title: More than 25 years of experience in managing pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) is challenging and depends on the individual patient's morphologic characteristics. We evaluated outcomes of 25 years of experience in morphologically driven management of PAIVS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1985 and December 2011, 60 patients were treated for PAIVS. Patients were retrospectively categorized into mild (n=27), moderate (n=18), and severe (n=15) right ventricular (RV) hypoplasia subgroups based on morphologic characteristics at first presentation. Tricuspid valve (TV) annulus z score increases were analyzed in patients who underwent biventricular repair and in patients who underwent 1.5-ventricular repair. Median follow-up time was 9.8 years (range, 0-25 years). One patient was lost to follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine (98.3%) patients underwent operation. There were 7 early postprocedure deaths and 1 late death. Estimated overall survival was 86.5% at 10 years after initial admission for the total group, and 96.3%, 77.8%, and 79.4% for the subgroups, respectively. In the respective subgroups, biventricular repair was achieved in 24 (88.9%), 3 (16.7%), and 0 patients. In the patients who underwent biventricular repair, there was a significant increase of the TV annulus z score. At latest follow-up, mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was 1.3 for the total group and 1.1, 1.2, and 1.5 for the patients who underwent biventricular, 1.5-ventricular, and univentricular repair, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our individualized management approach to PAIVS showed good early and long-term results. Early decision on the management goal, determined by individual morphologic characteristics at presentation, is of paramount importance. In specific patients, however, taking into account RV development at a later point in time may improve outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adriaan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nico A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Bruggemans
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.g.hazekamp@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hazekamp
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome