title: Modulatory role of kolaviron in phenytoin-induced hepatic and testicular dysfunctions in Wistar rats.
abstract: Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant agent used for the treatment of epilepsy has been reported to exhibit toxic side effects on the liver and testes. The present study investigated the protective effects of kolaviron (KV, a bioflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds) against hepatic and testicular damage in rats exposed to phenytoin. The study consisted of four groups of six rats per group. Group I rats received 2 mL/kg of corn alone while group II received 75 mg/kg of phenytoin (PHT) alone. Groups III and IV were co-treated with kolaviron (200 mg/kg KV) and vitamin E (500 mg/kg VTE), respectively, for 14 days. The antioxidant status, hepatic and reproductive functional parameters were subsequently determined. PHT treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels along with significant reduction in the hepatic and testicular levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, PHT exposure elicited significant increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The significant reduction in seminal epithelium thickness and the diameter of seminiferous tubules was accompanied with marked decrease in sperm motility, sperm count, and viability in PHT-treated rats. However, antioxidant status and the functional indices of liver and testes were restored to near control levels in rats co-treated with KV and VTE. In conclusion, KV and VTE protect the liver and testes against functional impairment due to PHT treatment.
authors.affiliation: 1Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olatunde
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Owoeye
authors.forename: Isaac A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adedara
authors.forename: Oluwatobi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adeyemo
authors.forename: Oluwafemi S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Bakare
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Egun
authors.forename: Ebenezer O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010672:Phenytoin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; C045492:kolaviron
keywords: Kolaviron; Liver; Oxidative stress; Phenytoin; Testis; Vitamin E