title: Hypoxia inducible factors in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: current understanding and future directions.
abstract: Hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIFs) activate diverse pathways that regulate cellular metabolism, angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration, enabling a cell to respond to a low oxygen or hypoxic environment. HIFs are regulated by oxygen-dependent and independent signals including: mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticular stress, and viral infection. HIFs have been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of liver disease of diverse aetiologies. This review explores the impact of HIFs on hepatocellular biology and inflammatory responses, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting HIFs for an array of liver pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Viral Hepatitis Research Group, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Garrick K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.affiliation: Viral Hepatitis Research Group, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: j.a.mckeating@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McKeating
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006507:Hepatovirus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D010100:Oxygen; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
keywords: HIF; Hypoxia; Inflammation; Liver; Viral hepatitis