title: BiDil in the Clinic: An Interdisciplinary Investigation of Physicians' Prescription Patterns of a Race-Based Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) and the FDA approval of BiDil for race-specific prescription have stirred the debate about the scientific and medical status of race. Yet there is no assessment of the potential fallouts of this dispute on physicians' willingness to prescribe the drug. We present here an analysis of the factors influencing physicians' prescription of BiDil and investigate whether exposure to the controversy has an impact on their therapeutic judgments about the drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an electronic survey with physicians in the department of internal medicine at the University of Cincinnati. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, with one group receiving information about the controversy over BiDil. We used various statistical tests, including a linear mixed effects model, to analyze the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  27% of the participants reported using patients' race as a major factor in making treatment decisions. 33% reported the inefficacy of standard therapies, 25% the severity of the disease, and 15% other unspecified factors as primary determining criteria in prescribing BiDil. With respect to the controversy, 68% of physicians reported that they were not aware of any controversy surrounding BiDil. Physicians' willingness to prescribe BiDil as a therapy was associated with their awareness of the controversy surrounding A-HeFT (p< 0.003). But their willingness to prescribe the therapy along racial lines did not vary significantly with exposure to the controversy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, physicians prescribe and are willing to prescribe BiDil more to black patients than to white patients. However, physicians' lack of awareness about the controversial scientific status of A-HeFT suggests the need for more efficient ways to convey scientific information about BiDil to clinicians. Furthermore, the uncertainties about the determination of clinical utility of BiDil for the individual patient raise questions about whether this specific race-based therapy is in patients' best interest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, 206 McMicken Hall, PO Box 210374, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0374, Tel (513) 556-6337, maglokn@ucmail.uc.edu.
authors.forename: Koffi N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Maglo
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ittenbach
keywords: African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT); BiDil; clinical utility; mixed-model; race instrumentalism; race-based therapy