title: Compressed sensing single-breath-hold CMR for fast quantification of LV function, volumes, and mass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare a novel compressed sensing (CS)-based single-breath-hold multislice magnetic resonance cine technique with the standard multi-breath-hold technique for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and function.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cardiac magnetic resonance is generally accepted as the gold standard for LV volume and function assessment. LV function is 1 of the most important cardiac parameters for diagnosis and the monitoring of treatment effects. Recently, CS techniques have emerged as a means to accelerate data acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prototype CS cine sequence acquires 3 long-axis and 4 short-axis cine loops in 1 single breath-hold (temporal/spatial resolution: 30 ms/1.5 × 1.5 mm(2); acceleration factor 11.0) to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF(CS)) as well as LV volumes and LV mass using LV model-based 4D software. For comparison, a conventional stack of multi-breath-hold cine images was acquired (temporal/spatial resolution 40 ms/1.2 × 1.6 mm(2)). As a reference for the left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), aortic flow was measured by phase-contrast acquisition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 94% of the 33 participants (12 volunteers: mean age 33 ± 7 years; 21 patients: mean age 63 ± 13 years with different LV pathologies), the image quality of the CS acquisitions was excellent. LVEF(CS) and LVEF(standard) were similar (48.5 ± 15.9% vs. 49.8 ± 15.8%; p = 0.11; r = 0.96; slope 0.97; p < 0.00001). Agreement of LVSV(CS) with aortic flow was superior to that of LVSV(standard) (overestimation vs. aortic flow: 5.6 ± 6.5 ml vs. 16.2 ± 11.7 ml, respectively; p = 0.012) with less variability (r = 0.91; p < 0.00001 for the CS technique vs. r = 0.71; p < 0.01 for the standard technique). The intraobserver and interobserver agreement for all CS parameters was good (slopes 0.93 to 1.06; r = 0.90 to 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated the feasibility of applying the CS strategy to evaluate LV function and volumes with high accuracy in patients. The single-breath-hold CS strategy has the potential to replace the multi-breath-hold standard cardiac magnetic resonance technique.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiac MR Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vincenti
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiac MR Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monney
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chaptinel
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiac MR Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coppo
authors.affiliation: MR Product Innovation and Definition, Healthcare Sector, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Zenge
authors.affiliation: MR Product Innovation and Definition, Healthcare Sector, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Imaging and Computer Vision, Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Princeton, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Mariappan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nadar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare IM BM PI, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piccini
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiac MR Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chèvre
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuber
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiac MR Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: jurg.schwitter@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Juerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwitter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D062485:Breath Holding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: cardiac function; fast LV assessment; fast imaging