title: Evaluation of net causal influences in the circuit responding to premotor control during the movement-readiness state using conditional Granger causality.
abstract: As an initialization procedure for brain responding to subsequent movement execution (ME), the movement-readiness (MR) state is important for understanding the formation processes from daily movement training to long-term memory of movement pattern. As such, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the net causal influences among regions contributing to premotor control during the MR state were explored by means of conditional Granger causality (CGC) and graph-theory methods in the present study. Our results found that net causal circuits responding to unimanual MR were identified during right-hand or left-hand MR, involving in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), upper precuneus (UPCU), caudate nucleus (CN), cingulate motor area (CMA), supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary sensorimotor area (S1M1). Moreover, the contralateral CN, SMA and S1M1 revealed greater net causal influences during unimanual MR, which highlighted the contralateral dominant modulations during unimanual MR. Furthermore, according as the graph-theory analysis, the higher In+Out degrees of upper precuneus (UPCU) during right-hand MR or higher In+Out degrees of cingulate motor area (CMA) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during left-hand MR implied the brain asymmetry of causal connectivity in the circuit responding to right-hand or left-hand MR. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
authors.forename: Huafu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Yihong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China. Electronic address: gaofabao_sub@163.com.
authors.forename: Fabao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Conditional Granger causality analysis; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Movement-readiness