title: Establishment and analysis of a reference transcriptome for Spodoptera frugiperda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) is a major agricultural pest throughout the American continent. The highly polyphagous larvae are frequently devastating crops of importance such as corn, sorghum, cotton and grass. In addition, the Sf9 cell line, widely used in biochemistry for in vitro protein production, is derived from S. frugiperda tissues. Many research groups are using S. frugiperda as a model organism to investigate questions such as plant adaptation, pest behavior or resistance to pesticides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we constructed a reference transcriptome assembly (Sf_TR2012b) of RNA sequences obtained from more than 35 S. frugiperda developmental time-points and tissue samples. We assessed the quality of this reference transcriptome by annotating a ubiquitous gene family--ribosomal proteins--as well as gene families that have a more constrained spatio-temporal expression and are involved in development, immunity and olfaction. We also provide a time-course of expression that we used to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the gene families studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the Sf_TR2012b transcriptome is a valid reference transcriptome. While its reliability decreases for the detection and annotation of genes under strong transcriptional constraint we still recover a fair percentage of tissue-specific transcripts. That allowed us to explore the spatial and temporal expression of genes and to observe that some olfactory receptors are expressed in antennae and palps but also in other non related tissues such as fat bodies. Similarly, we observed an interesting interplay of gene families involved in immunity between fat bodies and antennae.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Legeai
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gimenez
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duvic
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Escoubas
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gosselin Grenet
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cousserans
authors.forename: Imène
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Séninet
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bretaudeau
authors.forename: Doriane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutuel
authors.forename: Pierre-Alain
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monsempes
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magdelenat
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hilliou
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feyereisen
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogliastro
authors.forename: Anne-Nathalie
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Volkoff
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacquin-Joly
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: d'Alençon
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1333, DGIMI, Montpellier, France. nicolas.negre@univ-montp2.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nègre
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000592:standards*; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D012015:Reference Standards; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins