title: Reconstruction of scaphoid nonunion fractures of the proximal one third with a vascularized bone graft from the distal radius.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment of proximal located scaphoid nonunion is a well-known and common problem. For these patients, we used a vascular pedicled bone graft of the distal radius.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the last 7 years, 75 patients were treated with the vascular pedicled bone graft. Retrospectively, patients' data, healing rates, and factors influencing scaphoid healing were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall healing rate in cases with proximal located nonunions (n = 54) was approximately 70%. Out of these 54 patients, 47 patients showed avascular proximal fragments. Multivariate analysis showed no significant impact for the factors age, smoking, duration of disease, or previous operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our negative selected patient group, we were able to achieve good results with the usage of a pedicled vascularized bone graft of the distal radius. Our results indicate a favorable outcome for the use of a pedicled vascularized distal radius bone graft in both scaphoid nonunion fractures of the proximal third, with or without an avascular proximal pole.
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG-Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Werdin
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG-Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaminet
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG-Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naegele
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG-Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfau
authors.affiliation: Department for Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG-Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Eberhard
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Schaller
keywords: bone graft; nonunion; reconstruction; scaphoid; vascularized