title: Environmental accounting for Arctic shipping - a framework building on ship tracking data from satellites.
abstract: Arctic shipping is on the rise, leading to increased concern over the potential environmental impacts. To better understand the magnitude of influence to the Arctic environment, detailed modelling of emissions and environmental risks are essential. This paper describes a framework for environmental accounting. A cornerstone in the framework is the use of Automatic Identification System (AIS) ship tracking data from satellites. When merged with ship registers and other data sources, it enables unprecedented accuracy in modelling and geographical allocation of emissions and discharges. This paper presents results using two of the models in the framework; emissions of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic, which is of particular concern for climate change, and; bunker fuels and wet bulk carriage in the Arctic, of particular concern for oil spill to the environment. Using the framework, a detailed footprint from Arctic shipping with regards to operational emissions and potential discharges is established.
authors.affiliation: DNV GL, Veritasveien 1, Høvik, Norway. Electronic address: alvar.mjelde@dnvgl.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mjelde
authors.affiliation: DNV GL, Veritasveien 1, Høvik, Norway.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martinsen
authors.affiliation: DNV GL, Veritasveien 1, Høvik, Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eide
authors.affiliation: DNV GL, Veritasveien 1, Høvik, Norway.
authors.forename: Ø
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Endresen
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D057231:Climate Change; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012767:Ships; D053260:Soot; D018531:Spacecraft
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D053260:Soot
keywords: AIS (Automatic Identification System); Arctic shipping; Black carbon emissions; Environmental accounting; Heavy fuel oil