title: GC-MS characterisation and antibacterial activity evaluation of Nigella sativa oil against diverse strains of Salmonella.
abstract: Salmonella resistance is becoming a worldwide serious health issue in these days; therefore, it is an urgent need to develop some alternative approaches to overcome this problem. Twenty bacterial strains were isolated and purified from different environmental sources and confirmed as Salmonella by morphological and biochemical analyses. Further confirmation was done by 16s rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by well diffusion assay against different concentrations of Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin. The behaviour of both antibiotics was different against diverse strains of Salmonella. Salmonella strains resistant to both antibiotics were analysed for antibacterial activity of natural extracts of Nigella sativa (black seeds). N. sativa oil was found to be more effective against Salmonella species for which even Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin were ineffective. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of N. sativa oil was also accomplished, exhibiting 10 compounds including thymoquinone, p-cymene, cis-carveol, thymol, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-pinene, trans-anethole, α-longipinene and longifolene.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , University of the Punjab , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Arslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.forename: Zakia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Latif
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D031881:Nigella sativa / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects*; D029974:Carum
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002443:Ceftriaxone; C104525:caraway oil
keywords: Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Nigella sativa oil; Salmonella; thymoquinone