title: Altered gene transcription in human cells treated with Ludox® silica nanoparticles.
abstract: Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have found extensive applications in industrial manufacturing, biomedical and biotechnological fields. Therefore, the increasing exposure to such ultrafine particles requires studies to characterize their potential cytotoxic effects in order to provide exhaustive information to assess the impact of nanomaterials on human health. The understanding of the biological processes involved in the development and maintenance of a variety of pathologies is improved by genome-wide approaches, and in this context, gene set analysis has emerged as a fundamental tool for the interpretation of the results. In this work we show how the use of a combination of gene-by-gene and gene set analyses can enhance the interpretation of results of in vitro treatment of A549 cells with Ludox® colloidal amorphous silica nanoparticles. By gene-by-gene and gene set analyses, we evidenced a specific cell response in relation to NPs size and elapsed time after treatment, with the smaller NPs (SM30) having higher impact on inflammatory and apoptosis processes than the bigger ones. Apoptotic process appeared to be activated by the up-regulation of the initiator genes TNFa and IL1b and by ATM. Moreover, our analyses evidenced that cell treatment with LudoxÒ silica nanoparticles activated the matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP1, MMP10 and MMP9. The information derived from this study can be informative about the cytotoxicity of Ludox® and other similar colloidal amorphous silica NPs prepared by solution processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. caterina.fede@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fede
authors.affiliation: Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative-CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35121, Italy. caterina@cribi.unipd.it.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Millino
authors.affiliation: Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative-CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35121, Italy. benny@cribi.unipd.it.
authors.forename: Beniamina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pacchioni
authors.affiliation: Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative-CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova 35121, Italy. bcelegato@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Celegato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. chiara.compagnin@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Compagnin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. paolo.martini@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. francesco.selvestrel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Selvestrel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. fabrizio.mancin@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. lucia.celotti@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Celotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. gerolamo.lanfranchi@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Gerolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanfranchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. maddalena.mognato@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mognato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova 35121, Italy. stefano.cagnin@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cagnin
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide