title: Allergic manifestation by black gram (Vigna mungo) proteins in allergic patients, BALB/c mice and RBL-2H3 cells.
abstract: The prevalence of black gram (Vigna mungo) induced allergic reactions are reported from several parts of the world including Asia and Australia. But, a thorough exploration of the allergic reactions induced by black gram proteins is still lacking. Therefore, efforts have been made to explore black gram allergy using in vivo and in vitro approaches. In this study, Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) assay and IgE immunoblotting were carried out to identify clinically relevant allergens of black gram. BALB/c mice and RBL-2H3 cells were used for elucidation of allergenic reactions of black gram proteins. Further, this study was extended to screen black gram sensitive patients among nasobronchial allergic patients on the basis of clinical history, skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE levels and IgE immunoblotting. Enhanced levels of specific IgE, IgG1/IgG2a (p < 0.05), histamine (p < 0.05), clinical symptoms, pathological indications in the lungs, intestine and spleen were evident in black gram sensitized BALB/c mice. Moreover, the expression of Th2 cytokine transcripts and GATA-3/T-bet ratio was found enhanced in the treated group. In vitro studies on RBL-2H3 cells,showed increased release of β-hexosaminidase (p < 0.05), histamine (p < 0.05), cysteinyl leukotriene (p<0.05) and prostaglandin D2 (p < 0.05). Further, 8.5% of screened patients were found allergic to black gram and concomitant sensitization with other allergens has shown the possibility of further enhancement in allergenic problem. Conclusively, the present study suggested that black gram consumption may be responsible for inducing immediate type of allergic sensitization in susceptible subjects.
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Alok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Akanksha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India.
authors.forename: Rinkesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Central Pathology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), M.G. Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Bhushan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.affiliation: Department of TB, Chest & Respiratory Diseases, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Giridhar
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mukul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India. Electronic address: pddwivedi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Premendra D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003429:Cross Reactions; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene / Q000378:metabolism; D012882:Skin Tests; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D016207:Cytokines; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; C083169:leukotriene D4 receptor; D015230:Prostaglandin D2
keywords: Allergens; Food allergy; IgE; Naso-bronchial patients; RBL-2H3 cells