title: Integrated potentiostat for electrochemical sensing of urinary 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid with molecularly imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol).
abstract: Changing demographics, the rise of personalized medicine and increased identification of biomarkers for diagnosis and management of chronic disease have increased the demand for portable bioanalytical instrumentation and point-of-care. The recent development of molecularly imprinted polymers enables production of low cost and highly stable sensing chips; however, the commercially available and full functional instruments employed for electrochemical analysis have shortcomings in actual homecare applications. In this work, integrated circuits (ICs) for monolithic implementation of voltammeter potentiostat with a large dynamic current range (5 nA to 1.2 mA) and short conversion time (10 ms) were fabricated in a 0.35 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The new instrumentation was tested with molecular imprinted sensors for 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) in urine. The sensor consisted of molecular imprinted of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)s (abbreviated as EVALs) for implementation in a flow injection analysis system. The EVAL containing 32 ethylene mol% had the highest imprinting effectiveness for the target molecules. Fit-for-purpose figures of merit were achieved with a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 3.06 pg/mL. The measurements obtained in real undiluted urine samples fell within the reference concentration range of 50-550 ng/mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yueh
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Jen
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bin-Da
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan. Electronic address: linhy@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hung-Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D015095:3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; D015095:3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
keywords: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid; Integrated potentiostat; Molecularly imprinting; Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol); Urine