title: Affective temperaments and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) score higher on affective temperament ratings compared to healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, unaffected relatives demonstrate similar patterns as BD patients suggesting that such temperaments are related to the genetic risk for BD and may serve as endophenotypes for the disorder. It is unknown whether affective temperaments are associated with other core features of BD, such as impairments in neurocognition. This study examined the relationship between affective temperaments and neurocognition in patients with BD and in HCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego, Auto-questionnaire version (TEMPS-A) in 64 patients with BD and 109 HCs. Neurocognitive functioning was evaluated using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Correlational analyses between temperaments and cognition were conducted in BD and HC subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data suggest that affective temperaments and neurocognition are correlated. In BD higher ratings of cyclothymia and irritability were associated with better processing speed, working memory, reasoning and problem-solving. In the HC group, increased irritability was related to worse performance on measures of attention and social cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of functional outcome measures to evaluate the impact of temperaments and cognition on psychosocial functioning. It would be useful to test these findings on unaffected relatives of BD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclothymic and irritable temperaments are correlated with specific aspects of neurocognition in BD. This study is among the few exploring the dimensional relationship between temperaments and cognition in BD, and provides preliminary evidence for future studies investigating the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying the association between these variables.
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States. Electronic address: manuela.russo@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanahan
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramjas
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solon
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital - North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
authors.forename: Raphael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Burdick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Neurocognition; Personality traits; Temperament