title: Air quality modeling in support of the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS).
abstract: A major challenge in traffic-related air pollution exposure studies is the lack of information regarding pollutant exposure characterization. Air quality modeling can provide spatially and temporally varying exposure estimates for examining relationships between traffic-related air pollutants and adverse health outcomes. A hybrid air quality modeling approach was used to estimate exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in support of the Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) conducted in Detroit (Michigan, USA). Model-based exposure metrics, associated with local variations of emissions and meteorology, were estimated using a combination of the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) and Research LINE-source dispersion model for near-surface releases (RLINE) dispersion models, local emission source information from the National Emissions Inventory, detailed road network locations and traffic activity, and meteorological data from the Detroit City Airport. The regional background contribution was estimated using a combination of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) and the Space-Time Ordinary Kriging (STOK) models. To capture the near-road pollutant gradients, refined "mini-grids" of model receptors were placed around participant homes. Exposure metrics for CO, NOx, PM2.5 and its components (elemental and organic carbon) were predicted at each home location for multiple time periods including daily and rush hours. The exposure metrics were evaluated for their ability to characterize the spatial and temporal variations of multiple ambient air pollutants compared to measurements across the study area.
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Isakov.Vlad@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Vlad
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Isakov
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Europa Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA. sarav@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arunachalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Room 6075 SPH2, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA. stuartb@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batterman
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. sarah.bereznicki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bereznicki
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Burke.janet@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Dionisio.Kathie@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Kathie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dionisio
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Garcia.Val@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Heist.David@epa.gov.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heist
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Perry.Steven@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Europa Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA. mgs3584@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA. Vette.Alan@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vette
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008824:Michigan; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002248:Carbon Monoxide