title: Cells and secretome--towards endogenous cell re-activation for cartilage repair.
abstract: Regenerative medicine approaches to cartilage tissue repair have mainly been concerned with the implantation of a scaffold material containing monolayer expanded cells into the defect, with the aim to differentiate the cells into chondrocytes. While this may be a valid approach, the secretome of the implanted cells and its effects on the endogenous resident cells, is gaining in interest. This review aims to summarize the knowledge on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, including knowledge from other tissues, in order to indicate how these mechanisms may be of value in repairing articular cartilage defects. Potential therapies and their effects on the repair of articular cartilage defects will be discussed, with a focus on the transition from classical cell therapy to the implantation of cell free matrices releasing specific cytokines.
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland. Electronic address: Martin.stoddart@aofoundation.org.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stoddart
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jennifer.bara@aofoundation.org.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bara
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland. Electronic address: Mauro.alini@aofoundation.org.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alini
mesh_terms: D001685:Biological Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000502:physiology*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors
keywords: Cartilage repair; Cell therapy; Cytokines; Paracrine; Regenerative medicine; Scaffolds