title: The modulatory effect of ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid on ultraviolet-B-induced cytokine/chemokine gene expression in skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells.
abstract: Ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces an increase in multiple cutaneous inflammatory mediators. Ellagic acid (EA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds found in many plants, fruits, and nuts. We assessed the ability of EA and RA to modulate IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, and TNF-α gene expression in HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation. Cells were treated with UVB (100 mJ/cm(2)) and simultaneously with EA (5 μM in 0.1% DMSO) or RA (2.7 μM in 0.5% DMSO). Moreover, these substances were added to the UVB-irradiated cells 1 h or 6 h before harvesting, depending on the established UVB-induced cytokine expression peak. Cytokine gene expression was examined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. RA produced a significant reduction in UVB-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α when applied at the same time as irradiation. EA showed milder effects compared with RA, except for TNF-α. Both substances decreased IL-6 expression, also when applied 5 h after irradiation, and always produced a significant increase in UVB-induced IL-10 expression. Our findings suggest that EA and RA are able to prevent and/or limit the UVB-induced inflammatory cascade, through a reduction in proinflammatory mediators and the enhancement of IL-10, with its protective function.
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lembo
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balato
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Caprio
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.affiliation: Rottapharm Madaus Dermo-Cosmetic R&D Division, Via Valosa di Sopra 9, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.affiliation: Rottapharm Madaus Dermo-Cosmetic R&D Division, Via Valosa di Sopra 9, 20052 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasparri
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monfrecola
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053630:Depsides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D002934:Cinnamates; D016207:Cytokines; D053630:Depsides; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid