title: The influence of maternal smoking habits before pregnancy and antioxidative supplementation during pregnancy on oxidative stress status in a non-complicated pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a physiological condition closely linked with increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, pregnancy can be further compromised by cigarette smoking. Inadequate nutrition and reduced intake of antioxidants can also disrupt the prooxidant/antioxidant relationship and contribute to oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress during pregnancy may be involved in several complications of pregnancy, such as preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia and miscarriage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of maternal smoking habits before pregnancy on the parameters of oxidative stress and the antioxidative defense system, lipid profile parameters and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity during the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy pregnant women (n = 86) were divided into non-smoking and smoking groups, and into groups taking vitamin supplements and not taking them. Oxidative damage was measured through the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and plasma antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBARS concetration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and PON1 activity was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the smokers' group. No significant differences were found in the investigated parameters in relation to vitamin supplement intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Habitual smoking before pregnancy is associated with increased oxidative stress. Vitamin supplementation has no effect on the oxidative stress status of healthy pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Narodni Front Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ardalić
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanović
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotur-Stevuljević
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vujović
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spasić
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spasojević-Kaliomanvska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jelić-Ivanović
authors.affiliation: Narodni Front Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mandić-Marković
authors.affiliation: Narodni Front Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zeljko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miković
authors.affiliation: Narodni Front Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cerović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014815:Vitamins; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase