title: Retinal angiomatous proliferation with chorioretinal anastomosis in childhood Coats disease: a reappraisal of macular fibrosis using multimodal imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the structural characteristics of retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis in childhood Coats disease and redefine the previously described macular fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational case series of consecutive patients with Coats disease examined over a 1-year study period. Multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, wide-field fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, was used to identify the features of macular retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis were present in 5 of 21 patients with Coats disease (24%). The lesions appeared as well demarcated, nodular retinal pigment epithelial detachments surrounded by exudate, with retinal vessels continuous with the underlying choroidal neovascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomoses are features observed in a number of children (24% in the present series) with Coats disease and macular involvement. This lesion represents a distinct macular variant of Coats disease that underlies at least a proportion (all in the present series) of the previously described "macular fibrosis" and "subretinal mounds."
authors.affiliation: *Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Rockville Center, New York; and †Division of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Charles Retina Institute, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sigler
authors.forename: Jorge I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Calzada
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001159:Arterio-Arterial Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D058456:Retinal Telangiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab