title: [Study of animal model of osteonecrosis induced by local ethanol injection in emu].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a new animal model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by local ethanol injection in emu.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight milliliter ethanol was injected slowly to the operated femoral head with customized probe in twenty adult male emus. Postoperatively, hip magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks. After emus were sacrificed, the femurs were collected for micro-computed tomography and histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No emu demonstrated signs of infection or died unexpectedly. Magnetic resonance imaging examination showed broad edema at proximal femur at 1(th) week, and the edema decreased with time, till local edema at femoral head at the 12(th) week. Histological images showed human-like osteonecrotic changes with active bone repair. There were significant differences in trabecular structure and bone mineral density between the operated and intact femoral heads. No collapse was found 6 months after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This emu model of femoral head osteonecrosis by local ethanol injection can progress to early stage osteonecrosis. The different repair methods may have certain correlation with the results of osteonecrosis of the femoral heads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopeadics,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China; Institute of Orthopeadics,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopeadics,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China.
authors.forename: Wen-xue
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopeadics,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Ai-yuan
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopeadics,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopeadics,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopeadics,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Wen-jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopeadics,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China.
authors.forename: Shi-bi
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020312:Dromaiidae; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D005270:Femur Head / Q000473:pathology; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol