title: Identification of the neural correlates of cyclothymic temperament using an esthetic judgment for paintings task in fMRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a well-known association between artistic creativity and cyclothymic temperament but the neural correlates of cyclothymic temperament have not yet been fully identified. Recently, we showed that the left lingual gyrus and bilateral cuneus may be associated with esthetic judgment of representational paintings, we therefore sought to investigate brain activity during esthetic judgment of paintings in relation to measures of cyclothymic temperament.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regions of interest (ROI) were set at the left lingual gyrus and bilateral cuneus using automated anatomical labeling, and percent signal changes of the ROIs were measured by marsbar toolbox. The associations between percent signal changes of the ROIs during esthetic judgments of paintings and cyclothymic temperament scores were investigated by Pearson׳s coefficient. Moreover, the associations were further analyzed using multiple regression analysis whereby cyclothymic temperament scores were a dependent factor and percent signal changes of the 3 ROIs and the other 4 temperament scores were independent factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly negative association of cyclothymic temperament scores with the percent signal changes of the left lingual gyrus during esthetic judgments of paintings, but not with those of bilateral cuneus. Even after adjustment using multiple regression analysis, this finding remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of subjects was relatively small and the task was limited to appreciation of paintings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that cyclothymic temperament may be associated with the left lingual gyrus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan. Electronic address: terao@oita-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.affiliation: ATR Promotions, Brain Activity Imaging Center, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D010151:Paintings; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cyclothymic temperament; Esthetic judgment; Lingual gyrus; Neural correlates; Paintings; functional MRI