title: Homing effect of adipose-derived stem cells to the injured liver: the shift of stromal cell-derived factor 1 expressions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether systemically transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) homed to the injured liver in nude mice under stress with subsequent hepatectomy (Hx) and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was investigated in the present study. The types of cells in the liver that were involved in the homing of ADSCs were clarified, with focus on the stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) axis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adipose-derived stem cells were transplanted intravenously immediately after 70% Hx and I/R. ADSCs were traced by in vivo imaging for 24 h after transplantation and ADSCs were histologically detected in the liver. SDF-1 and CXCR-4 expressions in the liver were evaluated by real time RT-PCR. The immunohistochemical analysis of SDF-1 was also performed to identify SDF-1 expressing cells in the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adipose-derived stem cells were found in various organs immediately following transplantation and almost accumulated in remnant liver or spleen at 6 h after transplantation. ADSCs were also histologically revealed in the harvested liver. Hx and I/R injury significantly enhanced SDF-1 expressions regardless of ADSCs transplantation, and only ADSC transplantation increased CXCR-4 expressions. The predominant SDF-1 positive cells in the liver were equally identified in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells at 6 h, but shifted to non-parenchymal cells at 24 h after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemically transplanted ADSCs homed to the injured liver after transplantation, possibly based on the mechanisms of SDF-1/CXCR-4 axis. Therefore, systemic transplantation might be an effective and practical route for the transplantation of ADSCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. saito@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morine
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanamoto
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takasu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse
keywords: Adipose derived stem cells; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion; Homing; Stromal derived factor-1