title: Calorie restriction aggravated cortical and trabecular bone architecture in ovariectomy-induced estrogen-deficient rats.
abstract: We hypothesized that calorie restriction (CR) and estrogen deficiency (ovariectomy [OVX]) would aggravate bone biomarkers and structural parameters in rats. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to sham-operated groups and fed either an ad libitum diet (SHAM-AL) or a CR diet (SHAM-CR); ovariectomy-operated groups were fed an ad libitum diet (OVX-AL) or a CR diet (OVX-CR). For 8 weeks, the OVX-AL and SHAM-AL groups were fed the same diet, whereas CR groups were fed a diet containing 50% fewer calories. Bone-related biomarkers and structural parameters (OC; deoxypyridinoline [DPD]; N-terminal telopeptide, NTx; architecture and mineralization; and microcomputed tomography images) were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The serum OC levels of calorie-restricted groups (SHAM-CR and OVX-CR) were significantly lower than those of the AL groups (SHAM-AL and OVX-AL) (P < .05). Urinary DPD levels of calorie-restricted and ovariectomized groups were higher than those of their counterparts (P < .05), whereas urinary NTx levels of calorie-restricted groups were higher than those of AL groups (P < .05). In regard to trabecular bone, the calorie-restricted and ovariectomized groups had lower values of bone volume to total volume, trabecular number, and bone mineral density, but higher values of trabecular separation than those of their counterparts (P < .05). Regarding cortical bone, the calorie-restricted groups had reduced values of bone volume, mean polar moment of inertia, and cortical thickness compared to the AL groups (P < .05). In conclusion, severe CR with or without OVX during the growth period in rats is equally detrimental to bone; CR has detrimental effects on trabecular and cortical bone; and estrogen deficiency only had an effect on trabecular bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyejin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: rwcho@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ryowon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Choue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Bone; Calorie restriction; Estrogen deficiency; Ovariectomy; Rat