title: Inhibition of microbial adhesion to plastic surface and human buccal epithelial cells by Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The adherence of oral pathogenic microorganisms to host tissues is the initial step for successful process of oral diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract and rhodomyrtone, an antibacterial compound from R. tomentosa leaf, on adhesion of some oral pathogens to polystyrene plastic surface and human buccal epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated using broth microdilution method. The microbial adhesion to the plastic surface and buccal cells was determined using microtiter plate method and microscopy technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethanol extract of leaf demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans (clinical isolate), and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 with the MIC values of 31.25, 15.62, and 1000μg/ml, respectively. Rhodomyrtone displayed activity with the MIC values of 0.78 and 0.39μg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. mutans, respectively. The MIC value of the compound against C. albicans ATCC 90028 was more than 100μg/ml which was the highest test concentration. All pathogenic microorganisms treated with the extract and rhodomyrtone at their subinhibitory concentrations resulted in a decrease in their adherence ability to both plastic surface and buccal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that R. tomentosa extract and rhodomyrtone may be useful in therapy or as prophylaxis in infections involving oral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. Electronic address: surasak.l@psu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Limsuwan
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirilux
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homlaead
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirimaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watcharakul
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sasitorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chusri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kotchakorn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moosigapong
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jongkon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saising
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supayang Piyawan
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Voravuthikunchai
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D044004:Xanthones
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044004:Xanthones; C541823:rhodomyrtone
keywords: Buccal cell; Microbial adhesion; Oral pathogen; Rhodomyrtone; Rhodomyrtus tomentosa