title: Variation of glucosinolates and quinone reductase activity among different varieties of Chinese kale and improvement of glucoraphanin by metabolic engineering.
abstract: The variation of glucosinolates and quinone reductase (QR) activity in fourteen varieties of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) was investigated in the present study. Results showed that gluconapin (GNA), instead of glucoraphanin (GRA), was the most predominant glucosinolate in all varieties, and QR activity was remarkably positively correlated with the glucoraphanin level. AOP2, a tandem 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, catalyzes the conversion of glucoraphanin to gluconapin in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Here, antisense AOP2 was transformed into Gailan-04, the variety with the highest gluconapin content and ratio of GNA/GRA. The glucoraphanin content and corresponding QR activity were notably increased in transgenic plants, while no significant difference at the level of other main nutritional compounds (total phenolics, vitamin C, carotenoids and chlorophyll) was observed between the transgenic lines and the wide-type plants. Taken together, metabolic engineering is a good practice for improvement of glucoraphanin in Chinese kale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Congxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Chaojiong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: qmwang@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiaomei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007096:Imidoesters / Q000032:analysis*; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D010091:Oximes; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D005961:Glucosinolates; D007096:Imidoesters; D010091:Oximes; D010636:Phenols; D013454:Sulfoxides; D011808:Quinone Reductases; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C119494:glucoraphanin
keywords: AOP2; Chinese kale; Glucoraphanin; Glucosinolates; Metabolic engineering; Quinone reductase activity