title: Depression is not associated with diabetes control in minority elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the longitudinal association of depression, with and without cognitive dysfunction, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in a predominantly minority cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 613 participants. Presence of depression was defined by a score ≥7 on the Short-CARE depression scale. We tested participants for executive dysfunction using the Color Trails Test (CTT), part 2, and for memory dysfunction using the total recall task of the Selective Reminding Test (TR-SRT). We classified performance in these tests as abnormal based on standardized score cutoffs (<16th percentile and one standard deviation below the sample mean). Random effects models were used to compare repeated measures of the diabetes control measures between those with depression versus those without depression and ever versus never cognitively impaired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline depression was present in 36% of participants. Over a median follow-up of 2 years, depression was not related to worse HbA1c, SBP, or LDL. The presence of (1) abnormal performance on a test of executive function and depression (n=57) or (2) abnormal performance on a test of verbal recall and depression (n=43) was also not associated with clinically significant worse change in diabetes control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression, with or without low performance in tests of executive function and memory, may not affect clinically significant measures of diabetes control in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palta
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sherita Hill
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale, Bronx, NY, USA; Morris W. Stroud, III, Center for Studies on Quality of Life, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Teresi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Palmas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trief
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Taub Institute, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Columbia University College of Physician and Surgeons, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievksy Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manly
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jal94@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Luchsinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017216:Telemedicine
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Cognitive dysfunction; Depression; Diabetes; Diabetes control; Older adults