title: Nondamaging photothermal therapy for the retina: initial clinical experience with chronic central serous retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess safety and clinical efficacy of the nondamaging photothermal therapy for the macula for the treatment of chronic central serous retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with persistent central serous retinopathy (>4 months of duration) were treated with the PASCAL Streamline) at 577-nm wavelength, using 200-μm retinal spot sizes. Using Endpoint Management Software, the laser power was first titrated for a barely visible burn with 15-ms pulses, which was defined as 100% pulse energy. Treatment was then applied over the area of serous retinal detachment and adjacent nonthickened retina, using 30% pulse energy with the spot spacing of 0.25 beam diameter. Changes in subretinal fluid, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity, and central macular thickness were measured over 6 months of follow-up. Pretreatment and posttreatment fluorescein angiography and fundus autofluorescence were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, 532 spots have been applied per treatment. No visible laser marks could be detected by clinical observation, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, or fluorescein angiography. On average, 12 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters gain was achieved at 2 months and was sustained by 6 months (P < 0.001). Central macular thickness decreased from 350 μm to 282 μm (P = 0.004). Subretinal fluid completely resolved in 37% of the patients after first treatment, whereas 44% of the patients required retreatment after 3 months because of recurrent fluid or incomplete resolution. The remaining 19% of the patients received a second retreatment. By 6 months, in 75% of the patients, the subretinal fluid was completely resolved, whereas in 25%, there was some minimal fluid left.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photothermal therapy using 577-nm PASCAL laser with Endpoint Management graphic user interface was safe, and it improved visual acuity and resolution of subretinal fluid in chronic central serous retinopathy. Lack of tissue damage allows periodic retreatment without cumulative scaring, characteristic to conventional photocoagulation. This technique should be tested in the treatment of other macular disorders and may offer an alternative to conventional laser coagulation of the macula and to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor pharmacological treatments of macular diseases.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and †Department of Ophthalmology and Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lavinsky
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palanker
mesh_terms: D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green