title: Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of NDM-1 Klebsiella pneumoniae in spaceflight reveal mechanisms underlying environmental adaptability.
abstract: The emergence and rapid spread of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains has caused a great concern worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms underlying environmental adaptation of those highly drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains, we took advantage of the China's Shenzhou 10 spacecraft mission to conduct comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of a NDM-1 K. pneumoniae strain (ATCC BAA-2146) being cultivated under different conditions. The samples were recovered from semisolid medium placed on the ground (D strain), in simulated space condition (M strain), or in Shenzhou 10 spacecraft (T strain) for analysis. Our data revealed multiple variations underlying pathogen adaptation into different environments in terms of changes in morphology, H2O2 tolerance and biofilm formation ability, genomic stability and regulation of metabolic pathways. Additionally, we found a few non-coding RNAs to be differentially regulated. The results are helpful for better understanding the adaptive mechanisms of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: 1] Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China [2] School of medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Pupu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Compound Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Patrick C Y
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbei Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Cui Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Changting
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D018441:Biofilms; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013026:Space Flight; D059467:Transcriptome; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial