title: A user study of auditory, head-up and multi-modal displays in vehicles.
abstract: This paper describes a user study on the interaction with an in-vehicle information system (IVIS). The motivation for conducting this research was to investigate the subjectively and objectively measured impact of using a single- or multi-modal IVIS while driving. A hierarchical, list-based menu was presented using a windshield projection (head-up display), auditory display and a combination of both interfaces. The users were asked to navigate a vehicle in a driving simulator and simultaneously perform a set of tasks of varying complexity. The experiment showed that the interaction with visual and audio-visual head-up displays is faster and more efficient than with the audio-only display. All the interfaces had a similar impact on the overall driving performance. There was no significant difference between the visual only and audio-visual displays in terms of their efficiency and safety; however, the majority of test subjects clearly preferred to use the multi-modal interface while driving.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Electronic address: grega.jakus@fe.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Grega
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jakus
authors.affiliation: Quality and Usability Lab, Telekom Innovation Laboratories, TU Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: christina.dicke@tu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dicke
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Electronic address: jaka.sodnik@fe.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Jaka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sodnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003463:Cues; D003626:Data Display; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: Auditory display; Head-up display; Vehicle