title: New molecularly-imprinted polymer for carnitine and its application as ionophore in potentiometric selective membranes.
abstract: Carnitine (CRT) is a biological metabolite found in urine that contributes in assessingseveral disease conditions, including cancer. Novel quick screening procedures for CRT are therefore fundamental. This work proposes a novel potentiometric device where molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were used as ionophores. The host-tailored sites were imprinted on a polymeric network assembled by radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and trimethylpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). Non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were produced as control by removing the template from the reaction media. The selective membrane was prepared by dispersing MIP or NIP particles in plasticizer and poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, and casting this mixture over a solid contact support made of graphite. The composition of the selective membrane was investigated with regard to kind/amount of sensory material (MIP or NIP), and the need for a lipophilic additive. Overall, MIP sensors with additive exhibited the best performance, with near-Nernstian response down to ~1×10(-4)mol L(-1), at pH5, and a detection limit of ~8×10(-5)mol L(-1). Suitable selectivity was found for all membranes, assessed by the matched potential method against some of the most common species in urine (urea, sodium, creatinine, sulfate, fructose and hemoglobin). CRT selective membranes including MIP materials were applied successfully to the potentiometric determination of CRT in urine samples.
authors.affiliation: BioMark, Sensor Research, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; IUT Chimie LILLE, Le Recueil, Rue de la Recherche, B.P. 90 179, 59653 Villeneuve D'Ascq CEDEX, France.
authors.forename: Joséphine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moret
authors.affiliation: BioMark, Sensor Research, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Felismina T C
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: BioMark, Sensor Research, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sofia A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: BioMark, Sensor Research, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: goreti.sales@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M Goreti F
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sales
mesh_terms: D002331:Carnitine / Q000737:chemistry*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011199:Potentiometry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D007476:Ionophores; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Carnitine; Molecularly-imprinted polymer; Potentiometry; Sensor; Urine