title: Dynamic analysis of a needle insertion for soft materials: Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian-based three-dimensional finite element analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our goal was to develop a three-dimensional finite element model that enables dynamic analysis of needle insertion for soft materials. To demonstrate large deformation and fracture, we used the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method for fluid analysis. We performed ALE-based finite element analysis for 3% agar gel and three types of copper needle with bevel tips.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate simulation results, we compared the needle deflection and insertion force with corresponding experimental results acquired with a uniaxial manipulator. We studied the shear stress distribution of agar gel on various time scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 30°, 45°, and 60°, differences in deflections of each needle between both sets of results were 2.424, 2.981, and 3.737mm, respectively. For the insertion force, there was no significant difference for mismatching area error (p<0.05) between simulation and experimental results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results have the potential to be a stepping stone to develop pre-operative surgical planning to estimate an optimal needle insertion path for MR image-guided microwave coagulation therapy and for analyzing large deformation and fracture in biological tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: yamagu@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Lancemore, Co., M&M2 Building 3F, 5-41-3 Kamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0052, Japan.
authors.forename: Kihei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.affiliation: Biomedical MR Science Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-chou, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009339:Needles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method; Dynamic analysis; Finite element analysis; MR-guided microwave coagulation therapy; Needle insertion