title: Impact of cigarette smoking on coronary plaque composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cigarette smoking is associated with atherosclerosis and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the impact of cigarette smoking on coronary plaque composition using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 143 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. A history of illness, as well as smoking habits, was obtained by interview. Participants were asked to report whether they were current smokers, had quit smoking, or had never smoked. According to interview results, patients were divided into the following three groups: current, former, and never smokers. Conventional and IB-IVUS tissue characterization analyses were carried out. Three-dimensional analyses were carried out to determine plaque volume and the volume of each plaque component (lipid, fibrous, and calcified).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IB-IVUS analysis indicated that the patients in the current smoker group had significantly increased percent lipid volume and significantly decreased percent fibrous volume (P=0.01 and 0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that the current smoking state (odds ratio 3.51, 95% confidence interval 1.02-12.10, P=0.04) was independently associated with the presence of lipid-rich plaques, which was defined as the upper 75th percentile of the study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking is independently associated with lipid-rich plaques, contributing to the increasing risk for plaque vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi bDepartment of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine cDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waseda
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Mutsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids