title: Post-infectious immune suppression: a new paradigm of severe infections.
abstract: Infectious diseases remain a major public health issue in both developing and developed countries. For instance, there is still a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to seasonal influenza outbreaks and severe bacterial sepsis, despite major advances in their prevention and treatment. It is now clear that severe influenza and bacterial infections promote susceptibility for superinfections worsening the prognosis. Various immune defects acquired during severe infection may result in complex immunosuppression and may affect both innate and adaptive components. Some animal models of these common clinical situations have demonstrated the increased susceptibility of infected hosts to secondary infectious insult and allowed assessing the regulatory mechanisms. Such pathophysiological advances may help create new immunomodulatory therapeutics for infected patients exposed to severe secondary sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, centre hospitalier de Versailles, 177, rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France; Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U1016, 75005 Paris France. Electronic address: dgrimaldi@ch-versailles.fr.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.affiliation: Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U1016, 75005 Paris France.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Llitjos
authors.affiliation: Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U1016, 75005 Paris France; Réanimation médicale, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: frederic.pene@cch.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pène
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Grippe; Immunodépression post-infectieuse; Immunotherapy; Immunothérapie; Infection secondaire; Influenza; Sepsis grave; Sepsis-induced immunosuppression; Severe sepsis; Superinfection