title: Porous high-density polyethylene in functional rhinoplasty: Excellent long-term aesthetic results and safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experience with the use of porous high-density polyethylene (PHDPE) for reconstruction of the nasal framework has been limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the safety and utility of PHDPE by analyzing aesthetic outcomes and assessing the frequency of complication related to PHDPE in a large, population-based, long-term follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 151 patients who had undergone septoplasty and/or functional rhinoplasty using PHDPE were enrolled. PHDPE sheets were used for diverse purposes such as septal extension graft, spreader graft, columellar strut or dorsal augmentation graft. After a long-term follow-up period (mean [± SD] 39.5±27.8 months; range six to 101 months), postoperative aesthetic outcome was evaluated objectively (by independent surgeons) and subjectively (patient self-report). Complications related to PHDPE were estimated through review of medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common use of the PHDPE graft was for septal extension (n=80 [42.6%]) and spreader graft (n=58 [30.9%]). Results of aesthetic evaluation by surgeons were excellent in 61 cases (40.4%), good in 54 (35.8%) and fair in 34 (22.5%). According to patient self-report, 100 were 'satisfied' (66.2%) and 36 rated their new profile as 'better than the preoperative profile' (23.8%). Complications were reported in six cases (4.0% [five cases of extrusion and one case of infection]). All complications were resolved after the surgical removal of PHDPE sheets under local anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that PHDPE could be used in functional primary rhinoplasty with excellent long-term aesthetic results and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyo
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jang
keywords: Aesthetics; Polyethylenes; Postoperative complications; Rhinoplasty