title: Contribution of water and lipid soluble substances in the relaxant effects of Tymus vulgaris extract on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relaxant effects of hydro-ethanolic, macerated aqueous (MA) and lipidfree macerated aqueous (LFMA) extract of Tymus vulgaris on tracheal chains of guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relaxant effects of five cumulative concentrations of each extract (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 g/100 mL) were compared with saline as negative control and five cumulative concentrations of theophylline (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mmol/L) on precontracted tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig with 60 mmol/L KCl (group 1) and 10 µmol/L methacholine (group 2, n=6 for each group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1 all concentrations of theophylline, three higher concentrations of hydro-ethanolic, two concentrations of LFMA and last concentration of MA extracts showed significant relaxant effects compared with that of saline (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two lower concentrations of LFMA and all concentrations of MA except higher one caused contraction compared with saline (P<0.05 or 0.01). In group 2 experiments, all concentrations of theophylline, hydro-ethanolic, MA and LFMA extracts showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In both groups, the relaxant effect of all concentrations of hydro-ethanolic extract were significantly higher than most concentrations of others (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The relaxant effect of different concentrations of three extracts were significantly greater in group 2 compared with group 1 experiments (all P<0.01). There were significantly positive correlations between the relaxant effects and concentrations for theophylline and all extracts in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydro-ethanolic extract has a potent weaker relaxant effect for other extracts from Tymus vulgaris on tracheal chains of guinea pigs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.|Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.|Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keyhanmanesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. boskabadymh@mums.ac.ir.|Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. boskabadymh@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Boskabady
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saadatloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boskabady
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D013806:Theophylline; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D013806:Theophylline
keywords: Tymus vulgaris; guinea pig; hydro-ethanolic extract; lipid-free macerated aqueous extract; macerated aqueous extract; relaxant effect; tracheal