title: Mechanical and biological stability of superplastically embedded HA nanolayer deformed at high temperature.
abstract: In this study, HA is superplastically embedded into Titanium substrate and the sample is subsequently deformed superplastically until 70% deformation degree. The former process is termed as superplastic embedment (SPE) while the later as superplastic deformation (SPD). After the SPE, HA is successfully embedded into the substrate, forming a layer with a thickness of about 249 nm. After the SPD the embedded HA layer thickness decreases to 111 nm. The SPD sample is then immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) to evaluate its biological properties. A newly grown apatite is formed as a result of the immersion and the HA layer thickness increases with immersion time. The cohesion and adhesion strength within the HA coating and coating-substrate interface of the SPD samples before and after immersion in the SBF is evaluated through the nanoscratch test technique. The results indicate that the HA layer after SPD is still strong even though after being exposed in SBF environment for quite some time. The study suggests that the superplastically embedded HA nanolayer is still intact mechanically and functioning appropriately as biological activity base even after the SPD process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia. Electronic address: aidajamlus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siti Aida
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jamlus
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia. Electronic address: iswadi@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Iswadi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jauhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia. Electronic address: imanhidayah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hidayah Mohd
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khalid
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bioactivity; Hydroxyapatite; Nanoscratch; Superplastic deformation; Superplastic embedment; Ti-6Al-4V