title: Repeated batch fermentation biotechnology for the biosynthesis of lipid and gamma-linolenic acid by Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1.
abstract: The biosynthesis of biomedical products including lipid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) by Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 was studied in repeated batch fermentation. Three key process variables, namely, glucose concentration, ammonium tartrate concentration, and harvesting time, were optimized using response surface methodology. Repeated batch fermentation was carried out by the cultivation of Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 in nitrogen-limited medium with various nitrogen concentration (1-4 g/L) and glucose concentration (20-40 g/L) at three time intervals (12 h, 24 h, and 48 h). Experimental results showed that the highest lipid concentration of 6.2 g/L and the highest GLA concentration of 0.4 g/L were obtained in optimum conditions, where 20.2 g/L glucose, 2.12 g/L ammonium tartrate, and 48 h harvesting time were utilized. Statistical results showed that the interaction between glucose and ammonium tartrate concentration had highly significant effects on lipid and GLA biosynthesis (P < 0.01). Moreover, harvesting time had a significant interaction effect with glucose and ammonium tartrate concentration on lipid production (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia ; Enteric Diseases Research Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganjali Dashti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abdeshahian
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Mohtar
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wan Yusoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Sahaid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kalil
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aidil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul Hamid
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media; D020093:Cunninghamella / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013644:Tartrates / Q000378:metabolism; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008055:Lipids; D013644:Tartrates; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D009584:Nitrogen; C029768:tartaric acid