title: Lifestyle management for enhancing outcomes after bariatric surgery.
abstract: Bariatric surgery has been safe and effective for treatment of severe obesity and comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Nonetheless, weight loss and health outcomes vary considerably across individuals. Although the factors associated with outcomes are not fully understood, postoperative weight loss following any type of bariatric surgery is largely dependent on the extent to which patients can make and sustain changes in eating and activity. Therefore, lifestyle management including diet, exercise, and behavior modification is critical to helping patients achieve long-term weight loss. Pharmacotherapy and reoperation may also play a role after bariatric surgery. In this article, we highlight recent research findings in all of these areas to provide suggestions for how to enhance outcomes following bariatric surgery. Research on the mechanisms for weight loss and improvements in T2D following the different surgical procedures is needed to support the development of more personalized approaches to the multidisciplinary management of severe obesity.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Fisher Hall 527, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA, kalarchianm@duq.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalarchian
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gourash
mesh_terms: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D037001:Directive Counseling; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D000077403:Orlistat; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010645:Phentermine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D007783:Lactones; D000077403:Orlistat; D010645:Phentermine