title: Pakistan's experience with kidney transplantation and trade: a call for international solidarity.
abstract: Pakistan has taken a long and tortuous road towards curbing the trade in organs within its borders. Yet, despite the phenomenal gains, several challenges remain in this area. For example, robust and sustainable deceased donor programmes must be established to meet the needs of a country which has a high prevalence of kidney disease and failure. Further, it is necessary to offer an alternative source of organs for transplantation to desperate patients who resort to buying these from the "market". Cultural factors and religious beliefs about the sanctity and inviolability of the corpse, as well as the lack of public and professional education regarding the procurement of organs from the deceased, pose considerable barriers that must be surmounted. We believe it is equally important that transplant professionals and the governments of affluent countries consider measures to discourage, if not prevent, their citizens from travelling to impoverished countries such as Pakistan to buy organs. Without a commitment, ethical and legal, to international solidarity in this matter, the goals that are already difficult for developing countries to achieve, ie, establishing deceased donor programmes and bringing an end to organ trafficking, will be even harder to achieve.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biomedical Ethics and Culture, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi. famoz@mindspring.com.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moazam
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biomedical Ethics and Culture, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200. aamirjafarey@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafarey
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce / Q000941:ethics; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000941:ethics; D057193:Medical Tourism / Q000639:trends; D064877:Organ Trafficking / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000639:trends; D010154:Pakistan; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000941:ethics* / Q000639:trends