title: Hemodynamic response of children with attention-deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) to emotional facial expressions.
abstract: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty recognizing facial expressions. They identify angry expressions less accurately than typically developing (TD) children, yet little is known about their atypical neural basis for the recognition of facial expressions. Here, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine the distinctive cerebral hemodynamics of ADHD and TD children while they viewed happy and angry expressions. We measured the hemodynamic responses of 13 ADHD boys and 13 TD boys to happy and angry expressions at their bilateral temporal areas, which are sensitive to face processing. The ADHD children showed an increased concentration of oxy-Hb for happy faces but not for angry faces, while TD children showed increased oxy-Hb for both faces. Moreover, the individual peak latency of hemodynamic response in the right temporal area showed significantly greater variance in the ADHD group than in the TD group. Such atypical brain activity observed in ADHD boys may relate to their preserved ability to recognize a happy expression and their difficulty recognizing an angry expression. We firstly demonstrated that NIRS can be used to detect atypical hemodynamic response to facial expressions in ADHD children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Higashi-Nakano, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan; Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan. Electronic address: ichihiro@tamacc.chuo-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clothing Science, Osaka Shoin Women׳s University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakato
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Japan Women׳s University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-0845, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakuta
authors.affiliation: Center for Child Development and Psychosomatic Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-0845, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Higashi-Nakano, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan; Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakigi
mesh_terms: D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D006240:Happiness; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
keywords: ADHD; Face processing; NIRS; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Occipito-temporal area