title: Evidence of increased centrally enhanced bladder compliance with ageing in a mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that ageing is associated with increasing neurogenic enhancement of bladder filling compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female B6 mice (aged 2, 12, 22 and 26 months) underwent cystometry while alive and immediately after death. Bladder compliance was calculated from pressure-time data. Pressure data were transformed using Fast Fourier Transform to obtain power spectra of bladder pressure variations attributable to contractile activity during filling in both alive and dead mice. A cut-off frequency (CF) was determined for each mouse, above which any power content would be primarily neurogenic. Compliance and power spectra results were compared among age groups, and correlations sought.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reversible loss of bladder compliance and non-voiding contractile (NVC) activity followed abolition of voiding reflexes in female colony mice in all age groups. Bladder filling compliance increased with age in urethane-anaesthetised and post-mortem conditions, and more so in the former. Power below the CF did not significantly vary with age. Neurogenic power increased with age, and significantly correlated with compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in neurogenic power during filling accompanies increased centrally mediated compliance enhancement with age. A bladder control model in which brain processes related to micturition may compensate for age-associated changes; thereby preserving voiding function is suggested. Urinary dysfunction could be viewed as the result of homeostatic failure rather than strictly end-organ pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003187:Compliance; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics
keywords: Fourier analysis; ageing; urinary bladder