title: Gastroprotective effect and mechanism of patchouli alcohol against ethanol, indomethacin and stress-induced ulcer in rats.
abstract: Pogostemonis Herba is an important Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is the major active constituent of Pogostemonis Herba. This study aimed to investigate the possible anti-ulcerogenic potential of PA and the underlying mechanism against ethanol, indomethacin and water immersion restraint-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Gross and histological gastric lesions, biochemical and immunological parameters were taken into consideration. The gastric mucus content and the antisecretory activity were analyzed through pylorus ligature model in rats. Results indicated that oral administration with PA significantly reduced the ulcer areas induced by ethanol, indomethacin and water immersion restraint. PA pretreatment significantly promoted gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and non-protein sulfhydryl group (NP-SH) levels, upregulated the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression, and considerably boosted the gastric blood flow (GBF) and gastric mucus production in comparison with vehicle. In addition, PA modulated the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were also restored by PA. However, the gastric secretion parameters (pH, volume of gastric juice and pepsin) did not show any significant alteration. These findings suggest that PA exhibited significant gastroprotective effects against gastric ulceration. The underlying mechanisms might involve the stimulation of COX-mediated PGE2, improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, preservation of GBF and NP-SH, as well as boost of gastric mucus production.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong-Zhuo
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Zhun
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 510006, PR China. Electronic address: hping331@126.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 510006, PR China. Electronic address: suziren@gzucm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zi-Ren
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D005978:Glutathione; C052983:patchouli alcohol; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Cyclooxygenase; Gastric blood flow; Gastric mucus; Gastroprotective; Patchouli alcohol; Prostaglandin E(2)