title: Engineering the next generation of clinical deep brain stimulation technology.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has evolved into a powerful clinical therapy for a range of neurological disorders, but even with impressive clinical growth, DBS technology has been relatively stagnant over its history. However, enhanced collaborations between neural engineers, neuroscientists, physicists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons are beginning to address some of the limitations of current DBS technology. These interactions have helped to develop novel ideas for the next generation of clinical DBS systems. This review attempts collate some of that progress with two goals in mind. First, provide a general description of current clinical DBS practices, geared toward educating biomedical engineers and computer scientists on a field that needs their expertise and attention. Second, describe some of the technological developments that are currently underway in surgical targeting, stimulation parameter selection, stimulation protocols, and stimulation hardware that are being directly evaluated for near term clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: ccm4@case.edu.
authors.forename: Cameron C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Reuben R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Shamir
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lempka
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000639:trends*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000639:trends
keywords: Depression; Dystonia; Epilepsy; Essential tremor; Neuromodulation; Obsessive compulsive disorder; Parkinson's disease