title: Effects of different inoculation routes on the parasitic sites of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens.
abstract: Cryptosporidiosis is prevalent in domesticated, caged, and wild birds. Cryptosporidium baileyi, an ascendant species of avian Cryptosporidium, is an important pathogen. It causes respiratory disease in chickens, especially chickens younger than 50 days. In this study, SEM, histological, semi-quantitative PCR, and nested PCR techniques were used to explore the impact of different inoculation routes on sites of C. baileyi infection in chickens. Results showed that inoculation with sporozoites or oocysts via the rectum was an effective means of causing infection. This may provide an important reference for the development of the transfection system of C. baileyi in chickens. Numerous endogenous stages of C. baileyi were observed in the bursas of Fabricius (BF) and cloacas of chickens inoculated with sporozoites or oocysts via the rectum, but no parasite was seen in the tracheas of any of these chickens. In chickens infected with oocysts via the crop, the number of parasites in the BF was approximately 23-fold more than in the trachea. All blood samples collected after inoculation were negative for C. baileyi. These data show that C. baileyi was not transferred by blood circulation between the BF and respiratory tract. Different routes of inoculation were here found to distinctly affect sites of parasitism in chickens. These findings may facilitate further understanding of the biology of C. baileyi and efforts to control avian cryptosporidiosis.
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Animal Diseases and Public Safety Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang 471003, China. Electronic address: ywchao11@126.com.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors.forename: Tianqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Animal Diseases and Public Safety Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 45002, China.
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Animal Quarantine Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000469:parasitology; D002645:Chickens / Q000469:parasitology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000469:parasitology; D003426:Crop, Avian / Q000469:parasitology; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007422:Intestines / Q000469:parasitology; D008168:Lung / Q000469:parasitology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000662:veterinary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D011531:Proventriculus / Q000469:parasitology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012007:Rectum / Q000469:parasitology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014132:Trachea / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Chickens; Cryptosporidium baileyi; Oocysts; Parasitic sites; Rectal inoculation; Sporozoites