title: The Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study: Design and baseline characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of dementia. The prospective longitudinal Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study aims at identifying T2D-related characteristics associated with cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects are population-based T2D 65+, initially cognitively intact. Medical conditions, blood examinations, and medication use data are since 1998; cognitive, functional, demographic, psychiatric, DNA, and inflammatory marker study assessments were conducted every 18 months. Because the duration of T2D reflects its chronicity and implications, we compared short (0-4.99 years), moderate (5-9.99), and long (10+) duration for the first 897 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The long duration group used more T2D medications, had higher glucose, lower glomerular filtration rate, slower walking speed, and poorer cognitive functioning. Duration was not associated with most medical, blood, urine, and vital characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tracking cognition, with face-to-face evaluations, exploiting 15 years of historical detailed computerized, easily accessible, and validated T2D-related characteristics may provide novel insights into T2D-related dementia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: michal.beeri@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Michal Schnaider
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Beeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ramit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravona-Springer
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moshier
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmeidler
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godbold
authors.affiliation: Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karpati
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leroith
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koifman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.affiliation: Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.
authors.forename: Hadas
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heymann
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018672:Community Health Planning; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Cognitive decline; Cognitively normal; Dementia; Elderly; Risk factors; Study design; Type 2 diabetes