title: [Clinical classification and selection of surgical approaches for cervical spinal dumbbell tumors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical classification and selection of surgical approaches for cervical spinal dumbbell tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 87 patients with cervical spinal dumbbell tumors undergoing surgical operations from January 2005 to December 2012 at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. According to the size of inner and outer parts of tumors and the presence or absence of spinal bone damage, the cervical spinal dumbbell tumors were divided into 4 types of intraspinal predominant (I, n = 48), extraspinal predominant (II, n = 1), intrapinal and extraspinal without damage of spinal bone (III, n = 15) and intrapinal and extraspinal type with damage of spinal bone (IV, n = 7). Different surgical approaches were selected on the basis of tumor classification: posterior median-hemilamina approaches for type I tumors, lateral-muscle gap approaches for type II tumors, ateral-muscle gap-hemilamina or lateral-muscle gap-posterior median-hemilamina approaches for type III tumors, posterior far lateral-muscle gap-hemilamina or posterior median-muscle gap-hemilamina approaches plus posterior occipital cervical or cervical spinal bone graft fusion and internal fixation for type IV tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among them, 83 cases underwent total resection and another 4 subtotal resection in one-stage operation. The postoperative follow-up period had a range of 9 months to 6 years (mean, 3.2 years). There was no recurrence of tumors for total resection and 1 case of tumor recurrence for subtotal resection. During the follow-up period, the clinical manifestations of 85 patients improved while another 2 deteriorated. And there was no occurrence of spinal deformity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical classification of cervical spinal dumbbell tumor plays an important guiding role in the selection of surgical approaches. Adopting appropriate surgical approaches based on tumor type can not only improve the rate of total resection of tumor but also reduce the incidence of postoperative spinal deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yuelong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Jiagang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Kaiyong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Email: huangsiqing028@163.com.
authors.forename: Siqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult