title: Applications of blood-based protein biomarker strategies in the study of psychiatric disorders.
abstract: Major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive and bipolar disorders are severe, chronic and debilitating, and are associated with high disease burden and healthcare costs. Currently, diagnoses of these disorders rely on interview-based assessments of subjective self-reported symptoms. Early diagnosis is difficult, misdiagnosis is a frequent occurrence and there are no objective tests that aid in the prediction of individual responses to treatment. Consequently, validated biomarkers are urgently needed to help address these unmet clinical needs. Historically, psychiatric disorders are viewed as brain disorders and consequently only a few researchers have as yet evaluated systemic changes in psychiatric patients. However, promising research has begun to challenge this concept and there is an increasing awareness that disease-related changes can be traced in the peripheral system which may even be involved in the precipitation of disease onset and course. Converging evidence from molecular profiling analysis of blood serum/plasma have revealed robust molecular changes in psychiatric patients, suggesting that these disorders may be detectable in other systems of the body such as the circulating blood. In this review, we discuss the current clinical needs in psychiatry, highlight the importance of biomarkers in the field, and review a representative selection of biomarker studies to highlight opportunities for the implementation of personalized medicine approaches in the field of psychiatry. It is anticipated that the implementation of validated biomarker tests will not only improve the diagnosis and more effective treatment of psychiatric patients, but also improve prognosis and disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Man K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haenisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, NL-3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomasik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Tillmann
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruland
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahmoune
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, NL-3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: sb209@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; Bipolar disorder; Blood; Major depressive disorder; Personalized medicine; Schizophrenia