title: Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analyse the effect of varnishes containing xylitol alone or combined with fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated to 7 groups (n=15/group). Artificial caries lesions were produced by immersion in 30 mL of lactic acid buffer containing 3mM CaCl2·2H2O, 3mM KH2PO4, 6 μM tetraetil metil diphosphanate (pH 5.0) for 6 days. The enamel blocks were treated with the following varnishes: 10% xylitol; 20% xylitol; 10% xylitol plus F (5% NaF); 20% xylitol plus F (5% NaF); Duofluorid™ (6% NaF, 2.71% F+6% CaF2), Duraphat™ (5% NaF, positive control) and placebo (no-F/xylitol, negative control). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and removed after 6h. The blocks were subjected to pH-cycles (demineralization-2h/remineralization-22 h during 8 days) and enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness and transversal microradiography. The percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), the integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were statistically analysed by ANOVA/Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enamel surface remineralization was significantly increased by Duraphat™, 10% xylitol plus F and 20% xylitol plus F formulations, while significant subsurface mineral remineralization could be seen only for enamel treated with Duraphat™, Duofluorid™ and 20% xylitol formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  20% xylitol varnishes seem to be promising alternatives to increase remineralization of artificial caries lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  effective vehicles are desirable for caries control. Xylitol varnishes seem to be promising alternatives to increase enamel remineralization in vitro, which should be confirmed by in situ and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A B
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A R F
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: de Castilho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: P M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Salomão
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mbuzalaf@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010919:Placebos; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014993:Xylitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C526357:Duofluorid-F; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D008903:Minerals; D010919:Placebos; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D014993:Xylitol
keywords: Dental caries; Dental remineralization; Fluoride varnish; Xylitol