title: Hormone-brain-aging relationships, broadly reactive with imidazole-containing dipeptides: targeting of telomere attrition as an aging biomarker and dynamic telomerase activity flirting.
abstract: It has been documented that telomere-associated cellular senescence may contribute to certain age-related disorders, and telomere length (TL) may be an informative biomarker of healthy aging. Hormone-brain-aging behavior-modulated telomere dynamics and changes in telomerase activity are consistent elements of cellular alterations associated with changes in proliferative state, and these processes are consequently considered as the new therapeutic drug targets for physiological control with advanced drug delivery and nutritional formulations. We raise and support a therapeutic concept of using nonhydrolyzed forms of naturally occurring neuron-specific imidazole dipeptide-based compounds carnosine and carcinine, making it clinically possible that slowing down the rate of telomere shortening could slow down the human aging process in specific tissues where proliferative senescence is known to occur, with the demonstrated evidence of telomere shortening that appeared to be a hallmark of oxidative stress and disease. Carnosine released from skeletal muscle during exercise may be transported into the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) histamine neurons and hydrolyzed. The resulting L-histidine may subsequently be converted into histamine, which could be responsible for the effects of carnosine on neurotransmission and hormone-like antiaging physiological function. The preliminary longitudinal studies of elderly individuals suggest that longer telomeres are associated with better survival, and an advanced oral nutritional support with nonhydrolyzed carnosine (or carcinine and patented compositions thereof) is a useful therapeutic tool for a critical TL maintenance that may fundamentally be applied in the treatment of age-related sight-threatening eye disorders, prolonged life expectancy, increased survival and chronological age of an organism in health control, smoking behavior, and disease. "Our pleasures were simple-they included survival." -Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States, 1953-1961.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Babizhayev
authors.forename: Khava S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Vishnyakova
authors.forename: Yegor E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Yegorov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism*; D059506:Telomere Shortening / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004151:Dipeptides; D007093:Imidazoles; C029899:imidazole; D019098:Telomerase