title: Modelling the effects of cochlear implant current focusing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A finite element model of the human coiled cochlea was used to model the voltage distribution due to stimulation by the individual electrodes of a cochlear implant. The scalar position of the electrode array was also varied in order to investigate its effect on the voltage distribution. Multi-electrode current focusing methods were then investigated, with the aim of increasing spatial selectivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous current focusing is initially achieved, as in previous publications, by calculating the input currents to the 22 electrodes that best separates the voltages at these electrode positions. The benefits of this electrode focusing strategy do not, however, entirely carry over to the predicted voltage distributions at the position of the spiral ganglion cells, where excitation is believed to occur. A novel focusing strategy is then simulated, which compensates for the impedances between the currents at the electrode sites and the voltage distribution directly at the position of the spiral ganglion cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new strategy produces much better focusing at the sites of the spiral ganglion cells, as expected, but at the cost of increased current requirements. Regularization was introduced in order to reduce current requirements, which also reduced the sensitivity of the solution to uncertainties in the impedance matrix, so that improved focusing was achieved with similar current requirements to that of electrode focusing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although such focusing strategies cannot be achieved in practice at the moment, since the responses from the electrodes to the neural sites cannot be determined with currently available recording methods, these results do support the feasibility of a more effective focusing strategy, which may provide improved spectral resolution leading to improved perception of sound.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Shouyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cochlear implant modelling; Coiled cochlea; Finite element analysis; Stimulation focusing