title: Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF-1) expression is increased in renal cell carcinoma patient serum but decreased in cancer tissue compared with normal: potential biomarker significance.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) generally has a poor prognosis because of late diagnosis and metastasis. We have previously described decreased tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF-1) in RCC compared with paired normal kidney in a patient cohort in Australia. In the present study, TRAF-1 expression in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and normal kidney was again compared, but in a cohort from University Malaya Medical Centre. Serum TRAF-1 was also evaluated in RCC and normal samples.Immunohistochemistry with automated batch staining and Aperio ImageScope morphometry was used to compare TRAF-1 in 61 ccRCC with paired normal kidney tissue. Serum from 15 newly diagnosed and untreated ccRCC and 15 healthy people was tested for TRAF-1 using ELISA.In this cohort, TRAF-1 was highly expressed in proximal tubular epithelium of normal kidney, and significantly decreased in ccRCC tissue (p < 0.001). Conversely, TRAF-1 in serum from ccRCC patients was significantly increased over control serum (132 ± 30 versus 54 ± 14 pg/mL, respectively; p = 0.013).Decreased TRAF-1 in RCC tissue, reported previously, was confirmed. This, along with significantly increased serum TRAF-1 may indicate the protein is actively secreted during development and progression of ccRCC. Therefore, the increased serum TRAF-1 may be a useful non-invasive indicator of RCC development.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 2University Malaya Cancer Research Institute (UMCRI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 5University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajandram
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pailoor
authors.forename: A H A
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Razack
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gobe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1