title: Diversity of Salmonella isolates from central Florida surface waters.
abstract: Identification of Salmonella serotypes is important for understanding the environmental diversity of the genus Salmonella. This study evaluates the diversity of Salmonella isolates recovered from 165 of 202 Central Florida surface water samples and investigates whether the serotype of the environmental Salmonella isolates can be predicted by a previously published multiplex PCR assay (S. Kim, J. G. Frye, J. Hu, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, R. Gautom, and D. S. Boyle, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:3608-3615, 2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00701-06). Multiplex PCR was performed on 562 Salmonella isolates (as many as 36 isolates per water sample) to predict serotypes. Kauffmann-White serogrouping was used to confirm multiplex PCR pattern groupings before isolates were serotyped, analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility. In 41.2% of the Salmonella-positive water samples, all Salmonella isolates had identical multiplex PCR patterns; in the remaining 58.8%, two or more multiplex PCR patterns were identified. Within each sample, isolates with matching multiplex PCR patterns had matching serogroups. The multiplex patterns of 495 isolates (88.1%) did not match any previously reported pattern. The remaining 68 isolates matched reported patterns but did not match the serotypes for those patterns. The use of the multiplex PCR allowed the number of isolates requiring further analysis to be reduced to 223. Thirty-three Salmonella enterica serotypes were identified; the most frequent included serotypes Muenchen, Rubislaw, Anatum, Gaminara, and IV_50:z4,z23:-. A majority (141/223) of Salmonella isolates clustered into one genotypic group. Salmonella isolates in Central Florida surface waters are serotypically, genotypically, and phenotypically (in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility) diverse. While isolates could be grouped as different or potentially the same using multiplex PCR, the multiplex PCR pattern did not predict the Salmonella serotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McEgan
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Food Safety Cluster, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Food Safety Cluster, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Goodridge
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA mddanyluk@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Danyluk
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005431:Florida; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010641:Phenotype; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D065288:Serogroup; D014871:Water Microbiology