title: Residues and dissipation kinetics of triazole fungicides difenoconazole and propiconazole in wheat and soil in Chinese fields.
abstract: An analytical method for simultaneously determining the residues of difenoconazole and propiconazole in wheat straw, wheat grain and soil was developed. Mean recoveries and relative standard deviations in all samples ranged 86.2-101.3% and 3.1-12.1% for propiconazole and difenoconazole. The half-lives of difenoconazole and propiconazole were 3.6-5.5days and 5.1-6.9days in wheat straws, and 4.9-5.8days and 6.1-8.4days in soil, respectively. The residues in wheat grain were found to be <0.01mg/kg, based on the application rate (135g a.i./ha) and the pre-harvest interval (PHI=28days) recommended by the manufacturer. The results suggest that the use of difenoconazole and propiconazole on wheat is considered to be safe under the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in the Chinese fields, and the main factors for pesticide residue in crops are application times, rates and pre-harvest intervals.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Nanjing 210014, China. Electronic address: yzuzzy@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Beijing 100125, China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Beijing 100125, China.
authors.forename: Wencheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Beijing 100125, China.
authors.forename: Zuntao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Donglan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base/Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Xianjin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004148:Dioxolanes; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014230:Triazoles; C045950:propiconazole; C115058:difenoconazole
keywords: Difenoconazole; Dissipation kinetics; Propiconazole; Residues; Soil; Wheat