title: Commercially available avian and mammalian whole prey diet items targeted for consumption by managed exotic and domestic pet felines: true metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay.
abstract: Whole prey diets are commonly used in the zoo and home setting for captive exotic and domestic cats, respectively. Despite their increase in popularity, nutrient digestibility of such diets has been poorly studied. In this study, the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay was used to determine the protein quality and nitrogen-corrected true ME (TMEn) of 17 whole prey samples (mice [1 to 2 , 10 to 13 , 21 to 25 , 30 to 40 , and 150 to 180 d old], rats [1 to 4, 10 to 13, 21 to 25, 32 to 42, and >60 d old], rabbits [stillborn, 30 to 45 d old, and >65 d old], chicken [1 to 3 d old], and quail [1 to 3, 21 to 40, and >60 d old]) and 2 ground poultry-based products (chicken and duck). Amino acid score (AAS) and protein digestibility corrected AAS (PDCAAS) were calculated using the nutrient profile recommendations for domestic cat food as a reference value (AAFCO, 2012). Average individual indispensable AA (IAA) and total IAA (TIAA) digestibility coefficients were variable anddepended on AA (84 to 94% TIAA, 85 to 95% Arg, 87 to 96% His, 82 to 92% Ile, 84 to 94% Leu, 85 to 93% Lys, 89 to 97% Met, 83 to 94% Phe, 80 to 95% Thr, 84 to 94% Trp, and 80 to 93% Val) and sample. For a majority of the whole prey items, AA concentrations were greater than the Association of American Feed Control Officials ( AAFCO: , 2012) domestic cat nutrient profile recommendations for growth and reproduction and adult maintenance; however, some whole prey had AA concentrations below the AAFCO (2012) recommendations: Met + Cys (1.10% DM) in ground duck (1.06% DM) and taurine (Tau; 0.20% DM) in 30-to-45- and >65-d-old rabbits (0.01 and 0.10% DM, respectively), 150-to-180-d-old mice (0.18% DM), and ground duck (0.15% DM). The TMEn (3.76 to 6.44 kcal/g DM) expressed as the percent of GE (i.e., TMEn/GE) ranged from 66 to 85%, demonstrating how variable the digestibility of these items may be and justifying more research in this area. Both Met and Tau are commonly added to commercial pet foods, so supplements are readily available to address potential deficiencies and improve protein quality. A direct comparison of the ME of whole prey items by in vivo feline and rooster experiments is needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kappen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Utterback
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 ksswanso@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D011200:Poultry; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids
keywords: feline nutrition; nutrient digestibility; protein quality