title: Thermophiles as potential source of novel endotoxin antagonists: the full structure and bioactivity of the lipo-oligosaccharide from Thermomonas hydrothermalis.
abstract: Thermomonas hydrothermalis is a Gram-negative thermophilic bacterium that is able to live at 50 °C. This ability is attributed to chemical modifications, involving those to bacterial cell-wall components, such as proteins and (glyco)lipids. As the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are exposed to the environment, thus they can undergo structural chemical changes to allow thermophilic bacteria to live at their optimal growth temperature. Furthermore, as one of the major target of the eukaryotic innate immune system, LPS elicits host immune response in a structure-dependent mode; thus the uncommon chemical features of thermophilic bacterial LPSs might exert a different biological action on the innate immune system-an antagonistic effect, as shown in studies of LPS structure-activity relationship in the ongoing research into antagonist LPS candidates. Here, we report the complete structural and biological activity analysis of the lipo-oligosaccharide isolated from Thermomonas hydrothermalis, achieved by a multidisciplinary approach (chemical analysis, NMR, MALDI MS and cellular immunology). We demonstrate a tricky and interesting structure combined with a very interesting effect on human innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli (Italy).
authors.forename: Flaviana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paciello
authors.forename: Luigi Lembo
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sturiale
authors.forename: Milton S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lanzetta
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parrilli
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garozzo
authors.forename: Maria Lina
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: Dott Alba
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Silipo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molinaro
mesh_terms: D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008050:Lipid A / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D006001:Glycoconjugates; D008050:Lipid A; D008055:Lipids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009844:Oligosaccharides
keywords: Thermomonas; extremophiles; glycolipids; lipopolysaccharides; structure elucidation; thermophiles