title: Electromagnetic fields and EEG spiking rate in patients with focal epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the increase in mobile telephone technology use and possible effects on brain excitability, no studies have investigated the impact of GSM like (Global System for Mobile Communications) signal on the ongoing spiking activity in human epileptic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain electrical (electroencephalogram, EEG) activity of 12 patients with focal epilepsy has been recorded under both Real and Sham exposure following a double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced design: before the exposure (pre-exposure/baseline session), during the Real or Sham 45 min exposure (during-exposure session), and after the exposure (post-exposure session). As dependent variables both spiking activity (spikes count) and EEG quantitative indices (spectral power and coherence data) have been considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spiking activity tended to be lower under Real than under Sham exposure. EEG spectral content analysis indicated a significant increase of Gamma band under Real exposure, mainly evident in Parieto-occipital and Temporal areas. Connectivity data indicated increased interhemispheric (left temporal to right frontal Regions of Interest, ROIs) instantaneous coherence, in the Beta frequency band during-exposure with respect to baseline session. No significant modification of lagged coherence was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute GSM exposure in epileptic patients slightly influences their EEG properties, without reaching any clinical relevance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No signs were found of an increased risk of incoming seizures for these patients as a consequence of using mobile phones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale S. Tommasi 1, 67010 L'Aquila, Italy; IRCSS "S. Raffaele", Via della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopedics, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopedics, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Marca
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopedics, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Catello
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vollono
authors.affiliation: IRCSS "S. Raffaele", Via della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopedics, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: paolomaria.rossini@afar.it.
authors.forename: Paolo Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D040421:Cell Phone; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EEG; Epilepsy; Health effects; Mobile phones; Radiofrequency