title: Percutaneous sclerotherapy of congenital slow-flow vascular malformations of the orbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This manuscript describes the clinical features, imaging findings, treatment details, and short-term outcomes of a series of congenital slow-flow vascular malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of congenital slow-flow vascular malformations involving the orbital region treated at a single institution with percutaneous sclerotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients presented during the study period, comprising eight venous malformations, one lymphatic malformation, and one veno-lymphatic malformation. Nine patients underwent percutaneous sclerotherapy under digital subtraction angiography guidance, of which three developed marked rise in intraocular pressure requiring lateral canthotomy. The treatments were performed in the presence of an ophthalmologist who measured the intraorbital pressure during and after the procedure. On follow-up, some of the patients required repeat sessions of sclerotherapy. All patients had improvement of symptoms on follow up after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital slow-flow vascular malformations of the orbital region are rare lesions that should be treated using a multidisciplinary approach. Monitoring of the intraorbital pressure is required both during and after the procedure to decide about the need for lateral canthotomy to reduce the transiently increased intraorbital pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India, gkchiramel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: George Koshy
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Chiramel
authors.forename: Shyamkumar Nidugala
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Keshava
authors.forename: Vinu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mammen
authors.forename: Sarada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Sudipta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019233:Retreatment; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000628:therapy*