title: Safety and protective effectiveness of two strains of Lactobacillus with probiotic features in an experimental model of salmonellosis.
abstract: Two strains of Lactobacillus, previously isolated from bovine faeces and tested in vitro for properties desired in probiotics, were evaluated for their in vivo effectiveness in protecting against experimental salmonellosis. L. salivarius L38 and L. acidophilus L36 previously demonstrated the ability to successfully colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice and stimulate the immune system associated with the intestinal mucosa. L38- or L36-feeding showed no detrimental effect on the general health indicators and did not induce changes in normal architecture of liver and small intestine, indicating that the use of these strains is apparently safe. In control animals fed L38 strain, several cytokines had augmented mRNA levels that can be associated with a homeostatic state of intestinal mucosa, while L36 had less diverse regulation. IgA production and secretion in the intestinal lumen induced by infection was abrogated by pretreating with both lactobacilli. In addition, liver and small intestine histological scores and, translocation of Salmonella cells to liver and spleen, indicated that these strains did not confer protection against the infection. So, the IL-12:IL-18àIFN-g axis, essential for an effective immune response against Salmonella, was not favored with L38 or L36 strains. However, increased expression of IL-10 in different portions of the gastrointestinal tract of L38-fed animals is indicative of anti-inflammatory effect to be explored furthermore.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. raphael.steinberg.ds@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raphael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. lilian_cristina@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Lilian C S
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. tassiacosta@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Tássia C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. maurili15@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Maurício T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. nayaralane@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nayara L G
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. lqvieira@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Leda Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. rosa@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Rosa M E
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arantes
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. miyoshi@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. jnicoli@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Jacques R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. cantini@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alvaro C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012475:Salmonella / Q000502:physiology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines