title: The anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybean on a Peyronie disease rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of anthocyanin as a supplement for the treatment of Peyronie disease (PD) by examining the anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis activities of anthocyanin in a PD animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed the preliminary experiment to confirm the plaque formation of tunica albuginea (TA). Six animals received fibrin (TISSEEL VH Sealer; Baxter, Glendale, CA; 30 μL each of human fibrin and thrombin solutions) injections into the TA. After 2 weeks, PD-like plaque formation was confirmed by Masson trichrome staining in preliminary experimental animal group. A PD rat model was made by intratunical injection of fibrin. Experimental animals were divided into 3 groups as follows: control group (n = 8), PD group (n = 8), and anthocyanin-treated group (n = 8) that received anthocyanin at 50 mg/kg twice a day for 4 weeks using orogastric tubes. After 4 weeks, penile tissue was collected to perform Masson trichrome and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed PD-like plaque formation by Masson trichrome stain 2 weeks after fibrin injection. The ratio of smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum in the PD group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <.05). The PD group showed strong TGF-β1 immunoreactivity with increased expression in the collagenous connective tissues and fibroblasts around the TA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed PD-like plaque formation after 2 weeks of fibrin injections into the TA. This is the first study to suggest that anthocyanin extracted from black soybean may have anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects for penile plaque formation in rat PD models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woong Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Sin
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: ksw1227@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sae Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen