title: Canine enteric coronaviruses: emerging viral pathogens with distinct recombinant spike proteins.
abstract: Canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV) is an alphacoronavirus infecting dogs that is closely related to enteric coronaviruses of cats and pigs. While CCoV has traditionally caused mild gastro-intestinal clinical signs, there are increasing reports of lethal CCoV infections in dogs, with evidence of both gastrointestinal and systemic viral dissemination. Consequently, CCoV is now considered to be an emerging infectious disease of dogs. In addition to the two known serotypes of CCoV, novel recombinant variants of CCoV have been found containing spike protein N-terminal domains (NTDs) that are closely related to those of feline and porcine strains. The increase in disease severity in dogs and the emergence of novel CCoVs can be attributed to the high level of recombination within the spike gene that can occur during infection by more than one CCoV type in the same host.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bnm4@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Beth N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Licitra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ged36@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Gerald E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Duhamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. grw7@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Whittaker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D065288:Serogroup; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus