title: Immunomodulatory activity and partial characterisation of polysaccharides from Momordica charantia.
abstract: Momordica charantia Linn. is used as an edible and medicinal vegetable in sub-tropical areas. Until now, studies on its composition and related activities have been confined to compounds of low molecular mass, and no data have been reported concerning the plant's polysaccharides. In this work, a crude polysaccharide of M. charantia (MCP) fruit was isolated by hot water extraction and then purified using DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography to produce two main fractions MCP1 and MCP2. The immunomodulatory effects and physicochemical characteristics of these fractions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that intragastric administration of 150 or 300 mg·kg-·d⁻¹ of MCP significantly increased the carbolic particle clearance index, serum haemolysin production, spleen index, thymus index and NK cell cytotoxicity to normal control levels in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Both MCP1 and MCP2 effectively stimulated normal and concanavalin A-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro at various doses. The average molecular weights of MCP1 and MCP2, which were measured using high-performance gel permeation chromatography, were 8.55×10⁴ Da and 4.41×10⁵ Da, respectively. Both fractions exhibited characteristic polysaccharide bands in their Fourier transform infrared spectrum. MCP1 is mainly composed of glucose and galactose, and MCP2 is mainly composed of glucose, mannose and galactose. The results indicate that MCP and its fractions have good potential as immunotherapeutic adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China. yuanyuan_deng@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China. yiyang1986@msn.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China. zlf6662@126.com.
authors.forename: Li-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China. ruifenzhang@163.com.
authors.forename: Rui-Fen
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China. zhencheng_wei@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhen-Cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China. xjtang66@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China. mwzhh@vip.tom.com.
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides