title: Noncontact imaging of burn depth and extent in a porcine model using spatial frequency domain imaging.
abstract: The standard of care for clinical assessment of burn severity and extent lacks a quantitative measurement. In this work, spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) was used to measure 48 thermal burns of graded severity (superficial partial, deep partial, and full thickness) in a porcine model. Functional (total hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation) and structural parameters (tissue scattering) derived from the SFDI measurements were monitored over 72 h for each burn type and compared to gold standard histological measurements of burn depth. Tissue oxygen saturation (stO₂) and total hemoglobin (ctHbT) differentiated superficial partial thickness burns from more severe burn types after 2 and 72 h, respectively (p < 0.01), but were unable to differentiate deep partial from full thickness wounds in the first 72 h. Tissue scattering parameters separated superficial burns from all burn types immediately after injury (p < 0.01), and separated all three burn types from each other after 24 h (p < 0.01). Tissue scattering parameters also showed a strong negative correlation to histological burn depth as measured by vimentin immunostain (r² > 0.89). These results show promise for the use of SFDI-derived tissue scattering as a correlation to burn depth and the potential to assess burn depth via a combination of SFDI functional and structural parameters.
authors.affiliation: Modulated Imaging Inc., Beckman Laser Institute Photonic Incubator, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Amaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazhar
authors.affiliation: Modulated Imaging Inc., Beckman Laser Institute Photonic Incubator, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saggese
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.
authors.forename: Alonda C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pollins
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cardwell
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nanney
authors.affiliation: Modulated Imaging Inc., Beckman Laser Institute Photonic Incubator, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92617, United States.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cuccia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen