title: Validation of the LupusPRO in Chinese patients from Hong Kong with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  LupusPRO is a disease-targeted, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that was developed and validated for assessment of quality of life in US patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present results of adapting the LupusPRO into Chinese and testing its psychometric properties in Chinese patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  LupusPRO was translated into "traditional" Chinese, followed by pretesting among native Cantonese Chinese speakers. The translation version was revised based on the feedback obtained. The Chinese language LupusPRO tool was administered along with a generic PRO tool (the Short Form 36 health survey [SF-36]) to ethnic Chinese SLE patients. At the same time, demographic information, clinical data, disease activity (Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment [SELENA] version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index [SLEDAI]), and damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]) were obtained. We performed confirmatory factor analysis of the Chinese LupusPRO and evaluated internal consistency reliability, as well as convergent and criterion validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 463 SLE patients (95% women) with a mean ± SD age of 42.3 ± 13.5 years, the mean ± SD physician global assessment score was 0.48 ± 0.45, the mean ± SD SELENA-SLEDAI score was 2.9 ± 3.0, and the mean ± SD SDI score was 0.7 ± 1.2. Results of factor analysis conformed to the original LupusPRO model with only minor modifications. The reliability of the LupusPRO domains ranged from 0.60-0.94. LupusPRO domains had correlations as expected with the corresponding SF-36 domains. A significant but weak correlation with disease activity was noted for criterion validity as expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese language LupusPRO has fair psychometric properties and may be used in SLE clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Chi Chiu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosinski
authors.forename: Ling Yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kar Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Meenakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jolly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results