title: T cell memory. A local macrophage chemokine network sustains protective tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells.
abstract: CD8 tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells provide efficient local control of viral infection, but the role of CD4 T(RM) is less clear. Here, by using parabiotic mice, we show that a preexisting pool of CD4 T(RM) cells in the genital mucosa was required for full protection from a lethal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection. Chemokines secreted by a local network of macrophages maintained vaginal CD4 T(RM) in memory lymphocyte clusters (MLCs), independently of circulating memory T cells. CD4 T(RM) cells within the MLCs were enriched in clones that expanded in response to HSV-2. Our results highlight the need for vaccine strategies that enable establishment of T(RM) cells for protection from a sexually transmitted virus and provide insights as to how such a pool might be established.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. akiko.iwasaki@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000276:immunology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: C503460:Ccl5 protein, mouse; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D018925:Chemokines