title: Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a common pathological and physiological phenomenon. Tetramethylpyrazine is the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Chuanxiong, which can exert protective effects on MIRI in multiple ways. This paper reviewed the current research progress and evidence about the cardiovascular effects of tetramethylpyrazine, which included protecting mitochondria and improving energy metabolism, scavenging oxygen free radicals (OFRs) to inhibit lipid peroxidation, attenuating calcium (Ca(2+)) overload and maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis in cells, inhibiting apoptosis and protecting myocardial cells, interfering with the inflammatory reaction and mitigating cell injury, interfering with cell signaling pathways, and improving function of endothelial cells and protecting myocardial cells. However, further rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wujin District, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213161, China.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Xingjiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors.forename: Zhuyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wujin District, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213161, China.
authors.forename: Haiting
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wujin District, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213161, China.
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang