title: Novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes: the role of circulating miRNAs.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease, in particular acute coronary syndromes (ACS), is still one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. ACS including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UA) are associated with lower mortality if diagnosed early. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, ECG and circulating biomarker-level changes. Recent studies have shown that there are alternatives to the known biomarkers such as ultrasensitive troponin I or T and creatine kinase Mb; there are, in fact, novel biomarkers such as miRNAs. These are 22-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Several recent studies have shown that miRNAs play a physiological role in cardiovascular homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Expression-pattern studies of myocardial tissue reveal that several miRNAs are up- or down-regulated during myocardial infarction. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the state of the art and future views on this topic.
authors.affiliation: Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory, A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rognoni
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallino
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: Gioel Gabrio
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Secco
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veia
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacchini
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rametta
authors.forename: Angelo Sante
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bongo
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C504459:FILIP1L protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: RNA; ST – segment elevation myocardial infarction; acute coronary syndrome; atherosclerosis; biomarkers; cardiovascular disease; miRNA; microparticles; non ST – segment elevation myocardial infarction; unstable angina pectoris