title: Effect of Elliptical High Intensity Interval Training on Metabolic Risk Factor in Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of 12 weeks of elliptical high intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic risk factors and body composition in pre- and type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen pre- (n = 8) and type 2 diabetes (n = 8) participants completed this study. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, anthropometric measurements, body composition (DXA), blood pressure, resting heart rate, VO2max, and dietary factors, as well as total and physical activity energy expenditure, were measured. The HIIT program on the elliptical was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the intervention, we observed a significant improvement for fasting blood glucose, waist and hip circumference, appendicular fat mass, leg lean body mass and appendicular lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and VO2max (P < .05). In addition, we noted a lower tendency for leg fat mass (P = .06) and diastolic blood pressure (P = .05) as well as a higher tendency for total energy expenditure (P = .06) after the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study indicates that elliptical HIIT seems to improve metabolic risk factors and body composition in pre- and type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fex
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leduc-Gaudet
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Filion
authors.forename: Antony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Karelis
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubertin-Leheudre
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012307:Risk Factors; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human