title: Myoglobin expression in prostate cancer is correlated to androgen receptor expression and markers of tumor hypoxia.
abstract: Recent studies identified unexpected expression and transcriptional complexity of the hemoprotein myoglobin (MB) in human breast cancer but its role in prostate cancer is still unclear. Expression of MB was immunohistochemically analyzed in three independent cohorts of radical prostatectomy specimens (n = 409, n = 625, and n = 237). MB expression data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and molecular parameters of androgen and hypoxia signaling. Expression levels of novel tumor-associated MB transcript variants and the VEGF gene as a hypoxia marker were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Fifty-three percent of the prostate cancer cases were MB positive and significantly correlated with androgen receptor (AR) expression (p < 0.001). The positive correlation with CAIX (p < 0.001) and FASN (p = 0.008) as well as the paralleled increased expression of the tumor-associated MB transcript variants and VEGF suggest that hypoxia participates in MB expression regulation. Analogous to breast cancer, MB expression in prostate cancer is associated with steroid hormone signaling and markers of hypoxia. Further studies must elucidate the novel functional roles of MB in human carcinomas, which probably extend beyond its classic intramuscular function in oxygen storage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bicker
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montani
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikenberg
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rostamzadeh
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Dimo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: Tullio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sulser
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moch
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gorr
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hankeln
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009211:Myoglobin; D011944:Receptors, Androgen