title: Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of drug-induced esophagitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical, endoscopic and pathological characteristics of drug-induced esophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for patients diagnosed with drug-induced esophagitis from April 2002 to May 2013 was reviewed. Patients diagnosed with malignancy, viral or fungal esophagitis were excluded. Clinical, endoscopic and pathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with drug-induced esophagitis were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed with drug-induced esophagitis. Their mean age was 43.9 ± 18.9 years and 35.9% were male. Common symptoms were chest pain (71.8%), odynophagia (38.5%) and dysphagia (29.5%). The endoscopic location was in the middle third of esophagus in 78.2%. Endoscopic findings were ulcer (82.1%), erosion (17.9%), ulcer with bleeding (24.4%), coating with drug material (5.1%), impacted pill fragments (3.8%) and stricture (2.6%). Kissing ulcers were observed in 43.6%. The main causative agents were antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. All the patients were treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or sucralfate, and the causative drugs were discontinued. Nineteen patients with drug-induced esophagitis were followed up with endoscopy and revealed normal findings, scars or healing ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug-induced esophagitis mainly presents as chest pain, odynophagia and dysphagia, and may be successfully treated with PPIs and discontinuation of the causative drug. Kissing ulcers were observed in 43.6%.
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Bong
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong Gwan
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kook Lae
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Pil
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoun Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Su Hwan Kim, Ji Bong Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Byeong Gwan Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013392:Sucralfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013392:Sucralfate
keywords: Drug; Endoscopy; Esophagitis; Kissing ulcers; Pathology; Symptoms