title: Residents' and preceptors' perceptions of the use of the iPad for clinical teaching in a family medicine residency program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As Family Medicine programs across Canada are transitioning into a competency-based curriculum, medical students and clinical teachers are increasingly incorporating tablet computers in their work and educational activities. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify how preceptors and residents use tablet computers to implement and adopt a new family medicine curriculum and to evaluate how they access applications (apps) through their tablet in an effort to support and enhance effective teaching and learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents and preceptors (n = 25) from the Family Medicine program working at the Pembroke Regional Hospital in Ontario, Canada, were given iPads and training on how to use the device in clinical teaching and learning activities and how to access the online curriculum. Data regarding the use and perceived contribution of the iPads were collected through surveys and focus groups. This mixed methods research used analysis of survey responses to support the selection of questions for focus groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reported results were categorized into: curriculum and assessment; ease of use; portability; apps and resources; and perceptions about the use of the iPad in teaching/learning setting. Most participants agreed on the importance of accessing curriculum resources through the iPad but recognized that these required enhancements to facilitate use. The iPad was considered to be more useful for activities involving output of information than for input. Participants' responses regarding the ease of use of mobile technology were heterogeneous due to the diversity of computer proficiency across users. Residents had a slightly more favorable opinion regarding the iPad's contribution to teaching/learning compared to preceptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  iPad's interface should be fully enhanced to allow easy access to online curriculum and its built-in resources. The differences in computer proficiency level among users should be reduced by sharing knowledge through workshops led by more skillful iPad users. To facilitate collection of information through the iPad, the design of electronic data-input forms should consider the participants' reported negative perceptions towards typing data through mobile devices. Technology deployment projects should gather sufficient evidence from pilot studies in order to guide efforts to adapt resources and infrastructure to relevant needs of Family Medicine teachers and learners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère St,, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada. darchibald@bruyere.org.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Archibald
authors.forename: Colla J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hogue
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiallos
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D003197:Computer Literacy; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D003479:Curriculum; D004493:Education; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D009864:Ontario; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011231:Preceptorship; D012984:Software