title: Unusually low prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples from infertile men and healthy controls: a prevalence study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect Mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples of infertile men and men without any signs of infection in order to investigate whether M. genitalium and other genital mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp) are found more often in urine samples of infertile men than in asymptomatic controls and to determine resistance to macrolides.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included first void urine samples taken from 145 infertile men and 49 men with no symptoms of urethritis. M. genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected by commercial PCR. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected by microscopy and culture. M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp were detected by culture. M. genitalium was detected by in-house conventional and real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two M. genitalium positive samples were found among samples obtained from infertile men. All asymptomatic men were M. genitalium negative. Macrolide resistance was not found in either of the two positive samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison with reported data, an unusually low prevalence of M. genitalium was found in infertile men. The reasons for this unexpected result are not known; possibly, local demographic and social characteristics of the population influenced the result. Further studies to investigate M. genitalium in infertile and other groups of patients are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Plecko
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zele-Starcevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tripkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mihael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skerlev
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ljubojevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plesko
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marekovic
authors.affiliation: Mycoplasma Laboratory, Staten's Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jorgen Skov
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY