title: Crossability of Triticum urartu and Triticum monococcum wheats, homoeologous recombination, and description of a panel of interspecific introgression lines.
abstract: Triticum monococcum (genome A(m)) and T. urartu (genome A(u)) are diploid wheats, with the first having been domesticated in the Neolithic Era and the second being a wild species. In a germplasm collection, rare wild T. urartu lines with the presence of T. monococcum alleles were found. This stimulated our interest to develop interspecific introgression lines of T. urartu in T. monococcum, a breeding tool currently implemented in several crop species. Moreover, the experiments reported were designed to reveal the existence in nature of A(m)/A(u) intermediate forms and to clarify whether the two species are at least marginally sexually compatible. From hand-made interspecific crosses, almost-sterile F1 plants were obtained when the seed-bearing parent was T. monococcum. A high degree of fertility was, however, evident in some advanced generations, particularly when T. urartu donors were molecularly more related to T. monococcum. Analysis of the marker populations demonstrated chromosome pairing and recombination in F1 hybrid plants. Forty-six introgression lines were developed using a line of T. monococcum with several positive agronomic traits as a recurrent parent. Microsatellite markers were tested on A(u) and A(m) genomes, ordered in a T. monococcum molecular map, and used to characterize the exotic DNA fragments present in each introgression line. In a test based on 28 interspecific introgression lines, the existence of genetic variation associated with T. urartu chromosome fragments was proven for the seed content of carotenoids, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and zinc. The molecular state of available introgression lines is summarized.
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano, 26900 Lodi, Italy Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fricano
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Unità di Ricerca per la Selezione dei Cereali e la Valorizzazione delle varietà vegetali (CRA-SCV), 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy andrea.brandolini@entecra.it francesco.salamini@fmach.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.affiliation: Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1035 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sourdille
authors.affiliation: Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzuchtungforschung, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wunder
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzuchtungforschung, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Sigi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Effgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erba
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piffanelli
authors.affiliation: Parco Tecnologico Padano, 26900 Lodi, Italy Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy andrea.brandolini@entecra.it francesco.salamini@fmach.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salamini
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004171:Diploidy; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: chromosomes recombination; diploid wheats; fertility; interspecific introgression lines