title: Acute auditory stimulation with different styles of music influences cardiac autonomic regulation in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No clear evidence is available in the literature regarding the acute effect of different styles of music on cardiac autonomic control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of classical baroque and heavy metal musical auditory stimulation on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, HRV was analyzed regarding time (SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, and pNN50) and frequency domain (LF, HF, and LF / HF) in 12 healthy men. HRV was recorded at seated rest for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the participants were exposed to classical baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes through an earphone at seated rest. After exposure to the first song, they remained at rest for five minutes and they were again exposed to classical baroque or heavy metal music. The music sequence was random for each individual. Standard statistical methods were used for calculation of means and standard deviations. Besides, ANOVA and Friedman test were used for parametric and non-parametric distributions, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While listening to heavy metal music, SDNN was reduced compared to the baseline (P = 0.023). In addition, the LF index (ms(2) and nu) was reduced during exposure to both heavy metal and classical baroque musical auditory stimulation compared to the control condition (P = 0.010 and P = 0.048, respectively). However, the HF index (ms(2)) was reduced only during auditory stimulation with music heavy metal (P = 0.01). The LF/HF ratio on the other hand decreased during auditory stimulation with classical baroque music (P = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute auditory stimulation with the selected heavy metal musical auditory stimulation decreased the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation on the heart, while exposure to a selected classical baroque music reduced sympathetic regulation on the heart.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Nervous System (CESNA), Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP, Marilia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sheila Ap F
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Nervous System (CESNA), Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP, Marilia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heraldo L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Faculty of Technology Sciences, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Marcia
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Antonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos B M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vivian F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Medical School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Viviani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barnabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sidney B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando L A
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petenusso
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Raimundo
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Nervous System (CESNA), Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP, Marilia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vitor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Valenti
keywords: Auditory Stimulation; Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular System; Music