title: Effect of the Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist eritoran on retinochoroidal inflammatory damage in a rat model of endotoxin-induced inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of eritoran, a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, on retinochoroidal inflammatory damage in an endotoxin-induced inflammatory rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endotoxin-induced inflammatory model was obtained by intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Group 1 had control rats; in groups 2-3 LPS and 0.5 mg/kg sterile saline were injected; and in groups 4-5 LPS and 0.5 mg/kg eritoran were injected. Blood samples were taken and eyes were enucleated after 12 hours (h) (groups 2 and 4) or 24 hours (Groups 3 and 5). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and retinochoroidal tissue and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) levels in retinochoroidal tissue were determined. Histopathological examination was performed and retinochoroidal changes were scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eritoran treatment resulted in lower levels of TNF-α, MDA, and NFκB after 12 h which became significant after 24 h. Serum TNF-α and retinochoroidal tissue NFκB levels were similar to control animals at the 24th h of the study. Eritoran significantly reversed histopathological damage after 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eritoran treatment resulted in less inflammatory damage in terms of serum and retinochoroidal tissue parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School, 53020 Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Feyzahan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3050-0714
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sorgun State Hospital, 66700 Yozgat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine Esra
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duzce State Hospital, 81100 Duzce, Turkey.
authors.forename: Safak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Gazi University Medical School, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical School, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Gülbahar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alper
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University Medical School, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University Medical School, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Or
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C512420:eritoran