title: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from spruce wood bark.
abstract: Here we describe the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the phenolic compounds from spruce wood bark and present a straight-forward experimental planning method, allowing the optimisation of the process. The effect of ethanol concentration, temperature and extraction time were evaluated through a 3(2)·2 experimental planning. The efficiency of the extraction process was appreciated based on factorial ANOVA results. The maximum extraction yield of total polyphenols (13.232mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of spruce bark tested) was obtained using a process time of 60min, an extraction temperature of 54°C and a concentration of ethanol of 70% respectively. These results indicate that an important quantity of bioactive compounds can be extracted from spruce wood bark by ultrasound assisted extraction technology.
authors.affiliation: "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland. Electronic address: ghitescu.roxana@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Roxana-Elena
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ghitescu
authors.affiliation: "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Volf
authors.affiliation: "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carausu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bühlmann
authors.affiliation: "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Iulian Andrei
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Gilca
authors.affiliation: "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Valentin I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Popa
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D028222:Picea / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: ANOVA; Phenolic compounds; Spruce bark; Ultrasound extraction