title: Optimization of sample cooling temperature for redox cryo-imaging.
abstract: Cryo-imaging techniques have been widely used to measure the metabolic state of tissues by capturing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) autofluorescence. However, NADH and FAD fluorescence is sensitive to changes in temperature, which may result in unreliable redox ratio calculations. Here, the relationship between the measured redox ratio and sample surface temperature was analyzed using a standard phantom solution and biological tissues. The results indicated that a temperature < - 100°C was a suitable cryo-imaging temperature window in which redox ratio measuring was immune to temperature fluctuations. These results may serve as a reference for designing and optimizing redox cryo-imaging experiments for quantitatively mapping the metabolic state of biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomed.
authors.forename: Anle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomed.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomed.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomed.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomed.
authors.forename: Qingming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005615:Freezing; D005629:Frozen Sections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008029:Lighting; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012666:Semiconductors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013817:Thermography / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide