title: Pathogenesis and host defence against Mucorales: the role of cytokines and interaction with antifungal drugs.
abstract: Innate immune response, including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells and their respective receptors, plays an important role in host defences against Mucorales with differential activity against specific fungal species, while adaptive immunity is not the first line of defence. A number of endogenous and exogenous factors, such as cytokines and growth factors as well as certain antifungal agents have been found that they influence innate immune response to these organisms. Used alone or especially in combination have been shown to exert antifungal effects against Mucorales species. These findings suggest novel ways of adjunctive therapy for patients with invasive mucormycosis.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roilides
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antachopoulos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simitsopoulou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009090:Mucorales / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Mucorales; Rhizopus; antifungal agents; cytokines; mucormycosis; neutrophil