title: Extravillous trophoblast cells-derived exosomes promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration is a critical process during human uterine spiral artery (SpA) remodeling and a successful pregnancy. Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) interact with VSMC and enhance their migration, however, the mechanisms by which EVT remodel SpA remain to be fully elucidated. We hypothesize that exosomes released from EVT promote VSMC migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo cell lines were used as models for EVT. Cells were cultured at 37°C and humidified under an atmosphere of 5% CO2-balanced N2 to obtain 8% O2. Cell-conditioned media were collected, and exosomes (exo-JEG-3 and exo- HTR-8/SVneo) isolated by differential and buoyant density centrifugation. The effects of exo-EVT on VSMC migration were established using a real-time, live-cell imaging system (Incucyte™). Exosomal proteins where identified by mass spectrometry and submitted to bioinformatic pathway analysis (Ingenuity software).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HTR-8/SVneo cells were significantly more (~30%) invasive than JEG-3 cells. HTR-8/SVneo cells released 2.6-fold more exosomes (6.39 × 10(8) ± 2.5 × 10(8) particles/10(6) cells) compared to JEG-3 (2.86 × 10(8) ± 0.78 × 10(8) particles/10(6) cells). VSMC migration was significantly increased in the presence of exo-JEG-3 and exo-HTR-8/SVneo compared to control (-exosomes) (21.83 ± 0.49 h and 15.57 ± 0.32, respectively, vs. control 25.09 ± 0.58 h, p < 0.05). Sonication completely abolished the effect of exosomes on VSMC migration. Finally, mass spectrometry analysis identified unique exosomal proteins for each EVT cell line-derived exosomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained in this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the release, content, and bioactivity of exosomes derived from EVT-like cell lines is cell origin-dependent and differentially regulates VSMC migration. Thus, an EVT exosomal signaling pathway may contribute to SpA remodeling by promoting the migration of VSMC out of the vessel walls.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Katherin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scholz-Romero
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Miharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaswani
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kvaskoff
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sebastian E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Illanes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rice
keywords: cell migration; exosomes; placenta; pregnancy; proteomics