title: Pharmacokinetics, antitumor and cardioprotective effects of liposome-encapsulated phenylaminoethyl selenide in human prostate cancer rodent models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiotoxicity associated with the use of doxorubicin (DOX), and other chemotherapeutics, limits their clinical potential. This study determined the pharmacokinetics and antitumor and cardioprotective activity of free and liposome encapsulated phenyl-2-aminoethyl-selenide (PAESe).
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics of free PAESe and PAESe encapsulated in liposomes (SSL-PAESe) were determined in rats using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. The antitumor and cardioprotective effects were determined in a mouse xenograft model of human prostate (PC-3) cancer and cardiomyocytes (H9C2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The encapsulation of PAESe in liposomes increased the circulation half-life and area under the drug concentration time profile, and decreased total systemic clearance significantly compared to free PAESe. Free- and SSL-PAESe improved survival, decreased weight-loss and prevented cardiac hypertrophy significantly in tumor bearing and healthy mice following treatment with DOX at 5 and 12.5 mg/kg. In vitro studies revealed PAESe treatment altered formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cardiac hypertrophy and gene expression, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide and myosin heavy chain complex beta, in H9C2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with free and SSL-PAESe exhibited antitumor activity in a prostate xenograft model and mitigated DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Jeong Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.forename: Shravanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouli
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aljuffali
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheil
authors.forename: Kendall
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waddey
authors.forename: Charlie D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: Sheldon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005021:Ethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008819:Mice, Nude; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005021:Ethylamines; D008081:Liposomes; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004317:Doxorubicin; C056035:phenyl-2-aminoethylselenide