title: Association between gingivitis and anterior gingival enlargement in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association among gingival enlargement (GE), periodontal conditions and socio-demographic characteristics in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 330 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months were examined by a single calibrated examiner for plaque and gingival indexes, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival enlargement. Socio-economic background, orthodontic treatment duration and use of dental floss were assessed by oral interviews. Associations were assessed by means of unadjusted and adjusted Poisson's regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of gingival bleeding (RR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.01) and excess resin around brackets (RR 1.02; 95% CI 1.02-1.03) were associated with an increase in GE. No associations were found between socio-demographic characteristics and GE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal anterior gingival bleeding and excess resin around brackets are associated with higher levels of anterior gingival enlargement in subjects under orthodontic treatment.
authors.forename: Fabricio Batistin
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Zanatta
authors.forename: Thiago Machado
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ardenghi
authors.forename: Raquel Pippi
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.forename: Tatiana Militz Perrone
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Cassiano Kuchenbecker
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rösing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000209:etiology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000209:etiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements
keywords: Epidemiology; Gingival enlargement; Gingivitis; Orthodontics