title: A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Impact of Yoga and Physical Education on the Emotional and Behavioural Functioning of Middle School Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Yoga programs geared for school children have become more widespread, but research regarding its impact on children is lacking. Several studies have reported positive outcomes, though there is a need for more randomised controlled trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of yoga on children's emotional and behavioural functioning when compared with physical education (PE) classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty middle school children were randomised to participate in either a school-based Ashtanga-informed yoga or PE class three times a week for 12 weeks. Emotional (i.e. affect, self-perceptions) and behavioural (i.e. internalising and externalising problems, aggression) functioning were measured pre and post-intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes between groups in self-reported positive affect, global self-worth, aggression indices or parent reports of their children's externalising and internalising problems. However, negative affect increased for those children participating in yoga when compared to the PE program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, findings suggest that yoga and PE classes do not differentially impact on middle school children's emotional and behavioural functioning. However, children reported experiencing increased negative emotions after receiving yoga while children in the PE group reported a decrease in these feelings. Implications of these results and potential directions for future research on children's yoga are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Long Island University.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Haden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Long Island University.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Long Island University.
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagins
keywords: Children; Emotions; Psychology; RCT; Yoga