title: Role of microglia in regulation of ethanol neurotoxic action.
abstract: Exposure to alcohol, during development or adulthood, may result in damage to the nervous system, which underlies neurological and cognitive disruptions observed in patients with alcohol-related disorders, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) and alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). Both clinical and preclinical evidence suggest microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, play a key role in modulating alcohol-induced neurotoxicity. Particularly, microglia are implicated in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and in alcohol-induced increases in oxidative stress, which can lead to neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies also suggest a regenerative role for microglia in reestablishing homeostasis after alcohol exposure. These studies are summarized and reviewed in this chapter with emphasis on relevance to FASD and AUD.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Chastain
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. Electronic address: sarkar@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Dipak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol; Alcohol-use disorder; Apoptosis; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; Inflammation; Microglia; Neurotoxicity; Reactive oxygen species