title: Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation and feeding level on dairy performance, milk fatty acid composition, and body fat changes in mid-lactation goats.
abstract: The objective of this trial was to study the interaction between the supplementation of lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 4.5 g of cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 and 4.5 g of trans-10,cis-12 C18:2) and feeding level to test if milk performance or milk fatty acid (FA) profile are affected by the interaction between CLA and feeding level. Twenty-four dairy goats were used in an 8-wk trial with a 3-wk adaptation to the experimental ration that contained corn silage, beet pulp, barley, and a commercial concentrate. During the third week, goats were assigned into blocks of 2 goats according to their dry matter intake (DMI), raw milk yield, and fat yield. Each block was randomly allocated to control (45 g of Ca salt of palm oil/d) or CLA treatment. Within each block, one goat was fed to cover 100% (FL100) of the calculated energy requirements and the other was fed 85% of the DMI of the first goat (FL85). Individual milk production and composition were recorded weekly, and milk FA composition was analyzed in wk 3, 5, and 7. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reduced milk fat content and fat yield by 17 and 19%, respectively, independent of the feeding level. It reduced both the secretion of milk FA synthesized de novo, and those taken up from the blood. No interaction between CLA and feeding level was observed on milk secretion of any group of FA. The CLA supplementation had no effect on DMI, milk yield, protein, and lactose yields but it improved calculated net energy for lactation balance. Goats fed the FL100 × CLA diet tended to have the highest DMI and protein yield. The interaction between CLA and feeding level was not significant for any other variables. Compared with the goats fed FL100, those fed FL85 had lower DMI, lower net energy for lactation balance, and lower digestible protein in the intestine balance. The body weight; milk yield; milk fat, protein, and lactose yields; and fat, protein, lactose, and urea contents in milk were not affected by feeding level. In conclusion, reduction in energy spared via fat yield reduction after CLA supplementation was not partitioned toward milk lactose or protein in goats at a low feeding level, possibly because of a simultaneous shortage of energy and amino acids. In goats on the high feeding level, energy spared tended to be partitioned toward milk protein yield, and at the same time to the prevention of excessive lipid mobilization.
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghazal
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berthelot
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Friggens
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France; INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: philippe.schmidely@agroparistech.fr.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmidely
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007785:Lactose
keywords: conjugated linoleic acid; feeding level; goat; milk fatty acid composition