title: Prevalence of Microalbuminuria among Rural North Indian Population with Diabetes Mellitus and its Correlation with Glycosylated Haemoglobin and Smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus are a consequence of metabolic derangement mainly hyperglycemia. Diabetic nephropathy being one of them causes end stage renal disease. Hence, to detect renal involvement, microalbuminuria can be considered as an early marker.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study mean albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to HbA1c, duration of diabetes and smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 controls, age and sex matched were included in this study and measured for spot urinary albumin, spot urinary creatinine, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that mean ACR was significantly elevated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to the controls. Mean ACR increases in diabetics with poor glycemic control, duration of diabetes and smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early detection of microalbumin in diabetics can significantly reduce the progression of renal complications and before the development of proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College and Hospital , Ghaziabad, India .
authors.forename: Juhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Specialist, ESI Hospital , Okhla, India .
authors.forename: Mayur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: ACR; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic nephropathy; HbA1c; Microalbuminuria