title: Review of 40-year MD theses in medical oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is almost 40 years since the foundation of the Medical Oncology (MO) Department. We aimed to appraise the clinical research to fulfill the Medical Doctorate (MD) degree in MO at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University (NCI, CU).
  
  
  METHODS
  This review included 62 MD theses containing 66 studies. They were reviewed regarding aims, type of study, clinical trial phase, design and methodology, statistical tests, results, limitations, consent and IRB approval. Theses were grouped into 3 periods: 1970-1989, 1990-1999 and 2000-2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 76% of the studies were interventional and 24% were observational. Informed consent and Institutional Review Board approval were mentioned in 18 and 2 studies, respectively. While all studies mentioned the aims, none, clearly mentioned the research question. Outcomes were mainly efficacy followed by safety. Study design was inadequately considered, especially in 70's-80's period (p=0.038). Median sample size and study duration were almost stable through the three periods (p=0.441, 0.354, respectively). Most of the studies used both descriptive and analytical statistical methods. In a descending order, researched cancers were lymphoma, breast, leukemia, liver, urinary bladder, lung and colorectal. The commonest stages researched were IV and III. The number of studies focused on assessing biomarkers, biomarkers plus drugs/procedures, drugs and procedures are 20, 20, 16 and 6, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With time, research within MD theses in MO increased quantitatively and qualitatively. Improvements were noticeable in documentation of study design.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeeneldin
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address: amiradd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diyaa
authors.affiliation: Biostatistic and Epidemiology Departments, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Manar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moneer
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mosaad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elgammal
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buhoush
mesh_terms: D004212:Academic Dissertations as Topic / Q000266:history; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D004534:Egypt; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D014495:Universities
keywords: Clinical trials; MD theses; Medical Oncology Department; National Cancer Institute, Cairo University; Study design