title: RETRACTED: Schisandrin B induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of gallbladder cancer cells.
abstract: Gallbladder cancer, with high aggressivity and extremely poor prognosis, is the most common malignancy of the bile duct. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on gallbladder cancer cells and identify the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. We showed that Sch B inhibited the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose-, time -dependent manner through MTT and colony formation assays, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at a dose-dependent manner through flow cytometry. Flow cytometry assays also revealed G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in GBC-SD and NOZ cells. Western blot analysis of Sch B-treated cells revealed the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK-4. Moreover, this drug also inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice carrying subcutaneous NOZ tumor xenografts. These data demonstrated that Sch B induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that Sch B may be a promising drug for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xu-An
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Huai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Run-Fa
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Mao-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Zhu-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital Nanchang University Emergency Unit, No. 17 Yongwai Road, Nanchang 330006, China. washar1717@163.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. liuybphd@126.com.
authors.forename: Ying-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D034242:Cyclooctanes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D034242:Cyclooctanes; D017705:Lignans; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; C015499:schizandrin B