title: Differentiation between seizure and hysteria in a tenth-century persian text: Hidāyat of al-Akhawayni (d. 983 AD).
abstract: Although hysteria is associated largely with the nineteenth century, we find the subject treated in a tenth-century Persian medical text, the Hidayat al-Muta`allemin Fi al-Tibb [A Guide to Medical Learners] by al-Akhawayni Bukhari (d. 983 AD), a prominent physician in the Persian history of medicine. In this article, we discuss al-Akhawayni's views on seizure and hysteria and his differentiation between the two conditions, and we place it in a historical context.
authors.affiliation: a Student Research Committee , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yarmohammadi
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dalfardi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanizadeh
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseinialhashemi
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007046:Hysteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000266:history*; D019071:Persia; D012640:Seizures / Q000145:classification* / Q000266:history*
keywords: Al-Akhawayni; Persian medicine; conversion; hysteria; seizure; somatoform disorder