title: Hypogonadism in the HIV-infected man.
abstract: Androgen deficiency occurs frequently in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Antiretroviral treatments had reduced the prevalence of male hypogonadism. The pathogenesis of testosterone (T) deficiency in HIV is multifactorial. Several mechanisms have been proposed; among them, drugs, fat redistribution, and a poor health status could explain the mechanism leading to gonadotropins inhibition and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The diagnosis of hypogonadism in HIV-infected men should be made based on clinical symptoms and a specific workup including T measurement. The interpretation of the results of biochemical testing is more difficult in men with HIV due to several confounding factors. T treatment should be offered to HIV-infected men with documented clinical hypogonadism and symptoms, especially if they are losing lean mass.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: rochira.vincenzo@unimore.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rochira
authors.affiliation: Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Child and Adult, Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41124, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Androgen deficiency; Antiretroviral therapy; Gonadotropins; Health status; LH; Premature aging; SHBG; Testosterone