title: Preventing microbial colonisation of catheters: antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of cellobiose dehydrogenase.
abstract: The ability of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for antimicrobial and antibiofilm functionalisation of urinary catheters was investigated. A recombinantly produced CDH from Myriococcum thermophilum was shown to completely inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus both in liquid and solid media when supplemented with either 0.8 mM or 2 mM cellobiose as substrate. Biofilm formation on silicone films was prevented by CDH when supplemented with 1mM cellobiose. The CDH/cellobiose system also successfully inhibited many common urinary catheter-colonising micro-organisms, including multidrug-resistant S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, CDH was also able to produce H(2)O(2) during oxidation of extracellular polysaccharides (exPS) formed by micro-organisms in the absence of cellobiose. The H(2)O(2) production and consequently antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities on these exPS were enhanced by incorporation of glycoside hydrolases such as amylases. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides by these enzymes increases the number of terminal reducing sugars as substrates for CDH as well as destabilises the biofilm. Furthermore, CDH suspended in catheter lubricants killed bacteria in biofilms colonising catheters. Incorporation of the CDH/cellobiose system in the lubricant therefore makes it an easy strategy for preventing microbial colonisation of catheters.
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thallinger
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medical Institute 'Pirogov', Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, 21 Totleben Boulevard, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argirova
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medical Institute 'Pirogov', Clinical Microbiology, 21 Totleben Boulevard, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesseva
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sygmund
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlick
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria. Electronic address: g.nyanhongo@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Gibson S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Nyanhongo
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guebitz
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D057785:Catheters / Q000382:microbiology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020037:Sordariales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C019859:cellobiose-quinone oxidoreductase
keywords: Antibiofilm; Antimicrobial; Cellobiose dehydrogenase; Extracellular polysaccharides; Hydrogen peroxide; Urinary catheters