title: In vivo high-resolution 7 Tesla MRI shows early and diffuse cortical alterations in CADASIL.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent data suggest that early symptoms may be related to cortex alterations in CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), a monogenic model of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The aim of this study was to investigate cortical alterations using both high-resolution T2* acquisitions obtained with 7 Tesla MRI and structural T1 images with 3 Tesla MRI in CADASIL patients with no or only mild symptomatology (modified Rankin's scale ≤1 and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥24).
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete reconstructions of the cortex using 7 Tesla T2* acquisitions with 0.7 mm isotropic resolution were obtained in 11 patients (52.1±13.2 years, 36% male) and 24 controls (54.8±11.0 years, 42% male). Seven Tesla T2* within the cortex and cortical thickness and morphology obtained from 3 Tesla images were compared between CADASIL and control subjects using general linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMSE, brain volume, cortical thickness and global sulcal morphology did not differ between groups. By contrast, T2* measured by 7 Tesla MRI was significantly increased in frontal, parietal, occipital and cingulate cortices in patients after correction for multiple testing. These changes were not related to white matter lesions, lacunes or microhemorrhages in patients having no brain atrophy compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seven Tesla MRI, by contrast to state of the art post-processing of 3 Tesla acquisitions, shows diffuse T2* alterations within the cortical mantle in CADASIL whose origin remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France; DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Guio
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Lariboisière Hosp, Department of Neurology, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: UNIRS, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vignaud
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duering
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ropele
authors.affiliation: UNIRS, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duchesnay
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France; DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Lariboisière Hosp, Department of Neurology, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chabriat
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1161 INSERM, Paris, France; DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Lariboisière Hosp, Department of Neurology, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jouvent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046589:CADASIL / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size