title: Superficially porous particles vs. fully porous particles for bonded high performance liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phases: isopropyl cyclofructan 6.
abstract: This work reports a comparison of HPLC separations of enantiomers with chiral stationary phases (CSPs) prepared by chemically bonding cyclofructan-6, functionalized with isopropyl carbamate groups on fully and superficially porous particles (SPPs). The chromatographic performance of the superficially porous CSP based column was compared with columns packed with 5 μm and 3 μm fully porous particles (FPPs). At a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min the number of plates on column afforded by the SPP column was ∼7× greater than the number of plates on column (same length) obtained when using the 5 μm FPP based column. The flow rate providing the highest efficiency separation was ∼1.0 mL/min for the SPP column while it was ∼0.5 mL/min for both FPP columns. It was found that the selectivity and resolution of the separations were comparable between fully porous and superficially porous based columns (under constant mobile phase conditions), even though the SPP column contained lower absolute amounts of chiral selector. When tested under constant retention conditions, the SPP based CSP greatly improved resolution compared to the FPP based columns. At high flow rates the efficiency gained by using superficially porous CSP was accentuated. The advantages of columns based on SPPs become more obvious from the viewpoint of plate numbers and resolution per analysis time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Spudeit
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maressa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dolzan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Breitbach
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Micke
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA. Electronic address: sec4dwa@uta.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005630:Fructans / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D005630:Fructans; C557358:cyclofructan 6
keywords: Chiral separation; Cyclofructan 6; LARIHC CF6-P; Liquid chromatography; Superficially porous particles