title: Extent of cortical generators visible on the scalp: effect of a subdural grid.
abstract: The effect of the non-conducting substrate of a subdural grid on the scalp electric potential distribution is studied through simulations. Using a detailed head model and the finite element method we show that the governing physics equations predict an important attenuation in the scalp potential for generators located under the grid, and an amplification for generators located under holes in the skull filled with conductive media. These effects are spatially localized and do not cancel each other. A 4 × 8 cm grid can produce attenuations of 2 to 3 times, and an 8 × 8 cm grid attenuation of up to 8 times. As a consequence, when there is no subdural grid, generators of 4 to 8 cm(2) produce scalp potentials of the same maximum amplitude as generators of 10 to 20 cm(2) under the center of a subdural grid. This means that the minimum cortical extents necessary to produce visible scalp activity determined from simultaneous scalp and subdural recordings can be overestimations.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; LEICI, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Calle 1 y 47, La Plata, Buenos Aires B1900TAG, Argentina. Electronic address: nellen@ieee.org.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: von Ellenrieder
authors.affiliation: CISTIB, The University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Bldg, Mappin Street, S1 3JD Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beltrachini
authors.affiliation: LEICI, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Calle 1 y 47, La Plata, Buenos Aires B1900TAG, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Muravchik
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gotman
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D012535:Scalp / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012886:Skull / Q000502:physiology; D013355:Subdural Space
keywords: Electrocorticography; Finite element method; Scalp EEG; Subdural grid