title: A smart and versatile theranostic nanomedicine platform based on nanoporphyrin.
abstract: Multifunctional nanoparticles with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions show great promise towards personalized nanomedicine. However, attaining consistently high performance of these functions in vivo in one single nanoconstruct remains extremely challenging. Here we demonstrate the use of one single polymer to develop a smart 'all-in-one' nanoporphyrin platform that conveniently integrates a broad range of clinically relevant functions. Nanoporphyrins can be used as amplifiable multimodality nanoprobes for near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and dual modal PET-MRI. Nanoporphyrins greatly increase the imaging sensitivity for tumour detection through background suppression in blood, as well as preferential accumulation and signal amplification in tumours. Nanoporphyrins also function as multiphase nanotransducers that can efficiently convert light to heat inside tumours for photothermal therapy (PTT), and light to singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, nanoporphyrins act as programmable releasing nanocarriers for targeted delivery of drugs or therapeutic radio-metals into tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanpei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Tzu-Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.|Department of Oncology, PLA Cancer Research Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.|National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Qiangqiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Wenwu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Wenchang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lac
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Hongyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.|Beijing institute of technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Caihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.|Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wachsmann-Hogiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.|UC Davis NMR Facility, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kukis
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.|VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA.
authors.forename: Chongxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Kit S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D050091:Dendrimers; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011166:Porphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004317:Doxorubicin