title: Association of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms with incident type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing evidence suggests a possible link between lower urinary tract symptoms and chronic illnesses. We determined whether lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with incident type 2 diabetes and heart disease in a population based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  BACH is a population based epidemiological survey of urological symptoms. A multistage, stratified, cluster sample design was used to obtain a random sample of 4,144 men and women 30 to 79 years old at baseline. Median followup was 4.8 years between baseline (2002 to 2005) and followup (2006 to 2010). Type 2 diabetes and heart disease were assessed by self-report. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed by the AUA-SI, and voiding and storage subscores. Logistic regression was used to estimate the OR and 95% CI, and adjust for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In participants with a body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or greater the adjusted ORs for incident heart disease were 1.89 (95% CI 1.05, 3.39) for AUA-SI 8 or greater and 2.32 (95% CI 1.33, 4.05) for a storage score of 4 or greater. In participants with abdominal obesity the adjusted ORs for incident type 2 diabetes were 2.06 (95% CI 1.19, 3.55) for AUA-SI 8 or greater and 1.81 (95% CI 1.04, 3.15) for a storage score of 4 or greater. Lower urinary tract symptoms (AUA-SI 8 or greater) were also predictive of type 2 diabetes in men and women younger than 50 years (adjusted OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.18, 4.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal results of BACH suggest that lower urinary tract symptoms are a marker of increased risk for type 2 diabetes and heart disease in obese men and women. The increased risk in younger men and women suggests that lower urinary tract symptoms may be an indicator of impending disease.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital (GAW), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: varant.kupelian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Varant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kupelian
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital (GAW), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Andre B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital (GAW), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wittert
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital (GAW), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: diabetes mellitus; heart diseases; lower urinary tract symptoms; risk; type 2; urinary tract