title: Chemical composition and free radical-scavenging, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from Ocimum kilimandscharicum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (EOOK), collected in Dourados-MS, was investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and chemical composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil was evaluated for free radical-scavenging activity using the DPPH assay and was tested in an anticancer assay against ten human cancer cell lines. The response parameter (GI50) was calculated for the cell lines tested. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chemical composition showed 45 components with a predominance of monoterpenes, such as camphor (51.81%), 1,8 cineole (20.13%) and limonene (11.23%). The EOOK exhibited potent free radical-scavenging activity by the DPPH assay with a GI50 of 8.31 μg/ml. The major constituents, pure camphor (IC50=12.56 μg/ml) and mixture of the limonene: 1, 8 cineole (IC50=23.25 μg/ml) displayed a potent activity. The oral administration of EOOK (at 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)), as well as the pure camphor or a mixture of 1,8 cineole with limonene, significantly inhibited the carrageenan (Cg) induced pleurisy, reducing the migration of total leukocytes in mice by 82 ± 4% (30 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 95 ± 4% (100 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 83 ± 9% (camphor) and 80 ± 5% (mixture of 1,8 cineole:limonene 1:1). In vitro cytotoxicity screening against a human ovarian cancer cell line displayed high selectivity and potent anticancer activity with GI50=31.90 mg ml(-1). This work describes the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant effects of EOOK for the first time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The essential oil exhibited marked anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects, an effect that can be attributed the presence of majorital compounds, and the response profiles from chemical composition differed from other oils collected in different locales.
authors.affiliation: Faculties Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A L
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kassuya
authors.affiliation: Chemistry, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul UEMS, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A L
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Faculties Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Research, State University of Campinas Unicamp, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Foglio
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Research, State University of Campinas Unicamp, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil. Electronic address: aneliseformagio@ufgd.edu.br.
authors.forename: A S N
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Formagio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002164:Camphor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D000077222:Limonene; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031339:Ocimum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; D002164:Camphor; D000077222:Limonene; D000077591:Eucalyptol
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Anticancer; Antioxidant activity; CG–MS; Lamiaceae; Ocimum kilimandscharicum