title: Horner syndrome after tonsillectomy: an anatomic perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Horner syndrome after tonsillectomy has been reported rarely in the literature. Furthermore, postoperative Horner syndrome lasting more than a 1 month is an even more rare occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a persistent postoperative Horner syndrome in a 5-year-old child following tonsillectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical diagnosis of Horner syndrome is confirmed pharmacologically, and damage to the oculosympathetic pathway at the level of the superior cervical ganglion is radiographically demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional monopolar electrosurgical dissection led to irreversible damage of ganglionic neural tissue at the level of the palatine tonsilar fossa and permanent Horner syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, Great Neck, New York; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York. Electronic address: ChristinaG@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannikas
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, Great Neck, New York; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Pomeranz
authors.affiliation: Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: Lee P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: Zipora
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fefer
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D006732:Horner Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Horner syndrome; anhidrosis; anisocoria; meiosis; oculosympathetic paresis; ptosis; tonsillectomy