title: In vitro anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of extracts from the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of the study was to determine the antidiabetic mechanisms and the antioxidant effects of aqueous (decoction and maceration) and methanol extracts from the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra.
  
  
  METHODS
  These extracts were tested in vitro on glucose uptake by skeletal muscles and liver slices and on glucose release by liver slices. The antioxidant activities of C. pentandra extracts were investigated at concentrations ranging from 1 to 300 µg/mL on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hemolysis, H2O2-induced brain lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl (˙OH) radical as well as their reducing power.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decoction similarly to insulin exhibited a significant glucose lowering activity. In a hyperglycemic milieu, it significantly increased glucose uptake by the liver by 56.57% and in the skeletal muscle by 94.19%. In a hypoglycemic milieu, it significantly reduced glucose release by the liver by 33.94%. The decoction, maceration and methanol extracts exhibited a significant radical scavenging activity on DPPH with respective EC50 of 87.84, 54.77 and 6.15 µg/mL versus 2.24 µg/mL observed with ascorbic acid. All the extracts showed a significant antioxidant effect on hydroxyl radical, against lipid peroxidation and H2O2-induced hemolysis. The decoction showed the greatest antihemolytic effect with a maximum inhibition of 77.57% at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. C. pentandra extracts also showed a concentration-dependent reducing power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the antidiabetic effect of C. pentandra is due to its ability to increase glucose uptake and to reduce glucose release by target organs. The antioxidant properties of C. pentandra extracts are additional benefit for their antidiabetic effects.
authors.forename: Christian Kuete
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fofie
authors.forename: Sylvie Léa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wansi
authors.forename: Elvine Pami
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Nguelefack-Mbuyo
authors.forename: Albert Donatien
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Atsamo
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watcho
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamanyi
authors.forename: Tsabang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nole
authors.forename: Télesphore Benoît
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Nguelefack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D035164:Ceiba; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D005947:Glucose