title: The influence of sleep restriction on expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins p53, Bcl-2 and Bax following rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep restriction (SR) could affect the mechanisms and pathways' essentials for cancer cells in tongue cancer induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were distributed into 4 groups of 5 animals each treated with 50 ppm 4 NQO solution through their drinking water for 4 and 12 weeks. The animals were submitted to sleep restriction for 21 days using the modified multiple platform method, which consisted of placing 5 rats in a cage (41 × 34 × 16 cm) containing 10 circular platforms (3.5 cm in diameter) with water 1 cm below the upper surface. The investigations were conducted using immunohistochemistry of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis and its pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no histopathologic abnormalities were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure in all groups, in 12 weeks were observed pre-neoplastic lesions. Data analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in 4 weeks group for p53, and for bcl-2. Following 12 weeks of 4NQO administration, we found significant differences between SR and control groups in p53, bax, and bcl-2 immunoexpression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reveal that sleep restriction exerted alterations in proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis in carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noguti
authors.forename: Tathiana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: Celina T F
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000737:chemistry; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000737:chemistry; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C120195:4-nitroquinolone-1-oxide; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D002273:Carcinogens; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D015363:Quinolones; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide
keywords: apoptosis; oral cancer