title: Multilocus typing of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis from non-human primates in China.
abstract: Non-human primates (NHPs) are commonly infected with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. However, molecular characterisation of these pathogens from NHPs remains scarce. In this study, 2,660 specimens from 26 NHP species in China were examined and characterised by PCR amplification of 18S rRNA, 70kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene loci for Cryptosporidium; and 1,386 of the specimens by ssrRNA, triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene loci for Giardia. Cryptosporidium was detected in 0.7% (19/2660) specimens of four NHP species including rhesus macaques (0.7%), cynomolgus monkeys (1.0%), slow lorises (10.0%) and Francois' leaf monkeys (6.7%), belonging to Cryptosporidium hominis (14/19) and Cryptosporidium muris (5/19). Two C. hominis gp60 subtypes, IbA12G3 and IiA17 were observed. Based on the tpi locus, G. duodenalis was identified in 2.2% (30/1,386) of specimens including 2.1% in rhesus macaques, 33.3% in Japanese macaques, 16.7% in Assam macaques, 0.7% in white-headed langurs, 1.6% in cynomolgus monkeys and 16.7% in olive baboons. Sequence analysis of the three targets indicated that all of the Giardia-positive specimens belonged to the zoonotic assemblage B. Highest sequence polymorphism was observed at the tpi locus, including 11 subtypes: three known and eight new ones. Phylogenetic analysis of the subtypes showed that most of them were close to the so-called subtype BIV. Intragenotypic variations at the gdh locus revealed six types of sequences (three known and three new), all of which belonged to so-called subtype BIV. Three specimens had co-infection with C. hominis (IbA12G3) and G. duodenalis (BIV). The presence of zoonotic genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in NHPs suggests that these animals can potentially contribute to the transmission of human cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Md Robiul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Jiacheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Chunxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China. Electronic address: zhanglx8999@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Mingfei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Guangyou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science & Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Fengcai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Haiju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science &Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Farzana Islam
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Rume
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Changshen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Electronic address: lxiao@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000662:veterinary; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D011323:Primates / Q000469:parasitology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
keywords: China; Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Multilocus typing; Non-human primates