title: Measurement-to-measurement blood pressure variability is related to cognitive performance: the Maine Syracuse study.
abstract: The objective was to investigate the association between variability in blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function for sitting, standing, and reclining BP values and variability derived from all 15 measures. In previous studies, only sitting BP values have been examined, and only a few cognitive measures have been used. A secondary objective was to examine associations between BP variability and cognitive performance in hypertensive individuals stratified by treatment success. Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 972 participants of the Maine Syracuse Study for whom 15 serial BP clinic measures (5 sitting, 5 recumbent, and 5 standing) were obtained before testing of cognitive performance. Using all 15 measures, higher variability in systolic and diastolic BP was associated with poorer performance on multiple measures of cognitive performance, independent of demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and pulse pressure. When sitting, reclining, and standing systolic BP values were compared, only variability in standing BP was related to measures of cognitive performance. However, for diastolic BP, variability in all 3 positions was related to cognitive performance. Mean BP values were weaker predictors of cognition. Furthermore, higher overall variability in both systolic and diastolic BP was associated with poorer cognitive performance in unsuccessfully treated hypertensive individuals (with BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), but these associations were not evident in those with controlled hypertension.
authors.affiliation: From the Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (G.E.C.); Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Strassen, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (G.E.C.); Department of Psychology (M.F.E., R.V.T., M.A.R.) and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (M.F.E., M.A.R.), University of Maine, Orono; and Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (G.A.D.). georgina.crichton@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Georgina E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Crichton
authors.affiliation: From the Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (G.E.C.); Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Strassen, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (G.E.C.); Department of Psychology (M.F.E., R.V.T., M.A.R.) and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (M.F.E., M.A.R.), University of Maine, Orono; and Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (G.A.D.).
authors.forename: Merrill F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: From the Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (G.E.C.); Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Strassen, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (G.E.C.); Department of Psychology (M.F.E., R.V.T., M.A.R.) and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (M.F.E., M.A.R.), University of Maine, Orono; and Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (G.A.D.).
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dore
authors.affiliation: From the Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (G.E.C.); Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Strassen, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (G.E.C.); Department of Psychology (M.F.E., R.V.T., M.A.R.) and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (M.F.E., M.A.R.), University of Maine, Orono; and Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (G.A.D.).
authors.forename: Rachael V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: From the Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (G.E.C.); Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Strassen, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (G.E.C.); Department of Psychology (M.F.E., R.V.T., M.A.R.) and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (M.F.E., M.A.R.), University of Maine, Orono; and Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (G.A.D.).
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008281:Maine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: blood pressure; cognition; hypertension