title: Ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) prevents morphine-induced addictive behaviors in conditioned place preference test in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of chronic morphine induces neuro-inflammation and addictive seeking behavior. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), a well-known spice plant, has been used traditionally in the treatment of a wide variety of ailments. It has been shown that ginger has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antinociceptive properties. However, its influences on morphine-induced addictive behaviors have not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was the inhibition of exploratory behavior of morphine addiction in the conditioned place preference test in male desert rats through ginger.
  
  
  METHODS
  For conditioning to the morphine, the male Wistar rats received morphine (12 mg/kg intraperitoneally or i.p.) for 6 consecutive days and treatment groups were given different doses of ginger (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg intragastrically or i.g.) 30 min before morphine injection. For investigating addictive seeking behavior, conditioned place preference test (CPP) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our result demonstrated that injection of morphine for 6 days induces dependency to morphine and creates addictive seeking behavior and ginger (100 mg/kg) could decrease time spend in conditioning box (addictive seeking behavior).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicated that ginger extract has a potential anti-addictive property against chronic usage of morphine.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran Branch, Tehran AND Laboratory of Molecular, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torkzadeh-Mahani
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasri
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esmaeili-Mahani
keywords: Addictive seeking behavior; Conditioned place preference; Ginger extract; Morphine; Rats