title: The malposition of central venous catheters in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contemporary medical care, especially in the field of pediatrics often requires central venous line (CVC - Central Venous Catheter) implantation for carrying out treatment. Some conditions are treated intravenously for several months, other require long-term venous access due to periodical administration of medications or daily nutritional supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 309 CVCs were implanted at Children's University Hospital in Cracow between January 2011 and December 2012 (24 months). Malposition of the CVC is not common. The target of our article was to present two rare cases of malposition of catheters and two displacements of catheter due to chest tumors, and to enhance the importance of differential diagnostic imaging when difficulties occur.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVC malposition was detected with different imaging modalities followed by appropriate medical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In case of any difficulties with central lines, it is necessary to investigate the underlying cause. The central line team at hospital cooperating with other specialists is needed to detect complications and to prevent them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Emergency, Medicine Children's University Hospital, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzierzega
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's University Hospital, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ossowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Emergency, Medicine Children's University Hospital, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's University Hospital, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's University Hospital, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Walentyna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Balwierz
keywords: Children; Malposition of the Central Catheter; Oncology