title: [Long-term prognosis of children with hypoxic encephalopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reports of the prognosis of hypoxic encephalopathy in children have not been common. We investigated the prognoses in 35 children with hypoxic encephalopathy at more than one year from the onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  The average age of onset was 5 years 8 months, and the present age was 12 years 6 months in all cases. The medical records were reviewed, and the clinical courses during the acute stage, the state of sequelae were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The etiologies were drowning 12 cases, asphyxia in 6, heart diseases in 10, respiratory diseases in 2, cardiac arrest in 3, etc. Each etiology showed age-related characterisitics. All cases showed consciousness loss levels of triple-digits on the Japan coma scale. The sequelae comprised physical disabilities in 28 cases, mental disabilities in 30, epilepsy in 16, higher brain dysfunction in 12 especially visiospacial disturbance, etc. The onset of epilepsy was mainly within 3 months after onset of the hypoxic encephalopathy. The types of epileptic seizures were focal seizures in 14 cases and generalized seizures in 12. On average, 2.1 antiepileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine and valproate were prescribed. EEG, brain MRI and brain SPECT showed an extensive range of abnormalities. Severe disabilities depended on the following factors:(1) the etiologies such as asphyxia, congenital heart diseases, cardiac arrest, (2) the age of onset under 2 years or over 13 years, (3) long and severe consciousness loss during the acute stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though the sequelae of hypoxic encephalopathy were similar to those of acute encephalopathy, the former was more serious than the latter.
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshihashi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohagizawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007223:Infant; D011379:Prognosis