title: Source identification of heavy metal contamination using metal association and Pb isotopes in Ulsan Bay sediments, East Sea, Korea.
abstract: To determine the characteristics of metal pollution sources in Ulsan Bay, East Sea, 39 surface and nine core sediments were collected within the bay and offshore area, and analyzed for metals and stable lead (Pb) isotopes. Most surface sediments (>95% from 48 sites) had high copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and Pb concentrations that were as much as 1.3 times higher than background values. The primary source of metal contamination came from activities related to nonferrous metal refineries near Onsan Harbor, and the next largest source was from shipbuilding companies located at the mouth of the Taehwa River. Three different anthropogenic sources and background sediments could be identified as end-members using Pb isotopes. Isotopic ratios for the anthropogenic Pb revealed that the sources were imported ores from Australia, Peru, and the United States. In addition, Pb isotopes of anthropogenic Pb discharged from Ulsan Bay toward offshore could be determined.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mschoi@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Man Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Kwon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Gon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007554:Isotopes; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008669:Metallurgy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Heavy metals; Marine sediment; Nonferrous metal refinery; Pb isotopes; Ulsan Bay