title: The advantages of unilateral pedal lymphography in the diagnosis of chyluria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pedal lymphography (PLG) in the localization diagnosis of chyluria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cystoscopy was performed in 153 patients and PLG in 121 cases. Unilateral or staged bilateral ligation and stripping of renal lymphatic vessel were performed according to the results of cystoscopy and/or PLG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unilateral and bilateral urinary excretion of chyle was detected in 123 and 1 case by cystoscopy, respectively. In 121 cases receiving PLG, 100 cases of unilateral fistulous connection between the renal pelvis and the lymphatic system, 18 cases of bilateral fistulas and 1 case of lymphatic bladder fistula were demonstrated. PLG has a higher diagnostic rate for the detection of bilateral lymphatic renal pelvis fistulas than cystoscopy (p<0.05). 28 cases received renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection only according to the results of cystoscopy, and 3 of them failed (10.1%). While 121 cases had the same operation according to the results of PLG, only 1 case failed the operation (0.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLG was efficient and safe for the localization diagnosis of chyluria, with a higher detection rate of bilateral fistulas than cystoscopy. PLG might benefit the selection of appropriate therapy and improve the surgical effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ding-Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wen-Long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhi-Fu
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Zhou
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei-Mu
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Chong-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002913:Chyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D008220:Lymphography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014556:Urine