title: [Effects and related mechanism of retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene on atherosclerosis progression in diabetic apoE(-/-) mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene on atherosclerosis and the potential mechanism in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight C57BL/6 mice served as control, 46 apoE(-/-) mice were randomized into 4 groups: apoE(-/-) group (n = 10), STZ+apoE(-/-) group (n = 12), STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex 10 (10 mg×kg⁻¹×d⁻¹)group (n = 12), STZ+ apoE(-/-)+Bex 30 (30 mg×kg⁻¹×d⁻¹) group (n = 12). Diabetic apoE(-/-) animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method. Patch area in thoracic aorta was measured by HE staining. Western blotting was used to determine the RXR and gp91(phox) protein level in thoracic aorta. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in blood and thoracic aorta homogenates was detected by Fenton and Griess method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Patch areas of thoracic aorta were larger in apoE(-/-) group than in C57BL/6 group [(38.40 ± 8.95)µm² vs. (0.10 ± 0.01) µm², P < 0.01], further increased in STZ+apoE(-/-) group [(94.06 ± 8.04)µm², P < 0.05 vs. apoE(-/-) group] and significantly reduced in STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex 10 group [(78.72 ± 4.62)µm², P < 0.05 vs. STZ+apoE(-/-) group] and further educed in STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex 30 group [(46.13 ± 7.56)µm², P < 0.05 vs. STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex 10 group]. (2) Blood glucose level, TG, TC, LDL-C, thoracic aorta gp91(phox) protein level and ROS level in blood and thoracic aorta homogenates were significantly higher in STZ+apoE(-/-) group than in apoE(-/-) group (all P < 0.05). Blood glucose level and TG, TC, LDL-C levels were similar between STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex10 and STZ+apoE(-/-) group. Thoracic aorta gp91(phox) protein level and ROS level in blood and thoracic aorta homogenates were lower in STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex 10 group than in STZ+apoE(-/-) group (P < 0.05). Blood glucose level, TG, TC, LDL-C levels, gp91(phox) expression in thoracic aorta, ROS level in blood and thoracic in STZ+apoE(-/-)+Bex 30 group were lower than in STZ+apoE(-/-) group (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bexarotene treatment could attenuate arteriosclerosis progression in STZ induced diabetic apoE(-/-) mice, the underlying mechanism might be related to suppressing oxidative stress and decreasing blood glucose level and improving lipids metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ruobing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Email: caidajun@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Dajun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Jinxiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077610:Bexarotene; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001786:Blood Glucose; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D000077610:Bexarotene