title: Cost-effectiveness of preoperative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice in pancreatic and periampullary cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent Cochrane Review found that preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer undergoing surgery for obstructive jaundice is associated with similar mortality but increased serious morbidity compared with no PBD. Despite this clinical evidence of its lack of effectiveness, PBD is still in use. We considered the economic implications of PBD versus direct surgery for obstructive jaundice in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Model-based cost-utility analysis estimating mean costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient from the perspective of the UK National Health Service over a 6-month time horizon. A decision tree model was constructed and populated with probabilities, outcomes, and cost data from published sources. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBD was more costly than direct surgery (mean cost per patient £10,775 [$15,616] versus £8221 [$11,914]) and produced fewer QALYs (mean QALYs per patient 0.337 versus 0.343). Not performing PBD would result in cost savings of approximately £2500 ($3623) per patient to the National Health Service. PBD had <10% probability of being cost-effective at a maximum willingness to pay for a QALY of £20,000 ($28,986) to £30,000 ($43,478).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant cost savings to be gained by avoiding routine PBD in patients with resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer where PBD is still routinely used in this context; this economic evidence should be used to support the clinical argument for a change in practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Research Department of General Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kurinchi S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gurusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: j.sheringham@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheringham
authors.affiliation: Research Department of General Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000601:surgery*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004322:Drainage / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D009017:Morbidity; D010179:Pancreas / Q000601:surgery; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Obstructive jaundice; Periampullary cancer; Preoperative biliary drainage