title: Familial risk for alcohol dependence and developmental changes in BMI: the moderating influence of addiction and obesity genes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Familial loading for alcohol dependence (AD) and variation in genes reported to be associated with AD or BMI were tested in a longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth curve analyses of BMI data collected at approximately yearly intervals and obesity status (BMI > 30) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-risk males were found to have higher BMI than low-risk males, beginning at age 15 years (2.0 kg/m(2) difference; p = 0.046), persisting through age 19 years (3.3 kg/m(2) difference; p = 0.005). CHRM2 genotypic variance predicted longitudinal BMI and obesity status. Interactions with risk status and sex were also observed for DRD2 and FTO gene variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation at loci implicated in addiction may be influential in determining susceptibility to increased BMI in childhood and adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lichenstein
authors.forename: Bobby L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jessica W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zezza
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stiffler
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Shirley Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C581293:DRD2 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human
keywords: BMI; addiction; familial risk for alcoholism; multiplex families; obesity genes