title: Early inflammatory cytokine response: a direct comparison between spontaneous coronary plaque destabilization vs angioplasty induced.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare inflammatory response accompanying acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with that following coronary plaque rupture caused by coronary angioplasty (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven consecutive subjects with either ACS or treated with PCI in the subacute phase of ACS underwent serial evaluation of circulating interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α levels. Blood samples were drawn immediately before angioplasty (T0) in the PCI group or at admission in the ACS group, 12 h (T1) and 24 h later (T2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences between cytokine levels were substantially not statistically significant when comparing PCI, non-ST-elevation-ACS, and ST-elevation-ACS groups, especially 24 h after plaque rupture (T2, Type-II error 85-94%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory activation during the first 24 h of ACS or after PCI is comparable, regardless of myocardial damage in terms of troponin levels. Coronary plaque rupture may be presumed as being the main responsible for increased circulating cytokine levels in this early phase.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy. Electronic address: natale.brunetti@unifg.it.
authors.forename: Natale Daniele
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Correale
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 1, 70121 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Munno
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuculo
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Gennaro
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaglione
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Biase
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood*; D012421:Rupture / Q000097:blood; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007378:Interleukins; D014336:Troponin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Atherosclerosis; Coronary angioplasty; Coronary plaque; Cytokine; Inflammation; Interleukin; Myocardial infarction