title: Outcomes of endoscopic incision for the treatment of ureterocele in children at a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed outcomes in children with ureterocele after transurethral incision at our institution between 2001 and 2014, focusing on end points of vesicoureteral reflux, improvement of hydronephrosis and need for second surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed chart reviews of 83 patients, collecting information including age at transurethral incision, gender, renal anatomy, ureterocele location, indication for transurethral incision, and preincision and postincision vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis status. Patients were divided into those with single system and duplex system ureteroceles, and intravesical and extravesical location for analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed with the Wilcoxon rank test and Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transurethral incision was performed at a mean age of 34.2 months in patients with single system ureterocele and 8.9 months in those with duplex system ureterocele (p <0.0001). Cure rates (improvement of hydronephrosis and absence of vesicoureteral reflux) were 55.6% in patients with single system ureterocele and 14.9% in those with duplex system ureterocele (p = 0.0031). Rates of de novo reflux into the ureterocele moiety were 27.8% for patients with single system ureterocele and 56.2% for those with duplex system ureterocele (p = 0.0773). Patients with single system ureterocele required significantly fewer second surgeries (3.8%) than those with duplex system ureterocele (73.7%, p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with single system ureterocele may benefit from endoscopic incision. Transurethral incision was definitive in all such patients except 1 in our study. Although most patients with duplex system ureterocele will need a second operation, transurethral incision remains of value in this population in instances of sepsis or bladder outlet obstruction, or to facilitate planned reconstruction when the child is older.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Aylin N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bilgutay
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stanasel
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Chester J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janzen
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Edmond T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine (ANB) and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: aseth@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006268:Health Facilities; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: endoscopy; kidney diseases; patient outcome assessment; ureterocele; urethra