title: An invitro evaluation of antibacterial properties of self etching dental adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The microbial flora of the oral cavity is extremely diverse. Residual bacteria in the oral cavity may remain at the tooth restoration interface and increase the risk of developing recurrent caries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immediate and long term antibacterial effect of polymerised self etching adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptococcus mutans were used as a test organism. The self etching dental adhesives that were used are Adper Easy One, G-Bond, Clearfil S3 bond and Xeno V. Agar diffusion test (ADT) was performed on agar plates, in which four holes that were 4mm in diameter were punched. Then 200 μL of freshly grown S.mutans spread evenly. The four holes were immediately filled with the four tested materials and light polymerised them using a light curing unit. The agar plates were incubated for 72h at 37°C. For the direct contact test (DCT), the bonding agents were placed on the side walls of microtiter plate wells and light polymerized according to the manufacturer's instructions. A 10μL bacterial suspension was placed on the tested material samples. Bacteria were allowed to directly contact the polymerized dental adhesives for 1h at 37(o)C. Fresh Brain heart infusion broth was then added. The bacterial growth was then spectrophotometrically measured in the wells every 30 min for 16h for 1,2, 7 and 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ADT, inhibitory halos were found around all the bonding agents, with greater inhibition halo seen around Xeno V after incubating for 72 h at 37°C. The readings obtained through DCT were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons tests, which showed no bacterial growth on fresh samples and after aging for one day in PBS with self etching adhesives. RESULTS of DCT after aging for 2 days, 7 days and 14 days showed bacterial growth in all the bonding agents used with no significant difference from the control group.(p<0.001) CONCLUSION: All the dental adhesives showed antibacterial properties immediately and one day after polymerization but none of the self-etching adhesives had long-lasting antibacterial properties.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Saraswathi Danwanthri Dental College and Hospital , Pathri Road, NH -222, Parbhani, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Rama Krishnam Raju
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Penmetsa
authors.affiliation: Professor, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital , Hosur Road, Bommanahalli, Bengaluru, India .
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rekha A
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Saraswathi Danwanthri Dental College and Hospital , Pathri Road, NH -222, Parbhani, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Krishna Chaitanya
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Poppuri
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Saraswathi Danwanthri Dental College and Hospital , Pathri Road, NH -222, Parbhani, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prashanth P
authors.affiliation: Reader, Saraswathi Danwanthri Dental College and Hospital , Pathri Road, NH -222, Parbhani, Maharastra, India .
authors.forename: Surendranath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garapati
keywords: Antibacterial agents; Dental adhesives; Streptococcus mutans