title: Solitary functioning kidney in children--a follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to assess the cumulative incidence of elevated albuminuria, hypertension and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to identify possible renal injury in children with SFK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two children with SFK (23 boys; 27 congenital) were included in a prospective follow-up study. Blood pressure, albuminuria and eGFR were assessed repeatedly and the cumulative incidence rate of various forms of renal injury, overall and by type of etiology, were evaluated. Finally, renal injury-free survival was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was until age 11.3 years (SD 6.3 years). During follow-up, 16 (38.1%) patients met the criteria for renal injury, defined as hypertension (10; 23.8%), severely increased albuminuria (3; 7.1%) and a significantly impaired eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) (5; 11.9%) and/or use of antihypertensive or antiproteinuric medication (11; 26.2%). Children with CAKUT in SFK had a significantly higher incidence of renal injury. The median time to develop renal injury was 12.8 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial proportion of children with SFK develop renal injury during childhood, especially those with CAKUT in the SFK. Therefore, close follow-up of albuminuria, blood pressure and eGFR are warranted to identify chronic kidney disease in its early stages.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kolvek
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Podracka
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Jitse P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Sijmen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reijneveld
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents