title: A survey on computer aided diagnosis for ocular diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD), which can automate the detection process for ocular diseases, has attracted extensive attention from clinicians and researchers alike. It not only alleviates the burden on the clinicians by providing objective opinion with valuable insights, but also offers early detection and easy access for patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review ocular CAD methodologies for various data types. For each data type, we investigate the databases and the algorithms to detect different ocular diseases. Their advantages and shortcomings are analyzed and discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have studied three types of data (i.e., clinical, genetic and imaging) that have been commonly used in existing methods for CAD. The recent developments in methods used in CAD of ocular diseases (such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Age-related Macular Degeneration and Pathological Myopia) are investigated and summarized comprehensively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While CAD for ocular diseases has shown considerable progress over the past years, the clinical importance of fully automatic CAD systems which are able to embed clinical knowledge and integrate heterogeneous data sources still show great potential for future breakthrough.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Infocomm Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore. zzhang@i2r.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ruchir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Damon Wing
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kee Wong
authors.forename: Chee Keong
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kwoh
authors.forename: Tien Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans