title: Effectiveness and Safety of Arnica montana in Post-Surgical Setting, Pain and Inflammation.
abstract: Arnica montana has been widely used as a homeopathic remedy for the treatment of several inflammatory conditions in pain management and postoperative settings. This review gives an overview of the therapeutic use of Arnica montana in the above-mentioned fields also focusing on its mechanisms of action learned from animal models and in vitro studies. Arnica montana is more effective than placebo when used for the treatment of several conditions including post-traumatic and postoperative pain, edema, and ecchymosis. However, its dosages and preparations used have produced substantial differences in the clinical outcome. Cumulative evidence suggests that Arnica montana may represent a valid alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, at least when treating some specific conditions.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; 2Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; and 4Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iannitti
authors.forename: Julio César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morales-Medina
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bellavite
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rottigni
authors.forename: Beniamino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palmieri
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018650:Arnica / Q000009:adverse effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents