title: In vitro release properties of encapsulated blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) extracts.
abstract: We aimed to determine the effect of encapsulation on the release properties of blueberry extracts during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. An ethanolic pomace extract was microencapsulated with whey protein isolate via spray drying. The in vitro release of monomeric anthocyanins, phenolics and ferric reducing antioxidant activity of the microcapsules (W) were evaluated for the microcapsules and two non-encapsulated systems: ethanolic pomace extract (P) and freeze-dried juice (F). Concentrations of anthocyanin and phenolics were normalised prior to digestion. Results showed that antioxidant activity was in the order of: F>W>P. Regardless of encapsulation, more phenolics were released from W and P than F. Anthocyanin concentration decreased after intestinal digestion for W, but remained constant for P and F. MALDI-MS showed similar spectra for P and F but not for W. The spray-dried product has comparable release characteristics to freeze-dried juice, and may be investigated for food applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602-2610, USA; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Floirendo P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602-2610, USA.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602-2610, USA.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Proteomic and Mass Spectrometry (PAMS) Core Facility, Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602-2610, USA. Electronic address: fkong@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Fanbin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003890:Desiccation; D004063:Digestion; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anthocyanins; Antioxidant activities; Blueberries; Encapsulation; Phenolics