title: The protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by high glucose.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy using renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E). The cells are divided into normal group (NG), high glucose group (HG), and treatment group (HG + GA). The methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Model driven architecture (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Electron microscopy and histological were used to detect the changes in cell ultrastructure. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure Mn-SOD and PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC-1a) mRNA. We find that high glucose increases NRK-52E cell proliferation and TGF-β1 expression, but decreases expression of AMPK, SIRT1 and Mn-SOD. These effects are significantly attenuated by GA. Our findings suggest that GA has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell proliferation and oxidative stress at least in part by increasing AMPK, SIRT1 and Mn-SOD expression in NRK-52E cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. szhou8@163.com.
authors.forename: Shaozhang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. xin7998@163.com.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. nyliyuan@163.com.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. gl@nxmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. zhangjz@nxmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005947:Glucose / Q000633:toxicity; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C501429:Ppargc1a protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D005947:Glucose