title: Clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic analyses of 21 patients with neonatal thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A review of the literature reports neonatal thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies cases through a retrospective study that focuses on the pathogenesis and main clinical and laboratory manifestations of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case reports were selected from PubMed. The keywords used to search were neonatal, antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis, and antiphospholipid antibodies. References that were published from 1987 to 2013 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one cases of neonatal thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies were identified. Ten children were born preterm (before 37 weeks). Arterial involvement (17/21) was predominant, of which stroke (12/17) was the most prevalent clinical manifestation. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies were predominant (13/21) in the antiphospholipid antibody profiles. Treatments were based on the use of symptomatics such as antiepileptics (8/21), and 6/21 patients received heparin. There were 4 deaths (4/21); otherwise, the children recovered well, especially the neonates who suffered from strokes (9/12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies are rare. The development of thrombotic manifestations in neonates seems not to be associated exclusively with the aPL, but their etiology may be linked to pre- and perinatal events. We noted good therapeutic responses, especially in stroke patients, who presented with favorable outcomes in 82% of the cases.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Fortaleza (Unifor), 60811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus Vinicius da Costa
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.affiliation: Aliança Medical Center, 41920-000 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jozélio Freire
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Fortaleza (Unifor), 60811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil ; Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Ewerton Maia
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid