title: Over- and undersupply in home care: a representative multicenter correlational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality assurance and funding of care become a major challenge against the background of demographic changes in western societies. The primary aim of the study was to identify possible misclassification, respectively over and undersupply of care by comparing the Barthel Index of clients of home care service with the level of care (Stage 0, I, II, III) according to the statutory German long-term care insurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2012, a multi-center point prevalence study of 878 randomly selected clients of 100 randomly selected home care services across Germany was conducted. According to a standardized study protocol, demographics, the Barthel Index and the nurses' professional judgment-whether a client requires more nursing care-were assessed. Associations of the Barthel items and professional judgment were analyzed using univariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression and classification-regression-tree-models) statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each level of care, the Barthel Index showed large variability e.g. in level II ranging from 0 to 100 points. Multivariate logistic regression regarding possible under- and oversupply revealed occasionally fecal incontinence (2.1; 95 % CI 1.2-3.7), urinary incontinence (2.0; 95 % CI 1.1-3.6), feeding (1.7; 95 % CI 1.0-2.9), immobility (0.2; 95 % CI 0.1-0.6) and to be female (1.8; 95 % CI 1.2-2.6) to be statistically significantly associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variability in Barthel Index in each level of care found in this study indicated a large general misclassification of home care clients according to their actual need of care. Professional caregivers identified occasional incontinence, help with eating and drinking and mobility (especially in female clients) as areas of possible under- and oversupply of care. The statutory German long-term care insurance classification should be modified according to the above finding to increase the quality of care in home care clients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nursing Science, Institut für Gesundheits-und Pflegewissenschaft, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13359, Berlin, Germany, nils.lahmann@charite.de.
authors.forename: Nils A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lahmann
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suhr
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kottner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006801:Humans; D007353:Insurance, Long-Term Care; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged