title: The use of biomarkers for the etiologic diagnosis of MCI in Europe: an EADC survey.
abstract: We investigated the use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium centers and assessed their perceived usefulness for the etiologic diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We surveyed availability, frequency of use, and confidence in diagnostic usefulness of markers of brain amyloidosis (amyloid positron emission tomography [PET], cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42) and neurodegeneration (medial temporal atrophy [MTA] on MR, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [FDG-PET], CSF tau). The most frequently used biomarker is visually rated MTA (75% of the 37 responders reported using it "always/frequently") followed by CSF markers (22%), FDG-PET (16%), and amyloid-PET (3%). Only 45% of responders perceive MTA as contributing to diagnostic confidence, where the contribution was rated as "moderate". Seventy-nine percent of responders felt "very/extremely" comfortable delivering a diagnosis of MCI due to AD when both amyloid and neuronal injury biomarkers were abnormal (P < .02 versus any individual biomarker). Responders largely agreed that a combination of amyloidosis and neuronal injury biomarkers was a strongly indicative AD signature.
authors.affiliation: LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bocchetta
authors.affiliation: LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.affiliation: Dementia Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick Gavin
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kehoe
authors.affiliation: Servicio Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguera
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontological, Geriatric and Psychiatric Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabei
authors.affiliation: Victoria Centre, Swindon, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone and INSERM U1106, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceccaldi
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux CMRR, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dartigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, Inst of Molecular Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone and INSERM U1106, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Didic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksdotter
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone and INSERM U1106, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Félician
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische, Gesundheit Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann-Josef
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gertz
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, Univ Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallikainen
authors.affiliation: Memory Disorders Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hasselbalch
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische, Gesundheit Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Lucrezia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hausner
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heuser
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.affiliation: RICE - The Research Institute for the Care of Older People, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Roy W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Psychiatrische Klinik, Munchen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.affiliation: Mercer's Institue for Research on Ageing, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lawlor
authors.affiliation: Memory Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Santa Creu i, Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lleo
authors.affiliation: Fundacion CITA-Alzheimer Fundazioa, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lage
authors.affiliation: Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mecocci
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Univ Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrabian
authors.affiliation: Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monsch
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, Dept of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel Olde
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Rikkert
authors.affiliation: Bordeaux CMRR, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Orgogozo
authors.affiliation: CHU de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasquier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Université de Liège, Cyclotron Research Centre, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Castellano
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Neurologie de la Mémoire et du Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarazin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Univ Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Latchezar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Traykov
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsolaki
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Centre, Vrije Univ Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Alzheimer centre Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter Jelle
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Memory Clinic Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åsa K
authors.initials: ÅK
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilcock
authors.affiliation: Memory Assessment and Research Centre MARC, Moorgreen Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry Research, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Henrike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Görsev
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yener
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zekry
authors.affiliation: LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie du Vieillissement (LANVIE), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: giovanni.frisoni@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Frisoni
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005060:Europe; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D020407:Internet; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Diagnosis; Mild cognitive impairment