title: The effect of high-level chlorine carcass drench on the recovery of Salmonella and enumeration of bacteria from broiler carcasses.
abstract: A study was conducted to determine the bacteriological effect of exposing processed broiler carcasses to a high (10-fold increase) concentration chlorinated drench. During each of 6 replicate trials, eviscerated prechill carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing plant and chlorine-treated carcasses were subjected to a 1-min drench in 500 mL of a 500 mg/kg chlorine solution (sodium hypochlorite). Water-drenched carcasses were treated the same way except water was used in place of chlorinated water drench. Control carcasses were not drenched. All carcasses were then subjected to a whole carcass rinse (WCR) in 450 mL of buffered peptone water, from which 50 mL of the rinsate was removed for enumeration of total aerobic bacteria (APC), Escherichia coli, and total coliforms (TC). The entire carcass was then incubated 24 h at 37°C (whole carcass enrichment, WCE) for recovery of Salmonella. Levels of bacteria recovered from WCR were lower by 0.6 log10 cfu/mL for APC, 0.8 for E. coli, and 0.9 for TC when carcasses were drenched with water compared with undrenched control levels. Similarly, the levels of bacteria recovered from WCR were further lower by 1.0 log10 cfu/mL for APC, 0.5 for E. coli, and 0.5 for TC, when carcasses were drenched with 500 mg/kg of chlorine compared with water. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence of Salmonella among the treatments (29% positive for control, 26% positive for water, 38% positive for chlorinated). These results indicate that drenching eviscerated carcasses with water or chlorinated water at 500 mg/kg significantly, but minimally, reduces the numbers of APC, E. coli, and TC bacteria recovered compared with undrenched carcasses. However, neither drenching carcasses with water or high chlorine had an effect on the prevalence of Salmonella that remain with the carcass as determined by WCE. The results of this study confirms the importance of maintaining and replenishing free chlorine for optimal antimicrobial activity, because chlorine at 500 mg/kg was rapidly used within 1 min of exposure to the carcass to <10 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602 Poultry Processing and Swine Physiology Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Bartenfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Poultry Processing and Swine Physiology Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Northcutt
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bourassa
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605 Jeff.Buhr@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002645:Chickens; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D014867:Water; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: Salmonella; broiler; carcass microbiology; chlorine