title: Smoking during pregnancy affects foetal brain development.
abstract: Environmental factors such as maternal smoking can significantly modulate genetically programmed brain development during foetal life. This review looks at how prenatal smoking exposure modulates brain development, including new evidence on the effects of smoking on foetal brain development and function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking during pregnancy exposes the foetus to thousands of health-threatening chemicals, restricting foetal body and head growth. Alterations in brain structure and function have been seen in children exposed to prenatal smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korkeila
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D049188:Prenatal Injuries; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging; Foetal development; Nicotine; Tobacco; Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging