title: Efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis among infants with congenital heart disease: A case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palivizumab prophylaxis for RSV has been consistently reported to reduce the risk of hospital admissions related to RSV infection in children with symptomatic cardiac disease. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis among infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 91 infants with CHD who received palivizumab prophylaxis and 96 infants with CHD without prophylaxis (0-12 months:52; 12-24 months:44) were included in this single-center retrospective case control study. Data on patient characteristics, household environment, and LRTIs were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients without prophylaxis, the rate of overall lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) (P < 0.001), complicated LRTIs (P = 0.006), LRTI-related hospitalization (P < 0.001) and ICU admission (P = 0.008) were significantly higher than control patients. Weight <10th percentile (odds ratio (OR) 5.78, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.37; 24.4, P < 0.001) and concomitant chromosome abnormality (OR 4.01, 95% CI:1.01;16.45, P < 0.001) in patients with prophylaxis, while presence of a sibling <11 years of age (OR 3.38, 95% CI: 1.21; 9.46, P < 0.001) and congestive heart failure (OR 8.63, 95% CI: 2.81; 26.6, P < 0.001) in the control group were the significant correlates of LRTI-related hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings revealed significantly lower rate of overall and complicated LRTIs, LRTI-related hospitalization and ICU admissions in infants with CHD via palivizumab prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nazmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Narin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baykan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozge
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pamukcu
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokmen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zararsiz
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunkak
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uzum
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D000069455:Palivizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000069455:Palivizumab
keywords: RSV; clinical trials; congenital heart disease; hospitalization; lower respiratory tract infections; palivizumab prophylaxis; risk factors