title: IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Roles in immunity and powerful vaccine adjuvants.
abstract: The roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 during both innate and adaptive Th2 mediated immunity have received considerable scrutiny, however, mechanisms by which these cytokines influence the cellular interactions involved in negatively modulating the development of effective Th1 immunity are poorly characterized. In this article we discuss the recent advances in IL-4/IL-13 biology, mainly (i) role of these cytokines in allergic inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cancer, transplant rejection, bacterial/viral infections, and specifically the therapeutic potential of IL-13Rα2, (ii) insights into how "alarmin" stimulation activate IL-4/IL-13 at the lung mucosae, (iii) how these two cytokines modulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell quality/avidity in a vaccine route dependent manner and (iv) finally discuss the potential of using transient inhibition of IL-4 and/or IL-13 at the vaccination site as a platform vaccine technology to induce strong sustained high quality CD8(+) T cell immunity for protection against many chronic mucosal pathogens such as HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia. Electronic address: Charani.Ranasinghe@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Charani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ranasinghe
authors.affiliation: Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Shubhanshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia; Virology Laboratory, The Basil Hetzel Institute, Department of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Danushka K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wijesundara
authors.affiliation: Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D053663:Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D053663:Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: CD8 T cell avidity; IL-13Ra2; IL-4R antagonist; Infection and immunity; Vaccines