title: A cross-sectional pilot study assessing needs and attitudes to implementation of Information and Communication Technology for rational use of medicines among healthcare staff in rural Tanzania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In resource-poor countries access to essential medicines, suboptimal prescribing and use of medicines are major problems. Health workers lack updated medical information and treatment support. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) could help tackle this. The impact of ICT on health systems in resource-poor countries is likely to be significant and transform the practice of medicine just as in high-income countries. However, research for finding the best way of doing this is needed. We aimed to assess current approaches to and use of ICT among health workers in two rural districts of Tanzania in relation to the current drug distribution practices, drug stock and continuing medical information (CME), as well as assessing the feasibility of using ICT to improve ordering and use of medicines.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot study was conducted in 2010-2011, mapping the drug distribution chain in Tanzania, including problems and barriers. The study was conducted in Bunda and Serengeti districts, both part of the ICT4RD (ICT for rural development) project. Health workers involved in drug procurement and use at 13 health facilities were interviewed on use and knowledge of ICT, and their attitudes to its use in their daily work. They were also shown and interviewed about their thoughts on an android tablet application prototype for drug stock inventory and drug ordering, based on the Tanzanian Medical Stores Department (MSD) current paper forms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main challenge was a stable supply of essential medicines. Drug supplies were often delayed and incomplete, resulting in stock-outs. All 20 interviewed health workers used mobile phones, 8 of them Smartphones with Internet connection. The Health workers were very positive to the tablet application and saw its potential in reducing drug stock-outs. They also expressed a great need and wish for CME by distance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tablet application was easily used and appreciated by health workers, and thus has the potential to save time and effort, reduce transportation costs and minimise drug stock-outs. Furthermore, the android tablet could be used to reach out with CME programs to health care workers at remote health facilities, as well as those in towns.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilseng
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nungu
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastholm-Rahmner
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazali
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pehrson
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. jaran.eriksen@ki.se.
authors.forename: Jaran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eriksen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012424:Rural Population; D013636:Tanzania; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations