title: Theaflavins enhance intestinal barrier of Caco-2 Cell monolayers through the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1.
abstract: We investigated the effect of theaflavins (TFs) on membrane barrier of Caco-2 cells. For fluorescein-transport experiments, the apparent permeability (Papp) of fluorescein in Caco-2 cells pretreated with 20 μM TFs were significantly decreased compared with that in untreated cells. Although the respective monomeric catechins did not show any Papp reduction, purpurogallin pretreatment resulted in a significant Papp reduction similar to that of TF-3'-O-gallate (TF3'G) pretreatment. This indicates that the benzotropolone moiety may play a crucial role in the Papp reduction or tight junction (TJ)-closing effect induced by TFs. In TF-3'-O-gallate-pretreated Caco-2 cells, fluorescein transport was completely restored by compound C (AMPK inhibitor). In addition, TF3'G significantly increased both the mRNA and protein expression of TJ-related proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1) as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK. It was, thus, concluded that TFs could enhance intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of TJ-related proteins through the activation of AMPK in Caco-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Kyushu University , Fukuoka Japan.
authors.forename: Ha-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kunitake
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirasaki
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001567:Benzocycloheptenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D062445:Claudin-1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D062793:Occludin / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001567:Benzocycloheptenes; D044946:Biflavonoids; D062445:Claudin-1; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C569042:TJP1 protein, human; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; C056068:theaflavin; C088983:theaflavine gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002392:Catechin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C026133:purpurogallin; D019793:Fluorescein
keywords: AMPK; Caco-2 cell; paracellular transport; theaflavins; tight junction