title: Study of the association between the incidences of congenital anomalies and hydrocephalus in Sudanese fetuses.
abstract: This study was designed with an aim to detect the congenital anomalies appear to be linked to and in conjunction with hydrocephalus fetuses in Sudan, when ultrasound is used to exam fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. This prospective cohort study was performed from December 2011 to December 2013, in a group consists of 5000 single gestation pregnant Sudanese women. In all cases, maternal ages were 35 years up to 48 years; mean age of 42.5 years. Pelvic; obstetric ultrasound scanning protocol used should meet the standards established by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) for scanning in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. Diagnosed hydrocephalus cases (0.4%) were found to be associated with other fetal anomalies as aqueduct stenosis (45%), spina bifida (30%), Arnold-Chiari malformation (20%) and Dandy-Walker malformation (5%). The incidence of congenital anomalies and hydrocephalus in Sudanese fetuses showed considerable variation among different regions of Sudan. Hydrocephalus is associated with certain congenital anomalies. In agreement with previous studies, hydrocephalus is predominantly in male rather than female fetuses. The prevalence of fetal anomalies and hydrocephalus are within previously reported ranges.
authors.affiliation: Salman bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Al-Kharj- Saudi Arabia. & Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Medical Radiological Sciences, Basic Sciences Department, Khartoum- Sudan.. m.alhassen@sau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mustafa Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Hussien A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Dinar
authors.forename: Alsafi A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdulla
authors.forename: Esameldeen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Babikir
authors.forename: Abdelmoneim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulieman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal