title: Elevated placental growth factor concentrations at 11-14 weeks of gestation to predict gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine maternal serum concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) at 11-14 gestational weeks in pregnancies that developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to create first trimester prediction models for GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study including 40 GDM cases and 94 controls. PlGF, biophysical and biochemical markers and maternal-pregnancy characteristics were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Log10 transformed PlGF (log10 PlGF) was not related to maternal factors. Log10 PlGF was increased (p=0.008) in the GDM group compared to the control group. Log10 PlGF was associated with fasting glucose levels (p=0.04) in the oral glucose tolerance test. Log10 PlGF had a strong relation with birth weight adjusted for gestational age in the control but not in the GDM group. Maternal weight and maternal age were the only predictors of GDM among the maternal factors [area under the curve (AUC)=0.73, p<0.001]. Log10 PlGF alone was a significant predictor of GDM (AUC=0.63, p<0.001). Combination of maternal weight, maternal age and log10 PlGF resulted in an improved prediction (DR=71.4%, for 25% FPR, AUC=0.78, Model R(2)=0.17, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 11-14weeks in pregnancies that develop GDM, the maternal serum levels of PlGF are increased. Measurement of serum PlGF at 11-14weeks improves the performance of early screening for GDM provided by maternal factors alone.
authors.affiliation: Embryocare, Fetal Medicine Unit, Athens, Greece; Bioiatriki SA, Department of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine, Athens, Greece; First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: makarios@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Makarios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eleftheriades
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papastefanou
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambrinoudaki
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kappou
authors.affiliation: Bioiatriki SA, Hormone Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lavranos
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akalestos
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athena P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Souka
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pervanidou
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hassiakos
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second
chemical_list: C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor
keywords: First trimester screening; Glucose; PlGF; Prediction model; Pregnancy