title: Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of the effects of alendronate on salivary glands of young rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bisphosphonates are drugs known by their antiresorptive potency and are widely prescribed for treating and preventing osteoporosis. In the past years the employment of this class of drugs had spread to other pathologies, and it is being prescribed to patients in a wide range of ages. Some adverse effects of bisphosphonate treatment have been highlighted recently, however, little is known about its potential side effects in salivary glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn rats received daily doses of 2.5mg/kg/day of sodium alendronate during 30 days. On the thirtieth day the animals were stimulated with pilocarpine and their parotid and submandibular glands were collected, fixed and embedded for histological and ultrastructural analysis. Some glands were collected for analysis of protein content and amylase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At light microscopy, the alendronate-treated animals presented an accumulation of secretion granules in their cytoplasm, which was confirmed by the ultrastructural examination. Biochemical analysis revealed an increase in total protein content and decreased amylase levels of both glands in the alendronate-treated animals in relation to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the current findings, alendronate is probably interfering in secretory pathways of parotid and submandibular glands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taís C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bradaschia-Correa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alyne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: vearana@usp.br.
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Arana-Chavez
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D000681:Amylases; D019386:Alendronate
keywords: Alendronate; Amylase; Parotid gland; Rat; Submandibular gland