title: The insertion and deletion (I28005D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene is a risk factor for osteoarthritis in an Asian Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) insertion and deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In recent years, numerous genetic factors have been identified and implicated in OA. In this Asian Indian population-based study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between ACE (I28005D) gene polymorphism and primary OA. We performed a case-control association study to identify and explore the correlation between clinically, radiologically diagnosed individuals with primary knee OA and the ACE I/D polymorphism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was isolated from 200 samples, including 100 OA cases and 100 healthy volunteers. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using I and D allele-specific primers. PCR products were assessed via UV visualization of products electrophoresed on 2% agarose gels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups differed significantly in genotype distributions (p < 0.05). The primary knee OA group showed a considerably higher incidence of the DD genotype and the D allele compared to the control group (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.10-4.15, p = 0.02 and OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.39-3.10, p = 0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE gene polymorphism I28005D was found to be associated with primary knee OA in Asian Indian populations. This is the first study in India to report that the ACE gene polymorphism is a risk factor for early onset primary knee OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Subhadra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poornima
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subramanyam
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Imran Ali
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India qhasan2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qurratulain
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); Asian Indian population; I28005D gene polymorphism; osteoarthritis