title: Clinical nonmotor aspect of A2A antagonist in PD treatment.
abstract: The chapter discusses with clinical case study if adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, as a novel therapeutic class for symptomatic improvement of Parkinson's disease (PD), can also be expected to have an improvement of nonmotor symptoms related with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa Toon, Ehime, Japan. Electronic address: nomoto@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists
keywords: Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist; Istradefylline; Nonmotor functions; Parkinson's disease