title: Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell isolation from tooth extraction sockets.
abstract: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (BMSCs) are commonly used in regeneration therapy. The current primary source of BMSCs is the iliac crest; however, the procedure is associated with various burdens on the patient, including the risk of pain and infection. Hence, the possibility to collect BMSCs from other, more accessible, sources would be an attractive approach. It is well known that stem cells migrate from surrounding tissues and play important roles in wound healing. We thus hypothesized that stem/progenitor cells could be isolated from granulation tissue in the dental socket, and we subsequently collected granulation tissue from dog dental socket 3 d after tooth extraction. After enzyme digestion of the collected tissue, the cells forming colonies constituted the dental socket-derived stem/progenitor cells (dDSCs). Next, dDSCs were compared with dog BMSCs (dBMSCs) for phenotype characterization. A flow cytometric analysis showed that dDSCs were positive for CD44, CD90, and CD271 but negative for CD34 and CD45, similar to dBMSCs. dDSCs also exhibited osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation ability, similar to dBMSCs, with a higher capacity for colony formation, proliferation, and motility than dBMSCs. In addition, an in vivo ectopic bone formation assay showed that dDSCs and dBMSCs both induced hard tissue formation, although only dDSCs formed a fibrous tissue-like structure connected to the newly formed bone. Finally, we tested the ability of dDSCs to regenerate periodontal tissue in a one-wall defect model. The defects in the dDSC-transplanted group (β-TCP/PGA/dDSCs) were regenerated with cementum-like and periodontal ligament-like tissues and alveolar bone, whereas only bony tissue was observed in the control group (β-TCP/PGA). In conclusion, we identified and characterized a population of stem/progenitor cells in granulation tissue obtained from the dental socket that exhibited several characteristics similar to those of BMSCs. Dental sockets could therefore be a novel source for isolating stem/progenitor cells from bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinkawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sonoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan kuboki@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuboki
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D025021:Cementogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens
keywords: bone marrow–derived stem cells; dental socket; dental tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells; granulation tissue; stem cells; wound healing