title: Content analysis of Australian direct-to-consumer websites for emerging breast cancer imaging devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the nature and frequency of information presented on direct-to-consumer websites for emerging breast cancer imaging devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Content analysis of Australian website advertisements from 2 March 2011 to 30 March 2012, for three emerging breast cancer imaging devices: digital infrared thermal imaging, electrical impedance scanning and electronic palpation imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type of imaging offered, device safety, device performance, application of device, target population, supporting evidence and comparator tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine unique Australian websites promoting a direct-to-consumer breast imaging device were identified. Despite a lack of supporting evidence, 22 websites advertised devices for diagnosis, 20 advertised devices for screening, 13 advertised devices for prevention and 13 advertised devices for identifying breast cancer risk factors. Similarly, advertised ranges of diagnostic sensitivity (78%-99%) and specificity (44%-91%) were relatively high compared with published literature. Direct comparisons with conventional screening tools that favoured the new device were highly prominent (31 websites), and one-third of websites (12) explicitly promoted their device as a suitable alternative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Australian websites for emerging breast imaging devices, which are also available internationally, promote the use of such devices as safe and effective solutions for breast cancer screening and diagnosis in a range of target populations. Many of these claims are not supported by peer-reviewed evidence, raising questions about the manner in which these devices and their advertising material are regulated, particularly when they are promoted as direct alternatives to established screening interventions.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. thomas.vreugdenburg@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Vreugdenburg
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Caroline O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Laurence
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: Health Policy Advisory Committee on Technology, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hiller
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D001315:Australia; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003256:Community Participation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity