title: Newborn screening for sickle cell disease: technical and legal aspects of a German pilot study with 38,220 participants.
abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) does not occur in the indigenous German population, but with the increasing number of immigrants from countries at high risk for hemoglobinopathies, the question emerges whether or not a newborn screening program (NBS) for SCD disease should be initiated in Germany anyhow. We have recently shown that in Berlin, a city with a very large immigrant population, the incidence of SCD is considerable, but our findings are insufficient to make a decision for the country as a whole. In this paper we will show that a large body of epidemiological data can be generated in a relatively short period of time, with a very high degree of precision and at relatively little expense--a result that might motivate other working groups to start such a pilot project locally. We examined previously collected dried blood cards that were up to six months old, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as first method and capillary electrophoresis (CE) as second method. A single, part-time laboratory technician processed 38,220 samples in a period of 162 working days. The total costs per sample including all incidentals (as well as labor costs) were EUR 1.44.
authors.affiliation: Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany ; INSTAND e.V., Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Qualitätssicherung in Medizinischen Laboratorien e.V., Ubierstraße 20, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6024-4432
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frömmel
authors.affiliation: Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1337-4832
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brose
authors.affiliation: Newborn Screening Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7668-4395
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Newborn Screening Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1803-5589
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blankenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/BMT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5398-0610
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lobitz
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006453:Hemoglobinopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies