title: Nothing but NET: a review of norepinephrine transporter expression and efficacy of 131I-mIBG therapy.
abstract: Neuroblastoma is unique amongst common pediatric cancers for its expression of the norepinephrine transporter (NET), enabling tumor-selective imaging and therapy with radioactive analogues of norepinephrine. The majority of neuroblastoma tumors are avid for (123)I-metaiodobenzaguanidine (mIBG) on imaging, yet the therapeutic response to (131) I-mIBG is only 30% in clinical trials, and off-target effects cause short- and long-term morbidity. We review the contemporary understanding of the tumor-selective uptake, retention, and efflux of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) and strategies currently in development for improving its efficacy. Combination treatment strategies aimed at enhancing NET are likely necessary to reach the full potential of (131)I-mIBG therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Keri A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Streby
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ranalli
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunkler
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Cripe
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine
keywords: meta-iodobenzylguanidine; neuroblastoma; norepinephrine transporter