title: Assessment of chronic post-surgical pain after knee replacement: development of a core outcome set.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 20% of patients experience chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) after total knee replacement (TKR). There is scope to improve assessment of CPSP after TKR, and this study aimed to develop a core outcome set.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients and 43 clinicians were recruited into a three-round modified Delphi study. In Round 1, participants were presented with 56 pain features identified from a systematic review, structured interviews with patients and focus groups with clinicians. Participants assigned importance ratings, using a 1-9 scale, to individual pain features; those features rated as most important were retained in subsequent rounds. Consensus that a pain feature should be included in the core outcome set was defined as the feature having a rating of 7-9 by ≥70% of both panels (patients and clinicians) and 1-3 by ≤15% of both panels or rated as 7-9 by ≥90% of one panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Round 1 was completed by 71 patients and 39 clinicians, and Round 3 by 62 patients and 33 clinicians. The final consensus was that 33 pain features were important. These were grouped into an 8-item core outcome set comprising: pain intensity, pain interference with daily living, pain and physical functioning, temporal aspects of pain, pain description, emotional aspects of pain, use of pain medication, and improvement and satisfaction with pain relief.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This core outcome set serves to guide assessment of CPSP after TKR. Consistency in assessment can promote standardized reporting and facilitate comparability between studies that address a common but understudied type of CPSP.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wylde
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: MacKichan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gooberman-Hill
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003697:Delphi Technique; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome