title: Testing the effectiveness of 3D film for laboratory-based studies of emotion.
abstract: Research in psychology and affective neuroscience often relies on film as a standardized and reliable method for evoking emotion. However, clip validation is not undertaken regularly. This presents a challenge for research with adolescent and young adult samples who are exposed routinely to high-definition (HD) three-dimensional (3D) stimuli and may not respond to older, validated film clips. Studies with young people inform understanding of emotional development, dysregulated affect, and psychopathology, making it critical to assess whether technological advances improve the study of emotion. In the present study, we examine whether 3D film is more evocative than 2D using a tightly controlled within-subjects design. Participants (n  =  408) viewed clips during a concurrent psychophysiological assessment. Results indicate that both 2D and 3D technology are highly effective tools for emotion elicitation. However, 3D does not add incremental benefit over 2D, even when individual differences in anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and novelty seeking are considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bride
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sheila E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Crowell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Baucom
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Caitlin G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chloe R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaptangco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011603:Psychophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult