title: The effect of body mass index on adequacy of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D adequacy among US adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data for US adults aged 18 years or older (n = 12,927) who participated in the 2001 to 2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the strength of association between BMI categories and the prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] greater than or equal to 20 ng/mL before and after controlling for selected characteristics. An interaction term between race or ethnicity and BMI categories was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among US adults, 67.2% had serum 25(OH)D greater than or equal to 20 ng/mL, a cut point suggested by the Office of Dietary Supplements for adequate bone and general health. Overweight and obese adults were 8% (95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.95) and 26% (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.78), respectively, less likely to have serum 25(OH)D greater than or equal to 20 ng/mL than their normal weight counterparts after controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, nativity and marital status, as well as education and income. No heterogeneity of the association between BMI categories and the prevalence of 25(OH)D greater than or equal to 20 ng/mL was observed by race or ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low prevalence of 25(OH)D greater than equal to 20 ng/mL among overweight and obese adults in the US population underscores the need to comparatively assess vitamin D intakes across different BMIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx. Electronic address: Lalitha.Samuel@lehman.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Lalitha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx.
authors.forename: Luisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Borrell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Body mass index; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Race or ethnicity; Vitamin D