title: Carbon dioxide laser for detrusor tunnel creation in robot-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demonstrate and report initial results using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for detrusor tunnel creation in robot-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplant (RALUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review was performed for cases of RALUR from 2011 to 2014. Patients undergoing complex reconstruction (ureteral tailoring, dismembered reimplant, concomitant ureteroureterostomy), and those who had incomplete follow-up were excluded. Variables, including use of the CO2 laser, were collected and correlated with outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  23 patients representing 40 ureteral units were included for analysis. A CO2 laser was used in 9/23 (39%) patients and 16/40 (40%) ureteral units. Intraoperative mucosotomy was reported in 3/14 (21%) patients for the electrocautery group and 1/9 (11%) patients for the CO2 laser group. Resolution of VUR was observed in 11/14 (79%), and 9/9 (100%) of patients for the electrocautery group and the CO2 laser group, respectively. Two complications were identified in the electrocautery group of patients: ileus (Clavien 2), and transient bilateral ureteral obstruction requiring placement of ureteral stents (Clavien 3B). There were no complications in the CO2 laser group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creation of the detrusor tunnel with a CO2 laser is safe and effective, and is associated with a lower rate of failure and complication in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 24, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: eddiaz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 24, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 24, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D054020:Lasers, Gas; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: CO(2) laser; Detrusor tunnel; Extravesical reimplant; Robotic; Ureteral reimplant; Ureteroneocystotomy