title: Fibrinogen alpha chain precursor and apolipoprotein A-I in urine as biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: a proteomics study.
abstract: Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is the most common urological disease, but noninvasive and convenient methods of diagnosis are rarely available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to identify potential urine biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples from 72 patients with CaOx nephrolithiasis and 30 healthy controls were collected and proteomics analysis was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen proteins/peptides displayed statistically significant differences. The peptides of m/z 1207.23 and 2773.86 were selected by the genetic algorithm (GA) to build a possible diagnostic model. The area under the curve of m/z 1207.23 and 2773.86 was 0.936 and 0.987, respectively. The diagnostic model in distinguishing patients and healthy subjects showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The peak at m/z 2773.86 was identified as fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) with the sequence G.EGDFLAEGGGVR.G, and the peak at m/z 2773.86 was identified as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with the sequence L.PVLESFKVSFLSALEEYTKKLNTQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results strongly suggested that urinary FGA and apoA-I are highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Chun
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers; D005340:Fibrinogen