title: Unconventional superfluid in a two-dimensional Fermi gas with anisotropic spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman fields.
abstract: We study the phase diagram of a two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas with the synthetic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) that has recently been realized at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Because of the coexistence of anisotropic SOC and effective Zeeman fields in the NIST scheme, the system shows a rich structure of phase separation involving exotic gapless superfluid states and Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) pairing states with different center-of-mass momenta. In particular, we characterize the stability region of FFLO states and demonstrate their unique features under SOC. We then show that the effective transverse Zeeman field in the NIST scheme can qualitatively change the landscape of the thermodynamic potential which leads to intriguing effects such as the disappearance of pairing instability, the competition between different FFLO states, and the stabilization of a fully gapped FFLO state. These interesting features may be probed, for example, by measuring the in situ density profiles or by the momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guang-Can
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yi