title: Detection of human papillomavirus in chronic cervicitis, cervical adenocarcinoma, intraepithelial neoplasia and squamus cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Recent studies show that human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is present in all cervical carcinomas and in some cervicitis cases, with some geographical variation in viral subtypes. Therefore determination of the presence of HPV in the general population of each region can help reveal the role of these viruses in tumors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to estimate the frequency of infection with HPV in cervicitis, cervical adenocarcinoma, intraepithelial neoplasia and squamus cell carcinoma samples from the Isfahan Province, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty two formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples of crevicitis cases and different cervix tumors including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (I, II, III), squamus cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma were collected from histopathological files of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan. Data about histopathological changes were collected by reexamination of the hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. DNA was extracted and subjected to Nested PCR using consensus primers, MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, designed for amplification of a conserved region of the genome coding for L1 protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 74.5% of the tested samples were positive for HPV. Amongst the tested tumors 8 out of 20 (40%) of CIN (I, II, III), 5 out of 21 (23.8%) of adenocarcinoma cases and 78 out of 79 chronic cervicitis cases were positive for HPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of different carcinomas and also the rate of HPV infection in each case were lower than other reports from different countries. This could be correlated with the social behavior of women in the area, where they mostly have only one partner throughout their life, and also the rate of smoking behavior of women in the studied population. On the other hand the rate of HPV infection in chronic cervicitis cases was much higher than cases reported by previous studies. This necessitates more attention to the role of human papillomaviruses in the their induction in the studied area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mirzaie-Kashani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouzari
authors.affiliation: Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Farahnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arbabzadeh-Zavareh
keywords: Polymerase Chain Reaction; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervicitis