title: Hierarchical structure and cytocompatibility of fish scales from Carassius auratus.
abstract: To study the structure and the cytocompatibility of fish scales from Carassius auratus, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of fish scales treated with different processing methods. Based on varying morphologies and components, the fish scales can be divided into three regions on the surface and three layers in vertical. The functions of these three individual layers were analyzed. SEM results show that the primary inorganic components are spherical or cubic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. The fish scales have an ~60° overlapped plywood structure of lamellas in the fibrillary plate. The plywood structure consists of co-aligned type I collagen fibers, which are parallel to the HA lamellas. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicate that the main components are HA and type I collagen fibers. MC3T3-E1 cell culture results show a high cytocompatibility and the ability to guide cell proliferation and migration along the scale ridge channels of the fish scales. This plywood structure provides inspiration for a structure-enhanced composite material.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: biomater@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz 55099, Germany.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kienzle
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz 55099, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner E G
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D006054:Goldfish; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: Carassius auratus; Cytocompatibility; Fish scale; Hierarchical structure