title: Functional analyses on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects of extracts and compounds from Ilex latifolia Thunb., a Chinese bitter tea.
abstract: Ilex latifolia Thunb., widely distributed in China, has been used as a functional food and drunk for a long time. This study was aimed to identify the bioactive constituents with antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. I. latifolia was extracted with 95% ethanol and then partitioned into four fractions: petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, and water fraction. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have significant ferric reducing antioxidant power activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, cytotoxicity against human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells, and inhibitory effect on NO production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Five compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, and they were identified as ethyl caffeate (1), ursolic acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (4), and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (5), the last two of which were isolated for the first time from I. latifolia. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited cytotoxicity actions against tumor cell line. Compound 3 showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity of all the compounds. The results obtained in this work might contribute to the understanding of biological activities of I. latifolia and further investigation on its potential application values for food and drug.
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002681:China; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D030017:Ilex / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts