title: Organochlorine pesticide residues in breast milk and maternal psychopathologies and infant growth from suburban area of Ankara, Turkey.
abstract: We aimed to determine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the breast milk; to assess the effect of detectable OCPs on maternal-infant characteristics and; to evaluate the relation between OCPs and the maternal psychopathologies [Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)] and infant growth. DDT, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), aldrin and heptachlor were detected in 89.3, 70.7, 58.7 and 34.7 % of the samples, respectively. Mothers with low monthly family income had detectable DDTs less frequently. The frequencies of detectable heptachlor epoxide were significantly higher in mothers with gestational nausea. Anaemic mothers had more frequently detectable alpha-HCH. Z scores of head circumference were inversely correlated with beta-HCH and DDT levels. The heptachlor epoxide levels were positively correlated with PBQ, MIBS and indexes of BSI. No relation was detected between EPDS and OCPs. Further studies are needed for changes in maternal psychopathologies.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Social Pediatric Unit , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Songul Siddika
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yalçın
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Örün
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalçın
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aykut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002947:Cities; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009769:Object Attachment; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000187:drug effects; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: breast milk; growth; infant; maternal psychopathologies; pesticides