title: Magnet nurse administrator attitudes and opportunities: toward improving lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender-specific healthcare.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored Magnet® hospital chief nursing officers' (CNOs') attitudes toward gays and lesbians and the impact that these attitudes have on providing advocacy for lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) patients and staff.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Homonegativity encompasses both heterosexism and homophobia and has profound effects on the health of LGBT populations. Little has been reported about the attitudes of CNOs toward LGBT populations and how these might impact advocacy for LGBT healthcare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were electronically mailed to 343 Magnet CNOs. The Modern Homonegativity Scale was used to assess attitudes, and additional statements were developed to assess the comfort level of the respondent in advocating for LGBT populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attitudes among CNOs toward LGBT populations and comfort with advocating for LGBT populations were positively correlated. Those demonstrating less homonegative attitudes were more likely to feel comfortable advocating for LGBT patients and staff.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognizing and addressing bias among nurse leaders through education are important to ensure equitable healthcare for patients and employees.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Assistant Professor (Dr Klotzbaugh), Department of Nursing, University of New Hampshire, Durham; SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor and Decker Endowed Chair in Community Health Nursing (Dr Spencer), Decker School of Nursing, Binghamton University, New York.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klotzbaugh
authors.forename: Gale
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D063509:Homophobia / Q000523:psychology*; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology*; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration*; D063106:Transgender Persons; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000523:psychology*