title: On-line SPE-UHPLC method using fused core columns for extraction and separation of nine illegal dyes in chilli-containing spices.
abstract: The presented work describes the development of a simple, fast and effective on-line SPE-UHPLC-UV/vis method using fused core particle columns for extraction, separation and quantitative analysis of the nine illegal dyes, most frequently found in chilli-containing spices. The red dyes Sudan I-IV, Sudan Red 7B, Sudan Red G, Sudan Orange G, Para Red, and Methyl Red were separated and analyzed in less than 9 min without labor-consuming pretreatment procedure. The chromatographic separation was performed on Ascentis Express RP-Amide column with gradient elution using mixture of acetonitrile and water, as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) and 55°C of temperature. As SPE sorbent for cleanup and pre-concentration of illegal dyes short guard fused core column Ascentis Express F5 was used. The applicability of proposed method was proven for three different chilli-containing commercial samples. Recoveries for all compounds were between 90% and 108% and relative standard deviation ranged from 1% to 4% for within- and from 2% to 6% for between-day. Limits of detection showed lower values than required by European Union regulations and were in the range of 3.3-10.3 µg L(-1) for standard solutions, 5.6-235.6 µg kg(-1) for chilli-containing spices.
authors.affiliation: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khalikova
authors.affiliation: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. Electronic address: satinsky@faf.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Satínský
authors.affiliation: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smidrkalová
authors.affiliation: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solich
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D009284:Naphthols / Q000737:chemistry; D009862:Online Systems; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D017365:Spices / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009284:Naphthols; C552939:para red; C008710:Orange G; C046548:fat red 7B; C008492:methyl red; C033003:sudan red; C009213:Scarlet Red
keywords: Chilli-containing samples; Column switching; Fused core column; Illegal red Sudan dyes; On-line solid phase extraction; UHPLC