title: Protection patterns in duck and chicken after homo- or hetero-subtypic reinfections with H5 and H7 low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses: a comparative study.
abstract: Avian influenza viruses are circulating continuously in ducks, inducing a mostly asymptomatic infection, while chickens are accidental hosts highly susceptible to respiratory disease. This discrepancy might be due to a different host response to the virus between these two bird species and in particular to a different susceptibility to reinfection. In an attempt to address this question, we analyzed, in ducks and in chickens, the viral load in infected tissues and the humoral immune response after experimental primary and secondary challenge infections with either homologous or heterologous low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV). Following homologous reinfection, ducks were only partially protected against viral shedding in the lower intestine in conjunction with a moderate antibody response, whereas chickens were totally protected against viral shedding in the upper respiratory airways and developed a stronger antibody response. On the contrary, heterologous reinfection was not followed by a reduced viral excretion in the upper airways of chickens, while ducks were still partially protected from intestinal excretion of the virus, with no correlation to the antibody response. Our comparative study provides a comprehensive demonstration of the variation of viral tropism and control of the host humoral response to LPAIV between two different bird species with different degrees of susceptibility to avian influenza.
authors.affiliation: Universite de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaise
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lalmanach
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.affiliation: Universite de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien Mathieu
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Soubies
authors.affiliation: Universite de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Croville
authors.affiliation: Universite de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Josyane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loupias
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marc
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quéré
authors.affiliation: Universite de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 Interactions Hôtes - Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guérin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004372:Ducks / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D013045:Species Specificity; D019562:Viral Load / Q000662:veterinary; D017201:Virus Shedding