title: A systematic review of prevalence, disease characteristics and management of systemic lupus erythematosus in Australia: identifying areas of unmet need.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few epidemiological studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been conducted in Australia, and current management practice and levels of unmet need in this country are not well characterised.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic literature review to identify Australia-specific information on SLE, particularly areas of unmet need.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched (1 January 1990 to 29 November 2013). All articles on prevalence, disease characteristics, management and outcomes of SLE in Australia were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is limited published information on SLE in Australia. Of 24 articles included, 18 described results from observational studies, three were narrative reviews, one was a clinical update, and two were medical education articles. In remote regions, SLE was reported to be more prevalent in Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians; information in urban populations is lacking. Asian Australians may be more affected by SLE than non-Asian Australians. Pregnancy outcomes may also be adversely affected. Many Australians with SLE may experience high levels of unmet need, including delayed diagnosis, ongoing symptoms, flares, depression/anxiety, sleeping difficulty and decreased quality of life. Published guidance on the SLE management in Australia is limited and dated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Published information on SLE in Australia is limited, but suggests that ethnicity may affect the prevalence and disease characteristics and that many Australians with SLE have unmet needs. Improvements in diagnosis, treatment and management are needed to alleviate these needs. Up-to-date guidance on the management of SLE would benefit healthcare professionals and patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikpour
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bridge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Australia; autoimmune disease; guideline; systematic review; systemic lupus erythematosus