title: Optimization of pulsed electric field pre-treatments to enhance health-promoting glucosinolates in broccoli flowers and stalk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment variables (electric field strength and treatment time) on the glucosinolate content of broccoli flowers and stalks was evaluated. Samples were subjected to electric field strengths from 1 to 4 kV cm(-1) and treatment times from 50 to 1000 µs at 5 Hz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data fitted significantly (P < 0.0014) the proposed second-order response functions. The results showed that PEF combined treatment conditions of 4 kV cm(-1) for 525 and 1000 µs were optimal to maximize glucosinolate levels in broccoli flowers (ranging from 187.1 to 212.5%) and stalks (ranging from 110.6 to 203.0%) respectively. The predicted values from the developed quadratic polynomial equation were in close agreement with the actual experimental values, with low average mean deviations (E%) ranging from 0.59 to 8.80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of PEF processing at moderate conditions could be a suitable method to stimulate production of broccoli with high health-promoting glucosinolate content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.|IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, E-25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-1554
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aguiló-Aguayo
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University Rovira and Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.affiliation: IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, E-25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mohammad B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brunton
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lyng
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
authors.forename: Dilip K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rai
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005511:Food Handling; D057141:Food, Preserved / Q000032:analysis*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D007096:Imidoesters / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D056626:Inflorescence / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010091:Oximes; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D005961:Glucosinolates; D007096:Imidoesters; D007211:Indoles; D010091:Oximes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013454:Sulfoxides; C555404:neoglucobrassicin; C457341:glucoiberin; C048308:glucobrassicin; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022739:thioglucosidase; C119494:glucoraphanin
keywords: broccoli florets; broccoli stalk; glucosinolates; pulsed electric fields