title: Efficacy of surgical resection for pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lung is one of the most common sites for extrahepatic metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of surgical resection for pulmonary metastases from HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 9 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy from HCC at 2 institutions were retrospectively studied, together with a review of studies reporting the outcomes of at least 5 patients in the Chinese and English languages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no perioperative deaths or major complications. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rate after surgery was 100%, 44.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. A total of 19 studies involving 443 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for metastasis of HCC were included in the literature review. The median mortality rate was 0% (range, 0-7.1%). The median survival ranged from 10.7 to 77 (median=33.2) months, and the 5-year overall survival rate ranged from 11.5% to 75% (median=36%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical resection is a safe and effective treatment in selected patients with pulmonary metastases from HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatovascular Surgery, Oncologic Center of Xiamen, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 101th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuxi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatovascular Surgery, Oncologic Center of Xiamen, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiao-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatovascular Surgery, Oncologic Center of Xiamen, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Lu-Peng
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatovascular Surgery, Oncologic Center of Xiamen, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Jia-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome