title: Effects of dietary sulfur and distillers dried grains with solubles on carcass characteristics, loin quality, and tissue concentrations of sulfur, selenium, and copper in growing-finishing pigs.
abstract: Inclusion of up to 0.38% S in diets that contain 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has no negative effect on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, but there is no information about the effects of dietary S on accumulation of S in tissues in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine if the concentration of S in diets containing DDGS affects carcass characteristics, loin quality, or tissue mineral concentrations in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 barrows (34.2 ± 2.3 kg BW) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments with 10 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed grower diets for 42 d and finisher diets for 42 d. At the conclusion of the experiment, the pig in each pen with the BW closest to the pen average was slaughtered. The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal and the finisher diet contained 0.14% S, 0.19 mg/kg Se, and 15.3 mg/kg Cu. The DDGS diet was formulated with corn, soybean meal, and 30% DDGS and the finisher diet with DDGS contained 0.16% S, 0.32 mg/kg Se, and 14.0 mg/kg Cu. The DDGS plus S (DDGS-S) diet was similar to the DDGS diet, except that 1.10% CaSO4 (16.2% S) was included in this diet, and the finisher diet with DDGS-S contained 0.37% S, 0.35 mg/kg Se, and 13.8 mg/kg Cu. Results indicated that organ weights and loin quality, 24-h pH, drip loss, loin subjective color, marbling, and firmness did not differ among treatments, but loin a* was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the control diet than for pigs fed the DDGS-S diet. Concentrations of S in hair, liver, heart, loin, and all other tissues did not differ among treatments, but urinary S concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the DDGS-S diet than for pigs fed the other diets. Pigs fed the DDGS diet or the DDGS-S diet had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of Se in hair, liver, heart, and loin than pigs fed the control diet, but liver concentrations of Cu did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, inclusion of 30% DDGS in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs did not influence carcass characteristics or tissue S concentrations regardless of S concentration in the diet, and excess dietary S was excreted in the urine. However, because of the greater concentration of Se in DDGS than in corn and soybean meal and, therefore, greater concentrations in DDGS-containing diets, tissue concentrations of Se were increased in pigs fed diets that contained DDGS. In contrast, dietary DDGS did not influence liver concentrations of Cu.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Environment, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kil
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1095.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-125.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 hstein@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism*; D008460:Meat; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D013455:Sulfur; D003300:Copper; D012643:Selenium
keywords: carcass characteristics; copper; distillers dried grains with solubles; pigs; selenium; sulfur