title: Anti-listerial synergism of leaf essential oil of Metasequoia glyptostroboides with nisin in whole, low and skim milks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the individual and synergistic anti-listerial effect of nisin and leaf essential oil of Metasequoia glyptostroboides (M. glyptostroboides) against one of the leading foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) ATCC 19116 in milk samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The whole (8%), low (1%) and skim (no fat content) milk samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes ATCC 19116 along with leaf essential oil of M. glyptostroboides or nisin alone as well in combinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the leaf essential oil at the concentrations of 2% and 5% revealed strong anti-listerial effect against L. monocytogenes ATCC 19116 in all categories of milk samples. Nisin at the concentrations of 250 and 500 IU/mL displayed a strong inhibitory effect against ATCC 19116 as compared to the control group. Additionally, synergistic combinations of leaf essential oil (1%) and nisin (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 IU/mL) also had a remarkable anti-listerial synergism in all the tested milk samples including whole, low and skim milk after 14 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a major finding, the leaf essential oil of M. glyptostroboides might be a useful candidate for using in food industry to control the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria as confirmed by its potent anti-listerial synergistic effect with nisin against L. monocytogenes ATCC 19116 in different milk samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Vivek K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bajpai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sckang@daegu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sun Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D029779:Cupressaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D009561:Nisin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009561:Nisin
keywords: Anti-listerial effect; Leaf essential oil; Metasequoia glyptostroboides; Nisin, Milk samples; Synergism