title: Determination of multiple pesticides in fruits and vegetables using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method with magnetic nanoparticles and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Based on a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the adsorbing material and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, we established a new method for the determination of multiple pesticides in vegetables and fruits. It was determined that bare MNPs have excellent function as adsorbent when purified, and it is better to be separated from the extract. The amount of MNPs influenced the clean-up performance and recoveries. To achieve the optimum performance of modified QuEChERS towards the target analytes, several parameters including the amount of the adsorbents and purification time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, recoveries were evaluated in four representative matrices (tomato, cucumber, orange and apple) with the spiked concentrations of 10 μg kg(-1), 50 μg kg(-1)and 200 μg kg(-1) in all cases. The results showed that the recovery of 101 pesticides ranged between 71.5 and 111.7%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 10.5%. The optimum clean-up system improved the purification efficiency and simultaneously obtained satisfactory recoveries of multiple pesticides, including planar-ring pesticides. In short, the modified QuEChERS method in addition to MNPs used for removing impurities improved the speed of sample pre-treatment and exhibited an enhanced performance and purifying effect.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China. Electronic address: lqqiao@sdau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lu-Qin
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Wei
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China. Electronic address: mlwang1963@163.com.
authors.forename: Ming-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: Bare magnetic nanoparticles; Fruits and vegetables; GC–MS/MS; Multi-residue analysis; Planar-ring pesticide; QuEChERS