title: Is dependent personality disorder associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Central Africa? A result from the EPIDEMCA programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, no studies have examined the relationship between cognitive disorders and personality disorders. Our aim was to investigate the association between dependent personality disorder (DPD) and cognitive disorders in Central Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2011 and 2012, a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study was carried out in rural and urban areas of the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). Participants aged ≥65 years were interviewed using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D). Elderly people who performed poorly (CSI-D cognitive tests score or COGSCORE ≤ 24.5/30) were clinically assessed by neurologists and underwent further psychometric testing. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition and Petersen criteria were required for the diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) respectively. DPD was assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. Socio-demographic, vascular, and psychological factors were also documented. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2,002 participants screened, 860 and 912 had data for cognitive status and DPD in CAR and ROC respectively. In fully adjusted models, DPD was significantly associated with MCI in ROC (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0-4.7) and CAR (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.0) and with dementia only in ROC (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.0-11.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DPD was associated with cognitive disorders among elderly people in Central Africa. This association should be confirmed in other contexts. This study paves the way for research on the association between personality and cognitive impairment in Africa.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.|Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Limoges, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilleron
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.|Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Limoges, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France.|Hospital and University Federation of Adult and Geriatric Psychiatry, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brazzaville University Hospital, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Bébène
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ndamba-Bandzouzi
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.|Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Limoges, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France.|Department of Neurology, Amitié Hospital, Bangui, Central African Republic.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mbelesso
authors.affiliation: INSERM U897, Bordeaux of University, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dartigues
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.|Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Limoges, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France.|Hospital and University Federation of Adult and Geriatric Psychiatry, Limoges, France.|Department of Medical Information and Evaluation, Clinical Research and Biostatistic Unit, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Preux
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.|Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Limoges, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France.|King's College London, Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, London, UK.
authors.forename: Maëlenn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerchet
keywords: Central Africa; Dependent personality disorder; dementia; mild cognitive impairment