title: Risk factors of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces are different in various brain regions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have reported on the risk factors of dilated Virchow-Robin Spaces (dVRS) in large samples of ischemic stroke patients. Little evidence exists regarding the relationship between dVRS and etiologic subtype of ischemic stroke or lacune. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the severity of dVRS in a large sample of ischemic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We consecutively enrolled 1,090 patients who experienced an ischemic stroke within the past seven days and underwent a 3.0 T MRI scan in the Chinese IntraCranial AtheroSclerosis Study (ICAS). Clinical data and cranial MRI information of patients included age, sex, vascular risk factors, dVRS, leukoaraiosis, lacune, and etiologic subtype of ischemic stroke. Analyses were performed regarding the risk factors associated with the severity of dVRS by univariate analysis and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, age, the severity of leukoaraiosis, lacune, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤3, and the severity of dVRS in the white matter (WM) and hippocampus (Hip) were correlated with the severity of dVRS in basal ganglia (BG); male, history of hypertension, admission NIHSS ≤3, and the severity of dVRS in BG and Hip were correlated with the severity of dVRS in WM; female, the severity of leukoaraiosis, admission NIHSS >3, small artery occlusion subtype of ischemic stroke, and the severity of dVRS in BG and WM were correlated with the severity of dVRS in Hip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  dVRS is an indicator of cerebral small vessel diseases such as leukoaraiosis and lacune. However, the risk factors of dVRS differ in various brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qidong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yilong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xingquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wanliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuesong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zixiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ka Sing
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003560:Cysts / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology