title: Apoptins: selective anticancer agents.
abstract: Therapies that selectively target cancer cells for death have been the center of intense research recently. One potential therapy may involve apoptin proteins, which are able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells leaving normal cells unharmed. Apoptin was originally discovered in the Chicken anemia virus (CAV); however, human gyroviruses (HGyV) have recently been found that also harbor apoptin-like proteins. Although the cancer cell specific activity of these apoptins appears to be well conserved, the precise functions and mechanisms of action are yet to be fully elucidated. Strategies for both delivering apoptin to treat tumors and disseminating the protein inside the tumor body are now being developed, and have shown promise in preclinical animal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, and Integrative Regenerative Medical Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnologia, La Paz, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Oscar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Rollano Peñaloza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stetefeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ossysek
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madej
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bereta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sobczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shojaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.affiliation: Department Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, and Integrative Regenerative Medical Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: marek.los@liu.se.
authors.forename: Marek J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Łos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D017727:Chicken anemia virus / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D046810:Gyrovirus / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D036022:Capsid Proteins; C091717:VP3 protein, Chicken anemia virus; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: CDK2; anaphase-promoting complex; anticancer agents; protein kinase C; protein phosphatase 2A