title: In situ electron holographic study of Ionic liquid.
abstract: Investigation of the effect of electron irradiation on ionic liquid (IL) droplets using electron holography revealed that electron irradiation changed the electrostatic potential around the IL. The potential for low electron flux irradiation (0.5 × 10(17)e/m(2)s) was almost constant as a function of time (up to 180 min). For higher electron flux irradiation (2 × 10(17)e/m(2)s), the potential increased exponentially for a certain time, reflecting the charging effect and then leveled off. The IL was found to be changed from liquid to solid state after a significant increase in the electrostatic potential due to electron irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan. Electronic address: shirai-manabu@naka.hitachi-hitec.com.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan; Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanigaki
authors.affiliation: Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Hyun Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shindo
keywords: Charge; Electron holography; Electron irradiation; Electrostatic potential; Ionic liquid