title: Disparities in Access to Prenatal Care Services for African Immigrant Women in Spain.
abstract: This retrospective cohort study compares the utilization of prenatal care between African immigrant and native Spanish women. For 2007-2010, we identified 231 pregnant African immigrant women. The native-born population sample was obtained by simple random sampling in a 1:3 ratio. The Kessner Index (KI) and our Own Index (OI) were applied to rate prenatal care adequacy in three categories (adequate, intermediate, and inadequate). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using non-conditional logistic regression. Prenatal care was adequate according to the indexes (KI or OI) in 21.3 and 25.8% of North Africans and in 22.5 and 30.4% of sub-Saharan Africans. The ORs of inadequacy when adjusted for maternal age, social risk factors, and previous reproductive outcomes were 30.32 and 35.47 (KI or OI) in North and 64.43 and 67.93 in sub- Saharan Africans. These results suggest significant differences in obtaining adequate prenatal care between immigrant and native Spanish women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paz-Zulueta
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santibáñez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult