title: Social contexts of substance use among U.S. high school seniors: a multicohort national study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the social contexts associated with the past-year substance use (multiple substances, alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical use of prescription opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizers) among U.S. high school seniors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from 10 cohorts (2002-2011) of the Monitoring the Future study, including 24,809 high school seniors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The social contexts associated with the past-year substance use varied considerably based on the substance used. The most prevalent location for alcohol, marijuana, and polydrug use was at a party, whereas nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, tranquilizers, and opioids was most likely to occur at home. Most types of substance use occurred in the presence of other people with the exception of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, which was a more solitary behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These exploratory findings indicate that prevention efforts may need to account for differences in social contexts between types of substances used.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: plius@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Sean Esteban
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.affiliation: Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Brady T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veliz
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012919:Social Behavior; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adolescents; Alcohol; Controlled medications; Epidemiology; Marijuana; Prescription opioids; Prescription stimulants; Prescription tranquilizers; Social contexts; Substance use