title: Surface presentation of functional peptides in solution determines cell internalization efficiency of TAT conjugated nanoparticles.
abstract: Functionalizing nanoparticles with cell-penetrating peptides is a popular choice for cellular delivery. We investigated the effects of TAT peptide concentration and arrangement in solution on functionalized nanoparticles' efficacy for membrane permeation. We found that cell internalization correlates with the positive charge distribution achieved prior to nanoparticle encountering interactions with membrane. We identified a combination of solution based properties required to maximize the internalization efficacy of TAT-functionalized nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC Australia.
authors.forename: Nevena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiappini
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simona
authors.forename: Imran I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Molly M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yarovsky
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D010455:Peptides; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D014867:Water; D006046:Gold
keywords: Cell internalization; cell-penetrating peptides; functionalized nanoparticles; gold; molecular dynamics