title: Recent developments in the search for a cure for HIV-1 infection: targeting the latent reservoir for HIV-1.
abstract: HIV-1 infection can now be readily controlled with combination antiretroviral therapy. However, the virus persists indefinitely in a stable latent reservoir in resting CD4(+) T cells. This reservoir generally prevents cure of the infection with combination antiretroviral therapy alone. However, several recent cases of potential HIV-1 cure have generated renewed optimism. Here we review these cases and consider new developments in our understanding of the latent reservoir. In addition, we consider clinical aspects of curative strategies to provide a more realistic picture of what a generally applicable cure for HIV-1 infection is likely to entail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
authors.forename: Janet D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Siliciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Md. Electronic address: rsiliciano@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Siliciano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C584933:CCR5 protein, human; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists; D019713:Receptors, CCR5
keywords: HIV; antiretroviral therapy; cure; eradication; latency; reservoir; stem cell transplantation