title: Carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography as an option for detection of endoleaks in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) as an option for the detection of endoleaks (ELs) in the endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm who were scheduled to undergo EVAR were enrolled in the study. There were 35 men and five women (mean age, 77.9 years). All patients had both iodinated contrast conventional DSA (C-DSA) and CO2-DSA immediately after EVAR. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the ability of CO2-DSA to detect ELs. We also correlated with computed tomography findings 6 months after EVAR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-DSA showed that 27 of the 40 patients (68%) had 28 ELs (type I, four; type II, 20; type III, three; type IV, one). CO2-DSA showed that 16 of the 40 patients (40%) had 17 ELs (type I, four; type II, 10; type III, three; type IV, none). For the prediction of direct ELs (type I and type III) with use of C-DSA as the criterion standard, CO2-DSA has a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 1.0. For the detection of persistent type II ELs (n = 11) with use of computed tomography findings 6 months from EVAR as the criterion standard, CO2-DSA has a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.97. C-DSA has a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.64.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2-DSA is reliable for the detection of direct ELs and persistent type II ELs in EVAR. CO2-DSA can be an option to detect ELs in the EVAR procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address: sueyo@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eijun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sueyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uetani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003287:Contrast Media; D057867:Endoleak / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C057937:iomeprol; D007479:Iopamidol