title: Comparison the prognostic value of galectin-3 and serum markers of cardiac extracellular matrix turnover in patients with chronic systolic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galectin-3 (Gal-3) shows the ability of survival prediction in heart failure (HF) patients. However, Gal-3 is strongly associated with serum markers of cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of Gal-3 and serum markers of cardiac ECM turnover on prognostic prediction of chronic systolic HF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum Gal-3, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), extracellular matrix including type I and III aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen (PINP and PIIINP), matrix metalloproteinase-2, 9 (MMP-2, 9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was used for survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 105 (81 male) patients were enrolled. During 980±346 days follow-up, 17 patients died and 36 episodes of HF admission happened. Mortality of these patients was significantly associated with the log PIIINP (β= 15.380; P=0.042), log TIMP-1(β= 44.530; P=0.003), log MMP-2 (β= 554.336; P<0.001), log BNP (β= 28.273; P=0.034). Log Gal-3 (β= 7.484; P=0.066) is borderline associated with mortality. Mortality or first HF admission of these patients was significantly associated with the log TIMP-1(β= 16.496; P=0.006), log MMP-2 (β= 221.864; P<0.001), log BNP (β= 5.999; P=0.034). Log Gal-3 (β= 4.486; P=0.095) only showed borderline significance. In several models adjusting clinical parameters, log MMP-2 was significantly associated with clinical outcome. In contrast, log Gal-3 was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognostic strength of MMP-2 to clinical outcome prediction in HF patients is stronger than Gal-3.
authors.affiliation: 1. Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yi-Yao
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 2. Woodhull Medical and Mental Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA;
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Xue-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Tse-Pin
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: 6. Department of Agronomy, Biometry Division, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Li-Yu Daisy
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yenh-Hsein
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1. Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; ; 7. National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yen-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Hung-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 5. Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ron-Bin
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 5. Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Shoei-Shen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 8. Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Men-Tzung
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ming-Fong
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yen-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood*; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C047202:procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide; C041876:procollagen Type III-N-terminal peptide; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Gal-3; MMP-2; heart failure