title: Chemical and biological characterization of air particulate matter 2.5, collected from five cities in China.
abstract: Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 samples collected in five different cities (Hong Kong (HK), Guangzhou (GZ), Xiamen (XM), Xi'an (XA) and Beijing (BJ)) in China in the winter 2012-13 [corrected] were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The biological effects of organic extracts were assayed using the human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. All sixteen priority PAHs can be found in the PM2.5 samples of XA and BJ, but not in HK, GZ and XM, demonstrating the differential spatial source and distribution of PAHs. Our results showed that the total PAHs ranged from 3.35 to 80.45 ng/m(3) air, leading by BJ, followed by XA, XM, GZ and HK. In the cell culture study, transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were found to be induced in the treatment. The cells exposed to extracts from XA and BJ demonstrated significant migratory activities, indicating a sign of increase of tumorigenicity.
authors.affiliation: Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, 200 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: becky10851@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, 200 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: wanhinting@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, 200 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: bakibillah29@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Billah
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China. Electronic address: cao@loess.llqg.ac.cn.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po Road, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: kfho@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Biology, 200 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: ckcwong@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chris K C
authors.initials: CKC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; TEF; Tumorigenicity