title: Drug utilization evaluation of meropenem and correlation of side effects with renal status of patients in a teaching based hospital.
abstract: Meropenem is a restricted, broad spectrum and expensive antibiotic. The major consequences of irrational use of restricted antibiotics are increase drug resistance and drug expenditure. The use of antibiotics, specifically restricted antibiotics, must be monitored continuously to increase its adherence to the standard guidelines to avoid such problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of meropenem use with respect to renal status of patients in a teaching based hospital. A retrospective study was carried out from 1st January 2013 to 30th June 2013 to determine the evaluation of meropenem use in accordance to the criteria developed through national (Infectious disease society of Pakistan) and international guidelines (Health care infection control practices advisory committee). The data was recorded on data collection form by thorough reviewing of patients' medical records. Main outcomes measured were indication, dose, interval, duration, creatinine clearance, complete blood count and culture sensitivity test. Correlation of different variable (side effects and generalized health) was also observed with reference to renal status of patients. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics. A total of 201 cases of meropenem prescription were identified during the study period. The variable, which was most consistent with the criteria was 'indication', in which 97.52% of meropenem prescription was indicated in diseases encouraged by guidelines. However, the use of meropenem as an empirical therapy was the major problem reported in this study as it adhered to in only 43% of the cases. It was also noted that prevalence of side effects increased when meropenem was prescribed in renal compromised patients, and also observed that generalized health of patients decreased with meronem use in renal unstable patients. Thrombocytopenia was the major problem associated with the meropenem use (37.81%). The study detected various areas where use of meropenem was not according to the standards. Strict policies and procedures need to be implemented to use meropenem in line with the standard guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Umair
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rabia Ismail
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Yousuf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Harris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shoaib
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D015897:Comorbidity; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000077731:Meropenem; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013845:Thienamycins; D000077731:Meropenem