title: Nanoforging - Innovation in three-dimensional processing and shaping of nanoscaled structures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper describes the shaping of freestanding objects out of metallic structures in the nano- and submicron size. The technique used, called nanoforging, is very similar to the macroscopic forging process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With spring actuated tools produced by focused ion beam milling, controlled forging is demonstrated. With only three steps, a conical bar stock is transformed to a flat- and semicircular bent bar stock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with other forming techniques in the reduced scale, nanoforging represents a beneficial approach in forming freestanding metallic structures, due to its simplicity, and supplements other forming techniques.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Werkstoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landefeld
authors.affiliation: Institut für Werkstoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rösler
keywords: forging; manipulation; nanoforging; plastic deformation; tungsten