title: Self-efficacy as an appraisal that moderates the coping-emotion relationship: associations among people with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: The way a coping strategy is expressed might depend on the nature of underlying efficacy expectations. For example, a cognitive coping strategy may have different content depending on efficacy beliefs underpinning the strategy's formulation and application. As such, self-efficacy (SE), as an appraisal, may moderate relationships between coping and outcomes: coping effects may differ depending on SE. This process was examined in 127 rheumatoid arthritis patients attending routine patient education/self-management programmes. Participants completed questionnaire measures of SE, coping, anxiety and depression at baseline and at 8 weeks follow-up. Regression analyses focused on coping and SE change variables, and their concurrent association with measures of change in anxiety and depression. Results highlighted contributions to these emotional variables from interactions between coping and SE. The nature of associations between coping and emotional outcomes was found to differ according to efficacy appraisals. This may have implications for clinical practice in that the adaptive significance of adjustment efforts may differ according to underlying SE.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Wales , Swansea , UK.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Zoë
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cockshott
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hewlett
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Self-efficacy; anxiety; appraisal; coping; depression; rheumatoid arthritis