title: Cardiopulmonary stress testing in children and adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing (CPET) is a vital tool used to assess patients with a history of congenital heart disease. There are several tests in the cardiologist's armamentarium that allow for assessment of cardiac anatomy and function. The majority of these tests are only performed with the body at rest and some even require sedation. Exercise stress testing is unique in allowing assessment of the hemodynamic status of a patient in motion. In addition to providing all the information obtained during an exercise stress test, such as heart rate, rhythm, ST-segment analysis, and blood pressure, the CPET provides critical metabolic information. Parameters such as VO2, oxygen pulse, and VE/VCO2 slope help to detail the patient's physiology in a dynamic state. Decisions can then be better made regarding follow-up plans, acceptable exercise recommendations, and future interventions, if necessary. It allows insight into the patient's exercise capacity and quality of life. Norms for both children and adults with many forms of congenital heart disease are now available allowing appropriate comparisons to be made. This review will discuss in detail the CPET and its application in congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New York Medical College, Maria Fareri Childrens Hospital, Valhalla, NY.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miliaresis
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gewitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide