title: The distribution of biologically effective UV spectral irradiances received on a manikin face that cause erythema and skin cancer.
abstract: Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of erythema and skin cancer in humans and the face is one of the highest risk sites. Biologically effective UV irradiation (UVBE) is wavelength-dependent, and risk assessment has been demonstrated based on the value of the received UV radiation. Therefore, this study measured the face skin exposure to UV spectral irradiance using a spectroradiometer and a head manikin, which were weighted by action spectra to calculate the UVBE that causes erythema (UVBEery), non-melanoma (UVBEnon-mel), human squamous cell cancer (UVBEh-SCC), and DNA damage (UVBEDNA-d). We determined that the biologically effective UVB and UVA irradiances on clear sky days had peak values at 65-73° SEA (8-9 UVI) and 55-68° SEA (6-7 UVI), respectively. In the 10-30° SEA range, the highly skin-damaging wavelengths were all observed at 300 nm. However, in the 30-60°, 60-81°, and 10-81° SEA ranges, the highly skin damaging wavelengths were 300 nm, 304 nm and 300 nm for UVBEery, respectively; 304 nm, 306 nm and 304 nm for UVBEnon-mel, respectively; all 305 nm for UVBEh-SCC, and two small peaks at 302 nm and 312 nm for UVBEDNA-d.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Jiaming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Electronic address: cmu_liuyang@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004249:DNA Damage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Biologically effective; Erythemal; Manikin; Skin cancer; Spectral; UV