title: Feasibility of electrokinetic oxygen supply for soil bioremediation purposes.
abstract: This paper studies the possibility of providing oxygen to a soil by an electrokinetic technique, so that the method could be used in future aerobic polluted soil bioremediation treatments. The oxygen was generated from the anodic reaction of water electrolysis and transported to the soil in a laboratory-scale electrokinetic cell. Two variables were tested: the soil texture and the voltage gradient. The technique was tested in two artificial soils (clay and sand) and later in a real silty soil, and three voltage gradients were used: 0.0 (control), 0.5, and 1.0 V cm(-1). It was observed that these two variables strongly influenced the results. Oxygen transport into the soil was only available in the silty and sandy soils by oxygen diffusion, obtaining high dissolved oxygen concentrations, between 4 and 9 mg L(-1), useful for possible aerobic biodegradation processes, while transport was not possible in fine-grained soils such as clay. Electro-osmotic flow did not contribute to the transport of oxygen, and an increase in voltage gradients produced higher oxygen transfer rates. However, only a minimum fraction of the electrolytically generated oxygen was efficiently used, and the maximum oxygen transport rate observed, approximately 1.4 mgO2 L(-1)d(-1), was rather low, so this technique could be only tested in slow in-situ biostimulation processes for organics removal from polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mena Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: Jose.Villasenor@uclm.es.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villaseñor Camacho
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigo Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cañizares Cañizares
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Electrokinetics; Electrolytic oxygen; Oxygen transport; Soil bioremediation