title: The complete mitochondrial genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).
abstract: The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was determined to be 15,883 bp (GenBank accession No. KM009121), which contains 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes and a major non-coding A + T-rich region. It has the typical gene organization and order of mitogenomes from ancestral insects. The nucleotide composition was also biased toward A + T nucleotides (71.72%) and the AT skew of this mitogenome was slightly positive. All of the 22 tRNA genes displayed a typical clover-leaf structure, with the exception of trnS1 (AGN). Thirteen PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, except for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene which was initiated by AAT. Eight of the 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon by T or TA. The A + T-rich region of the mitogenome was 1237 bp in length and the A + T content was 82.30%.
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Ning
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Sen-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bao-Ming
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fu-Jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dai-Zhen
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources , Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bo-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Coleoptera; Tribolium castaneum; mitochondrial genome