title: Perceptions of genetic testing for personalized nutrition: a randomized trial of DNA-based dietary advice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests have facilitated easy access to personal genetic information related to health and nutrition; however, consumer perceptions of the nutritional information provided by these tests have not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to assess individual perceptions of personalized nutrition and genetic testing and to determine whether a personalized nutrition intervention modifies perceptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted among healthy men and women aged 20-35 years (n = 138). Participants in the intervention group (n = 92) were given a report of DNA-based dietary advice and those in the control group (n = 46) were given a general dietary advice report. A survey was completed at baseline and 3 and 12 months after distributing the reports to assess perceptions between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in perceptions of personalized nutrition and genetic testing were observed between the intervention and control group, so responses of both groups were combined. As compared to baseline, participant responses increased significantly toward the positive end of a Likert scale at 3 months for the statement 'I am interested in the relationship between diet and genetics' (mean change ± SD: 0.28 ± 0.99, p = 0.0002). The majority of participants indicated that a university research lab (47%) or health care professional (41%) were the best sources for obtaining accurate personal genetic information, while a DTC genetic testing company received the fewest selections (12%). Most participants (56%) considered dietitians to be the best source of personalized nutrition followed by medical doctors (27%), naturopaths (8%) and nurses (6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that perceptions of personalized nutrition changed over the course of the intervention. Individuals view a research lab or health care professional as better providers of genetic information than a DTC genetic testing company, and registered dietitians are considered to be the best providers of personalized nutrition advice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Daiva E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Sohemy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D057285:Precision Medicine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004247:DNA