title: Plasma vitamin D is associated with fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in young adult males, but not females, of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine cross-sectional relationships between plasma vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from interviews, physical examinations and biomarker measurements. Total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using LC-tandem MS. Associations between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors were modelled using weighted linear regression with robust estimates of standard errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals born in Jerusalem during 1974-1976.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (n 1204) interviewed and examined at age 32 years. Participants were oversampled for low and high birth weight and for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean total 25(OH)D concentration among participants was 21·7 (sd 8·9) ng/ml. Among males, 25(OH)D was associated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (natural log-transformed, β=-0·011, P=0·004) after adjustment for BMI. However, these associations were not present among females (P for sex interaction=0·005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found evidence for inverse associations of 25(OH)D with markers of insulin resistance among males, but not females, in a healthy, young adult Caucasian population. Prospective studies and studies conducted on other populations investigating sex-specific effects of vitamin D on cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Washington,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,1730 Minor Avenue,Suite #1360,Seattle,WA 98101,USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: 2Braun School of Public Health,Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center,Jerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel.
authors.forename: Hagit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hochner
authors.affiliation: 3Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sitlani
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Epidemiology,Harvard School of Public Health,Harvard University,Boston,MA,USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: 5Department of Laboratory Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hoofnagle
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Washington,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,1730 Minor Avenue,Suite #1360,Seattle,WA 98101,USA.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Washington,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,1730 Minor Avenue,Suite #1360,Seattle,WA 98101,USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kestenbaum
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Washington,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,1730 Minor Avenue,Suite #1360,Seattle,WA 98101,USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.affiliation: 2Braun School of Public Health,Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center,Jerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel.
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,University of Washington,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,1730 Minor Avenue,Suite #1360,Seattle,WA 98101,USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Enquobahrie
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: HOMA-IR