title: The incidence of cisplatin nephrotoxicity post hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and cytoreductive surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cisplatin is commonly used in hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Little is known about the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin use in HIPEC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence of nephrotoxicity post-HIPEC using cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) plus doxorubicin 15 mg/m(2). The incidence of hypomagnesemia was investigated as a secondary endpoint.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study evaluating patients who received cisplatin with doxorubicin during HIPEC. RIFLE classification was used to assess the development of nephrotoxicity. Variables, such as comorbidities and nephrotoxic medications were obtained. Renal function parameters were also collected, including serum creatinine levels and serum magnesium levels at baseline and at days 3, 7 and 30 after HIPEC. Perioperative urine output (UO) was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three patients were identified. Based on the RIFLE classification, two patients (3.7%) developed acute kidney injury (AKI) following HIPEC with cisplatin. One patient met criteria for renal failure and progressed to chronic renal failure. The other patient had renal injury. Comparable mean creatinine levels were observed at baseline and on day 30 following HIPEC (p > 0.05). The incidence of hypomagnesemia increased to 24.5% by day 7 (p = 0.041) and 30.1% by day 30 (p < 0.001) following HIPEC. Low intraoperative UO, angiotensin II receptor antagonist use and hypertension were associated with development of AKI (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nephrotoxicity can complicate HIPEC with cisplatin therapy and that permanent renal dysfunction may rarely occur. More attention to be directed toward monitoring magnesium levels after cisplatin use with HIPEC.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Hakeam A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hakeam
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breakiet
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzam
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amin
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065426:Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D008274:Magnesium; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Chemotherapy; HIPEC; RIFLE; cisplatin; nephrotoxicity