title: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the urinary bladder: a systematic review.
abstract: We systemically reviewed the literature on inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the urinary bladder and compared between anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and ALK-negative IMTs. An extensive search of the literature was performed in Medline and Web of Science using the following terms: "inflammatory myofibrolastic tumor," "inflammatory pseudotumor," and "bladder." A manual search was also performed using the web-based search engine Google Scholar. Reference lists of the retrieved articles were reviewed for other relevant studies. Patients' and disease characteristics of each individual case were reviewed. Further analyses were performed to compare between ALK-positive and ALK-negative IMTs. Forty-one studies were identified, and 182 patients were included for review and subsequent analyses. Of the IMTs, 65% were ALK-positive. Local tumor recurrence rate was 4%, and no cases of distant metastases have been reported. Compared with ALK-negative IMTs, ALK-positive IMTs had a female predilection with a sex ratio (male:female) of 1:1.67 (P = .048). ALK-positive IMTs also appeared to occur in younger patients (P = .072). No significant differences were noted in terms of their clinical presentations and histologic features. On immunohistochemical staining, ALK-positive IMTs had more positive results for desmin (P = .042) and p53 (P = .05), and more negative results for clusterin (P = .003). In summary, ALK-positive IMTs of the urinary bladder had a female predilection, appeared to occur more frequently in younger patients, and had different immunohistochemical staining patterns when compared with ALK-negative IMTs. Regardless of its ALK status, IMT of the urinary bladder has a good prognosis after surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Jeremy Yuen Chun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Hong
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ho-Yuen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Simon See Ming
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: ngcf@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chi-Fai
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C000626173:ALK protein, human; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases