title: Socially optimal drainage system and agricultural biodiversity: a case study for Finnish landscape.
abstract: This paper examines the socially optimal drainage choice (surface/subsurface) for agricultural crop cultivation in a landscape with different land qualities (fertilities) when private profits and nutrient runoff damages are taken into account. We also study the measurable social costs to increase biodiversity by surface drainage when the locations of the surface-drained areas in a landscape affect the provided biodiversity. We develop a general theoretical model and apply it to empirical data from Finnish agriculture. We find that for low land qualities the measurable social returns are higher to surface drainage than to subsurface drainage, and that the profitability of subsurface drainage increases along with land quality. The measurable social costs to increase biodiversity by surface drainage under low land qualities are negative. For higher land qualities, these costs depend on the land quality and on the biodiversity impacts. Biodiversity conservation plans for agricultural landscapes should focus on supporting surface drainage systems in areas where the measurable social costs to increase biodiversity are negative or lowest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 9), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: liisa.saikkonen@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saikkonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 5), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herzon
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 9), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ollikainen
authors.affiliation: OECD, Directorate for Trade and Agriculture, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lankoski
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014881:Water Supply
keywords: Agricultural drainage; Agricultural landscape; Biodiversity conservation; Nutrient runoff