title: Parkia biglobosa improves mitochondrial functioning and protects against neurotoxic agents in rat brain hippocampal slices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methanolic leaf extracts of Parkia biglobosa, PBE, and one of its major polyphenolic constituents, catechin, were investigated for their protective effects against neurotoxicity induced by different agents on rat brain hippocampal slices and isolated mitochondria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hippocampal slices were preincubated with PBE (25, 50, 100, or 200 µg/mL) or catechin (1, 5, or 10 µg/mL) for 30 min followed by further incubation with 300 µM H2O2, 300 µM SNP, or 200 µM PbCl2 for 1 h. Effects of PBE and catechin on SNP- or CaCl2-induced brain mitochondrial ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBE and catechin decreased basal ROS generation in slices and blunted the prooxidant effects of neurotoxicants on membrane lipid peroxidation and nonprotein thiol contents. PBE rescued hippocampal cellular viability from SNP damage and caused a significant boost in hippocampus Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity but with no effect on the acetylcholinesterase activity. Both PBE and catechin also mitigated SNP- or CaCl2-dependent mitochondrial ROS generation. Measurement by safranine fluorescence however showed that the mild depolarization of the ΔΨm by PBE was independent of catechin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of PBE is dependent on its constituent antioxidants and mild mitochondrial depolarization propensity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kayode
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komolafe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Tolulope M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Olaleye
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Klimaczewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akintunde A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Akindahunsi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joao B T
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species