title: The cardioprotection of the insulin-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
abstract: Apoptosis occurs frequently in myocardial infarction, oxidative stress injury, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and plays a pivotal role in the development of heart diseases. Inhibition of apoptosis alone does not necessarily lead to meaningful rescue in terms of either cardiomyocyte survival or function. Activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by insulin not only inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis but also substantially preserves and even improves regional and overall cardiac function. Insulin can protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by regulating a number of signaling molecules, such as eNOS, FOXOs, Bad, GSK-3β, mTOR, NDRG2, and Nrf2, through activating PI3K and Akt. This review focuses on the protective mechanisms and targets of insulin identified in the prevention and treatment of myocardial injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xiuzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases