title: Quantitative in vivo longitudinal nerve excursion and strain in response to joint movement: A systematic literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neural system mobilization is widely used in the treatment of several painful conditions. Data on nerve biomechanics is crucial to inform the design of mobilization exercises. Therefore, the aim of this review is to characterize normal nervous system biomechanics in terms of excursion and strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were sought from Pubmed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scielo. Two reviewers' screened titles and abstracts, assessed full reports for potentially eligible studies, extracted information on studies' characteristics and assessed its methodological quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies were included in this review that assessed the median nerve (n=8), the ulnar nerve (n=1), the tibial nerve (n=1), the sciatic nerve (n=1) and both the tibial and the sciatic nerves (n=1). All included studies assessed longitudinal nerve excursion and one assessed nerve strain. Absolute values varied between 0.1mm and 12.5mm for median nerve excursion, between 0.1mm and 4.0mm for ulnar nerve excursion, between 0.7 mm and 5.2mm for tibial nerve excursion and between 0.1mm and 3.5mm for sciatic nerve excursion. Maximum reported median nerve strain was 2.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Range of motion for the moving joint, distance from the moving joint to the site of the lesion, position of adjacent joints, number of moving joints and whether joint movement stretches or shortens the nerve bed need to be considered when designing neural mobilization exercises as all of these factors seem to have an impact on nerve excursion.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manso
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Piso 2, Edifício Nascente, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Piedade
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Piso 2, Edifício Nascente, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: asilva@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Anabela G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Biomechanics; Excursion; Neural mobilization; Strain