title: A simulation model to study maternal hyperoxygenation during labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of maternal hyperoxygenation on fetal oxygenation and fetal heart rate decelerations during labor, using a simulation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of a mathematical model that simulates feto-maternal hemodynamics and oxygenation, designed in Matlab R2012a.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and engineering departments in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  We simulated variable and late fetal heart rate decelerations, caused by uterine contractions with a different contraction interval. We continuously recorded oxygen pressure in different feto-placental compartments and fetal heart rate, during maternal normoxia and during hyperoxygenation with 100% oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in oxygen pressure in the intervillous space, umbilical vein and arteries, fetal cerebral and microcirculation as well as fetal heart rate deceleration depth and duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal hyperoxygenation leads to an increase in fetal oxygenation: in the presence of variable decelerations, oxygen pressure in the intervillous space increased 9-10 mmHg and in the cerebral circulation 1-2 mmHg, depending on the contraction interval. In addition, fetal heart rate deceleration depth decreased from 45 to 20 beats per minute. In the presence of late decelerations, oxygen pressure in the intervillous space increased 7-10 mmHg and in the cerebral circulation 1-2 mmHg, depending on the contraction interval. The fetus benefited more from maternal hyperoxygenation when contraction intervals were longer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the simulation model, maternal hyperoxygenation leads to an increase in fetal oxygenation, especially in the presence of variable decelerations. In addition, in the presence of variable decelerations, maternal hyperoxygenation leads to amelioration of the fetal heart rate pattern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bullens
authors.forename: Marieke B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: van der Hout-van der Jagt
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van Runnard Heimel
authors.forename: Guid
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oei
mesh_terms: D003654:Deceleration; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007747:Labor Stage, First / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009426:Netherlands; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000502:physiology; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Fetal heart rate; computer simulation; fetal distress; intrauterine resuscitation; maternal hyperoxygenation; model; obstetric labor; translational medical research