title: Cellular stress marker alteration and inflammatory response in pigs fed with an ochratoxin contaminated diet.
abstract: Aim of this study was to characterize the effects of an ochratoxin A (181 ± 34 ng/g) contaminated diet on growth performances, blood parameters, systemic cytokine levels, cell stress markers and reactivity of immune system of weaned pigs. Growth performance was not affected by OTA consumption even if OTA levels increased in plasma, kidney and liver. OTA diminished the protein content in the serum and increased levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in plasma. HO-1 mRNA, indicative for cells stress, was decreased in the kidney but increased in the liver. Additionally, whole blood of the animals of the OTA-group showed a decreased capacity to respond with cytokine expression (mRNA and protein) to ex vivo challenge with LPS. In conclusion our findings indicate that chronic ingestion with OTA-contaminated feed, even at low level, is hazardous for the animal and virtually for human health, pig being an excellent model for human.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: chiara.bernardini5@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johanna Catharina
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Duvigneau
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Augusta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zannoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tugnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gentilini
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Terenzio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spinozzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camborata
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005506:Food Contamination; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002273:Carcinogens; D009793:Ochratoxins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; C025589:ochratoxin A; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)
keywords: HSP; Inflammation; LPS; OTA; Pig