title: Electron shell ionization of atoms with classical, relativistic scattering.
abstract: We investigate forward scattering of ionization from neon, argon, and xenon in ultrahigh intensities of 2 × 10(19) W/cm(2). Comparisons between the gases reveal the energy of the outgoing photoelectron determines its momentum, which can be scattered as far forward as 45° from the laser wave vector k(laser) for energies greater than 1 MeV. The shell structure in the atom manifests itself as modulations in the photoelectron yield and the width of the angular distributions. We arrive at an agreement with theory by using an independent electron model for the atom, a dipole approximation for the bound state interaction, and a relativistic, three-dimensional, classical radiation field including the laser magnetic field. The studies provide the atomic physics within plasmas, radiation, and particle acceleration in ultrastrong fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ekanayake
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Grugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Camilo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: McCowan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scalzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tramontozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stanev
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Decamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Walker