title: Black Currant Nectar Reduces Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following a Bout of High-Intensity Eccentric Contractions.
abstract: This investigation determined the efficacy of black currant nectar (BCN) in reducing symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Sixteen college students were randomly assigned to drink either 16 oz of BCN or a placebo (PLA) twice a day for eight consecutive days. A bout of eccentric knee extensions (3 × 10 sets @ 115% of 1RM) was performed on the fourth day. Outcome measures included muscle soreness (subjective scale from 0 to 10) and blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, CK), inflammation (interleukin-6, IL-6), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Although there were no differences in reported soreness between groups, consumption of BCN reduced CK levels at both 48 (PLA = 82.13% vs. BCN = -6.71%, p = .042) and 96 h post exercise (PLA = 74.96% vs. BCN = -12.11%, p = .030). The change in IL-6 was higher in the PLA group (PLA = 8.84% vs. BCN = -6.54%, p = .023) at 24 h post exercise. The change in ORAC levels was higher in the treatment group (BCN = 2.68% vs. PLA = -6.02%, p = .039) at 48 h post exercise. Our results demonstrate that consumption of BCN prior to and after a bout of eccentric exercise attenuates muscle damage and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: a 1 University of the Incarnate Word, School of Math, Science, & Engineering, Department of Biology, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.affiliation: b 2 University of the Incarnate Word, School of Nursing & Health Professions, Department of Athletic Training, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Emily B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Flieller
authors.affiliation: c 3 University of the Incarnate Word, School of Math, Science, & Engineering, Department of Nutrition, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Kimber J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: d 4 University of the Incarnate Word, School of Math, Science, & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Betsy D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Leverett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: anthocyanins; antioxidants; inflammation; muscle damage; oxidative damage