title: Treatment of spinal cord injury: a review of engineering using neural and mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Over time, various treatment modalities for spinal cord injury have been trialed, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Among these, replacement of the injured neural and paraneural tissues via cellular transplantation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells has been the most attractive. Extensive experimental studies have been done to identify the safety and effectiveness of this transplantation in animal and human models. Herein, we review the literature for studies conducted, with a focus on the human-related studies, recruitment, isolation, and transplantation, of these multipotent stem cells, and associated outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.forename: Olivia A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Nimer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adeeb
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deep
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow; D001921:Brain; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: anatomy; disease; mesenchymal stem cells; nerve; neural stem cells; paralysis; pathology; spinal cord injury; stem cell therapy; stem cells; trauma; treatment