title: Chronic activation of central AMPK attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in diabetic rats.
abstract: We investigated the effects of chronic AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation in the hypothalamus on energy and glucose metabolism in 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats. Diabetic rats fed a high fat diet were divided into 3 groups and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administered with one of the following: 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR, AMPK activator; 80 μg/day), AICAR+compound C (AMPK inhibitor; 6.2 μg/day), or an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control) by means of osmotic pumps for 4 weeks. In the hypothalamus, central AICAR activated the phosphorylation of AMPK whereas adding compound C suppressed the activation. AICAR increased body weight and epididymal and retroperitoneal fat mass by increasing energy intake for the first 2 weeks and decreasing energy expenditure, whereas compound C reversed the AICAR effect on energy metabolism. Indirect calorimetry revealed that ICV-AICAR decreased carbohydrate oxidation, but not fat oxidation, compared to the control. During euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, central AICAR increased hepatic glucose output at hyperinsulinemic states. ICV-AICAR increased expressions of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and decreased expression of hepatic genes related to thermogenesis whereas compound C nullified the AICAR effect. Insulin secretion in the first and second phases decreased in AICAR-treated rats at hyperglycemic clamp, but compound C nullified the decrease. However, central AICAR did not alter β-cell mass via its proliferation or apoptosis. In conclusion, chronic hypothalamic AMPK activation impaired energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis by increasing food intake, increasing hepatic glucose output and decreasing insulin secretion in diabetic rats. The impairment of energy and glucose homeostasis by AMPK activation was nullified by an AMPK inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: smpark@hoseo.edu.
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da Sol
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Institutes, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Keun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMPK; Energy; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Leptin