title: Processing classifier-noun agreement in a long distance: an ERP study on Mandarin Chinese.
abstract: The classifier system categorizes nouns on a semantic basis. By inserting an object-gap relative clause (RC) between a classifier and its associate noun, we examined how temporary classifier-noun semantic incongruity and long-distance classifier-noun dependency are processed. Instead of a typical N400 effect, a midline anterior negativity was elicited by the temporary semantic incongruity, suggesting that the anticipation of coming words influences semantic processing and that metacognitive processes are involved in resolving the conflict. The lack of reduced P600 effects at the RC marker suggests that classifier-noun mismatch may not be effective in RC prediction. The N400 observed at the head noun suggests that the parser retains the temporary incongruity in the memory and computes the classifier-noun semantic agreement over a long distance. In addition, both successful and unsuccessful long-distance integration elicited P600 effects, supporting the view that P600 indexes more than just syntactic processing. Detailed discussion and implications are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Electronic address: cchsu@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Language and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Linguistics & Translation, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chin-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese as a Second Language, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jenn-Yeu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People; D032882:Comprehension; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D012660:Semantics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Classifiers; ERPs; Long-distance dependency; Mandarin Chinese; N400; P600; Relative clauses; Semantic incongruity