title: Cell-autonomous defense, re-organization and trafficking of membranes in plant-microbe interactions.
abstract: Plant cells dynamically change their architecture and molecular composition following encounters with beneficial or parasitic microbes, a process referred to as host cell reprogramming. Cell-autonomous defense reactions are typically polarized to the plant cell periphery underneath microbial contact sites, including de novo cell wall biosynthesis. Alternatively, host cell reprogramming converges in the biogenesis of membrane-enveloped compartments for accommodation of beneficial bacteria or invasive infection structures of filamentous microbes. Recent advances have revealed that, in response to microbial encounters, plasma membrane symmetry is broken, membrane tethering and SNARE complexes are recruited, lipid composition changes and plasma membrane-to-cytoskeleton signaling is activated, either for pre-invasive defense or for microbial entry. We provide a critical appraisal on recent studies with a focus on how plant cells re-structure membranes and the associated cytoskeleton in interactions with microbial pathogens, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dörmann
authors.forename: Hyeran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulze-Lefert
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wewer
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hückelhoven
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: ROP GTPase; effector; exocyst; membrane domains; membrane heterogeneity; microtubules; plastids; syntaxin