title: Silver and fullerene nanoparticles' effect on interleukin-2-dependent proliferation of CD4 (+) T cells.
abstract: Immunotoxicity studies of nanoparticles on T cells addressed their effects on activation by T antigen receptor, but have neglected the regulation of proliferation by IL-2. In this study, the IL-2-dependent T lymphoblastoid WE17/10 cell line was used to compare silver (Ag-NPs) and fullerene (C60-NPs) nanoparticles' toxicity and evaluate whether these NPs could interfere with IL-2-dependent proliferation. Results have shown that Ag-NPs are more toxic, as they reduced cell viability at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/ml), while C60-NPs have shown good biocompatibility. Characterization of NP suspensions by dynamic light scattering measured large aggregates for C60-NPs, whereas Ag-NPs were relatively stable and well dispersed. This translated into a much larger uptake of Ag-NPs compared to C60-NPs, as measured by flow cytometry. Proliferation measurements by CFSE following 72 h incubation have shown that Ag-NPs decrease cell proliferation and C60-NPs slightly increase proliferation. CD25 expression was unchanged following exposure to C60-NPs, but was significantly increased by Ag-NPs' presence for short and long-term incubations. Analyses of three key signaling proteins activated by IL-2 receptor (Stat5, JNK and ERK1/2) by western immunoblotting have shown no effects from either NPs on Stat5 and JNK phosphorylation. ERK1/2 was slightly activated following a short exposure to Ag-NPs, while C60-NPs had no effect. Our results show that C60-NPs have good biocompatibility and do not interfere with IL-2-dependent proliferation. A deeper investigation would be needed for the case of Ag-NPs, since the mechanism of their action is still unclear.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. Des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Côté-Maurais
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. Des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada. Electronic address: jacques.bernier@iaf.inrs.ca.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernier
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2
keywords: Fullerene; IL-2; Nanoparticle; Silver; T-lymphocyte; Toxicity