title: Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
abstract: The ethanol crude extracts (ECE) and their subfractions from Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves were prepared and their phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. Moreover, the effective HPLC procedure for simultaneous quantification of twelve compounds in Z. bungeanum leaves was established. The correlation between the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity was also discussed. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had the highest total phenolic (97.29 mmol GAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (67.93 mmol QE/100 g), while the greatest total alkaloid content (4.39 mmol GAE/100 g) was observed in the chloroform fraction (CF). Twelve compounds were quantified by RP-HPLC assay. EAF exhibited the highest content of quercitrin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, quercetin, sesamin, and nitidine chloride (125.21, 54.95, 24.36, 26.24, and 0.20 mg/g); acetone fraction (AF) contained the highest content of chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, and trifolin (5.87, 29.94, 98.33, and 31.24 mg/g), while kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, xanthyletin, and sesamin were rich in CF. EAF and AF exhibited significant DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging abilities and reducing power (FRAP), whereas CF exhibited significant antifungal activity. Moreover, EAF also showed stronger antibacterial activity. In conclusion, Z. bungeanum leaves have health benefits when consumed and could be served as an accessible source for production of functional food ingredients and medicinal exploration.
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3243-1644
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Ziwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Fengyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
authors.forename: Dengwu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl