title: Anti-inflammatory activity of betalain-rich dye of Beta vulgaris: effect on edema, leukocyte recruitment, superoxide anion and cytokine production.
abstract: We have recently developed betalain-rich beetroot (Beta vulgaris) dye (betalain) to be used in food products. Betalain (30-300 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment diminished carrageenan (100 µg/paw)-induced paw edema and neutrophil migration to the paw skin tissue. Betalain (100 mg/kg) treatment by subcutaneous or per oral routes also inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema. Importantly, the post-treatment with betalain (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant (10 µl/paw)-induced paw edema. Betalain (100 mg/kg) also reduced carrageenan (500 µg/cavity)-induced recruitment of total leukocytes, including mononuclear cells and neutrophils, as well as increasing vascular permeability in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, betalain significantly reduced carrageenan-induced superoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as augmenting IL-10 levels. Therefore, this compound presents prominent anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis by reducing the production of superoxide anion and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, in addition to increasing IL-10 levels. These results suggest that betalain shows therapeutic potential that could be utilized in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Daniela T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Longhi-Balbinot
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zarpelon
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Staurengo-Ferrari
authors.forename: Marcela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Georgetti
authors.forename: Rogério C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sassonia
authors.forename: Waldiceu A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Verri
authors.forename: Rubia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casagrande
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027461:Beta vulgaris; D050858:Betalains / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D013481:Superoxides; D050858:Betalains