title: Contamination of commercially available seafood by key diarrhetic shellfish poisons along the coast of China.
abstract: With the increasing number of outbreaks of food-borne diseases caused by okadaic acid (OA) and its analogue dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), two key diarrhetic shellfish poison (DSP) toxins, OA and DTX-1, have become a serious threat to public health and have attracted significant public attention in China. The aim of our study was to monitor OA and DTX-1 contamination in commercially available seafood and to provide references for tracking these toxins and preventing disease outbreaks. From 2010 to 2012, 40 species were collected from six coastal cities of four inland seas in China. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFIC) test strip were used to analyse the samples, and the results were further confirmed using a commercially available ELISA kit. The monitoring results indicated that 23 of 40 species were positive for contamination. In addition, 14 of the positive species were determined to be inedible because the content of OA and DTX-1 was above the regulatory limit. Simultaneously, we verified that the digestive glands of shellfish tended to accumulate toxin, in contrast to the flesh. The highest concentrations of OA and DTX-1 were recorded in Scapharca broughtonii, which was collected from Qing Dao, in relation to the other analysed species. Moreover, the Arca family as well as Mytilus galloprovincialis were severely contaminated by OA and its analogue. The above results indicate that some of the commercially available seafood from the coastal cities in China may be inedible due to serious marine toxin contamination. The results of this study might play an important role in protecting consumer health and safety screening of marine products.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zeng-Shan
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cai-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yan-Song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shi-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011714:Pyrans / Q000032:analysis; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D011714:Pyrans; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C051904:dinophysistoxin 1