title: Content variations of triterpenic acid, nucleoside, nucleobase, and sugar in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) fruit during ripening.
abstract: Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) fruit is widely consumed as food and traditional Chinese medicine in Asian countries due to its potential effects for human health. To facilitate selection of the maturity stage providing optimum health benefits, jujube fruits were analysed at six stages of growth (S1-6) for triterpenic acids, nucleosides, nucleobases, and sugars by UHPLC-MS/MS or HPLC-ELSD methods. The content levels of most triterpenic acids and sugars increased with ripening, and reached the highest at S5 and S6, respectively. The accumulation of the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) was mainly in the later stage of ripening (S5-6). Therefore, if taking triterpenic acids as the major quality indicator, S5 should be the ideal time to harvest jujube fruit, and the full ripen stage (S6) maybe the best choice when taking sugars and cyclic nucleotides as the most important components.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: dja@njutcm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-Ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Shulan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
authors.forename: Hanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yunan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D009705:Nucleosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes
keywords: Accumulation of the active compounds; Nucleoside; Ripening stage; Sugar; Suitable harvest time; Triterpenic acid; Ziziphus jujuba