title: ZnO nanoparticles as an oxidase mimic-mediated flow-injection chemiluminescence system for sensitive determination of carvedilol.
abstract: A simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed using ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) amplified flow-injection chemiluminescence to detect carvedilol, a non-cardioselective β-blocker. It has been found that carvedilol strongly inhibits the chemiluminescence of luminol-H2O2 catalyzed by ZnO-NPs. Under optimum conditions, a linear working range for carvedilol concentrations from 5 × 10(-8) to 1.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) (r > 0.9894, n = 8) was obtained with a detection limit of 3.25 × 10(-9) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation for 8 repetitive determinations was less than 2.9% and recoveries of 99% and 102% were obtained. ZnO-NPs were synthesized using a green mechanochemical route. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize ZnO-NPs. The method was successfully applied to detect carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran. Electronic address: pb.biparva@sanru.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Pourya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biparva
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran. Electronic address: abediradm@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abedirad
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Yahya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kazemi
mesh_terms: D032701:Biomimetics; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000032:analysis*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D016877:Oxidants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D008165:Luminol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Carvedilol; Flow-injection chemiluminescence; Luminol; Mechanochemical; Nanocatalyst; ZnO nanoparticles