title: Impact of scaling and root planing on C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-CP) or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDM-CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight human participants were divided into two groups: an experimental (T2DM-CP) group (group I, n=24) comprising chronic periodontitis patients with random blood sugar ≥200 mg/dL and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and control (NDM-CP) group (group II, n=24) of those with chronic periodontitis and random blood sugar <200 without T2DM for the study. All subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) including complete SRP and subgingival debridement. Periodontal health parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), GCF volume (GCF vol), GCF-CRP, random blood glucose (RBS), glycated hemoglobin, and systemic inflammatory markers, serum CRP, total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil count (Neutr) and lymphocyte count (Lymph), were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after SRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NSPT resulted in statistically significant improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum as well as GCF of both groups I and II. The mean improvement in periodontal health parameters (PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF vol), CRP levels in serum and GCF was greater in group I than group II after NSPT. There was nonsignificant increase in GCF-CRP, TLC, Lymph, and RBS, and a significant increase in Neutr and Serum CRP in group II at 1 month. The Serum CRP level of 20 out of 24 group II patients had also increased at 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CRP levels in both GCF and serum were higher in T2DM-CP patients than in NDM-CP patients. Although there was a significant improvement in both the groups, greater improvement was observed in both GCF and serum samples of T2DM-CP patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1588-7022
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9271-1608
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jhingran
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Vivek Kumar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2232-9742
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0714-6136
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2774-4125
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Iram
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0779-6067
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Kshitiz Medical & Diagnostic Clinic, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3732-7045
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mani
keywords: C-reactive protein; Chronic periodontitis; Diabetes mellitus; Root planning