title: Short- and long-term treatment with modafinil differentially affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
abstract: The generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the adult brain has been demonstrated in many species including humans and is suggested to have functional relevance for learning and memory. The wake promoting drug modafinil has popularly been categorized as a so-called neuroenhancer due to its positive effects on cognition. We here show that short- and long-term treatment with modafinil differentially effects hippocampal neurogenesis. We used different thymidine analogs (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU), iododeoxyuridine (IdU)) and labeling protocols to investigate distinct regulative events during hippocampal neurogenesis, namely cell proliferation and survival. Eight-week-old mice that were treated with modafinil (64mg/kg, i.p.) every 24h for 4days show increased proliferation in the dentate gyrus indicated by BrdU-labeling and more newborn granule cells 3weeks after treatment. Short-term treatment for 4days also enhanced the number of postmitotic calretinin-expressing progenitor cells that were labeled with BrdU 1week prior to treatment indicating an increased survival of new born immature granule cells. Interestingly, long-term treatment for 14days resulted in an increased number of newborn Prox1(+) granule cells, but we could not detect an additive effect of the prolonged treatment on proliferation and survival of newborn cells. Moreover, daily administration for 14days did not influence the number of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus. Together, modafinil has an acute impact on precursor cell proliferation as well as survival but loses this ability during longer treatment durations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: moritz.brandt@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellwardt
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000077408:Modafinil; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D000077408:Modafinil
keywords: Prox1; adult neurogenesis; calretinin; hippocampus; modafinil; neuroenhancer