title: Changes induced by Trichoderma harzianum in suppressive compost controlling Fusarium wilt.
abstract: The addition of species of Trichoderma to compost is a widespread technique used to control different plant diseases. The biological control activity of these species is mainly attributable to a combination of several mechanisms of action, which may affect the microbiota involved in the suppressiveness of compost. This study was therefore performed to determine the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) on compost, focusing on bacterial community structure (16S rRNA) and chitinase gene diversity. In addition, the ability of vineyard pruning waste compost, amended (GCTh) or not (GC) with T. harzianum, to suppress Fusarium wilt was evaluated. The addition of T. harzianum resulted in a high relative abundance of certain chitinolytic bacteria as well as in remarkable protection against Fusarium oxysporum comparable to that induced by compost GC. Moreover, variations in the abiotic characteristics of the media, such as pH, C, N and iron levels, were observed. Despite the lower diversity of chitinolytic bacteria found in GCTh, the high relative abundance of Streptomyces spp. may be involved in the suppressiveness of this growing media. The higher degree of compost suppressiveness achieved after the addition of T. harzianum may be due not only to its biocontrol ability, but also to changes promoted in both abiotic and biotic characteristics of the growing media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: jblaya@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Mondéjar
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lloret
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ros
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027843:Vitis; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D014866:Waste Products; D002688:Chitinases
keywords: Bacterial community; Biological control; Chitinolytic bacteria; Compost; F. oxysporum; T. harzianum