title: Role of moxibustion in inflammatory responses during treatment of rat ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of moxibustion in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats from morphological, immunological and molecular biological perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a blank control group (normal rats, n = 6) and a model replication (MR) group (UC rats, n = 26). A UC model was established by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid/dextran sulfate sodium enema. Rats in the MR group were further randomly assigned to a 9-min moxibustion (9M) group (9 moxa-cone, n = 6), 6-min moxibustion (6M) group (6 moxa-cone, n = 6), 3-min moxibustion (3M) group (3 moxa-cone, n = 6), and a waiting list control (WLC) group (no moxibustion treatment, n = 6). Rats in the moxibustion treatment group were treated in 14 sessions over 28 d. Disease activity, local tissue morphology, serum level of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, and expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 as well as nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in colonic tissue were determined by disease activity index (DAI), hematoxylin and eosin staining, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DAI was lowest in the 9M group and highest in the WLC group. The differences in DAI between the moxibustion treatment (3M, 6M, 9M) and no treatment groups were significant for all one-to-one comparisons (0.60 ± 0.54 vs 1.20 ± 0.44, 0.60 ± 0.54 vs 1.80 ± 0.45, 0.60 ± 0.54 vs 3.0 ± 0.45, respectively, P < 0.05). Light and electron microscopy showed that the neatness of the glandular arrangement in colonic mucosal epithelia gradually increased in the WLC, 3M, 6M to 9M groups. IL-8 level successively decreased while IL-10 level increased from the WLC to 3M, 6M and 9M groups. The differences among these groups were significant for all comparisons (105.46 ± 8.75 vs 76.61 ± 3.58, 105.46 ± 8.75 vs 69.78 ± 1.87, 105.46 ± 8.75 vs 67.41 ± 1.84, respectively, P < 0.01 for IL-8; and 30.83 ± 1.29 vs 75.64 ± 1.90, 30.83 ± 1.29 vs 80.90 ± 3.16, 30.83 ± 1.29 vs 83.46 ± 2.37, respectively, P < 0.01 for IL-10), except comparison of 6M vs 9M. Expression of TLR9 and NF-κB p65 decreased in order: highest in the WLC group and lowest in the 9M group. In addition, the differences among the WLC, 3M, 6M and 9M groups were significant for all comparisons (0.492 ± 0.026 vs 0.380 ± 0.022, 0.492 ± 0.026 vs 0.355 ± 0.005, 0.492 ± 0.026 vs 0.327 ± 0.015, respectively, P < 0.05 for TLR9; and 0.436 ± 0.041 vs 0.326 ± 0.022, 0.436 ± 0.041 vs 0.293 ± 0.006, 0.436 ± 0.041 vs 0.265 ± 0.017, respectively, P < 0.05 for NF-κB p65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moxibustion repairs damaged colonic mucosa, suppresses serum IL-8, activates serum IL-10 level, and decreases expression of TLR-9 and NF-κB p65 in UC rats.
authors.affiliation: Yang Han, Tie-Ming Ma, Lu Ren, Xian-De Ma, Zeng-Hua Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Yang Han, Tie-Ming Ma, Lu Ren, Xian-De Ma, Zeng-Hua Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Tie-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Yang Han, Tie-Ming Ma, Lu Ren, Xian-De Ma, Zeng-Hua Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Mao-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Yang Han, Tie-Ming Ma, Lu Ren, Xian-De Ma, Zeng-Hua Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Yang Han, Tie-Ming Ma, Lu Ren, Xian-De Ma, Zeng-Hua Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xian-De
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Yang Han, Tie-Ming Ma, Lu Ren, Xian-De Ma, Zeng-Hua Bai, Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Zeng-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009071:Moxibustion; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; C498145:Rela protein, rat; C489640:Tlr9 protein, rat; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate
keywords: Disease activity index; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-8; Moxibustion; Nuclear factor-κB p65; Toll-like receptor 9; Ulcerative colitis