title: Extraction techniques for arsenic species in rice flour and their speciation by HPLC-ICP-MS.
abstract: The extraction of arsenic (As) species present in rice flour samples was investigated using different extracting solvents, and the concentration of each species was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS after heat-assisted extraction. The extraction efficiencies for total arsenic species and especially for arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] were investigated. As(III), As(V) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) were found in the samples, and the concentration of DMAA did not vary with treatment conditions. However, the concentrations of extracted total arsenic and those of As(III) and As(V) depended on the extracting solvents. When an extracting solvent was highly acidic, the concentrations of extracted total arsenic were in good agreement with the total arsenic concentration determined by ICP-MS after microwave-assisted digestion, though a part of the As(V) was reduced to As(III) during the highly acidic extraction process. Extraction under neutral conditions increased the extracted As(V), but extracted total arsenic was decreased because a part of the As(III) could not be extracted. Optimum conditions for the extraction of As(III) and As(V) from rice flour samples are discussed to allow the accurate determinations of As(III), As(V) and DMAA in the rice flour samples. Heat block extraction techniques using 0.05 mol L(-1) HClO4 and silver-containing 0.15 mol L(-1) HNO3 were also developed.
authors.affiliation: National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan. Electronic address: tomohiro-narukawa@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narukawa
authors.affiliation: National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiharu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hioki
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic species; Extraction conditions; HPLC–ICP-MS; Inorganic arsenic; Rice flour; Speciation analysis