title: Dietary lutein modulates growth and survival genes in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Lutein is a carotenoid pigment present in fruits and vegetables that has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. In this study, we examined the effect of lutein on proliferation and survival-associated genes in prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. We found that in vitro culture of PC-3 cells with lutein induced mild decrease in proliferation that improved in combination treatment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists and other chemotherapeutic agents. Flow cytometry analyses showed that lutein improved drug-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Gene array and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that lutein altered the expression of growth and apoptosis-associated biomarker genes in PC-3 cells. These findings highlight that lutein modulates the expression of growth and survival-associated genes in prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA .
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rafi
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanakasabai
authors.forename: Sarita V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gokarn
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000187:drug effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000819:agonists; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; C507278:survival-related gene product, human; D002338:Carotenoids; D014975:Lutein
keywords: PC-3 cells; cancer prevention; carotenoids; lutein; prostate cancer