title: A multiresidue method for the determination of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in human breast milk based on a simple extraction procedure.
abstract: In recent decades, in parallel to industrial development, a large amount of new chemicals have emerged that are able to produce disorders in human endocrine system. These groups of substances, so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), include many families of compounds, such as parabens, benzophenone-UV filters and bisphenols. Given the demonstrated biological activity of those compounds, it is necessary to develop new analytical procedures to evaluate the exposure with the final objective of establishing, in an accurate way, relationships between EDCs concentrations and the harmful health effects observed in population. In the present work, a method based on a simplified sample treatment involving steps of precipitation, evaporation and clean-up of the extracts with C18 followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis for the determination of bisphenol A and its chlorinated derivatives (monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro- and tetrachlorobisphenol A), parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben) and benzophenone-UV filters (benzophenone -1,-2, -3, -6, -8 and 4-hydroxybenzophenone) in human breast milk samples is proposed and validated. The limits of detections found ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 ng mL(-1). The method was validated using matrix-matched standard calibration followed by a recovery assay with spiked samples. Recovery rates ranged from 91% to 110% and the precision (evaluated as relative standard deviation) was lower than 15% for all compounds, being within the acceptable limits for the selected bioanalytical method validation guide. The method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of these compounds in human breast milk samples collected from 10 randomly selected women.
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: azafra@ugr.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zafra-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navalón
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors
keywords: Benzophenone-UV filters; Bisphenol A; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Human milk samples; Parabens; UHPLC-MS/MS