title: Human papillomavirus and host genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinogenesis continues to rise, the role of genetic factors that modify this risk have become increasingly important. In this study, we reviewed the literature for associations between polymorphisms and HPV in carcinogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify any associations of genetic polymorphisms with oncogenic HPV in carcinogenesis and to evaluate the methodology used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature review of HPV, genetic polymorphisms, and cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR), interaction terms, and p-values were tabulated. Meta-analyses and measures of heterogeneity were estimated using RevMan 5.1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cervix was the most frequently studied cancer site followed by the head and neck. Overall risk of cancer (cancer vs. control) was the most common comparison, whereas reports of initiation (pre-cancer vs. control) and progression (cancer vs. pre-cancer) were rare. Case-series and joint-effect of HPV and genotype on risk was evaluated frequently, but the independent effect of either risk factor alone was rarely provided. P53-Arg72Pro was the most commonly studied polymorphism studied. No consistent interaction was detected by meta-analysis in the HPV(+) [OR 0.98 (0.55-1.76)] or the HPV(-) [OR 1.10 (0.76-1.60)] subsets in head and neck cancer risk. Polymorphisms in genes known to encode proteins that physically interact with HPV were infrequently studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No consistent polymorphism-HPV interactions were observed. Study design, choice of candidate polymorphisms/genes, and a focus on overall risk rather than any specific portions of the carcinogenic pathway may have contributed to lack of significant findings.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Habbous
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Medicine and Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9. Electronic address: Geoffrey.liu@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Cancer; Cervix; Head and neck; Human papillomavirus; Interaction; Polymorphism