title: Matrix metalloproteinase expression in keratocystic odontogenic tumors and primary cells.
abstract: Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) are locally invasive, rapidly proliferating cystic lesions of the jaw. The bone-invasive nature of these tumors has been previously associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade the extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression and activity of MMPs in primary KCOT cells and tumor tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four independently established KCOT primary cell populations were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Primary cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and for secretion of active MMPs. Primary tumor sections were analyzed by IHC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 18 human MMPs examined, 9 were consistently expressed in primary KCOT cells. MMP-2 and MMP-14 were highly expressed in all KCOT populations, while MMP-1, 3, 11, 12, 16, 17, and 19 were moderately expressed. MMP-3, 11, 12, 16, 17 and 19 were shown to be expressed in KCOTs for the first time. No significant differences in MMPS profiles were found between syndromic (KCOT-3) and non-syndromic cell populations (KCOT-1/2/4). Protein expression of MMP-1, 11, 12, 14 and 16 was confirmed in each KCOT cell populations by IHC. KCOT-3 cells secreted active MMP-2 as determined by a gel zymography assay. Expression of MMP-1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 14, and 16 was confirmed in matching primary KCOT tumor sections representing syndromic and non-syndromic KCOTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KCOT primary cell populations and tumors express a wide range of MMPs, which likely play a role in the bone-invasive nature of these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL , USA.
authors.forename: Hope M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Amm
authors.forename: Monee D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Casimir
authors.forename: Dakota B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacDougall
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009807:Odontogenic Cysts / Q000378:metabolism; D009808:Odontogenic Tumors / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Keratocystic odontogenic tumors; matrix metalloproteinases; odontogenic tumors; primary cell culture; primary tumor