title: Baseline distributions and sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments from the Prai and Malacca Rivers, Peninsular Malaysia.
abstract: In this study, the surface sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers were analyzed to identify the distributions, and sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total PAH concentrations varied from 716 to 1210 and 1102 to 7938 ng g(-1)dw in the sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers, respectively. The PAH concentrations can be classified as moderate and high level of pollution in the sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers, respectively. The comparison of PAHs with the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) indicates that the PAHs in the sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers may have the potential to cause adverse toxicity effects on the sampled ecosystems. The diagnostic ratios of individual PAHs indicate both petrogenic- and pyrogenic-origin PAHs with dominance of pyrogenic source in both rivers. These findings demonstrate that the environmental regulations in Malaysia have effectively reduced the input of petrogenic petroleum hydrocarbons into rivers.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mehrzad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshavarzifard
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mpauzi@upm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Mohamad Pauzi
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tan Shau
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hwai
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ferdius Ferdius Mohamat
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Yusuff
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shuhaimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Vahab
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaezzadeh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sami M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Magam
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Najat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sadeq A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alkhadher
authors.affiliation: Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abootalebi-Jahromi
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008296:Malaysia; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Malacca River; Malaysia; Pollution sources; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs); Prai River; Pyrogenic