title: Weight variation in users of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and a copper intrauterine device for up to ten years of use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on record regarding weight variation in depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) users are controversial. To date, no studies have yet evaluated weight variation in DMPA and LNG-IUS users in up to ten years of use compared to non-hormonal contraceptive users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study analysed weight variations in 2138 women using uninterruptedly DMPA (150 mg intramuscularly, three-monthly; n = 714), the LNG-IUS (n = 701) or a copper-intrauterine device (Cu-IUD; n = 723).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the first year of use, there was a mean weight increase of 1.3 kg, 0.7 kg and 0.2 kg among the DMPA-, LNG-IUS- and Cu-IUD users, respectively, compared to weight at baseline (p < 0.0001). After ten years of use, the mean weight had risen by 6.6 kg, 4.0 and 4.9 kg among the DMPA-, LNG-IUS- and Cu-IUD users, respectively. DMPA-users had gained more weight than LNG-IUS- (p = 0.0197) and than Cu-IUD users (p = 0.0294), with the latter two groups not differing significantly from each other in this respect (p = 0.5532).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Users of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive methods gained a significant amount of weight over the years. DMPA users gained more weight over the treatment period of up to ten years than women fitted with either a LNG-IUS or a Cu-IUD.
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Waleska
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Modesto
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Nazaré Silva dos Santos
authors.forename: Vinicius Machado
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Luiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahamondes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
keywords: Copper IUD; Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate; Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system; Weight