title: Oleaginous yeasts for biodiesel: current and future trends in biology and production.
abstract: Production of biodiesel from edible plant oils is quickly expanding worldwide to fill a need for renewable, environmentally-friendly liquid transportation fuels. Due to concerns over use of edible commodities for fuels, production of biodiesel from non-edible oils including microbial oils is being developed. Microalgae biodiesel is approaching commercial viability, but has some inherent limitations such as requirements for sunlight. While yeast oils have been studied for decades, recent years have seen significant developments including discovery of new oleaginous yeast species and strains, greater understanding of the metabolic pathways that determine oleaginicity, optimization of cultivation processes for conversion of various types of waste plant biomass to oil using oleaginous yeasts, and development of strains with enhanced oil production. This review examines aspects of oleaginous yeasts not covered in depth in other recent reviews. Topics include the history of oleaginous yeast research, especially advances in the early 20th century; the phylogenetic diversity of oleaginous species, beyond the few species commonly studied; and physiological characteristics that should be considered when choosing yeast species and strains to be utilized for conversion of a given type of plant biomass to oleochemicals. Standardized terms are proposed for units that describe yeast cell mass and lipid production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), the Ministry of Forestry, Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Irnayuli R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Sitepu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Garay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2 N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sestric
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2 N2, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: J Bruce
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: German
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: klbmills@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Kyria L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Boundy-Mills
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D060847:Metabolic Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009821:Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D009821:Oils
keywords: Biodiesel; Fatty acid composition; Lipid analysis; Process development; SCO; Single cell oil; Strain development; Yeast lipids