title: Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of extracts prepared from fruit and vegetable wastes and by-products.
abstract: In this study, fruit and vegetable wastes and by-products were tested for polyphenol content and their antioxidant activity. The highest content of polyphenols as assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay was the hot-water extract of grape seed, followed by the ethanol extract of buckwheat hull. The highest antioxidant activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays was also detected in the hot-water extract of grape seed, followed by the ethanol extract of immature prune. Most of samples showed protective effects against oxidative stress induced by 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) peroxyl radical generator in African monkey kidney (MA 104) cells. Samples containing high amounts of phenolics (more than 30 mg ChAE/g) generally showed high antioxidant activity and a protective effect against AAPH-induced oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that fruit and vegetable wastes and by-products are good sources of high amounts of phenolics with antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
authors.forename: Wei Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Tow
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamauzu
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan. Electronic address: snakamu@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Antioxidant activity; By-products; Free radical scavenging activity; Polyphenols; Wastes