title: Combined colonoscopy and endometrial biopsy cancer screening results in women with Lynch syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endometrial biopsy (EMBx) and colonoscopy performed under the same sedation is termed combined screening and has been shown to be feasible and to provide a less painful and more satisfactory experience for women with Lynch syndrome (LS). However, clinical results of these screening efforts have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and patient compliance with serial screenings over the last 10.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the data for 55 women with LS who underwent combined screening every 1-2 years between 2002 and 2013. Colonoscopy and endometrial biopsy were performed by a gastroenterologist and a gynecologist, with the patient under conscious sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 111 screening visits in these 55 patients, endometrial biopsies detected one simple hyperplasia, three complex hyperplasia, and one endometrioid adenocarcinoma (FIGO Stage 1A). Seventy-one colorectal polyps were removed in 29 patients, of which 29 were tubular adenomas. EMBx in our study detected endometrial cancer in 0.9% (1/111) of surveillance visits, and premalignant hyperplasia in 3.6% (4/111) of screening visits. No interval endometrial or colorectal cancers were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined screening under sedation is feasible and less painful than EMBx alone. Our endometrial pathology detection rates were comparable to yearly screening studies. Our results indicate that screening of asymptomatic LS women with EMBx every 1-2 years, rather than annually, is effective in the early detection of (pre)cancerous lesions, leading to their prompt definitive management, and potential reduction in endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: dnebgen@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Denise R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nebgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rimes
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keeler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broaddus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Munsell
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000473:pathology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000473:pathology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Colonoscopy; Combined screening; Endometrial biopsy; Endometrial cancer screening; Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); Lynch syndrome