title: Computed tomography of iatrogenic complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, stenting, and intubation.
abstract: Intraluminal procedures for the gastrointestinal tract range from simple intubation for feeding or bowel decompression to endoscopic procedures including stenting and pancreatobiliary ductal catheterization. Each of these procedures and interventions carries a risk of iatrogenic injury, including bleeding, perforation, infection, adhesions, and obstruction. An understanding of how anatomy and function may predispose to injury, and the distinct patterns of injury, can help the radiologist identify and characterize iatrogenic injury rapidly at computed tomography (CT) imaging. Furthermore, selective use of intravenous or oral CT contrast material can help reveal injury and triage clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Spencer C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
authors.forename: Fergus V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Z Jane
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA. Electronic address: ben.yeh@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries
keywords: Computed tomography; Endoscopic complication; Gastrointestinal intervention; Iatrogenic complications; Iatrogenic injury; Nasogastric tube