title: The impact of major earthquakes on the psychological functioning of medical students: a Christchurch, New Zealand study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No previous studies have systematically assessed the psychological functioning of medical students following a major disaster.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the psychological functioning of medical students following the earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand, and identify predictors of adverse psychological functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 months following the most severe earthquake, medical students completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, the Work and Adjustment Scale, and Likert scales assessing psychological functioning at worst and currently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A substantial minority of medical students reported moderate-extreme difficulties on the DASS subscales 7 months following the most severe earthquake (Depression =12%; Anxiety =9%; Stress =10%). Multiple linear modelling produced a model that predicted 27% of the variance in total scores on the DASS. Variables contributing significantly to the model were: year of medical course, presence of mental health problems prior to the earthquakes, not being New Zealand European, and being higher on retrospectively rated neuroticism prior to the earthquakes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Around 10% of medical students experienced moderate-extreme psychological difficulties 7 months following the most severe earthquake on 22 February 2011. Specific groups at high risk for ongoing psychological symptomatology were able to be identified.
authors.forename: Frances A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. caroline.bell@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Caroline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D013534:Survival / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult