title: Clinical signs and symptoms of tinnitus in temporomandibular joint disorders: a pilot study comparing patients and non-patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tinnitus is one of the otologic symptoms commonly reported to be associated with temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and questions regarding its nature and cause continue to plague the clinical and research community.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current pilot study aimed to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms of presenting tinnitus in a group of individuals with TMD (group A), and compare them with a group with tinnitus but without TMD (group B). Twenty participants were included in the study, 10 from each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants underwent basic audiological as well as ear, nose and throat (ENT) evaluations to establish group A and group B. For tinnitus assessment, all participants completed a tinnitus survey questionnaire, and their tinnitus was evaluated using tinnitus matching procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings revealed clinically relevant differences in attributes of tinnitus in patients with and without TMD. Most of the participants in group A matched their tinnitus to a 6 000 Hz tone or noise, at lower intensity levels than participants in group B, although these results were not statistically significant. Participants in group A associated their tinnitus with a single sound whereas some participants in group B associated it with more than one sound. More participants in group B reported the duration of their tinnitus as constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tinnitus may occur in patients with TMD, and be of high frequency. This highlights the importance of thorough assessment for patients with tinnitus as this might have implications for diagnosis and management.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khoza-Shangase
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010898:Pitch Perception; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000379:methods*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult