title: Bone disease after transplantation: osteoporosis and fractures risk.
abstract: Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for several end-stage diseases. Bone loss is a common complication that occurs in transplant recipients. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are serious complication, mainly in the first year post transplantation. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of bone disease following organ transplantation. This review address the mechanisms of bone loss including the contribution of the immunosuppressive agents as well as the specific features to bone loss after kidney, lung, liver, cardiac and bone marrow transplantation. Prevention and management of bone loss in the transplant recipient should be included in their post transplant follow-up in order to prevent fractures.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kulak
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victoria Z C
authors.initials: VZ
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulak Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melani Ribeiro
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Custódio
mesh_terms: D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000209:etiology*; D014180:Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium