title: Osteoconductive Potential of Mesoporous Titania Implant Surfaces Loaded with Magnesium: An Experimental Study in the Rabbit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesoporous coatings enable incorporation of functional substances and sustainedly release them at the implant site. One bioactive substance that can be incorporated in mesoporous is magnesium, which is strongly involved in bone metabolism and in osteoblast interaction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of magnesium into mesoporous coatings of oral implants on early stages of osseointegration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium implants were coated with thin films of mesoporous TiO2 having pore diameters of 6 nm and were loaded with magnesium. The implant surfaces were extensively characterized by means of interferometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy and then placed in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. After 3 weeks of healing, osseointegration was evaluated by means of removal torque testing and histology and histomorphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological and biomechanical analyses revealed no side effects and successful osseointegration of the implants. The biomechanical evaluation evidenced a significant effect of magnesium doping on strengthening the implant-bone interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A local release of magnesium from the implant surfaces enhances implant retention at the early stage of healing (3 weeks after implantation), which is highly desirable for early loading of the implant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Applied Surface Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: Applied Surface Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Wenxiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Applied Surface Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007368:Interferometry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: local drug delivery; magnesium; mesoporous titania; nanoporosity; osseointegration; titanium implants