title: Functional outcome of fifth metatarsal fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fifth metatarsal fractures are common and the outcome has been reported; however, prospective studies reporting the functional outcome using validated questionnaires are lacking in the literature. The aims of this study were to determine whether fifth metatarsal fractures remain symptomatic in the medium term and whether the fracture type influences outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the course of a year, 117 patients (62 avulsion fractures, 26 Jones fractures, 29 shaft fractures) were followed up (1 month, 4 months, 12 months), with functional outcome assessed using the Foot Function Index (FFI)- and Short Form 36 (SF36)-validated questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FFI reduced (function improved) over the course of the year from 22.0 (8.4-38.5) at 1 month to 0.0 (0.0-4.2) at 4 months, to 0.0 (0.0-1.3) at 1 year. There was no significant difference in the FFI scores with regard to gender or fracture type. Pain scores were also observed to decline over the year, with no significant differences between fracture types. However, while the severity of pain was low, the numbers of people reporting pain were relatively high. At 1 month, >80% of patients reported ongoing pain (83% avulsion, 88% Jones and 83% shaft), reducing to 38% at 4 months and 28% at 1 year. At final follow-up, 25% with an avulsion fracture, 28% with a Jones fracture and 33% with a shaft fracture reported pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While 25-33% of patients continue to experience pain at 1 year, <10% experience any limitation of their activities. At the final follow-up at 1 year, there were no significant differences in functional outcome by fracture type, gender or patient age. Patients should be advised about the likelihood of ongoing low-level symptoms, even after a year from injury in this previously presumed innocuous injury.
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Road, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK. Electronic address: ewan.bigsby@ubht.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bigsby
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Road, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Road, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Weston General Hospital, Grange Road, Uphill BS23 4TQ, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Case
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Road, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harries
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Avulsion; Fracture; Functional outcome; Jones; Metatarsal; Shaft