title: Genetic predisposition increases the tic severity, rate of comorbidities, and psychosocial and educational difficulties in children with Tourette syndrome.
abstract: This study aimed to examine whether there are differences in tic severity, comorbidities, and psychosocial and educational consequences in children with Tourette syndrome and genetic predisposition to Tourette syndrome compared with children with Tourette syndrome without genetic predisposition to Tourette syndrome. A total of 314 children diagnosed with Tourette syndrome participated in this study. Validated diagnostic tools were used to assess tic severity, comorbidities, and cognitive performance. A structured interview was used to evaluate psychosocial and educational consequences related to Tourette syndrome. The children with Tourette syndrome and genetic predisposition present with statistically significant differences in terms of severity of tics, comorbidities, and a range of psychosocial and educational factors compared with the children with Tourette syndrome without genetic predisposition. Professionals need to be aware of genetic predisposition to Tourette syndrome, as children with Tourette syndrome and genetic predisposition have more severe symptoms than those children with Tourette syndrome who are without genetic predisposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark absaloney@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Absalon Niclas
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Eysturoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark.
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nanette Mol
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Debes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics
keywords: genetics; tics; tourette syndrome