title: Decontamination activity of ryegrass exudates towards bisphenol A in the absence and presence of dissolved natural organic matter.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor compound widespread in terrestrial and aquatic systems of urbanized and industrialized regions. This study evaluated the capacity of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) aqueous exudates to degrade BPA at a concentration of 10 mg L(-1) both in the absence and in the presence of an organic fraction often coexisting with plant exudates, i.e., natural organic matter (NOM), tested at a concentration of 20 mg L(-1). In exudates alone, BPA degradation ceased after one day from the product addition when residual BPA resulted 65% of the initial BPA, whereas in exudates with the addition of NOM the degradation process continued for 4 days when residual BPA resulted 49%. Measurements of peroxidase and laccase activities in exudates suggested a significant involvement of these enzymes in BPA degradation. This finding was further confirmed by the almost complete absence of BPA degradation in aqueous exudates strongly acidified. In some BPA-contaminated exudates, chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of a newly formed compound identified as a BPA oxidation product by Fourier transform - ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis. In conclusion, ryegrass exudates possess a relevant decontamination capacity towards BPA which persists and appears to be enhanced by the addition of NOM.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti , University of Bari , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: C Eliana
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gattullo
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiersch
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leinweber
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loffredo
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D008129:Lolium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D006812:Humic Substances; D010544:Peroxidases; D010636:Phenols; D053147:Plant Exudates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: endocrine disruptor; oxidative enzyme; phytoremediation