title: Relations of behavioral autonomy to health outcomes among emerging adults with and without type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation of behavioral autonomy to psychological, behavioral, and physical health among emerging adults with and without type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  High school seniors with (n = 118) and without type 1 diabetes (n = 122) completed online questionnaires for three consecutive years. Behavioral autonomy, psychological health, risk behaviors, and diabetes outcomes were assessed. Regression analyses were conducted to predict Time 2 and 3 outcomes, controlling for Time 1 outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no group differences in behavioral autonomy. Behavioral autonomy predicted better psychological health but only for emerging adults without diabetes. Behavioral autonomy was related to increased risk behavior for both groups. Behavioral autonomy was unrelated to self-care but predicted better glycemic control for females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral autonomy may be beneficial for psychological health, but is related to increased risk behavior. The implications of behavioral autonomy for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes require careful consideration.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Rand Corporation, Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh vh2e@andrew.cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Vicki S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Helgeson
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Rand Corporation, Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Kerry A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Rand Corporation, Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Rand Corporation, Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Rand Corporation, Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siminerio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: adolescent; autonomy; diabetes mellitus, emerging adults; risk-taking; type 1