title: Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity.
abstract: The endocannabinoid system is an important player in energy metabolism by regulating appetite, lipolysis, and energy expenditure. Chronic blockade of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) leads to long-term maintenance of weight loss and reduction of dyslipidemia in experimental and human obesity. The molecular mechanism by which CB1R blockade reverses dyslipidemia in obesity has not yet been clarified. In this study, we showed that CB1R blockade with the systemic CB1R blocker rimonabant enhanced whole-body energy expenditure and activated brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicated by increased expression of genes involved in BAT thermogenesis and decreased lipid droplet size in BAT. This was accompanied by selectively increased triglyceride (TG) uptake by BAT and lower plasma TG levels. Interestingly, the effects on BAT activation were still present at thermoneutrality and could be recapitulated by using the strictly peripheral CB1R antagonist AM6545, indicating direct peripheral activation of BAT. Indeed, CB1R blockade directly activated T37i brown adipocytes, resulting in enhanced uncoupled respiration, most likely via enhancing cAMP/PKA signaling via the adrenergic receptor pathway. Our data indicate that selective targeting of the peripheral CB1R in BAT has therapeutic potential in attenuating dyslipidemia and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands; m.r.boon@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Mariëtte R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kooijman
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Leonard R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pelgrom
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Jimmy F P
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Berbée
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Cheryl A R
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Visseren
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: van Aggele
authors.affiliation: TNO Biosciences, Leiden, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Anita M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van den Hoek
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Hetty C M
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sips
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lombès
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands; TNO Biosciences, Leiden, The Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Havekes
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases.
authors.forename: Jouke T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Tamsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, and Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guigas
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Onno C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology.
authors.forename: J Wouter
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jukema
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Patrick C N
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rensen
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077285:Rimonabant
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D000077285:Rimonabant
keywords: rimonabant; sympathetic nervous system; uncoupling protein 1