title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β in human corneal fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of various inflammatory mediators in corneal fibroblasts contributes to corneal inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the possible effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the expression of inflammatory mediators during an inflammatory response in human corneal fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) from IL-1β-exposed human corneal fibroblasts were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The regulatory mechanisms of CAPE on cellular signaling pathways were examined using Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. A functional validation was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory effects of CAPE on neutrophil and monocyte migration in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAPE inhibited the expression of IL-6, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in corneal fibroblasts. The activation of AKT and NF-κB by IL-1β was markedly inhibited by CAPE, whereas the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was not affected. CAPE significantly suppressed the IL-1β-induced migration of differentiated (d)HL-60 and THP-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These anti-inflammatory effects of CAPE may be expected to inhibit the infiltration of leukocytes into the corneal stroma in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine Inje University , Busan , Republic of Korea .
authors.forename: Jae-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Won-Kyo
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Chang-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yea
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gi-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Giyoun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Sae-Gwang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Su-Kil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jung Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Il-Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000187:drug effects; D054441:Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000187:drug effects; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: AKT; caffeic acid phenethyl ester; chemotaxic migration; corneal inflammation; nuclear factor-κB