title: TiO₂/SiO₂ core-shell composite-based sample preparation method for selective extraction of phospholipids from shrimp waste followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analysis.
abstract: A solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, using titania-coated silica (TiO2/SiO2) core-shell composites as the sorbent, combined with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for extraction, visualization, and quantification of phospholipids in shrimp waste (Litopenaeus vannamei). The SPE protocol was optimized, and the best conditions were pH 5 of the loading solvent, 10% aqueous methanol as the washing solvent, and 1.0 mL of chloroform/methanol (1:2, v/v) as eluting solvents. Afterward, the eluate was separated on a diol hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column. A total of 69 phospholipid species were identified and determined. The results indicated that, in comparison to previously published methods, this strategy was cost-effective and efficient in extraction, characterization, and determination of phospholipids. Meanwhile, phospholipids were abundant in shrimp waste, most of which contained unsaturated fatty acyl chains, such as 18:3 [α-linolenic acid (ALA)], 20:5 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], and 22:6 [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. The successful application of this strategy paves the way for full use of traditionally discarded shrimp wastes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hon-Yeung
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D019649:Food Industry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010743:Phospholipids; C507641:TiO2-SiO2; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: TiO2/SiO2 composites; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; phospholipids; quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry; shrimp waste; solid-phase extraction