title: Comparisons between two biochemical markers in evaluating periodontal disease severity: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare two biochemical markers, which have been previously used to determine the degrees of alveolar bone destruction, in evaluating periodontal disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The WF6 epitope of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collected from patients with various degrees of disease severity, including ten patients with gingivitis (50 gingivitis sites) and 33 patients with chronic periodontitis (including gingivitis, slight, moderate, and severe periodontitis sites; n = 50 each), as well as from ten healthy volunteers (50 healthy sites) by Periopaper strips. The levels of CS and ALP were measured by an ELISA and a fluorometric assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated low levels of CS and ALP in non-destructive and slightly destructive periodontitis sites, whereas significantly high levels of these two biomolecules were shown in moderately and severely destructive sites (p < 0.05). Although a significant difference in CS levels was found between moderate and severe periodontitis sites, no difference in ALP levels was found. Stronger correlations were found between CS levels and periodontal parameters, including probing depth, loss of clinical attachment levels, gingival index and plaque index, than between ALP levels and these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that the CS level is a better diagnostic marker than the ALP level for evaluating distinct severity of chronic periodontitis.
authors.forename: Sakornrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khongkhunthian
authors.forename: Prachya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kongtawelert
authors.forename: Siriwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ongchai
authors.forename: Peraphan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pothacharoen
authors.forename: Thanapat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sastraruji
authors.forename: Dhirawat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jotikasthira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. suttichaikris@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Suttichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krisanaprakornkit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000378:metabolism; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism; D010519:Periodontium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D000939:Epitopes; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase