title: Biological activity of a series of cisplatin-based aliphatic bis(carboxylato) Pt(IV) prodrugs: how long the organic chain should be?
abstract: The biological properties of a series of cisplatin-based Pt(IV) prodrug candidates, namely trans,cis,cis-[Pt(carboxylato)2Cl2(NH3)2], where carboxylato=CH3(CH2)nCOO(-) [(1), n=0; (2), n=2; (3), n=4; (4), n=6] having a large interval of lipophilicity are discussed. The stability of the complexes was tested in different pH conditions (i.e. from 1.0 to 9.0) to simulate the hypothetical conditions for an oral route of administration, showing a high stability (>90%). The transformation into their active Pt(II) metabolites was demonstrated in the presence of ascorbic acid, with a pseudo-first order kinetics, the half-time of which smoothly decreases as the chain length of carboxylic acid increases. Their antiproliferative activity has been evaluated in vitro on a large panel of human cancer cell lines. As expected, the potency increases with the chain length: 3 and 4 resulted by far more active than cisplatin on all cell lines of about one or two orders of magnitude, respectively. Both complexes retained their activity also on cisplatin-resistant cell line, and exhibited a progressive increase of the selectivity compared with non-tumor cells. These results were confirmed with more prolonged treatment (up to 14days) studied on multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). In this case the Pt(IV) complexes exert a protracted antiproliferative action, even if the drug is removed from the culture medium. Finally, in a time-course experiment of the total platinum evaluation in mice blood (after a single oral administration of the title complexes), 2 gave the best results, representing a good compromise between lipophilicity and water solubility, that increase and decrease respectively on passing from 1 to 4.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zanellato
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonarrigo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colangelo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gabano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alessio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy. Electronic address: domenico.osella@unipmn.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osella
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017671:Platinum Compounds; D011355:Prodrugs
keywords: 3D tumor models; Cisplatin; Lipophilicity; Oral administration; Pt(IV) antitumor prodrug