title: Regional cerebral arterial transit time hemodynamics correlate with vascular risk factors and cognitive function in men with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arterial transit time is the time needed for blood to travel from large arteries to capillaries, as estimated from arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular risk factors and cognitive performance are related to regional differences in cerebral arterial transit time in patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arterial transit time was estimated from multiple postlabel delay pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling images obtained from 29 men with coronary artery disease. Tests of memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function were administered. Principal component analysis was used to create separate models of cognition and vascular risk, which were related to brain regions through voxelwise analyses of arterial transit time maps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis identified 2 components of vascular risk: 1) "pressor" (age, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) and 2) "obesity" (body fat percentage and body mass index). Obesity was inversely related to arterial transit time in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, lateral occipital cortices, middle temporal gyrus, and frontal pole (P corrected < .05), whereas pressor was not significant. Cognitive scores were factored into a single component. Poor performance was inversely related to precuneus arterial transit time (P corrected < .05). The average arterial transit time in regions identified by obesity was associated with poorer cognitive function (r(2) = 0.21, t = -2.65, P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered cerebral hemodynamics, notably in nodal structures of the default mode network, may be one way that vascular risk factors impact cognition in patients with coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.) Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.) Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,) bmac@sri.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: MacIntosh
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.) Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.).
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swardfager
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.).
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.) Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,).
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tchistiakova
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.) Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.) Physical Sciences (B.J.M., B.S.) Departments of Medical Biophysics (B.J.M., E.T., B.S.,).
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.affiliation: From the Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (B.J.M., W.S., A.D.R., E.T., N.H., B.S., K.L.L.) Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (W.S., M.S., N.H., K.L.L.), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Pharmacology/Toxicology (K.L.L., W.S.) Psychiatry (N.H., K.L.L.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (P.I.O., K.L.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lanctôt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors