title: Structure and bioactivity of a polysaccharide extracted from protocorm-like bodies of Dendrobium huoshanense.
abstract: The crude polysaccharides of Dendrobium huoshanense were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, giving one homogeneous fraction DHP-4A with molecular weight of 2.32 × 10(5)Da. UV spectrum indicated that there was no existence of proteins and nucleic acids in DHP-4A. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that DHP-4A was made up of glucose, arabinose, mannose and rhamnose with a molar ratio of 13.8:3.0:6.1:2.1. The backbone of DHP-4A consisted of (1 → 6)-linked glucose, (1 → 6)-linked mannose and (1 → 3,6)-linked mannose. The βL-Rhap-(1 → 2)-β-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → and α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)- α-L-Araf -(1 → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → were regarded as the branches attached to the C-3 position of (1 → 6)-linked mannose in the backbone. The sugar residue sequence was further determined by NMR spectra including (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HSQC and HMBC. Pharmacological tests showed that DHP-4A can significantly stimulate RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to secrete NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 via activation of p38, ERK, JNK and translocation of nuclear NF-κB, indicating this polysaccharide possesses good immunoregulatory activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhaxueqiang@hfut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xue-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, No. 205 Antonio R. Barcelo Avenune, Cayey, 00736-9997, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Vibha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Muhammad-Naeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing-Fa
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: jianpingluo@hfut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001089:Arabinose / Q000737:chemistry; D031667:Dendrobium / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008358:Mannose / Q000737:chemistry; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001089:Arabinose; D005947:Glucose; D008358:Mannose; D012210:Rhamnose
keywords: Dendrobium huoshanense; Immunoregulatory activity; Polysaccharide