title: Clinical significance of early detection of esophageal cancer in patients with head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of surveillance for esopha-geal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains contro-versial. Our study aimed to provide clinical data concerning the necessity of surveillance for detecting early ESCN in pa-tients with HNSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the data from 714 patients who were pathologically confirmed as having HNSCC (n=236 oral cavity cancers, 137 oropha-ryngeal cancers, 87 hypopharyngeal cancers, and 254 la-ryngeal cancers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 714 patients, during a median follow-up of 31 months, 48 ESCNs (37 synchronous and 11 metachronous) were detected in 36 patients (5%). Fifteen synchronous lesions (40.3%) were early ESCN, whereas nine metachronous lesions (81.8%) were early ESCN. The 3-year survival rates of HNSCC only and HNSCC combined with ESCN were 71.2% and 48.2%, respectively (p<0.001). Among 36 patients with ESCN, the 3-year survival rates for early and advanced ESCN were 77.7% and 21.7%, respec-tively (p=0.01). In the multivariate analysis, alcohol consump-tion and hypopharyngeal cancer were significant factors associated with the development of ESCN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HN-SCC patients with early ESCN were similar in prognosis with patients without ESCN, in contrast to patients with advanced ESCN. Therefore, surveillance for the early detection of ESCN in patients with HNSCC, especially in alcohol drinkers and those with hypopharyngeal cancer, is warranted. (Gut Liver, 2015;9159-166).
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwoon Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Kyong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwi Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Don
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho June
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gin Hyug
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, and Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Early detection of cancer; Esophageal neoplasms; Head and neck neo-plasms; Prognosis