title: Serum metabolomic biomarkers of dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared serum metabolites of demented patients (Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia) and controls, and explored serum metabolite profiles of nondemented individuals 5 years preceding the diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitively healthy participants were followed up for 5-20 years. Cognitive assessment, serum sampling, and diagnosis were completed every 5 years. Multivariate analyses were conducted on the metabolite profiles generated by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant group separation was found between demented patients and controls, and between incident cases and controls. Metabolites that contributed in both analyses were 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and uric acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum metabolite profiles are altered in demented patients, and detectable up to 5 years preceding the diagnosis. Blood sampling can make an important contribution to the early prediction of conversion to dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden ; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malahat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Antti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden ; Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergdahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå, Stockholm, Sweden ; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars-Göran
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Stockholm, Sweden ; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyberg
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Early diagnosis; Gas chromatography; Memory; Vascular dementia