title: Amomum tsao-ko suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages via Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 expression.
abstract: Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire, used as a spice in Asia, is an important source of Chinese cuisine and traditional Chinese medicines. A. tsao-ko is reported to exert a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. In this study, NNMBS227, consisting of the ethanol extract of A. tsao-ko, exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. We investigated the effect of NNMBS227 in the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) in LPS stimulated macrophages. NNMBS227 also inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 caused by stimulation with LPS. In addition, NNMBS227 induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression through the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in macrophages. Using tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), an HO activity inhibitor, we confirmed an association between the anti-inflammatory effects of NNMBS227 and the up-regulation of HO-1. These findings suggest that Nrf2-dependent increases in the expression of HO-1 induced by NNMBS227 conferred anti-inflammatory activities in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong-Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyuncheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Youn-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Won-Hwan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jai-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D035801:Amomum; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Amomum tsao-ko; Heme Oxygenase-1; Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2; Nuclear Factor Kappa B