title: Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel after application of a caries infiltrant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on differently mineralized enamel surfaces after applying a caries infiltrant or conventional adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 320 bovine incisors were assigned to eight pretreated groups, and the shear force required for debonding was recorded. Residual adhesive was evaluated by light microscopy using the adhesive remnant index. Statistical analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Scheffé tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest bond strength (18.8 ± 4.4 MPa) was obtained after use of the caries infiltrant. More residual adhesive and fewer enamel defects were observed on infiltrated enamel surfaces. Brackets on demineralized enamel produced multiple enamel defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acceptable bond strengths were obtained with all material combinations. A caries-infiltrant applied before bracket fixation has a protective effect, especially on demineralized enamel.
authors.affiliation: a  Postdoctoral student, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mews
authors.affiliation: b  Professor and Chair, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: c  Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciesielski
authors.affiliation: d  Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischer-Brandies
authors.affiliation: e  Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koos
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013232:Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C516047:Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer; C578177:icon infiltrant; D013232:Steel; C030242:phosphoric acid
keywords: Brackets; Caries infiltrant; Demineralization; Shear bond strength