title: Butyrate protects rat liver against total hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury with bowel congestion.
abstract: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unavoidable consequence of major liver surgery, especially in liver transplantation with bowel congestion, during which endotoxemia is often evident. The inflammatory response aggravated by endotoxin after I/R contributes to liver dysfunction and failure. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of butyrate, a naturally occurring four-carbon fatty acid in the body and a dietary component of foods such as cheese and butter, on hepatic injury complicated by enterogenous endotoxin, as well as to examine the underlying mechanisms involved. SD rats were subjected to a total hepatic ischemia for 30 min after pretreatment with either vehicle or butyrate, followed by 6 h and 24 h of reperfusion. Butyrate preconditioning markedly improved hepatic function and histology, as indicated by reduced transaminase levels and ameliorated tissue pathological changes. The inflammatory factors levels, macrophages activation, TLR4 expression, and neutrophil infiltration in live were attenuated by butyrate. Butyrate also maintained the intestinal barrier structures, reversed the aberrant expression of ZO-1, and decreased the endotoxin translocation. We conclude that butyrate inhibition of endotoxin translocation, macrophages activation, inflammatory factors production, and neutrophil infiltration is involved in the alleviation of total hepatic I/R liver injury in rats. This suggests that butyrate should potentially be utilized in liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qingbao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fangrui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Liaocheng, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002087:Butyrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002087:Butyrates; D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D020011:Protective Agents