title: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical and demographic characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of children diagnosed with Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2000 to June 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was done, regarding medical charts of 43 children under the age of 16 years with a discharge diagnosis of SSPE. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. RESULTS were expressed as percentages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the 43 patients were male (72%). The average age at presentation was 8.7 years with average duration of symptoms being 100.6 days. History of measles was present in 17 patients (39.5%). All children had seizures at presentation and 65% had cognitive impairment. Most patients required poly therapy for control of seizures. Sodium valproate was the most commonly used anti-epileptic agent; Isoprinosine was tried in 22 (51%) patients. CSF for antimeasles antibodies was positive in approximately 86% of the 40 (93%) children. EEG showed burst suppression pattern in 36 (83.7%) cases. Forty-two patients (97.6%) were discharged home in a vegetative state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSPE is progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It can be prevented by timely immunization against measles. Measles antibody in the CSF is diagnostic for SSPE and is helpful in early diagnosis. Most patients experience a gradual but progressive decline in motor and cognitive functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafique
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Nida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chand
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Syed Sohail Zahoor
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Muhammad Suleman
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013344:Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D008458:Measles Vaccine