title: A combined prognostic serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 classifier for stage 1 lung cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The advent of low-dose helical computed tomography for lung cancer screening will likely lead to an increase in the detection of stage I lung cancer. Presently, these patients are primarily treated with surgery alone and approximately 30% will develop recurrence and die. Biomarkers that can identify patients for whom adjuvant chemotherapy would be a benefit could significantly reduce both patient morbidity and mortality. Herein, we sought to build a prognostic inflammatory-based classifier for stage I lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 548 European American lung cancer cases prospectively enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian study. C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β were measured using an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in serum samples collected at the time of study entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 and IL-8 were each associated with significantly shorter survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.64; p = 0.007; and HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.09-1.67; p = 0.005, respectively). Moreover, a combined classifier of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly associated with poor outcome in stage I lung cancer patients (HR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.54-7.48, p = 0.002) and in stage 1 patients with more than or equal to 30 pack-years of smoking (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.54-6.46, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results further support the association between inflammatory markers and lung cancer outcome and suggest that a combined serum IL-6/IL-8 classifier could be a useful tool for guiding therapeutic decisions in patients with stage I lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: *Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; †Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; ‡Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; and §Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
authors.forename: Bríd M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caporaso
authors.forename: Curtis C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8