title: X-ray micro-diffraction studies on biological samples at the BioCAT Beamline 18-ID at the Advanced Photon Source.
abstract: The small source sizes of third-generation synchrotron sources are ideal for the production of microbeams for diffraction studies of crystalline and non-crystalline materials. While several such facilities have been available around the world for some time now, few have been optimized for the handling of delicate soft-tissue specimens under cryogenic conditions. Here the development of a new X-ray micro-diffraction instrument at the Biophysics Collaborative Access Team beamline 18-ID at the Advanced Photon Source, and its use with newly developed cryo-diffraction techniques for soft-tissue studies, are described. The combination of the small beam sizes delivered by this instrument, the high delivered flux and successful cryo-freezing of rat-tail tendon has enabled us to record data to better than 4 Å resolution. The ability to quickly raster scan samples in the beam allows selection of ordered regions in fibrous samples for markedly improved data quality. Examples of results of experiments obtainable using this instrument are presented.
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barrea
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Antipova
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heurich
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vukonich
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kujala
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Irving
authors.affiliation: The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), CSRRI and Departments of Biology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: J P R O
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Orgel
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D007798:Lampreys; D009672:Notochord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects; D017785:Photons; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017356:Synchrotrons / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: X-ray diffraction; amyloid; biological samples; collagen; microfocus