title: Estimation of effective dose and lifetime attributable risk from multiple head CT scans in ventriculoperitoneal shunted children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to determine the averaged effective dose and lifetime attributable risk factor from multiple head computed tomography (CT) dose data on children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 422 paediatric head CT exams were found between October 2008 and January 2011 and retrospectively reviewed. The CT dose data was weighted with the latest IRCP 103 conversion factor to obtain the effective dose per study and the averaged effective dose was calculated. Estimates of the lifetime attributable risk were also calculated from the averaged effective dose using a conversion factor from the latest BEIR VII report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study found the highest effective doses in neonates and the lowest effective doses were observed in the 10-18 years age group. We estimated a 0.007% potential increase risk in neonates and 0.001% potential increased risk in teenagers over the base risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple head CTs in children equates to a slight potential increase risk in lifetime attributable risk over the baseline risk for cancer, slightly higher in neonates relative to teenagers. The potential risks versus clinical benefit must be assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: Jaw@luriechildrens.org.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aw-Zoretic
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katzman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sammet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
keywords: Computed tomography; Effective dose; IRCP 103; Ventriculoperitoneal shunted paediatric patients