title: Citric acid improves lead (pb) phytoextraction in brassica napus L. by mitigating pb-induced morphological and biochemical damages.
abstract: Phytoextraction is an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective strategy for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. However, lower bioavailability of some of the metals in polluted environments e.g. lead (Pb) is a major constraint of phytoextraction process that could be overcome by applying organic chelators. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to evaluate the role of citric acid (CA) in enhancing Pb phytoextraction. Brassica napus L. seedlings were grown in hydroponic media and exposed to various treatments of Pb (50 and 100 μM) as alone or in combination with CA (2.5mM) for six weeks. Pb-induced damage in B. napus toxicity was evident from elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 that significantly inhibited plant growth, biomass accumulation, leaf chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters. Alternatively, CA application to Pb-stressed B. napus plants arrested lipid membrane damage by limiting MDA and H2O2 production and by improving antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, CA significantly increased the Pb accumulation in B. napus plants. The study concludes that CA has a potential to improve Pb phytoextraction without damaging plant growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Bilal
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shakoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: shafaqataligill@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shafaqat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box 128, Jhang road Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mujahid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sabir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tahira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasmeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
authors.forename: Ullah
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Najeeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University Allama Iqbal Road 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saima Aslam
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bharwana
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghulam Hasan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D019343:Citric Acid; D007854:Lead; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Anitoxidant enzymes; Brassica napus L; Citric acid; Lead; Malondialdehyde