title: Micro Vascular Plug (MVP)-assisted vessel occlusion in neurovascular pathologies: technical results and initial clinical experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deconstructive approaches may be necessary to treat a variety of neurovascular pathologies. Recently, a new device has become available for endovascular arterial occlusion that may have unique applications in neurovascular disease. The Micro Vascular Plug (MVP, Reverse Medical, Irvine, California, USA) has been designed for vessel occlusion through targeted embolization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the results from our initial experience with eight consecutive patients in whom the MVP was used to achieve endovascular occlusion of an artery in the head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight consecutive patients treated over a nine-month period were included. The patients' radiographic and electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Specifically demographic information, clinical indication, site of arterial occlusion, size of MVP, time to vessel occlusion, clinical complications, use of other secondary embolic agents, and clinical outcome were recorded. Follow-up information when available is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MVP was used in eight patients for the treatment of neurovascular disease. Indications for treatment included post-traumatic head/neck bleeding (n=3), carotid-cavernous fistula (1), vertebral-vertebral fistula (1), giant fusiform vertebral aneurysm (1), stump-emboli after carotid dissection (1), and iatrogenic vertebral artery penetrating injury (1). One device was used in five patients, two in two patients, and one patient with extensive vertebral-vertebral venous fistula required three plugs to effectively trap the fistula from proximal and distal aspects. Vessel occlusion was obtained in <2 min in each case and there were no procedural complications. Four patients were followed up and no incidence of plug migration or vessel recanalization was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first series reporting the use of MVP in neurovascular disease. Use of this device may be associated with shorter procedural times and cost savings in comparison with the use of microcoils for vessel occlusion. Our experience shows that MVP can have unique applications in neurovascular pathologies and it complements other occlusive devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Narlin B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gandhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angiography; Artery; Device; Intervention