title: Evaluation of gellan gum fluid gels as modified release oral liquids.
abstract: Oral liquids are often preferred for drug administration to patients for whom swallowing is difficult, however, formulating modified release versions can be challenging. A potential route to achieve modified release in oral liquids is by using fluid (sheared) gels formed by introducing a shear field during gelation in gel-forming biopolymers. These fluid gels can act as pourable viscoelastic fluids but retain true gel micro/nano structure. Here, we have demonstrated that fluid gels have potential as paediatric oral liquids preventing release of ibuprofen in simulated gastric fluid. Subsequent release at pH 7.4 was affected by the duration of exposure and magnitude of acid pH with a linear relationship between onset of release and the preceding acidic exposure duration. Delayed release was a result of increasing gel stiffness, a consequence of the acidity of the initial release media and exposure time. A much faster release rate was measured when exposure time in acid was 10 min compared with 60 min. This study highlights the potential to design fluid gels that are tuned to have a specified stiffness at a particular pH and exposure time. This could enable the preparation oral liquids with modified release behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Barbara R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK. Electronic address: a.m.smith@hud.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C048288:gellan gum; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Gel; Gellan gum; Modified release; Oral liquid; Paediatric; Polysaccharides