title: Study of biocompatibility of medical grade high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel in vitro.
abstract: Adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the living organism have resulted in development of high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also improves steel properties. The cell cytocompatibility, blood compatibility and cell response of high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel were studied in vitro. The mechanical properties and microstructure of this stainless steel were compared to the currently used 316L stainless steel. It was shown that the new steel material had comparable basic mechanical properties to 316L stainless steel and preserved the single austenite organization. The cell toxicity test showed no significant toxic side effects for MC3T3-E1 cells compared to nitinol alloy. Cell adhesion testing showed that the number of MC3T3-E1 cells was more than that on nitinol alloy and the cells grew in good condition. The hemolysis rate was lower than the national standard of 5% without influence on platelets. The total intracellular protein content and ALP activity and quantification of mineralization showed good cell response. We conclude that the high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel is a promising new biomedical material for coronary stent development.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Menghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Tieying
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yazhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Materials Research Institute, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xingzheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: GIOME Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, China; GIOME Institute, RAK, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: wanggx@cqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guixue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D009532:Nickel; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D013193:Stainless Steel
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003722:Dental Alloys; C093826:Austenite; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Biocompatibility; Coronary stent; High nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel