title: Comparison of frictional forces between aesthetic orthodontic coated wires and self-ligation brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of polymer- and rhodium-coated wires compared to uncoated wires by measuring the frictional forces using self-ligation brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  0.016-inch nickel titanium (NiTi) wires and 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel (SS) wires were used, and the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to 0°, 5°, and 10°. Upper maxillary premolar brackets (Clippy-C®) with a 0.022-inch slot were selected for the study and a tensile test was performed with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The maximum static frictional forces and kinetic frictional forces were recorded and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces of coated wires were equal to or higher than those of the uncoated wires (p < 0.05). The maximum static frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were significantly higher than those of polymer-coated wires when the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to (i) 5° in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires and (ii) all angulations in the 0.017 × 0.025-inch SS wires (p < 0.05). The kinetic frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were higher than those of polymer-coated wires, except when the angulations were set to 0° in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the frictional forces of the coated wires with regards to aesthetics were equal to or greater than those of the uncoated wires, a study under similar conditions regarding the oral cavity is needed in order to establish the clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yunmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Yul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Seog
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tahk
keywords: Bracket; Frictional forces; Wire