title: The differential contribution of executive functions to temporal generalisation, reproduction and verbal estimation.
abstract: Evidence from dual-task studies suggests that executive resources are recruited during timing. However, there has been little exploration of whether executive recruitment is universal across temporal tasks, or whether different temporal tasks recruit different executive resources. The current study explored this further by examining how individual differences in updating, switching, inhibition and access affected performance on temporal generalisation, reproduction and verbal estimation tasks. It was found that temporal tasks differentially loaded onto different executive resources. Temporal generalisation performance was related to updating and access ability. Reproduction performance was related to updating, access and switching. Verbal estimation performance was only related to access. The results suggest that executive resources may be recruited when monitoring and maintaining multiple durations in memory at the same time, and when retrieving duration representations from long-term memory. The findings emphasise the need to consider timing behaviour as the product of a wide range of complex, integrated, cognitive systems, rather than as the output of a clock in isolation.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK. Electronic address: r.s.ogden@ljmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ruth S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Keele University, UK; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wearden
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
authors.forename: Catharine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention; Executive function; Timing; Working memory