title: Measurement of regional pulse-wave velocity using spatial compound imaging of the common carotid artery in vivo.
abstract: Pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is an important index for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. The pulse wave is volumetric change induced by heartbeat or inflowing blood, and significantly depends on the propagating path and stiffness of the artery. In this study, PWV of the propagating wave was visualized using spatial compound imaging with high temporal resolution. The frame rate was 1000 Hz, or a time interval of 1 ms. Subjects were four young healthy males and one young healthy female (n=5, age: 23.8±1.17 years old), and the measurement area was the right common carotid artery. PWVs in four phases (the four phases of heart valve opening and closing) were investigated during a cardiac cycle. In phase I, the heart pulsates. In phase II, the tricuspid and mitral valves close, and the aortic and pulmonic valves open. In phase III, the tricuspid and mitral valves open, and the aortic and pulmonic valves close. In phase IV, the propagating wave is reflected. PWVs in phases II and III were easily observed. PWVs were 3.52±1.11 m/s in phase I, 5.62±0.30 m/s in phase II, 7.94±0.85 m/s in phase III, and -4.60±0.99 m/s for the reflective wave. PWV was measured using Spatial Compound Imaging with high temporal resolution, and the PWV in each phase may be used as the index for diagnosing stages of arteriosclerosis progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan. Electronic address: ryo@ecei.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Genta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masuno
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Development, Honda Electronics Co., Ltd., 20 Oyamazuka, Oiwa-cho, Toyohashi 411-3193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Wave-Triggered Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Wave-Triggered Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saijo
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000502:physiology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000502:physiology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arterial Stiffness; High frame rate imaging; Pulse-wave velocity; Spatial compound imaging; Ultrasound