title: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in immune organs of the common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.
abstract: Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are toxic and subject to long-term in vivo accumulation in different aquatic species throughout the world. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of ATR, CPF and combined ATR/CPF exposure on cytokines in the head kidney and spleen of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to CPF and ATR, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the mRNA expression of IL-6fam (IL-6), IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 (TGF-β) in the head kidney and spleen tissues. These results showed that the expression of cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the head kidney and spleen was upregulated following ATR, CPF and mixed ATR/CPF exposure compared with the control group. The expression of IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA was significantly inhibited in both head kidney and spleen of carp exposed to ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF mixture. The results suggested that long-term exposure of ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF mixture in aquatic environments can induce the dysregulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. The information regarding the effects of ATR and CPF on cytokine mRNA expression generated in this study will be important information for pesticides toxicology evaluation.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China; Department of Biological Engineering, Jilin Engineering Vocational College, 1299 Changfa Road, Siping 136001, China.
authors.forename: Dechun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Ziwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China. Electronic address: xhj19800319@126.com.
authors.forename: Houjuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China. Electronic address: shiwenxu@neau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Atrazine; Chlorpyrifos; Common carp; Cytokine; Immune organ