title: Bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis spores encapsulated with amaranth derivatized starches: studies on the propagation "in vitro".
abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the bioinsecticides used worldwide due to its specific toxicity against target pests in their larval stage. Despite this advantage, its use is limited because of their short persistence in field when exposed to ultra violet light and changing environmental conditions. In this work, microencapsulation has been evaluated as a promising method to improve Bt activity. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize native and modified amaranth starch granules and evaluate their potential application as wall materials in the microcapsulation of B thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1 (Bt- HD1), produced by spray drying. Native amaranth starch granules were treated by hydrolyzation, high energy milling (HEM) and were chemically modified by phosphorylation and succinylation. The size of the Bt microcapsules varied from 12.99 to 17.14 μm adequate to protect the spores of Bt from ultraviolet radiation. The aw coefficient of the microcapsules produced by the modified starches after drying was low (0.14-1.88), which prevent microbial growth. Microcapsules prepared with phosphorylated amaranth starch presented the highest bacterial count and active material yield. Different concentrations of the encapsulated Bt formulation in phosphorylated amaranth starch showed a high level of insecticidal activity when tested on M. sexta larvae and has great potential to be developed as a bioinsecticide formulation, also, the level of toxicity is much higher than that found in some of the products commercially available.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000. Fraccionamiento Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana Priscila García
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Marcela Gaytán
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrera-Cortés
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.forename: Fernando Martínez
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bustos
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002214:Capsules / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D008422:Materials Testing; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D013213:Starch