title: Predictions of heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using QTL-based parameters of an ecophysiological model.
abstract: Prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. However, while QTL analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. Moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. Also, the model parameters are rarely related to all underlying genes, and all the possible allelic combinations that could be obtained by breeding cannot be tested with models. In this study, a QTL-based model is proposed to predict heading date in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two parameters of an ecophysiological model (V sat and P base , representing genotype vernalization requirements and photoperiod sensitivity, respectively) were optimized for 210 genotypes grown in 10 contrasting location × sowing date combinations. Multiple linear regression models predicting V sat and P base with 11 and 12 associated genetic markers accounted for 71 and 68% of the variance of these parameters, respectively. QTL-based V sat and P base estimates were able to predict heading date of an independent validation data set (88 genotypes in six location × sowing date combinations) with a root mean square error of prediction of 5 to 8.6 days, explaining 48 to 63% of the variation for heading date. The QTL-based model proposed in this study may be used for agronomic purposes and to assist breeders in suggesting locally adapted ideotypes for wheat phenology.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogard
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ravel
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paux
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bordes
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balfourier
authors.affiliation: CSIRO, Queensland Bioscience Precinct - St Lucia, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Gouis
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, F-63177 Aubière Cedex, France vincent.allard@clermont.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Allard
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001947:Breeding; D004777:Environment; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D017440:Photoperiod; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: Association genetics; ecophysiological model; gene-based modelling; heading date; phenology; wheat.