title: DVD--a conceptual, clinical, and surgical overview.
abstract: Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a slow, disconjugate hypertropic deviation of a nonfixating eye. It is usually bilateral, asymmetrical, and often associated with congenital esotropia. The deviating eye elevates, abducts, and excyclotorts. This type of strabismus is often variable, making measurement and clinical quantification difficult. Specific knowledge of the mechanisms and characteristics of the dissociated deviation are required for proper assessment and effective treatment. There is currently no consensus on the mechanisms and pathophysiology of DVD. In this workshop, participants discuss the characteristics and most current methods for assessing and quantifying the deviation and explore the potential etiologies, clinical characteristics, and indications for surgical intervention and nonsurgical management of DVD.
authors.affiliation: The Krieger Children's Eye Center at the Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: achris15@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christoff
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. Electronic address: achris15@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.affiliation: The Krieger Children's Eye Center at the Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Guyton
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas Medical Center and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fray
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.affiliation: Children's Eye Center of South Texas, San Antonio, Texas.
authors.forename: Claire C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hennessey
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Deparment of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Erick D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bothun
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*