title: Anti-inflammatory activity of Odina wodier Roxb, an Indian folk remedy, through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
abstract: Inflammation is part of self-limiting non-specific immune response, which occurs during bodily injury. In some disorders the inflammatory process becomes continuous, leading to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer etc. Several Indian tribes used the bark of Odina wodier (OWB) for treating inflammatory disorders. Thus, we have evaluated the immunotherapeutic potential of OWB methanol extract and its major constituent chlorogenic acid (CA), using three popular in vivo antiinflammatory models: Carrageenan- and Dextran-induced paw edema, Cotton pellet granuloma, and Acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. To elucidate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of action we determine the level of major inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 or PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12). Further, we determine the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), nuclear factor kappa-B cells (NF-κB), and NF-kB inhibitor alpha (IK-Bα) by protein and mRNA expression, and Western blot analysis in drug treated LPS-induced murine macrophage model. Moreover, we determined the acute and sub-acute toxicity of OWB extract in BALB/c mice. Our study demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory activity of OWB extract and CA along with the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 expressions. Further, the expression of TLR4, NF-κBp65, MyD88, iNOS and COX-2 molecules were reduced in drug-treated groups, but not in the LPS-stimulated untreated or control groups, Thus, our results collectively indicated that the OWB extract and CA can efficiently inhibit inflammation through the down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India; Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Durbadal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Hemanta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jena
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Ved Prakash
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Keshab C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Bharti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Amalesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Debprasad
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse