title: Shaping ability of waveone primary reciprocating files and ProTaper system used in continuous and reciprocating motion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping effects of Wave One (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and full-sequence ProTaper nickel-titanium (NiTi) files (Dentsply Maillefer) used in reciprocating and conventional movements in a simulated canal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five S-shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 25): WaveOne (group 1), full sequence of ProTaper Universal files in conventional movements (group 2), and full sequence of ProTaper Universal files in reciprocating movements (group 3). Preoperative and postoperative photographs of the simulated canals were taken under standardized conditions, after which they were accurately superimposed. Two methods were adopted to evaluate the shaping ability of the 3 approaches: measuring the differences in apical and coronal curvature modifications and measuring the amount of resin removed for both curvatures on the right and left sides of the simulated canals. Differences in canal curvature modifications and in the amount of resin removed were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (P < .0001) followed by a Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test and mixed-effects linear model (P < .05), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 3 maintained better coronal and apical canal curvature and less straightening of the simulated canals with respect to groups 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When preparing S-shaped canals, full-sequence ProTaper Universal NiTi files used in a reciprocating motion exhibited better shaping effects than full-sequence ProTaper Universal NiTi files used in a conventional motion and WaveOne.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: valesoho@alice.it.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Nasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagavino
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D009038:Motion; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium
keywords: ProTaper; WaveOne; reciprocating motion