title: Imaging of iatrogenic complications of the urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
abstract: Iatrogenic complications of various severities may arise from many, if not all, forms of medical and surgical treatment. Most of these occur in spite of proper precautions. Every system in the human body may be affected, and the urinary tract is no exception. Radiologists are often the first to suspect and identify such iatrogenic injuries and, therefore, awareness of the pertinent imaging findings is vital. This review explores and illustrates many of the common and less common iatrogenic complications affecting the kidney, ureters, and bladder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Bhavik N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, 2 Derech Sheba, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel. Electronic address: ggayer@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gayer
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000293:injuries*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: Bladder; Iatrogenic injury; Imaging; Kidney; Ureter; Urinary tract