title: Comparison of chemokines (CCL-5 and SDF-1), chemokine receptors (CCR-5 and CXCR-4) and IL-6 levels in patients with different severities of depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression can be perceived as a psychoneuroimmunological disorder in which cytokines affecting the body's neurochemical and neuroendocrine functions play an important role. Among cytokines, chemokines participating in activation of the inflammatory response are considered to be crucial.
  
  
  METHODS
  160 men and women were enrolled in the study. 120 of them were diagnosed with various types of depression. The mean age was 45.2 ± 4.5 years (range: 19-47 years). The control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals. The average age in this group was 42.4 ± 4.1 years. Plasma levels of chemokines and their receptors (CCL-5 - RANTES and CXCR-5, SDF-1 and CXCR-4), as well as of IL-6, were assessed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increase in SDF-1 and CCL-5 levels in women and men with different severities of depression, versus the control group. Also, an increase in the IL-6 levels, CXCR4 and CCR-5 receptors was observed in both women and men with all types of depression. Levels of SDF-1 and CCL-5 chemokines, as well as of CCR-5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors, were higher in women than in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate the need for assessment of CCL-5 and SDF-1 chemokines levels, as they are likely markers of developing depression. Early measurement of these chemokines levels may be helpful in choosing the best pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Electronic address: e.oglodek@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ogłodek
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szota
authors.affiliation: Piekary Medical Centre, Department of General Surgery, Municipal Hospital in Piekary Śląskie, Piekary Śląskie, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Just
authors.affiliation: Health Care Centre Euro-Med Bytom, Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moś
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araszkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000097:blood; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C584933:CCR5 protein, human; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4
keywords: Chemokine; Chemokine receptors; Depression