title: Sustainable electrical energy storage through the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox reaction in aprotic electrolyte.
abstract: The large-scale, cost-effective storage of electrical energy obtained from the growing deployment of wind and solar power is critically needed for the integration into the grid of these renewable energy sources. Rechargeable batteries having a redox-flow cathode represent a viable solution for either a Li-ion or a Na-ion battery provided a suitable low-cost redox molecule soluble in an aprotic electrolyte can be identified that is stable for repeated cycling and does not cross the separator membrane to the anode. Here we demonstrate an environmentally friendly, low-cost ferrocene/ferrocenium molecular redox couple that shows about 95% energy efficiency and about 90% capacity retention after 250 full charge/discharge cycles.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (USA).
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guangbin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Goodenough
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: Li-redox batteries; energy storage; ferrocene; metallocenes; sustainable chemistry