title: [Prognosis value of urine paraquat semi-quantitative in the patients with acute paraquat poisoning].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between semi-quantification of urine paraquat and the severity of acute paraquat poisoning, and to evaluate the prognostic value of the test in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 179 patients with acute paraquat poisoning were categorized into four groups according to their semi-quantification results of urine paraquat: +group (n = 36), ++group (n = 23), +++ group (n = 25), and ++++group (n = 95). The clinical features, severity of hepatic and renal injuries, respiratory failure, and clinical classification were compared between these four groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the survival rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 60-day mortality was 45.25% (81/179). The amount of ingestion increased significantly from +group to ++++group (P < 0.05). No patient in +group was found to have serious complications, while most patients in ++++group suffered organ dysfunction or even organ failure. The incidence of acute respiratory failure, renal failure, and hepatic failure in ++++group was significantly higher than that in +group, ++group, and +++group (P < 0.05). The urine paraquat concentration was positively correlated with the clinical severity of acute paraquat poisoning (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.720, P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the mortality of ++++group (73.7%) was significantly higher than that of +++group (40%), ++group (4.3%), and +group (0%) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The semi-quantification of urine paraquat is a promising test in evaluating the severity of acute paraquat poisoning. This test can be used to guide therapy and to predict the outcomes of patients suffering acute paraquat poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zunqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Dongxing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China. E-mail: sdliuys@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Xingguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Haishi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fengtong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010269:Paraquat / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine*; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010269:Paraquat