title: Characterizing cannabis-induced psychosis: a study with prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex.
abstract: Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) refers to psychotic symptoms that arise in the context of cannabis intoxication. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits have been extensively identified in schizophrenia and in cannabis abusers. We aimed to characterize PPI in CIPD patients. We used a sample of 48 CIPD patients, 54 schizophrenia patients and cannabis abuse (SCHZ), 44 cannabis dependents (CD), and 44 controls. CIPD, SCHZ and CD were abstinent of cannabis consumption for 9 months. Participants were assessed with PPI at 30, 60, and 120 ms. At 30 ms, CIPD showed lower PPI levels than controls, and SCHZ obtained worse functioning than controls and CD. At 60 ms, only SCHZ exhibited worse PPI percentages (of object) than controls. Finally, at 120 ms, CIPD showed higher PPI levels than SCHZ, and SCHZ obtained lower percentages than controls. We found that CIPD and SCHZ patients showed deficits at the most pre-attentional levels, whereas CIPD patients performed better than SCHZ at higher attentional levels. These results suggest that CIPD constitutes a different group of patients than that of SCHZ. Deficits in PPI functioning at 30 ms could be a useful psychophysiological measure to detect CIPD patients, who are frequently confused with cannabis abusers whose symptoms may mimic that of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Psychophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: isabel.moralesm8@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morales-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Psychophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology II (Cognitive Processes), School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jurado-Barba
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gras
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Arriero
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Psychology I (Basic Processes), School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moratti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Psychophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D065808:Prepulse Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000523:psychology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cannabis; Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder; Prepulse inhibition; Schizophrenia