title: An innovative challenge test for solid cosmetics using freeze-dried microorganisms and electrical methods.
abstract: Freeze-dried bacteria and fungi were used as inoculum in 28 days' PET. An electrical method was used in replacement of the conventional plate count method. The use of freeze-dried microorganisms in association with the electrical method can minimize the workload and the variability involved in PET for cosmetic powders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R S
authors.initials: MRS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: chacra@usp.br.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bou-Chacra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: T J A
authors.initials: TJA
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003358:Cosmetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003358:Cosmetics
keywords: Efficacy test; Electrical methods; Preservative; Solid cosmetic