title: Venous thromboembolism risk factors in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Certain clinicopathological factors contribute to the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung cancer. The aim of the current study was to assess the incidence of and the potential risk factors associated with the development of VTE in Chinese lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with lung cancer in our center were screened for VTE from January 2004 to July 2013. One VTE case was matched with two controls according to gender, pathology, clinical stage, and anticancer therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 4,726 patient records screened, 61 (1.3 %) VTE cases with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were identified, including 58 (95.1 %) with adenocarcinoma and 59 (96.7 %) with advanced stage tumors (IIIb and IV). Serous effusion (OR 2.089, 95 % CI 1.022-4.270, P = 0.043), fever (OR 8.999, 95 % CI 1.688-47.968, P = 0.010), increased leukocytes (OR 4.136, 95 % CI 1.957-8.738, P < 0.001), hyponatremia (< 130 mmol/L, OR 5.335, 95 % CI 1.366-20.833, P = 0.016), and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 3.879, 95 % CI 1.514-9.936, P = 0.005) were associated with an increased risk of VTE. Patients with poor performance status (PS) (≥ 2 vs. < 1) (HR 1.574, 95 % CI 1.112-2.228, P = 0.010) and serous effusion (HR 1.571, 95% CI 1.114-2.215, P = 0.010) tended to have a poor prognosis. There was no difference in overall survival between VTE (median 15.2 months, 95 % CI 11.6-18.9) and control patients (median 16.3 months, 95 % CI 14.1-18.4, P = 0.184; HR 1.273, 95 % CI 0.890-1.820, P = 0.185).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical characteristics such as serous effusion, fever, increased leukocytes, hyponatremia, and increased ALT are potential risk factors for VTE in NSCLC. Poor PS and serous effusion imply poor prognosis for NSCLC patients, most of which have adenocarcinomas and advanced stage.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jin-Ji
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin-Chao
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chong-Rui
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ben-Yuan
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yi-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*