title: MicroRNAs in kidney transplantation.
abstract: The discovery of novel classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has revolutionized medicine. Long thought to be a mere cellular housekeeper, surprising functions have recently been uncovered. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are a representative of the class of short ncRNAs, play a fundamental role in the control of DNA and protein biosynthesis and activity as well as pathology. Currently, miRNAs are being investigated as diagnostic and prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in kidney transplantation for such indolent processes as ischaemia-reperfusion injury, humoral rejection or viral infections. It is realistic to believe that monitoring of renal allograft recipients in the future will include genome-wide miRNA profiling of biological fluids. Based on these individual profiles, an informed decision on therapeutic consequences will be possible. A first success with a specific suppression of miRNAs by antisense oligonucleotides was achieved in experimental studies of reperfusion injury and humoral rejection. Proof of this concept in men comes from studies in such indolent viral infections as Ebola and hepatitis C, where anti-miR therapy led to sustained viral clearance. In this review, we summarize the basis of the recent ncRNA revolution and its implication for kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Nephrology, KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilflingseder
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reindl-Schwaighofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunzenauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Nephrology, KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kainz
authors.affiliation: emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinzel
authors.affiliation: emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Department of Nephrology, KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oberbauer
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: acute kidney injury; biomarker; miRNAs; rejection; renal transplantation