title: Exploration of cardanol-based phenolated and epoxidized resins by size exclusion chromatography and MALDI mass spectrometry.
abstract: Cardanol and cardanol derivatives are among the most important biobased materials currently investigated in green chemistry, as renewable and promising building blocks in lieu of traditional raw materials from non renewable resources, in particular owing to the olefinic linkages on the C15 alkyl side-chain. Despite the increasing interest they arouse, analytical chemistry dedicated to cardanol and associated resins has been rarely reported in the literature, found even poorer when dealing with chromatography and mass spectrometry. In this work, a thorough molecular characterization was conducted using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and SEC-MALDI coupling to gain insights into the composition of phenolated, epoxidized, and epoxidized phenolated cardanol. A nomenclature was proposed to properly describe the numerous species found in these materials, while simulations of the unsaturation patterns and their comparison with the detected patterns in MALDI-MS gave useful details about the phenolation treatment expected to occur on the polyunsaturated C15 side chain. Finally, the SEC-MALDI off-line coupling allowed SEC peaks to be deconvoluted by mass spectrometry and MALDI artefacts related to matrix adduction to be pointed out.
authors.affiliation: Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, ZAE Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg. Electronic address: thierry.fouquet@tudor.lu.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fouquet
authors.affiliation: Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, ZAE Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puchot
authors.affiliation: Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, ZAE Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verge
authors.affiliation: Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, ZAE Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: João A S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bomfim
authors.affiliation: Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, ZAE Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruch
mesh_terms: D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods*; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010636:Phenols; C038590:cardanol
keywords: Bioresin; Cardanol; Mass spectrometry; Polyepoxy resin; Polyphenol resin; Size exclusion chromatography