title: Hemodynamic variables predict outcome of emergency thoracotomy in the pediatric trauma population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited data exist regarding indications for resuscitative emergency thoracotomy (ETR) in the pediatric population. We attempt to define the presenting hemodynamic parameters that predict survival for pediatric patients undergoing ETR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all pediatric patients (age <18years), entered into the National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2010, who underwent ETR within one hour of ED arrival. Mechanism of injury and hemodynamics were analyzed using Chi squared and Wilcoxon tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  316 children (70 blunt, 240 penetrating) underwent ETR, 31% (98/316) survived to discharge. Less than 5% of patients survived when presenting SBP was ≤50mmHg or heart rate was ≤70bpm. For blunt injuries there were no survivors with a pulse ≤80bpm or SBP ≤60mmHg. When survivors were compared to nonsurvivors, blood pressure, pulse, and injury type were statistically significant when treated as independent variables and in a logistic regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When ETR was performed for SBP ≤50mmHg or for heart rate ≤70bpm less than 5% of patients survived. There were no survivors of blunt trauma when SBP was ≤60mmHg or pulse was ≤80bpm. This review suggests that ETR may have limited benefit in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. Electronic address: dlwyrick@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Deidre L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wyrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
authors.forename: Melvin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dassinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bozeman
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
authors.forename: R Todd
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Maxson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011674:Pulse; D013908:Thoracotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Resuscitative thoracotomy; Thoracotomy; Trauma