title: Association of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions in Han Chinese couples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) gene polymorphisms with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions (URSA) in a well-defined group of Han Chinese couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control association study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from 84 couples with histories of three or more pregnancy losses and 69 age-matched healthy couples with at least one live birth and no histories of pregnancy loss. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and sequencing with the fluorescent dye dideoxy-termination method were used to detect the rs4898 in TIMP-1, rs2277698 in TIMP-2, rs2234921 and rs5749511 in TIMP-3 and rs17035945 in TIMP-4 genotypes and allele frequencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the allele frequencies nor any of the genetic model of the five TIMP gene SNPs (i.e., TIMP-1-rs4898, TIMP-2-rs2277698, TIMP-3-rs5749511 and rs2234921, and TIMP-4-rs7035945) were significantly differences between the URSA couples and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No evidence was found for any associations between the TIMP-1,-2,-3, or -4 genes SNPs with URSA in this Han Chinese Han.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Guihong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Junhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China. Electronic address: chenzijiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zi-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000235:genetics*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human
keywords: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion