title: Non-radiographic intraoperative fluorescent cholangiography is feasible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative fluorescent cholangiography (IFC) with concomitant fluorescent angiography was recently developed for non-invasive identification of the anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The objective of this study was to assess the time required for routine-use of IFC and to evaluate the success rate of the procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and operated by the same surgeon were consecutively enrolled. A standardised protocol with IFC including angiography was performed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative time and exposure of predefined anatomical structures were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median time used for IFC was 2.6 minutes (range: 1.5-11.4 minutes) corresponding to a median of 6.2% (range: 3.0-15.2%) of the operation time. The junction between the cystic duct, the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct was identified by IFC in all patients. In 29 of the 35 patients (83%; 95% confidence interval: 71-96%), the cystic artery was visualised by fluorescent angiography. No adverse effects or complications were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine-use of IFC with fluorescent angiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and associated with an acceptable time expenditure and a satisfactory success-rate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Not relevant.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Regional Ethics Committee approved the study (J. No. H-3-2013-FSP45). The study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT02136095).
authors.affiliation: Kirurgisk Sektion, Gastroenheden, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. ssl@dadlnet.dk.
authors.forename: Søren S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Thue
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bisgaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003135:Common Bile Duct; D003549:Cystic Duct; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green