title: HIV and noncommunicable diseases: the Asian perspective.
abstract: Asia is seeing a rise in noncommunicable diseases in their general population and among people living with HIV. Many Asians have low body weight, which can lead to higher plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals and, as a result, their toxicities. Examples are metabolic complications from protease inhibitors, chronic kidney disease from tenofovir, and hepatotoxicity from nevirapine. Asia has not only the highest burden of hepatitis B viral infection than any other continent but also a predominance of genotypes B and C, the latter associated with higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are equally common among Asians as other populations. Diastolic dysfunction and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia are not infrequent. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common AIDS-related cancer, whereas Kaposi sarcoma is relatively infrequent. Emerging data show high prevalence of human papillomavirus-associated anal dysplasia in men who have sex with men. Resource-limited countries in Asia suffer from lack of resources for national screening programs of noncommunicable diseases, which, in turn, limits the epidemiologic data that exist to guide the use of national health resources.
authors.affiliation: *US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD; †Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD; ‡HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand; and §Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jintanat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ananworanich
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avihingsanon
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000453:epidemiology; D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003906:Developing Countries; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents