title: The 13C-glucose breath test is a valid non-invasive screening tool to identify metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an important risk factor in pediatric population for the early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. New non-invasive tools are required to identify MS in at risk populations; the aim of this study was to determine an optimal cut-off point for the 13C-glucose breath test (13C-GBT) for the diagnosis of MS in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 136 adolescents between 10 and 16 years old were recruited. MS was defined as: waist circumference >90th percentile and at least two of the following; high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) <50 mg/dL, triglycerides >110 mg/dL, diastolic and/or systolic blood pressure >90th percentile adjusted by age, gender and height, and/or fasting glucose >100 mg/dL. After the ingestion of a glucose load of 1.75 g/kg of body weight (up to 75 g) and an oral dose of 1.5 mg of universally labeled 13C-glucose/kg dissolved in water, breath samples were taken at baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Exhaled 13CO2 in breath samples was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13C-GBT data, expressed as adjusted cumulative percentage of oxidized dose (A% OD) at 180 min, was significantly higher in the healthy subjects group (17.72%±4.9%) in comparison with subjects with ≥3, 2 or 1 components of the MS (9.95%±4.73%, 14.3%±4.47% and 14.62%±4.62%, respectively). The optimal cut-off point for the A% OD was 16.09, with a sensitivity of 81.5% and a specificity of 66.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the 13C-glucose breath test could be a valid screening method to identify MS in adolescents.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salas-Fernández
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Hernández
authors.forename: Azucena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Basila
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez-Razo
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jasso-Saavedra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001944:Breath Tests; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005947:Glucose