title: The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) in ovarian granulosa cell tumors.
abstract: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to arise from cells of the ovarian follicle and comprise a rare entity of ovarian masses. We recently identified the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) to be present in granulosa cells, to be regulated by gonadotropins in epithelial ovarian cancer and to be differentially expressed throughout folliculogenesis. Thus, supposing a possible role of GPER in GCTs, this study aimed to analyze GPER in GCTs. GPER immunoreactivity in GCTs (n = 26; n (primary diagnosis) = 15, n (recurrence) = 11) was studied and correlated with the main clinicopathological variables. Positive GPER staining was identified in 53.8% (14/26) of GCTs and there was no significant relation of GPER with tumor size or lymph node status. Those cases presenting with strong GPER intensity at primary diagnosis showed a significant reduced overall survival (p = 0.002). Due to the fact that GPER is regulated by estrogens, as well as gonadotropins, GPER may also be affected by endocrine therapies applied to GCT patients. Moreover, with our data supposing GPER to be associated with GCT prognosis, GPER might be considered as a possible confounder when assessing the efficacy of hormone-based therapeutic approaches in GCTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, 80337 Munich, Germany. sabine.heublein@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heublein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany. doris.mayr@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, 80337 Munich, Germany. miriam.lenhard@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friese
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jarrin-Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, 81377 Munich, Germany. miriam.lenhard@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenhard
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy III, Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. mayerhofer@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayerhofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, 80337 Munich, Germany. udo.jeschke@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jeschke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006106:Granulosa Cell Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C109584:GPER1 protein, human; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled