title: Antidepressant effect of Stillen.
abstract: Stillen has been used to treat patients with gastric mucosal ulcers and has an anti-inflammatory effect. It is well-known that neuro-inflammatory reactions are related to depression. Here we evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of Stillen on mice subjected to the forced swimming test (FST). Stillen and eupatilin (a major component of Stillen) significantly decreased immobility times compared with the FST control group. In the Stillen-administered group, increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein were observed in the hippocampus. Nissl bodies also increased in the hippocampus neuronal cytoplasm of the Stillen-administered group. Stillen decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (at the mRNA and protein levels) in the hippocampus and serum, compared with the control group. In addition, the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor-β increased after Stillen administration in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that Stillen should be viewed as a candidate antidepressant.
authors.affiliation: Biochip Research Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, 336-795, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jeong-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Na-Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myoung-schook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yoou
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Kyu-Youb
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jae-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: In-Cheol
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Nam-In
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines; C116959:DA 9601; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005419:Flavonoids; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012701:Serotonin; C045325:eupatilin