title: Rapid determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: A multiresidue method, based on the sample preparation by solid-phase extraction cartridges and detection by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOF-MS), was used for the analysis of 60 pesticides in vegetable and fruit samples. Quantitation by UHPLC/TOF-MS is accomplished by measuring the accurate mass of the protonated molecules [M+H](+). The mass accuracy typically obtained is routinely better than 2ppm. The rates of recovery for pesticides studied were satisfactory, ranging from 74% to 111% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 13.2%, at concentrations below 10μgkg(-1). The method limit of quantification (MLOQ) for most compounds was below the MRLs established by the Food Safety Standard Authority of India and the European Union. The uncertainty was determined using repeatability, recovery and calibration curves data for each pesticide. The method illustrated is suitable for routine quantitative analyses of pesticides in food samples.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ahmedabad 380 016, India. Electronic address: sivaperum2003@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sivaperumal
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ahmedabad 380 016, India. Electronic address: patelanandv@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ahmedabad 380 016, India. Electronic address: riddhi_limbachiya@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riddhi
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Multiresidue analysis; Pesticide residues; Solid-phase extraction; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography