title: Triple-layered PLGA/nanoapatite/lauric acid graded composite membrane for periodontal guided bone regeneration.
abstract: This paper discusses the successful fabrication of a novel triple-layered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based composite membrane using only a single step that combines the techniques of solvent casting and thermally induced phase separation/solvent leaching. The resulting graded membrane consists of a small pore size layer-1 containing 10 wt% non-stoichiometric nanoapatite (NAp)+1-3 wt% lauric acid (LA) for fibroblastic cell and bacterial inhibition, an intermediate layer-2 with 20-50 wt% NAp+1 wt% LA, and a large pore size layer-3 containing 30-100 wt% NAp without LA to allow bone cell growth. The synergic effects of 10-30 wt% NAp and 1 wt% LA in the membrane demonstrated higher tensile strength (0.61 MPa) and a more elastic behavior (16.1% elongation at break) in 3 wt% LA added membrane compared with the pure PLGA (0.49 MPa, 9.1%). The addition of LA resulted in a remarkable plasticizing effect on PLGA at 3 wt% due to weak intermolecular interactions in PLGA. The pure and composite PLGA membranes had good cell viability toward human skin fibroblast, regardless of LA and NAp contents.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Kulim, Malaysia; Medical Devices Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kalitheertha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamuna-Thevi
authors.affiliation: Medical Devices Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nur Najiha
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Saarani
authors.affiliation: Medical Devices Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Rafiq
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abdul Kadir
authors.affiliation: Medical Devices Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: hendra.hermawan@biomedical.utm.my.
authors.forename: Hendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hermawan
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002460:Cell Line; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D007850:Lauric Acids; C030358:lauric acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Lauric acid; PLGA; Solvent casting; Solvent leaching; Thermally induced phase separation