title: Wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains display biofilm-like morphology in contact with polyphenols from grapes and wine.
abstract: Polyphenols are a major component of wine grapes, and contribute to color and flavor, but their influence upon yeast growth forms has not been investigated. In this work we have studied the effect of polyphenols on the ability of natural isolates of wine-related Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to form biofilms attaching to plastic surfaces, to grow as mat colonies, to invade media, and to display filamentous growth. The use of carbon- and nitrogen-rich or deficient media simulated grape juice fermentation conditions. The addition of wine polyphenols to these media affected biofilm formation, and cells exhibited a wide variety of invasiveness and mat formation ability with associated different growth and footprint patterns. Microscopic observation revealed that some strains switched to filamentous phenotypes which were able to invade media. The wide range of phenotypic expression observed could have a role in selection of strains suitable for inoculated wine fermentations and may explain the persistence of yeast strains in vineyard and winery environments.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Microbiology, Department of AGRARIA, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy. Electronic address: rossana.sidari@unirc.it.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sidari
authors.affiliation: Unit of Microbiology, Department of AGRARIA, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caridi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Biofilm/mat formation; Filamentous growth; Invasive growth; Polyphenols; Wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae