title: A retrospective review of the prognostic value of ALDH-1, Bmi-1 and Nanog stem cell markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Stem cell markers are upregulated in various cancers and have potential as prognostic indicators. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of three stem cell markers, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH-1), B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1), and Nanog, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of ALDH-1, Bmi-1, and Nanog in ESCC tissues from 41 patients who received pre-operative chemoradiation. We evaluated the relationship between expression of these markers, and clinicopathological features, tumor regression grade (TRG), and 5-year overall survival (OS). There were no significant associations of ALDH-1 or Bmi-1 expression with age, gender, clinical stage, and treatments (p>0.05). However, patients with Nanog-positive tumors were significantly older than those whose tumors were Nanog-negative (p = 0.033). TRG after treatment was significantly associated with expression of ALDH-1 (p = 0.001), Bmi-1 (p = 0.004), and Nanog (p<0.001). Although OS was significantly better in patients with low TRGs (p = 0.001), there were no significant correlations between ALDH-1, Bmi-1, or Nanog with OS. Expression of ALDH-1, Bmi-1, and Nanog correlated with TRG, but not OS. Further large studies are necessary to fully elucidate the prognostic value of these stem cell markers for ESCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Che
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Siu-Cheung
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jim-Ray
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C069077:BMI1 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1