title: HIV-related metabolic comorbidities in the current ART era.
abstract: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals have residual chronic immune activation that contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV infection. This immune system dysregulation is a pathogenic state manifested by very low naïve T-cell numbers and increased terminally differentiated effector cells that generate excessive proinflammatory cytokines with limited functionality. Immune exhaustion leaves an individual at risk for accelerated aging-related diseases, including renal dysfunction, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. We highlight research that clarifies the role of HIV, ART, and other factors that contribute to the development of these diseases among HIV-infected persons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 908 20th Street South, CCB Room 330A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Warriner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 908 20th Street South, CCB Room 330A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Greer A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Burkholder
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 908 20th Street South, CCB Room 330A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Electronic address: toverton@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Edgar Turner
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Overton
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: Aging; Comorbidity; HIV; Immune activation; Inflammation; Multimorbidity