title: Magnetic graphene-based nanotheranostic agent for dual-modality mapping guided photothermal therapy in regional lymph nodal metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Although regional lymph nodes (RLN) dissection remains the only way to cure pancreatic cancer metastasis, it is unavoidably associated with sizable trauma, multiple complications, and low surgical resection rates. Thus, exploring a treatment approach for the ablation of drug-resistant pancreatic cancer is always of great concern. Moreover, reoperative and intraoperative mapping of RLN is also important during treatment, because only a few lymph nodes can be detected by the naked eye. In our study, graphene oxides modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (GO-IONP) as a nanotheranostic agent is firstly developed to diagnose and treat RLN metastasis of pancreatic cancer. The approach was designed based on clinical practice, the GO-IONP agent directly injected into the tumor was transported to RLN via lymphatic vessels. Compared to commercial carbon nanoparticles currently used in the clinic operation, the GO-IONP showed powerful ability of dual-modality mapping of regional lymphatic system by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as dark color of the agent providing valuable information that was instrumental for surgeon in making the preoperative plan before operation and intraoperatively distinguish RLN from surrounding tissue. Under the guidance of dual-modality mapping, we further demonstrated that metastatic lymph nodes including abdominal nodes could be effectively ablated by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation with an incision operation. The lower systematic toxicity of GO-IONP and satisfying safety of photothermal therapy (PTT) to neighbor tissues have also been clearly illustrated in our animal experiments. Using GO-IONP as a nanotheranostic agent presents an approach for mapping and photothermal ablation of RLN, the later may serve as an alternative to lymph node dissection by invasive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Xian F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Xin G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: sshen@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China. Electronic address: surgeonfu@163.com.
authors.forename: De L
authors.initials: de L
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Magnetic graphenes; Nanotheranostic; Pancreatic cancer; Regional lymph nodes