title: Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 78-year-old African-American man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
abstract: METHODS
  78-year-old African-American man.
  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia first diagnosed in 2003, with a subsequent relapse in 2006 and another in 2010.
  In late 2011, the patient was admitted to the hospital for cholelithiasis, at which time his treating physician incidentally discovered severe anemia. The anemia worsened as time went on, and the patient became transfusion dependent. Hypogammaglobulinemia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) required that the patient receive intravenous immunoglobulin. Despite transfusion therapy, the anemia failed to lessen; laboratory results eventually led to the diagnosis of a drug-induced warm autoantibody that triggered hemolytic anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient had taken rituximab in 2003; rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in 2006; fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) in 2010; and intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and prednisone in 2011.
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL n00670173@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Southeastern division, Immucor, Inc., Norcross, GA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skipper
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male
keywords: autoimmune; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; drug induced; hemolytic anemia; transfusion; warm autoantibody