title: Formulation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of glibenclamide incorporated niosomal gel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The research aims to formulate and develop the controlled release profile of glibenclamide by encapsulating glibenclamide into niosomes followed by incorporation into an aqueous gel base.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glibenclamide incorporated niosomes were prepared by a modified ether injection technique using Span 20/Span 80 and cholesterol. The prepared niosomes were evaluated for chemical incompatibility by FT-IR, morphology, vesicle dimension, encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro diffusion and drug release kinetics. Niosomal gels were prepared by incorporating the optimized niosomes into a gel base containing Carbopol 934 and evaluated for viscosity, in-vitro diffusion and in-vivo pharmacodynamic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that relationship between the amount of Span and niosomal vesicular diameter was inversely proportional. Microscopic images have illustrated the sphere shape vesicles. The cumulative percentage of drug release from niosomal suspension was observed in the order GN-4>GN-2>GN- 6>GN-5>GN-3>GN-1. Glibenclamide gel showed highest percentage drug release when compared to niosomal gel. Invivo study revealed that the glibenclamide incorporated niosomal gel formulation; GNG-1 is more efficient in lowering blood glucose levels in experimental animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The niosomal gel of glibenclamide had released the drug in well controlled manner which is supported by pharmacodynamic activity with evidence of consistent lowering of blood glucose levels.
authors.forename: Harini C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Vadlamudi
authors.forename: Prasanna R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Yalavarthi
authors.forename: Rao P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
authors.forename: K  R
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandana
authors.forename: Jayasri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vulava
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupati- 517102, India. vadlamudi.harini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thulasi Chowdary
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Gutta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D005905:Glyburide