title: Engineering venom's toxin-neutralizing antibody fragments and its therapeutic potential.
abstract: Serum therapy remains the only specific treatment against envenoming, but anti-venoms are still prepared by fragmentation of polyclonal antibodies isolated from hyper-immunized horse serum. Most of these anti-venoms are considered to be efficient, but their production is tedious, and their use may be associated with adverse effects. Recombinant antibodies and smaller functional units are now emerging as credible alternatives and constitute a source of still unexploited biomolecules capable of neutralizing venoms. This review will be a walk through the technologies that have recently been applied leading to novel antibody formats with better properties in terms of homogeneity, specific activity and possible safety.
authors.affiliation: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR MNHN-CNRS 7245, 12 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. lmalvarenga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Larissa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.affiliation: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR MNHN-CNRS 7245, 12 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. zahid@mnhn.fr.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahid
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours-INRA, UMR 1282, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours Cedex, France. anne.ditommaso@univ-tours.fr.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: di  Tommaso
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours-INRA, UMR 1282, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours Cedex, France. matthieu.juste@univ-tours.fr.
authors.forename: Matthieu O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Juste
authors.affiliation: Université de Tours-INRA, UMR 1282, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours Cedex, France. aubrey@univ-tours.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aubrey
authors.affiliation: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR MNHN-CNRS 7245, 12 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. billiald@mnhn.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Billiald
authors.affiliation: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR MNHN-CNRS 7245, 12 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. jmuzard@lbl.gov.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muzard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000997:Antivenins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000997:Antivenins; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014688:Venoms