title: Estimates and multivariable risk assessment of gingival recession in the population of adults from Porto Alegre, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe estimates and determine risk indicators of gingival recession in the urban population of Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 1023 adults 35 years and older was obtained using a multistage probability sampling strategy. A structured questionnaire was applied and a clinical examination was performed at four sites of all teeth present. Complex survey commands were used for the estimation of gingival recession (GR) and during risk assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GR ≥1 mm affected 99.7% of subjects. The percentage of subjects with ≥1 tooth with GR ≥3 mm and ≥5 mm was 75.4% and 40.7%, respectively. 67.6%, 27.8% and 9.5% of teeth per subject showed GR ≥1 mm, ≥3 mm and ≥5 mm, respectively. Older age, male gender, smoking exposure, poor self-reported oral hygiene, history of periodontal treatment and high percentage of calculus were significant risk indicators for GR found after multivariable risk assessment. When buccal GR was analysed separately, only gender, age, smoking and high education were significant risk indicators for GR, whereas variables related to oral hygiene were not associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GR is highly prevalent in this Brazilian population. Preventive strategies for GR may target a variety of socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical risk indicators.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Ricardo S A
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Mauricio S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Juliana J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maltz
authors.forename: Alex N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Brazil; epidemiology; gingival recession; prevalence; risk indicators