title: Photodegradation of antibiotic 5-sulfaminouracil in the presence of vitamin B2: a kinetic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper studies the kinetics and mechanism of the sensitized photodegradation of 5-sulfaminouracil (SFU). This compound is a synthetic bacteriostatic belonging to the sulfa drugs, usually detected in surface water and effluent wastewater.
  
  
  METHODS
  SFU interacts with electronically excited singlet and triplet states of riboflavin (Rf), (1)Rf* and (3)Rf*, respectively. The rate constants for these processes were determined in MeOH-H2O by stationary fluorescence spectroscopy (for kQ(1)) and by laser flash photolysis (for kQ(3)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SFU is photodegraded by visible light irradiation in the presence of the natural sensitizer (Rf). In competitive processes, (3)Rf* generates the reactive oxygen species superoxide radical anion (O2(•-)) and singlet molecular oxygen [O2((1)Δg)], which are involved in SFU photodegradation. In aqueous solutions, where SFU adopts different forms depending on the pH of the medium, the participation of O2((1)Δg) is predominant. Therefore, the O2((1)Δg)-mediated mechanism was evaluated at pHs 7 and 12, employing perinaphthenone as a synthetic photosensitizer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that SFU is photodegraded through a relatively efficient process in a neutral environment, whereas it is quickly degraded in alkaline media. This is attributed to the ionization of the sulfamino- group, a substituent in the uracil molecule that exerts an activating power on the molecule. Thus, sensitized photodegradation may be an important tool to reduce the environmental impact of SFU.
authors.forename: Marta Susana
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Marta Mabel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Luiz
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C000600491:5-sulfaminouracil; D000838:Anions; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014498:Uracil; D010100:Oxygen; D012256:Riboflavin
keywords: 5-Sulfaminouracil; Riboflavin; Singlet molecular oxygen; Superoxide radical anion