title: Olfactory dysfunction in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is well-established and may represent one of the earliest signs of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of olfactory dysfunction, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), to clinical and pathological parameters of clinicopathologically diagnosed PD (n = 10), incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) (n = 13), and identically assessed controls who lacked a neurodegenerative disease (n = 69).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean UPSIT scores were significantly lower in PD (16.3, p < 0.001) and ILBD (22.2, p = 0.004) compared to controls (27.7). Using an UPSIT cutoff score of <22 (the 15th percentile) the sensitivity for detecting PD was 9/10 (90%) and ILBD 6/13 (46%), while the specificity was 86% (Controls with score of <22 = 10/69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that olfactory testing could be useful as a screening tool for identifying early, pre-motor PD.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. Electronic address: driverdunckley.erika@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Driver-Dunckley
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Section, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hentz
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Dugger
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Shill
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Caviness
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Marwan N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Hyposmia; Incidental Lewy body disease; Parkinson's disease