title: Electrolyte disorders.
abstract: Electrolyte disorders can result in life-threatening complications. The kidneys are tasked with maintaining electrolyte homoeostasis, yet the low glomerular filtration rate of neonatal kidneys, tubular immaturity, and high extrarenal fluid losses contribute to increased occurrence of electrolyte disorders in neonates. Understanding the physiologic basis of renal electrolyte handling is crucial in identifying underlying causes and initiation of proper treatment. This article reviews key aspects of renal physiology, the diagnostic workup of disorders of plasma sodium and potassium, and the appropriate treatment, in addition to inherited disorders associated with neonatal electrolyte disturbances that illuminate the physiology of renal electrolyte handling.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Nephrology Unit, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1 3EH, UK. Electronic address: d.bockenhauer@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bockenhauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 15006 Praha 5, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zieg
mesh_terms: D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Electrolyte disorders; Hyperkalemia; Hypernatremia; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Newborn; Renal physiology