title: Transcriptional profiles of glutathione-S-Transferase isoforms, Cyp, and AOE genes in atrazine-exposed zebrafish embryos.
abstract: Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) superfamily consists of multiple members involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Expressional pattern of the GST isoforms in adult fish has been used as a biomarker of exposure to environmental chemicals. However, GST transcriptional responses vary across organs, thus requiring a cross-tissue examination of multiple mRNAs for GST profiling in an animal after chemical exposure. Zebrafish embryos express all GST isoforms as adult fish and could therefore represent an alternative model for identification of biomarkers of exposure. To evaluate such a possibility, we studied a set of cytosolic and microsomal GST isoform-specific expression profiles in the zebrafish embryos after exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide. Expression of the GST isoforms was compared with that of CYP genes involved in the phase I of xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) genes. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we showed dynamic changes in the expressional pattern of twenty GST isoforms, cyp1a, cyp3a65, ahr2, and four AOEs in early development of zebrafish. Acute (48 and 72 h) exposure of 24 h-old embryos to atrazine, from environmentally relevant (0.005 mg/L) to high (40 mg/L) concentrations, caused a variety of transient, albeit minor changes (<2.5-fold) in the GST isoforms, ahr2 and AOE genes response. However, expression of cyp1a and cyp3a65 mRNA was markedly and consistently induced by high doses of atrazine (5 and 40 mg/L). In summary, an analysis of the response of multiple systems in the zebrafish embryos provided a comprehensive understanding of atrazine toxicity and its potential impact on biological processes.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glisic
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hrubik
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fa
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dopudj
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nebojsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andric
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C474372:AHR2 protein, zebrafish; D000975:Antioxidants; D003580:Cytochromes; D006540:Herbicides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: GST isoforms; atrazine; cyp1a; cyp3a65; zebrafish embryos