title: Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal studies of Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) diclofenac sodium complexes as anti-inflammatory drug and their protective effects on renal functions impairment and oxidative stress.
abstract: The main task of our present study is the preparation of newly complexes of Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) with diclofenac which succeeded to great extent in alleviating the side effects of diclofenac alone and ameliorating the kidney function parameters and antioxidant capacities with respect to diclofenac treated group alone. The Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) with diclofenac have been synthesized and characterized using infrared, electronic and (1)H NMR spectral, thermogravimetric and conductivity measurements. The diclofenac ligand has been found to act as bidentate chelating agent. Diclofenac complexes coordinate through the oxygen's of the carboxyl group. The molar ratio chelation is 1:2 (M(2+)-dic) with general formula [M(dic)2(H2O)2]⋅nH2O. Antibacterial screening of the alkaline earth metal complexes against Escherichia coli (Gram-ve), Bacillus subtilis (Gram+ve) and anti-fungal (Asperagillus oryzae, Asperagillus niger, Asperagillus flavus) were investigated. The kidney functions in male albino rats were ameliorated upon treatment with metal complexes of dic, which are represented by decreasing the levels of urea and uric acid to be located within normal values. The other looks bright spot in this article is the assessment of antioxidant defense system including SOD, CAT and MDA with the help of Sr(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)-dic complexes. The hormones related to kidney functions and stresses have been greatly ameliorated in groups treated with dic complexes in comparable with dic treated group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: El-Megharbel
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reham Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Zip Code 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt. Electronic address: msrefat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Moamen S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Refat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008673:Metals, Alkaline Earth / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051381:Rats; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013324:Strontium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D006728:Hormones; D008673:Metals, Alkaline Earth; D020011:Protective Agents; D004008:Diclofenac; D001464:Barium; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Alkaline earth metal ions; Antioxidants; Cortisol; Diclofenac; Kidney function parameters; Spectroscopic