title: Prophylactic balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries for the management of suspected placenta accreta/percreta: conclusions from a short case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of women with abnormally invasive placenta remains one of the most challenging aspects of obstetric care. Various surgical and interventional radiological techniques have been developed to limit the risk of massive haemorrhage at caesarean section. Here we describe our experience with three such cases that required caesarean hysterectomy and were managed with prophylactic balloon catheterisation of the common iliac arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The details of three cases that received prophylactic balloon catheterisation of the common iliac arteries for the surgical management of placenta accreta/percreta are presented. Observational conclusions from these cases as well as a review of the relevant literature are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our three cases required caesarean hysterectomy for suspected placenta accreta/percreta. The mean estimated blood loss was 3,333 ml. In one of the cases, we observed notable reduction in blood loss during occlusion of the common iliac arteries, as the balloons were deflated every 5 min to avoid lower limb ischemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cases presented here, and also our literature review, suggest that occlusion of the common iliac arteries appears to be more effective than, and as safe as the occlusion of the internal iliac arteries. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential risks and employ measures to prevent them. Further research is required to investigate the optimum length of occlusion and balance between reducing blood loss and risking ischemia of the limbs when occluding the common iliac arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, CH49 5 PE, UK, billminas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minas
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mwenenchanya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D007083:Iliac Artery; D010921:Placenta Accreta / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy