title: A highly sensitive, cell-membrane-permeable fluorescent probe for glutathione.
abstract: Glutathione (GSH) is a primary intracellular antioxidant. Here, we developed a novel, highly sensitive fluorescent probe for GSH, designated DNs-HMRG, whose fluorescence is regulated by two distinct switching mechanisms, intramolecular spirocyclization and photo-induced electron transfer (PeT). DNs-HMRG showed good cell permeability, and a rapid increase in fluorescence intensity was observed when it was applied to living cells. Further, taking advantage of the fact that the intracellular GSH level in tumor tissue is higher than that in normal tissue, we employed this probe for rapid (within a few tens of seconds) in vivo detection of tiny tumor nodules (less than 1mm in diameter) in tumor-bearing mice. This probe is expected be a powerful tool in various biological applications, especially studies on redox status.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Mako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan; Basic Research Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sanbancho-blg, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Fluorescent probe; Glutathione; Intramolecular spirocyclization