title: CPuORF correlates with miRNA responsive elements on protein evolutionary rates.
abstract: miRNA is increasingly being recognized as a key regulator of metabolism in animals. A wealth of evidence has suggested that miRNA mainly binds 3' UTR of mRNA and modulates the cell activities via repressing the mRNA translation. However, as the translation initiates at 5' UTR, cis elements like upstream open reading frame (uORF) resided in 5' UTR may also affect the translation efficiency or elongation. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of miRNA responsive elements (MREs) and uORF of the same transcript in three model organisms (human, mouse, and Drosophila). Intriguingly, we found that the 3' UTR length grew with the complexity of species (human>mouse>Drosophila), in sharp contrast with the invariability of 5' UTR. Additionally, MRE number correlated well with the 3' UTR length, while uORF number showed a weak correlation with the 5' UTR length. Further, we found that human genes with conserved peptide upstream open reading frame (CPuORF) tend to have more MREs and lower evolutionary rates, which provides new insights into the correlation between UTR properties and translational control in animals.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
authors.forename: Wangxiong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
authors.forename: Tingzhang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetics, Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China. Electronic address: zhengshu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D016366:Open Reading Frames
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Correlation; Housekeeping genes; Upstream open reading frame; miRNA responsive elements