title: Differences in hyperpolarized (3) He ventilation imaging after 4 years in adults with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects over 4 years using (3) He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pulmonary function tests, and track hospitalization and physician visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five CF adults provided written informed consent to an approved protocol and underwent MRI, spirometry, and plethysmography at baseline, 7 days, and 4 ± 1 years later. (3) He MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP) was generated for all subjects and timepoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second / forced vital capacity (FEV1 /FVC) was lower (P = 0.01) in all subjects and there were no other pulmonary function test changes. Two CF adults showed significantly elevated (worse) (3) He VDP at baseline and after 4 years they had significantly greater (worsened) VDP (P = 0.02), without a significant FEV1 decline (P = 0.06) but with a greater number of exacerbations (P < 0.05). Baseline VDP strongly correlated with FEV1 (r(2)  = 0.98, P = 0.0007) at 4-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For two CF subjects, VDP was significantly worse at baseline and worsened over 4 years, which was in agreement with a greater number of hospitalizations and clinic visits. These results are limited by the very small sample size, but the strong VDP correlation with longitudinal changes in FEV1 generates the hypothesis that abnormal VDP may temporally precede FEV1 decline in CF subjects; this must be tested in a larger CF study.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Paulin
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svenningsen
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Jobse
authors.affiliation: Division of Respirology Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Sindu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.affiliation: Division of Respirology Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.|Department of Medical Imaging, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parraga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006371:Helium; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D006371:Helium
keywords: 3He; cystic fibrosis; hyperpolarized gas; lung disease; magnetic resonance imaging