title: Cross-sectional comparison of coronary artery calcium scores between Caucasian men in the United States and Japanese men in Japan: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and the Shiga epidemiological study of subclinical atherosclerosis.
abstract: The incidence of coronary heart disease in the United States has declined, and prevalences of several coronary disease risk factors have become comparable to those in Japan. Therefore, the burden of coronary atherosclerosis may be closer among younger persons in the 2 countries. We aimed to compare prevalences of coronary atherosclerosis, measured with coronary artery calcium scores, between men in the 2 countries by age group (45-54, 55-64, or 65-74 years). We used community-based samples of Caucasian men in the United States (2000-2002; n = 1,067) and Japanese men in Japan (2006-2008; n = 832) aged 45-74 years, stratifying them into groups with 0, 1, 2, or ≥3 of the following risk factors: current smoking, overweight, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. We calculated adjusted odds ratios of US Caucasian men's having Agatston scores of ≥10, ≥100, and ≥400 with reference to Japanese men. Overall, the odds of Caucasian men having each Agatston cutoff point were greater. The ethnic difference, however, became smaller in younger age groups. For example, adjusted odds ratios for Caucasian men's having an Agatston score of ≥100 were 2.05, 2.43, and 3.86 among those aged 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years, respectively. Caucasian men in the United States had a higher burden of coronary atherosclerosis than Japanese men, but the ethnic difference was smaller in younger age groups.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiyoshi
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisamatsu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.forename: Kiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: atherosclerosis; coronary artery calcium; ethnic group; men