title: Geochemical modeling of trivalent chromium migration in saline-sodic soil during Lasagna process: impact on soil physicochemical properties.
abstract: Trivalent Cr is one of the heavy metals that are difficult to be removed from soil using electrokinetic study because of its geochemical properties. High buffering capacity soil is expected to reduce the mobility of the trivalent Cr and subsequently reduce the remedial efficiency thereby complicating the remediation process. In this study, geochemical modeling and migration of trivalent Cr in saline-sodic soil (high buffering capacity and alkaline) during integrated electrokinetics-adsorption remediation, called the Lasagna process, were investigated. The remedial efficiency of trivalent Cr in addition to the impacts of the Lasagna process on the physicochemical properties of the soil was studied. Box-Behnken design was used to study the interaction effects of voltage gradient, initial contaminant concentration, and polarity reversal rate on the soil pH, electroosmotic volume, soil electrical conductivity, current, and remedial efficiency of trivalent Cr in saline-sodic soil that was artificially spiked with Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, phenol, and kerosene. Overall desirability of 0.715 was attained at the following optimal conditions: voltage gradient 0.36 V/cm; polarity reversal rate 17.63 hr; soil pH 10.0. Under these conditions, the expected trivalent Cr remedial efficiency is 64.75%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, ACHB, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Hafar Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Salihu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6567-1257
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lukman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Alaadin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Al-Malack
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, University of Dammam, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nuhu D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Mu'azu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Essa
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002857:Chromium