title: Comparison of intravenous lidocaine versus morphine in alleviating pain in patients with critical limb ischaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous drugs have been proposed to alleviate ischaemic limb pain, but none have been successful in relieving ischaemic pain thoroughly and rapidly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine and intravenous morphine in decreasing pain in patients with critical limb ischaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised double-blind controlled trial was performed in 63 patients with critical limb ischaemia recruited from the emergency department between October 2012 and December 2013; 23 patients were excluded and the remainder were randomly divided into two groups of 20 patients. Patients in the lidocaine group received lidocaine infusion (2 mg/kg) while patients in the morphine group received morphine (0.1 mg/kg). Patients' visual analogue pain scores (VAS), from 0 to 10, were reported before and 15 and 30 min after the infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the infusion the mean±SD VAS score was 7.50±1.93 in the lidocaine group and 7.65±1.92 in the morphine group. At 15 min the mean±SD VAS score in the lidocaine group was lower than in the morphine group (5.75±1.77 vs 7.00±1.83; mean difference 1.25, 95% CI 0.095 to 2.405) and, at 30 min, the mean±SD VAS score in the lidocaine group was again lower (4.25±1.48 vs 6.50±1.73; mean difference 2.25, 95% CI 1.218 to 3.282).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine may be helpful in decreasing ischaemic pain in patients with critical limb ischaemia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.irct.irIRCT201210148872N2.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vahidi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Delaram
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shakoor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aghaie Meybodi
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeedi
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016638:Critical Illness; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: analgesia/pain control