title: Absence of long-term effects of reproduction on longevity in the mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most human demographic data, particularly those on natural fertility populations, find no relationship or even a positive association between fertility and longevity. The present study aims to ascertain whether there is a trade-off between fertility and longevity in the mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was focused on the first litter produced by 10- to 14-wk-old hybrid (C57BL/6JIco female X CBA/JIco male) mice. A single female/male per litter was individually housed with a male/female at the age of 25 and 52 wk, respectively, until the end of reproductive life in females or natural death in males under controlled housing conditions. Post-reproductive females and virgin mice were reared until natural death. Cox regression models with forward stepwise variable selection were fitted to examine the effect of several fertility variables on expectation of survival times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Virgin females displayed higher life expectancy than virgin males. The relative risk of dying for a virgin male at a particular age was 2.116 [99% confidence interval: 1.317, 3.398] times that of a virgin female. No significant differences on expectation of survival times between virgin and mated females, and between virgin and mated males were found. Furthermore, total number of pups at weaning and total number of litters produced by a dam/stud, time interval between mating and last litter, time interval between litters, and age at last litter were not significant predictors of expectation of survival times in both mated females and mated males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Like in most human studies, the present study evidences no relationship between total number of offspring/litters produced by a dam/stud and expectation of survival times. Moreover, the present data are in agreement with the general phenomenon of a bias in life expectancy in favor of females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain. tarinjj@uv.es.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tarín
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gómez-Piquer
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Palomares
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cano
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D020073:Gravidity; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008954:Models, Biological; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016019:Survival Analysis