title: Academic entitlement and academic performance in graduating pharmacy students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine a measurable definition of academic entitlement, measure academic entitlement in graduating doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students, and compare the academic performance between students identified as more or less academically entitled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Graduating students at a private health sciences institution were asked to complete an electronic survey instrument that included demographic data, academic performance, and 2 validated academic entitlement instruments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-one of 243 students completed the survey instrument. Fourteen (10%) students scored greater than the median total points possible on 1 or both of the academic entitlement instruments and were categorized as more academically entitled. Less academically entitled students required fewer reassessments and less remediation than more academically entitled students. The highest scoring academic entitlement items related to student perception of what professors should do for them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graduating pharmacy students with lower levels of academic entitlement were more academically successful than more academically entitled students. Moving from an expert opinion approach to evidence-based decision-making in the area of academic entitlement will allow pharmacy educators to identify interventions that will decrease academic entitlement and increase academic success in pharmacy students.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, Nevada.
authors.forename: Meghan N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Jeffres
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, Nevada.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, Nevada.
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Stolte
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: academic entitlement; consumerism; millennial generation; professor; student