title: Prevalence of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS children in highly active antiretroviral therapy era. A literature analysis.
abstract: SummaryHighly active antiretroviral therapy has decreased the morbidity and mortality related to HIV infection, including oral opportunistic infections. This paper offers an analysis of the scientific literature on the epidemiological aspects of oral candidiasis in HIV-positive children in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. An electronic databases search was made covering the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (1998 onwards). The terms used were oral lesions, oral candidiasis and their combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy and HIV/AIDS children. The following data were collected from each paper: year and country in which the investigation was conducted, antiretroviral treatment, oral candidiasis prevalence and diagnostic parameters (clinical or microbiological). Prevalence of oral candidiasis varied from 2.9% in American HIV-positive children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy to 88% in Chilean HIV-positive children without antiretroviral therapy. With respect to geographical location and antiretroviral treatment, higher oral candidiasis prevalence in HIV-positive children on combination antiretroviral therapy/antiretroviral therapy was reported in African children (79.1%) followed by 45.9% reported in Hindu children. In HIV-positive Chilean children on no antiretroviral therapy, high oral candidiasis prevalence was reported (88%) followed by Nigerian children (80%). Oral candidiasis is still frequent in HIV-positive children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era irrespective of geographical location, race and use of antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Postgraduate and Research Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, México lgaitan@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gaitán-Cepeda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Pathology and Biochemical, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosí, México.
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vargas
authors.affiliation: Microbiology area, Health Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Baja California, Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México.
authors.forename: Nydia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: AIDS; HIV; Oral candidiasis; children; highly active antiretroviral therapy; opportunistic infection; oral lesions; treatment