title: 6-Dehydrogingerdione restrains lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
abstract: 6-Dehydrogingerdione (6-DG), one important component of ginger, has been reported to possess some medical effects, such as antitumor and antiatherosclerosis. Herein, the anti-inflammatory effects of 6-DG against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced pro-inflammation mediators in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Results show that 6-DG significantly attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the LPS-mediated murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). 6-DG inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of both p38 and nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α (IκBα), which further prevented p-p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB-p65) translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, 6-DG increased the ratio of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1)/p-STAT3 and down-regulated the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chien-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yen-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D006139:Guaiacol; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C555348:6-dehydrogingerdione
keywords: 6-dehydrogingerdione; inflammation; lipopolysaccharides; signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT-1 and -3)