title: Serum enolase: a non-destructive biomarker of white skeletal myopathy during pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.
abstract: Diseases which cause skeletal muscle myopathy are some of the most economically damaging diseases in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., aquaculture. Despite this, there are limited means of assessing fish health non-destructively. Previous investigation of the serum proteome of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during pancreas disease (PD) has identified proteins in serum that have potential as biomarkers of the disease. Amongst these proteins, the enzyme enolase was selected as the most viable for use as a biomarker of muscle myopathy associated with PD. Western blot and immunoassay (ELISA) validated enolase as a biomarker for PD, whilst immunohistochemistry identified white muscle as the source of enolase. Enolase was shown to be a specific marker for white muscle myopathy in salmon, rising in serum concentration significantly correlating with pathological damage to the tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braceland
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Vet Services, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: McLoughlin
authors.affiliation: BioMar Ltd., Grangemouth, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tinsley
authors.affiliation: VESO Vikan, Aquamedical Contract Research, Vikan, Namsos, Norway.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Marine Harvest Scotland, Farms Office Blar Mhor Industrial Estate, Fort William, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cockerill
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Eckersall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020317:Salmo salar
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: Atlantic salmon; biomarkers; enolase; health; myopathy; pancreas disease