title: Second-generation sequencing of entire mitochondrial coding-regions (∼15.4 kb) holds promise for study of the phylogeny and taxonomy of human body lice and head lice.
abstract: The Illumina Hiseq platform was used to sequence the entire mitochondrial coding-regions of 20 body lice, Pediculus humanus Linnaeus, and head lice, P. capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), from eight towns and cities in five countries: Ethiopia, France, China, Australia and the U.S.A. These data (∼310 kb) were used to see how much more informative entire mitochondrial coding-region sequences were than partial mitochondrial coding-region sequences, and thus to guide the design of future studies of the phylogeny, origin, evolution and taxonomy of body lice and head lice. Phylogenies were compared from entire coding-region sequences (∼15.4 kb), entire cox1 (∼1.5 kb), partial cox1 (∼700 bp) and partial cytb (∼600 bp) sequences. On the one hand, phylogenies from entire mitochondrial coding-region sequences (∼15.4 kb) were much more informative than phylogenies from entire cox1 sequences (∼1.5 kb) and partial gene sequences (∼600 to ∼700 bp). For example, 19 branches had > 95% bootstrap support in our maximum likelihood tree from the entire mitochondrial coding-regions (∼15.4 kb) whereas the tree from 700 bp cox1 had only two branches with bootstrap support > 95%. Yet, by contrast, partial cytb (∼600 bp) and partial cox1 (∼486 bp) sequences were sufficient to genotype lice to Clade A, B or C. The sequences of the mitochondrial genomes of the P. humanus, P. capitis and P. schaeffi Fahrenholz studied are in NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers KC660761-800, KC685631-6330, KC241882-97, EU219988-95, HM241895-8 and JX080388-407.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campelo
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alem
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bilcha
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D049750:Genome, Insect; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010374:Pediculus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Pediculus capitis; Pediculus humanus; evolutionary genetics; mitochondrial coding-region