title: Theory to predict shear stress on cells in turbulent blood flow.
abstract: Shear stress on blood cells and platelets transported in a turbulent flow dictates the fate and biological activity of these cells. We present a theoretical link between energy dissipation in turbulent flows to the shear stress that cells experience and show that for the case of physiological turbulent blood flow: (a) the Newtonian assumption is valid, (b) turbulent eddies are universal for the most complex of blood flow problems, and (c) shear stress distribution on turbulent blood flows is possibly universal. Further we resolve a long standing inconsistency in hemolysis between laminar and turbulent flow using the theoretical framework. This work demonstrates that energy dissipation as opposed to bulk shear stress in laminar or turbulent blood flow dictates local mechanical environment of blood cells and platelets universally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Khandakar Niaz
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Morshed
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bark
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forleo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Prasad
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dasi
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013314:Stress, Mechanical