title: Does whole-spine lateral radiograph with clavicle positioning reflect the correct cervical sagittal alignment?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the differences of cervical alignment between standing cervical lateral radiograph and whole-spine lateral radiograph with clavicle position.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 101 asymptomatic adults from whom standing cervical lateral radiograph with hands on both side followed by whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle position were obtained from April 2012 to December 2013. On two radiographs, cervical sagittal alignment from C2 to C7 was analyzed by Gore angle (GA) and Cobb angle (CA); head position was evaluated using the translation distance (TD, distance of the anterior tubercle of C1 compared with the vertical line through the posterior-inferior body of C7) and McGregor angle (MA, angle between the McGregor and horizontal lines). T1-slope was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical alignment on the cervical radiograph (GA -13.59° [-15.58 to -11.60], CA -9.76° [-11.65 to -7.86]) was significantly more lordotic than that on whole-spine radiographs (GA -6.28° [-8.65 to -3.91] and -4.14° [-6.40 to -1.89]). TD and MA on cervical radiographs (TD 34.98 mm [33.22-36.75]; MA 7.20° [6.35-8.35]) were meaningfully higher than those on whole-spine radiographs (TD 31.31 mm [29.47-33.16]; MA 6.32° [5.25-7.39]), but the MA values were not significant (p = 0.064). T1-slope was significantly lower in whole-spine radiographs (20.11° [18.88-21.35]) than in cervical radiographs (24.37° [23.14-25.6]). Values are expressed as mean (95 % confidence interval).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clavicle position during whole-spine radiograph caused a substantial decrease in the T1-slope; head position posteriorly translated followed by the cervical sagittal alignment became more hypo-lordotic, with slight downward gazing in comparison with the cervical radiograph.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-ro 102, Dongjak-ku, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang-Sup
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daniel Riew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008141:Lordosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*