title: Myocardial infarctions and other acute coronary syndromes in rare congenital bleeding disorders: a critical analysis of all reported cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the occurrence of myocardial infarction or other acute coronary syndromes in rare congenital bleeding disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with factor I (FI), factor II (FII), factor V (FV), factor VII (FVII), factor X (FX), factor XI (FXI), or factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency or abnormality reported to have presented a myocardial infarction or another acute coronary syndrome were investigated. The condition had to be demonstrated by objective means, including a coronary/angiography. Cases of stable angina were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 53 patients (4 had FI, 2 had FV, 2 had FVII, 36 had FXI, 1 had FXIII deficiency, and 8 patients had platelet disorders) met the inclusion criteria . No patient with FII or FX deficiency and acute coronary disease met the inclusion criteria. In the majority of patients, common risk factors were present, namely hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and diabetes. Replacement therapy was involved in 5 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The congenital hypocoagulability present in these patients was unable to allow a protection from acute coronary diseases. The significance of the findings is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy antonio.girolami@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girolami
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sambado
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cosi
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D025861:Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors
keywords: acute coronary syndromes; myocardial infarctions; rare disorders