title: Antiviral Effects of Lactococcus lactis on Feline Calicivirus, A Human Norovirus Surrogate.
abstract: Foodborne viruses, particularly human norovirus (NV) and hepatitis virus type A, are a cause of concern for public health making it necessary to explore novel and effective techniques for prevention of foodborne viral contamination, especially in minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods. This study aimed to determine the antiviral activity of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (LAB) against feline calicivirus (FCV), a surrogate of human NV. Bacterial growth medium filtrate (BGMF) of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 and its bacterial cell suspension (BCS) were evaluated separately for their antiviral activity against FCV grown in Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells. No significant antiviral effect was seen when CRFK cells were pre-treated with either BGMF (raw or pH 7-adjusted BGMF) or BCS. However, pre-treatment of FCV with BGMF and BCS resulted in a reduction in virus titers of 1.3 log10 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50 and 1.8 log10 TCID50, respectively. The highest reductions in FCV infectivity were obtained when CRFK cells were co-treated with FCV and pH 7-adjusted BGMF or with FCV and BCS (7.5 log10 TCID50 and 6.0 log10 TCID50, respectively). These preliminary results are encouraging and indicate the need for continued studies on the role of probiotics and LAB on inactivation of viruses in various types of foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.|Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.|Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton St., El-Shatby, P.O. Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hamada A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Aboubakr
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton St., El-Shatby, P.O. Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Banna
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton St., El-Shatby, P.O. Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology, Arid Land Cultivation and Development Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El Aarab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sobhy A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Sohaimy
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. goyal001@umn.edu.|Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. goyal001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Sagar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goyal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load; D038301:Virus Inactivation
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned
keywords: Antiviral activity; Feline calicivirus; Foodborne viruses; Lactic acid bacteria; Lactococcus lactis; Norovirus; Probiotics