title: Fast start-up of Anammox process with appropriate ferrous iron concentration.
abstract: In this study, three upflow column reactors were compared for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process start-up time with different ferrous iron concentration in feeding. Continuous experiments indicated that the start-up time of Anammox process could be shortened from 70 to 58d in R2 (0.06mM Fe(2+)) and 50d in R3 (0.09mM Fe(2+)). The Anammox activity appeared after 16days operation in R3. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) analysis demonstrated a significant increase in quantity of Anammox bacteria in R3 compared with the other two reactors during entire operation. At the Fe(II) concentration of 0.09mM, the heme c levels inside Anammox cell and hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH) activity increased dramatically, which could be the trigger of fast Anammox start-up.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D019149:Bioreactors; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006418:Heme / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006418:Heme; D006834:Hydrazines; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D062065:Wastewater; C031690:heme C; C029424:hydrazine
keywords: Anammox; Enzyme activity; Fe effects; Heme c; Start-up