title: Detection of sibutramine in adulterated dietary supplements using attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Sibutramine is one of the most occurring adulterants encountered in dietary supplements with slimming as indication. These adulterated dietary supplements often contain a herbal matrix. When customs intercept these kind of supplements it is almost impossible to discriminate between the legal products and the adulterated ones, due to misleading packaging. Therefore in most cases these products are confiscated and send to laboratories for analysis. This results inherently in the confiscation of legal, non-adulterated products. Therefore there is a need for easy to use equipment and techniques to perform an initial screening of samples. Attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy was evaluated for the detection of sibutramine in adulterated dietary supplements. Data interpretation was performed using different basic chemometric techniques. It was found that the use of ATR-IR combined with the k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) was able to detect all adulterated dietary supplements in an external test set and this with a minimum of false positive results. This means that a small amount of legal products will still be confiscated and analyzed in a laboratory to be found negative, but no adulterated samples will pass the initial ATR-IR screening.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytmansstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Eric.Deconinck@wiv-isp.be.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deconinck
authors.affiliation: Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytmansstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cauwenbergh
authors.affiliation: Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytmansstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bothy
authors.affiliation: Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytmansstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory for Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Custers
authors.affiliation: Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytmansstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courselle
authors.affiliation: Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Section Medicinal Products, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), J. Wytmansstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: De Beer
mesh_terms: D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000032:analysis*; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000032:analysis*; D003663:Decision Trees; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D003503:Cyclobutanes; C058254:sibutramine
keywords: ATR-IR; Adulterated dietary supplements; Chemometrics; Mobile detection approaches; Sibutramine