title: NOD-like receptors interfacing the immune and reproductive systems.
abstract: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD-like receptors, NLRs) are intracellular proteins that are chiefly known for their critical functions in inflammatory responses and host defense against microbial pathogens. Several NLRs have been demonstrated to assemble inflammasomes or to engage transcriptional signaling cascades that result in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and bactericidal factors. In recent years, NLRs have also emerged as key regulators of early mammalian embryogenesis and reproduction. A subset of phylogenetically related NLRs represents a new class of maternal effect genes that are highly expressed in maturing oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. Mutations in several of these NLRs have been linked to hereditary reproductive defects and imprinting diseases. In this review, we discuss the expression profiles, the emerging functions and molecular mode of action of these NLRs with newly recognized roles at the interfaces of the immune and reproductive systems. In addition, we provide an overview of coding mutations in NLRs that have been associated with human reproductive diseases, and outline crucial outstanding questions in this emerging research field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Gorp
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuchmiy
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Hauwermeiren
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamkanfi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
keywords: NOD-like receptors; disease; embryogenesis; imprinting; inflammasomes; maternal effect gene; mole; oocyte; reproduction; subcortical maternal complex