title: Effects of elevated temperature on the toxicity of copper and oxytetracycline in the marine model, Euplotes crassus: a climate change perspective.
abstract: Trace metals and broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs are common environmental contaminants, the importance of which is increasing due to global climate change-related effects. In the present study, the biological model organism E. crassus was first acclimated to five temperatures, from 25 °C to 33 °C, followed by exposure to nominal concentrations of copper, the antibiotic model compound oxytetracycline and mixtures of both, at increasing thermal conditions. Variations of temperature-related toxicity were assessed by two high-level endpoint tests, survival and replication rates, and two sublethal parameters: endocytosis rate and lysosomal membrane stability. The selected toxicants presented opposite behaviours as the protozoa's survival rates increased following an increasing thermal gradient in the oxytetracycline-related treatments, and a decline of tolerance in metal-related treatments was observed. Results of tests combining binary mixtures of tested toxicants showed a complex pattern of responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, Via T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: alessio.gomiero@an.ismar.cnr.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomiero
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, Via T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viarengo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D016812:Euplotes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D010118:Oxytetracycline
keywords: Antibiotics; Biomarkers; Climate change; Copper; Mixtures; Pollutant's temperature related toxicity; Protozoa; Thermal stress