title: How patient-centered do female physicians need to be? Analogue patients' satisfaction with male and female physicians' identical behaviors.
abstract: Previous research suggests that female physicians may not receive appropriate credit in patients' eyes for their patient-centered skills compared to their male counterparts. An experiment was conducted to determine whether a performance of higher (versus lower) verbal patient-centeredness would result in a greater difference in analogue patient satisfaction for male than female physicians. Two male and two female actors portrayed physicians speaking to a patient using high or low patient-centered scripts while not varying their nonverbal cues. One hundred ninety-two students served as analogue patients by assuming the patient role while watching one of the videos and rating their satisfaction and other evaluative responses to the physician. Greater verbal patient-centeredness had a stronger positive effect on satisfaction and evaluations for male than for female physicians. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that the different associations between patient-centeredness and patients' satisfaction for male versus female physicians occur because of the overlap between stereotypical female behavior and behaviors that comprise patient-centered medical care. If this is the case, high verbal patient-centered behavior by female physicians is not recognized as a marker of clinical competence, as it is for male physicians, but is rather seen as expected female behavior.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Northeastern University.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Roter
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blanch-Hartigan
authors.forename: Marianne Schmid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pitegoff
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014743:Videotape Recording; D055815:Young Adult