title: Hypercoagulability in celiac disease--an update.
abstract: Celiac disease is a life-long autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs of genetically susceptible individuals. One of the extra intestinal manifestations of the disease is thromboembolic events like strokes, veins' thrombosis, and pregnancy losses. Hypercoagulable autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, associated with celiac disease just add risk to the patients. Pathogenic predisposing avenues increasing the hypercoagulability in celiac disease are multiple: nutritional deficiencies (B12, folate, and vitamin K), genetic predisposition (MTHFR mutations), thrombophilic autoantibodies, hyperhomocysinemia, endothelial dysfunction and platelet abnormalities. Primary pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis or treating the predisposing factors should be considered on a personal basis.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Carmel Medical Center, B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 34362, Israel. Electronic address: lerner_aaron@clalit.org.il.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.affiliation: The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Ashomer 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blank
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C573423:MTHFR protein, human; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)
keywords: Autoimmunity; Celiac disease; Hypercoagulability; Thromboembolism; Thrombophilia