title: Impact of enuresis nocturna on health-related quality of life in children and their mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common childhood disorder. As children age and NE persists, it may become more stressful for both them and their caregivers. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of NE on the quality of life of children who were diagnosed with NE, and their mothers, and to compare the results with a healthy control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two children with NE, and their mothers, and 93 healthy children and their mothers were enrolled in the study. The sociodemographic data were evaluated. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Scales (PedsQL 4.0) were used to assess the children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL); and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument; short form (WHOQOL-BREF) was used for the mothers' HRQoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PedsQL 4.0 mean scores for the children with NE group were as follows: total score, 68.74; physical health score, 72.79; psychosocial health score, 66.56. The scores for the children in the control group were as follows: total score, 80.98; physical health score, 81.11; psychosocial health score, 80.88. The WHOQOL-BREF scores for the mothers of the children with NE were as follows: physical health score, 67.90; psychosocial health score, 62.66; social relationships score, 60.90; environmental area score, 61.04. The WHOQOL-BREF scores for the mothers in the control group were as follows: physical health score, 75.96; psychosocial health score, 72.39; social relationships score, 72.18; environmental area score, 67.44.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturnal enuresis negatively affects the quality of life of both children and their mothers. Therefore, when physicians see children with enuresis, they should also be aware of the effect of NE on the mothers' quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: gkilicoglu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kilicoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: canerrmutluu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: mkbahali@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bahali
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: hilaldr2@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adaletli
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: dr_haticegunes@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: handanmetin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H Metin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: hipek8@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H Ipek
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Toz
authors.affiliation: Ankara Pediatric and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hematoloji Onkoloji EAH, Çocuk Psikiyatri Polikliniği Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ozdenuneri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Uneri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Children; Mothers; Nocturnal enuresis; Quality of life