title: Characteristics of PCDD/F emissions from secondary copper smelting industry.
abstract: Characteristics and mechanisms of PCDD/F formation with different feed materials in secondary copper smelting industry are investigated. The results indicate that PCDD/Fs are significantly formed even with the reaction time less than 0.1s, especially when the material containing high residues (Cu3) is fed. High copper content (65±2%) in the feed material enhances PCDD/F formation rate. Memory effect and de novo synthesis are two important mechanisms leading to PCDD/F formation. PCDD/F concentrations at the cyclone's inlet are between 2.92 and 12.4ng-TEQNm(-3) and increase with increasing residue content in the feed material. Two regions are identified for high potential of PCDD/F formation including the brass melt surface of the induction furnace and piping before the induced draft fan of the inlet hood. PCDD/Fs in flue gas are effectively removed with a cyclone and bag filter at low operating temperatures (<60°C) to meet the emission limit of 1.0ng-TEQNm(-3). 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF has the largest mass fraction of PCDD/Fs and can serve as a fingerprint for emissions from secondary copper smelting processes. The total emission factor of PCDD/Fs from flue gas, residual and fly ash in the secondary copper smelting process investigated is 22.01μg-TEQtonne(-1).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-da Rd., Jhong-li City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Pao Chen
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-da Rd., Jhong-li City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chia Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-da Rd., Jhong-li City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-da Rd., Jhong-li City, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: mbchang@ncuen.ncu.eu.tw.
authors.forename: Moo Been
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D008669:Metallurgy; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D060729:Coal Ash; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D003300:Copper
keywords: De novo synthesis; Memory effect; PCDD/Fs; Residues; Secondary copper smelting