title: Trends in protein-based biosensor assemblies for drug screening and pharmaceutical kinetic studies.
abstract: The selection of natural and chemical compounds for potential applications in new pharmaceutical formulations constitutes a time-consuming procedure in drug screening. To overcome this issue, new devices called biosensors, have already demonstrated their versatility and capacity for routine clinical diagnosis. Designed to perform analytical analysis for the detection of a particular analyte, biosensors based on the coupling of proteins to amperometric and optical devices have shown the appropriate selectivity, sensibility and accuracy. During the last years, the exponential demand for pharmacokinetic studies in the early phases of drug development, along with the need of lower molecular weight detection, have led to new biosensor structure materials with innovative immobilization strategies. The result has been the development of smaller, more reproducible biosensors with lower detection limits, and with a drastic reduction in the required sample volumes. Therefore in order to describe the main achievements in biosensor fields, the present review has the main aim of summarizing the essential strategies used to generate these specific devices, that can provide, under physiological conditions, a credible molecule profile and assess specific pharmacokinetic parameters.
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. ggmargarida@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. apedro@fcsaude.ubi.pt.
authors.forename: Augusto Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. ftxsantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fátima M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. lmcmartins1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Luís M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. cmaia@fcsaude.ubi.pt.
authors.forename: Cláudio J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. jqueiroz@ubi.pt.
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal. lpassarinha@fcsaude.ubi.pt.
authors.forename: Luís A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Passarinha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D055767:Immobilized Proteins