title: Comparison of periprosthetic tissues in knee and hip joints: differential expression of CCL3 and DC-STAMP in total knee and hip arthroplasty and similar cytokine profiles in primary knee and hip osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify expression profiles (EP) associated with aseptic loosening of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to compare them with EP observed in total hip arthroplasty (THA), and primary knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene EP of TNF, IL-6, IL-8, CHIT1, BMP4, CCL3, CCL18, MMP9, RANKL, OPG, DC-STAMP and SOCS3 were assessed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on tissues retrieved from patients with aseptically failed TKA (n = 21), THA (n = 41) and primary knee (n = 20) and hip (n = 17) OA. Immunohistochemistry was applied to localize the proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to knee OA, the pseudosynovial tissue in TKA exhibit (1) elevation of alternative macrophage activation marker (CHIT1), chemokine (IL-8), and a proteolytic enzyme (MMP9); (2) downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF), osteoclastic regulator (OPG) and a stimulator of bone formation (BMP4); (3) no difference in IL-6, CCL3, CCL18, RANKL, DC-STAMP and SOCS3. The EP in TKA differed from EP in aseptically failed THA by lower CCL3 and DC-STAMP mRNA and protein expression. EP of all studied inflammatory and osteoclastogenic molecules were similar in knee and hip OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparing to OA, aseptic loosening of TKA is associated with upregulated expression of CHIT1, IL-8 and MMP9, dysregulated RANKL:OPG ratio and low levels of inflammatory cytokines. Similar cytokine profiles were associated with primary knee and hip OA. Further research is required to explain the differences in CCL3 and DC-STAMP expression between failed TKA and THA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: tomankovat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomankova
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: eva.kriegova@email.cz.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kriegova
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: regak@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fillerova
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: pavla.luzna@tiscali.cz.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luzna
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jiri.ehrmann@upol.cz.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jiri.gallo@volny.cz.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000379:methods*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D016207:Cytokines; C501589:DCSTAMP protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Aseptic loosening; Cytokines; Gene expression profile; Osteoarthritis; Total hip arthroplasty; Total knee arthroplasty