title: Abnormalities of the external genitalia.
abstract: Abnormalities of the external genitalia span the spectrum from subtle findings of limited clinical significance to profound anomalies that call into question such essential questions as sex determination. In addition, missing a diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a newborn female child with virilized external genitalia can result in near-term mortality, whereas a large inguinal hernia could present rapidly with incarceration if undetected. To that end, this article seeks to present a survey of commonly encountered genital abnormalities while highlighting those scenarios that require multidisciplinary interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, 3rd Floor Wood Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baldinger
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, 3rd Floor Wood Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Abhijith
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mudegowdar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, 3rd Floor Wood Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: shuklaa@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Aseem R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
keywords: External genitalia; Genital malformations; Hydrocele; Inguinal hernia; Penile anomalies; Scrotal anomalies