title: Correlations between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the potential association between the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study in Shanghai, China. B-mode ultrasound was used to detect carotid plaques as indicators of atherosclerosis and measure carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (C-IMT) at two sites of carotid artery. Subjects were divided into group A (patients with carotid plaques) and group B (patients without carotid plaques) and be assessed clinically. Serum levels of 25(OH)D and other clinical parameters were measured. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to find predictors of carotid atherosclerosis in the entire group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of serum 25(OH)D were lower in group A than in group B[19.60 (13.30-25.73) vs 23.19 (18.10-30.06)ng/ml, P<0.001]. The C-IMT levels [(1.00±0.17 vs 0.88±0.20)mm, Ptrend<0.001] and proportion of people with carotid plaques(44/88 vs 20/87, Ptrend<0.001) in the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D were higher than in the highest quartile. Vitamin D concentrations were inversely associated with HbA1c in women(r=-0.194, P=0.006), and C-IMT in men(r=-0.409, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed age, male sex, current smoke, history of hypertension, SBP, LDL-C and lg[25(OH)D] (OR: 0.924, 95%CI: 0.893-0.955, P<0.001) were independently associated with the presence of carotid plaques in T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum vitamin D level is significantly and independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM in Shanghai, China.
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Rui-hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: jiangxz3338@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of ultrasonography, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Pei-li
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lin-yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, 490, South Chuan Huan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols
keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamine D; Atherosclerosis; Athérosclérose subclinique; Carotid intima-media thickness; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Diabète de type 2; Épaisseur intima-média carotidienne