title: Production of butanol by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 from palm kernel cake in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation using an empirical model.
abstract: Palm kernel cake (PKC) was used for biobutanol production by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. PKC was subjected to acid hydrolysis pretreatment and hydrolysates released were detoxified by XAD-4 resin. The effect of pH, temperature and inoculum size on butanol production was evaluated using an empirical model. Twenty ABE fermentations were run according to an experimental design. Experimental results revealed that XAD-4 resin removed 50% furfural and 77.42% hydroxymethyl furfural. The analysis of the empirical model showed that linear effect of inoculums size with quadratic effect of pH and inoculum size influenced butanol production at 99% probability level (P<0.01). The optimum conditions for butanol production were pH 6.28, temperature of 28°C and inoculum size of 15.9%. ABE fermentation was carried out under optimum conditions which 0.1g/L butanol was obtained. Butanol production was enhanced by diluting PKC hydrolysate up to 70% in which 3.59g/L butanol was produced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. Electronic address: ieza_72@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hafiza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shukor
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: nag_nas2001@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Najeeb Kaid Nasser
authors.initials: NKN
authors.lastname: Al-Shorgani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: peyman_137@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abdeshahian
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aidil Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anuar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norliza Abd
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mskpmn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohd Sahaid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kalil
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000378:metabolism; D056804:Biofuels; D000440:Butanols / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D000440:Butanols; D010938:Plant Oils; D014866:Waste Products; C036909:lignocellulose; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D000073878:Palm Oil; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Acid pretreatment; Butanol production; Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4; Empirical model; Palm kernel cake