title: [Heat vulnerability assessment in Jinan city: a comparison between residents living in urban centers and urban-fringe areas].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the differences in regional characteristics of heat vulnerability between people living in urban centers and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city so as to provide basis for the development of adaptation measures to heat.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey on heat vulnerability was conducted in urban center and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city, using a self-designed questionnaire among 801 residents at the age of 16 years or older in August 2013. Data of 23 indicators related to heat vulnerability were collected and aggregated to 7 dimensions:health and medical insurance, social networks, heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, resources, living environment and working environment. An index score was calculated using a balanced weighted average approach for each dimension, ranging from 0 to 1, with the closer to 1 as greater vulnerability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores on heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, resources and working environment dimensions for urban-fringe areas were 0.42,0.63,0.55 and 0.62, statistically significantly higher than the urban center area of 0.41,0.51,0.26 and 0.41. Scores of living environment, social networks and health/medical insurance dimensions for urban center area were 0.57,0.49 and 0.31, which were all higher than the urban-fringe areas of 0.50,0.46 and 0.25, with differences statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residents living in the urban center might be more vulnerable to heat in terms of living environment, health/medical insurance and social networks while residents living in the urban-fringe areas might more be vulnerable in terms of heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, life resources and working environment. These facts indicated that heat vulnerability among residents could be quite different, even at a fine geographic sale. We would thus suggest that intervention strategies on protecting people from heat, should be more targeted.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Fangjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Shouqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Shaowei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China. Email: liuqiyong@icdc.cn.
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult