title: Tasks Driven by Perceptual Information Do Not Recruit Sustained BOLD Activity in Cingulo-Opercular Regions.
abstract: Sustained blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/medial superior frontal cortex (dACC/msFC) and bilateral anterior insula/frontal operculum (aI/fO) is found in a broad majority of tasks examined and is believed to function as a putative task set maintenance signal. For example, a meta-analysis investigating task-control signals identified the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula as exhibiting sustained activity across a variety of task types. Re-analysis of tasks included in that meta-analysis showed exceptions, suggesting that tasks where the information necessary to determine a response was present in the stimulus (i.e., perceptually driven) does not show strong sustained cingulo-opercular activity. In a new experiment, we tested the generality of this observation while addressing alternative explanations about sustained cingulo-opercular activity (including task difficulty and verbal vs. non-verbal task demands). A new, difficult, perceptually driven task was compared with 2 new tasks that depended on information beyond that provided by the stimulus. The perceptually driven task showed a lack of cingulo-opercular activity in contrast to the 2 newly constructed tasks. This finding supports the idea that sustained cingulo-opercular activity contributes to maintenance of task set in only a subset of tasks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dubis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: Maital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.|Department of Radiology.|Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and.|Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.|Department of Psychology and.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cognitive control; fMRI; sustained BOLD; task set; task-control signals