title: Biochar produced from oak sawdust by Lanthanum (La)-involved pyrolysis for adsorption of ammonium (NH4(+)), nitrate (NO3(-)), and phosphate (PO4(3-)).
abstract: A series of biochars were prepared by pyrolyzing oak sawdust with/without LaCl3 involvement at temperature of 300-600 °C, and approximate and ultimate analyses were carried out to check their basic characteristics. Meanwhile, the releases of readily soluble NH4(+), NO3(-) and PO4(3-) from biochars and the adsorption of NH4(+), NO3(-) and PO4(3-) by biochars were investigated. Results indicated that the involvement of LaCl3 in pyrolysis could advance the temperature of maximum mass loss by 10 °C compared with oak sawdust (CK), and potentially promoted biochar yield. Overall, the releases of readily soluble NH4(+), NO3(-) and PO4(3-) from biochars were negatively related to pyrolysis temperature, and the releases were greatly weakened by La-biochars. Additionally, the adsorption to NH4(+) can be promoted by the biochars produced at low temperature. On the contrary, the NO3(-) adsorption can be improved by increasing pyrolysis temperature. The highest PO4(3-) adsorption was achieved by the biochars produced at 500 °C. According to the results of adsorption isotherms, the maximum adsorption capacity of NH4(+), NO3(-) and PO4(3-) can be significantly promoted by 1.9, 11.2, and 4.5 folds using La-biochars. Based on the observations of FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and surface functional groups, the improvement of NH4(+) adsorption was potentially associated with the existing acidic function groups (phenolic-OH and carboxyl C=O). The increased basic functional groups on La-biochars were beneficial to improve NO3(-) and PO4(3-) adsorption. Besides, PO4(3-) adsorption was also potentially related to the formed La2O3.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhanghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China. Electronic address: fishensjtu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanzong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Integration and Consultation, Library of Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Shihuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D029963:Quercus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D007811:Lanthanum
keywords: Biochar; Lanthanum; N & P adsorption; Pyrolytic temperature