title: Serum level changes of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients undergoing periodontal therapy combined with one year of omega-3 supplementation: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with one-year dietary supplementation with omega (ω)-3 on the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planing. The test group consisted of seven patients (43.1±6.0 years) supplemented with ω-3, consisting of EPA plus DHA, three capsules, each of 300 mg of ω-3 (180-mg EPA/120-mg DHA), for 12 months. The control group was composed of eight patients (46.1±11.6 years) that took a placebo capsule for 12 months. The periodontal examination and the serum levels of DPA, EPA, DHA, and AA were performed at baseline (T0), and 4 (T1), and 12 (T2) months after therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the test group, AA and DPA levels had been reduced significantly at T1 (P<0.05). AA and EPA levels had been increased significantly at T2 (P<0.05). The ΔEPA was significantly higher in the test compared to the placebo group at T2-T0 (P=0.02). The AA/EPA had decreased significantly at T1 and T2 relative to baseline (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonsurgical periodontal treatment combined with ω-3 supplementation significantly increased the EPA levels and decreased the AA/EPA ratio in serum after one year follow-up. However, no effect on the clinical outcome of periodontal therapy was observed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele Lago
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9503-2261
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josely Correa
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3189-9261
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Koury
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Anjos
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7744-7255
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4048-5116
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Guimarães
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0695-8159
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6481-858X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Institute of Odontology, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carlos Marcelo S
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0222-9231
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Figueredo
keywords: Arachidonic acid; Omega-3 fatty acid; Periodontitis