title: Palmitoleic acid (n-7) attenuates the immunometabolic disturbances caused by a high-fat diet independently of PPARα.
abstract: Palmitoleic acid (PMA) has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Here we tested whether these effects of PMA on glucose homeostasis and liver inflammation, in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD), are PPAR-α dependent. C57BL6 wild-type (WT) and PPAR-α-knockout (KO) mice fed with a standard diet (SD) or HFD for 12 weeks were treated after the 10th week with oleic acid (OLA, 300 mg/kg of b.w.) or PMA 300 mg/kg of b.w. Steatosis induced by HFD was associated with liver inflammation only in the KO mice, as shown by the increased hepatic levels of IL1-beta, IL-12, and TNF-α; however, the HFD increased the expression of TLR4 and decreased the expression of IL1-Ra in both genotypes. Treatment with palmitoleate markedly attenuated the insulin resistance induced by the HFD, increased glucose uptake and incorporation into muscle in vitro, reduced the serum levels of AST in WT mice, decreased the hepatic levels of IL1-beta and IL-12 in KO mice, reduced the expression of TLR-4 and increased the expression of IL-1Ra in WT mice, and reduced the phosphorylation of NF ����B (p65) in the livers of KO mice. We conclude that palmitoleate attenuates diet-induced insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and damage through mechanisms that do not depend on PPAR-α.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A S
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena A P
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Batatinha
authors.affiliation: Bioenergetic Laboratory, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, 88806-000 Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lara M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Bioenergetic Laboratory, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, 88806-000 Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Silva
authors.affiliation: Bioenergetic Laboratory, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, 88806-000 Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Bioenergetic Laboratory, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, 88806-000 Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandro M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hirabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosa Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018664:Interleukin-12; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D047493:PPAR alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D019301:Oleic Acid