title: Neuromodulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: Neuromodulation techniques in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involve electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). This article reviews the available literature on the efficacy and applicability of these techniques in OCD. ECT is used for the treatment of comorbid depression or psychosis. One case report on tDCS showed no effects in OCD. Low-frequency TMS provides significant but mostly transient improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. DBS shows a response rate of 60% in open and sham-controlled studies. In OCD, it can be concluded that DBS, although more invasive, is the most efficacious technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Melisse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bais
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands; Neuromodulation & Behavior group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ddenys@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Damiaan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denys
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Deep brain stimulation (DBS); Efficacy; Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); Neuromodulation; Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); Review; Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS); Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)