title: Novel sonographic clues for diagnosis of antral gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection: a clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to find out whether transabdominal sonography may have a predictive role for detection of antral gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in the antrum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 108 patients and 54 control participants were allocated into 3 groups: group 1, controls without any symptoms or findings of antral gastritis and H pylori infection; group 2, patients with symptoms and endoscopic findings consistent with gastritis in the absence of documented H pylori infection; and group 3, patients with symptoms and endoscopic findings consistent with gastritis and documented H pylori infection. These groups were compared in terms of demographics, antral wall thickness, mucosal layer (together with muscularis mucosa) thickness, and mucosal layer-to-antral wall thickness ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups had no statistically significant differences with respect to age, sex, body mass index, and smoking habits. However, it turned out that both antral walls and muscularis mucosa layers were thicker and the mucosal layer-to-antral wall thickness ratio was higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (P > .001). In addition, group 3 had statistically significantly thicker antral walls and muscularis mucosa layers and a significantly increased mucosal layer-to-antral wall thickness ratio than group 2 (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that antral gastritis caused by H pylori infection is associated with characteristic features such as thickening of antral walls and mucosal layers on sonography. These novel clues may be useful in the diagnosis of gastritis, and unnecessary interventions and measures can be avoided in some cases.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (E.C.) and General Surgery (B.C.), Kelkit Government Hospital, Gumushane, Turkey; and Department of Radiology, Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey (B.U., H.G.C.). em_sel74@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cakmakci
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (E.C.) and General Surgery (B.C.), Kelkit Government Hospital, Gumushane, Turkey; and Department of Radiology, Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey (B.U., H.G.C.).
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ucan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (E.C.) and General Surgery (B.C.), Kelkit Government Hospital, Gumushane, Turkey; and Department of Radiology, Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey (B.U., H.G.C.).
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (E.C.) and General Surgery (B.C.), Kelkit Government Hospital, Gumushane, Turkey; and Department of Radiology, Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey (B.U., H.G.C.).
authors.forename: Hasibe Gokçe
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Cinar
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; antrum; diagnosis; gastritis; gastrointestinal ultrasound; sonography