title: Genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium parasite IS NOT associated with severity of disease in an endemic area in Sudan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over 650 million people globally are at risk of schistosomiasis infection, while more than 200 million people are infected of which the higher disease rates occur in children. Eighty three students between 6-20 years (mean 12.45 ± 3.2) from Quran School for boys in Radwan village, Gezira state were recruited to investigate for the relationship between the genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium strains and the severity of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Schistosoma haematobium infection was detected by filtration of urine. Ultrasonography was done on each study subject, while PCR technique was used for genotyping via random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with A01, A02, A12, Y20 and A13 primers. A01 primer gave three different genotypes (A01-1, A01-2 and A01-3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 54.2% (45/83) were S. haematobium egg positive by urine filtration. On assessment of the upper and lower urinary tract by ultrasound technique, 61.4% (51/83) were positiveand73.3% (60/83) samples were PCR positive. No significant difference was found when comparing the three different genotypes with severity of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study concludes that no association was found between the different genotypes of S.haemtobium and the severity of the disease. Examination of more samples from different areas to identify any possible differences between the parasites genes and disease severity was recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wadmedani, Sudan. nag_la@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nagla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gasmelseed
authors.forename: Nhashal E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Karamino
authors.forename: Mohammed O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Abdelwahed
authors.forename: Anas O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Hamdoun
authors.forename: Ahmed E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elmadani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000235:genetics*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013397:Sudan; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers