title: Susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms to silver nanoparticles in intermediate and mature development phases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilm development, in their intermediate and maturation stages, to the influence of silver nanoparticles (SN).
  
  
  METHODS
  SN (5 nm) suspensions were synthesized via reduction of silver nitrate by a solution of sodium citrate. These suspensions were used to treat Candida biofilms for five hours, grown on acrylic surfaces for 24-h (intermediate stage) and 48-h (maturation stage), and their efficacy was determined by total biomass (using crystal violet staining) and colony forming units (CFUs) quantification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SN promoted significant reductions (p<0.05) in the total biomass and number of CFUs of Candida biofilms, ranging from 23% to 51.5% and 0.63 to 1.59-log10, respectively. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the total biofilm biomass (p>0.05), when the different stages of biofilm development (24 or 48h) were exposed to SN. Comparing the number of CFUs between 24- and 48-h biofilms treated with SN, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found only for the C. albicans 324LA/94 strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, the intermediate and maturation stages of biofilm development do not interfere in the susceptibility of C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms to SN. These findings are fundamental for the deployment of new therapies aimed at preventing denture stomatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: douglasrmonteiro@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Douglas Roberto
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Satie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Perina
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Feresin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Gorup
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Rodrigues
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Debora Barros
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barbosa
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018030:Silver Compounds
keywords: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Denture stomatitis; Silver nanoparticles