title: Crucial issues in think aloud techniques for cross cultural studies.
abstract: Implementing user-centered design (UCD) principles and conducting usability testing is especially critical in projects where developers do not originate from the deployed environment. However, traditional usability testing techniques in cross-cultural settings can be problematic and may produce unexpected results. Measures should be taken to identify and mitigate any cultural factors that may influence UCD testing and deployment . In this paper, we focus on the think-aloud method. We use a current mHealth development and research project in Tanzania as a case study to highlight issues in UCD in cross-cultural settings. We offer recommendations for UCD methods and cultural considerations for low to middle income countries.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah.
authors.forename: Seneca
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute.
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: City Medical Office of Health, Dar es Salaam City Council, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Ndeniria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Swai
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: University of Utah.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Staggers
mesh_terms: D003256:Community Participation / Q000379:methods*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D017144:Focus Groups / Q000379:methods*; D063005:Health Information Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D033262:Narration; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013636:Tanzania