title: Middle school injuries: a 20-year (1988-2008) multisport evaluation.
abstract: Data on the incidence of injury in middle school sports are limited.
  
  
  
  To describe overall, practice, and game injury rate patterns in 29 middle school sports.
  
  
  
  Descriptive epidemiology study.
  
  
  
  Injury data collected over a 20-year period (1988-2008) at a single school.
  
  
  
  Boy (n = 8078) and girl (n = 5960) athletes participating in 14 and 15 middle school sports, respectively.
  
  
  
  Injury status and athlete-exposures (AEs) were collected by certified athletic trainers. Incidence rates per 1000 AEs (injuries/AEs) were calculated for overall incidence, practices and games, injury location, injury type, and injury severity (time lost from participation). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare injury rates for sex-matched sports.
  
  
  
  Football had the highest injury rate for all injuries (16.03/1000 AEs) and for time-loss injuries (8.486/1000 AEs). In matched middle school sports, girls exhibited a higher injury rate for all injuries (7.686/1000 AEs, RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2) and time-loss injuries (2.944/1000 AEs, RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.2) than boys (all injuries: 6.684/1000 AEs, time-loss injuries: 2.702/1000 AEs). Girls had a higher injury rate during practices (3.30/1000 AEs) than games (1.67/1000 AEs, RR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.4) for all sports. Only gymnastics (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.3, 3.8) had a higher game injury rate for girls. Practice and game injury rates were nearly identical for boys in all sports (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.9, 1.1). Only football (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.4, 0.6) and boys' wrestling (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.3, 0.8) reported higher game injury rates. Tendinitis injuries accounted for 19.1% of all middle school injuries.
  
  
  
  The risk for sport-related injury at the middle school level was greater during practices than games and greater for girls than boys in sex-matched sports. Conditioning programs may be needed to address the high rate of tendinitis injuries.
authors.affiliation: Punahou School, Honolulu, HI.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beachy
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries; D005544:Forecasting; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014952:Wrestling / Q000293:injuries
keywords: adolescents; athletes; epidemiology; sports