title: Evalution of antiurolithic activity of alcoholic extract of roots of cissampelos pareira in albino rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In ayurvedic system of medicine a vast number of medicinal plants are reported to possess with antiurolithic activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the antiurolithic activity of alcoholic extract of roots of Cissampelos pareira (AERCP) in chemicals induced urolithiasis in albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine Groups of albino rats (n=6) were used to evaluate the antiurolithic activity of alcoholic extract of roots of C.Pareira. Group I received with rat chow diet, Group II with 2% Ammonium chloride (AC) and 0.75% Ethylene glycol (EG) Group III with EG plus AC and cystone (5 ml/kg), Groups IV, V, VI with low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg), and high (400 mg/kg) doses of root extract, Groups VII, VIII, IX with EG plus AC and low (100 mg/kg), medium (200 mg/kg), and high (400 mg/kg) doses of root extract respectively for 10 days. Urolithiasis was induced by supplying drinking water mixed with 2% Ammonium chloride and 0.75% Ethylene glycol for 10 days. On 11th day three rats from each Group were kept in one metabolic cage and urine (pooled) collected for 24h was subjected for estimation of biochemical parameters like urinary calcium, uric acid and magnesium. Blood was collected on the same day and analysed for various parameters. Kidneys were observed for the histopathological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats treated with alcoholic extract of roots of C. pareira at 03 different doses significantly (p≤ 0.05) reduced urinary calcium, uric acid and increased urinary magnesium levels, reduced serum calcium, creatinine and increased serum magnesium. Rats treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses revealed less tissue damage and the cytology of the nephrotic tissue was almost similar to normal control Group I rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS showed that alcoholic extract of roots of C. pareira has exhibited a significant antiurolithic effect against urolithiasis in experimental rats.
authors.affiliation: Ph.D Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, KIMS University , Karad, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Suresh Babu
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sayana
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmacology, KIMS University , Karad, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Chitra C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Khanwelkar
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmacology, VL College of Pharmacy , Raichur, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Venkat Rao
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Nimmagadda
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmacology, RIMS , Raichur, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Vasant R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Chavan
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, RIMS , Raichur, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bh
authors.affiliation: Tutor, Department of Biochemistry, RIMS , Raichur, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Naveen Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: S
keywords: Ammonium chloride; Ethylene glycol; Urolithiasis