title: Increased chemokine excretion in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease.
abstract: During chronic kidney disease (CKD) leukocytes attracted by chemokines can migrate into the kidney and further aggravate renal affliction by releasing proinflammatory and profibrotic factors. We therefore sought to investigate serum and urine chemokine levels of 114 patients with CKD and 21 healthy volunteers to examine their possible suitability as biomarkers for monitoring disease course and patient's risk assessment. Analyzed chemokines were CCL17, CCL20, CCL22, and CXCL11, which are especially involved in the development of chronic renal failure. Our results showed elevated fractional CCL22 excretion levels in patients with CKD stages 2-5 compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, fractional CCL22 excretion was increased in patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 compared with stages 1-3. Fractional CCL20 excretion showed a significant elevation in patients with CKD stage 5 compared with healthy individuals and patients with CKD stages 1-3. Fractional CXCL11 excretion was significantly elevated in patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 compared with healthy controls and patients with CKD stages 1-3. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the potential of chemokine excretion to predict various CKD stages (area under the curve [AUC] 0.835, P < 0.0001 for CCL22, stage 1 and higher; AUC 0.6887, P = 0.0007 for CCL20, stage 3 and higher; AUC 0.7549, P = 0.0003 for CXCL11, stage 3 and higher). Our results further uncovered trends in varying chemokine serum and excretion levels in different CKD etiologies. In conclusion, monitoring fractional chemokine excretion might be suitable for following CKD course and hence promoting individually adjusted treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lebherz-Eichinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hörl
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hendrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Krenn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; RAIC Laboratory 13C1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: georg.roth@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Georg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D003710:Demography; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines