title: Tobacco exposure by various modes may alter proinflammatory (IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) levels and affects the survival of prostate carcinoma patients: an explorative study in North Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation is an important hallmark of all cancers and net inflammatory response is determined by a delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which may be affected by tobacco exposure, so the present study was designed to explore the effect of various modes of tobacco exposure on interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) inflammatory cytokine levels and survival in prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  285 cancer patients and equal controls with 94 BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) were recruited; baseline levels of serum IL-12 and IL-10 were measured and analyzed in various tobacco exposed groups by appropriate statistical tool. Five-year survivals of patients were analyzed by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test (graph pad version 5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of serum proinflammatory (IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was correlated with tobacco exposed group as smokers, chewers, and alcohol users have shown significantly higher levels (P < 0.001) with significantly lower median survivals (27.1 months, standard error = 2.86, and 95% CI: 21.4-32.62); than nonusers. Stages III and IV of tobacco addicted patients have also shown significantly increased levels of IL-12 and IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-12 and IL-10 seem to be affected by various modes of tobacco exposure and inflammation also affects median survival of cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India.
authors.forename: Shailendra
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2781-1009
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
authors.forename: Apul
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5813-3012
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khattri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
authors.forename: Kamlesh Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12