title: Hearing loss among patients with Turner's syndrome: literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Turner's syndrome (TS) is caused by a partial or total deletion of an X chromosome, occurring in 1:2,000 to 1:5,000 live born females. Hearing loss is one of its major clinical manifestations. However, there are few studies investigating this problem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of hearing impairment in patients with TS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bibliographic search was performed in the Medline and Lilacs databanks (1980-2012) to identify the main papers associating Turner's syndrome, hearing impairment and its clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent otitis media, dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, conductive hearing loss during infancy and sensorineural hearing loss in adolescence are the audiologic disorders more common in ST. The karyotype appears to be important in the hearing loss, with studies demonstrating an increased prevalence in patients with monosomy 45,X or isochromosome 46,i(Xq). Morphologic studies of the cochlea are necessary to help out in the clarifying the etiology of the sensorineural hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cresio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Conceição Silva
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000209:etiology*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications*