title: Electrocardiograms changes in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders on low dose amitriptyline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of low dose amitriptyline on cardiac conduction in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data obtained from a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial, evaluating low dose amitriptyline in children with a diagnosis of functional abdominal pain, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome according to the Rome II criteria. Children 8-17 years of age were recruited from the pediatric gastroenterology clinics of 6 tertiary care centers in the United States. The electrocardiograms (EKGs) done prior to initiation of amitrityline and 1 mo after initiation of amitriptyline were examined. The changes in cardiac conduction were evaluated in patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty children were included in the study. There were 12 patients, ages 9-17 years of both genders, in the amitriptyline treatment group and 18 patients, ages 9-17 years of both genders, in the placebo treatment group. None of the patients had any baseline EKG abnormality. Amitriptyline use was associated with an increase in heart rate (P = 0.024) and QTc interval (P = 0.0107) as compared to pre-EKGs. Children in the placebo group were also noted to present a statistically significant increase in QTc interval (P = 0.0498). None of the patients developed borderline QTc prolongation or long-QT syndrome after they were started on amitriptyline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings suggest that once patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders have been screened for prolonged QTc interval on baseline EKG, they probably do not need a second EKG for reevaluation of cardiac conduction after starting low dose amitriptyline.
authors.affiliation: Ashish Chogle, Miguel Saps, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chogle
authors.affiliation: Ashish Chogle, Miguel Saps, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saps
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline
keywords: Abdominal pain related-functional gastrointestinal disorders; Amitriptyline; Children; Electrocardiogram