title: Sulfoxaflor and the sulfoximine insecticides: chemistry, mode of action and basis for efficacy on resistant insects.
abstract: The sulfoximines, as exemplified by sulfoxaflor ([N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-λ(4)-sulfanylidene] cyanamide] represent a new class of insecticides. Sulfoxaflor exhibits a high degree of efficacy against a wide range of sap-feeding insects, including those resistant to neonicotinoids and other insecticides. Sulfoxaflor is an agonist at insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and functions in a manner distinct from other insecticides acting at nAChRs. The sulfoximines also exhibit structure activity relationships (SAR) that are different from other nAChR agonists such as the neonicotinoids. This review summarizes the sulfoximine SAR, mode of action and the biochemistry underlying the observed efficacy on resistant insect pests, with a particular focus on sulfoxaflor.
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States. Electronic address: tcsparks@dow.com.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States.
authors.forename: Gerald B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Loso
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States.
authors.forename: Chaoxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States.
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Babcock
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, United States.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007313:Insecta; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011725:Pyridines; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; C560328:sulfoxaflor
keywords: Cross-resistance; Mode of action; Neonicotinoid resistance; Structure activity relationships; Sulfoxaflor; Sulfoximines