title: Ophthalmic manifestations in patients with ectodermal dysplasia syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a disorder that results from abnormal formation of at least two of the four major ectodermal derivatives in the developing embryo. The ectoderm of the embryo forms the skin, teeth, hair and nails, sweat glands and part of the eyes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to reveal ophthalmologic symptoms and signs as multidisciplinary, reliable criteria for ectodermal dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 24 patients with ED were analyzed from the recorded data. Ophthalmological examination of the patients, who had previously received the diagnosis of ED in the dental department, was done. During the examination, ocular symptoms related to tear film, corneal changes, lacrimal duct, periorbital hyperpigmentation, alteration lashes and eyebrows were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age ranged between 3-45, and the mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) was 15.8 ± 7.4 years. The number of males was 13 (54.2%) and females, 11 (45.8%). Eighteen patients (75.0%) suffered from ocular complaints related to the ocular surface. In 11 of the patients with ED, there were dry eye symptoms. While the mean age of cases with eye involvement was 17.5, it was 23.1 in cases with dry eye symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the study, it was observed that, in patients with ED, ocular complaints, particularly dry eye symptoms, may increase as age advances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keklikci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Izzet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tunik
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zelal Baskan
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Ulku
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akdeniz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000150:complications*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies