title: 'Rare biosphere' bacteria as key phenanthrene degraders in coastal seawaters.
abstract: By coupling DNA-SIP and pyrosequencing approaches, we identified Cycloclasticus sp. as a keystone degrader of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) despite being a member of the 'rare biosphere' in NW Mediterranean seawaters. We discovered novel PAH-degrading bacteria (Oceanibaculum sp., Sneathiella sp.) and we identified other groups already known to possess this function (Alteromonas sp., Paracoccus sp.). Together with Cycloclasticus sp., these groups contributed to potential in situ phenanthrene degradation at a rate >0.5 mg l(-1) day(-1), sufficient to account for a considerable part of PAH degradation. Further, we characterized the PAH-tolerant bacterial communities, which were much more diverse in the polluted site by comparison to unpolluted marine references. PAH-tolerant bacteria were also members of the rare biosphere, such as Glaciecola sp. Collectively, these data show the complex interactions between PAH-degraders and PAH-tolerant bacteria and provide new insights for the understanding of the functional ecology of marine bacteria in polluted waters.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauret
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Séverin
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; CNRS, UMR 8222, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environments Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vétion
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France; CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guigue
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France; CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goutx
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pujo-Pay
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conan
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; CNRS, UMR 8222, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environments Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France.
authors.forename: Sonja K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fagervold
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France. Electronic address: ghiglione@obs-banyuls.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ghiglione
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: DNA-SIP pyrosequencing; Keystone species; PAH-degraders; PAH-tolerant bacteria; Rare biosphere