title: Disparities in influenza vaccination coverage among women with live-born infants: PRAMS surveillance during the 2009-2010 influenza season.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of influenza illness among pregnant women and their infants up to 6 months of age; however, many women do not get vaccinated. We examined disparities in vaccination coverage among women who delivered a live-born infant during the 2009-2010 influenza season, when two separate influenza vaccinations were recommended.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 29 states and New York City, collected during the 2009-2010 influenza season, were used to examine uptake of seasonal (unweighted n=27,153) and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) (n=27,372) vaccination by racially/ethnically diverse women who delivered a live-born infant from September 1, 2009, through May 31, 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRAMS data showed variation in seasonal and pH1N1 influenza vaccination coverage among women with live-born infants by racial/ethnic group. For seasonal influenza vaccination, coverage was 50.5% for non-Hispanic white, 30.2% for non-Hispanic black, 42.1% for Hispanic, and 48.2% for non-Hispanic other women. For pH1N1, vaccination coverage was 41.4% for non-Hispanic white, 25.5% for non-Hispanic black, 41.1% for Hispanic, and 43.3% for non-Hispanic other women. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, non-Hispanic black women had lower seasonal (crude prevalence ratio [cPR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55, 0.64) and pH1N1 (cPR=0.62, 95% CI 0.57, 0.67) vaccination coverage; these disparities diminished but remained after adjusting for provider recommendation or offer for influenza vaccination, insurance status, and demographic factors (seasonal vaccine: adjusted PR [aPR] = 0.80, 95% CI 0.74, 0.86; and pH1N1 vaccine: aPR=0.75, 95% CI 0.68, 0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To reduce disparities in influenza vaccination uptake by pregnant women, targeted efforts toward providers and interventions focusing on pregnant and postpartum women may be needed.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Indu B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Atlanta, GA ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, Atlanta, GA ; DB Consulting Group, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization Services Division, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bridges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000592:standards; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016015:Logistic Models; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines