title: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: definitions and management.
abstract: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While surgical resection remains the only curative option, more than 80% of patients present with unresectable disease. Unfortunately, even among those who undergo resection, the reported median survival is 15-23 mo, with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%. Disappointingly, over the past several decades, despite improvements in diagnostic imaging, surgical technique and chemotherapeutic options, only modest improvements in survival have been realized. Nevertheless, it remains clear that surgical resection is a prerequisite for achieving long-term survival and cure. There is now emerging consensus that a subgroup of patients, previously considered poor candidates for resection because of the relationship of their primary tumor to surrounding vasculature, may benefit from resection, particularly when preceded by neoadjuvant therapy. This stage of disease, termed borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, has become of increasing interest and is now the focus of a multi-institutional clinical trial. Here we outline the history, progress, current treatment recommendations, and future directions for research in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Nicole E Lopez, Cristina Prendergast, Andrew M Lowy, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987, United States.
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Nicole E Lopez, Cristina Prendergast, Andrew M Lowy, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987, United States.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.affiliation: Nicole E Lopez, Cristina Prendergast, Andrew M Lowy, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lowy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018579:Patient Selection; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer; Neoadjuvant; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Vascular resection; Whipple