title: Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability.
abstract: As the largest container and resource of metals, sediment has a special role in the fate of metals. Factors influencing bioavailability of heavy metals in sediment have never been comprehensively considered and the sediment properties still fail to understand and even controversial. In this review, the mechanisms of sediment properties such as acid-volatile sulfides (AVS), organic matter, texture (clay, silt or sand) and geology, organism behaviors as well as those influencing the bioavailability of metals were analyzed. Under anoxic condition, AVS mainly reduce the solubility and toxicity of metals, while organic matters, Fe-Mn oxides, clay or silt can stabilize heavy metals in elevated oxidative-reductive potential (ORP). Other factors including the variation of pH, redox potential, aging as well as nutrition and the behavior of benthic organism in sediment also largely alter metals mobility and distribution. These factors are often inter-related, and various toxicity assessment methods used to evaluate the bioavailability of trace metals have been also discussed. Additionally, we expect that some novel synthetic materials like polysulfides, nano-materials, provide the substantial amendments for metals pollution in sediment.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China. Electronic address: zhangchang@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China. Electronic address: zgming@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-zhu
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Meng-ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Liu-qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D062070:Hydrology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D013440:Sulfides
keywords: Bioavailability; Heavy metals; Sediment geochemical properties; Toxicity assessment