title: Occurrence and fate of ACE-inhibitor peptides in cheeses and in their digestates following in vitro static gastrointestinal digestion.
abstract: The occurrence of the casein-derived angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor (ACE-I) peptides VPP, IPP, RYLGY, RYLG, AYFYPEL, AYFYPE, LHLPLP and HLPLP were investigated in 12 different cheese samples by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. The total amount of ACE-I peptides was in the range 0.87-331mgkg(-1). VPP and IPP largely prevailed in almost all cheeses. Following in vitro static gastrointestinal digestion of Cheddar, Gorgonzola, Maasdam and Grana Padano cheeses, type and amount of ACE-I peptides changed, and only VPP, IPP, HLPLP and LHLPLP were detected in the intestinal digestates. The results evidenced that the degree of proteolysis itself cannot be regarded as a promoting or hindering factor for ACE-I peptide release during cheese digestion. Moreover, the data indicated that the ACE-I potential of cheeses cannot be inferred based on the type and amount of ACE-I peptides present in undigested samples.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Milda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuknytė
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masotti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ivano.denoni@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Noni
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis*; D004063:Digestion; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002364:Caseins; D010455:Peptides
keywords: ACE-inhibitor peptides; Cheese; In vitro static gastrointestinal digestion; UPLC/HR-MS