title: Epidemiology of gonorrhoea notifications in Australia, 2007-12.
abstract: Background An increase in the notification rate of gonorrhoea was observed in the national surveillance system. In Australia, gonorrhoea is relatively rare, apart from among some populations of Aboriginal people and men who have sex with men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data about gonorrhoea cases reported between 2007 and 2012 from all Australian jurisdictions were extracted from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Analyses were undertaken of the time trends in counts and rates, according to jurisdiction, gender, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, diagnosis method and sexual orientation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The largest increase in notifications between 2007 and 2012 was observed in both men and women in New South Wales (2.9- and 3.7-fold greater in 2012 than 2007, respectively) and Victoria (2.4- and 2.7-fold greater in 2012 than 2007, respectively), men in the Australian Capital Territory and women in Queensland. The highest notification rates remained in Indigenous people in the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and particularly in women, although rates may have decreased over the study period. Changes in age and sex distribution, antimicrobial resistance and patterns of exposure and acquisition were negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an ongoing gonorrhoea epidemic affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, but the increases in notifications have occurred primarily in non-Aboriginal populations in the larger jurisdictions. Interpretation of these surveillance data, especially in relation to changes in population subgroups, would be enhanced by laboratory testing data. Further efforts are needed to decrease infection rates in populations at highest risk.
authors.affiliation: ACT Health, Population Health, Locked Bag 5005, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia.
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts-Witteveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Office of Health Protection, GPO Box 9848, ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.affiliation: Victorian Government, Department of Health, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: Nasra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Queensland, PO Box 48, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, The Prince of Wales Hospital, WHO Collaborating Centre for STD and Neisseria Reference Laboratory, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahra
authors.affiliation: SA Health, Communicable Disease Control Branch, PO Box 6, Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaldor