title: Trabecular bone histomorphometric measurements and contrast-to-noise ratio in CBCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate how imaging parameters at clinical dental CBCT affect the accuracy in quantifying trabecular bone structures, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and radiation dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 radius samples were examined using CBCT (Accuitomo FPD; J. Morita Mfg., Kyoto, Japan). Nine imaging protocols were used, differing in current, voltage, rotation degree, voxel size, imaging area and rotation time. Radiation doses were measured using a kerma area product-meter. After segmentation, six bone structure parameters and CNRs were quantified. Micro-CT (μCT) images with an isotropic resolution of 20 μm were used as a gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structure parameters obtained by CBCT were strongly correlated to those by μCT, with correlation coefficients >0.90 for all studied parameters. Bone volume and trabecular thickness were not affected by changes in imaging parameters. Increased tube current from 5 to 8 mA, decreased isotropic voxel size from 125 to 80 μm and decreased rotation angle from 360° to 180° affected correlations for trabecular termini negatively. Decreasing rotation degree also weakened correlations for trabecular separation and trabecular number at 80 μm voxel size. Changes in the rotation degree and tube current affected CNR significantly. The radiation dose varied between 269 and 1153 mGy cm(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trabecular bone structure can be accurately quantified by clinical dental CBCT in vitro, and the obtained structure parameters are strongly related to those obtained by μCT. A fair CNR and strong correlations can be obtained with a low radiation dose, indicating the possibility for monitoring trabecular bone structure also in vivo.
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klintström
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Smedby
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klintström
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Brismar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno
keywords: CBCT; bone segmentation; histomorphometry; micro-computed tomography; osteoporosis; trabecular bone