title: YY-39, a tick anti-thrombosis peptide containing RGD domain.
abstract: Ticks are obligatory blood feeding ectoparasites, which continuously attach to their hosts for 1-2 weeks. There are many biologically active compounds in tick salivary glands interfering host haemostatic system and to successfully obtain blood meal. Several platelet aggregation inhibitors have been identified from ticks. A family of conserved peptides, which were identified from transcriptome analysis of many tick salivary glands, were found to contain unique primary structure including predicted mature peptides of 39-47 amino acid residues in length and a Pro/Glu(P/E)-Pro/His(P/H)-Lys-Gly-Asp(RGD) domain. Given their unique structure and RGD domain, they are considered a novel family of disintegrins that inhibit platelet aggregation. One of them (YY-39) was tested for its effects on platelets and thrombosis in vivo. YY-39 was found effectively to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Furthermore, YY-39 blocked platelet adhesion to soluble collagen and bound to purified GPIIb/IIIa in a dose-dependent manner. In in vivo experiments, YY-39 reduced thrombus weight effectively in a rat arteriovenous shunt model and inhibited thrombosis in a carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis model. Combined with their prevalence in ticks and platelet inhibitory functions, this family of peptides might be conserved tick anti-haemostatic molecules.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yaqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xuewei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiuwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: rlai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China. Electronic address: zhangzhiye5225@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C000605379:YY-39 peptide, Ixodes scapularis; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
keywords: Anti-thrombosis; Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa; Platelet inhibitor; Salivary gland; Tick