title: Comparisons of topical and spray applications of two pesticides, triazophos and jinggangmycin, on the protein content in the ovaries and fat bodies of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera:Delphacidae).
abstract: The pesticide-induced stimulation of reproduction in pests is one of the most important mechanisms of pest resurgence. There have been numerous reports on the insecticide-induced stimulation of reproduction. However, the relationship between pesticide application method and pest resurgence (stimulation of reproduction) has received little attention. Here, we studied the effect of two treatment methods, triazophos (TZP) and jinggangmycin (JGM), on the protein content in the ovaries and fat bodies of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål. The results showed that pesticide treatment methods significantly affected the protein content in the ovaries and fat bodies of BPH. In addition, grand means (means of main effect) of the protein content at 2 and 3 days after emergence (2 and 3 DAE) for foliar sprays was significantly higher than that observed after topical treatments, which increased by 23.9% (from 1.42 to 1.76) and 8.82% (from 4.42 to 4.81), respectively. No significant differences on the protein content in the ovaries and fat bodies for the JGM topical treatment were observed compared with controls. However, the protein content for JGM foliar sprays was significantly higher than that for the controls. The protein contents in both topical and spray treatments of TZP were significantly higher than those of the controls. Ovarian protein is mainly yolk protein. There is a positive correlation between ovarian protein content and the number of eggs laid. These findings show that foliar spray of the pesticides promotes the resurgence of BPH. Therefore, the foliar spray of some pesticides, such as JGM, should be avoided for the control of pests, which is the sideeffects of the fungicide on non-target insect pests' occurrence.
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 220059, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhan-Fei
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 220059, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 220059, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 220059, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 220059, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin-Quan
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Ji-Chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 220059, PR China. Electronic address: jincaiwu1952@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Cai
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005216:Fat Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007294:Inositol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D014230:Triazoles; C030790:validamycin A; D007294:Inositol; C012584:triazophos
keywords: Fat body; Jinggangmycin; Nilaparvata lugens; Ovary; Topical and spray treatment; Triazophos