title: CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST (CDT)-volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) for dynamic liver imaging: comparison of gadoterate meglumine, gadobutrol and gadoxetic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST (CDT)-VIBE is a robust method for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging providing both high spatial and high temporal resolution. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA) on image quality (IQ) with CDT-VIBE.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this IRB-approved, retrospective, inter-individual comparison study, 86 patients scanned at 3T were included. Within 28s, 14 high-resolution 3D datasets were acquired using CDT-VIBE. 37 patients received 0.1mmol/kg gadoterate meglumine, 28 patients 0.1mmol/kg gadobutrol, and 19 patients 0.1mL/kg gadoxetic acid. Two blinded, board-certified radiologists assessed the image quality on a 5 point scale, as well as the number of hepatic arterial dominant (HAD) phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of the GBCA utilized, CDT-VIBE resulted in good IQ in terms of best IQ achieved among all 14 datasets (gadobutrol 4.3, gadoterate meglumine 3.9, gadoxetic acid 3.7). With respect to worst IQ, the three groups showed statistically significant differences with gadobutrol receiving the highest rating (3.6) and gadoxetic acid the lowest (2.4) (gadoterate meglumine 3.0; 0.0014<p<0.0485). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean number of acquired HAD phases (gadobutrol 3.4, gadoterate meglumine 3.9, gadoxetic acid 3.1; 0.18<p<0.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different gadolinium-based contrast agents can be utilized for dynamic liver imaging with CDT-VIBE resulting in good image quality.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: Johannes.Budjan@umm.de.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Budjan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riffel
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Michaely
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haneder
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062485:Breath Holding; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; C090600:gadobutrol; D008536:Meglumine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; C072417:gadoterate meglumine
keywords: Dynamic imaging; Gadolinium-based contrast agents; Liver imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Time-resolved imaging