title: Sleep and breathing.
abstract: The sleep state is associated with significant changes in respiratory physiology, including ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, upper airway and intercostal muscle tone, and tidal volume and minute ventilation. These changes are further magnified in certain disease states, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, restrictive respiratory disorders, neuromuscular conditions, and cardiac diseases. This article discusses the regulation of breathing during sleep in health and associated comorbid conditions.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Program, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA. Electronic address: newtonk@NJHealth.org.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Program, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Program, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Teofilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee-Chiong
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Breathing; Respiratory physiology; Sleep; Sleep-disordered breathing