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, District of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (Singh).
authors.forename: Shoor Vir
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Oakey, Platell, Waltisbuhl)Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Gavey)Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, District of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (Singh).
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Platell
authors.affiliation: Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia (Oakey, Platell, Waltisbuhl)Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia (Gavey)Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, District of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (Singh).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waltisbuhl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Bovine Johne’s disease; multilocus short sequence repeats typing; mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit typing; variable-number tandem repeats genotyping