title: Mitochondria-immobilized pH-sensitive off-on fluorescent probe.
abstract: We report here a mitochondria-targetable pH-sensitive probe that allows for a quantitative measurement of mitochondrial pH changes, as well as the real-time monitoring of pH-related physiological effects in live cells. This system consists of a piperazine-linked naphthalimide as a fluorescence off-on signaling unit, a cationic triphenylphosphonium group for mitochondrial targeting, and a reactive benzyl chloride subunit for mitochondrial fixation. It operates well in a mitochondrial environment within whole cells and displays a desirable off-on fluorescence response to mitochondrial acidification. Moreover, this probe allows for the monitoring of impaired mitochondria undergoing mitophagic elimination as the result of nutrient starvation. It thus allows for the monitoring of the organelle-specific dynamics associated with the conversion between physiological and pathological states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States.
authors.forename: Min Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chunsik
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kwang Pyo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sessler
authors.forename: Chulhun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jong Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001593:Benzyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004579:Electron Transport; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053644:Naphthalimides / Q000737:chemistry; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000077489:Piperazine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D053644:Naphthalimides; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D010879:Piperazines; C092819:triphenylselenonium chloride; D000077489:Piperazine; C021292:benzyl chloride