title: Medical apps in endocrine diseases - hide and seek.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative review and categorization of available endocrinology related mobile apps for the iOS platform (Apple®) and outline of search strategies to identify appropriate mobile apps for this field.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 endocrinology related search terms were collected and grouped into 8 main categories covering different areas of endocrinology. These terms were then used to perform comprehensive searches in three categories of Apple's app store, namely 'Medicine', 'Health and Fitness', and 'Reference'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, matches were found for only 33 of the 80 collected endocrinology related search terms; the majority of matches were found in the medical category, followed by matches for the health and fitness (27/33), and reference (16/33) categories. Restricting the search to these categories significantly helped in discriminating between health related apps and those having another purpose. The distribution of apps per category roughly matches what one can expect considering available data for incidence and prevalence of corresponding endocrinological conditions. Apps matching terms belonging to the spectrum of glucose homeostasis disorders are the most common. For conditions where patients do not have to constantly monitor their condition, apps tend to have a reference or educational character, while for conditions that require a high level of involvement from patients, there are proportionally more apps for self-management. With a single exception, the identified apps had not undergone regulation, and information about the data sources, professional backgrounds, and reliability of the content and integrated information sources was rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While applying a good search strategy is important for finding apps for endocrinology related problems, users also need to consider whether the app they have found respects all necessary criteria regarding reliability, privacy and data protection before they place their trust in it.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
authors.forename: Urs-Vito
authors.initials: UV
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Jan
keywords: endocrinology; mobile apps