title: Antimutagenicity of Methanolic Extracts from Anemopsis californica in Relation to Their Antioxidant Activity.
abstract: Anemopsis californica has been used empirically to treat infectious diseases. However, there are no antimutagenic evaluation reports on this plant. The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity in relation to the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity properties of leaf (LME) and stem (SME) methanolic extracts of A. californica collected in the central Mexican state of Querétaro. Antioxidant properties and total phenols of extracts were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Mutagenicity was evaluated using the Ames test employing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, and TA102), with and without an aroclor 1254 (S9 mixture). Antimutagenesis was performed against mutations induced on the Ames test with MNNG, 2AA, or 4NQO. SME presented the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. None of the extracts exhibited mutagenicity in the Ames test. The extracts produced a significant reduction in 2AA-induced mutations in S. typhimurium TA98. In both extracts, mutagenesis induced by 4NQO or methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was reduced only if the exposure of strains was <10 μg/Petri dish. A. californca antioxidant properties and its capacity to reduce point mutations render it suitable to enhance medical cancer treatments. The significant effect against antimutagenic 2AA suggests that their consumption would provide protection against carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Universidad 1115, 47820 Ocotlán, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carmen Lizette
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Del-Toro-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Research Laboratory, Research Department, Hospital Juárez de México, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 5160, 07760 Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico ; Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Avenida Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nereyda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bautista-Bautista
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Research Laboratory, Research Department, Hospital Juárez de México, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 5160, 07760 Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blasco-Cabal
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Avenida Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marisela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Ávila
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Universidad 1115, 47820 Ocotlán, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Melesio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Lomelí
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Research Laboratory, Research Department, Hospital Juárez de México, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 5160, 07760 Ciudad de México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arriaga-Alba