title: What lies within: coinfections and immunity.
abstract: Helminth-induced immunomodulation is thought to influence the outcome of secondary infections. Osborne et al. (2014) and Reese et al. (2014) demonstrate that helminth infection impacts viral infections by tilting the immune system toward Th2/M2 immune regulatory responses that dampen Th1/M1 antiviral responses as well as promote reactivation of latent herpesviruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Global Oncology at the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
authors.forename: Blossom
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Damania
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Global Oncology at the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA. Electronic address: ddittmer@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Dirk P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dittmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology*; D018142:Gammaherpesvirinae / Q000502:physiology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology*; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000276:immunology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology*; D014234:Trichinella / Q000276:immunology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000276:immunology*; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases