title: Biocomputing based on particle disassembly.
abstract: Nanoparticles with biocomputing capabilities could potentially be used to create sophisticated robotic devices with a variety of biomedical applications, including intelligent sensors and theranostic agents. DNA/RNA-based computing techniques have already been developed that can offer a complete set of Boolean logic functions and have been used, for example, to analyse cells and deliver molecular payloads. However, the computing potential of particle-based systems remains relatively unexplored. Here, we show that almost any type of nanoparticle or microparticle can be transformed into autonomous biocomputing structures that are capable of implementing a functionally complete set of Boolean logic gates (YES, NOT, AND and OR) and binding to a target as result of a computation. The logic-gating functionality is incorporated into self-assembled particle/biomolecule interfaces (demonstrated here with proteins) and the logic gating is achieved through input-induced disassembly of the structures. To illustrate the capabilities of the approach, we show that the structures can be used for logic-gated cell targeting and advanced immunoassays.
authors.affiliation: 1] Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Natural Science Centre, 38 Vavilov St, Moscow 119991, Russia [2] Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117997, Russia [3] Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.
authors.forename: Maxim P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117997, Russia.
authors.forename: Victoria O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Shipunova
authors.affiliation: 1] Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117997, Russia [2] Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Av., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Deyev
authors.affiliation: Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Natural Science Centre, 38 Vavilov St, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Petr I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Nikitin
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D039301:Computers, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008024:Ligands; D008128:Logic; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D036103:Nanotechnology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands