title: Proteinuria and clinical outcome in CHD patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CHD patients, especially those with associated hypoxaemia, usually have some level of renal function impairment, even though they are relatively young. The aim of the study was to evaluate those clinical and analytical factors that may contribute to microalbuminuria and determine the association of 24-hour proteinuria with thrombotic events and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 251 CHD patients were studied and demographic characteristics, blood test, and 24-hour urinalysis were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 221 were non-hypoxaemic, and 30 were hypoxaemic (oxygen saturation of 84.3±5.9%). Of the non-hypoxaemic patients, 30 (13.6%), and of the hypoxaemic patients 9 (30%), showed proteinuria (>0.15 g/24 hours) (p=0.028). Hypoxaemic CHD patients also showed higher haematocrit (%) (50.7 (34.6; 72.1) versus 42.8 (34.6; 48.9), p<0.001), serum creatinine (mg/dl) (1.07±0.2 versus 0.96±1.9, p=0.004), microalbuminuria (mg/dl/24 hours) (1.2 (0.0; 261.5) versus 0.5 (0.0; 4.37), p<0.001), proteinuria (gr/24 hours) (1.0 (0.4; 3.1) versus 0.08 (0.04; 0.52), p=0.043), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) (417.8 (35.7; 8534.0) versus 44.9 (0.0; 670.5), p<0.001) concentrations than non-hypoxaemic CHD patients. During a median follow-up of 26.0 (16.9; 57.7) months, five patients died - one patient had 24-hour proteinuria and four patients did not (p=0.581) - and three patients had some type of thrombosis - two patients had 24-hour proteinuria and one patient did not (p=0.014). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between CHD patients with and without 24-hour proteinuria (p=0.631).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHD patients with proteinuria have significantly more thrombosis and more hypoxaemia than those patients without proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: 1Cardiology Service,Insular-Materno Infantil University HospitalLas Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain.
authors.forename: Efrén
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Quintana
authors.affiliation: 2Dr. Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria,Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain.
authors.forename: Fayna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Congenital; death; hypoxaemia; microalbuminuria; proteinuria; thrombosis