title: Circadian rhythms variation of pain in burning mouth syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the intensity of pain and levels of disability at different times through the day in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) over a 14-day period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective clinical study of 30 patients with BMS, 26 of whom completed the study. The parameters studied were pain intensity (using a visual analog scale), Disability Index (in the morning, afternoon and night), quality of life (using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pain was 5.1 ± 1.8 and disability was 2.09 ± 1.40. There were significant differences between the three pain measurements taken at different times of day: between morning and afternoon (P ≤ 0.001), morning and evening (P ≤ 0.001), and afternoon and evening (P ≤ 0.001). Regression analysis found that the mean Pain Disability Index (R(2) corrected = 0.329; F = 3.44; P = 0.02) was also affected by anxiety (P = 0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain and disability increase as the day progresses in patients with BMS, and are influenced by anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Aging Research Institute, University of Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jornet
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molino Pagan
authors.forename: Paz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andujar Mateos
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Agudo
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons-Fuster
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: anxiety; burning mouth syndrome; chronic pain; depression