title: Endoscopic injection of autologous blood versus diluted epinephrine for control of actively bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers: a randomized-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A preliminary report showed that autologous blood is an effective and easily applicable technique that can control actively bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers. The aim of this study was to test whether an endoscopic injection of autologous blood is comparable to an endoscopic injection of diluted epinephrine in controlling bleeding from gastroduodenal ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 patients with actively bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers were assigned randomly to either an autologous blood injection (group A, n=50) or a diluted epinephrine injection (group B, n=50) along the edges of the ulcers. Groups were compared for rates of initial hemostasis, rebleeding, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients initially achieved hemostasis (100%). Rebleeding occurred in four patients from group A (8%) and five patients from group B (10%). Two patients in group B developed cardiovascular complications (arrhythmia and ischemic heart attack), whereas none in group A developed complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous blood is effective, comparable to diluted epinephrine in achieving initial hemostasis from actively bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers, associated with an 8% rebleeding rate, and led to no complications.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Emara
authors.forename: Ehab M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Darwiesh
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bihery
authors.forename: Tarik I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Zaher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004837:Epinephrine