title: Predictors of presenteeism and activity impairment outside work in patients with spondyloarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess predictors of presenteeism (reduced productivity at work) and activity impairment outside work in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study predictors of presenteeism and activity impairment in 1,253 patients with SpA based on a 2.5 year follow-up questionnaire. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire was used as main outcome. Age, gender, lifestyle factors, subgroups, disease duration, and different patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) were studied as possible predictors. The association between presenteeism and WPAI activity impairment outside work was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 1,253 patients, 757 reported being in work and of these 720 responded to the WPAI questionnaire. The mean (confidence interval, CI) reported presenteeism was 25% (23-27%) and mean activity impairment 33% (31-35%) (0-100%, 0 = no reduction). Significant predictors of presenteeism and activity impairment at follow-up (controlled for gender, age, spondyloarthritis subgroups and presenteeism at baseline) were presenteeism at baseline, poor quality of life, worse disease activity, decreased physical function, lower self-efficacy pain and symptom, higher scores of anxiety, depression, smoking and low education level, and for activity impairment also female sex. There was a strong association between presenteeism and activity impairment outside work (OR 16.7; 95% CI 11.6-24.3; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presenteeism and activity impairment were not only predicted by presenteeism at baseline, but also by several PROMs commonly used in clinical rheumatology practice. Impaired activity outside work could indicate problems also at work suggesting why both areas need to be addressed in the clinical situation.
authors.affiliation: Spenshult Research and Development Center, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, 302 74, Halmstad, Sweden, emma.haglund@spenshult.se.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.forename: Ingemar F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bremander
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000069597:Presenteeism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D000066477:Work Performance; D017132:Workplace