title: Depression and voice handicap in Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysphonia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the mechanism underlying the development remains unclear. This study investigated possible clinical factors related to PD dysphonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dysphonia severity was assessed in 147 non-demented patients with PD and 30 non-PD controls using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10. A threshold of 12 VHI-10 score was used to define the presence of dysphonia. The severity of PD and depression was measured using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-motor and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dysphonia was observed in 52 patients (35.4%). Patients with dysphonia scored higher on the UPDRS and GDS scores compared with patients without dysphonia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that GDS was the only factor significantly associated with the presence of dysphonia. Non-PD controls did not show this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support a high prevalence of dysphonia in patients with PD, and suggest that the presence of dysphonia is more closely related to depression than to the severity of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mun Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sunwoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Phil Hyu
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: yhsohn62@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Young H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D039781:PubMed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Depression; Dysphonia; Geriatric Depression Scale; Parkinson disease; Voice Handicap Index