title: Evaluation of visinin-like protein 1 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mild cognitive impairment as a dynamic biomarker of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The correlations between pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), and concentrations of neuronal calcium sensor proteins, such as visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been discussed in the literature but its utility as biomarker of AD in comparison with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been studied yet.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the clinical utility of the measurement of CSF concentrations of VILIP-1 in patients with AD, MCI subjects, and non-demented controls. The clinical and neuropsychological diagnoses were supported by CSF biomarkers of neurochemical dementia diagnostics: decreased concentrations of Aβ1-42 and/or Aβ42/40 ratio and increased concentrations of Tau and pTau181 proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 33 AD patients, 15 subjects with MCI, and 18 elderly individuals without cognitive deficits. The CSF concentrations of biomarkers tested were determined by using the ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of VILIP-1 in CSF were significantly higher in AD patients compared to the MCI subjects and elderly individuals without cognitive impairment. Increased concentrations of VILIP-1 correlated significantly with reduced Aβ42/40 ratio and higher pTau181 in AD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that VILIP-1 may play a role in the AD pathophysiology and is a good candidate for dynamic biomarker of AD, although this issue requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mroczko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groblewska
authors.affiliation: Research-Scientific-Didactic Centre of Dementia-Related Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Ścinawa, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zboch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muszyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zajkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borawska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, Poland Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmitkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornhuber
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lewczuk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051596:Neurocalcin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D051596:Neurocalcin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C496688:VSNL1 protein, human; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid; mild cognitive impairment; visinin-like protein 1