title: Retention of fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) proficiency with a biannual mandatory training session.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) program was developed by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) in 1997 with the goal of teaching surgeons the fundamental knowledge, judgment, and technical skills specific to laparoscopic surgery (Peters et al., Surgery JH 135:21-27, 2004; Soper et al., Bull Am College Surg NJ 93:30-32, 2008). This single academic institution observational study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a biannual FLS training curriculum on Post-Graduate Year [PGY] 1-5 proficiency levels, with a focus on one FLS task (PEG transfer). Previous studies have shown that obtaining expert FLS proficiency correlates with retaining proficiency in the future (Castellvi et al., Surgery 146:387-393, 2009).
  
  
  METHODS
  PGY 1-5 residents (n = 28) at an academic general surgery residency program performed two timed PEG transfer tasks biannually. Participants were monitored by FLS certified examiners and standard FLS rules applied. Residents were expected to meet or exceed standards set by SAGES and FLS in consecutive timed PEG transfer trials (proficiency: <48 s).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight residents participated (PGY 1-5). Participants showed proficiency if they completed the PEG transfer task in less than 48 s on two consecutive trials. None of the PGY 1 or PGY 2 residents completed two consecutive trials within the stated proficiency time, while the majority of the PGY 3-5 residents showed proficiency in the PEG transfer task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A biannual training session for FLS retains expert proficiency by PGY levels 4-5. Previous reports from our institution demonstrated that 95 % of the residents did not practice this task between mandatory biannual sessions. This suggests that, in combination with standard residency training, biannual FLS sessions confer retained expert skills by PGY 4-5. As the FLS exam is generally taken by PGY 4 and 5 residents and is required for board certification, general surgery residents that participate in biannual training sessions will likely retain expert proficiency and achieve FLS certification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 2040 West Charleston Blvd., #302, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA, LWenger@medicine.nevada.edu.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Cory
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D014481:United States