title: Terminal sialic acid linkages determine different cell infectivities of human parainfluenza virus type 1 and type 3.
abstract: Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) and type 3 (hPIV3) initiate infection by sialic acid binding. Here, we investigated sialic acid linkage specificities for binding and infection of hPIV1 and hPIV3 by using sialic acid linkage-modified cells treated with sialidases or sialyltransferases. The hPIV1 is bound to only α2,3-linked sialic acid residues, whereas hPIV3 is bound to α2,6-linked sialic acid residues in addition to α2,3-linked sialic acid residues in human red blood cells. α2,3 linkage-specific sialidase treatment of LLC-MK2 cells and A549 cells decreased the infectivity of hPIV1 but not that of hPIV3. Treatment of A549 cells with α2,3 linkage-specific sialyltransferase increased infectivities of both hPIV1 and hPIV3, whereas α2,6 linkage-specific sialyltransferase treatment increased only hPIV3 infectivity. Clinical isolates also showed similar sialic acid linkage specificities. We concluded that hPIV1 utilizes only α2,3 sialic acid linkages and that hPIV3 makes use of α2,6 sialic acid linkages in addition to α2,3 sialic acid linkages as viral receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurebayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan.
authors.forename: Enoch Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Virus Research Center, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9838520, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. Electronic address: suzukit@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D011991:Receptors, Virus; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
keywords: Human parainfluenza virus; Receptor specificity; Sialic acid; hPIV1; hPIV3; sialic acid linkages