title: Association of plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and risk of kidney disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced glycation end products and their cell-bound receptors are thought to mediate the adverse effects of vascular disease through oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We examined the association between the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-cohort study nested within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, baseline sRAGE levels were measured in a cohort random sample of participants without kidney disease (n= 1218), and among participants who developed incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and ≥25% eGFR decline, n = 151] and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [entry in the US Renal Data System (USRDS) registry, n = 152].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline sRAGE levels were inversely related to baseline eGFR (r = -0.13). After adjusting for age, sex and race, one interquartile range higher log10-transformed sRAGE was associated with development of CKD [odds ratio: 1.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.06-1.83; P = 0.02] and ESRD (hazard ratio: 1.97; 95% CI 1.47-2.64; P < 0.001). These associations were not significant after eGFR adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High sRAGE levels are associated with incident CKD and ESRD risk, but not after adjustment for kidney function at baseline. Future studies are needed to investigate specific mechanisms underlying the association of sRAGE with kidney disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Casey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rebholz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Brad C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Morgan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Halushka
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ron C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hoogeveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coresh
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selvin
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: advanced glycation end product receptor; chronic kidney failure; risk factors