title: Lactobacillus casei reduces susceptibility to type 2 diabetes via microbiota-mediated body chloride ion influx.
abstract: Gut microbiota mediated low-grade inflammation is involved in the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study, we used a high fat sucrose (HFS) diet-induced pre-insulin resistance and a low dose-STZ HFS rat models to study the effect and mechanism of Lactobacillus casei Zhang in protecting against T2DM onset. Hyperglycemia was favorably suppressed by L. casei Zhang treatment. Moreover, the hyperglycemia was connected with type 1 immune response, high plasma bile acids and urine chloride ion loss. This chloride ion loss was significantly prevented by L. casei via upregulating of chloride ion-dependent genes (ClC1-7, GlyRα1, SLC26A3, SLC26A6, GABAAα1, Bestrophin-3 and CFTR). A shift in the caecal microflora, particularly the reduction of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria, and fecal bile acid profiles also occurred. These change coincided with organ chloride influx. Thus, we postulate that the prevention of T2DM onset by L. casei Zhang may be via a microbiota-based bile acid-chloride exchange mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qiuwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yuqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1] Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of P. R. China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China [2].
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002712:Chlorides; D016207:Cytokines; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D007473:Ion Channels; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor