title: Unraveling low-level gamma radiation--responsive changes in expression of early and late genes in leaves of rice seedlings at Iitate Village, Fukushima.
abstract: In the summer of 2012, 1 year after the nuclear accident in March 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, we examined the effects of gamma radiation on rice at a highly contaminated field of Iitate village in Fukushima, Japan. We investigated the morphological and molecular changes on healthy rice seedlings exposed to continuous low-dose gamma radiation up to 4 µSv h(-1), about 80 times higher than natural background level. After exposure to gamma rays, expression profiles of selected genes involved in DNA replication/repair, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and defense/stress functions were examined by RT-PCR, which revealed their differential expression in leaves in a time-dependent manner over 3 days (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). For example, OsPCNA mRNA rapidly increased at 6, 12, and 24 h, suggesting that rice cells responded to radiation stress by activating a gene involved in DNA repair mechanisms. At 72 h, genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway (OsPAL2) and cell death (OsPR1oa) were strongly induced, indicating activation of defense/stress responses. We next profiled the transcriptome using a customized rice whole-genome 4×44K DNA microarray at early (6h) and late (72 h) time periods. Low-level gamma radiation differentially regulated rice leaf gene expression (induced 4481 and suppressed 3740 at 6 h and induced 2291 and suppressed 1474 genes at 72 h) by at least 2-fold. Using the highly upregulated and downregulated gene list, MapMan bioinformatics tool generated diagrams of early and late pathways operating in cells responding to gamma ray exposure. An inventory of a large number of gamma radiation-responsive genes provides new information on novel regulatory processes in rice.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Gohei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shibato
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Kyoungwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Shoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Shinzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukutani
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Katsuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Ganesh Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal).
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Hayashi and Fukumoto); Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan (Hayashi, Imanaka, and Fukutani); the Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan (Shibato, Shioda, and Rakwal); the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (Shibato); the Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, South Korea (Cho); the Environmental Stress Mechanisms Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kubo); the Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Kikuchi and Satoh); the Laboratory of International Epidemiology, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi, Japan (Kimura); 91372-7 Kusabana, Akiruno, Tokyo, Japan (Ozawa); the Quantam Energy Applications, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Endo); the Office Brain, Tama Tsurumaki, Tokyo, Japan (Ichikawa); the Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); the GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal (Agrawal and Rakwal); and the Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan (Rakwal). plantproteomics@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Randeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rakwal
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D062406:Fukushima Nuclear Accident; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007564:Japan; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011786:Quality Control; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants
keywords: DNA repair; Oryza sativa; OsPCNA; gamma radiation; seedling leaf; stress response