title: Psychological distress, social withdrawal, and coping following receipt of an abnormal mammogram among different ethnicities: a mediation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore ethnic differences in psychological distress and social withdrawal after receiving an abnormal mammogram result and to assess if coping strategies mediate ethnic differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive correlational.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two urban mobile mammography units and a rural community hospital in the state of Washington.
  
  
  METHODS
  41 Latina and 41 non-Latina Caucasian (NLC) women who had received an abnormal mammogram result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women completed standard sociodemographic questions, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the social dimension of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire, and the Brief COPE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethnicity, psychological distress, social withdrawal, and coping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latinas experienced greater psychological distress and social withdrawal compared to NLC counterparts. Denial as a coping strategy mediated ethnic differences in psychological distress. Religious coping mediated ethnic differences in social withdrawal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger population-based studies are necessary to understand how ethnic differences in coping strategies can influence psychological outcomes. This is an important finding that warrants additional study among women who are and are not diagnosed with breast cancer following an abnormal mammogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses may be able to work with Latina patients to diminish denial coping and consequent distress. Nurses may be particularly effective, given cultural values concerning strong interpersonal relationships and respect for authority figures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Yamile
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Shirley A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.affiliation: Northwest Kidney Centers, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Beti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008952:Mobile Health Units; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017008:Negotiating; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012067:Religion; D012934:Social Isolation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Hispanic; breast cancer; coping; cultural competence; detection; prevention; quality of life