title: Parenting and the behavior problems of young children with an intellectual disability: concurrent and longitudinal relationships in a population-based study.
abstract: We examined parenting behaviors, and their association with concurrent and later child behavior problems. Children with an intellectual disability (ID) were identified from a UK birth cohort (N  =  516 at age 5). Compared to parents of children without an ID, parents of children with an ID used discipline less frequently, but reported a more negative relationship with their child. Among children with an ID, discipline, and home atmosphere had no long-term association with behavior problems, whereas relationship quality did: closer relationships were associated with fewer concurrent and later child behavior problems. Increased parent-child conflict was associated with greater concurrent and later behavior problems. Parenting programs in ID could target parent-child relationship quality as a potential mediator of behavioral improvements in children.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Totsika
authors.forename: Richard Patrick
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vagenas
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emerson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: intellectual disability; longitudinal; parent-child relationship; parenting