title: Anti-interleukin 4 and 13 for asthma treatment in the era of endotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize recent advances in IL-4 and IL-13 blockade in the treatment of asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Historically, anticytokine therapies have historically been unsuccessful in the treatment of asthma because of the heterogeneity of its pathogenesis. Recent advances in our understanding of asthma pathophysiology and our increased ability to phenotype patients have led to the identification of asthmatic subsets (endotypes) that are most likely to respond to anticytokine therapy. Several new biologic therapies targeting IL-13 or both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling are currently in clinical trials and both types of therapies have demonstrated therapeutic benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-IL-4/13 therapies, guided by knowledge of an individual's underlying pathophysiology, are a promising class of therapies for treatment of asthma.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine bClinical Research Center LLC, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: Phillip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Korenblat
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C578095:IL13 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015847:Interleukin-4