title: Label-free detection of serum proteins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for colorectal cancer screening.
abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of serum proteins purified from human serum samples were employed to detect colorectal cancer. Acetic acid as a new aggregating agent was introduced to increase the magnitude of the SERS enhancement. High-quality SERS spectra of serum proteins were acquired from 103 cancer patients and 103 healthy volunteers. Tentative assignments of SERS bands reflect that some specific biomolecular contents and protein secondary structures change with colorectal cancer progression. Principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis was used to assess the capability of this approach for identifying colorectal cancer, yielding diagnostic accuracies of 100% (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 100%) based on albumin SERS spectroscopy and 99.5% (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 99%) based on globulin SERS spectroscopy, respectively. A partial least squares (PLS) approach was introduced to develop diagnostic models. An albumin PLS model successfully predicted the unidentified subjects with a diagnostic accuracy of 93.5% (sensitivity: 95.6%; specificity: 91.3%) and the globulin PLS model gave a diagnostic accuracy of 93.5% (sensitivity: 91.3%; specificity: 95.6%). These results suggest that serum protein SERS spectroscopy can be a sensitive and clinically powerful means for colorectal cancer detection.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Juqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Zufang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Jinyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Shangyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Buhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Nenrong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fuzhou 350007, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001798:Blood Proteins