title: Infections in "noninfectious" lung diseases.
abstract: Many chronic pulmonary diseases, including those that are not primarily infectious in etiology, have some aspects of their pathogenesis that are influenced by infectious organisms. Microorganisms may contribute to chronic lung diseases, either directly (i.e., overt infection) or indirectly, via the amplification of inflammatory pathways that are critical to host defense. As techniques for detecting and characterizing microorganisms have advanced, investigations of both infecting and colonizing organisms have yielded new insights into mechanisms of pulmonary disease. In addition, changes in patterns of infection and microbial resistance have important implications for treatment. Examples of these infectious-pulmonary associations, including Haemophilus influenzae infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nontuberculous mycobacteria and bronchiectasis, and human immunodeficiency virus and obstructive lung disease, are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Meghan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: Prabir
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gingo
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Haemophilus influenza; bronchiectasis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; human immunodeficiency virus; nontuberculous mycobacteria