title: Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation underneath broad ligament tunnel for female vesicoureteral stenosis: a technical innovation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to anatomically reconstruct ureteral stenosis, we present a novel technique for laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three young females, who were diagnosed with hydroureteronephrosis caused by congenital vesicoureteral junction obstruction, were treated by laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with a tunnel underneath the broad ligament.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgery was performed successfully without conversion to open surgery. No major intra- or postoperative complications occurred. Postoperative follow-up was 38, 33 and 26 months, respectively. The operative time was between 220 and 260 min. The mean estimated blood loss was less than 20 ml. Subsequent imaging performed 3 months after surgery revealed relief of hydroureteronephrosis for all patients. The patients all gave birth to healthy neonates and showed normal urinary tract sonogram and urine analysis during the gestation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with broad ligament tunnel is safe and effective, allowing for anatomical reconstruction of ureter defects. However, a larger clinical sample and longer follow-up period will be needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuangliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shuxiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haihang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rongchao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ruixiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yinghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D050498:Live Birth; D061646:Operative Time; D011247:Pregnancy; D012092:Replantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult